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Kanamori A, Imai Y, Ihara K, Nagata H, Nakano M, Tominaga K, Shimizu H, Makiyama T, Kuroda H, Shirataki H, Hiraishi H. α-taxilin overexpression correlates with proliferation activity but not with prognosis of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1471-1476. [PMID: 28789367 PMCID: PMC5529874 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-taxilin is a binding partner of syntaxins, which are the central coordinators of membrane traffic. Expression of α-taxilin has been implicated in the development of human glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. In the present study, the clinical significance of α-taxilin expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated. A total of 20 cases of colorectal intramucosal adenocarcinoma (IMA) with adenoma were analyzed using immunohistochemical analysis. The results demonstrated that α-taxilin expression was significantly associated with Ki-67 indices in adenoma and IMA. The patients expressed equally high levels of α-taxilin in the upper third of the intramucosal glands. These results suggest that α-taxilin expression is significantly associated with the proliferative activity of CRC, but that its overexpression alone is not a biomarker of malignancy. Next, α-taxilin expression was investigated in 57 advanced CRCs and its association with prognosis was determined. Well-differentiated and/or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas in the left-sided colon with anatomic stage II and/or III were analyzed. α-taxilin expression levels were high on the surface of nearly all tumors, but variable at the deep advancing edge. α-taxilin levels at the advancing edge were not significantly associated with local invasiveness or prognosis. In conclusion, α-taxilin is a cell proliferation marker in colorectal epithelial neoplasms but cannot be a marker of malignancy or prognosis of CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kanamori
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yasuo Imai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tominaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Tomihiko Makiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hajime Kuroda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shirataki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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Araujo TLS, Zeidler JD, Oliveira PVS, Dias MH, Armelin HA, Laurindo FRM. Protein disulfide isomerase externalization in endothelial cells follows classical and unconventional routes. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 103:199-208. [PMID: 28034831 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular protein disulfide isomerase (PDIA1) pool mediates thrombosis and vascular remodeling, however its externalization mechanisms remain unclear. We performed systematic pharmacological screening of secretory pathways affecting extracellular PDIA1 in endothelial cells (EC). We identified cell-surface (csPDIA1) and secreted non-particulated PDIA1 pools in EC. Such Golgi bypass also occurred for secreted PDIA1 in EC at baseline or after PMA, thrombin or ATP stimulation. Inhibitors of Type I, II and III unconventional routes, secretory lysosomes and recycling endosomes, including syntaxin-12 deletion, did not impair EC PDIA1 externalization. This suggests predominantly Golgi-independent unconventional secretory route(s), which were GRASP55-independent. Also, these data reinforce a vesicular-type traffic for PDIA1. We further showed that PDIA1 traffic is ATP-independent, while actin or tubulin cytoskeletal disruption markedly increased EC PDIA1 secretion. Clathrin inhibition enhanced extracellular soluble PDIA1, suggesting dynamic cycling. Externalized PDIA1 represents <2% of intracellular PDIA1. PDIA1 was robustly secreted by physiological levels of arterial laminar shear in EC and supported alpha 5 integrin thiol oxidation. Such results help clarify signaling and homeostatic mechanisms involved in multiple (patho)physiological extracellular PDIA1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís L S Araujo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Percíllia V S Oliveira
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus H Dias
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling - CeTICS-Cepid, Instituto Butantan, Brazil
| | - Hugo A Armelin
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling - CeTICS-Cepid, Instituto Butantan, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) cell motility underlies essential processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and immune surveillance, and is involved in cancer progression. Although the cytoskeleton is a well-studied regulator of cell migration, most of what we know about its functions originates from studies conducted in two-dimensional (2D) cultures. This research established that the microtubule network mediates polarized trafficking and signaling that are crucial for cell shape and movement in 2D. In parallel, developments in light microscopy and 3D cell culture systems progressively allowed to investigate cytoskeletal functions in more physiologically relevant settings. Interestingly, several studies have demonstrated that microtubule involvement in cell morphogenesis and motility can differ in 2D and 3D environments. In this Commentary, we discuss these differences and their relevance for the understanding the role of microtubules in cell migration in vivo. We also provide an overview of microtubule functions that were shown to control cell shape and motility in 3D matrices and discuss how they can be investigated further by using physiologically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Bouchet
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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Sun Q, Huang X, Zhang Q, Qu J, Shen Y, Wang X, Sun H, Wang J, Xu L, Chen X, Ren B. SNAP23 promotes the malignant process of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:80. [PMID: 27855700 PMCID: PMC5114815 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) was the primary malignant gynecological cancer and SNARE protein is closely related with tumor progression. Here, we identified SNAP23, a member of SNARE complex, as a potential oncogene in OC. Methods We determined the expression of SNAP23 in OC tissues and explored the clinical significance through bioinformatics analysis. The effects of SNAP23 on OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis were then evaluated in vitro. Results SNAP23 is hyper-expressed in OC tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, and increased expression of SNAP23 is associated with a poor progression free survival (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.07–1.44, p = 0.0042). SNAP23 knock down increases cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion of OC cells. GO analysis reveals that most genes correlated highly with SNAP23 were enriched in metabolic process. Conclusions Our data suggest that SNAP23 may serve as an oncogene promoting tumorigenicity of OC cells by decreasing apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, East Zhongshan Road 305, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009.,Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanli Zhang
- Department of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009.,Department of Gynecologic oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Qu
- Department of Gynecologic oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Gynecologic oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Sun
- Department of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009. .,Department of Gynecologic oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binhui Ren
- Department of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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55
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Alli-Balogun GO, Gewinner CA, Jacobs R, Kriston-Vizi J, Waugh MG, Minogue S. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIβ negatively regulates invadopodia formation and suppresses an invasive cellular phenotype. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:4033-4042. [PMID: 27798239 PMCID: PMC5156544 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII) enzymes synthesize the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P), which has been detected at the Golgi complex and endosomal compartments and recruits clathrin adaptors. Despite common mechanistic similarities between the isoforms, the extent of their redundancy is unclear. We found that depletion of PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ using small interfering RNA led to actin remodeling. Depletion of PI4KIIβ also induced the formation of invadopodia containing membrane type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). Depletion of PI4KII isoforms also differentially affected trans-Golgi network (TGN) pools of PI(4)P and post-TGN traffic. PI4KIIβ depletion caused increased MT1-MMP trafficking to invasive structures at the plasma membrane and was accompanied by reduced colocalization of MT1-MMP with membranes containing the endosomal markers Rab5 and Rab7 but increased localization with the exocytic Rab8. Depletion of PI4KIIβ was sufficient to confer an aggressive invasive phenotype on minimally invasive HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Mining oncogenomic databases revealed that loss of the PI4K2B allele and underexpression of PI4KIIβ mRNA are associated with human cancers. This finding supports the cell data and suggests that PI4KIIβ may be a clinically significant suppressor of invasion. We propose that PI4KIIβ synthesizes a pool of PI(4)P that maintains MT1-MMP traffic in the degradative pathway and suppresses the formation of invadopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Olabanji Alli-Balogun
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth Jacobs
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G Waugh
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Shane Minogue
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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56
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VAMP2 is implicated in the secretion of antibodies by human plasma cells and can be replaced by other synaptobrevins. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 15:353-366. [PMID: 27616736 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and secretion of antibodies by human plasma cells (PCs) are two essential processes of humoral immunity. The secretion process relies on a group of proteins known as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), which are located in the plasma membrane (t-SNAREs) and in the antibody-carrying vesicle membrane (v-SNARE), and mediate the fusion of both membranes. We have previously shown that SNAP23 and STX4 are the t-SNAREs responsible for antibody secretion. Here, using human PCs and antibody-secreting cell lines, we studied and characterized the expression and subcellular distribution of vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP) isoforms, demonstrating that all isoforms (with the exception of VAMP1) are expressed by the referenced cells. Furthermore, the functional role in antibody secretion of each expressed VAMP isoform was tested using siRNA. Our results show that VAMP2 may be the v-SNARE involved in vesicular antibody release. To further support this conclusion, we used tetanus toxin light chain to cleave VAMP2, conducted experiments to verify co-localization of VAMP2 in antibody-carrying vesicles, and demonstrated the coimmunoprecipitation of VAMP2 with STX4 and SNAP23 and the in situ interaction of VAMP2 with STX4. Taken together, these findings implicate VAMP2 as the main VAMP isoform functionally involved in antibody secretion.
