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Abstract
During morphogenesis, epithelial tubes elongate. In the case of the mammalian lung, biased elongation has been linked to a bias in cell shape and cell division, but it has remained unclear whether a bias in cell shape along the axis of outgrowth is sufficient for biased outgrowth and how it arises. Here, we use our 2D cell-based tissue simulation software [Formula: see text] to investigate the conditions for biased epithelial outgrowth. We show that the observed bias in cell shape and cell division can result in the observed bias in outgrowth only in the case of strong cortical tension, and comparison to biological data suggests that the cortical tension in epithelia is likely sufficient. We explore mechanisms that may result in the observed bias in cell division and cell shapes. To this end, we test the possibility that the surrounding tissue or extracellular matrix acts as a mechanical constraint that biases growth in the longitudinal direction. While external compressive forces can result in the observed bias in outgrowth, we find that they do not result in the observed bias in cell shapes. We conclude that other mechanisms must exist that generate the bias in lung epithelial outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stopka
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4053 Basel, Switzerland
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52
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Goodwin K, Mao S, Guyomar T, Miller E, Radisky DC, Košmrlj A, Nelson CM. Smooth muscle differentiation shapes domain branches during mouse lung development. Development 2019; 146:dev.181172. [PMID: 31645357 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During branching morphogenesis, a simple cluster of cells proliferates and branches to generate an arborized network that facilitates fluid flow. The overall architecture of the mouse lung is established by domain branching, wherein new branches form laterally off the side of an existing branch. The airway epithelium develops concomitantly with a layer of smooth muscle that is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme. Here, we examined the role of smooth muscle differentiation in shaping emerging domain branches. We found that the position and morphology of domain branches are highly stereotyped, as is the pattern of smooth muscle that differentiates around the base of each branch. Perturbing the pattern of smooth muscle differentiation genetically or pharmacologically causes abnormal domain branching. Loss of smooth muscle results in ectopic branching and decreases branch stereotypy. Increased smooth muscle suppresses branch initiation and extension. Computational modeling revealed that epithelial proliferation is insufficient to generate domain branches and that smooth muscle wrapping is required to shape the epithelium into a branch. Our work sheds light on the physical mechanisms of branching morphogenesis in the mouse lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tristan Guyomar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Erin Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA .,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Ishizaki-Asami R, Uchida K, Tsuchihashi T, Shibata A, Kodo K, Emoto K, Mikoshiba K, Takahashi T, Yamagishi H. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 as a novel marker of vasculature to delineate processes of cardiopulmonary development. Dev Biol 2019; 458:237-245. [PMID: 31758944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) involving the outflow tract (OFT), such as persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), lead to mortality and morbidity with implications not only in the heart, but also in the pulmonary vasculature. The mechanisms of pulmonary artery (PA) development and the etiologies underlying PA disorders associated with CHD remain poorly understood partly because of a specific marker for PA development is nonexistent. The three subtypes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R1, 2, and 3) are intracellular Ca2+ channels that are essential for many tissues and organs. We discovered that IP3R2 was expressed in the vasculature and heart during development using transgenic mice, in which a LacZ marker gene was knocked into the IP3R2 locus. Whole-mount and section LacZ staining showed that IP3R2-LacZ-positive cells were detectable exclusively in the smooth muscle cells, or tunica media, of PA, merging into αSMA-positive cells during development. Furthermore, our analyses suggested that IP3R2-LacZ positive PA smooth muscle layers gradually elongate from the central PA to the peripheral PAs from E13.5 to E18.5, supporting the distal angiogenesis theory for the development of PA, whereas IP3R2-LacZ was rarely expressed in smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary trunk. Crossing IP3R-LacZ mice with mice hypomorphic for Tbx1 alleles revealed that PTA of Tbx1 mutants may result from agenesis or hypoplasia of the pulmonary trunk; thus, the left and right central to peripheral PAs connect directly to the dorsal side of the truncus arteriosus in these mutants. Additionally, we found hypercellular interstitial mesenchyme and delayed maturation of the lung endoderm in the Tbx1 mutant lungs. Our study identifies IP3R2 as a novel marker for clear visualization of PA during development and can be utilized for studying cardiopulmonary development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Ishizaki-Asami
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Health Center, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8521, Japan.
| | - Takatoshi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadōri, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0013, Japan
| | - Akimichi Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, 284-1 Yobe-cho, Ashikaga, Tochigi, 326-0843, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsura Emoto
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- SIAIS (Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies), ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; Toho University, Faculty of Science, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan; Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Brain Sciences, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Sivakumar A, Frank DB. Paradigms that define lung epithelial progenitor cell fate in development and regeneration. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019; 5:133-144. [PMID: 32587809 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-00166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Throughout the lifespan, lung injury impedes the primary critical function essential for life-respiration. To repair quickly and efficiently is critical and is orchestrated by a diverse repertoire of progenitor cells and their niche. This review incorporates knowledge gained from early studies in lung epithelial morphogenesis and cell fate and explores its relevance to more recent findings of lung progenitor and stem cells in development and regeneration. Recent Findings Cell fate in the lung is organized into an early specification phase and progressive differentiation phase in lung development. The advent of single cell analysis combined with lineage analysis and projections is uncovering new functional cell types in the lung providing a topographical atlas for progenitor cell lineage commitment during development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Summary Lineage commitment of lung progenitor cells is spatiotemporally regulated during development. Single cell sequencing technologies have significantly advanced our understanding of the similarities and differences between developmental and regenerative cell fate trajectories. Subsequent unraveling of the molecular mechanisms underlying these cell fate decisions will be essential to manipulating progenitor cells for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Sivakumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David B Frank
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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55
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Mammoto A, Mammoto T. Vascular Niche in Lung Alveolar Development, Homeostasis, and Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:318. [PMID: 31781555 PMCID: PMC6861452 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute small capillary blood vessels and contribute to delivery of nutrients, oxygen and cellular components to the local tissues, as well as to removal of carbon dioxide and waste products from the tissues. Besides these fundamental functions, accumulating evidence indicates that capillary ECs form the vascular niche. In the vascular niche, ECs reciprocally crosstalk with resident cells such as epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells to regulate development, homeostasis, and regeneration in various organs. Capillary ECs supply paracrine factors, called angiocrine factors, to the adjacent cells in the niche and orchestrate these processes. Although the vascular niche is anatomically and functionally well-characterized in several organs such as bone marrow and neurons, the effects of endothelial signals on other resident cells and anatomy of the vascular niche in the lung have not been well-explored. This review discusses the role of alveolar capillary ECs in the vascular niche during development, homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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56
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Mesenchyme-specific deletion of Tgf-β1 in the embryonic lung disrupts branching morphogenesis and induces lung hypoplasia. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1363-1375. [PMID: 31028279 PMCID: PMC7422700 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper lung development depends on the precise temporal and spatial expression of several morphogenic factors, including Fgf10, Fgf9, Shh, Bmp4, and Tgf-β. Over- or under-expression of these molecules often leads to aberrant embryonic or postnatal lung development. Herein, we deleted the Tgf-β1 gene specifically within the lung embryonic mesenchymal compartment at specific gestational stages to determine the contribution of this cytokine to lung development. Mutant embryos developed severe lung hypoplasia and died at birth due to the inability to breathe. Despite the markedly reduced lung size, proliferation and differentiation of the lung epithelium was not affected by the lack of mesenchymal expression of the Tgf-β1 gene, while apoptosis was significantly increased in the mutant lung parenchyma. Lack of mesenchymal expression of the Tgf-β1 gene was also associated with reduced lung branching morphogenesis, with accompanying inhibition of the local FGF10 signaling pathway as well as abnormal development of the vascular system. To shed light on the mechanism of lung hypoplasia, we quantified the phosphorylation of 226 proteins in the mutant E12.5 lung compared with control. We identified five proteins, Hrs, Vav2, c-Kit, the regulatory subunit of Pi3k (P85), and Fgfr1, that were over- or under-phosphorylated in the mutant lung, suggesting that they could be indispensable effectors of the TGF-β signaling program during embryonic lung development. In conclusion, we have uncovered novel roles of the mesenchyme-specific Tgf-β1 ligand in embryonic mouse lung development and generated a mouse model that may prove helpful to identify some of the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying lung hypoplasia in humans.
