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Shao Y, Wang Q, Liu L, Wang J, Wu M. Alleviation of Spinal Cord Injury by MicroRNA 137-Overexpressing Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2023; 259:237-246. [PMID: 36596504 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) is reported to promote spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery via secreting exosomes to deliver RNAs, proteins, lipids, etc. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of microRNA 137 (miR-137)-overexpressing BMMSC exosomes on SCI rats. BMMSCs were extracted from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat hind leg bone marrow, and then BMMSC-secreted exosomes were collected. MiR-137 mimic and negative control (NC) mimic were transfected into BMMSCs, and then the corresponding exosomes were collected. Subsequently, SD rats were treated with sham operation + phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), SCI operation + PBS, SCI operation + NC mimic BMMSC exosomes, or SCI operation + miR-137-overexpressing BMMSC exosomes. MiR-137 was downregulated in the spinal cord tissue of SCI rats compared to sham rats. Furthermore, BMMSC exosome injection elevated the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores and neuronal viability and reduced tissue injury and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the spinal cord tissue of SCI rats compared to PBS treatment. Subsequently, miR-137-overexpressing BMMSC exosome injection improved the BBB score and neuron viability, and decreased tissue injury as well as proinflammatory cytokine expression in SCI rats compared to NC-overexpressing BMMSC exosomes. Additionally, miR-137-overexpressing BMMSC exosomes also diminished neuronal apoptosis in the spinal cord tissue of SCI rats compared to NC-overexpressing BMMSC exosomes. In conclusion, miR-137-overexpressing BMMSC exosomes reduce tissue injury and inflammation while improving locomotor capacity and neuronal viability in SCI rats. These findings suggest that miR-137-overexpressing BMMSC exosomes may serve as a treatment option for SCI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Qiubo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Mao Wu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
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Khaing ZZ, Chen JY, Safarians G, Ezubeik S, Pedroncelli N, Duquette RD, Prasse T, Seidlits SK. Clinical Trials Targeting Secondary Damage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3824. [PMID: 36835233 PMCID: PMC9960771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes loss of sensory and motor function resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life for patients. Currently, no therapies are available that can repair spinal cord tissue. After the primary SCI, an acute inflammatory response induces further tissue damage in a process known as secondary injury. Targeting secondary injury to prevent additional tissue damage during the acute and subacute phases of SCI represents a promising strategy to improve patient outcomes. Here, we review clinical trials of neuroprotective therapeutics expected to mitigate secondary injury, focusing primarily on those in the last decade. The strategies discussed are broadly categorized as acute-phase procedural/surgical interventions, systemically delivered pharmacological agents, and cell-based therapies. In addition, we summarize the potential for combinatorial therapies and considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Z. Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sohib Ezubeik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicolas Pedroncelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Duquette
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tobias Prasse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie K. Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Liu F, Huang Y, Wang H. Rodent Models of Spinal Cord Injury: From Pathology to Application. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:340-361. [PMID: 36303082 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often has devastating consequences for the patient's physical, mental and occupational health. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCI, and appropriate animal models are very important for studying the pathological manifestations, injury mechanisms, and corresponding treatment. However, the pathological changes in each injury model are different, which creates difficulties in selecting appropriate models for different research purposes. In this article, we analyze various SCI models and introduce their pathological features, including inflammation, glial scar formation, axon regeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each model, which is convenient for selecting suitable models for different injury mechanisms to study therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang H, Wu C, Yu DD, Su H, Chen Y, Ni W. Piperine attenuates the inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis to facilitate recovery from spinal cord injury via autophagy enhancement. Phytother Res 2023; 37:438-451. [PMID: 36114802 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury that can lead to irreversible motor dysfunction. Due to its complicated pathogenic mechanism, there are no effective drug treatments. Piperine, a natural active alkaloid extracted from black pepper, has been reported to influence neurogenesis and exert a neuroprotective effect in traumatic brain injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of piperine in an SCI model. SCI was induced in mice by clamping the spinal cord with a vascular clip for 1 min. Before SCI and every 2 days post-SCI, evaluations using the Basso mouse scale and inclined plane tests were performed. On day 28 after SCI, footprint analyses, and HE/Masson staining of tissues were performed. On a postoperative Day 3, the spinal cord was harvested to assess the levels of pyroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and autophagy. Piperine enhanced functional recovery after SCI. Additionally, piperine reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, pyroptosis, and activated autophagy. However, the effects of piperine on functional recovery after SCI were reversed by autophagy inhibition. The study demonstrated that piperine facilitated functional recovery after SCI by inhibiting inflammatory, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis, mediated by the activation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Yu
- Department of Urology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Liu B, Liu G, Li C, Liu S, Sun D. Resection of Scar Tissue in Rats With Spinal Cord Injury Can Promote the Expression of βⅢ-tubulin in the Injured Area. World Neurosurg 2023; 170:e115-e126. [PMID: 36280047 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research shows that scar tissue formed in the injured area after spinal cord injury blocks nerve regeneration and functional recovery. However, those researchers tried to prevent the formation of scar after spinal cord injury to promote nerve regeneration, but it ran counter to their desire, indicating that the formation of scar might play a role in functional recovery after spinal cord injury. METHODS To investigate roles of scar formation on functional repair after spinal cord injury, we selected several different key time points to resect the scar tissue formed after spinal cord injury based on the rat models of the T8-T9 transection injury of spinal cord. First, the recovery of motor function was evaluated by Basso Beattie Bresnahan score and electrophysiologic examination; second, the pathologic features of functional recovery were analyzed mainly by immunofluorescence βⅢ-tubulin staining; finally, the genes related to the recovery of motor function were predicted by high-throughput sequencing analysis. RESULTS Immunofluorescence results showed that the resection of scar tissue promoted significantly the recovery of motor function and the expression of βⅢ-tubulin in the injured area in the second week after spinal cord injury. Furthermore, RNA-seq studies showed that Tubb3 and Tubb6 gene expression and other neural regeneration pathways were significantly different in the tissue before and after early resection. CONCLUSIONS Excision of scar tissue in the second week promoted nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Tubb3 and Tubb6 genes might be the potential targets for spinal cord injury therapy in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Xintai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taian, China
| | - Changyang Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Xintai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taian, China
| | - Sumei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Dejun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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[Water tank scale: a reliable method for assessing motor function after spinal cord injury in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:99-104. [PMID: 36856216 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the reliability of the Water Tank Scale for assessing recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. METHODS Thirty-six adult female SD rats were randomly divided into SCI and sham-operated groups (n= 18). The recovery of the hind limb motor function was assessed using Water Tank scoring, BBB scoring, and motor-evoked potentials (MEP) at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days after SCI. MEP was used as the gold standard for analyzing and comparing differences between the two scoring methods. RESULTS The Water Tank scores of the rats were significantly higher than the BBB scores on day 3 (0.22±0.43 vs 0, P < 0.05) and also on days 5, 7 and 14 after SCI (0.67±0.49 vs 0.11±0.32, 4.33±1.19 vs 2.83±1.04, 8.61± 1.20 vs 7.06±1.0, P < 0.01). On day 21 after SCI, the scores of the Water Tank Scale of the rats did not significantly differ from the BBB scores (14.78±1.06 vs 14.50±1.47, P>0.05). Neurophysiological monitoring showed that both the Water Tank score and BBB score were significantly correlated with MEP latency, but the Water Tank score had a greater correlation coefficient with MEP latency (r=-0.90). CONCLUSION Compared with the BBB scale, Water Tank scoring allows more objective and accurate assessment of functional recovery of the spinal cord in early stages following SCI in rats, and can thus be used as a reliable method for assessing functional recovery of the hind limbs in rat models of acute SCI.