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57
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Fontaine SN, Zheng D, Sabbagh JJ, Martin MD, Chaput D, Darling A, Trotter JH, Stothert AR, Nordhues BA, Lussier A, Baker J, Shelton L, Kahn M, Blair LJ, Stevens SM, Dickey CA. DnaJ/Hsc70 chaperone complexes control the extracellular release of neurodegenerative-associated proteins. EMBO J 2016; 35:1537-49. [PMID: 27261198 PMCID: PMC4946142 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now known that proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease can spread throughout the brain in a prionlike manner. However, the mechanisms regulating the trans-synaptic spread propagation, including the neuronal release of these proteins, remain unknown. The interaction of neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins with the molecular chaperone Hsc70 is well known, and we hypothesized that much like disaggregation, refolding, degradation, and even normal function, Hsc70 may dictate the extracellular fate of these proteins. Here, we show that several proteins, including TDP-43, α-synuclein, and the microtubule-associated protein tau, can be driven out of the cell by an Hsc70 co-chaperone, DnaJC5. In fact, DnaJC5 overexpression induced tau release in cells, neurons, and brain tissue, but only when activity of the chaperone Hsc70 was intact and when tau was able to associate with this chaperone. Moreover, release of tau from neurons was reduced in mice lacking the DnaJC5 gene and when the complement of DnaJs in the cell was altered. These results demonstrate that the dynamics of DnaJ/Hsc70 complexes are critically involved in the release of neurodegenerative disease proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Fontaine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dali Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan J Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mackenzie D Martin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell, Molecular and Life Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - April Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Justin H Trotter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew R Stothert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bryce A Nordhues
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - April Lussier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy Baker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lindsey Shelton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mahnoor Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell, Molecular and Life Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chad A Dickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
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Vreja IC, Nikić I, Göttfert F, Bates M, Kröhnert K, Outeiro TF, Hell SW, Lemke EA, Rizzoli SO. Super-resolution Microscopy of Clickable Amino Acids Reveals the Effects of Fluorescent Protein Tagging on Protein Assemblies. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11034-11041. [PMID: 26498474 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The advent of super-resolution microscopy (nanoscopy) has set high standards for fluorescence tagging. Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are convenient tags in conventional imaging, but their use in nanoscopy has been questioned due to their relatively large size and propensity to form multimers. Here, we compared the nanoscale organization of proteins with or without FP tags by introducing the unnatural amino acid propargyl-L-lysine (PRK) in 26 proteins known to form multimolecular arrangements and into their FP-tagged variants. We revealed the proteins by coupling synthetic fluorophores to PRK via click chemistry and visualized them using ground-state depletion microscopy followed by individual molecule return, as well as stimulated emission depletion microscopy. The arrangements formed by the FP-tagged and nontagged proteins were similar. Mild, but statistically significant differences were observed for only six proteins (23% of all proteins tested). This suggests that FP-based nanoscopy is generally reliable. Unnatural amino acids should be a reliable alternative for the few proteins that are sensitive to FP tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid C Vreja
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular Biology , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivana Nikić
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Göttfert
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Conant K, Allen M, Lim ST. Activity dependent CAM cleavage and neurotransmission. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:305. [PMID: 26321910 PMCID: PMC4531370 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially localized proteolysis represents an elegant means by which neuronal activity dependent changes in synaptic structure, and thus experience dependent learning and memory, can be achieved. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that matrix metalloproteinase and adamalysin activity is concentrated at the cell surface, and emerging evidence suggests that increased peri-synaptic expression, release and/or activation of these proteinases occurs with enhanced excitatory neurotransmission. Synaptically expressed cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) could therefore represent important targets for neuronal activity-dependent proteolysis. Several CAM subtypes are expressed at the synapse, and their cleavage can influence the efficacy of synaptic transmission through a variety of non-mutually exclusive mechanisms. In the following review, we discuss mechanisms that regulate neuronal activity-dependent synaptic CAM shedding, including those that may be calcium dependent. We also highlight CAM targets of activity-dependent proteolysis including neuroligin and intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5). We include discussion focused on potential consequences of synaptic CAM shedding, with an emphasis on interactions between soluble CAM cleavage products and specific pre- and post-synaptic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Conant
- Department of Neuroscience and Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA
| | - Megan Allen
- Department of Neuroscience and Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seung T Lim
- Department of Neuroscience and Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA
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60
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Jani RA, Purushothaman LK, Rani S, Bergam P, Setty SRG. STX13 regulates cargo delivery from recycling endosomes during melanosome biogenesis. J Cell Sci 2015. [PMID: 26208634 PMCID: PMC4582192 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.171165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are a class of lysosome-related organelles produced by melanocytes. Biogenesis of melanosomes requires the transport of melanin-synthesizing enzymes from tubular recycling endosomes to maturing melanosomes. The SNARE proteins involved in these transport or fusion steps have been poorly studied. We found that depletion of syntaxin 13 (STX13, also known as STX12), a recycling endosomal Qa-SNARE, inhibits pigment granule maturation in melanocytes by rerouting the melanosomal proteins such as TYR and TYRP1 to lysosomes. Furthermore, live-cell imaging and electron microscopy studies showed that STX13 co-distributed with melanosomal cargo in the tubular-vesicular endosomes that are closely associated with the maturing melanosomes. STX family proteins contain an N-terminal regulatory domain, and deletion of this domain in STX13 increases both the SNARE activity in vivo and melanosome cargo transport and pigmentation, suggesting that STX13 acts as a fusion SNARE in melanosomal trafficking pathways. In addition, STX13-dependent cargo transport requires the melanosomal R-SNARE VAMP7, and its silencing blocks the melanosome maturation, reflecting a defect in endosome–melanosome fusion. Moreover, we show mutual dependency between STX13 and VAMP7 in regulating their localization for efficient cargo delivery to melanosomes. Highlighted Article: The SNAREs STX13 and VAMP7 mutually regulate their localization in melanocytes and control the cargo delivery to the melanosome during its biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Atul Jani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | | | - Shikha Rani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Ptissam Bergam
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris 75248, France Structure and Membrane Compartments, and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), CNRS UMR144, Paris 75248, France
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Kubo K, Kobayashi M, Nozaki S, Yagi C, Hatsuzawa K, Katoh Y, Shin HW, Takahashi S, Nakayama K. SNAP23/25 and VAMP2 mediate exocytic event of transferrin receptor-containing recycling vesicles. Biol Open 2015; 4:910-20. [PMID: 26092867 PMCID: PMC4571095 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that Rab11 is involved not only in formation of recycling vesicles containing the transferrin (Tfn)–transferrin receptor (TfnR) complex at perinuclear recycling endosomes but also in tethering of recycling vesicles to the plasma membrane (PM) in concert with the exocyst tethering complex. We here aimed at identifying SNARE proteins responsible for fusion of Tfn–TfnR-containing recycling vesicles with the PM, downstream of the exocyst. We showed that exocyst subunits, Sec6 and Sec8, can interact with SNAP23 and SNAP25, both of which are PM-localizing Qbc-SNAREs, and that depletion of SNAP23 and/or SNAP25 in HeLa cells suppresses fusion of Tfn–TfnR-containing vesicles with the PM, leading to accumulation of the vesicles at the cell periphery. We also found that VAMP2, an R-SNARE, is colocalized with endocytosed Tfn on punctate endosomal structures, and that its depletion in HeLa cells suppresses recycling vesicle exocytosis. These observations indicate that fusion of recycling vesicles with the PM downstream of the exocyst is mediated by SNAP23/25 and VAMP2, and provide novel insight into non-neuronal roles of VAMP2 and SNAP25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Kubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Minako Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shohei Nozaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chikako Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hatsuzawa