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57
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Spurlin JW, Siedlik MJ, Nerger BA, Pang MF, Jayaraman S, Zhang R, Nelson CM. Mesenchymal proteases and tissue fluidity remodel the extracellular matrix during airway epithelial branching in the embryonic avian lung. Development 2019; 146:dev.175257. [PMID: 31371376 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal signaling is essential for morphogenesis, including branching of the lung. In the mouse, mesenchymal cells differentiate into airway smooth muscle that wraps around epithelial branches, but this contractile tissue is absent from the early avian lung. Here, we have found that branching morphogenesis in the embryonic chicken lung requires extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling driven by reciprocal interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme. Before branching, the basement membrane wraps the airway epithelium as a spatially uniform sheath. After branch initiation, however, the basement membrane thins at branch tips; this remodeling requires mesenchymal expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, which is necessary for branch extension but for not branch initiation. As branches extend, tenascin C (TNC) accumulates in the mesenchyme several cell diameters away from the epithelium. Despite its pattern of accumulation, TNC is expressed exclusively by epithelial cells. Branch extension coincides with deformation of adjacent mesenchymal cells, which correlates with an increase in mesenchymal fluidity at branch tips that may transport TNC away from the epithelium. These data reveal novel epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that direct ECM remodeling during airway branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Spurlin
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael J Siedlik
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bryan A Nerger
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mei-Fong Pang
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sahana Jayaraman
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rawlison Zhang
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA .,Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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58
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Yuan T, Volckaert T, Redente EF, Hopkins S, Klinkhammer K, Wasnick R, Chao CM, Yuan J, Zhang JS, Yao C, Majka S, Stripp BR, Günther A, Riches DWH, Bellusci S, Thannickal VJ, De Langhe SP. FGF10-FGFR2B Signaling Generates Basal Cells and Drives Alveolar Epithelial Regeneration by Bronchial Epithelial Stem Cells after Lung Injury. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1041-1055. [PMID: 31056475 PMCID: PMC6524168 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a common form of interstitial lung disease resulting in alveolar remodeling and progressive loss of pulmonary function because of chronic alveolar injury and failure to regenerate the respiratory epithelium. Histologically, fibrotic lesions and honeycomb structures expressing atypical proximal airway epithelial markers replace alveolar structures, the latter normally lined by alveolar type 1 (AT1) and AT2 cells. Bronchial epithelial stem cells (BESCs) can give rise to AT2 and AT1 cells or honeycomb cysts following bleomycin-mediated lung injury. However, little is known about what controls this binary decision or whether this decision can be reversed. Here we report that inactivation of Fgfr2b in BESCs impairs their contribution to both alveolar epithelial regeneration and honeycomb cysts after bleomycin injury. By contrast overexpression of Fgf10 in BESCs enhances fibrosis resolution by favoring the more desirable outcome of alveolar epithelial regeneration over the development of pathologic honeycomb cysts. Bronchial epithelial stem cells are required for alveolar epithelial regeneration Fgf10-Fgfr2b signaling is required for alveolar type 2 stem cell maintenance Fgfr2b signaling drives alveolar epithelial regeneration by BESCs Fgf10-Fgfr2b promotes basal cell to alveolar type 2 cell differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Denver Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Seantel Hopkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Kylie Klinkhammer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Roxana Wasnick
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Susan Majka
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andreas Günther
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - David W H Riches
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Denver Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA.
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59
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Chao CM, Moiseenko A, Kosanovic D, Rivetti S, El Agha E, Wilhelm J, Kampschulte M, Yahya F, Ehrhardt H, Zimmer KP, Barreto G, Rizvanov AA, Schermuly RT, Reiss I, Morty RE, Rottier RJ, Bellusci S, Zhang JS. Impact of Fgf10 deficiency on pulmonary vasculature formation in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1429-1444. [PMID: 30566624 PMCID: PMC6466116 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by alveoli simplification and dysmorphic pulmonary microvasculature, is a chronic lung disease affecting prematurely born infants. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important BPD feature associated with morbidity and mortality. In human BPD, inflammation leads to decreased fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) expression but the impact on the vasculature is so far unknown. We used lungs from Fgf10+/- versus Fgf10+/+ pups to investigate the effect of Fgf10 deficiency on vascular development in normoxia (NOX) and hyperoxia (HOX, BPD mouse model). To assess the role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (Fgfr2b) ligands independently of early developmentaldefects, we used an inducible double transgenic system in mice allowing inhibition of Fgfr2b ligands activity. Using vascular morphometry, we quantified the pathological changes. Finally, we evaluated changes in FGF10, surfactant protein C (SFTPC), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) and alpha-smooth muscle actin 2 (α-SMA) expression in human lung samples from patients suffering from BPD. In NOX, no major difference in the lung vasculature between Fgf10+/- and control pups was detected. In HOX, a greater loss of blood vessels in Fgf10+/- lungs is associated with an increase of poorly muscularized vessels. Fgfr2b ligands inhibition postnatally in HOX is sufficient to decrease the number of blood vessels while increasing the level of muscularization, suggesting a PH phenotype. BPD lungs exhibited decreased FGF10, SFTPC and PECAM but increased α-SMA. Fgf10 deficiency-associated vascular defects are enhanced in HOX and could represent an additional cause of morbidity in human patients with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Ming Chao
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University and Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
- University Children's Hospital Gießen, Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany. Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Gießen, Germany
| | - Alena Moiseenko
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefano Rivetti
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University and Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig-University, University Hospital Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Faady Yahya
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- University Children's Hospital Gießen, Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany. Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Gießen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- University Children's Hospital Gießen, Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany. Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Gießen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan , Russian Federation
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan , Russian Federation
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Irwin Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Erasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory E Morty
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University and Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan , Russian Federation
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University and Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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60
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Danopoulos S, Shiosaki J, Al Alam D. FGF Signaling in Lung Development and Disease: Human Versus Mouse. Front Genet 2019; 10:170. [PMID: 30930931 PMCID: PMC6423913 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) plays an important role in mouse lung development, injury, and repair. It is considered the main morphogen driving lung branching morphogenesis in rodents. While many studies have found FGF10 SNPs associated with COPD and branch variants in COPD smokers, there is no evidence of a causative role for FGF10 or these SNPs in human lung development and pediatric lung diseases. We and others have shown divergent roles for FGF10 in mouse lung development and early human lung development. Herein, we only review the existing literature on FGF signaling in human lung development and pediatric human lung diseases, comparing what is known in mouse lung to that in human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soula Danopoulos
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Shiosaki
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Hou Z, Wu Q, Sun X, Chen H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Mori M, Yang Y, Que J, Jiang M. Wnt/Fgf crosstalk is required for the specification of basal cells in the mouse trachea. Development 2019; 146:dev.171496. [PMID: 30696710 PMCID: PMC6382003 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Basal progenitor cells are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the tracheal epithelium. However, it remains unclear how these progenitor cells are specified during foregut development. Here, we found that ablation of the Wnt chaperone protein Gpr177 (also known as Wntless) in mouse tracheal epithelium causes a significant reduction in the number of basal progenitor cells accompanied by cartilage loss in Shh-Cre;Gpr177loxp/loxp mutants. Consistent with the association between cartilage and basal cell development, Nkx2.1+p63+ basal cells are co-present with cartilage nodules in Shh-Cre;Ctnnb1DM/loxp mutants, which maintain partial cell-cell adhesion but not the transcription regulation function of β-catenin. More importantly, deletion of Ctnnb1 in the mesenchyme leads to the loss of basal cells and cartilage, concomitant with reduced transcript levels of Fgf10 in Dermo1-Cre;Ctnnb1loxp/loxp mutants. Furthermore, deletion of Fgf receptor 2 (Fgfr2) in the epithelium also leads to significantly reduced numbers of basal cells, supporting the importance of Wnt/Fgf crosstalk in early tracheal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Hou
- Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301700, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | | | - Yu Li
- Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Munemasa Mori
- Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
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62
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Jones MR, Dilai S, Lingampally A, Chao CM, Danopoulos S, Carraro G, Mukhametshina R, Wilhelm J, Baumgart-Vogt E, Al Alam D, Chen C, Minoo P, Zhang JS, Bellusci S. A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2b Signaling on Epithelial Tip Progenitor Cells During Early Mouse Lung Branching Morphogenesis. Front Genet 2019; 9:746. [PMID: 30728831 PMCID: PMC6351499 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that FGF10/FGFR2b signaling on distal epithelial progenitor cells, via ß-catenin/EP300, controls, through a comprehensive set of developmental genes, morphogenesis, and differentiation. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10 signaling through FGF receptor 2b (FGFR2b) is mandatory during early lung development as the deletion of either the ligand or the receptor leads to lung agenesis. However, this drastic phenotype previously hampered characterization of the primary biological activities, immediate downstream targets and mechanisms of action. Through the use of a dominant negative transgenic mouse model (Rosa26rtTA; tet(o)sFgfr2b), we conditionally inhibited FGF10 signaling in vivo in E12.5 embryonic lungs via doxycycline IP injection to pregnant females, and in vitro by culturing control and experimental lungs with doxycycline. The impact on branching morphogenesis 9 h after doxycycline administration was analyzed by morphometry, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Gene arrays at 6 and 9 h following doxycycline administration were carried out. The relationship between FGF10 and ß-catenin signaling was also analyzed through in vitro experiments using IQ1, a pharmacological inhibitor of ß-catenin/EP300 transcriptional activity. Loss of FGF10 signaling did not impact proliferation or survival, but affected both adherens junctions (up-regulation of E-cadherin), and basement membrane organization (increased laminin). Gene arrays identified multiple direct targets of FGF10, including main transcription factors. Immunofluorescence showed a down-regulation of the distal epithelial marker SOX9 and mis-expression distally of the proximal marker SOX2. Staining for the transcriptionally-active form of ß-catenin showed a reduction in experimental vs. control lungs. In vitro experiments using IQ1 phenocopied the impacts of blocking FGF10. This study demonstrates that FGF10/FGFR2b signaling on distal epithelial progenitor cells via ß-catenin/EP300 controls, through a comprehensive set of developmental genes, cell adhesion, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Jones