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Jarragh A, Shuaib A, Al-Khaledi G, Alotaibi F, Al-Sabah S, Masocha W. A custom-made weight-drop impactor to produce consistent spinal cord injury outcomes in a rat model. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220287. [PMID: 37250141 PMCID: PMC10224629 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The main objective of this study is to design a custom-made weight-drop impactor device to produce a consistent spinal cord contusion model in rats in order to examine the efficacy of potential therapies for post-traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Methods Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24, 11 weeks old) were randomly divided equally into two groups: sham and injured. The consistent injury pattern was produced by a 10 g stainless steel rod dropped from a height of 30 mm to cause (0.75 mm) intended displacement to the dorsal surface of spinal cord. The neurological functional outcomes were assessed at different time intervals using the following standardized neurobehavioral tests: Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores, BBB open-field locomotion test, Louisville Swim Scale (LSS), and CatWalk gait analysis system. Results Hind limb functional parameters between the two groups using BBB scores and LSS were significantly different (p < 0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the SCI group and the sham group for the hind limb functional parameters using the CatWalk gait analysis. Conclusion We developed an inexpensive custom-made SCI device that yields a precise adjustment of the height and displacement of the impact relative to the spinal cord surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jarragh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Shuaib
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Unit, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ghanim Al-Khaledi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatima Alotaibi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sulaiman Al-Sabah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Willias Masocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Multiple strategies enhance the efficacy of MSCs transplantation for spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114011. [PMID: 36410123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious complication of the central nervous system (CNS) after spine injury, often resulting in severe sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction below the level of injury. To date, there is no effective treatment strategy for SCI. Recently, stem cell therapy has brought hope to patients with neurological diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be the most promising source of cellular therapy after SCI due to their immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and angiogenic potential. Considering the limited therapeutic effect of MSCs due to the complex pathophysiological environment following SCI, this paper not only reviews the specific mechanism of MSCs to facilitate SCI repair, but also further discusses the research status of these pluripotent stem cells combined with other therapeutic approaches to promote anatomical and functional recovery post-SCI.
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Li Z, Rong YL, Zhang YS. MiR-33-5p alleviates spinal cord injury in rats and protects PC12 cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:52-60. [PMID: 36354186 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert critical effects in spinal cord injury (SCI). The miR-33-5p level is found to be lower in rats with SCI compared with that in control (untreated) and sham-operated (laminectomy but no contusion) rats. Therefore, we investigated the biological functions of miR-33-5p and related mechanisms in SCI pathogenesis and development. An in vivo SCI model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell model of SCI were established. A downregulated level of miR-33-5p in experimental SCI and in LPS-treated PC12 cells was revealed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). MiR-33-5p upregulation alleviated the leakage of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) induced by SCI and improved the neurological functions of SCI rats, as evidenced by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores and Evans blue staining. The regulatory relationship between miR-33-5p and Rps6kb1 was verified by luciferase reporter assays, which demonstrated that miR-33-5p bound to the Rps6kb1 3'UTR. Moreover, as MTT assays and flow cytometry showed, the suppressive effects of miR-33-5p upregulation on cell apoptosis were attenuated by Rps6kb1 upregulation. In conclusion, miR-33-5p ameliorates SCI in rats and inhibits the LPS-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Second Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan-Long Rong
- Department of Orthopedic, TieMei General Hospital of Liaoning Province Health Industrial Group, Tieling, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan-Shi Zhang
- Department of Second Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Wei ZJ, Feng SQ, Li JZ, Fan BY, Sun T, Wang XX, Li JJ, Zhang JP, Gu GJ, Shen WY, Liu DR. Bioinformatics analysis of ferroptosis in spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:626-633. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Li X, Qian Y, Shen W, Zhang S, Han H, Zhang Y, Liu S, Lv S, Zhang X. Mechanism of SET8 Activates the Nrf2-KEAP1-ARE Signaling Pathway to Promote the Recovery of Motor Function after Spinal Cord Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:4420592. [PMID: 36936537 PMCID: PMC10023234 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4420592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common injury of the central nervous system (CNS), and astrocytes are relatively abundant glial cells in the CNS that impairs the recovery of motor function after SCI. It was confirmed that the oxidative stress of mitochondria leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, which plays a key role in the motor function of astrocytes. However, the mechanism by which oxidative stress affects astrocyte motility after SCI is still unexplained. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of SET8-regulated oxidative stress on astrocyte autophagy levels after SCI in rats and the potential mechanisms of action. Methods We used real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining to analyze SET8, Keap1, and Nrf2 expression at the cellular level and in SCI tissues. ChIP to detect H4K20me1 enrichment in the Keap1 promoter region under OE-SET8 (overexpression of SET8) conditions. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of signature proteins of astrocytes, proteins associated with autophagy, proteins associated with glial scar formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells using DHE staining, and astrocyte number, morphological alterations, and induction of glial scar formation processes using immunofluorescence. In addition, the survival rate of neurons after SCI in rats was examined by using NiSSl staining. Results OE-SET8 upregulates the enrichment of H4K20me1 in Keap1, inhibits Keap1 expression, activates the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway to suppress ROS accumulation, inhibits oxidative stress-induced autophagy and glial scar formation in astrocytes, and leads to reduced neuronal loss, which promoted the recovery and improvement of motor function after SCI in rats. Conclusion Overexpression of SET8 alleviated oxidative stress by regulating Keap1/Nrf2/ARE, inhibited astrocyte autophagy levels, and reduced glial scar formation as well as neuronal loss, thereby promoting improved recovery of motor function after SCI. Thus, the SET8/H4K20me1 regulatory function may be a promising cellular therapeutic intervention point after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Wanling Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Han
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Shaokun Lv
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
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Hu CK, Chen MH, Wang YH, Sun JS, Wu CY. Integration of multiple prognostic predictors in a porcine spinal cord injury model: A further step closer to reality. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1136267. [PMID: 36970513 PMCID: PMC10030512 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1136267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder with an enormous impact on individual's life and society. A reliable and reproducible animal model of SCI is crucial to have a deeper understanding of SCI. We have developed a large-animal model of spinal cord compression injury (SCI) with integration of multiple prognostic factors that would have applications in humans. Methods Fourteen human-like sized pigs underwent compression at T8 by implantation of an inflatable balloon catheter. In addition to basic neurophysiological recording of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials, we introduced spine-to-spine evoked spinal cord potentials (SP-EPs) by direct stimulation and measured them just above and below the affected segment. A novel intraspinal pressure monitoring technique was utilized to measure the actual pressure on the cord. The gait and spinal MRI findings were assessed in each animal postoperatively to quantify the severity of injury. Results We found a strong negative correlation between the intensity of pressure applied to the spinal cord and the functional outcome (P < 0.0001). SP-EPs showed high sensitivity for real time monitoring of intraoperative cord damage. On MRI, the ratio of the high-intensity area to the cross-sectional of the cord was a good predictor of recovery (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Our balloon compression SCI model is reliable, predictable, and easy to implement. By integrating SP-EPs, cord pressure, and findings on MRI, we can build a real-time warning and prediction system for early detection of impending or iatrogenic SCI and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Kai Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedical and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wang Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Horng Wang
- Department of Pet Healthcare, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Yingcai Campus, Taichung City, Taiwan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Yingcai Campus, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Wu
- Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chung-Yu Wu
