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Theret M, Mounier R, Rossi F. The origins and non-canonical functions of macrophages in development and regeneration. Development 2019; 146:146/9/dev156000. [PMID: 31048317 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new non-canonical (i.e. non-innate immune) functions of macrophages has been a recurring theme over the past 20 years. Indeed, it has emerged that macrophages can influence the development, homeostasis, maintenance and regeneration of many tissues and organs, including skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, the brain and the liver, in part by acting directly on tissue-resident stem cells. In addition, macrophages play crucial roles in diseases such as obesity-associated diabetes or cancers. Increased knowledge of their regulatory roles within each tissue will therefore help us to better understand the full extent of their functions and could highlight new mechanisms modulating disease pathogenesis. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated the developmental origins of various macrophage populations and summarize our knowledge of the non-canonical functions of macrophages in development, regeneration and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Theret
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institut Neuromyogène, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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52
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Tu CL, Celli A, Mauro T, Chang W. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Regulates Epidermal Intracellular Ca 2+ Signaling and Re-Epithelialization after Wounding. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:919-929. [PMID: 30404020 PMCID: PMC6431556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o) is a crucial regulator of epidermal homeostasis and its receptor, the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR), conveys the Ca2+o signals to promote keratinocyte adhesion, differentiation, and survival via activation of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) and E-cadherin-mediated signaling. Here, we took genetic loss-of-function approaches to delineate the functions of CaSR in wound re-epithelialization. Cutaneous injury triggered a robust CaSR expression and a surge of Ca2+i in epidermis. CaSR and E-cadherin were co-expressed at the cell-cell membrane between migratory keratinocytes in the nascent epithelial tongues. Blocking the expression of CaSR or E-cadherin in cultured keratinocytes markedly inhibited the wound-induced Ca2+i propagation and their ability to migrate collectively. Depleting CaSR also suppressed keratinocyte proliferation by downregulating the E-cadherin/epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling axis. Blunted epidermal Ca2+i response to wounding and retarded wound healing were observed in the keratinocyte-specific CaSR knockout (EpidCasr-/-) mice, whose shortened neo-epithelia exhibited declined E-cadherin expression and diminished keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Conversely, stimulating endogenous CaSR with calcimimetic NPS-R568 accelerated wound re-epithelialization through enhancing the epidermal Ca2+i signals and E-cadherin membrane expression. These findings demonstrated a critical role for the CaSR in epidermal regeneration and its therapeutic potential for improving skin wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Anna Celli
- Dermatology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Theodora Mauro
- Dermatology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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53
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Thönes S, Rother S, Wippold T, Blaszkiewicz J, Balamurugan K, Moeller S, Ruiz-Gómez G, Schnabelrauch M, Scharnweber D, Saalbach A, Rademann J, Pisabarro MT, Hintze V, Anderegg U. Hyaluronan/collagen hydrogels containing sulfated hyaluronan improve wound healing by sustained release of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:135-147. [PMID: 30660005 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional biomaterials that are able to bind, stabilize and release bioactive proteins in a defined manner are required for the controlled delivery of such to the desired place of action, stimulating wound healing in health-compromised patients. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) represent a very promising group of components since they may be functionally engineered and are well tolerated by the recipient tissues due to their relative immunological inertness. Ligands of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) activate keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts and, thus, contribute to skin wound healing. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) bound to GAG in biomaterials (e.g. hydrogels) might serve as a reservoir that induces prolonged activation of the EGF receptor and to recover disturbed wound healing. Based on previous findings, the capacity of hyaluronan (HA) and its sulfated derivatives (sHA) to bind and release HB-EGF from HA/collagen-based hydrogels was investigated. Docking and molecular dynamics analysis of a molecular model of HB-EGF led to the identification of residues in the heparin-binding domain of the protein being essential for the recognition of GAG derivatives. Furthermore, molecular modeling and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses demonstrated that sulfation of HA increases binding strength to HB-EGF thus providing a rationale for the development of sHA-containing hydrogels. In line with computational observations and in agreement with SPR results, gels containing sHA displayed a retarded HB-EGF release in vitro compared to pure HA/collagen gels. Hydrogels containing HA and collagen or a mixture with sHA were shown to bind and release bioactive HB-EGF over at least 72 h, which induced keratinocyte migration, EGFR-signaling and HGF expression in dermal fibroblasts. Importantly, hydrogels containing sHA strongly increased the effectivity of HB-EGF in inducing epithelial tip growth in epithelial wounds shown in a porcine skin organ culture model. These findings suggest that hydrogels containing HA and sHA can be engineered for smart and effective wound dressings. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immobilization and sustained release of recombinant proteins from functional biomaterials might overcome the limited success of direct application of non-protected solute growth factors during the treatment of impaired wound healing. We developed HA/collagen-based hydrogels supplemented with acrylated sulfated HA for binding and release of HB-EGF. We analyzed the molecular basis of HB-EGF interaction with HA and its chemical derivatives by in silico modeling and surface plasmon resonance. These hydrogels bind HB-EGF reversibly. Using different in vitro assays and organ culture we demonstrate that the introduction of sulfated HA into the hydrogels significantly increases the effectivity of HB-EGF action on target cells. Therefore, sulfated HA-containing hydrogels are promising functional biomaterials for the development of mediator releasing wound dressings.
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54
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White shark genome reveals ancient elasmobranch adaptations associated with wound healing and the maintenance of genome stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4446-4455. [PMID: 30782839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819778116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The white shark (Carcharodon carcharias; Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) is one of the most publicly recognized marine animals. Here we report the genome sequence of the white shark and comparative evolutionary genomic analyses to the chondrichthyans, whale shark (Elasmobranchii) and elephant shark (Holocephali), as well as various vertebrates. The 4.63-Gbp white shark genome contains 24,520 predicted genes, and has a repeat content of 58.5%. We provide evidence for a history of positive selection and gene-content enrichments regarding important genome stability-related genes and functional categories, particularly so for the two elasmobranchs. We hypothesize that the molecular adaptive emphasis on genome stability in white and whale sharks may reflect the combined selective pressure of large genome sizes, high repeat content, high long-interspersed element retrotransposon representation, large body size, and long lifespans, represented across these two species. Molecular adaptation for wound healing was also evident, with positive selection in key genes involved in the wound-healing process, as well as Gene Ontology enrichments in fundamental wound-healing pathways. Sharks, particularly apex predators such as the white shark, are believed to have an acute sense of smell. However, we found very few olfactory receptor genes, very few trace amine-associated receptors, and extremely low numbers of G protein-coupled receptors. We did however, identify 13 copies of vomeronasal type 2 (V2R) genes in white shark and 10 in whale shark; this, combined with the over 30 V2Rs reported previously for elephant shark, suggests this gene family may underlie the keen odorant reception of chondrichthyans.