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Member of the German Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Salma Dilai
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Member of the German Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Arun Lingampally
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Member of the German Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Member of the German Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Regina Mukhametshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Member of the German Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Member of the German Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jin San Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, China.,International Collaborative Research Center on Growth Factors, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Member of the German Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, China.,International Collaborative Research Center on Growth Factors, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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63
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Volckaert T, Yuan T, Yuan J, Boateng E, Hopkins S, Zhang JS, Thannickal VJ, Fässler R, De Langhe SP. Hippo signaling promotes lung epithelial lineage commitment by curbing Fgf10 and β-catenin signaling. Development 2019; 146:146/2/dev166454. [PMID: 30651296 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organ growth and tissue homeostasis rely on the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cell populations. In the developing lung, localized Fgf10 expression maintains distal Sox9-expressing epithelial progenitors and promotes basal cell differentiation in the cartilaginous airways. Mesenchymal Fgf10 expression is induced by Wnt signaling but inhibited by Shh signaling, and epithelial Fgf10 signaling activates β-catenin signaling. The Hippo pathway is a well-conserved signaling cascade that regulates organ size and stem/progenitor cell behavior. Here, we show that Hippo signaling promotes lineage commitment of lung epithelial progenitors by curbing Fgf10 and β-catenin signaling. Our findings show that both inactivation of the Hippo pathway (nuclear Yap) or ablation of Yap result in increased β-catenin and Fgf10 signaling, suggesting a cytoplasmic role for Yap in epithelial lineage commitment. We further demonstrate redundant and non-redundant functions for the two nuclear effectors of the Hippo pathway, Yap and Taz, during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Eistine Boateng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Seantel Hopkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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64
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Image-based modeling of kidney branching morphogenesis reveals GDNF-RET based Turing-type mechanism and pattern-modulating WNT11 feedback. Nat Commun 2019; 10:239. [PMID: 30651543 PMCID: PMC6484223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching patterns and regulatory networks differ between branched organs. It has remained unclear whether a common regulatory mechanism exists and how organ-specific patterns can emerge. Of all previously proposed signalling-based mechanisms, only a ligand-receptor-based Turing mechanism based on FGF10 and SHH quantitatively recapitulates the lung branching patterns. We now show that a GDNF-dependent ligand-receptor-based Turing mechanism quantitatively recapitulates branching of cultured wildtype and mutant ureteric buds, and achieves similar branching patterns when directing domain outgrowth in silico. We further predict and confirm experimentally that the kidney-specific positive feedback between WNT11 and GDNF permits the dense packing of ureteric tips. We conclude that the ligand-receptor based Turing mechanism presents a common regulatory mechanism for lungs and kidneys, despite the differences in the molecular implementation. Given its flexibility and robustness, we expect that the ligand-receptor-based Turing mechanism constitutes a likely general mechanism to guide branching morphogenesis and other symmetry breaks during organogenesis. Many organs develop through branching morphogenesis, but whether the underlying mechanisms are shared is unknown. Here, the authors show that a ligand-receptor based Turing mechanisms, similar to that observed in lung development, likely underlies branching morphogenesis of the kidney.
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65
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Loering S, Cameron GJM, Starkey MR, Hansbro PM. Lung development and emerging roles for type 2 immunity. J Pathol 2019; 247:686-696. [PMID: 30506724 DOI: 10.1002/path.5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung development is a complex process mediated through the interaction of multiple cell types, factors and mediators. In mice, it starts as early as embryonic day 9 and continues into early adulthood. The process can be separated into five different developmental stages: embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar. Whilst lung bud formation and branching morphogenesis have been studied extensively, the mechanisms of alveolarisation are incompletely understood. Aberrant lung development can lead to deleterious consequences for respiratory health such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease primarily affecting preterm neonates, which is characterised by increased pulmonary inflammation and disturbed alveolarisation. While the deleterious effects of type 1-mediated inflammatory responses on lung development have been well established, the role of type 2 responses in postnatal lung development remains poorly understood. Recent studies indicate that type 2-associated immune cells, such as group 2 innate lymphoid cells and alveolar macrophages, are increased in number during postnatal alveolarisation. Here, we present the current state of understanding of the postnatal stages of lung development and the key cell types and mediators known to be involved. We also provide an overview of how stem cells are involved in lung development and regeneration, and the negative influences of respiratory infections. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Loering
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy J M Cameron
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Center for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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66
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Lang C, Conrad L, Michos O. Mathematical Approaches of Branching Morphogenesis. Front Genet 2018; 9:673. [PMID: 30631344 PMCID: PMC6315180 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organs require a high surface to volume ratio to properly function. Lungs and kidneys, for example, achieve this by creating highly branched tubular structures during a developmental process called branching morphogenesis. The genes that control lung and kidney branching share a similar network structure that is based on ligand-receptor reciprocal signalling interactions between the epithelium and the surrounding mesenchyme. Nevertheless, the temporal and spatial development of the branched epithelial trees differs, resulting in organs of distinct shape and size. In the embryonic lung, branching morphogenesis highly depends on FGF10 signalling, whereas GDNF is the driving morphogen in the kidney. Knockout of Fgf10 and Gdnf leads to lung and kidney agenesis, respectively. However, FGF10 plays a significant role during kidney branching and both the FGF10 and GDNF pathway converge on the transcription factors ETV4/5. Although the involved signalling proteins have been defined, the underlying mechanism that controls lung and kidney branching morphogenesis is still elusive. A wide range of modelling approaches exists that differ not only in the mathematical framework (e.g., stochastic or deterministic) but also in the spatial scale (e.g., cell or tissue level). Due to advancing imaging techniques, image-based modelling approaches have proven to be a valuable method for investigating the control of branching events with respect to organ-specific properties. Here, we review several mathematical models on lung and kidney branching morphogenesis and suggest that a ligand-receptor-based Turing model represents a potential candidate for a general but also adaptive mechanism to control branching morphogenesis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Odyssé Michos
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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67
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Danopoulos S, Thornton ME, Grubbs BH, Frey MR, Warburton D, Bellusci S, Al Alam D. Discordant roles for FGF ligands in lung branching morphogenesis between human and mouse. J Pathol 2018; 247:254-265. [PMID: 30357827 DOI: 10.1002/path.5188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling plays an important role in lung organogenesis. Over recent decades, FGF signaling in lung development has been extensively studied in animal models. However, little is known about the expression, localization, and functional roles of FGF ligands during human fetal lung development. Therefore, we aimed to determine the expression and function of several FGF ligands and receptors in human lung development. Using in situ hybridization (ISH) and RNA sequencing, we assessed their expression and distribution in native human fetal lung. Human fetal lung explants were treated with recombinant FGF7, FGF9, or FGF10 in air-liquid interface culture. Explants were analyzed grossly to observe differences in branching pattern as well as at the cellular and molecular level. ISH demonstrated that FGF7 is expressed in both the epithelium and mesenchyme; FGF9 is mainly localized in the distal epithelium, whereas FGF10 demonstrated diffuse expression throughout the parenchyma, with some expression in the smooth muscle cells (SMCs). FGFR2 expression was high in both proximal and distal epithelial cells as well as the SMCs. FGFR3 was expressed mostly in the epithelial cells, with lower expression in the mesenchyme, while FGFR4 was highly expressed throughout the mesenchyme and in the distal epithelium. Using recombinant FGFs, we demonstrated that FGF7 and FGF9 had similar effects on human fetal lung as on mouse fetal lung; however, FGF10 caused the human explants to expand and form cysts as opposed to inducing epithelial branching as seen in the mouse. In conjunction with decreased branching, treatment with recombinant FGF7, FGF9, and FGF10 also resulted in decreased double-positive SOX2/SOX9 progenitor cells, which are exclusively present in the distal epithelial tips in early human fetal lung. Although FGF ligand localization may be somewhat comparable between developing mouse and human lungs, their functional roles may differ substantially. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soula Danopoulos
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Warburton
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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68
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Watson J, Francavilla C. Regulation of FGF10 Signaling in Development and Disease. Front Genet 2018; 9:500. [PMID: 30405705 PMCID: PMC6205963 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) is a multifunctional mesenchymal-epithelial signaling growth factor, which is essential for multi-organ development and tissue homeostasis in adults. Furthermore, FGF10 deregulation has been associated with human genetic disorders and certain forms of cancer. Upon binding to FGF receptors with heparan sulfate as co-factor, FGF10 activates several intracellular signaling cascades, resulting in cell proliferation, differentiation, and invasion. FGF10 activity is modulated not only by heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix, but also by hormones and other soluble factors. Despite more than 20 years of research on FGF10 functions, context-dependent regulation of FGF10 signaling specificity remains poorly understood. Emerging modes of FGF10 signaling regulation will be described, focusing on the role of FGF10 trafficking and sub-cellular localization, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and miRNAs. Systems biology approaches based on quantitative proteomics will be considered for globally investigating FGF10 signaling specificity. Finally, current gaps in our understanding of FGF10 functions, such as the relative contribution of receptor isoforms to signaling activation, will be discussed in the context of genetic disorders and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Watson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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69