- Division of Molecular Biology, Tottori University School of Life Science, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Senye Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Meng J, Wang J. Role of SNARE proteins in tumourigenesis and their potential as targets for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:1-12. [PMID: 25956199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The function of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in cellular trafficking, membrane fusion and vesicle release in synaptic nerve terminals is well characterised. Recent studies suggest that SNAREs are also important in the control of tumourigenesis through the regulation of multiple signalling and transportation pathways. The majority of published studies investigated the effects of knockdown/knockout or overexpression of particular SNAREs on the normal function of cells as well as their dysfunction in tumourigenesis promotion. SNAREs are involved in the regulation of cancer cell invasion, chemo-resistance, the transportation of autocrine and paracrine factors, autophagy, apoptosis and the phosphorylation of kinases essential for cancer cell biogenesis. This evidence highlights SNAREs as potential targets for novel cancer therapy. This is the first review to summarise the expression and role of SNAREs in cancer biology at the cellular level, their interaction with non-SNARE proteins and modulation of cellular signalling cascades. Finally, a strategy is proposed for developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics using targeted delivery of a SNARE-inactivating protease into malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Meng
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Jiafu Wang
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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63
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Clancy JW, Sedgwick A, Rosse C, Muralidharan-Chari V, Raposo G, Method M, Chavrier P, D'Souza-Schorey C. Regulated delivery of molecular cargo to invasive tumour-derived microvesicles. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6919. [PMID: 25897521 PMCID: PMC4497525 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells release multiple, distinct forms of extracellular vesicles including structures known as microvesicles, which are known to alter the extracellular environment. Despite growing understanding of microvesicle biogenesis, function and contents, mechanisms regulating cargo delivery and enrichment remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that in amoeboid-like invasive tumour cell lines, the v-SNARE, VAMP3, regulates delivery of microvesicle cargo such as the membrane-type 1 matrix metalloprotease (MT1-MMP) to shedding microvesicles. MT1-MMP delivery to nascent microvesicles depends on the association of VAMP3 with the tetraspanin CD9 and facilitates the maintenance of amoeboid cell invasion. VAMP3-shRNA expression depletes shed vesicles of MT1-MMP and decreases cell invasiveness when embedded in cross-linked collagen matrices. Finally, we describe functionally similar microvesicles isolated from bodily fluids of ovarian cancer patients. Together these studies demonstrate the importance of microvesicle cargo sorting in matrix degradation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Clancy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN. 46556, USA
| | - Alanna Sedgwick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN. 46556, USA
| | - Carine Rosse
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, F-75248 France
| | | | - Graca Raposo
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, F-75248 France
| | - Michael Method
- Northern Indiana Cancer Consortium, Michiana Hematology Oncology, Mishawaka, IN. 46545, USA
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Rizos E, Siafakas N, Katsantoni E, Skourti E, Salpeas V, Rizos I, Tsoporis JN, Kastania A, Filippopoulou A, Xiros N, Margaritis D, Parker TG, Papageorgiou C, Zoumpourlis V. Let-7, mir-98 and mir-183 as biomarkers for cancer and schizophrenia [corrected]. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123522. [PMID: 25856466 PMCID: PMC4391828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence supports a role of microRNAs in cancer and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, through their regulatory role on the expression of multiple genes. The rather rare co-morbidity of cancer and schizophrenia is an old hypothesis which needs further research on microRNAs as molecules that might exert their oncosuppressive or oncogenic activity in the context of their role in psychiatric disorders. The expression pattern of a variety of different microRNAs was investigated in patients (N = 6) suffering from schizophrenia termed control, patients with a solid tumor (N = 10) and patients with both schizophrenia and tumor (N = 8). miRNA profiling was performed on whole blood samples using the miRCURY LNA microRNA Array technology (6th & 7th generation). A subset of 3 microRNAs showed a statistically significant differential expression between the control and the study groups. Specifically, significant down-regulation of the let-7p-5p, miR-98-5p and of miR-183-5p in the study groups (tumor alone and tumorand schizophrenia) was observed (p<0.05). The results of the present study showed that let-7, miR-98 and miR-183 may play an important oncosuppressive role through their regulatory impact in gene expression irrespective of the presence of schizophrenia, although a larger sample size is required to validate these results. Nevertheless, further studies are warranted in order to highlight a possible role of these and other micro-RNAs in the molecular pathways of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Rizos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikolaos Siafakas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Microbiology Laboratory, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Katsantoni
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Hematology-Oncology Division, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Skourti
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Salpeas
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Cardiology Department, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Rizos
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Cardiology Department, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Athens, Greece
| | - James N. Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anastasia Kastania
- Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Filippopoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Department of Psychiatry, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Xiros
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Margaritis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas G. Parker
- Keenan Research Centre. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Zoumpourlis
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Ulloa F, Gonzàlez-Juncà A, Meffre D, Barrecheguren PJ, Martínez-Mármol R, Pazos I, Olivé N, Cotrufo T, Seoane J, Soriano E. Blockade of the SNARE protein syntaxin 1 inhibits glioblastoma tumor growth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119707. [PMID: 25803850 PMCID: PMC4372377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent adult brain tumor, with virtually no cure, and with a median overall survival of 15 months from diagnosis despite of the treatment. SNARE proteins mediate membrane fusion events in cells and are essential for many cellular processes including exocytosis and neurotransmission, intracellular trafficking and cell migration. Here we show that the blockade of the SNARE protein Syntaxin 1 (Stx1) function impairs GBM cell proliferation. We show that Stx1 loss-of-function in GBM cells, through ShRNA lentiviral transduction, a Stx1 dominant negative and botulinum toxins, dramatically reduces the growth of GBM after grafting U373 cells into the brain of immune compromised mice. Interestingly, Stx1 role on GBM progression may not be restricted just to cell proliferation since the blockade of Stx1 also reduces in vitro GBM cell invasiveness suggesting a role in several processes relevant for tumor progression. Altogether, our findings indicate that the blockade of SNARE proteins may represent a novel therapeutic tool against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Ulloa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alba Gonzàlez-Juncà
- Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Delphine Meffre
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo José Barrecheguren
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Mármol
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Pazos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Olivé
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiziana Cotrufo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Seoane
- Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Vall d´Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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66