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Park YM, Kim JH, Lee JE. Neural Stem Cells Overexpressing Arginine Decarboxylase Improve Functional Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415784. [PMID: 36555425 PMCID: PMC9779865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) cannot fully facilitate neural regeneration or improve function. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) synthesizes agmatine, an endogenous primary amine with neuroprotective effects. Transfection of human ADC (hADC) gene exerts protective effects after injury in murine brain-derived neural precursor cells (mNPCs). Following from these findings, we investigated the effects of hADC-mNPC transplantation in SCI model mice. Mice with experimentally damaged spinal cords were divided into three groups, separately transplanted with fluorescently labeled (1) control mNPCs, (2) retroviral vector (pLXSN)-infected mNPCs (pLXSN-mNPCs), and (3) hADC-mNPCs. Behavioral comparisons between groups were conducted weekly up to 6 weeks after SCI, and urine volume was measured up to 2 weeks after SCI. A subset of animals was euthanized each week after cell transplantation for molecular and histological analyses. The transplantation groups experienced significantly improved behavioral function, with the best recovery occurring in hADC-mNPC mice. Transplanting hADC-mNPCs improved neurological outcomes, induced oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination, increased neural lineage differentiation, and decreased glial scar formation. Moreover, locomotor and bladder function were both rehabilitated. These beneficial effects are likely related to differential BMP-2/4/7 expression in neuronal cells, providing an empirical basis for gene therapy as a curative SCI treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, CHA Bio-Complex, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, CHA Bio-Complex, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1646
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Verstappen K, Aquarius R, Klymov A, Wever KE, Damveld L, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Bartels RHMA, Hooijmans CR, Walboomers XF. Systematic Evaluation of Spinal Cord Injury Animal Models in the Field of Biomaterials. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:1169-1179. [PMID: 34915758 PMCID: PMC9805871 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The large number of animal models used in spinal cord injury (SCI) research complicates the objective selection of the most appropriate model to investigate the efficacy of biomaterial-based therapies. This systematic review aims to identify a list of relevant animal models of SCI by evaluating the confirmation of SCI and animal survival in all published SCI models used in biomaterials research up until April 2021. A search in PubMed and Embase based on "spinal cord injury," "animal models," and "biomaterials" yielded 4606 papers, 393 of which were further evaluated. A total of 404 individual animal experiments were identified based on type of SCI, level of SCI, and the sex, species, and strain of the animals used. Finally, a total of 149 unique animal models were comparatively evaluated, which led to the generation of an evidence-based list of well-documented mid-thoracic rat models of SCI. These models were used most often, clearly confirmed SCI, and had relatively high survival rates, and therefore could serve as a future starting point for studying novel biomaterial-based therapies for SCI. Furthermore, the review discusses (1) the possible risk of bias in SCI animal models, (2) the difficulty in replication of such experiments due to frequent poor reporting of the methods and results, and (3) the clinical relevance of the currently utilized models. Systematic review registration: The study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO, registration number CRD42019141162. Impact statement Studies on biomaterial-based therapies within the field of spinal cord injury (SCI) research show a large inconsistency concerning the selection of animal models. This review goes beyond summarizing the existing gaps between experimental and clinical SCI by systematically evaluating all animal models used within this field. The models identified by this work were used most often, clearly confirmed SCI, and had a relatively high survival rate. This evidence-based list of well-documented animal models will serve as a practical guideline in future research on innovative biomaterial-based therapies for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kest Verstappen
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René Aquarius
- Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey Klymov
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E. Wever
- SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lyan Damveld
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carlijn R. Hooijmans
- SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - X. Frank Walboomers
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Address correspondence to: X. Frank Walboomers, PhD, Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101 (309), Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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65
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Shang Z, Wang M, Zhang B, Wang X, Wanyan P. Subacute traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of therapeutic strategies based on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in animal models. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1181-1189. [PMID: 36117057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS To explore the optimal transplantation strategy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in subacute traumatic spinal cord injury in animal experiments in order to provide reference for future animal studies and clinical research. METHODS The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were systematically searched (inception to January 4, 2022). Literature search, data extraction and bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS A total of 50 articles were included for analysis. Results of both traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis showed that high-dose (≥1 × 106) transplantation was significantly better than low-dose (<1 × 106) transplantation and intralesional transplantation was significantly better than intravenous transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Given the limited quality of evidence from current animal studies, more high-quality head-to-head comparisons are needed in the future to delve into the optimal transplantation strategy for stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Palacios JL, Luquin S, Quintanar JL, Munoz A. Continuous administration of leuprolide acetate improves urinary function in male rats with severe thoracic spinal cord injury. Life Sci 2022; 310:121113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu C, Liu Y, Ma B, Zhou M, Zhao X, Fu X, Kan S, Hu W, Zhu R. Mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms in spinal cord injury: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31930. [PMID: 36401438 PMCID: PMC9678589 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system injury that results in the permanent loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions below the level of injury with limited recovery. The pathological process of spinal cord injury includes primary and secondary injuries, characterized by a progressive cascade. Secondary injury impairs the ability of the mitochondria to maintain homeostasis and leads to calcium overload, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, further exacerbating the injury. The defective mitochondrial function observed in these pathologies accelerates neuronal cell death and inhibits regeneration. Treatment of spinal cord injury by preserving mitochondrial biological function is a promising, although still underexplored, therapeutic strategy. This review aimed to explore mitochondrial-based therapeutic advances after spinal cord injury. Specifically, it briefly describes the characteristics of spinal cord injury. It then broadly discusses the drugs used to protect the mitochondria (e.g., cyclosporine A, acetyl-L-carnitine, and alpha-tocopherol), phenomena associated with mitochondrial damage processes (e.g., mitophagy, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis), mitochondrial transplantation for nerve cell regeneration, and innovative mitochondrial combined protection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjiang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanhao Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunli Kan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Rusen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Rusen Zhu, Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center190jieyuan Road, Honggiao District, Tianjin 300121, China (e-mail: )
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68
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Temmermand R, Barrett JE, Fontana ACK. Glutamatergic systems in neuropathic pain and emerging non-opioid therapies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106492. [PMID: 36228868 PMCID: PMC10413816 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, a disease of the somatosensory nervous system, afflicts many individuals and adequate management with current pharmacotherapies remains elusive. The glutamatergic system of neurons, receptors and transporters are intimately involved in pain but, to date, there have been few drugs developed that therapeutically modulate this system. Glutamate transporters, or excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), remove excess glutamate around pain transmitting neurons to decrease nociception suggesting that the modulation of glutamate transporters may represent a novel approach to the treatment of pain. This review highlights and summarizes (1) the physiology of the glutamatergic system in neuropathic pain, (2) the preclinical evidence for dysregulation of glutamate transport in animal pain models, and (3) emerging novel therapies that modulate glutamate transporters. Successful drug discovery requires continuous focus on basic and translational methods to fully elucidate the etiologies of this disease to enable the development of targeted therapies. Increasing the efficacy of astrocytic EAATs may serve as a new way to successfully treat those suffering from this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Temmermand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - James E Barrett
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Andréia C K Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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69
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Li Z, Li Z, Chen Z, Sun H, Yuan Z, Wang X, Wei J, Cao X, Zheng D. Andrographolide contributes to spinal cord injury repair via inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949502. [PMID: 36278181 PMCID: PMC9585304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disorder of the central nervous system with considerable socio-economic burden. Andrographolide (Andro), the main active component of Andrographis paniculata, has exhibited neuroprotective effects in different models of neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Andro against SCI and explore the related mechanisms. Methods: SCI was induced in rats by the Allen method, and the modeled animals were randomly divided into sham-operated, SCI, SCI + normal saline (NS) and SCI + Andro groups. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with Andro (1 mg/kg) or the same volume of NS starting day one after the establishment of the SCI model for 28 consecutive days. Post-SCI tissue repair and functional recovery were evaluated by measuring the spinal cord water content, footprint tests, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining. Apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as axonal regeneration and remyelination were analyzed using suitable markers. The in vitro model of SCI was established by treating cortical neurons with H2O2. The effects of Andro on apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated as indicated. Results: Andro treatment significantly improved tissue repair and functional recovery after SCI by reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation through the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Furthermore, Andro treatment promoted M2 polarization of the microglial cells and contributed to axonal regeneration and remyelination to improve functional recovery after SCI. In addition, Andro also attenuated apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in H2O2-stimulated cortical neurons in vitro. Conclusion: Andro treatment alleviated SCI by reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in the injured tissues and cortical neurons, and promoted axonal regeneration and remyelination for functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehui Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - He Sun