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55
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Uchiyama A, Nayak S, Graf R, Cross M, Hasneen K, Gutkind JS, Brooks SR, Morasso MI. SOX2 Epidermal Overexpression Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing via Activation of EGFR/MEK/ERK Signaling Mediated by EGFR Ligands. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1809-1820.e8. [PMID: 30772301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosa contains a unique transcriptional network that primes oral wounds for rapid resolution in humans. Our previous work identified genes that were consistently upregulated in the oral mucosa and demonstrated that induction of one of the identified genes, transcription factor SOX2, promoted cutaneous wound healing in mice. In this study, we investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which SOX2 accelerates wound healing in skin. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that SOX2 induced a proliferative and wound-activated phenotype in skin keratinocytes prior to wounding. During wound healing, SOX2 induced proliferation of epithelial and connective tissue cells and promoted angiogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that SOX2 directly regulates expression of EGFR ligands, resulting in activation of EGFR. In vitro, skin keratinocytes overexpressing SOX2 promoted cell migration via the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway. We conclude that induction of SOX2 in skin keratinocytes accelerates cutaneous wound healing by promoting keratinocyte migration and proliferation, and enhancement of angiogenesis via upregulation of EGFR ligands and activation of EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway. Through the identification of putative cutaneous SOX2 targets, such as HBEGF, this study opens venues to determine clinical targets for treatment of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Subhashree Nayak
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rose Graf
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Cross
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kowser Hasneen
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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56
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stana
- Specialist in Vascular Surgery; Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Klinik für operative und interventionelle Gefäßchirurgie, Krankenhausstraße 20, DE-83569 Vogtareuth, Germany
| | - Uroš Maver
- Head of Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Assistant Professor in Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Head of Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Professor of Biochemistry and Genetics; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Center for human molecular genetics and pharmacogenomics, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. University of Maribor, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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57
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Liu J, Zhu G, Jia N, Wang W, Wang Y, Yin M, Jiang X, Huang Y, Zhang J. CD9 regulates keratinocyte migration by negatively modulating the sheddase activity of ADAM17. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:493-506. [PMID: 30745837 PMCID: PMC6367546 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.29404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD9 is a trans-membrane protein, and has recently been implicated in different physiological and cellular processes, such as cell migration and adhesion. According to previous study, down-regulation of CD9 contributes to keratinocyte migration, critical for wound re-epithelialization. Nevertheless, it is widely believed that tetraspanin CD9 does not have ligands or function as the cell surface receptor, rather it is thought to associate with other transmembrane molecules, thereby mediate keratinocyte migration. Little is known about how CD9 associates with transmembrane molecules in migratory keratinocytes. Here, using confocal microscopy, we observed that tetraspanin CD9 and ADAM17 co-localized on the surface of keratinocytes in the course of wound repair in vivo and in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a direct association between CD9 and ADAM17 in HaCaT cells and C57-MKs. Functional studies revealed that down-regulation or over-expression of CD9 exerted negative regulatory effects on ADAM17 sheddase activity. This activity is involved in CD9-regulated cell motility and migration. Further studies found that ADAM17 inhibitor-TAPI-2 or siADAM17 significantly abolished the enhanced effect of keratinocyte migration induced by CD9 down-regulation. Meanwhile, the sheddase activity of ADAM17 was inhibited by TAPI-2, which decreased this release of AREG and HB-EGF in CD9-silenced HaCat cells and C57-MKs. Importantly, neutralizing antibody against HB-EGF significant weakened keratinocyte migration and motility in CD9-silenced keratinocytes, and the inhibition of CD9-regulated keratinocyte migration by siADAM17 was rescued by addition of recombinant HB-EGF, activating EGFR/ERK pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that ADAM17 sheddase activity is activated by down-regulation of CD9, thereby mediating shedding of HB-EGF and activation of EGFR/ERK signaling, which crucially affects the keratinocyte migration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqin Zhu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Naixin Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meifang Yin
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuping Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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58
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Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Its Ligands in Kidney Inflammation and Damage. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8739473. [PMID: 30670929 PMCID: PMC6323488 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8739473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive fibrosis, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. Although many studies have investigated the factors involved in the progressive deterioration of renal function, current therapeutic strategies only delay disease progression, leaving an unmet need for effective therapeutic interventions that target the cause behind the inflammatory process and could slow down or reverse the development and progression of CKD. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (ERBB1), a membrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in the kidney, is activated after renal damage, and preclinical studies have evidenced its potential as a therapeutic target in CKD therapy. To date, seven official EGFR ligands have been described, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) (canonical ligand), transforming growth factor-α, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, amphiregulin, betacellulin, epiregulin, and epigen. Recently, the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) has been described as a novel EGFR ligand. The direct activation of EGFR by its ligands can exert different cellular responses, depending on the specific ligand, tissue, and pathological condition. Among all EGFR ligands, CTGF/CCN2 is of special relevance in CKD. This growth factor, by binding to EGFR and downstream signaling pathway activation, regulates renal inflammation, cell growth, and fibrosis. EGFR can also be “transactivated” by extracellular stimuli, including several key factors involved in renal disease, such as angiotensin II, transforming growth factor beta (TGFB), and other cytokines, including members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, showing another important mechanism involved in renal pathology. The aim of this review is to summarize the contribution of EGFR pathway activation in experimental kidney damage, with special attention to the regulation of the inflammatory response and the role of some EGFR ligands in this process. Better insights in EGFR signaling in renal disease could improve our current knowledge of renal pathology contributing to therapeutic strategies for CKD development and progression.
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59
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Chen X, Cai G, Liu C, Zhao J, Gu C, Wu L, Hamilton TA, Zhang CJ, Ko J, Zhu L, Qin J, Vidimos A, Koyfman S, Gastman BR, Jensen KB, Li X. IL-17R-EGFR axis links wound healing to tumorigenesis in Lrig1 + stem cells. J Exp Med 2018; 216:195-214. [PMID: 30578323 PMCID: PMC6314525 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides mechanistic insight into how IL-17 receptor adopts EGFR to activate ERK5 axis in Lrig1+ stem cells for their proliferation and migration during wounding healing and tumorigenesis. Lrig1 marks a distinct population of stem cells restricted to the upper pilosebaceous unit in normal epidermis. Here we report that IL-17A–mediated activation of EGFR plays a critical role in the expansion and migration of Lrig1+ stem cells and their progenies in response to wounding, thereby promoting wound healing and skin tumorigenesis. Lrig1-specific deletion of the IL-17R adaptor Act1 or EGFR in mice impairs wound healing and reduces tumor formation. Mechanistically, IL-17R recruits EGFR for IL-17A–mediated signaling in Lrig1+ stem cells. While TRAF4, enriched in Lrig1+ stem cells, tethers IL-17RA and EGFR, Act1 recruits c-Src for IL-17A–induced EGFR transactivation and downstream activation of ERK5, which promotes the expansion and migration of Lrig1+ stem cells. This study demonstrates that IL-17A activates the IL-17R–EGFR axis in Lrig1+ stem cells linking wound healing to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Chunfang Gu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Thomas A Hamilton
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Cun-Jin Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jennifer Ko
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Shlomo Koyfman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brian R Gastman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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60
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ERK activating peptide, AES16-2M promotes wound healing through accelerating migration of keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14398. [PMID: 30258088 PMCID: PMC6158248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an important issue that influences quality of life, and the need for products associated with wound healing is growing annually. New materials and therapies for skin wounds are being continuously researched and developed in order to increase treatment efficacy. Here, we show that the peptide AES16-2M comprised of five short amino acid sequences (REGRT) demonstrates efficacy in wound healing. AES16-2M exerted more effective healing than the control in an acute wound model, and tissue regeneration was similar to that of normal tissue in AES16-2M-treated skin. We found that the increase in re-epithelialization by AES16-2M early in wound development was due to migration of keratinocytes; a scratch assay using a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) also demonstrated effective wound closure by AES16-2M. The migration of keratinocytes effected by AES16-2M was promoted through ERK phosphorylation and blocked with U0126, an ERK inhibitor. Moreover, AES16-2M treatment stimulated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) migration as well as keratinocyte. Taken together, these results suggest that AES16-2M can be an effective therapeutic agent for wound healing by promoting migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts via ERK phosphorylation.