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Yuan T, Volckaert T, Chanda D, Thannickal VJ, De Langhe SP. Fgf10 Signaling in Lung Development, Homeostasis, Disease, and Repair After Injury. Front Genet 2018; 9:418. [PMID: 30319693 PMCID: PMC6167454 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is morphologically structured into a complex tree-like network with branched airways ending distally in a large number of alveoli for efficient oxygen exchange. At the cellular level, the adult lung consists of at least 40–60 different cell types which can be broadly classified into epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) located in the lung mesenchyme is essential to regulate epithelial proliferation and lineage commitment during embryonic development and post-natal life, and to drive epithelial regeneration after injury. The cells that express Fgf10 in the mesenchyme are progenitors for mesenchymal cell lineages during embryonic development. During adult lung homeostasis, Fgf10 is expressed in mesenchymal stromal niches, between cartilage rings in the upper conducting airways where basal cells normally reside, and in the lipofibroblasts adjacent to alveolar type 2 cells. Fgf10 protects and promotes lung epithelial regeneration after different types of lung injuries. An Fgf10-Hippo epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk ensures maintenance of stemness and quiescence during homeostasis and basal stem cell (BSC) recruitment to further promote regeneration in response to injury. Fgf10 signaling is dysregulated in different human lung diseases including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), suggesting that dysregulation of the FGF10 pathway is critical to the pathogenesis of several human lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, United States
| | - Thomas Volckaert
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, United States
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, United States
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, United States
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70
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Anxa4 mediated airway progenitor cell migration promotes distal epithelial cell fate specification. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14344. [PMID: 30254199 PMCID: PMC6156511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have shown that FGF10/FGFR2 signaling is required for airway branching morphogenesis and FGF10 functions as a chemoattractant factor for distal epithelial cells during lung development. However, the detail downstream cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Using live imaging of ex vivo cultured lungs, we found that tip airway epithelial progenitor cells migrate faster than cleft cells during airway bud formation and this migration process is controlled by FGFR2-mediated ERK1/2 signaling. Additionally, we found that airway progenitor cells that migrate faster tend to become distal airway progenitor cells. We identified that Anxa4 is a downstream target of ERK1/2 signaling. Anxa4-/- airway epithelial cells exhibit a "lag-behind" behavior and tend to stay at the stalk airways. Moreover, we found that Anxa4-overexpressing cells tend to migrate to the bud tips. Finally, we demonstrated that Anxa4 functions redundantly with Anxa1 and Anxa6 in regulating endoderm budding process. Our study demonstrates that ERK1/2/Anxa4 signaling plays a role in promoting the migration of airway epithelial progenitor cells to distal airway tips and ensuring their distal cell fate.
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71
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Chanda D, Otoupalova E, Smith SR, Volckaert T, De Langhe SP, Thannickal VJ. Developmental pathways in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:56-69. [PMID: 30130563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and terminal lung disease with no known cure. IPF is a disease of aging, with median age of diagnosis over 65 years. Median survival is between 3 and 5 years after diagnosis. IPF is characterized primarily by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by activated lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, resulting in reduced gas exchange and impaired pulmonary function. Growing evidence supports the concept of a pro-fibrotic environment orchestrated by underlying factors such as genetic predisposition, chronic injury and aging, oxidative stress, and impaired regenerative responses may account for disease development and persistence. Currently, two FDA approved drugs have limited efficacy in the treatment of IPF. Many of the genes and gene networks associated with lung development are induced or activated in IPF. In this review, we analyze current knowledge in the field, gained from both basic and clinical research, to provide new insights into the disease process, and potential approaches to treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Eva Otoupalova
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Thomas Volckaert
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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72
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Powers N, Srivastava A. The Air Sac Primordium of Drosophila: A Model for Invasive Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072074. [PMID: 30018198 PMCID: PMC6073991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of invasive properties preceding tumor metastasis is critical for cancer progression. This phenomenon may result from mutagenic disruption of typical cell function, but recent evidence suggests that cancer cells frequently co-opt normal developmental programs to facilitate invasion as well. The signaling cascades that have been implicated present an obstacle to identifying effective therapeutic targets because of their complex nature and modulatory capacity through crosstalk with other pathways. Substantial efforts have been made to study invasive behavior during organogenesis in several organisms, but another model found in Drosophilamelanogaster has not been thoroughly explored. The air sac primordium (ASP) appears to be a suitable candidate for investigating the genes and morphogens required for invasion due to the distinct overlap in the events that occur during its normal growth and the development of metastatic tumor cells. Among these events are the conversion of larval cells in the trachea into a population of mitotically active cells, reduced cell–cell contact along the leading edge of the ASP, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the structure. Here, we summarize the development of ASPs and invasive behavior observed therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Powers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, TCCW 351, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
| | - Ajay Srivastava
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, TCCW 351, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
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73
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Huang M, He H, Belenkaya T, Lin X. Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210781. [PMID: 29700203 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have been shown to regulate various developmental processes. However, the function of heparan sulfate (HS) during the development of mammalian stomach has not been characterized yet. Here, we investigate the role of epithelial HS in embryonic stomach by examining mice deficient in the glycosyltransferase gene Ext1 We show that HS exhibits a specific and dynamic expression pattern in mouse embryonic stomach. Depletion of the epithelial HS leads to stomach hypoplasia, with phenotypic differences in the gastric mucosa between the forestomach and hindstomach. In the posterior stomach, HS depletion disrupts glandular stomach patterning and cytodifferentiation via attenuation of Fgf signaling activity. Inhibition of Fgf signaling in vitro recapitulates the patterning defect. Ligand and carbohydrate engagement assay (LACE) reveals a diminished assembly of Fgf10 and Fgfr2b in the mutant. In the anterior stomach, loss of epithelial HS leads to stratification and differentiation defects of the multilayered squamous epithelium, along with reduced Hh and Bmp signaling activity. Our data demonstrate that epithelial HS plays multiple roles in regulating mammalian stomach morphogenesis in a regional-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tatyana Belenkaya
- Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xinhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China .,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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74
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Ostrin EJ, Little DR, Gerner-Mauro KN, Sumner EA, Ríos-Corzo R, Ambrosio E, Holt SE, Forcioli-Conti N, Akiyama H, Hanash SM, Kimura S, Huang SXL, Chen J. β-Catenin maintains lung epithelial progenitors after lung specification. Development 2018; 145:dev.160788. [PMID: 29440304 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The entire lung epithelium arises from SRY box 9 (SOX9)-expressing progenitors that form the respiratory tree and differentiate into airway and alveolar cells. Despite progress in understanding their initial specification within the embryonic foregut, how these progenitors are subsequently maintained is less clear. Using inducible, progenitor-specific genetic mosaic mouse models, we showed that β-catenin (CTNNB1) maintains lung progenitors by promoting a hierarchical lung progenitor gene signature, suppressing gastrointestinal (GI) genes, and regulating NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1) and SRY box 2 (SOX2) in a developmental stage-dependent manner. At the early, but not later, stage post-lung specification, CTNNB1 cell-autonomously maintained normal NKX2.1 expression levels and suppressed ectopic SOX2 expression. Genetic epistasis analyses revealed that CTNNB1 is required for fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)/Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Kras)-mediated promotion of the progenitors. In silico screening of Eurexpress and translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP)-RNAseq identified a progenitor gene signature, a subset of which depends on CTNNB1. Wnt signaling also maintained NKX2.1 expression and suppressed GI genes in cultured human lung progenitors derived from embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of General Internal Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Danielle R Little
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kamryn N Gerner-Mauro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Sumner
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ricardo Ríos-Corzo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ambrosio
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
| | - Samantha E Holt
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Nicolas Forcioli-Conti
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopedics, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sam M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah X L Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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75
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Li J, Wang Z, Chu Q, Jiang K, Li J, Tang N. The Strength of Mechanical Forces Determines the Differentiation of Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Dev Cell 2018; 44:297-312.e5. [PMID: 29408236 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of alveolar epithelial type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells is essential for the lung gas exchange function. Disruption of this process results in neonatal death or in severe lung diseases that last into adulthood. We developed live imaging techniques to characterize the mechanisms that control alveolar epithelial cell differentiation. We discovered that mechanical forces generated from the inhalation of amniotic fluid by fetal breathing movements are essential for AT1 cell differentiation. We found that a large subset of alveolar progenitor cells is able to protrude from the airway epithelium toward the mesenchyme in an FGF10/FGFR2 signaling-dependent manner. The cell protrusion process results in enrichment of myosin in the apical region of protruded cells; this myosin prevents these cells from being flattened by mechanical forces, thereby ensuring their AT2 cell fate. Our study demonstrates that mechanical forces and local growth factors synergistically control alveolar epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiqi Chu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
| | - Kewu Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
| | - Juan Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
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76
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Generation of a biotinylatable Sox2 mouse model to identify Sox2 complexes in vivo. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:75-85. [PMID: 29383478 PMCID: PMC5847153 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sox2 is a Sry-box containing family member of related transcription factors sharing homology in their DNA binding domain. Sox2 is important during different stages of development, and previously we showed that Sox2 plays an important role in branching morphogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation in lung development. The transcriptional activity of Sox2 depends on its interaction with other proteins, leading to ‘complex-specific’ DNA binding and transcriptional regulation. In this study, we generated a mouse model containing a biotinylatable-tag targeted at the translational start site of the endogenous Sox2 gene (bioSox2). This tag was biotinylated by the bacterial birA protein and the resulting bioSox2 protein was used to identify associating partners of Sox2 at different phases of lung development in vivo (the Sox2 interactome). Homozygous bioSox2 mice are viable and fertile irrespective of the biotinylation of the bio tag, indicating that the bioSox2 gene is normally expressed and the protein is functional in all tissues. This suggests that partners of Sox2 are most likely able to associate with the bioSox2 protein. BioSox2 complexes were isolated with high affinity using streptavidin beads and analysed by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry analysis. Several of the identified binding partners are already shown to have a respiratory phenotype. Two of these partners, Wdr5 and Tcf3, were validated to confirm their association in Sox2 complexes. This bioSox2 mouse model will be a valuable tool for isolating in vivo Sox2 complexes from different tissues.