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhagen Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochao Wang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqiang Wei
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuewei Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Decai Zheng, ; Xuewei Cao,
| | - Decai Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Decai Zheng, ; Xuewei Cao,
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Gayen CD, Bessen MA, Dorrian RM, Quarrington RD, Mulaibrahimovic A, Doig RLO, Freeman BJC, Leonard AV, Jones CF. A survival model of thoracic contusion spinal cord injury in the domestic pig. J Neurotrauma 2022; 40:965-980. [PMID: 36200622 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently results in motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction for which there is currently no cure. Recent preclinical and clinical research has led to promising advances in treatment; however, therapeutics indicating promise in rodents have not translated successfully in human trials, likely due, in part, to gross anatomical and physiological differences between the species. Therefore, large animal models of SCI may facilitate the study of secondary injury processes that are influenced by scale, and assist the translation of potential therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to characterize two severities of thoracic contusion SCI in female domestic pigs, measuring motor function and spinal cord lesion characteristics, over two weeks post-SCI. A custom instrumented weight drop injury device was used to release a 50 g impactor from 10 cm (n=3) or 20 cm (n=7) onto the exposed dura, to induce a contusion at the T10 thoracic spinal level. Hind limb motor function was assessed at 8 and 13 days post-SCI using a 10-point scale. Volume and extent of lesion-associated signal hyperintensity in T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images was assessed at 3, 7 and 14 days post-injury. Animals were transcardially perfused at 14 days post-SCI and spinal cord tissue was harvested for histological analysis. Bowel function was retained in all animals and transient urinary retention occurred in two animals after catheter removal. All animals displayed hind limb motor deficits. Animals in the 10 cm group demonstrated some stepping and weight bearing and scored a median 2-3 points higher on the 10-point motor function scale at 8 and 13 days post-SCI, than the 20 cm group. Histological lesion volume was 20 % greater, and 30 % less white matter was spared, in the 20 cm group than in the 10 cm group. The MR signal hyperintensity in the 20 cm injury group had a median cranial-caudal extent approximately 1.5 times greater than the 10 cm injury group at all three time points, and median volumes 1.8, 2.5 and 4.5 times greater at day 3, 7 and 14 post-injury, respectively. Regional differences in axonal injury were observed between groups, with amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity greatest in the 20 cm group in spinal cord sections adjacent the injury epicenter. This study demonstrated graded injuries in a domestic pig strain, with outcome measures comparable to miniature pig models of contusion SCI. The model provides a vehicle for the study of SCI and potential treatments, particularly where miniature pig strains are not available and/or where small animal models are not appropriate for the research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine D Gayen
- Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Spinal Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Madeleine A Bessen
- Adelaide Spinal Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan M Dorrian
- Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan D Quarrington
- Adelaide Spinal Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adnan Mulaibrahimovic
- Adelaide Spinal Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan L O'Hare Doig
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brian J C Freeman
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna V Leonard
- Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire F Jones
- Adelaide Spinal Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Li L, Tang L, Bi Y. Intrauterine neuromuscular and stromal dysplasia of the bladder in retinoic acid-induced myelomeningocele fetal rats. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu W, Tao JC, Zhu SZ, Dai CL, Wang YX, Yu B, Yao C, Sun YY. Expression and regulatory network of long noncoding RNA in rats after spinal cord hemisection injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2300-2304. [PMID: 35259853 PMCID: PMC9083175 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.337052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in a variety of biological processes and diseases. However, the expression and function of lncRNAs after spinal cord injury has not been extensively analyzed. In this study of right side hemisection of the spinal cord at T10, we detected the expression of lncRNAs in the proximal tissue of T10 lamina at different time points and found 445 lncRNAs and 6522 mRNA were differentially expressed. We divided the differentially expressed lncRNAs into 26 expression trends and analyzed Profile 25 and Profile 2, the two expression trends with the most significant difference. Our results showed that the expression of 68 lncRNAs in Profile 25 rose first and remained high 3 days post-injury. There were 387 mRNAs co-expressed with the 68 lncRNAs in Profile 25. The co-expression network showed that the co-expressed genes were mainly enriched in cell division, inflammatory response, FcγR-mediated cell phagocytosis signaling pathway, cell cycle and apoptosis. The expression of 56 lncRNAs in Profile2 first declined and remained low after 3 days post-injury. There were 387 mRNAs co-expressed with the 56 lncRNAs in Profile 2. The co-expression network showed that the co-expressed genes were mainly enriched in the chemical synaptic transmission process and in the signaling pathway of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The results provided the expression and regulatory network of the main lncRNAs after spinal cord injury and clarified their co-expressed gene enriched biological processes and signaling pathways. These findings provide a new direction for the clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Tao
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng-Ze Zhu
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao-Lun Dai
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cao XM, Li SL, Cao YQ, Lv YH, Wang YX, Yu B, Yao C. A comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes in rostral and caudal regions after spinal cord injury in rats. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2267-2271. [PMID: 35259848 PMCID: PMC9083160 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial mechanical damage of a spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a progressive secondary injury cascade, which is a complicated process integrating multiple systems and cells. It is crucial to explore the molecular and biological process alterations that occur after SCI for therapy development. The differences between the rostral and caudal regions around an SCI lesion have received little attention. Here, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes between rostral and caudal sites after injury to determine the biological processes in these two segments after SCI. We identified a set of differentially expressed genes, including Col3a1, Col1a1, Dcn, Fn1, Kcnk3, and Nrg1, between rostral and caudal regions at different time points following SCI. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were involved in response to mechanical stimulus, blood vessel development, and brain development. We then chose Col3a1, Col1a1, Dcn, Fn1, Kcnk3, and Nrg1 for quantitative real-time PCR and Fn1 for immunostaining validation. Our results indicate alterations in different biological events enriched in the rostral and caudal lesion areas, providing new insights into the pathology of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Qi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye-Hua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Plasma Cytokines Level and Spinal Cord MRI Predict Clinical Outcome in a Rat Glial Scar Cryoinjury Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102345. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the spinal cord is still one of the most challenging problems in the neurosurgical practice. Despite a long history of implementation of translational medicine in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI), it remains one of the most frequent causes of human disability and a critical situation for world healthcare systems. Here, we used our rat model of the of unilateral controlled SCI induced by a cryoinjury, which consistently reproduces glial scarring and posttraumatic cyst formation, and specifically evaluated histological, bioimaging and cytokine data. We propose a 10-grade scoring scale, which can objectively estimate the extent of damage of the experimental SCI according to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. It provides a homogeneous and reliable visual control of the dynamics of the posttraumatic processes, which makes it possible to clearly distinguish the extent of early damage, the formation of glial scars and the development of posttraumatic syringomyelic cysts. The concentration of cytokines and chemokines in the plasma following the experimental SCI increased up to two orders of magnitude in comparison with intact animals, suggesting that a traumatic injury of the spinal cord was accompanied by a remarkable cytokine storm. Our data suggested that the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, GRO/KC, G-CSF, IFNγ and IL-13 may be considered as a reliable prognostic index for SCI. Finally, we demonstrated that MRI together with plasma cytokines level directly correlated and reliably predicted the clinical outcome following SCI. The present study brings novel noninvasive and intravital methods for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of SCI treatment protocols, which may be easily translated into the clinical practice.