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61
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Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor as a Critical Mediator of Tissue Repair and Regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2446-2456. [PMID: 30142332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family. It contains an EGF-like domain as well as a heparin-binding domain that allows for interactions with heparin and cell-surface heparan sulfate. Soluble mature HB-EGF, a ligand of human epidermal growth factor receptors 1 and 4, is cleaved from the membrane-associated pro-HB-EGF by matrix metalloproteinase or a disintegrin and metalloproteinase in a process called ectodomain shedding. Signaling through human epidermal growth factor receptors 1 and 4 results in a variety of effects, including cellular proliferation, migration, adhesion, and differentiation. HB-EGF levels increase in response to different forms of injuries as well as stimuli, such as lysophosphatidic acid, retinoic acid, and 17β-estradiol. Because it is widely expressed in many organs, HB-EGF plays a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration throughout the body. It promotes cutaneous wound healing, hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy, intestinal anastomosis strength, alveolar regeneration after pneumonectomy, neurogenesis after ischemic injury, bladder wall thickening in response to urinary tract obstruction, and protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury to many cell types. Additionally, innovative strategies to deliver HB-EGF to sites of organ injury or to increase the endogenous levels of shed HB-EGF have been attempted with promising results. Harnessing the reparatory properties of HB-EGF in the clinical setting, therefore, may produce therapies that augment the treatment of various organ injuries.
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62
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Tacheau C, Weisgerber F, Fagot D, Bastien P, Verdier MP, Liboutet M, Sore G, Bernard BA. Vichy Thermal Spring Water (VTSW), a cosmetic ingredient of potential interest in the frame of skin ageing exposome: anin vitrostudy. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:377-387. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Fagot
- L'Oréal R&I; Aulnay-sous-Bois; France
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63
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Differential Role of the RasGEFs Sos1 and Sos2 in Mouse Skin Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00049-18. [PMID: 29844066 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00049-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Sos1 knockout (Sos1-KO), Sos2-KO, and Sos1/2 double-knockout (Sos1/2-DKO) mice, we assessed the functional role of Sos1 and Sos2 in skin homeostasis under physiological and/or pathological conditions. Sos1 depletion resulted in significant alterations of skin homeostasis, including reduced keratinocyte proliferation, altered hair follicle and blood vessel integrity in dermis, and reduced adipose tissue in hypodermis. These defects worsened significantly when both Sos1 and Sos2 were absent. Simultaneous Sos1/2 disruption led to severe impairment of the ability to repair skin wounds, as well as to almost complete ablation of the neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response in the injury site. Furthermore, Sos1 disruption delayed the onset of tumor initiation, decreased tumor growth, and prevented malignant progression of papillomas in a DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene)/TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced skin carcinogenesis model. Finally, Sos1 depletion in preexisting chemically induced papillomas resulted also in decreased tumor growth, probably linked to significantly reduced underlying keratinocyte proliferation. Our data unveil novel, distinctive mechanistic roles of Sos 1 and Sos2 in physiological control of skin homeostasis and wound repair, as well as in pathological development of chemically induced skin tumors. These observations underscore the essential role of Sos proteins in cellular proliferation and migration and support the consideration of these RasGEFs as potential biomarkers/therapy targets in Ras-driven epidermal tumors.
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64
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Sundaram GM, Quah S, Sampath P. Cancer: the dark side of wound healing. FEBS J 2018; 285:4516-4534. [PMID: 29905002 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Complex multicellular organisms have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to rapidly resolve epithelial injuries. Epithelial integrity is critical to maintaining internal homeostasis. An epithelial breach represents the potential for pathogen ingress and fluid loss, both of which may have severe consequences if not limited. The mammalian wound healing response involves a finely tuned, self-limiting series of cellular and molecular events orchestrated by the transient activation of specific signalling pathways. Accurate regulation of these events is essential; failure to initiate key steps at the right time delays healing and leads to chronic wounds, while aberrant initiation of wound healing processes may produce cell behaviours that promote cancer progression. In this review, we discuss how wound healing pathways co-opted in cancer lose their stringent regulation and become compromised in their reversibility. We hypothesize on how the commandeering of wound healing 'master regulators' is involved in this process, and also highlight the implications of these findings in the treatment of both chronic wounds and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath M Sundaram
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Shan Quah
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Prabha Sampath
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
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65
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Koda T, Shirato K, Takanari J, Imai H. Enzyme-Treated Asparagus Extract (ETAS) Facilitates the Turnover of UV-B-Irradiated Keratinocytes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:138-142. [PMID: 29710031 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) is prepared from the lower, residual parts of asparagus, and some functionalities, such as anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities, have been suggested. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ETAS on photoaging in the epidermal layer of the skin using cultured keratinocytes. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes were irradiated or left unirradiated with UV-B (10 mJ/cm2) and incubated with ETAS (0.5 or 2 mg/mL) or vehicle. After 3 or 13 h, molecular examinations were performed, and after 24 or 48 h, cell viabilities were determined by a CCK-8 assay. ETAS addition may induce keratinocyte migration and proliferation as well as apoptosis under molecular examination. These results suggest that ETAS might accelerate turnover of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Koda
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University
| | - Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | | | - Hideki Imai
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University
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Hoesl C, Röhrl JM, Schneider MR, Dahlhoff M. The receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB4 is expressed in skin keratinocytes and influences epidermal proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:958-966. [PMID: 29410073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and associated receptors ERBB2 and ERBB3 are important for skin development and homeostasis. To date, ERBB4 could not be unambiguously identified in the epidermis. The aim of this study was to analyze the ERBB-receptor family with a special focus on ERBB4 in vitro in human keratinocytes and in vivo in human and murine epidermis. METHODS We compared the transcript levels of all ERBB-receptors and the seven EGFR-ligands in HaCaT and A431 cells. ERBB-receptor activity was analyzed after epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation by Western blot analysis. The location of the receptors was investigated by immunofluorescence in human keratinocytes and skin. Finally, we investigated the function of ERBB4 in the epidermis of skin-specific ERBB4-knockout mice. RESULTS After EGF stimulation, all ligands were upregulated except for epigen. Expression levels of EGFR were unchanged, but all other ERBB-receptors were down-regulated after EGF stimulation, although all ERBB-receptors were phosphorylated. We detected ERBB4 at mRNA and protein levels in both human epidermal cell lines and in the basal layer of human and murine epidermis. Skin-specific ERBB4-knockout mice revealed a significantly reduced epidermal thickness with a decreased proliferation rate. CONCLUSIONS ERBB4 is expressed in the basal layer of human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes as well as in murine epidermis. Moreover, ERBB4 is phosphorylated in HaCaT cells due to EGF stimulation, and its deletion in murine epidermis affects skin thickness by decreasing proliferation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE ERBB4 is expressed in human keratinocytes and plays a role in murine skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hoesl
