51
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Xie Z, Shao B, Hoover C, McDaniel M, Song J, Jiang M, Ma Z, Yang F, Han J, Bai X, Ruan C, Xia L. Monocyte upregulation of podoplanin during early sepsis induces complement inhibitor release to protect liver function. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134749. [PMID: 32641582 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ failure in sepsis is a progressive failure of several interdependent organ systems. Liver dysfunction occurs early during sepsis and is directly associated with patient death; however, the underlying mechanism of liver dysfunction is unclear. Platelet transfusion benefits patients with sepsis, and inhibition of complement activation protects liver function in septic animals. Herein, we explored the potential link between platelets, complement activation, and liver dysfunction in sepsis. We found that deletion of platelet C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) exacerbated liver dysfunction in early sepsis. Platelet CLEC-2-deficient mice exhibited higher complement activation, more severe complement attack in the liver, and lower plasma levels of complement inhibitors at early time points after E. coli infection. Circulating monocytes expressed the CLEC-2 ligand podoplanin in early sepsis, and podoplanin binding induced release of complement inhibitors from platelets. Injection of complement inhibitors released from platelets reduced complement attack and attenuated liver dysfunction in septic mice. These findings indicate a new function of platelets in the regulation of complement activation during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanli Xie
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christopher Hoover
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jianhua Song
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Miao Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Bai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology and.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology and.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology and
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Falkensteiner C, Kortgen A, Leonhardt J, Bauer M, Sponholz C. Comparison of albumin dialysis devices molecular adsorbent recirculating system and ADVanced Organ Support system in critically ill patients with liver failure-A retrospective analysis. Ther Apher Dial 2020; 25:225-236. [PMID: 32515160 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal albumin dialysis (ECAD) represents a supplemental therapy for patients with liver failure. Most experience was gained with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS). However, the ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system was recently introduced. This study aims to compare effects of MARS and ADVOS on biochemical and clinical parameters in critically ill patients with liver failure using a retrospective analysis of ECAD at Jena University Hospital. Laboratory parameters, health scoring values, and need for transfusion were recorded before and after treatment. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for repeated measurements of multiple ECAD cycles per patient. Between 2012 and 2017, n = 75 MARS and n = 58 ADVOS cycles were evaluated. Although ADVOS runs significantly longer, both devices provided comparable reduction rates of bilirubin (MARS: -48 [-80.5 to -18.5] μmol/L vs ADVOS: -35 [-87.8 to -2.0] μmol/L, P = .194), a surrogate for detoxification capacity, while urea and lactate levels were more significantly lowered by the ADVOS system. In cycles with similar treatment times, both systems provided comparable reduction rates for bilirubin, renal replacement, coagulation, and metabolic parameters. Citrate was the preferred anticoagulant in case of bleeding. Neither bleeding tendency nor fibrinogen levels or platelets were altered by the type of anticoagulation. No adverse events were reported, but two sessions (one MARS and one ADVOS) were terminated early due to filter clotting. Experience is needed in the application of ADVOS and more prospective trials comparing the detoxification capacity of ECAD devices are needed to support and enlarge the findings of the current evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Falkensteiner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Kortgen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Leonhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Sponholz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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HSPA12A attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury through inhibiting caspase-11-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis via PGC-1α-dependent acyloxyacyl hydrolase expression. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2651-2667. [PMID: 32332915 PMCID: PMC7429872 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction is strongly associated with poor survival of sepsis patients. Cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensing by Caspase-4/5/11 for pyroptosis activation is a major driver of the development of sepsis. Studies in macrophages and endothelial cells have demonstrated that LPS is inactivated by acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH) and leading to desensitizing Caspase-4/5/11 to LPS. However, little is known about the cytosolic LPS-induced pyroptosis in hepatocytes during sepsis. Heat shock protein 12A (HSPA12A) is a novel member of the HSP70 family. Here, we report that LPS increased HSPA12A nuclear translocation in hepatocytes, while knockout of HSPA12A (Hspa12a−/−) in mice promoted LPS-induced acute liver injury. We also noticed that the LPS-induced Caspase-11 activation and its cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) to produce the membrane pore-forming GSDMDNterm (markers of pyroptosis) were greater in livers of Hspa12a−/− mice compared with its wild type controls. Loss- and gain-of-function studies showed that HSPA12A deficiency promoted, whereas HSPA12A overexpression inhibited, cytosolic LPS accumulation, Caspase-11 activation and GSDMDNterm generation in primary hepatocytes following LPS incubation. Notably, LPS-induced AOAH expression was suppressed by HSPA12A deficiency, whereas AOAH overexpression reversed the HSPA12A deficiency-induced promotion of LPS-evoked and Caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis of hepatocytes. In-depth molecular analysis showed that HSPA12A interacted directly with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and increased its nuclear translocation, thereby inducing AOAH expression for cytosolic LPS inactivation, which ultimately leading to inhibition of the Caspase-11 mediated pyroptosis of hepatocytes. Taken together, these findings revealed HSPA12A as a novel player against LPS-induced liver injury by inhibiting cytosolic LPS-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis via PGC-1α-mediated AOAH expression. Therefore, targeting hepatocyte HSPA12A represents a viable strategy for the management of liver injury in sepsis patients.