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75
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Li E, Yan R, Yan K, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Zou P, Wang H, Qiao H, Li S, Ma Q, Liao B. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the role of immune-related autophagy in spinal cord injury in rats. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987344. [PMID: 36211348 PMCID: PMC9535363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury refers to damage to the spinal cord due to trauma, disease, or degeneration; and the number of new cases is increasing yearly. Significant cellular changes are known to occur in the area of spinal cord injury. However, changes in cellular composition, trajectory of cell development, and intercellular communication in the injured area remain unclear. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to evaluate almost all the cell types that constitute the site of spinal cord injury in rats. In addition to mapping the cells of the injured area, we screened the expression of immune autophagy-related factors in cells and identified signaling pathways by the measuring the expression of the receptor−ligand pairs to regulate specific cell interactions during autophagy after spinal cord injury. Our data set is a valuable resource that provides new insights into the pathobiology of spinal cord injury and other traumatic diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erliang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rongbao Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kang Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liao, ; Qiong Ma,
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liao, ; Qiong Ma,
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76
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Lu Y, Zhang W, Tian Z, Liang Q, Liu C, Wu Y, Zhang L, Rong L. The optimal transplantation strategy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on animal studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:441. [PMID: 36056386 PMCID: PMC9438219 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have great potential in the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, the specific therapeutic effect and optimal transplantation strategy are still unclear. Therefore, exploring the optimal treatment strategy of UCMSCs in animal studies by systematic review can provide reference for the development of animal studies and clinical research in the future. Methods Databases of PubMed, Ovid-Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM were searched for the literature in February 11, 2022. Two independent reviewers performed the literature search, identification, screening, quality assessment, and data extraction. Results and Discussion A total of 40 animal studies were included for combined analysis. In different subgroups, the results of traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were consistent, that is, the therapeutic effect of high-dose (≥ 1 × 106) transplantation of UCMSCs was significantly better than that of low dose (< 1 × 106), the therapeutic effect of local transplantation of UCMSCs was significantly better than that of intravenous transplantation, and the therapeutic effect of subacute transplantation of UCMSCs was significantly better than that of acute and chronic transplantation. However, in view of the inherent risk of bias and limited internal and external validity of the current animal studies, more high-quality, direct comparison studies are needed to further explore the optimal transplantation strategy for UCMSCs in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03103-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Liangming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Terhune EA, Monley AM, Cuevas MT, Wethey CI, Gray RS, Hadley-Miller N. Genetic animal modeling for idiopathic scoliosis research: history and considerations. Spine Deform 2022; 10:1003-1016. [PMID: 35430722 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is defined as a structural lateral spinal curvature ≥ 10° in otherwise healthy children and is the most common pediatric spinal deformity. IS is known to have a strong genetic component; however, the underlying etiology is still largely unknown. Animal models have been used historically to both understand and develop treatments for human disease, including within the context of IS. This intended audience for this review is clinicians in the fields of musculoskeletal surgery and research. METHODS In this review article, we synthesize current literature of genetic animal models of IS and introduce considerations for researchers. RESULTS Due to complex genetic and unique biomechanical factors (i.e., bipedalism) hypothesized to contribute to IS in humans, scoliosis is a difficult condition to replicate in model organisms. CONCLUSION We advocate careful selection of animal models based on the scientific question and introduce gaps and limitations in the current literature. We advocate future research efforts to include animal models with multiple characterized genetic or environmental perturbations to reflect current understanding of the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Terhune
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anna M Monley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Melissa T Cuevas
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cambria I Wethey
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nancy Hadley-Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Freyermuth-Trujillo X, Segura-Uribe JJ, Salgado-Ceballos H, Orozco-Barrios CE, Coyoy-Salgado A. Inflammation: A Target for Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172692. [PMID: 36078099 PMCID: PMC9454769 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant cause of disability, and treatment alternatives that generate beneficial outcomes and have no side effects are urgently needed. SCI may be treatable if intervention is initiated promptly. Therefore, several treatment proposals are currently being evaluated. Inflammation is part of a complex physiological response to injury or harmful stimuli induced by mechanical, chemical, or immunological agents. Neuroinflammation is one of the principal secondary changes following SCI and plays a crucial role in modulating the pathological progression of acute and chronic SCI. This review describes the main inflammatory events occurring after SCI and discusses recently proposed potential treatments and therapeutic agents that regulate inflammation after insult in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Freyermuth-Trujillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Julia J. Segura-Uribe
- Subdirección de Gestión de la Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
| | - Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
| | - Carlos E. Orozco-Barrios
- CONACyT-Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
| | - Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- CONACyT-Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-2498-5223
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79
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Yuan H, Zhang B, Ma J, Zhang Y, Tuo Y, Li X. Analysis of gene expression profiles in two spinal cord injury models. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:156. [PMID: 35999613 PMCID: PMC9400253 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyze the changes of gene expression at different timepoints after spinal cord injury (SCI) with tenth segment thoracic injury. Methods Two SCI models, the complete paraplegia (H) and Allen’s strike (D) methods were applied to induce SCI in rats, and transcriptome sequencing was performed 1, 3, 7, 14, 56, and 70 days after SCI, respectively. Principal component analysis, differentially expressed gene analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis were applied to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology GO enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed the pathway of gene enrichment. Results There were 1,907, 3,120, 3,728, 978, 2,319, and 3,798 DEGs in the complete paraplegia group and 2,380, 878, 1,543, 6,040, 1,945, and 3,850 DEGs in the Allen’s strike method group and after SCI at 1, 3, 7, 14, 56, and 70 days, respectively. The transcriptome contours of D1, H1, D3, and H14 were clustered with C; the H56, D56, H70, and D70 transcriptome contours were similar and clustered together. H3, D7, and H7 were clustered together, and D14 was clustered separately. The transcriptome differences of the two SCI models were mainly concentrated during the first 2 weeks after SCI. The DEGs after SCI in the complete paraplegia group were more concentrated. Most of the early transcriptional regulation stabilized within 2 weeks after injury. Conclusions There were DEGs between the two SCI models. Through the gene changes and pathway enrichment of the entire time period after SCI, the molecular mechanism of SCI repair was revealed in depth, which provided a reference for SCI treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yuan
- Department of Spinal Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Bi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, 315046, China
| | - Junchi Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730099, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- The third department of spine, Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji, 721001, China
| | - Yifan Tuo
- Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Spinal Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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80
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Zhang Q, Liu M, Nong H, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Liu P, Zong S, Zeng G. Total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves protect spinal motor neurons via promotion of autophagy after spinal cord injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:925568. [PMID: 36071834 PMCID: PMC9441667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.925568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The death of spinal motor neurons (SMNs) after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a crucial cause, contributing to a permanent neurological deficit. Total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves (TFHL) have been confirmed to have potentially therapeutic for SCI. Nonetheless, the roles and mechanisms of TFHL in recovering neuromotor function and regenerating axons of SMNs have not been fully elucidated. In this study, TFHL was applied to treat rats with SCI and injured SMNs for 7 days. In vivo experiment, rats with SCI were evaluated by a BBB (Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan) score to assess their motor functional recovery. The morphology, microstructure, apoptosis, Nissl bodies, and autophagy of SMNs in spinal cord tissue were detected by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL staining, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry respectively. In vitro experiment, the co-culture model of SMNs and astrocytes was constructed to simulate the internal environment around SMNs in the spinal cord tissue. The cell morphology, microstructure, axonal regeneration, and autophagy were observed via optical microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. The content of neurotrophic factors in the cell culture medium of the co-culture model was detected by ELISA. Moreover, the expression of axon-related and autophagy-related proteins in the spinal cord tissue and SMNs was measured by Western Blot. We demonstrated that TFHL improved the neuromotor function recovery in rats after SCI. We then found that TFHL significantly promoted injured spinal cord tissue repair, reduced apoptosis, and improved the functional status of neurons in spinal cord tissue in vivo. Meanwhile, the cell morphology, microstructure, and axonal regeneration of damaged SMNs also obviously were improved, and the secretion of neurotrophic factors was facilitated after treatment with TFHL in vitro. Further, we revealed that TFHL promoted autophagy and related protein expression in vivo and vitro. Taken together, our study suggested that TFHL might facilitate autophagy and have neuroprotective properties in SMNs to enhance the recovery of neuromotor function of rats with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingfu Liu
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haibin Nong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiguang Bai
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohui Zong, ; Gaofeng Zeng,
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohui Zong, ; Gaofeng Zeng,
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α-Cyperone Improves Rat Spinal Cord Tissue Damage via Akt/Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways. J Surg Res 2022; 276:331-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Characterization of Ex Vivo and In Vitro Wnt Transcriptome Induced by Spinal Cord Injury in Rat Microglial Cells. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060708. [PMID: 35741593 PMCID: PMC9221341 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that inflammation is crucial in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injuries, and that microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) play a pivotal role in neuroinflammation. Therefore, the exploration of molecular signaling pathways that are involved in the microglia/macrophage response might help us to shed light on their eventual therapeutic modulation. Interestingly, there is growing evidence showing that the Wnt family of proteins is involved in different neuropathologies that are characterized by a dysregulated neuroinflammatory response, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we aimed to validate a methodology with competence to assess the physiologically relevant Wnt expression patterns of active microglia and MDMs in a rat model of SCI. For that purpose, we have selected and adapted an in vitro system of primary microglia culture that were stimulated with a lesioned spinal cord extract (SCE), together with an ex vivo protocol of flow cytometry sorting of rat microglia/MDMs at different time-points after contusive SCI. Our study demonstrates that the expression profile of Wnt-related genes in microglia/MDM cells exhibit important differences between these particular scenarios which would be in line with previous studies where similar discrepancies have been described for other molecules. Moreover, our results provide for a first experimental report of the Wnt transcriptome in rat microglia and MDMs after SCI which, together with the research platform that was used in the study, and considering its limitations, we expect might contribute to foster the research on Wnt-driven immunomodulatory therapies.