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer M Röhrl
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Sciacchitano S, Lavra L, Morgante A, Ulivieri A, Magi F, De Francesco GP, Bellotti C, Salehi LB, Ricci A. Galectin-3: One Molecule for an Alphabet of Diseases, from A to Z. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020379. [PMID: 29373564 PMCID: PMC5855601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) regulates basic cellular functions such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. It is not surprising, therefore, that this protein is involved in the pathogenesis of many relevant human diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, chronic inflammation and scarring affecting many different tissues. The papers published in the literature have progressively increased in number during the last decades, testifying the great interest given to this protein by numerous researchers involved in many different clinical contexts. Considering the crucial role exerted by Gal-3 in many different clinical conditions, Gal-3 is emerging as a new diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and as a new promising therapeutic target. The current review aims to extensively examine the studies published so far on the role of Gal-3 in all the clinical conditions and diseases, listed in alphabetical order, where it was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Lavra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Morgante
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Ulivieri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorenza Magi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo De Francesco
- Department of Oncological Science, Breast Unit, St Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bellotti
- Operative Unit Surgery of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leila B Salehi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Gadye L, Das D, Sanchez MA, Street K, Baudhuin A, Wagner A, Cole MB, Choi YG, Yosef N, Purdom E, Dudoit S, Risso D, Ngai J, Fletcher RB. Injury Activates Transient Olfactory Stem Cell States with Diverse Lineage Capacities. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:775-790.e9. [PMID: 29174333 PMCID: PMC5728414 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis and regeneration are mediated by programs of adult stem cell renewal and differentiation. However, the mechanisms that regulate stem cell fates under such widely varying conditions are not fully understood. Using single-cell techniques, we assessed the transcriptional changes associated with stem cell self-renewal and differentiation and followed the maturation of stem cell-derived clones using sparse lineage tracing in the regenerating mouse olfactory epithelium. Following injury, quiescent olfactory stem cells rapidly shift to activated, transient states unique to regeneration and tailored to meet the demands of injury-induced repair, including barrier formation and proliferation. Multiple cell fates, including renewed stem cells and committed differentiating progenitors, are specified during this early window of activation. We further show that Sox2 is essential for cells to transition from the activated to neuronal progenitor states. Our study highlights strategies for stem cell-mediated regeneration that may be conserved in other adult stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Gadye
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Diya Das
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael A Sanchez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kelly Street
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ariane Baudhuin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Allon Wagner
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael B Cole
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yoon Gi Choi
- QB3 Functional Genomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth Purdom
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Davide Risso
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John Ngai
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; QB3 Functional Genomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Russell B Fletcher
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Epithelial separation theory for post-tonsillectomy secondary hemorrhage: evidence in a mouse model and potential heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor therapy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 275:569-578. [PMID: 29188436 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide histological evidence to investigate a theory for post-tonsillectomy secondary hemorrhage (PTH) in a mouse model and to evaluate the potential for heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) treatment on wound healing in this model. METHODS A prospective randomized single-blinded cohort study. A uniform tongue wound was created in 84 mice (day 0). Mice were randomized to HB-EGF (treatment, n = 42) or saline (control, n = 42). In treatment mice, HB-EGF 5 µg/ml was administered intramuscularly into the wound daily (days 0-14). In control mice, normal saline was administered daily. Three mice from each group were sacrificed daily through day 14 and the wounds evaluated histologically by blinded reviewers. RESULTS Key stages of wound healing, including keratinocyte proliferation and migration, wound contraction, epithelial separation, and neoangiogenesis, are defined with implications for post-tonsillectomy wound healing. Epithelial separation (59 vs. 100%, p = 0.003) and wound reopening (8 vs. 48%, p < 0.001) were reduced with HB-EGF. Epithelial thickness (220 vs. 30 µm, p = 0.04) was greater with HB-EGF. Wound closure (days 4-5 vs. day 6, p = 0.01) occurred earlier with HB-EGF. CONCLUSIONS In healing of oral keratinocytes on muscle epithelial separation secondary to muscle, contraction occurs concurrently with neoangiogenesis in the base of the wound, increasing the risk of hemorrhage. This potentially explains why post-tonsillectomy secondary hemorrhage occurs and its timing. HB-EGF-treated wounds showed greater epithelial thickness, less frequent epithelial separation and wound reopening, and earlier wound closure prior to neovascularization, suggesting that HB-EGF may be a potential preventative therapy for PTH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA-animal studies or basic research.
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Hirabayashi M, Asano Y, Yamashita T, Miura S, Nakamura K, Taniguchi T, Saigusa R, Takahashi T, Ichimura Y, Miyagawa T, Yoshizaki A, Miyagaki T, Sugaya M, Sato S. Possible pro-inflammatory role of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in the active phase of systemic sclerosis. J Dermatol 2017; 45:182-188. [PMID: 29044628 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family growth factors, which affects multiple aspects of the wound healing process such as epithelialization, wound contraction and angiogenesis. In our study, we measured the serum HB-EGF levels of 51 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, which showed a significant increase compared with those of 20 normal subjects. Further analysis revealed a positive correlation between the HB-EGF level and pulmonary ground-glass score but no correlation between the former and pulmonary fibrosis score. Other findings include: a significant increase of serum sialylated carbohydrate antigen KL-6 levels and significant shortness of disease duration in the diffuse cutaneous SSc patients with elevated HB-EGF levels; and significantly higher HB-EGF levels in the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon, in that of telangiectasia, and in the absence of contracture of phalanges in all SSc patients. We then evaluated HB-EGF mRNA levels of fibroblasts harvested from skin samples of the SSc patients and those of foreskin-derived fibroblasts treated with transforming growth factor-β, both of which were significantly higher than each control. In conclusion, we speculate that HB-EGF plays a pro-inflammatory role in the active skin and lung lesions of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Saigusa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Ichimura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kizawa K, Fujimori T, Kawai T. Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Promote S100A3 Citrullination in Cultured SW480 Cells and Isolated Hair Follicles. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:516-523. [PMID: 28381806 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human hair shaft is covered with multiple scale-like cuticular layers. During the terminal differentiation stage of immature cuticular cells within the hair follicle, cysteine-rich calcium binding S100A3 protein is predominantly translated, and its arginine residues are converted to citrullines by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADI). In this study, we found several naturally occurring compounds (e.g., hinokitiol, escletin, and quercetin) elevate S100A3 citrullination in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (SW480). Selected compounds similarly promoted cuticular differentiation within isolated human hair follicles. Their promotive activities correlated with the previously reported inhibitory activities of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) in vitro. Microarray analysis revealed that ALOX12 inhibitor remarkably up-regulated heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HBEGF). ALOX12 inhibitor and recombinant HBEGF similarly regulated expression of PADI genes in SW480 cells. In isolated hair follicles, arachidonic acid strongly promoted S100A3 citrullination along with elevation of HBEGF. These results suggest that ALOX12 inhibition efficiently triggers hair cuticle maturation by modulating arachidonate metabolism in concert with HBEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kizawa