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Althubiti M, Lezina L, Carrera S, Jukes-Jones R, Giblett SM, Antonov A, Barlev N, Saldanha GS, Pritchard CA, Cain K, Macip S. Characterization of novel markers of senescence and their prognostic potential in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1528. [PMID: 25412306 PMCID: PMC4260747 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a terminal differentiation state that has been proposed to have a role in both tumour suppression and ageing. This view is supported by the fact that accumulation of senescent cells can be observed in response to oncogenic stress as well as a result of normal organismal ageing. Thus, identifying senescent cells in in vivo and in vitro has an important diagnostic and therapeutic potential. The molecular pathways involved in triggering and/or maintaining the senescent phenotype are not fully understood. As a consequence, the markers currently utilized to detect senescent cells are limited and lack specificity. In order to address this issue, we screened for plasma membrane-associated proteins that are preferentially expressed in senescent cells. We identified 107 proteins that could be potential markers of senescence and validated 10 of them (DEP1, NTAL, EBP50, STX4, VAMP3, ARMX3, B2MG, LANCL1, VPS26A and PLD3). We demonstrated that a combination of these proteins can be used to specifically recognize senescent cells in culture and in tissue samples and we developed a straightforward fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based detection approach using two of them (DEP1 and B2MG). Of note, we found that expression of several of these markers correlated with increased survival in different tumours, especially in breast cancer. Thus, our results could facilitate the study of senescence, define potential new effectors and modulators of this cellular mechanism and provide potential diagnostic and prognostic tools to be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Althubiti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of
Medicine, Umm AL-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Lezina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Institute of Cytology RAS,
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Carrera
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - S M Giblett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - N Barlev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Institute of Cytology RAS,
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - G S Saldanha
- Department of Cancer Studies and
Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester,
UK
| | - C A Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Cancer Studies and
Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester,
UK
| | - K Cain
- MRC Toxicology Unit,
Leicester, UK
- Department of Cancer Studies and
Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester,
UK
| | - S Macip
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Leicester, Leicester, UK
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67
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Yu S, Yehia G, Wang J, Stypulkowski E, Sakamori R, Jiang P, Hernandez-Enriquez B, Tran TS, Bonder EM, Guo W, Gao N. Global ablation of the mouse Rab11a gene impairs early embryogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase secretion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32030-32043. [PMID: 25271168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.538223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab11a has been conceived as a prominent regulatory component of the recycling endosome, which acts as a nexus in the endo- and exocytotic networks. The precise in vivo role of Rab11a in mouse embryonic development is unknown. We globally ablated Rab11a and examined the phenotypic and molecular outcomes in Rab11a(null) blastocysts and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Using multiple trafficking assays and complementation analyses, we determined, among multiple important membrane-associated and soluble cargos, the critical contribution of Rab11a vesicular traffic to the secretion of multiple soluble MMPs. Rab11a(null) embryos were able to properly form normal blastocysts but died at peri-implantation stages. Our data suggest that Rab11a critically controls mouse blastocyst development and soluble matrix metalloproteinase secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Ghassan Yehia
- Transgenic Core Facility, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Juanfei Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Ewa Stypulkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Ping Jiang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | | | - Tracy S Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102,.
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68
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Williams KC, McNeilly RE, Coppolino MG. SNAP23, Syntaxin4, and vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7) mediate trafficking of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) during invadopodium formation and tumor cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2061-70. [PMID: 24807903 PMCID: PMC4072579 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNAREs SNAP23, Syntaxin4, and VAMP7 associate to target the delivery of MT1-MMP to sites of invadopodium formation in breast tumor cells. The interaction of these SNAREs correlates with decreased phosphorylation of Syntaxin4. The targeted delivery of MT1-MMP is required for efficient ECM degradation and cell invasion. Movement through the extracellular matrix (ECM) requires cells to degrade ECM components, primarily through the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Membrane type 1–matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has an essential role in matrix degradation and cell invasion and localizes to subcellular degradative structures termed invadopodia. Trafficking of MT1-MMP to invadopodia is required for the function of these structures, and here we examine the role of N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor–activating protein receptor (SNARE)–mediated membrane traffic in the transport of MT1-MMP to invadopodia. During invadopodium formation in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, increased association of SNAP23, Syntaxin4, and vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7) is detected by coimmunoprecipitation. Blocking the function of these SNAREs perturbs invadopodium-based ECM degradation and cell invasion. Increased level of SNAP23-Syntaxin4-VAMP7 interaction correlates with decreased Syntaxin4 phosphorylation. These results reveal an important role for SNARE-regulated trafficking of MT1-MMP to invadopodia during cellular invasion of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rachael E McNeilly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marc G Coppolino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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69
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Ekström EJ, Bergenfelz C, von Bülow V, Serifler F, Carlemalm E, Jönsson G, Andersson T, Leandersson K. WNT5A induces release of exosomes containing pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors from malignant melanoma cells. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:88. [PMID: 24766647 PMCID: PMC4022450 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wnt proteins are important for developmental processes and certain diseases. WNT5A is a non-canonical Wnt protein that previously has been shown to play a role in the progression of malignant melanoma. High expression of WNT5A in melanoma tumors correlates to formation of distant metastasis and poor prognosis. This has partly been described by the findings that WNT5A expression in melanoma cell lines increases migration and invasion. Methods Malignant melanoma cell lines were treated with rWNT5A or WNT5A siRNA, and mRNA versus protein levels of soluble mediators were measured using RT-PCR, cytokine bead array and ELISA. The induced signaling pathways were analyzed using inhibitors, Rho-GTPase pull down assays and western blot. Ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy was used to analyze microvesicles. Gene expression microarray data obtained from primary malignant melanomas was used to verify our data. Results We show that WNT5A signaling induces a Ca2+-dependent release of exosomes containing the immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic proteins IL-6, VEGF and MMP2 in melanoma cells. The process was independent of the transcriptional machinery and depletion of WNT5A reduced the levels of the exosome-derived proteins. The WNT5A induced exosomal secretion was neither affected by Tetanus toxin nor Brefeldin A, but was blocked by the calcium chelator Bapta, inhibited by a dominant negative version of the small Rho-GTPase Cdc42 and was accompanied by cytoskeletal reorganization. Co-cultures of melanoma/endothelial cells showed that depletion of WNT5A in melanoma cells decreased endothelial cell branching, while stimulation of endothelial cells with isolated rWNT5A-induced melanoma exosomes increased endothelial cell branching in vitro. Finally, gene expression data analysis of primary malignant melanomas revealed a correlation between WNT5A expression and the angiogenesis marker ESAM. Conclusions These data indicate that WNT5A has a broader function on tumor progression and metastatic spread than previously known; by inducing exosome-release of immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic factors that enhance the immunosuppressive and angiogenic capacity of the tumors thus rendering them more aggressive and more prone to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karin Leandersson
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE-20502, Sweden.