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Shi YJ, Sheng WJ, Xue MT, Duan FX, Shen L, Ding SQ, Wang QY, Wang R, Lü HZ, Hu JG. Effect of morroniside on the transcriptome profiles of rat in injured spinal cords. Gene 2022; 823:146338. [PMID: 35245640 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that morroniside promoted motor activity after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. However, the mechanism by which morroniside induces recovery of injured spinal cord (SC) remains unknown. In the current study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to evaluate changes of gene expressions at the transcriptional level of the injured spinal cords in morroniside-administrated rats. Principal component analysis, analysis of enriched Gene Ontology (GO), enrichment analyses Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and other bioinformatics analyses were executed to distinguish differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results of RNA-seq confirmed the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of morroniside on injured SC tissues, and provided the basis for additional research of the mechanisms involving the protective effects of morroniside on SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, PR China
| | - Wen-Jie Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, PR China
| | - Meng-Tong Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, PR China
| | - Fei-Xiang Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, PR China
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, PR China
| | - Shu-Qin Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, PR China
| | - Qi-Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233004, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, PR China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China.
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, PR China.
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Lv Z, Yin S, Cheng Z, Wang K. Lenalidomide improves H 2O 2‑induced PC12 cell injury by blocking the Notch signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:421. [PMID: 35601070 PMCID: PMC9117949 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610032, P.R. China
| | - Shao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610032, P.R. China
| | - Ziguan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610032, P.R. China
| | - Kekai Wang
- Anorectal Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610032, P.R. China
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85
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Kjell J, Svensson M. Advancing Peripheral Nerve Graft Transplantation for Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:885245. [PMID: 35573831 PMCID: PMC9097274 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.885245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves have a propensity for axon growth and regeneration that the central nervous system lacks (CNS). However, CNS axons can also grow long distances if introduced to a graft harvested from a peripheral nerve (PNGs), which is the rationale for using PNGs as repair strategy for injuries of the spinal cord. From a clinical perspective, PNGs provide interesting possibilities with potential to repair the injured spinal cord. First, there are numerous options to harvest autologous grafts associated with low risk for the patient. Second, a PNG allow axons to grow considerable distances and can, by the surgical procedure, be navigated to specific target sites in the CNS. Furthermore, a PNG provides all necessary biological substrates for myelination of elongating axons. A PNG can thus be suited to bridge axons long distances across an injury site and restore long tracts in incomplete SCI. Experimentally, locomotor functions have been improved transplanting a PNG after incomplete injury. However, we still know little with regard to the formation of new circuitries and functional outcome in association to when, where, and how grafts are inserted into the injured spinal cord, especially for sensory functions. In this perspective, we discuss the advantages of PNG from a clinical and surgical perspective, the need for adding/repairing long tracts, how PNGs are best applied for incomplete injuries, and the unexplored areas we believe are in need of answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kjell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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86
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Efficacy and safety of different drug treatments in patients with spinal-cord injury-related neuropathic pain: a network meta-analysis. Spinal Cord 2022; 60:943-953. [DOI: 10.1038/s41393-022-00804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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87
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Shang Z, Li D, Chen J, Wang R, Wang M, Zhang B, Wang X, Wanyan P. What Is the Optimal Timing of Transplantation of Neural Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis Based on Animal Studies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855309. [PMID: 35371014 PMCID: PMC8965614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The optimal transplantation timing of neural stem cells in spinal cord injury is fully explored in animal studies to reduce the risk of transformation to clinical practice and to provide valuable reference for future animal studies and clinical research. Method Seven electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (CSJD-VIP), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched. The studies were retrieved from inception to November 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality based on the inclusion criteria. Results and Discussion Thirty-nine studies were incorporated into the final analyses. Based on the subgroup of animal models and transplantation dose, the results of network meta-analysis showed that the effect of transplantation in the subacute phase might be the best. However, the results of traditional meta-analysis were inconsistent. In the moderate-dose group of moderate spinal cord injury model and the low-dose group of severe spinal cord injury model, transplantation in the subacute phase did not significantly improve motor function. Given the lack of evidence for direct comparison between different transplantation phases, the indirectness of our network meta-analysis, and the low quality of evidence in current animal studies, our confidence in recommending cell transplantation in the subacute phase is limited. In the future, more high-quality, direct comparative studies are needed to explore this issue in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinlei Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - RuiRui Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Basic Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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88
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Kiang L, Woodington B, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Malliaras G, Barone DG. Spinal cord bioelectronic interfaces: opportunities in neural recording and clinical challenges. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35320780 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronic stimulation of the spinal cord has demonstrated significant progress in restoration of motor function in spinal cord injury (SCI). The proximal, uninjured spinal cord presents a viable target for the recording and generation of control signals to drive targeted stimulation. Signals have been directly recorded from the spinal cord in behaving animals and correlated with limb kinematics. Advances in flexible materials, electrode impedance and signal analysis will allow SCR to be used in next-generation neuroprosthetics. In this review, we summarize the technological advances enabling progress in SCR and describe systematically the clinical challenges facing spinal cord bioelectronic interfaces and potential solutions, from device manufacture, surgical implantation to chronic effects of foreign body reaction and stress-strain mismatches between electrodes and neural tissue. Finally, we establish our vision of bi-directional closed-loop spinal cord bioelectronic bypass interfaces that enable the communication of disrupted sensory signals and restoration of motor function in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kiang
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, Singapore, 169608, SINGAPORE
| | - Ben Woodington
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Electrical Engineering Division, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Bioelectronics Laboratory, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - George Malliaras
- University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Damiano G Barone
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Electrical Engineering Division, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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89
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Sung SE, Seo MS, Kim YI, Kang KK, Choi JH, Lee S, Sung M, Yim SG, Lim JH, Seok HG, Yang SY, Lee GW. Human Epidural AD–MSC Exosomes Improve Function Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030678. [PMID: 35327480 PMCID: PMC8945172 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) interferes with the normal function of the autonomic nervous system by blocking circuits between the sensory and motor nerves. Although many studies focus on functional recovery after neurological injury, effective neuroregeneration is still being explored. Recently, extracellular vesicles such as exosomes have emerged as cell-free therapeutic agents owing to their ability of cell-to-cell communication. In particular, exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential for tissue regeneration and exhibit therapeutic effectiveness in neurological disorders. In this study, we isolated exosomes from human epidural adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hEpi AD–MSCs) using the tangential flow filtration method. The isolated exosomes were analyzed for size, concentration, shape, and major surface markers using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. To evaluate their effect on SCI recovery, hEpi AD–MSC exosomes were injected intravenously in SCI-induced rats. hEpi AD–MSC exosomes improved the locomotor function of SCI-induced rats. The results of histopathological and cytokine assays showed that hEpi AD–MSC exosomes regulated inflammatory response. Genetic profiling of the rat spinal cord tissues revealed changes in the expression of inflammation-related genes after exosome administration. Collectively, hEpi AD–MSC exosomes are effective in restoring spinal functions by reducing the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Eun Sung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Sijoon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Minkyoung Sung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Sang-Gu Yim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Ju-Hyeon Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyochung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (H.-G.S.)