- Biological Science Research Laboratory, Kao Corporation
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Dorjsembe B, Lee HJ, Kim M, Dulamjav B, Jigjid T, Nho CW. Achillea asiatica extract and its active compounds induce cutaneous wound healing. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:306-314. [PMID: 28602757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achillea asiatica Serg. is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family that has long been traditionally used to treat acute intestinal and stomach inflammation, persistent fever, ulcers, wounds, and rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the effect of A. asiatica extract (AAE) on cutaneous wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the effect of AAE on wounds, an incisional Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model was topically treated with AAE for 2 weeks. HaCaT keratinocytes, Hs68 dermal fibroblasts, and RAW 264.7 macrophages were used for in vitro experiments. After treatment with AAE, cell viability, cell migration, and production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were investigated. mRNA expression of collagen type I and III and inflammatory cytokines was measured by RT-PCR. The effect of AAE on activation of β-catenin and other markers was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS AAE treatment significantly increased epithelialization and accelerated wound healing in SD rats. Meanwhile, AAE and its active compounds reduced NO and PGE2 release and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages, reflecting anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, AAE and its constituents stimulated collagen expression in Hs68 fibroblasts by activating transforming growth factor-β and stimulated keratinocyte differentiation and motility by inducing β-catenin, Akt, and keratinocyte differentiation markers. CONCLUSIONS AAE improves skin wounds in SD rats and supports keratinocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banzragch Dorjsembe
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Batsuren Dulamjav
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tunsag Jigjid
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
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Rice callus extracts for enhancing skin wound healing. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Combination laser treatment for immediate post-surgical scars: a retrospective analysis of 33 immature scars. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1111-1119. [PMID: 28466198 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The application of laser treatments beginning on the day of stitch removal has been demonstrated to improve scar quality. However, there are few guidelines for the treatment of immature scars (ISs), which are defined as "scars whose features are not yet expressed." The purpose of this study was to extract information about early combination laser treatment (CLT) beyond what is currently known by analyzing 33 pairs of pre-treatment and post-treatment photographs of ISs. Two hundred fifty medical records of patients with scars were reviewed, and 33 scars were included in the study. The included scars were treated with vascular lasers (585 or 532 nm) followed by 1550-nm fractional lasers from May 2014 to July 2015 (fewer than 52 days after stitch removal, Fitzpatrick's skin types III-IV, mean age = 16.0 years). Blinded evaluators (one plastic surgeon and two dermatologists) evaluated the pre-treatment and post-treatment photographs. The pre-treatment photographs were scored on a spectrum from "0," when no difference with the surrounding unaffected skin was observed, to "100," when the worst scarring was present. The pre-treatment and post-treatment photographs were compared, and the results were graded on a spectrum from 0, when no difference between the pre-treatment and post-treatment photographs was observed, to 100, when no difference was observed between the post-treatment skin and the surrounding unaffected skin. Statistical analyses were performed with PASW 17.0, SPSS Korea, Seoul, Korea (p < 0.05). The improvement scores (ImS) and weighted scores (Wtd: i.e., weighted according to the pre-treatment scores) were used as dependent variables. The average improvement score was 87.98 (median = 90). Seventeen cases were scored as 100-point improvements. The facial and non-facial scars exhibited differences in the ImS and Wtd scores. The Wtd scores were negatively correlated with the temporal gap (in days) between stitch removal and the beginning of CLT. No significant difference in the Wtd scores was demonstrated between the two vascular laser groups. Patient age and Wtd score were negatively correlated, and a significant difference was observed in the Wtd scores between the age groups (≥15 and <15 years old). CLT for ISs results in excellent outcomes. Better results are achieved with earlier CLT initiation following stitch removal. Better outcomes can be expected for younger patients and for facial scars. We found that 532 and 585-nm lasers are equally effective for CLT of ISs.
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McQuilling JP, Vines JB, Mowry KC. In vitro assessment of a novel, hypothermically stored amniotic membrane for use in a chronic wound environment. Int Wound J 2017; 14:993-1005. [PMID: 28370981 PMCID: PMC7949938 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds require extensive healing time and place patients at risk of infection and amputation. Recently, a fresh hypothermically stored amniotic membrane (HSAM) was developed and has subsequently shown promise in its ability to effectively heal chronic wounds. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of action that contribute to wound-healing responses observed with HSAM. A proteomic analysis was conducted on HSAM, measuring 25 growth factors specific to wound healing within the grafts. The rate of release of these cytokines from HSAMs was also measured. To model the effect of these cytokines and their role in wound healing, proliferation and migration assays with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes were conducted, along with tube formation assays measuring angiogenesis using media conditioned from HSAM. Additionally, the cell-matrix interactions between fibroblasts and HSAM were investigated. Conditioned media from HSAM significantly increased both fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation and migration and induced more robust tube formation in angiogenesis assays. Fibroblasts cultured on HSAMs were found to migrate into and deposit matrix molecules within the HSAM graft. These collective results suggest that HSAM positively affects various critical pathways in chronic wound healing, lending further support to promising qualitative results seen clinically and providing further validation for ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy B Vines
- Research and Development, NuTech Medical, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Katie C Mowry
- Research and Development, NuTech Medical, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abstract
Purpose: To review the recent data about eyelid morphogenesis, and outline a timeline for eyelid development from the very early stages during embryonic life till final maturation of the eyelid late in fetal life. Methods: The authors extensively review major studies detailing human embryologic and fetal eyelid morphogenesis. These studies span almost a century and include some more recent cadaver studies. Numerous studies in the murine model have helped to better understand the molecular signals that govern eyelid embryogenesis. The authors summarize the current findings in molecular biology, and highlight the most significant studies in mice regarding the multiple and interacting signaling pathways involved in regulating normal eyelid morphogenesis. Results: Eyelid morphogenesis involves a succession of subtle yet strictly regulated morphogenetic episodes of tissue folding, proliferation, contraction, and even migration, which may occur simultaneously or in succession. Conclusions: Understanding the extraordinary process of building eyelid tissue in embryonic life, and deciphering its underlying signaling machinery has far reaching clinical implications beyond understanding the developmental abnormalities involving the eyelids, and may pave the way for achieving scar-reducing therapies in adult mammalian wounds, or control the spread of malignancies. The authors describe in detail the recent advances in the knowledge of embryological and fetal development of the eyelids, and briefly outline the molecular basis of eyelid morphogenesis.