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Libert C, Ayala A, Bauer M, Cavaillon JM, Deutschman C, Frostell C, Knapp S, Kozlov AV, Wang P, Osuchowski MF, Remick DG. Part II: Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) for Types of Infections and Organ Dysfunction Endpoints. Shock 2020; 51:23-32. [PMID: 30106873 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the clinical definitions of sepsis and recommended treatments are regularly updated, a systematic review has not been done for preclinical models. To address this deficit, a Wiggers-Bernard Conference on preclinical sepsis modeling reviewed the 260 most highly cited papers between 2003 and 2012 using sepsis models to create a series of recommendations. This Part II report provides recommendations for the types of infections and documentation of organ injury in preclinical sepsis models. Concerning the types of infections, the review showed that the cecal ligation and puncture model was used for 44% of the studies while 40% injected endotoxin. Recommendation #8 (numbered sequentially from Part I): endotoxin injection should not be considered as a model of sepsis; live bacteria or fungal strains derived from clinical isolates are more appropriate. Recommendation #9: microorganisms should replicate those typically found in human sepsis. Sepsis-3 states that sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, but the review of the papers showed limited attempts to document organ dysfunction. Recommendation #10: organ dysfunction definitions should be used in preclinical models. Recommendation #11: not all activities in an organ/system need to be abnormal to verify organ dysfunction. Recommendation #12: organ dysfunction should be measured in an objective manner using reproducible scoring systems. Recommendation #13: not all experiments must measure all parameters of organ dysfunction, but investigators should attempt to fully capture as much information as possible. These recommendations are proposed as "best practices" for animal models of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Rhode Island Hospital & Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | - Clifford Deutschman
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Claes Frostell
- Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ping Wang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
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Wu XJ, Yan XT, Yang XM, Zhang Y, Wang HY, Luo H, Fang Q, Li H, Li XY, Chen K, Wang YL, Zhang ZZ, Song XM. GTS-21 ameliorates polymicrobial sepsis-induced hepatic injury by modulating autophagy through α7nAchRs in mice. Cytokine 2020; 128:155019. [PMID: 32018068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that GTS-21, a selective alpha 7 nAchR agonist, can trigger anti-inflammatory effects and improve the survival of septic animals. However, whether GTS-21 affects autophagy responses remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that GTS-21 ameliorates sepsis-induced hepatic injury by modulating autophagy in mice. METHOD C57BL/6 male mice were randomly separated and categorized into four groups: the sham group, and CLP group subjected to caecal ligation and puncture (CLP, a model of polymicrobial sepsis). The CLP + GTS-21 group was administered GTS-21 immediately after CLP challenge. α-Bungarotoxin (an alpha 7 nAchR antagonist) was injected before CLP was performed, and then, after CLP challenge, GTS-21 was administered to α-BGT + CLP + GTS-21 group. The hepatic tissue and blood samples were harvested 6 h after the operation. RESULTS CLP challenge increased TNF-α and IL-6 production, and hepatic enzyme alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels. CLP also elevated the expression of hepatic LC3-II, sequestosome-1/p62, Atg7 and Atg5. The administration of GTS-21 inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production and hepatic enzymatic marker expression, promoted the expression of LC3-II, Atg7, Atg5, and decreased the expression of p62, which could be reversed by α-BGT treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that α7nAchR is involved in diminishing hepatic damage by inhibiting inflammatory responses and improving autophagy in mice with polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Wuchang, 238 Liberation Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue-Tao Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bao'an Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen 518100, Baoan, 56 Yulv Road, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xu-Ming Yang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huan Luo
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing Fang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Chen
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zong-Ze Zhang
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Song
- The Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Wuchang, 125 Donghu Road, Hubei Province, China.