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70
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Williams KC, Coppolino MG. SNARE-dependent interaction of Src, EGFR and β1 integrin regulates invadopodia formation and tumor cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1712-25. [PMID: 24496451 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.134734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of an invasive phenotype is prerequisite for tumor metastasis. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and subsequent invasion by tumor cells, is mediated, in part, through subcellular structures called invadopodia. Src-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangements are required to form invadopodia, and here we identify an association between Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and β1 integrin that facilitates invadopodia formation. The association of Src, EGFR and β1 integrin is dependent upon membrane traffic that is mediated by syntaxin13 (officially known as STX12) and SNAP23; a similar dependence on these two SNARE proteins was observed for invadopodium-based matrix degradation and cell invasion. Inhibition of SNARE function impaired the delivery of Src and EGFR to developing invadopodia, as well as the β1-integrin-dependent activation of Src and phosphorylation of EGFR on Tyr residue 845. We also identified an association between SNAP23 and β1 integrin, and inhibition of β1 integrin increased this association, whereas the interaction between syntaxin13 and SNAP23 was reduced. The results suggest that SNARE-dependent trafficking is regulated, in part, by β1 integrin and is required for the delivery of Src and EGFR to sites of invadopodia formation in order to support tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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71
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Havre PA, Dang LH, Ohnuma K, Iwata S, Morimoto C, Dang NH. CD26 expression on T-anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) line Karpas 299 is associated with increased expression of versican and MT1-MMP and enhanced adhesion. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:517. [PMID: 24180670 PMCID: PMC4228418 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a multifunctional membrane protein with a key role in T-cell biology and also serves as a marker of aggressive cancers, including T-cell malignancies. Methods Versican expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blots. Gene silencing of versican in parental Karpas 299 cells was performed using transduction-ready viral particles. The effect of versican depletion on surface expression of MT1-MMP was monitored by flow cytometry and surface biotinylation. CD44 secretion/cleavage and ERK (1/2) activation was followed by Western blotting. Collagenase I activity was measured by a live cell assay and in vesicles using a liquid-phase assay. Adhesion to collagen I was quantified by an MTS assay. Results Versican expression was down-regulated in CD26-depleted Karpas 299 cells compared to the parental T-ALCL Karpas 299 cells. Knock down of versican in the parental Karpas 299 cells led to decreased MT1-MMP surface expression as well as decreased CD44 expression and secretion of the cleaved form of CD44. Parental Karpas 299 cells also exhibited higher collagenase I activity and greater adhesion to collagenase I than CD26-knockdown or versican-knockdown cells. ERK activation was also highest in parental Karpas 299 cells compared to CD26-knockdown or versican-knockdown clones. Conclusions Our data indicate that CD26 has a key role in cell adhesion and invasion, and potentially in tumorigenesis of T-cell lines, through its association with molecules and signal transduction pathways integral to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nam H Dang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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72
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Expression of α-taxilin in the murine gastrointestinal tract: potential implication in cell proliferation. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 141:165-80. [PMID: 24091795 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Taxilin, a binding partner of the syntaxin family, is a candidate tumor marker. To gain insight into the physiological role of α-taxilin in normal tissues, we examined α-taxilin expression by Western blot and performed immunochemical analysis in the murine gastrointestinal tract where cell renewal vigorously occurs. α-Taxilin was expressed in the majority of the gastrointestinal tract and was prominently expressed in epithelial cells positive for Ki-67, a marker of actively proliferating cells. In the small intestine, α-taxilin was expressed in transient-amplifying cells and crypt base columnar cells intercalated among Paneth cells. In the corpus and antrum of the stomach, α-taxilin was expressed in cells localized in the lower pit and at the gland, respectively, but not in parietal or zymogenic cells. During development of the small intestine, α-taxilin was expressed in Ki-67-positive regions. Inhibition of cell proliferation by suppression of the Notch cascade using a γ-secretase inhibitor led to a decrease in α-taxilin- and Ki-67-positive cells in the stomach. These results suggest that expression of α-taxilin is regulated in parallel with cell proliferation in the murine gastrointestinal tract.
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Lonskaya I, Partridge J, Lalchandani RR, Chung A, Lee T, Vicini S, Hoe HS, Lim ST, Conant K. Soluble ICAM-5, a product of activity dependent proteolysis, increases mEPSC frequency and dendritic expression of GluA1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69136. [PMID: 23844251 PMCID: PMC3699500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc dependent endopeptidases that can be released from neurons in an activity dependent manner to play a role in varied forms of learning and memory. MMP inhibitors impair hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP), spatial memory, and behavioral correlates of drug addiction. Since MMPs are thought to influence LTP through a β1 integrin dependent mechanism, it has been suggested that these enzymes cleave specific substrates to generate integrin binding ligands. In previously published work, we have shown that neuronal activity stimulates rapid MMP dependent shedding of intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5), a synaptic adhesion molecule expressed on dendrites of the telencephalon. We have also shown that the ICAM-5 ectodomain can interact with β1 integrins to stimulate integrin dependent phosphorylation of cofilin, an event that occurs with dendritic spine maturation and LTP. In the current study, we investigate the potential for the ICAM-5 ectodomain to stimulate changes in α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptor (AMPAR) dependent glutamatergic transmission. Single cell recordings show that the ICAM-5 ectodomain stimulates an increase in the frequency, but not the amplitude, of AMPA mini excitatory post synaptic currents (mEPSCs). With biotinylation and precipitation assays, we also show that the ICAM-5 ectodomain stimulates an increase in membrane levels of GluA1, but not GluA2, AMPAR subunits. In addition, we observe an ICAM-5 associated increase in GluA1 phosphorylation at serine 845. Concomitantly, ICAM-5 affects an increase in GluA1 surface staining along dendrites without affecting an increase in dendritic spine number. Together these data are consistent with the possibility that soluble ICAM-5 increases glutamatergic transmission and that post-synaptic changes, including increased phosphorylation and dendritic insertion of GluA1, could contribute. We suggest that future studies are warranted to determine whether ICAM-5 is one of a select group of synaptic CAMs whose shedding contributes to MMP dependent effects on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lonskaya
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - John Partridge
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Rupa R. Lalchandani
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Andrew Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Taehee Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Seung T. Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Katherine Conant
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yingyuad P, Mével M, Prata C, Furegati S, Kontogiorgis C, Thanou M, Miller AD. Enzyme-Triggered PEGylated pDNA-Nanoparticles for Controlled Release of pDNA in Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:343-62. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300419g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peerada Yingyuad
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies
Centre, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Mével
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies
Centre, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Prata
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies
Centre, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Furegati
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies
Centre, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies
Centre, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Thanou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London,
Franklin-Wilkins Building, Waterloo Campus, 150 Stamford Street, London,
SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies
Centre, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London,
Franklin-Wilkins Building, Waterloo Campus, 150 Stamford Street, London,
SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Huntley GW. Synaptic circuit remodelling by matrix metalloproteinases in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2012; 13:743-57. [PMID: 23047773 PMCID: PMC4900464 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellularly acting enzymes that have long been known to have deleterious roles in brain injury and disease. In particular, widespread and protracted MMP activity can contribute to neuronal loss and synaptic dysfunction. However, recent studies show that rapid and focal MMP-mediated proteolysis proactively drives synaptic structural and functional remodelling that is crucial for ongoing cognitive processes. Deficits in synaptic remodelling are associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders, and aberrant MMP expression or function may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying these deficits. This Review explores the paradigm shift in our understanding of the contribution of MMPs to normal and abnormal synaptic plasticity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Huntley