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Dik B, Baş AL, Yazıhan N. The effect of midkine on growth factors and oxidative status in an experimental wound model in diabetic and healthy rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:604-609. [PMID: 28177680 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is important for longevity. Midkine is a cytokine involved in controlling tissue repair and new tissue development, and in regulating inflammation. We investigated the effect of midkine on wound healing in rats. In total, 108 Wistar albino rats were used: 12 as healthy and diabetic controls; 96 were split into 4 groups: healthy, saline treated; healthy, midkine (10 ng/kg, 48 h intervals) treated; diabetic, saline treated; and diabetic, midkine treated. Following wound creation, 6 rats per group were euthanized on days 3, 7, 14, and 28; the wounded skin was removed. Levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. MMP-8 and PDGF levels fluctuated in all groups; TGF-β fluctuated in the diabetic groups and was significantly higher in the HM group than other groups after 14 days. EGF and VEGF levels were increased in the HM group after 3 days. TBARS levels were highest in the diabetic groups. Macroscopically, the midkine-treated groups healed better. Midkine can accelerate wound healing by influencing growth factors and oxidative status in wound tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Dik
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Levent Baş
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nuray Yazıhan
- b Department of Pathophysiology, Medicine Faculty, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
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78
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Jaurila H, Koivukangas V, Koskela M, Gäddnäs F, Salo S, Korvala J, Risteli M, Karhu T, Herzig KH, Salo T, Ala-Kokko TI. Inhibitory effects of serum from sepsis patients on epithelial cell migration in vitro: a case control study. J Transl Med 2017; 15:11. [PMID: 28086962 PMCID: PMC5237124 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis delays wound re-epithelialization. In this study we explored the effect of human sepsis sera as well as the effects of cytokines, growth factors and exosomes of sepsis sera treated normal fibroblasts (NF) on keratinocyte migration and proliferation in vitro. Methods Serum samples were taken on days 1, 4, and 9 from 44 patients diagnosed with severe sepsis, and from 14 matching healthy controls. We evaluated the effects of sepsis serum with or without TNF-α, EGF, EGF receptor inhibitor or exosomes of sepsis sera treated NF on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) proliferation (BrdU assay), viability (MTT assay), and migration (horizontal wound healing model). Cytokine levels of sepsis and healthy sera were measured by multiplex assay. Comparisons between groups were carried out using SPSS statistics and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Severe-sepsis sera collected on days 1, 4, and 9 reduced keratinocyte proliferation by 6% (P = 0.005), 20% (P = 0.001), and 18% (P = 0.002), respectively, compared to control sera. Cell viability in cultures exposed to sepsis sera from days 4 and 9 was reduced by 38% (P = 0.01) and 58% (P < 0.001), respectively. Open-surface wounds exposed to sepsis sera from days 1 and 4 were larger than those exposed to sera from healthy controls (60 vs. 31%, P = 0.034 and 66 vs. 31%, P = 0.023, respectively). Exosomes of sepsis or healthy sera treated NF inhibited keratinocyte migration. We detected higher serum levels of cytokines TNF-α (5.7 vs. 0.7 pg/ml, P < 0.001), IL-6 (24.8 vs. 3.8 pg/ml, P < 0.001), IL-10 (30.0 vs. 11.9 pg/ml, P = 0.040), and VEGF (177.9 vs. 48.1 pg/ml, P = 0.018) in sepsis sera. Levels of EGF were significantly lower in sepsis sera than in that of healthy controls (6.5 vs. 115.6 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Sepsis serum supplemented with EGF 5 ng/ml and TNF-α in all concentrations improved keratinocyte migration. Conclusions Keratinocyte viability, proliferation and migration were reduced in severe sepsis in vitro. Exosomes from NF added in healthy or sepsis serum media inhibited keratinocyte migration. Decreased levels of EGF in sepsis sera may partially explain the delay of wound healing with severe-sepsis patients. Increased levels of TNF-α in sepsis sera do not explain diminished keratinocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Jaurila
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland. .,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo Koskela
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fiia Gäddnäs
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirpa Salo
- Research Group of Biomedicine, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 5000, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Johanna Korvala
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maija Risteli
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Karhu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu, 90014, Finland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Research Group of Oral Health Sciences, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 5000, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Tero I Ala-Kokko
- Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, P. O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
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79
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Kasiewicz LN, Whitehead KA. Recent advances in biomaterials for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1962-1975. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging epidemics facing the world today, with over 300 million patients affected worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N. Kasiewicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
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80
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Peng X, Yu Y, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu C. Potentiation effect of HB-EGF on facilitating wound healing via 2-N,6-O-sulfated chitosan nanoparticles modified PLGA scaffold. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07719j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
26SCS-nanoparticles modified PLGA have synergistic effect with HB-EGF on promoting the migration of keratinocyte, realizing the skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Yuanman Yu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education
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81
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Razzak MA, Hossain MS, Radzi ZB, Yahya NAB, Czernuszka J, Rahman MT. Cellular and Molecular Responses to Mechanical Expansion of Tissue. Front Physiol 2016; 7:540. [PMID: 27899897 PMCID: PMC5111402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased use of tissue expander in the past decades and its potential market values in near future give enough reasons to sum up the consequences of tissue expansion. Furthermore, the patients have the right to know underlying mechanisms of adaptation of inserted biomimetic, its bioinspired materials and probable complications. The mechanical strains during tissue expansion are related to several biological phenomena. Tissue remodeling during the expansion is highly regulated and depends on the signal transduction. Any alteration may lead to tumor formation, necrosis and/or apoptosis. In this review, stretch induced cell proliferation, apoptosis, the roles of growth factors, stretch induced ion channels, and roles of second messengers are organized. It is expected that readers from any background can understand and make a decision about tissue expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdur Razzak
- Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Sanower Hossain
- Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Bin Radzi
- Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azlin B Yahya
- Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jan Czernuszka
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Mohammad T Rahman
- Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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82
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83
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Teye K, Numata S, Ishii N, Krol RP, Tsuchisaka A, Hamada T, Koga H, Karashima T, Ohata C, Tsuruta D, Saya H, Haftek M, Hashimoto T. Isolation of All CD44 Transcripts in Human Epidermis and Regulation of Their Expression by Various Agents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160952. [PMID: 27505250 PMCID: PMC4978388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44, a cell surface proteoglycan, is involved in many biological events. CD44 transcripts undergo complex alternative splicing, resulting in many functionally distinct isoforms. To date, however, the nature of these isoforms in human epidermis has not been adequately determined. In this study, we isolated all CD44 transcripts from normal human epidermis, and studied how their expressions are regulated. By RT-PCR, we found that a number of different CD44 transcripts were expressed in human epidermis, and we obtained all these transcripts from DNA bands in agarose and acrylamide gels by cloning. Detailed sequence analysis revealed 18 CD44 transcripts, 3 of which were novel. Next, we examined effects of 10 different agents on the expression of CD44 transcripts in cultured human keratinocytes, and found that several agents, particularly epidermal growth factor, hydrogen peroxide, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, retinoic acid, calcium and fetal calf serum differently regulated their expressions in various patterns. Furthermore, normal and malignant keratinocytes were found to produce different CD44 transcripts upon serum stimulation and subsequent starvation, suggesting that specific CD44 isoforms are involved in tumorigenesis via different CD44-mediated biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwesi Teye
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Sanae Numata
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Norito Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Rafal P Krol
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Atsunari Tsuchisaka
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tadashi Karashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Chika Ohata
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marek Haftek
- University of Lyon 1, EA 4169 and CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
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84
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Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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85