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Horvatits T, Drolz A, Trauner M, Fuhrmann V. Liver Injury and Failure in Critical Illness. Hepatology 2019; 70:2204-2215. [PMID: 31215660 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of acquired liver injury and failure in critical illness has been significantly increasing over recent decades. Currently, liver injury and failure are observed in up to 20% of patients in intensive care units and are associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Secondary forms of liver injury in critical illness are divided primarily into cholestatic, hypoxic, or mixed forms. Therefore, sufficient knowledge of underlying alterations (e.g., hemodynamic, inflammatory, or drug induced) is key to a better understanding of clinical manifestations, prognostic implications, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic options of acquired liver injury and failure. This review provides a structured approach for the evaluation and treatment of acquired liver injury and failure in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horvatits
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Drolz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Fuhrmann
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Münster, Münster, Germany
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Fan J, Zhang YC, Zheng DF, Zhang M, Liu H, He M, Wu ZJ. IL-27 is elevated in sepsis with acute hepatic injury and promotes hepatic damage and inflammation in the CLP model. Cytokine 2019; 127:154936. [PMID: 31786500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immuno-inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of sepsis-associated acute hepatic injury (AHI). Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is an important inflammatory regulator; however, its role in this condition is not clear. METHODS The clinical data and IL-27 serum levels in sepsis patients with or without AHI were analysed. Classical caecal ligation puncture (CLP) models were established in wild-type (WT) and IL-27 receptor (WSX-1)-deficient (IL-27R-/-) mice. In addition, exogenous IL-27 was injected into these mice, and the levels of IL-27, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the serum and liver were then measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), quantitative PCR, and Western blotting. The severity of liver damage was evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin staining of liver tissue, TUNEL assay and evaluation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) serum levels. Furthermore, the effects of IL-27 on the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in macrophages were assessed by Western blotting, and the effects of IL-27 on the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS IL-27 was elevated in sepsis patients with acute hepatic injury, which correlated with the Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHEII) scores, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. In the CLP-WT group, IL-27 was highly expressed in the serum and liver, which correlated with the elevated content of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, and p-JNK in the serum and liver and the pathological injury of the liver. In CLP-IL-27R-/- group, however, the levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, and p-JNK in the serum and liver and the pathological injury of the liver were decreased. Treatment with exogenous IL-27 led to a further increase in these cytokines in WT mice after CLP. IL-27 treatment and lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro increased the expression of p-JNK, IL-6, and TNF-α in macrophages, and these changes were decreased by a JNK signalling pathway inhibitor. CONCLUSION IL-27 is elevated in sepsis patients, especially those with acute hepatic injury. In addition, IL-27 can promote inflammatory reactions in the CLP-induced hepatic injury mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Department of Critical care medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu-Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dao-Feng Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Department of Critical care medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Miao He
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No.181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Williams B, Neder J, Cui P, Suen A, Tanaka K, Zou L, Chao W. Toll-like receptors 2 and 7 mediate coagulation activation and coagulopathy in murine sepsis. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:1683-1693. [PMID: 31211901 PMCID: PMC7197442 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening condition often manifested as marked inflammation and severe coagulopathy. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in inflammation, organ dysfunction and mortality in animal sepsis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of TLR signaling in mediating sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) in a mouse model. METHODS Polymicrobial sepsis was created by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or fecal slurry peritoneal injection. To quantify global clotting function, two viscoelastic assays were performed with rotational thromboelastometry, and the results were presented as maximum clot firmness (MCF): (a) EXTEM to test tissue factor (TF)-initiated clot formation; and (b) FIBTEM to test EXTEM in the presence of a platelet inhibitor, cytochalasin D. Plasma coagulation factors were quantified with ELISA. TF gene expression and protein expression were determined with real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Between 4 and 24 hours after CLP surgery, wild-type mice showed significant MCF reduction in both EXTEM and FIBTEM tests. This was accompanied by marked thrombocytopenia and a significant increase in the levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, plasma TF, and D-dimer. In comparison, TLR2-/- and TLR7-/- CLP mice showed preserved MCF and platelet counts, and near-normal plasma TF levels. Bone marrow-derived macrophages treated with a TLR2 agonist Pam3cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (Pam3cys) or a TLR7 agonist (R837) showed marked increases in TF gene expression and protein expression. MicroRNA-146a, a newly identified proinflammatory mediator that is upregulated during sepsis, induced TF production via a TLR7-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Murine sepsis leads to an increased procoagulant response, thrombocytopenia, and global coagulopathy. TLR2 and TLR7 play an important role in procoagulant production and in SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Williams
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica Neder
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ping Cui
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Suen
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lin Zou
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei Chao