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and the Graduate School of Biological Sciences, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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76
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Van Hove I, Lemmens K, Van de Velde S, Verslegers M, Moons L. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the central nervous system: a look on the bright side. J Neurochem 2012; 123:203-16. [PMID: 22862420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteases involved in many cell-matrix and cell-cell signalling processes through activation, inactivation or release of extracellular matrix (ECM) and non-ECM molecules, such as growth factors and receptors. Uncontrolled MMP activities underlie the pathophysiology of many disorders. Also matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) or stromelysin-1 contributes to several pathologies, such as cancer, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis, and has also been associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. However, based on defined MMP spatiotemporal expression patterns, the identification of novel candidate molecular targets and in vitro and in vivo studies, a beneficial role for MMPs in CNS physiology and recovery is emerging. The main purpose of this review is to shed light on the recently identified roles of MMP-3 in normal brain development and in plasticity and regeneration after CNS injury and disease. As such, MMP-3 is correlated with neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth and guidance in the developing CNS and contributes to synaptic plasticity and learning in the adult CNS. Moreover, a strict spatiotemporal MMP-3 up-regulation in the injured or diseased CNS might support remyelination and neuroprotection, as well as genesis and migration of stem cells in the damaged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Van Hove
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Niedringhaus M, Chen X, Dzakpasu R, Conant K. MMPs and soluble ICAM-5 increase neuronal excitability within in vitro networks of hippocampal neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42631. [PMID: 22912716 PMCID: PMC3418258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are released from neurons in an activity dependent manner. Published studies suggest their activity is important to varied forms of learning and memory. At least one MMP can stimulate an increase in the size of dendritic spines, structures which represent the post synaptic component for a large number of glutamatergic synapses. This change may be associated with increased synaptic glutamate receptor incorporation, and an increased amplitude and/or frequency of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) mini excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs). An associated increase in the probability of action potential occurrence would be expected. While the mechanism(s) by which MMPs may influence synaptic structure and function are not completely understood, MMP dependent shedding of specific cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) could play an important role. CAMs are ideally positioned to be cleaved by synaptically released MMPs, and shed N terminal domains could potentially interact with previously unengaged integrins to stimulate dendritic actin polymerization with spine expansion. In the present study, we have used multielectrode arrays (MEAs) to investigate MMP and soluble CAM dependent changes in neuronal activity recorded from hippocampal cultures. We have focused on intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5) in particular, as this CAM is expressed on glutamatergic dendrites and shed in an MMP dependent manner. We show that chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP) evoked changes in recorded activity, and the dynamics of action potential bursts in particular, are altered by MMP inhibition. A blocking antibody to β1 integrins has a similar effect. We also show that the ectodomain of ICAM-5 can stimulate β1 integrin dependent increases in spike counts and burst number. These results support a growing body of literature suggesting that MMPs have important effects on neuronal excitability. They also support the possibility that MMP dependent shedding of specific synaptic CAMs can contribute to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Niedringhaus
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Dzakpasu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KC); (RD)
| | - Katherine Conant
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KC); (RD)
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78
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Lauzier A, Charbonneau M, Paquette M, Harper K, Dubois CM. Transglutaminase 2 cross-linking activity is linked to invadopodia formation and cartilage breakdown in arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R159. [PMID: 22762273 PMCID: PMC3580551 DOI: 10.1186/ar3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microenvironment surrounding inflamed synovium leads to the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), which are important contributors to cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritic (RA) joints. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), an enzyme involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) cross-linking and remodeling, is activated by inflammatory signals. This study was undertaken to assess the potential contribution of TG2 to FLS-induced cartilage degradation. Methods Transglutaminase (TGase) activity and collagen degradation were assessed with the immunohistochemistry of control, collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) or TG2 knockdown (shRNA)-treated joint tissues. TGase activity in control (C-FLS) and arthritic (A-FLS) rat FLSs was measured by in situ 5-(biotinamido)-pentylamine incorporation. Invadopodia formation and functions were measured in rat FLSs and cells from normal (control; C-FLS) and RA patients (RA-FLS) by in situ ECM degradation. Immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and p3TP-Lux reporter assays were used to assess transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production and activation. Results TG2 and TGase activity were associated with cartilage degradation in CIA joints. In contrast, TGase activity and cartilage degradation were reduced in joints by TG2 knockdown. A-FLSs displayed higher TGase activity and TG2 expression in ECM than did C-FLSs. TG2 knockdown or TGase inhibition resulted in reduced invadopodia formation in rat and human arthritic FLSs. In contrast, increased invadopodia formation was noted in response to TGase activity induced by TGF-β, dithiothreitol (DTT), or TG2 overexpression. TG2-induced increases in invadopodia formation were blocked by TGF-β neutralization or inhibition of TGF-βR1. Conclusions TG2, through its TGase activity, is required for ECM degradation in arthritic FLS and CIA joints. Our findings provide a potential target to prevent cartilage degradation in RA.
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Conant K, Lim ST, Randall B, Maguire-Zeiss KA. Matrix metalloproteinase dependent cleavage of cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of CNS dysfunction with HIV and methamphetamine. Curr HIV Res 2012; 10:384-91. [PMID: 22591362 PMCID: PMC6035363 DOI: 10.2174/157016212802138733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically appropriate levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are likely important to varied aspects of CNS function. In particular, these enzymes may contribute to neuronal activity dependent synaptic plasticity and to cell mobility in processes including stem cell migration and immune surveillance. Levels of MMPs may, however, be substantially increased in the setting of HIV infection with methamphetamine abuse. Elevated MMP levels might in turn influence integrity of the blood brain barrier, as has been demonstrated in published work. Herein we suggest that elevated levels of MMPs can also contribute to microglial activation as well as neuronal and synaptic injury through a mechanism that involves cleavage of specific cell and synaptic adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Conant
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building EP-16, 3970 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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80
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Polarised apical-like intracellular sorting and trafficking regulates invadopodia formation and degradation of the extracellular matrix in cancer cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:961-8. [PMID: 22564726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are proteolytically active protrusions formed by invasive tumoral cells when grown on an extracellular matrix (ECM) substratum. A current challenge is to understand how proteolytic activity is so precisely localised at discrete sites of the plasma membrane to produce focalised ECM degradation at invadopodia. Indeed, a number of components including metalloproteases need to be directed to invadopodia to ensure proper segregation of proteolytic activities. We recently found invadopodia to feature the properties of cholesterol-rich membrane domains (a.k.a. lipid drafts) and that ECM degradation depends on the tight control of cholesterol homeostasis. Since apically directed polarised sorting and transport in epithelial cells relies on segregation of proteins into lipid rafts at the Golgi complex, we hypothesised that invadopodia-dependent ECM degradation might also rely on lipid raft-dependent polarised transport routes. To investigate this issue we undertook a three-pronged approach. First, we found that microtubule depolymerisation, which is known to disrupt polarised transport in polarised cells, strongly inhibited invadopodia formation, while not affecting overall protein transport. In the second approach we found that glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored green fluorescent protein (an apical model protein), but not vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein or influenza virus hemagglutinin (both model basolateral model cargoes), was transported to sites of ECM degradation. Finally, RNAi-mediated knock-down of proteins known to specifically regulate polarised apical or basolateral transport in epithelial cells, such as caveolin 1 and annexin XIIIB or clathrin, respectively, demonstrated that the selective inhibition of the apical, but not the basolateral, transport route impairs invadopodia formation and ECM degradation. Taken together, our findings suggest that invadopodia are apical-like membrane domains, where signal transduction and local membrane remodelling events might be temporally and spatially confined via selective raft-dependent apical transport routes.