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Wu J, Ye J, Zhu J, Xiao Z, He C, Shi H, Wang Y, Lin C, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Fu X, Chen H, Li X, Li L, Zheng J, Xiao J. Heparin-Based Coacervate of FGF2 Improves Dermal Regeneration by Asserting a Synergistic Role with Cell Proliferation and Endogenous Facilitated VEGF for Cutaneous Wound Healing. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2168-77. [PMID: 27196997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effective wound healing requires complicated, coordinated interactions and responses at protein, cellular, and tissue levels involving growth factor expression, cell proliferation, wound closure, granulation tissue formation, and vascularization. In this study, we develop a heparin-based coacervate consisting of poly(ethylene argininylaspartate digylceride) (PEAD) as a storage matrix, heparin as a bridge, and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) as a cargo (namely heparin-FGF2@PEAD) for wound healing. First, in vitro characterization demonstrates the loading efficiency and control release of FGF2 from the heparin-FGF2@PEAD coacervate. The following in vivo studies examine the wound healing efficiency of the heparin-FGF2@PEAD coacervate upon delivering FGF2 to full-thickness excisional skin wounds in vivo, in comparison with the other three control groups with saline, heparin@PEAD as vehicle, and free FGF2. Collective in vivo data show that controlled release of FGF2 to the wounds by the coacervate significantly accelerates the wound healing by promoting cell proliferation, stimulating the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for re-epithelization, collagen deposition, and granulation tissue formation, and enhancing the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) for blood vessel maturation. In parallel, no obvious wound healing effect is found for the control, vehicle, and free FGF2 groups, indicating the important role of the coavervate in the wound healing process. This work designs a suitable delivery system that can protect and release FGF2 in a sustained and controlled manner, which provides a promising therapeutic potential for topical treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zecong Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chaochao He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hongxue Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Cai Lin
- The First Affiliate Hospital Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing 1008553, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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86
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Zeng F, Kloepfer LA, Finney C, Diedrich A, Harris RC. Specific endothelial heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor deletion ameliorates renal injury induced by chronic angiotensin II infusion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F695-F707. [PMID: 27226110 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00377.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactivation of EGF receptor (EGFR) by angiotensin II (Ang II) plays important roles in the initiation and progression of chronic kidney diseases. Studies suggest that heparin-binding EGF-like factor (HB-EGF) may be a critical mediator in this process, but its role in vivo has not been investigated. In the current study, we found that in response to Ang II infusion, kidneys from endothelial HB-EGF deletion mice had significantly reduced EGFR activation compared with controls. Meanwhile, deletion of endothelial HB-EGF expression decreased Ang II infusion related renal injury, as demonstrated by 1) less albuminuria; 2) less glomerulosclerosis; 3) preserved endothelial integrity and decreased podocyte injury, as shown by greater glomerular tuft area and WT1-positive cells, and fewer apoptotic cells measured by cleaved caspase 3 staining; 4) reduced inflammation in the perivascular area and interstitium measured by F4/80 and CD3 immunostaining; and 5) reduced renal fibrosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that shedding of HB-EGF from endothelium plays an important role in Ang II-induced renal injury by linking Ang II-AT1R with EGFR transactivation. Inhibition of HB-EGF shedding could be a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zeng
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lance A Kloepfer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Charlene Finney
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - André Diedrich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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87
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Lian C, Ruan L, Shang D, Wu Y, Lu Y, Lü P, Yang Y, Wei Y, Dong X, Ren D, Chen K, Liu H, Tu Z. Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor as a Potent Target for Breast Cancer Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:85-90. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Lian
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingling Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongjin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lü
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yajun Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dewan Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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88
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Na J, Lee K, Na W, Shin JY, Lee MJ, Yune TY, Lee HK, Jung HS, Kim WS, Ju BG. Histone H3K27 Demethylase JMJD3 in Cooperation with NF-κB Regulates Keratinocyte Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:847-858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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89
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Herrmann JE, Fisher RL, Vickers AE. The Delay of Corneal Wound Healing by Diclofenac in a Human Ex Vivo Front of the Eye Model and Rabbit Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2015.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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90
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Wound Healing Effects of Rose Placenta in a Mouse Model of Full-Thickness Wounds. Arch Plast Surg 2015; 42:686-94. [PMID: 26618114 PMCID: PMC4659980 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2015.42.6.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rosa damascena, a type of herb, has been used for wound healing in Eastern folk medicine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rose placenta from R. damascena in a full-thickness wound model in mice. Methods Sixty six-week-old C57BL/6N mice were used. Full-thickness wounds were made with an 8-mm diameter punch. Two wounds were made on each side of the back, and wounds were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. Rose placenta (250 µg) was injected in the experimental group, and normal saline was injected in the control group. Wound sizes were measured with digital photography, and specimens were harvested. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and CD31. Vessel density was measured. Quantitative analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for EGF was performed. All evaluations were performed on postoperative days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results On days 4, 7, and 10, the wounds treated with rose placenta were significantly smaller. On day 2, VEGF and EGF expression increased in the experimental group. On days 7 and 10, TGF-β1 expression decreased in the experimental group. On day 10, vessel density increased in the experimental group. The increase in EGF on day 2 was confirmed with ELISA. Conclusions Rose placenta was found to be associated with improved wound healing in a mouse full-thickness wound model via increased EGF release. Rose placenta may potentially be a novel drug candidate for enhancing wound healing.
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91
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Johnson NR, Wang Y. Coacervate delivery of HB-EGF accelerates healing of type 2 diabetic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:591-600. [PMID: 26032846 PMCID: PMC5957479 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers pose a significant challenge as a number of underlying deficiencies prevent natural healing. In pursuit of a regenerative wound therapy, we developed a heparin-based coacervate delivery system that provides controlled release of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) within the wound bed. In this study, we used a polygenic type 2 diabetic mouse model to evaluate the capacity of HB-EGF coacervate to overcome the deficiencies of diabetic wound healing. In full-thickness excisional wounds on NONcNZO10 diabetic mice, HB-EGF coacervate enhanced the proliferation and migration of epidermal keratinocytes, leading to accelerated epithelialization. Furthermore, increased collagen deposition within the wound bed led to faster wound contraction and greater wound vascularization. Additionally, in vitro assays demonstrated that HB-EGF released from the coacervate successfully increased migration of diabetic human keratinocytes. The multifunctional role of HB-EGF in the healing process and its enhanced efficacy when delivered by the coacervate make it a promising therapy for diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah R. Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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92
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Congenital upper eyelid coloboma: embryologic, nomenclatorial, nosologic, etiologic, pathogenetic, epidemiologic, clinical, and management perspectives. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 31:1-12. [PMID: 25419956 PMCID: PMC4334304 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To review the recent literature and describe the authors’ experience with congenital upper eyelid coloboma. Methods: In this review, we will summarize the embryologic and etiopathogenetic bases of congenital upper eyelid coloboma, and study the published clinical reports. We will also attempt to briefly shed some light on the rarer syndromic curiosities associated with upper eyelid coloboma. Results: Congenital upper eyelid colobomas are one of the few nontraumatic oculoplastic emergencies that may occasionally present in the first few days of life with a corneal ulcer and may even present with impending perforation. They can present with or without corneopalpebral adhesions, may be isolated findings or a part of a larger spectrum of congenital anomalies as in the case of Fraser syndrome or Goldenhar syndrome, or could be associated with other rare curiosities that could challenge the clinician with a huge diagnostic dilemma. Conclusions: Existing literature dealing with congenital colobomas of the upper eyelid is fraught with nosologic problems, confusing etiologies, and overlapping clinical features. We attempted to clarify the salient clinical features, outline the management principles, and until a time in the not-so-distant future where advances in molecular genetic testing would help redefine the etiology and the diverse clinical spectrum of genetic diseases associated with upper eyelid colobomas, we propose a simplified classification scheme based on the relation of the coloboma to the cornea, the presence or absence of systemic features, and all the syndromic and nonsyndromic associations of congenital coloboma of the upper eyelid known today. In this review, the authors will describe the pathogenesis of upper eyelid coloboma, suggest a new simplified classification system, describe the clinical picture in detail, clarify the various syndromic associations of upper eyelid coloboma, and lay out the basic surgical principles of management.