- Company Culture Team, Kolmar Korea Holdings 61, Heolleung-ro 8 gill, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06800, Korea
| | - Hyun-Gyu Seok
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyochung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (H.-G.S.)
| | - Seung-Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.Y.); (G.-W.L.); Tel.: +82-55-350-5382 (S.-Y.Y.); +82-53-620-3642 (G.-W.L.)
| | - Gun-Woo Lee
- Cellexobio, Co., Ltd., Daegu 42415, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyochung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (H.-G.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.Y.); (G.-W.L.); Tel.: +82-55-350-5382 (S.-Y.Y.); +82-53-620-3642 (G.-W.L.)
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90
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Shang Z, Wang R, Li D, Chen J, Zhang B, Wang M, Wang X, Wanyan P. Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Strategies Based on 15 Types of Stem Cells in Animal Models. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819861. [PMID: 35359872 PMCID: PMC8964098 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The optimal therapeutic strategies of stem cells for spinal cord injury (SCI) are fully explored in animal studies to promote the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice, also to provide guidance for future animal experiments and clinical studies. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wangfang, VIP, and CBM were searched from inception to September 2021. Screening of search results, data extraction, and references quality evaluation were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Results and Discussion: A total of 188 studies were included for data analysis. Results of traditional meta-analysis showed that all 15 diverse types of stem cells could significantly improve locomotor function of animals with SCI, and results of further network meta-analysis showed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the greatest therapeutic potential for SCI. Moreover, a higher dose (≥1 × 106) of stem cell transplantation had better therapeutic effect, transplantation in the subacute phase (3–14 days, excluding 3 days) was the optimal timing, and intralesional transplantation was the optimal route. However, the evidence of current animal studies is of limited quality, and more high-quality research is needed to further explore the optimal therapeutic strategies of stem cells, while the design and implementation of experiments, as well as measurement and reporting of results for animal studies, need to be further improved and standardized to reduce the risk when the results of animal studies are translated to the clinic. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinlei Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Pingping Wanyan,
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Pingping Wanyan,
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91
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Han B, Liang W, Hai Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Ding H, Yang J, Yin P. Elucidating the Potential Mechanisms Underlying Distraction Spinal Cord Injury-Associated Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839313. [PMID: 35265624 PMCID: PMC8898939 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of distraction spinal cord injury (DSCI), which results from spinal cord ischemia due to vascular compromise and spinal cord tract disturbances, remains high. Furthermore, because no ideal animal model that mimics DSCI in clinical settings is available thus far, the related molecular mechanisms underlying DSCI remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to establish a porcine model of DSCI and investigate the neuroinflammation and apoptosis mechanisms in these pigs. Before surgery, all pigs were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, osteotomy surgery only; the incomplete distraction spinal cord injury (IDSCI) and complete distraction spinal cord injury (CDSCI) group, osteotomy plus DSCI surgery with a motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude decreased by approximately 75% and 100%, respectively. After surgery, modified Tarlov scoring and MRC muscle strength scoring were used to evaluate neurologic function in each group. We observed the distracted spinal cord using MRI, and then all pigs were sacrificed. Inflammatory cytokine levels in the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were also analyzed. We used immunofluorescence staining to assess the neuronal and microglial structure and function and astrocyte hyperplasia in the central DSCI lesions (T15). Western blotting was used to determine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Results showed that the modified Tarlov scoring and muscle strength decreased significantly in the two DSCI groups. T2-MRI showed a relative enhancement at the center of the DSCI lesions. H&E and Lxol fast blue staining revealed that spinal cord distraction destroyed the normal structure of spinal cord tissues and nerve fiber tracts, exacerbating inflammatory cell infiltration, hyperemia, and edema. The IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels increased in the spinal cord and CSF following DSCI. Immunofluorescence staining results indicated the GFAP, Iba-1 expression increased following DSCI, whereas the NeuN expression reduced. Moreover, DSCI promoted the protein expression of P53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and Caspase-3 in the spinal cord tissues, whereas it reduced the Bcl-2 expression. This study successfully established a porcine DSCI model that closely mimics DSCI in clinical settings, and clarified the mechanisms underlying DSCI-associated neuroinflammation and apoptosis; thus, our findings highlight potential DSCI-treatment strategies for further establishing suitable drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jincai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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92
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Li J, Huang J, Chen L, Ren W, Cai W. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells contribute to the reconstruction of bladder function after acute spinal cord injury via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4844-4856. [PMID: 35152833 PMCID: PMC8973731 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between spinal cord injury (SCI) and bladder symptoms has been intensively described. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) treatment is beneficial to the recovery of bladder function after SCI, but its mechanism is unclear. We established an SCI model, and prepared hUC-MSCs in advance, followed by verification using flow cytometry. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score and urodynamic index were employed to evaluate motor function and bladder functions, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, luxol fast blue staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were utilized to assess pathological changes. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expressions in bladder tissues. The immunophenotypes of the HUC-MSCs were CD90+ and CD105+, but CD34-, CD45- and HLA-DR-. Rats appeared severe motor dysfunction after SCI, but the BBB score was increased in hUC-MSCs after the second week. Pathologically, the improvement of the lesion area on the dorsal spinal cord, augmented anterior gray horn neuron cells of the spinal cord and lessened bladder tissue remodeling (fibrosis, collagen deposition) as well as modulated inflammation could be observed. Besides, SCI increased bladder weight, bladder capacity, urine volume and residual urine volume, and decreased urination efficiency. HUC-MSCs ameliorated SCI-induced pathological changes and bladder functions, the expressions of Collagen I, Collagen III, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), phospho-p38, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, Toll-like receptor 4 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB). To sum up, HUC-MSCs contribute to the reconstruction of bladder function after SCI by repressing p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Li
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiliang Huang
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhi Cai
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
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93
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Xin YY, Wang JX, Xu AJ. Electroacupuncture ameliorates neuroinflammation in animal models. Acupunct Med 2022; 40:474-483. [PMID: 35229660 DOI: 10.1177/09645284221076515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation refers to a wide range of immune responses occurring in the brain or spinal cord. It is closely related to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, for which it potentially represents a new direction for treatment. Electroacupuncture (EA) is one method of acupuncture treatment, which can be used as an adjuvant therapy for many diseases. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms of EA in the reduction of neuroinflammation, summarizes relevant basic research and outlines future directions for investigation. Findings: A growing body of basic research has shown that EA can ameliorate neuroinflammation centrally (in animal models of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease and vascular dementia) and peripherally (e.g. after a surgical insult or injection of lipopolysaccharide) and that its effects involve different molecular mechanisms, including activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway and P2 type purinergic receptors, inhibition of nuclear factor κB, and mitigation of damage secondary to oxidative stress and NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation. Conclusions: EA is capable of regulating multiple cell signal transduction pathways to alleviate neuroinflammation in animal models. Although the findings of animal studies are encouraging, further prospective clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy of EA for the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-yang Xin
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-xu Wang
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ai-jun Xu
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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94
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Choi Y, Shin T. Alendronate Enhances Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:54-64. [PMID: 35256544 PMCID: PMC8907254 DOI: 10.5607/en21030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a destructive disease characterized by motor/sensory dysfunction and severe inflammation. Alendronate is an anti-inflammatory molecule and may therefore be of benefit in the treatment of the inflammation associated with spinal cord injury. This study aimed to evaluate whether alendronate attenuates motor/sensory dysfunction and the inflammatory response in a thoracic spinal cord clip injury model. Alendronate was intraperitoneally administered at 1 mg/kg/day or 5 mg/kg/day from day (D) 0 to 28 post-injury (PI). The histopathological evaluation showed an alleviation of the inflammatory response, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and a decrease in gliosis. Alendronate also led to reductions in the levels of inflammation-related molecules, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, p53, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-inflammatory mediators. Neuro-behavioral assessments, including the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale for locomotor function, the von Frey filament test, the hot plate test, and the cold stimulation test for sensory function, and the horizontal ladder test for sensorimotor function improved significantly in the alendronate-treated group at D28PI. Taken together, these results suggest that alendronate treatment can inhibit the inflammatory response in spinal cord injury thus improving functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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95
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Sato M, Nakamura S, Inada E, Takabayashi S. Recent Advances in the Production of Genome-Edited Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052548. [PMID: 35269691 PMCID: PMC8910656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat is an important animal model for understanding gene function and developing human disease models. Knocking out a gene function in rats was difficult until recently, when a series of genome editing (GE) technologies, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the type II bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems were successfully applied for gene modification (as exemplified by gene-specific knockout and knock-in) in the endogenous target genes of various organisms including rats. Owing to its simple application for gene modification and its ease of use, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is now commonly used worldwide. The most important aspect of this process is the selection of the method used to deliver GE components to rat embryos. In earlier stages, the microinjection (MI) of GE components into the cytoplasm and/or nuclei of a zygote was frequently employed. However, this method is associated with the use of an expensive manipulator system, the skills required to operate it, and the egg transfer (ET) of MI-treated embryos to recipient females for further development. In vitro electroporation (EP) of zygotes is next recognized as a simple and rapid method to introduce GE components to produce GE animals. Furthermore, in vitro transduction of rat embryos with adeno-associated viruses is potentially effective for obtaining GE rats. However, these two approaches also require ET. The use of gene-engineered embryonic stem cells or spermatogonial stem cells appears to be of interest to obtain GE rats; however, the procedure itself is difficult and laborious. Genome-editing via oviductal nucleic acids delivery (GONAD) (or improved GONAD (i-GONAD)) is a novel method allowing for the in situ production of GE zygotes existing within the oviductal lumen. This can be performed by the simple intraoviductal injection of GE components and subsequent in vivo EP toward the injected oviducts and does not require ET. In this review, we describe the development of various approaches for producing GE rats together with an assessment of their technical advantages and limitations, and present new GE-related technologies and current achievements using those rats in relation to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +81-3-3416-0181 (M.S.); +81-53-435-2001 (S.T.)