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81
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Dziembowska M, Wlodarczyk J. MMP9: A novel function in synaptic plasticity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:709-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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EB1-recruited microtubule +TIP complexes coordinate protrusion dynamics during 3D epithelial remodeling. Curr Biol 2012; 22:753-62. [PMID: 22483942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial remodeling, in which apical-basal polarized cells switch to a migratory phenotype, plays a central role in development and disease of multicellular organisms. Although dynamic microtubules (MTs) are required for directed migration on flat surfaces, how MT dynamics are controlled or contribute to epithelial remodeling in a more physiological three-dimensional (3D) environment is not understood. We use confocal live-cell imaging to analyze MT function and dynamics during 3D epithelial morphogenesis and remodeling of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells that undergo partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). RESULTS We find that HGF treatment increases MT growth rate before morphological changes are evident and that large numbers of MTs grow into HGF-induced cell extensions independent of centrosome reorientation. Using lentivirus-mediated small hairpin RNA, we demonstrate that EB1, an adaptor protein that mediates recruitment of numerous other +TIP proteins to growing MT plus ends, is required for this HGF-induced MT reorganization. We further show that protrusion and adhesion dynamics are disorganized and that vesicular trafficking to the tip of HGF-induced cell extensions is disrupted in EB1-depleted cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that EB1-mediated interactions with growing MTs are important to coordinate cell shape changes and directed migration into the surrounding extracellular matrix during epithelial remodeling in a physiological 3D environment. In contrast, EB1 is not required for the establishment or maintenance of apical-basal cell polarity, suggesting different functions of +TIPs and MTs in different types of cell polarity.
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83
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Shen DW, Gottesman MM. RAB8 enhances TMEM205-mediated cisplatin resistance. Pharm Res 2012; 29:643-50. [PMID: 21969054 PMCID: PMC3288766 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the small endosomal recycling GTPase, RAB8, plays a role in TMEM205-associated resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. METHODS Antibodies were used as markers for both genes; confocal microscopy was used to visualize their localization in cisplatin-resistant cells. Both single and dual-transfections were performed. RESULTS Expression of RAB8 was markedly elevated in human cisplatin-resistant cells. We found that TMEM205 was co-localized with RAB8. Dual transfectants with over-expression of both TMEM205 and RAB8 were found to be up to 4-fold more resistant to cisplatin, while cells transfected with RAB8 alone were ~2-fold more resistant. CONCLUSIONS The development of cisplatin resistance appears to be a consequence of pleotropic epigenetic alterations. We unravel the role of one gene, the GTPase RAB8, in this process. Because its highest expression was at an early step of cisplatin resistance, it may be involved in early development of resistance. Increased expression of TMEM205 and RAB8 in double-transfected cells and their increased resistance to cisplatin indicate an additive effect of these two genes, mediating cisplatin resistance. These two proteins are potential biomarkers or targets for gene or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Wu Shen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 2108, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4254, USA
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84
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Williams KC, Coppolino MG. Phosphorylation of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and its vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7)-dependent trafficking facilitate cell invasion and migration. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43405-16. [PMID: 22002060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.297069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, uncontrolled movement of cells can contribute to pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer. In highly aggressive tumors, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is linked to the capacity of tumor cells to invade surrounding tissue and current research indicates that the membrane-anchored membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has a central role in this process. Endocytosis and trafficking of MT1-MMP are essential for its proper function, and here we examine the phosphorylation, internalization, and recycling of this enzyme, and the associated biochemical signaling in HeLa and HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Activation of protein kinase C with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in phosphorylation of endogenous MT1-MMP at Thr(567) in vivo. Mutation of Thr(567) to alanine (to mimic non-phosphorylated MT1-MMP) reduced internalization of MT1-MMP, whereas mutation of Thr(567) to glutamic acid (to mimic phosphorylation) resulted in decreased levels of MT1-MMP on the cell surface. The endosomal trafficking and recycling of MT1-MMP was found to be dependent upon Rab7 and VAMP7, and blocking the function of these proteins reduced cell migration and invasion. Intracellular trafficking of MT1-MMP was observed to be coupled to the trafficking of integrin α5 and phosphorylation of ERK that coincided with this was dependent on phosphorylation of MT1-MMP. Together, these results reveal important roles for MT1-MMP phosphorylation and trafficking in both cell signaling and cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Mashidori T, Shirataki H, Kamai T, Nakamura F, Yoshida KI. Increased alpha-taxilin protein expression is associated with the metastatic and invasive potential of renal cell cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 32:103-10. [PMID: 21551945 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.32.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular vesicle trafficking is the principal transportation system in eukaryotic cells, and is considered to be involved in a variety of processes related to cell proliferation. A protein named alpha-taxilin has been identified as a binding partner of the syntaxin family, which coordinates intracellular vesicle trafficking. To clarify the role of alpha-taxilin in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we investigated alpha-taxilin protein expression in clear cell RCC tissues. We analyzed alphataxilin protein in matched sets of tumor and non-tumor tissues from the surgical specimens of 52 Japanese RCC patients by Western blotting. We also studied the relation between alpha-taxilin protein expression in tumor tissues and various clinicopathological features. The alpha-taxilin protein level was higher in tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05). Increased expression of alpha-taxilin protein in primary tumors was related to local invasion (P < 0.001), pathological vessel invasion (P < 0.001), and metastasis (P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier plots of survival for patients with low versus high alpha-taxilin expression revealed that high expression in tumor tissues was associated with shorter overall survival in all patients (P < 0.05) and with shorter disease-free survival in patients without metastasis (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that alpha-taxilin influences the metastatic and invasive potential of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mashidori
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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86
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Dupuis-Coronas S, Lagarrigue F, Ramel D, Chicanne G, Saland E, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Payrastre B, Tronchère H. The nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase oncogene interacts, activates, and uses the kinase PIKfyve to increase invasiveness. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32105-14. [PMID: 21737449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.227512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NPM-ALK is a chimeric tyrosine kinase detected in most anaplastic large cell lymphomas that results from the reciprocal translocation t(2,5)(p23;q35) that fuses the N-terminal domain of nucleophosmin (NPM) to the catalytic domain of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor. The constitutive activity of the kinase is responsible for its oncogenicity through the stimulation of several downstream signaling pathways, leading to cell proliferation, migration, and survival. We demonstrated previously that the high level of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate measured in NPM-ALK-expressing cells is controlled by the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve, a lipid kinase known for its role in vesicular trafficking. Here, we show that PIKfyve associates with NPM-ALK and that the interaction involves the 181-300 region of the oncogene. Moreover, we demonstrate that the tyrosine kinase activity of the oncogene controls PIKfyve lipid kinase activity but is dispensable for the formation of the complex. Silencing or inhibition of PIKfyve using siRNA or the PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636 have no effect on NPM-ALK-mediated proliferation and migration but strongly reduce invasive capacities of NPM-ALK-expressing cells and their capacity to degrade the extracellular matrix. Accordingly, immunofluorescence studies confirm a perturbation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 localization at the cell surface and defect in maturation. Altogether, these results suggest a role for PIKfyve in NPM-ALK-mediated invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dupuis-Coronas
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Secretory and endo/exocytic trafficking in invadopodia formation: The MT1-MMP paradigm. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Conant K, Lonskaya I, Szklarczyk A, Krall C, Steiner J, Maguire-Zeiss K, Lim ST. Methamphetamine-associated cleavage of the synaptic adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-5. J Neurochem 2011; 118:521-32. [PMID: 21166806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that, used in excess, may be neurotoxic. Although the mechanisms that underlie its addictive potential are not completely understood, in animal models matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors can reduce behavioral correlates of addiction. In addition, evidence from genome-wide association studies suggests that polymorphisms in synaptic cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs), known MMP substrates, are linked to addictive potential in humans. In the present study, we examined the ability of MA to stimulate cleavage of intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5), a synaptic CAM expressed on dendritic spines in the telencephalon. Previous studies have shown that shedding of ICAM-5 is associated with maturation of dendritic spines, and that MMP-dependent shedding occurs with long term potentiation. Herein, we show that MA stimulates ectodomain cleavage of ICAM-5 in vitro, and that this is abrogated by a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor. We also show that an acute dose of MA, administered in vivo, is associated with cleavage of ICAM-5 in murine hippocampus and striatum. This occurs within 6 h and is accompanied by an increase in MMP-9 protein. In related experiments, we examined the potential consequences of ICAM-5 shedding. We demonstrate that the ICAM-5 ectodomain can interact with β(1) integrins, and that it can stimulate β(1) integrin-dependent phosphorylation of cofilin, an event that has previously been linked to MMP-dependent spine maturation. Together these data support an emerging appreciation of MMPs as effectors of synaptic plasticity and suggest a mechanism by which MA may influence the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Conant
- The Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA.