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93
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Santa Maria PL, Kim S, Varsak YK, Yang YP. Heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor for the regeneration of chronic tympanic membrane perforations in mice. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1483-94. [PMID: 25567607 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to explore the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand shedding in tympanic membrane wound healing and to investigate the translation of its modulation in tissue engineering of chronic tympanic membrane perforations. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is an infected chronic tympanic membrane perforation. Up to 200 million suffer from its associated hearing loss and it is the most common cause of pediatric hearing loss in developing countries. There is a need for nonsurgical treatment due to a worldwide lack of resources. In this study, we show that EGF ligand shedding is essential for tympanic membrane healing as it's inhibition, with KB-R7785, leads to chronic perforation in 87.9% (n=58) compared with 0% (n=20) of controls. We then show that heparin binding-EGF-like growth factor (5 μg/mL), which acts to shed EGF ligands, can regenerate chronic perforations in mouse models with 92% (22 of 24) compared with 38% (10 of 26), also with eustachian tube occlusion with 94% (18 of 19) compared with 9% (2 of 23) and with CSOM 100% (16 of 16) compared with 41% (7 of 17). We also show the nonototoxicity of this treatment and its hydrogel delivery vehicle. This provides preliminary data for a clinical trial where it could be delivered by nonspecialist trained healthcare workers and fulfill the clinical need for a nonsurgical treatment for chronic tympanic membrane perforation and CSOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Luke Santa Maria
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University , Stanford, California
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94
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Franzè S, Gennari C, Minghetti P, Cilurzo F. Influence of chemical and structural features of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) on skin penetration. Int J Pharm 2015; 481:79-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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95
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Suzuki K, Mizushima H, Abe H, Iwamoto R, Nakamura H, Mekada E. Identification of diphtheria toxin R domain mutants with enhanced inhibitory activity against HB-EGF. J Biochem 2014; 157:331-43. [PMID: 25432160 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), a ligand of EGF receptor, is involved in the growth and malignant progression of cancers. Cross-reacting material 197, CRM197, a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin (DT), specifically binds to the EGF-like domain of HB-EGF and inhibits its mitogenic activity, thus CRM197 is currently under evaluation in clinical trials for cancer therapy. To develop more potent DT mutants than CRM197, we screened various mutant proteins of R domain of DT, the binding site for HB-EGF. A variety of R-domain mutant proteins fused with maltose-binding protein were produced and their inhibitory activity was evaluated in vitro. We found four R domain mutants that showed much higher inhibitory activity against HB-EGF than wild-type (WT) R domain. These R domain mutants suppressed HB-EGF-dependent cell proliferation more effectively than WT R domain. Surface plasmon resonance revealed their higher affinity to HB-EGF than WT R domain. CRM197(R460H) carrying the newly identified mutation showed increased cell proliferation inhibitory activity and affinity to HB-EGF. These results suggest that CRM197(R460H) or other recombinant proteins carrying newly identified mutation(s) in the R domain are potential therapeutics targeting HB-EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroto Mizushima
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwamoto
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruki Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eisuke Mekada
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Kitajima Y. 150(th) anniversary series: Desmosomes and autoimmune disease, perspective of dynamic desmosome remodeling and its impairments in pemphigus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:269-80. [PMID: 25078507 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2014.943397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomes are the most important intercellular adhering junctions that adhere two adjacent keratinocytes directly with desmosomal cadherins, that is, desmogleins (Dsgs) and desmocollins, forming an epidermal sheet. Recently, two cell-cell adhesion states of desmosomes, that is, "stable hyper-adhesion" and "dynamic weak-adhesion" conditions have been recognized. They are mutually reversible through cell signaling events involving protein kinase C (PKC), Src and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) during Ca(2+)-switching and wound healing. This remodeling is impaired in pemphigus vulgaris (PV, an autoimmune blistering disease), caused by anti-Dsg3 antibodies. The antibody binding to Dsg3 activates PKC, Src and EGFR, linked to generation of dynamic weak-adhesion desmosomes, followed by p38MAPK-mediated endocytosis of Dsg3, resulting in the specific depletion of Dsg3 from desmosomes and acantholysis. A variety of pemphigus outside-in signaling may explain different clinical (non-inflammatory, inflammatory, and necrolytic) types of pemphigus. Pemphigus could be referred to a "desmosome-remodeling disease involving pemphigus IgG-activated outside-in signaling events".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Professor Emeritus Gifu University School of Medicine , Minokamo City, Gifu Prefecture , Japan
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97
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Abstract
Harnessing the regenerative capacity of keratinocytes and fibroblasts from human skin has created new opportunities to develop cell-based therapies for patients. Cultured cells and bioengineered skin products are being used to treat patients with inherited and acquired skin disorders associated with defective skin, and further clinical trials of new products are in progress. The capacity of extracutaneous sources of cells such as bone marrow is also being investigated for its plasticity in regenerating skin, and new strategies, such as the derivation of inducible pluripotent stem cells, also hold great promise for future cell therapies in dermatology. This article reviews some of the preclinical and clinical studies and future directions relating to cell therapy in dermatology, particularly for inherited skin diseases associated with fragile skin and poor wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Petrof
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Alya Abdul-Wahab
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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98
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Effects of laser irradiation (670-nm InGaP and 830-nm GaAlAs) on burn of second-degree in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1685-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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99
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Taylor S, Markesbery M, Harding P. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and proteolytic processing by a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAM): A regulator of several pathways. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 28:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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100
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Brooke MA, Etheridge SL, Kaplan N, Simpson C, O'Toole EA, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Marches O, Getsios S, Kelsell DP. iRHOM2-dependent regulation of ADAM17 in cutaneous disease and epidermal barrier function. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4064-76. [PMID: 24643277 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
iRHOM2 is a highly conserved, catalytically inactive member of the Rhomboid family, which has recently been shown to regulate the maturation of the multi-substrate ectodomain sheddase enzyme ADAM17 (TACE) in macrophages. Dominant iRHOM2 mutations are the cause of the inherited cutaneous and oesophageal cancer-susceptibility syndrome tylosis with oesophageal cancer (TOC), suggesting a role for this protein in epithelial cells. Here, using tissues derived from TOC patients, we demonstrate that TOC-associated mutations in iRHOM2 cause an increase in the maturation and activity of ADAM17 in epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in significantly upregulated shedding of ADAM17 substrates, including EGF-family growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This activity is accompanied by increased EGFR activity, increased desmosome processing and the presence of immature epidermal desmosomes, upregulated epidermal transglutaminase activity and heightened resistance to Staphylococcal infection in TOC keratinocytes. Many of these features are consistent with the presence of a constitutive wound-healing-like phenotype in TOC epidermis, which may shed light on a novel pathway in skin repair, regeneration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Brooke
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah L Etheridge
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charlotte Simpson
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Olivier Marches
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David P Kelsell
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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