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77
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Liang S, Johansson E, Barila G, Altschuler DL, Fagman H, Nilsson M. A branching morphogenesis program governs embryonic growth of the thyroid gland. Development 2018; 145:dev.146829. [PMID: 29361553 PMCID: PMC5825846 DOI: 10.1242/dev.146829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developmental program that regulates thyroid progenitor cell proliferation is largely unknown. Here, we show that branching-like morphogenesis is a driving force to attain final size of the embryonic thyroid gland in mice. Sox9, a key factor in branching organ development, distinguishes Nkx2-1+ cells in the thyroid bud from the progenitors that originally form the thyroid placode in anterior endoderm. As lobes develop the thyroid primordial tissue branches several generations. Sox9 and Fgfr2b are co-expressed distally in the branching epithelium prior to folliculogenesis. The thyroid in Fgf10 null mutants has a normal shape but is severely hypoplastic. Absence of Fgf10 leads to defective branching and disorganized angiofollicular units although Sox9/Fgfr2b expression and the ability of cells to differentiate and form nascent follicles are not impaired. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of thyroid development reminiscent of the Fgf10-Sox9 program that characterizes organogenesis in classical branching organs, and provide clues to aid understanding of how the endocrine thyroid gland once evolved from an exocrine ancestor present in the invertebrate endostyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Liang
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ellen Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Barila
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel L Altschuler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41345, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
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78
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Human airway branch variation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E974-E981. [PMID: 29339516 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715564115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) beyond cigarette smoking is incompletely understood, although several genetic variants associated with COPD are known to regulate airway branch development. We demonstrate that in vivo central airway branch variants are present in 26.5% of the general population, are unchanged over 10 y, and exhibit strong familial aggregation. The most common airway branch variant is associated with COPD in two cohorts (n = 5,054), with greater central airway bifurcation density, and with emphysema throughout the lung. The second most common airway branch variant is associated with COPD among smokers, with narrower airway lumens in all lobes, and with genetic polymorphisms within the FGF10 gene. We conclude that central airway branch variation, readily detected by computed tomography, is a biomarker of widely altered lung structure with a genetic basis and represents a COPD susceptibility factor.
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79
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Developmental mechanisms and adult stem cells for therapeutic lung regeneration. Dev Biol 2018; 433:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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80
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Leblanc C, Baron M, Desselas E, Phan MH, Rybak A, Thouvenin G, Lauby C, Irtan S. Congenital pulmonary airway malformations: state-of-the-art review for pediatrician's use. Eur J Pediatr 2017; 176:1559-1571. [PMID: 29046943 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Congenital pulmonary airway malformations or CPAM are rare developmental lung malformations, leading to cystic and/or adenomatous pulmonary areas. Nowadays, CPAM are diagnosed prenatally, improving the prenatal and immediate postnatal care and ultimately the knowledge on CPAM pathophysiology. CPAM natural evolution can lead to infections or malignancies, whose exact prevalence is still difficult to assess. The aim of this "state-of-the-art" review is to cover the recently published literature on CPAM management whether the pulmonary lesion was detected during pregnancy or after birth, the current indications of surgery or surveillance and finally its potential evolution to pleuro-pulmonary blastoma. CONCLUSION Surgery remains the cornerstone treatment of symptomatic lesions but the postnatal management of asymptomatic CPAM remains controversial. There are pros and cons of surgical resection, as increasing rate of infections over time renders the surgery more difficult after months or years of evolution, as well as risk of malignancy, though exact incidence is still unknown. What is known: • Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) are rare developmental lung malformations mainly antenatally diagnosed. • While the neonatal management of symptomatic CPAM is clear and includes prompt surgery, controversies remain for asymptomatic CPAM due to risk of infections and malignancies. What is new: • Increased rate of infection over time renders the surgery more difficult after months or years of evolution and pushes for recommendation of early elective surgery. • New molecular or pathological pathways may help in the distinction of type 4 CPAM from type I pleuropulmonary blastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leblanc
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Marguerite Baron
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Desselas
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Minh Hanh Phan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Rybak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Thouvenin
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France.,UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche St Antoine Inserm UMRS.938, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Clara Lauby
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Irtan
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de Recherche St Antoine Inserm UMRS.938, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France. .,Department of Pediatric Surgery, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012, Paris, France.
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81
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Emergence of a Wave of Wnt Signaling that Regulates Lung Alveologenesis by Controlling Epithelial Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2312-2325. [PMID: 27880906 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveologenesis is the culmination of lung development and involves the correct temporal and spatial signals to generate the delicate gas exchange interface required for respiration. Using a Wnt-signaling reporter system, we demonstrate the emergence of a Wnt-responsive alveolar epithelial cell sublineage, which arises during alveologenesis, called the axin2+ alveolar type 2 cell, or AT2Axin2. The number of AT2Axin2 cells increases substantially during late lung development, correlating with a wave of Wnt signaling during alveologenesis. Transcriptome analysis, in vivo clonal analysis, and ex vivo lung organoid assays reveal that AT2sAxin2 promote enhanced AT2 cell growth during generation of the alveolus. Activating Wnt signaling results in the expansion of AT2s, whereas inhibition of Wnt signaling inhibits AT2 cell development and shunts alveolar epithelial development toward the alveolar type 1 cell lineage. These findings reveal a wave of Wnt-dependent AT2 expansion required for lung alveologenesis and maturation.