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89
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Pulido IR, Jahn R, Gerke V. VAMP3 is associated with endothelial weibel-palade bodies and participates in their Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:1038-44. [PMID: 21094665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are secretory organelles of endothelial cells that store the thrombogenic glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (vWF). Endothelial activation, e.g. by histamine and thrombin, triggers the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of WPB that releases vWF into the vasculature and thereby initiates platelet capture and thrombus formation. Towards understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulated WPB exocytosis, we here identify components of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) machinery associated with WPB. We show that vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) 3 and VAMP8 are present on WPB and that VAMP3, but not VAMP8 forms a stable complex with syntaxin 4 and SNAP23, two plasma membrane-associated SNAREs in endothelial cells. By introducing mutant SNARE proteins into permeabilized endothelial cells we also show that soluble VAMP3 but not VAMP8 mutants comprising the cytoplasmic domain interfere with efficient vWF secretion. This indicates that endothelial cells specifically select VAMP 3 over VAMP8 to cooperate with syntaxin 4 and SNAP23 in the Ca(2+)-triggered fusion of WPB with the plasma membrane. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Rojo Pulido
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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90
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Skalski M, Yi Q, Kean MJ, Myers DW, Williams KC, Burtnik A, Coppolino MG. Lamellipodium extension and membrane ruffling require different SNARE-mediated trafficking pathways. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:62. [PMID: 20698987 PMCID: PMC2925818 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracellular membrane traffic is an essential component of the membrane remodeling that supports lamellipodium extension during cell adhesion. The membrane trafficking pathways that contribute to cell adhesion have not been fully elucidated, but recent studies have implicated SNARE proteins. Here, the functions of several SNAREs (SNAP23, VAMP3, VAMP4 and syntaxin13) are characterized during the processes of cell spreading and membrane ruffling. Results We report the first description of a SNARE complex, containing SNAP23, syntaxin13 and cellubrevin/VAMP3, that is induced by cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix. Impairing the function of the SNAREs in the complex using inhibitory SNARE domains disrupted the recycling endosome, impeded delivery of integrins to the cell surface, and reduced haptotactic cell migration and spreading. Blocking SNAP23 also inhibited the formation of PMA-stimulated, F-actin-rich membrane ruffles; however, membrane ruffle formation was not significantly altered by inhibition of VAMP3 or syntaxin13. In contrast, membrane ruffling, and not cell spreading, was sensitive to inhibition of two SNAREs within the biosynthetic secretory pathway, GS15 and VAMP4. Consistent with this, formation of a complex containing VAMP4 and SNAP23 was enhanced by treatment of cells with PMA. The results reveal a requirement for the function of a SNAP23-syntaxin13-VAMP3 complex in the formation of lamellipodia during cell adhesion and of a VAMP4-SNAP23-containing complex during PMA-induced membrane ruffling. Conclusions Our findings suggest that different SNARE-mediated trafficking pathways support membrane remodeling during ECM-induced lamellipodium extension and PMA-induced ruffle formation, pointing to important mechanistic differences between these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Skalski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guleph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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91
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Conant K, Wang Y, Szklarczyk A, Dudak A, Mattson MP, Lim ST. Matrix metalloproteinase-dependent shedding of intercellular adhesion molecule-5 occurs with long-term potentiation. Neuroscience 2010; 166:508-21. [PMID: 20045450 PMCID: PMC3535483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that can be released or activated in a neuronal activity dependent manner. Although pathologically elevated levels of MMPs may be synaptotoxic, physiologically appropriate levels of MMPs may instead enhance synaptic transmission. MMP inhibitors can block long term potentiation (LTP), and at least one family member can affect an increase in the volume of dendritic spines. While the mechanism by which MMPs affect these changes is not completely understood, one possibility is that the cleavage of specific synaptic cell adhesion molecules plays a role. In the present study, we have examined the ability of neuronal activity to stimulate rapid MMP dependent shedding of the intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5), a synaptic adhesion molecule that is thought to inhibit the maturation and enlargement of dendritic spines. Since such cleavage would likely occur within minutes if it were relevant to a process such as LTP, we focused on post stimulus time points of 30 min or less. We show that NMDA can stimulate rapid shedding of ICAM-5 from cortical neurons in dissociated cell cultures and that such shedding is diminished by pretreatment of cultures with inhibitors that target MMP-3 and -9, proteases thought to influence synaptic plasticity. Additional studies suggest that MMP mediated cleavage of ICAM-5 occurs at amino acid 780, so that the major portion of the ectodomain is released. Since reductions in ICAM-5 have been linked to changes in dendritic spine morphology that are associated with LTP, we also examined the possibility that MMP dependent ICAM-5 shedding occurs following high frequency tetanic stimulation of murine hippocampal slices. Results show that the shedding of ICAM-5 occurs in association with LTP, and that both LTP and the associated ICAM-5 shedding are reduced when slices are pretreated with an MMP inhibitor. Together, these findings suggest that neuronal activity is linked to the shedding of a molecule that may inhibit dendritic spine enlargement and that MMPs can affect this change. While further studies will be necessary to determine the extent to which cleavage of ICAM-5 in particular contributes to MMP dependent LTP, our data support an emerging body of literature suggesting that MMPs are critical mediators of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Conant
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Arek Szklarczyk
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amanda Dudak
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Seung T. Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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