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan;
| | - Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +81-3-3416-0181 (M.S.); +81-53-435-2001 (S.T.)
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96
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Zheng Y, Zhao D, Xue DD, Mao YR, Cao LY, Zhang Y, Zhu GY, Yang Q, Xu DS. Nerve root magnetic stimulation improves locomotor function following spinal cord injury with electrophysiological improvements and cortical synaptic reconstruction. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2036-2042. [PMID: 35142694 PMCID: PMC8848603 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a spinal cord injury, there are usually a number of neural pathways that remain intact in the spinal cord. These residual nerve fibers are important, as they could be used to reconstruct the neural circuits that enable motor function. Our group previously designed a novel magnetic stimulation protocol, targeting the motor cortex and the spinal nerve roots, that led to significant improvements in locomotor function in patients with a chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. Here, we investigated how nerve root magnetic stimulation contributes to improved locomotor function using a rat model of spinal cord injury. Rats underwent surgery to clamp the spinal cord at T10; three days later, the rats were treated with repetitive magnetic stimulation (5 Hz, 25 pulses/train, 20 pulse trains) targeting the nerve roots at the L5–L6 vertebrae. The treatment was repeated five times a week over a period of three weeks. We found that the nerve root magnetic stimulation improved the locomotor function and enhanced nerve conduction in the injured spinal cord. In addition, the nerve root magnetic stimulation promoted the recovery of synaptic ultrastructure in the sensorimotor cortex. Overall, the results suggest that nerve root magnetic stimulation may be an effective, noninvasive method for mobilizing the residual spinal cord pathways to promote the recovery of locomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ye-Ran Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yun Cao
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Yue Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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97
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Samejima S, Ievins AM, Boissenin A, Tolley NM, Khorasani A, Mondello SE, Moritz CT. Automated lever task with minimum antigravity movement for rats with cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 366:109433. [PMID: 34863839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is currently no cure for paralysis due to spinal cord injury (SCI), the highest treatment priority is restoring arm and hand function for people with cervical SCI. Preclinical animal models provide an opportunity to test innovative treatments, but severe cervical injury models require significant time and effort to assess responses to novel interventions. Moreover, there is no behavioral task that can assess forelimb movement in rats with severe cervical SCI unable to perform antigravity movements. NEW METHOD We developed a novel lever pressing task for rats with severe cervical SCI. We employed an automated adaptive algorithm to train animals using open-source software and commercially available hardware. We found that using the adaptive training required only 13.3 ± 2.5 training days to achieve behavioral proficiency. The lever press task could quantify immediate and long-term improvements in severely impaired forelimb function effectively. This behavior platform has potential to facilitate rehabilitative training and assess effects of therapeutic modalities following SCI. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS There is no existing assessment aiming to quantify forelimb extension movement in rodents without function against gravity. We found that the new lever press task in the antigravity position could assess the severity of cervical SCI as well as the compensatory movement in the proximal forelimb less affected by the injury. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the new behavioral task is capable of tracking the functional changes with various therapies in rats with severe forelimb impairments in a cost- and time-efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Samejima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; UW Institute for Neural Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; The Center for Neurotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aiva M Ievins
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Adrien Boissenin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicholas M Tolley
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Abed Khorasani
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sarah E Mondello
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chet T Moritz
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; UW Institute for Neural Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; The Center for Neurotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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98
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WU B, LIANG X, ZHAO F, FAN W, LI C, ZHAO B, REN J. Clinic serum levels of Plin5 is therapeutic target of spinal cord injury and Plin5 reduced inflammation in spinal cord injury via silent information regulator 1 dependent inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.51121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei FAN
- Shanxi Medical University, China
| | | | - Bin ZHAO
- Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jie REN
- Shanxi Medical University, China
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99
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Wang TY, Park C, Zhang H, Rahimpour S, Murphy KR, Goodwin CR, Karikari IO, Than KD, Shaffrey CI, Foster N, Abd-El-Barr MM. Management of Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of the Literature. Front Surg 2021; 8:698736. [PMID: 34966774 PMCID: PMC8710452 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.698736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a debilitating disease that poses significant functional and economic burden on both the individual and societal levels. Prognosis is dependent on the extent of the spinal injury and the severity of neurological dysfunction. If not treated rapidly, patients with TSCI can suffer further secondary damage and experience escalating disability and complications. It is important to quickly assess the patient to identify the location and severity of injury to make a decision to pursue a surgical and/or conservative management. However, there are many conditions that factor into the management of TSCI patients, ranging from the initial presentation of the patient to long-term care for optimal recovery. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the etiologies of spinal cord injury and the complications that may arise, and present an algorithm to aid in the management of TSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Y Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christine Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hanci Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shervin Rahimpour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kelly R Murphy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Isaac O Karikari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Khoi D Than
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher I Shaffrey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Norah Foster
- Premier Orthopedics, Centerville, OH, United States
| | - Muhammad M Abd-El-Barr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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100
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Depleted histone deacetylase 3 or restored microRNA-19b-1-5p facilitates recovery of spinal cord injury via inactivating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Genomics 2021; 114:110262. [PMID: 34971719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We intended to discuss the influence of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) on spinal cord injury (SCI) by regulating microRNA-19b-1-5p (miR-19b-1-5p) and janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway. In a rat model, the role of HDAC3 and miR-19b-1-5p in SCI was identified through detecting motor function, serum inflammation, pathological damage, cell apoptosis and GFAP expression. Also, by measuring GFAP expression and migration of spinal cord astrocytes, the effects of HDAC3 and miR-19b-1-5p in SCI were identified in vitro. Restoration of miR-19b-1-5p or depletion of HDAC3 attenuated motor function, inflammation, pathological damage and apoptosis, and reduced GFAP expression in the spinal cord tissue of SCI rats. Up-regulating miR-19b-1-5p or down-regulating HDAC3 decreased migration and GFAP expression of injured astrocytes. Our study presents that down-regulated HDAC3 can facilitate the recovery of SCI via inhibiting the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway by up-regulating miR-19b-1-5p.
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