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82
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Volckaert T, Yuan T, Chao CM, Bell H, Sitaula A, Szimmtenings L, El Agha E, Chanda D, Majka S, Bellusci S, Thannickal VJ, Fässler R, De Langhe SP. Fgf10-Hippo Epithelial-Mesenchymal Crosstalk Maintains and Recruits Lung Basal Stem Cells. Dev Cell 2017; 43:48-59.e5. [PMID: 29017029 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lung harbors its basal stem/progenitor cells (BSCs) in the protected environment of the cartilaginous airways. After major lung injuries, BSCs are activated and recruited to sites of injury. Here, we show that during homeostasis, BSCs in cartilaginous airways maintain their stem cell state by downregulating the Hippo pathway (resulting in increased nuclear Yap), which generates a localized Fgf10-expressing stromal niche; in contrast, differentiated epithelial cells in non-cartilaginous airways maintain quiescence by activating the Hippo pathway and inhibiting Fgf10 expression in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). However, upon injury, surviving differentiated epithelial cells spread to maintain barrier function and recruit integrin-linked kinase to adhesion sites, which leads to Merlin degradation, downregulation of the Hippo pathway, nuclear Yap translocation, and expression and secretion of Wnt7b. Epithelial-derived Wnt7b, then in turn, induces Fgf10 expression in ASMCs, which extends the BSC niche to promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Harold Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Alina Sitaula
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Luisa Szimmtenings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Elie El Agha
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Susan Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA; Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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83
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Ho UY, Wainwright BJ. Patched1 patterns Fibroblast growth factor 10 and Forkhead box F1 expression during pulmonary branch formation. Mech Dev 2017; 147:37-48. [PMID: 28939119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signalling, Fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) and Forkhead box F1 (Foxf1) are each individually important for directing pulmonary branch formation but their interactions are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that Hh signalling is vital in regulating Foxf1 and Fgf10 expression during branching. The Hedgehog receptor Patched1 (Ptch1) was conditionally inactivated in the lung mesenchyme by Dermo1-Cre in vivo or using a recombinant Cre recombinase protein (HNCre) in lung cultures resulting in cell autonomous activation of Hh signalling. Homozygous mesenchymal Ptch1 deleted embryos (Dermo1Cre+/-;Ptch1lox/lox) showed secondary branching and lobe formation defects. Fgf10 expression is spatially reduced in the distal tip of Dermo1Cre+/-;Ptch1lox/lox lungs and addition of Fgf10 recombinant protein to these lungs in culture has shown partial restoration of branching, indicating Ptch1 function patterns Fgf10 to direct lung branching. Foxf1 expression is upregulated in Dermo1Cre+/-;Ptch1lox/lox lungs, suggesting Foxf1 may mediate Hh signalling effects in the lung mesenchyme. In vitro HNCre-mediated Ptch1 deleted lung explants support the in vivo observations, with evidence of mesenchyme hyperproliferation and this is consistent with the previously reported role of Hh signalling in maintaining mesenchymal cell survival. Consequently it is concluded that during early pseudoglandular stage of lung development Ptch1 patterns Fgf10 and regulates Foxf1 expression in the lung mesenchyme to direct branch formation and this is essential for proper lobe formation and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uda Y Ho
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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84
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Garg A, Zhang X. Lacrimal gland development: From signaling interactions to regenerative medicine. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:970-980. [PMID: 28710815 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland plays a pivotal role in keeping the ocular surface lubricated, and protecting it from environmental exposure and insult. Dysfunction of the lacrimal gland results in deficiency of the aqueous component of the tear film, which can cause dryness of the ocular surface, also known as the aqueous-deficient dry eye disease. Left untreated, this disease can lead to significant morbidity, including frequent eye infections, corneal ulcerations, and vision loss. Current therapies do not treat the underlying deficiency of the lacrimal gland, but merely provide symptomatic relief. To develop more sustainable and physiological therapies, such as in vivo lacrimal gland regeneration or bioengineered lacrimal gland implants, a thorough understanding of lacrimal gland development at the molecular level is of paramount importance. Based on the structural and functional similarities between rodent and human eye development, extensive studies have been undertaken to investigate the signaling and transcriptional mechanisms of lacrimal gland development using mouse as a model system. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the extrinsic signaling interactions and the intrinsic transcriptional network governing lacrimal gland morphogenesis, as well as recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine aimed at treating dry eye disease. Developmental Dynamics 246:970-980, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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85
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Tsuji M, Morishima M, Shimizu K, Morikawa S, Heglind M, Enerbäck S, Ezaki T, Tamaoki J. Foxc2influences alveolar epithelial cell differentiation during lung development. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:501-514. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayoko Tsuji
- First Department of Medicine; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masae Morishima
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shimizu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shunichi Morikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mikael Heglind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Taichi Ezaki
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun Tamaoki
- First Department of Medicine; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
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86
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Nikolić MZ, Caritg O, Jeng Q, Johnson JA, Sun D, Howell KJ, Brady JL, Laresgoiti U, Allen G, Butler R, Zilbauer M, Giangreco A, Rawlins EL. Human embryonic lung epithelial tips are multipotent progenitors that can be expanded in vitro as long-term self-renewing organoids. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28665271 PMCID: PMC5555721 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic mouse lung is a widely used substitute for human lung development. For example, attempts to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells to lung epithelium rely on passing through progenitor states that have only been described in mouse. The tip epithelium of the branching mouse lung is a multipotent progenitor pool that self-renews and produces differentiating descendants. We hypothesized that the human distal tip epithelium is an analogous progenitor population and tested this by examining morphology, gene expression and in vitro self-renewal and differentiation capacity of human tips. These experiments confirm that human and mouse tips are analogous and identify signalling pathways that are sufficient for long-term self-renewal of human tips as differentiation-competent organoids. Moreover, we identify mouse-human differences, including markers that define progenitor states and signalling requirements for long-term self-renewal. Our organoid system provides a genetically-tractable tool that will allow these human-specific features of lung development to be investigated. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26575.001 Degenerative lung disease occurs when the structure of the lungs breaks down, which makes it harder to get enough oxygen into the bloodstream. Most, but not all, cases occur in smokers and ex-smokers or people who have been exposed to a lot of air pollution. Currently, there is no way to reverse the damage, and even slowing the progress of the disease is extremely difficult. Some researchers are looking for ways to treat patients with degenerative lung diseases by regenerating the surface of their lungs. However, it is still not clear what the most effective route towards this long-term goal will be. One approach to lung regeneration is to use findings from developmental biology to understand how embryos normally build the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs. This knowledge may allow scientists to trigger a similar process in an adult lung to renew or replace any diseased tissue. Alternatively, cells could be collected from patients, reprogrammed and then coaxed into becoming a gas exchange surface in the laboratory. Such a “lung-in-a-dish” could be used to understand how degenerative diseases develop, to discover and test new drugs, or even to treat the patient directly via a transplant. To date, the embryonic development of lungs has mostly been studied using mouse lungs as a model system. However, it was not clear if human lungs actually develop in similar ways to mouse lungs, and whether using mice is a valid research strategy. Nikolić et al. compared embryonic lungs from humans and mice and showed that they are indeed very similar in terms of the cell types that they contain and how they mature. However, some key differences were identified that can only be explored in human cells and tissue. Nikolić et al. went on to identify conditions that allowed them to grow cells from human embryonic lungs indefinitely in a dish. These cells can now be used to investigate the aspects of lung development that are specific to humans. Together these findings provide a useful guide to allow scientists to coax human cells growing in a laboratory to become lung cells. Further improvements to this process will make the lungs-in-a-dish more true to the real organs, meaning that they could be used to better understand lung disease and identify new medicines. In the longer term, Nikolić et al. hope to gain enough insight from the human lung-in-a-dish model to eventually be able to regenerate the lungs of patients with degenerative lung disease. However, this possibility is still many years away. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26575.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Z Nikolić
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oriol Caritg
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Quitz Jeng
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jo-Anne Johnson
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J Howell
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane L Brady
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Usua Laresgoiti
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George Allen
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Butler
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Cambridge and Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Giangreco
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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87
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Hackett TL, Ferrante SC, Hoptay CE, Engelhardt JF, Ingram JL, Zhang Y, Alcala SE, Shaheen F, Matz E, Pillai DK, Freishtat RJ. A Heterotopic Xenograft Model of Human Airways for Investigating Fibrosis in Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:291-299. [PMID: 27788019 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0065ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited in vivo models exist to investigate the lung airway epithelial role in repair, regeneration, and pathology of chronic lung diseases. Herein, we introduce a novel animal model in asthma-a xenograft system integrating a differentiating human asthmatic airway epithelium with an actively remodeling rodent mesenchyme in an immunocompromised murine host. Human asthmatic and nonasthmatic airway epithelial cells were seeded into decellularized rat tracheas. Tracheas were ligated to a sterile cassette and implanted subcutaneously in the flanks of nude mice. Grafts were harvested at 2, 4, or 6 weeks for tissue histology, fibrillar collagen, and transforming growth factor-β activation analysis. We compared immunostaining in these xenografts to human lungs. Grafted epithelial cells generated a differentiated epithelium containing basal, ciliated, and mucus-expressing cells. By 4 weeks postengraftment, asthmatic epithelia showed decreased numbers of ciliated cells and decreased E-cadherin expression compared with nonasthmatic grafts, similar to human lungs. Grafts seeded with asthmatic epithelial cells had three times more fibrillar collagen and induction of transforming growth factor-β isoforms at 6 weeks postengraftment compared with nonasthmatic grafts. Asthmatic epithelium alone is sufficient to drive aberrant mesenchymal remodeling with fibrillar collagen deposition in asthmatic xenografts. Moreover, this xenograft system represents an advance over current asthma models in that it permits direct assessment of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillie-Louise Hackett
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Claire E Hoptay
- 3 Children's Research Institute: Center for Genetic Medicine Research
| | - John F Engelhardt
- 4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Jennifer L Ingram
- 5 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yulong Zhang
- 4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Sarah E Alcala
- 3 Children's Research Institute: Center for Genetic Medicine Research
| | - Furquan Shaheen
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ethan Matz
- 2 Department of Integrative Systems Biology and
| | - Dinesh K Pillai
- 2 Department of Integrative Systems Biology and.,7 Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C.,6 Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, and
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- 2 Department of Integrative Systems Biology and.,7 Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C.,8 Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C
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88
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Hagiwara M, Maruta N, Marumoto M. In Vitro Experimental Model for the Long-Term Analysis of Cellular Dynamics During Bronchial Tree Development from Lung Epithelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:323-332. [PMID: 28471293 PMCID: PMC5510150 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung branching morphogenesis has been studied for decades, but the underlying developmental mechanisms are still not fully understood. Cellular movements dynamically change during the branching process, but it is difficult to observe long-term cellular dynamics by in vivo or tissue culture experiments. Therefore, developing an in vitro experimental model of bronchial tree would provide an essential tool for developmental biology, pathology, and systems biology. In this study, we succeeded in reconstructing a bronchial tree in vitro by using primary human bronchial epithelial cells. A high concentration gradient of bronchial epithelial cells was required for branching initiation, whereas homogeneously distributed endothelial cells induced the formation of successive branches. Subsequently, the branches grew in size to the order of millimeter. The developed model contains only two types of cells and it facilitates the analysis of lung branching morphogenesis. By taking advantage of our experimental model, we carried out long-term time-lapse observations, which revealed self-assembly, collective migration with leader cells, rotational motion, and spiral motion of epithelial cells in each developmental event. Mathematical simulation was also carried out to analyze the self-assembly process and it revealed simple rules that govern cellular dynamics. Our experimental model has provided many new insights into lung development and it has the potential to accelerate the study of developmental mechanisms, pattern formation, left–right asymmetry, and disease pathogenesis of the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Hagiwara
- 1 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Maruta
- 2 Department of Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka, Japan .,3 Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Moegi Marumoto
- 2 Department of Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka, Japan
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89
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Efficient Derivation of Functional Human Airway Epithelium from Pluripotent Stem Cells via Temporal Regulation of Wnt Signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:844-857.e6. [PMID: 28366587 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective derivation of functional airway organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would provide valuable models of lung disease and facilitate precision therapies for airway disorders such as cystic fibrosis. However, limited understanding of human airway patterning has made this goal challenging. Here, we show that cyclical modulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway enables rapid directed differentiation of human iPSCs via an NKX2-1+ progenitor intermediate into functional proximal airway organoids. We find that human NKX2-1+ progenitors have high levels of Wnt activation but respond intrinsically to decreases in Wnt signaling by rapidly patterning into proximal airway lineages at the expense of distal fates. Using this directed approach, we were able to generate cystic fibrosis patient-specific iPSC-derived airway organoids with a defect in forskolin-induced swelling that is rescued by gene editing to correct the disease mutation. Our approach has many potential applications in modeling and drug screening for airway diseases.
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90
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Balasooriya GI, Goschorska M, Piddini E, Rawlins EL. FGFR2 is required for airway basal cell self-renewal and terminal differentiation. Development 2017; 144:1600-1606. [PMID: 28348168 PMCID: PMC5450841 DOI: 10.1242/dev.135681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Airway stem cells slowly self-renew and produce differentiated progeny to maintain homeostasis throughout the lifespan of an individual. Mutations in the molecular regulators of these processes may drive cancer or degenerative disease, but are also potential therapeutic targets. Conditionally deleting one copy of FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) in adult mouse airway basal cells results in self-renewal and differentiation phenotypes. We show that FGFR2 signalling correlates with maintenance of expression of a key transcription factor for basal cell self-renewal and differentiation: SOX2. This heterozygous phenotype illustrates that subtle changes in receptor tyrosine kinase signalling can have significant effects, perhaps providing an explanation for the numerous changes seen in cancer. Summary: During adult airway epithelial homeostasis in mice, FGFR2 signalling is required for self-renewing divisions of basal stem cells and to maintain expression of the key transcription factor SOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayan I Balasooriya
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Maja Goschorska
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK .,Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
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91
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Homeobox, Wnt, and Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling is Augmented During Alveogenesis in Mice Lacking Superoxide Dismutase 3, Extracellular. Lung 2017; 195:263-270. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-9980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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92
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Turcatel G, Millette K, Thornton M, Leguizamon S, Grubbs B, Shi W, Warburton D. Cartilage rings contribute to the proper embryonic tracheal epithelial differentiation, metabolism, and expression of inflammatory genes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L196-L207. [PMID: 27941074 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00127.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling cross talk between the tracheal mesenchyme and epithelium has not been researched extensively, leaving a substantial gap of knowledge in the mechanisms dictating embryonic development of the proximal airways by the adjacent mesenchyme. Recently, we reported that embryos lacking mesenchymal expression of Sox9 did not develop tracheal cartilage rings and showed aberrant differentiation of the tracheal epithelium. Here, we propose that tracheal cartilage provides local inductive signals responsible for the proper differentiation, metabolism, and inflammatory status regulation of the tracheal epithelium. The tracheal epithelium of mesenchyme-specific Sox9Δ/Δ mutant embryos showed altered mRNA expression of various epithelial markers such as Pb1fa1, surfactant protein B (Sftpb), secretoglobulin, family 1A, member 1 (Scgb1a1), and trefoil factor 1 (Tff1). In vitro tracheal epithelial cell cultures confirmed that tracheal chondrocytes secrete factors that inhibit club cell differentiation. Whole gene expression profiling and ingenuity pathway analysis showed that the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways were significantly altered in the Sox9 mutant trachea. TNF-α and IFN-γ interfered with the differentiation of tracheal epithelial progenitor cells into mature epithelial cell types in vitro. Mesenchymal knockout of Tgf-β1 in vivo resulted in altered differentiation of the tracheal epithelium. Finally, mitochondrial enzymes involved in fat and glycogen metabolism, cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIIb (Cox8b) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 1 (Cox7a1), were strongly upregulated in the Sox9 mutant trachea, resulting in increases in the number and size of glycogen storage vacuoles. Our results support a role for tracheal cartilage in modulation of the differentiation and metabolism and the expression of inflammatory-related genes in the tracheal epithelium by feeding into the TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Turcatel
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Katelyn Millette
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Thornton
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Brendan Grubbs
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and Keck School of Medicine, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and Keck School of Medicine, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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93
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Chao CM, Yahya F, Moiseenko A, Tiozzo C, Shrestha A, Ahmadvand N, El Agha E, Quantius J, Dilai S, Kheirollahi V, Jones M, Wilhem J, Carraro G, Ehrhardt H, Zimmer KP, Barreto G, Ahlbrecht K, Morty RE, Herold S, Abellar RG, Seeger W, Schermuly R, Zhang JS, Minoo P, Bellusci S. Fgf10 deficiency is causative for lethality in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pathol 2016; 241:91-103. [PMID: 27770432 DOI: 10.1002/path.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced FGF10 protein deficiency is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurely born infants characterized by arrested alveolar development. So far, experimental evidence for a direct role of FGF10 in lung disease is lacking. Using the hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury as a mouse model of BPD, the impact of Fgf10 deficiency in Fgf10+/- versus Fgf10+/+ pups was investigated. In normoxia, no lethality of Fgf10+/+ or Fgf10+/- pups was observed. By contrast, all Fgf10+/- pups died within 8 days of hyperoxic injury, with lethality starting at day 5, whereas Fgf10+/+ pups were all alive. Lungs of pups from the two genotypes were collected on postnatal day 3 following normoxia or hyperoxia exposure for further analysis. In hyperoxia, Fgf10+/- lungs exhibited increased hypoalveolarization. Analysis by FACS of the Fgf10+/- versus control lungs in normoxia revealed a decreased ratio of alveolar epithelial type II (AECII) cells over total Epcam-positive cells. In addition, gene array analysis indicated reduced AECII and increased AECI transcriptome signatures in isolated AECII cells from Fgf10+/- lungs. Such an imbalance in differentiation is also seen in hyperoxia and is associated with reduced mature surfactant protein B and C expression. Attenuation of the activity of Fgfr2b ligands postnatally in the context of hyperoxia also led to increased lethality with decreased surfactant expression. In summary, decreased Fgf10 mRNA levels lead to congenital lung defects, which are compatible with postnatal survival, but which compromise the ability of the lungs to cope with sub-lethal hyperoxic injury. Fgf10 deficiency affects quantitatively and qualitatively the formation of AECII cells. In addition, Fgfr2b ligands are also important for repair after hyperoxia exposure in neonates. Deficient AECII cells could be an additional complication for patients with BPD. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Ming Chao
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,University Children's Hospital Gießen, Division of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Faady Yahya
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alena Moiseenko
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Caterina Tiozzo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Quantius
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Salma Dilai
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vahid Kheirollahi
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthew Jones
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhem
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- University Children's Hospital Gießen, Division of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- University Children's Hospital Gießen, Division of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- LOEWE Research Group, Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rosanna G Abellar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Werner Seeger
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralph Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, PR China.,Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
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94
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Abstract
Cell-generated mechanical forces drive many of the tissue movements and rearrangements that are required to transform simple populations of cells into the complex three-dimensional geometries of mature organs. However, mechanical forces do not need to arise from active cellular movements. Recent studies have illuminated the roles of passive forces that result from mechanical instabilities between epithelial tissues and their surroundings. These mechanical instabilities cause essentially one-dimensional epithelial tubes and two-dimensional epithelial sheets to buckle or wrinkle into complex topologies containing loops, folds, and undulations in organs as diverse as the brain, the intestine, and the lung. Here, I highlight examples of buckling and wrinkling morphogenesis, and suggest that this morphogenetic mechanism may be broadly responsible for sculpting organ form.
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95
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Chimenti I, Pagano F, Angelini F, Siciliano C, Mangino G, Picchio V, De Falco E, Peruzzi M, Carnevale R, Ibrahim M, Biondi‐Zoccai G, Messina E, Frati G. Human Lung Spheroids as In Vitro Niches of Lung Progenitor Cells with Distinctive Paracrine and Plasticity Properties. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:767-777. [PMID: 28297570 PMCID: PMC5442776 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic and translational research on lung biology has discovered multiple progenitor cell types, specialized or facultative, responsible for turnover, renewal, and repair. Isolation of populations of resident lung progenitor cells (LPCs) has been described by multiple protocols, and some have been successfully applied to healthy human lung tissue. We aimed at understanding how different cell culture conditions may affect, in vitro, the phenotype of LPCs to create an ideal niche‐like microenvironment. The influence of different substrates (i.e., fibronectin, gelatin, laminin) and the impact of a three‐dimensional/two‐dimensional (3D/2D) culture switch on the biology of LPCs isolated as lung spheroids (LSs) from normal adult human lung biopsy specimens were investigated. We applied a spheroid culture system as the selective/inductive step for progenitor cell culture, as described in many biological systems. The data showed a niche‐like proepithelial microenvironment inside the LS, highly sensitive to the 3D culture system and significantly affecting the phenotype of adult LPCs more than culture substrate. LSs favor epithelial phenotypes and LPC maintenance and contain cells more responsive to specific commitment stimuli than 2D monolayer cultures, while secreting a distinctive set of paracrine factors. We have shown for the first time, to our knowledge, how culture as 3D LSs can affect LPC epithelial phenotype and produce strong paracrine signals with a distinctive secretomic profile compared with 2D monolayer conditions. These findings suggest novel approaches to maintain ex vivo LPCs for basic and translational studies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:767–777
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Siciliano
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohsen Ibrahim
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi‐Zoccai
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuropsychiatry, “Umberto I” Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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96
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Varner VD, Nelson CM. Computational models of airway branching morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 67:170-176. [PMID: 27269374 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bronchial network of the mammalian lung consists of millions of dichotomous branches arranged in a highly complex, space-filling tree. Recent computational models of branching morphogenesis in the lung have helped uncover the biological mechanisms that construct this ramified architecture. In this review, we focus on three different theoretical approaches - geometric modeling, reaction-diffusion modeling, and continuum mechanical modeling - and discuss how, taken together, these models have identified the geometric principles necessary to build an efficient bronchial network, as well as the patterning mechanisms that specify airway geometry in the developing embryo. We emphasize models that are integrated with biological experiments and suggest how recent progress in computational modeling has advanced our understanding of airway branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Varner
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
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97
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Quantius J, Schmoldt C, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Becker C, El Agha E, Wilhelm J, Morty RE, Vadász I, Mayer K, Gattenloehner S, Fink L, Matrosovich M, Li X, Seeger W, Lohmeyer J, Bellusci S, Herold S. Influenza Virus Infects Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells of the Distal Lung: Impact on Fgfr2b-Driven Epithelial Repair. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005544. [PMID: 27322618 PMCID: PMC4913929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza Virus (IV) pneumonia is associated with severe damage of the lung epithelium and respiratory failure. Apart from efficient host defense, structural repair of the injured epithelium is crucial for survival of severe pneumonia. The molecular mechanisms underlying stem/progenitor cell mediated regenerative responses are not well characterized. In particular, the impact of IV infection on lung stem cells and their regenerative responses remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that a highly pathogenic IV infects various cell populations in the murine lung, but displays a strong tropism to an epithelial cell subset with high proliferative capacity, defined by the signature EpCamhighCD24lowintegrin(α6)high. This cell fraction expressed the stem cell antigen-1, highly enriched lung stem/progenitor cells previously characterized by the signature integrin(β4)+CD200+, and upregulated the p63/krt5 regeneration program after IV-induced injury. Using 3-dimensional organoid cultures derived from these epithelial stem/progenitor cells (EpiSPC), and in vivo infection models including transgenic mice, we reveal that their expansion, barrier renewal and outcome after IV-induced injury critically depended on Fgfr2b signaling. Importantly, IV infected EpiSPC exhibited severely impaired renewal capacity due to IV-induced blockade of β-catenin-dependent Fgfr2b signaling, evidenced by loss of alveolar tissue repair capacity after intrapulmonary EpiSPC transplantation in vivo. Intratracheal application of exogenous Fgf10, however, resulted in increased engagement of non-infected EpiSPC for tissue regeneration, demonstrated by improved proliferative potential, restoration of alveolar barrier function and increased survival following IV pneumonia. Together, these data suggest that tropism of IV to distal lung stem cell niches represents an important factor of pathogenicity and highlight impaired Fgfr2b signaling as underlying mechanism. Furthermore, increase of alveolar Fgf10 levels may represent a putative therapy to overcome regeneration failure after IV-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Quantius
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carole Schmoldt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ana I. Vazquez-Armendariz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Christin Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E. Morty
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Wetzlar, Germany, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Juergen Lohmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- College of life and Environmental sciences and College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou University town, Zhejiang, China
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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98
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Boucherat O, Jeannotte L, Hadchouel A, Delacourt C, Benachi A. Pathomechanisms of Congenital Cystic Lung Diseases: Focus on Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation and Pleuropulmonary Blastoma. Paediatr Respir Rev 2016; 19:62-8. [PMID: 26907828 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that a number of birth defects are associated with improper formation of the respiratory tract. Important progress has been made in the identification of components of the regulatory networks controlling lung morphogenesis. They comprise a variety of soluble factors, receptors, transcription factors, and miRNAs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unsolved and fundamental questions, such as those related to lung branching are still unanswered. Congenital cystic lung diseases consist of a heterogeneous group of rare lung diseases mainly detected prenatally and characterized by airway dilatation. Despite their apparent phenotypic heterogeneity, these malformations are proposed to be related to a common malformation sequence occurring during lung branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1 V 4G5
| | - Lucie Jeannotte
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alice Hadchouel
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France; INSERM, U955, IMRB, Equipe 04, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Delacourt
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Respiratoires Rares de l'Enfant, Paris, France; INSERM, U955, IMRB, Equipe 04, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Université Paris-Sud, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, 92141 Clamart, France; INSERM, UMR 986, Université Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
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99
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Terakawa J, Rocchi A, Serna VA, Bottinger EP, Graff JM, Kurita T. FGFR2IIIb-MAPK Activity Is Required for Epithelial Cell Fate Decision in the Lower Müllerian Duct. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:783-95. [PMID: 27164167 DOI: 10.1210/me.2016-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate of lower Müllerian duct epithelium (MDE), to become uterine or vaginal epithelium, is determined by the absence or presence of ΔNp63 expression, respectively. Previously, we showed that SMAD4 and runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) were independently required for MDE to express ΔNp63. Here, we report that vaginal mesenchyme directs vaginal epithelial cell fate in MDE through paracrine activation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-MAPK pathway. In the developing reproductive tract, FGF7 and FGF10 were enriched in vaginal mesenchyme, whereas FGF receptor 2IIIb was expressed in epithelia of both the uterus and vagina. When Fgfr2 was inactivated, vaginal MDE underwent uterine cell fate, and this differentiation defect was corrected by activation of MEK-ERK pathway. In vitro, FGF10 in combination with bone morphogenetic protein 4 and activin A (ActA) was sufficient to induce ΔNp63 in MDE, and ActA was essential for induction of RUNX1 through SMAD-independent pathways. Accordingly, inhibition of type 1 receptors for activin in neonatal mice induced uterine differentiation in vaginal epithelium by down-regulating RUNX1, whereas conditional deletion of Smad2 and Smad3 had no effect on vaginal epithelial differentiation. In conclusion, vaginal epithelial cell fate in MDE is induced by FGF7/10-MAPK, bone morphogenetic protein 4-SMAD, and ActA-RUNX1 pathway activities, and the disruption in any one of these pathways results in conversion from vaginal to uterine epithelial cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Terakawa
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics (J.T., V.A.S., T.K.), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (A.R.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine (E.P.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Developmental Biology (J.M.G.), Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Altea Rocchi
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics (J.T., V.A.S., T.K.), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (A.R.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine (E.P.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Developmental Biology (J.M.G.), Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Vanida A Serna
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics (J.T., V.A.S., T.K.), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (A.R.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine (E.P.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Developmental Biology (J.M.G.), Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics (J.T., V.A.S., T.K.), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (A.R.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine (E.P.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Developmental Biology (J.M.G.), Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Jonathan M Graff
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics (J.T., V.A.S., T.K.), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (A.R.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine (E.P.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Developmental Biology (J.M.G.), Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Takeshi Kurita
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics (J.T., V.A.S., T.K.), The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (A.R.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine (E.P.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Developmental Biology (J.M.G.), Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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100
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Chao CM, Moiseenko A, Zimmer KP, Bellusci S. Alveologenesis: key cellular players and fibroblast growth factor 10 signaling. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:17. [PMID: 27098664 PMCID: PMC4840179 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveologenesis is the last stage in lung development and is essential for building the gas-exchanging units called alveoli. Despite intensive lung research, the intricate crosstalk between mesenchymal and epithelial cell lineages during alveologenesis is poorly understood. This crosstalk contributes to the formation of the secondary septae, which are key structures of healthy alveoli. Conclusions A better understanding of the cellular and molecular processes underlying the formation of the secondary septae is critical for the development of new therapies to protect or regenerate the alveoli. This review summarizes briefly the alveologenesis process in mouse and human. Further, it discusses the current knowledge on the epithelial and mesenchymal progenitor cells during early lung development giving rise to the key cellular players (e.g., alveolar epithelial cell type I, alveolar epithelial cell type II, alveolar myofibroblast, lipofibroblast) involved in alveologenesis. This review focusses mainly on the role of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), one of the most important signaling molecules during lung development, in epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Ming Chao
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Division of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Gießen, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Alena Moiseenko
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- Division of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Gießen, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
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