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Anticholestatic mechanisms of ursodeoxycholic acid in lipopolysaccharide-induced cholestasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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On the Role of Illness Duration and Nutrient Restriction in Cholestatic Alterations that Occur During Critical Illness. Shock 2019; 50:187-198. [PMID: 29076974 PMCID: PMC6039378 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Background and Aims: Elevated markers of cholestasis are common in response to critical illness, and associated with adverse outcome. The role of illness duration and of nutrient restriction on underlying molecular pathways of such cholestatic responses have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: In a mouse model of surgery- and sepsis-induced critical illness, molecular pathways of cholestasis were investigated up to 7 days. To assess which changes are explained by illness-induced lack of feeding, nutrient-restricted healthy mice were studied and compared with ad libitum fed healthy mice. Furthermore, serum bile acid (BA) concentrations were quantified in 1,114 human patients with either short or long intensive care unit (ICU) stay, matched for type and severity of illness, up to ICU-day-7. Results: In critically ill mice, either evoked by surgery or sepsis, circulating and hepatic BA-levels progressively increased with time from day-3 onward, preceded by unsuppressed or upregulated CYP7A1 and CYP27A1 protein expression. From 30 h onward, nuclear farnesoid-X-receptor-retinoid-X-receptor staining was significantly suppressed in both critically ill groups, followed from day-3 onward by decreased gene expression of the apical exporter BA-specific export pump and increased expression of basolateral exporters multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP3) and MRP4. Nutrient restriction in healthy mice only partly mirrored illness-induced alterations in circulating BA and BA-transporters, without changing nuclear receptors or synthesis markers expression. Also in human critically ill patients, serum BA increased with time in long-stay patients only, similarly for patients with or without sepsis. Conclusions: Circulating BA concentrations rose days after onset of sepsis- and surgery-induced, critical illness, only partially explained by lack of feeding, preceded by suppressed nuclear feedback-sensors and ongoing BA synthesis. Expression of transporters suggested ongoing reversed BA-flow toward the blood.
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Englert FA, Seidel RA, Galler K, Gouveia Z, Soares MP, Neugebauer U, Clemens MG, Sponholz C, Heinemann SH, Pohnert G, Bauer M, Weis S. Labile heme impairs hepatic microcirculation and promotes hepatic injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 672:108075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ilaiwy A, Ten Have GAM, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, O'Neal SK, Berthiaume JM, Parry TL, Deutz NE, Willis MS. Identification of Metabolic Changes in Ileum, Jejunum, Skeletal Muscle, Liver, and Lung in a Continuous I.V. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Model of Sepsis Using Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1797-1813. [PMID: 31439155 PMCID: PMC6723233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a multiorgan disease affecting the ileum and jejunum (small intestine), liver, skeletal muscle, and lung clinically. The specific metabolic changes in the ileum, jejunum, liver, skeletal muscle, and lung have not previously been investigated. Live Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from a patient, was given via i.v. catheter to pigs to induce severe sepsis. Eighteen hours later, ileum, jejunum, medial gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, liver, and lung were analyzed by nontargeted metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ileum and the liver demonstrated significant changes in metabolites involved in linoleic acid metabolism: the ileum and lung had significant changes in the metabolism of valine/leucine/isoleucine; the jejunum, skeletal muscle, and liver had significant changes in arginine/proline metabolism; and the skeletal muscle and lung had significant changes in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, as analyzed by pathway analysis. Pathway analysis also identified changes in metabolic pathways unique for different tissues, including changes in the citric acid cycle (jejunum), β-alanine metabolism (skeletal muscle), and purine metabolism (liver). These findings demonstrate both overlapping metabolic pathways affected in different tissues and those that are unique to others and provide insight into the metabolic changes in sepsis leading to organ dysfunction. This may allow therapeutic interventions that focus on multiple tissues or single tissues once the relationship of the altered metabolites/metabolism to the underlying pathogenesis of sepsis is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Ilaiwy
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sara K O'Neal
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Berthiaume
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Traci L Parry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Tran TT, Mathieu C, Torres M, Loriod B, Lê LT, Nguyen C, Bernard M, Leone M, Lalevée N. Effect of landiolol on sex-related transcriptomic changes in the myocardium during sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2019; 7:50. [PMID: 31428883 PMCID: PMC6701793 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-019-0263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study are to better understand phenotypic differences between male and female rats during sepsis, to characterise the contribution of the beta1-adrenergic blocker landiolol to septic cardiomyopathy and to determine why landiolol induces divergent effects in males and females. Methods The myocardial transcriptional profiles in male and female Wistar rats were assessed after the induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture and addition of landiolol. Results Our results showed major differences in the biological processes activated during sepsis in male and female rats. In particular, a significant decrease in processes related to cell organisation, contractile function, ionic transport and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) signalling was observed only in males. The transcript of ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 3 (SERCA3) was sex-differently regulated. In males, landiolol reversed several signalling pathways dysregulated during sepsis. The expression level of genes encoding tubulin alpha 8 (TUBA8) and myosin heavy chain 7B (MYH7) contractile proteins, phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA), G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) and A-kinase anchoring protein 6 (AKAP6) returned to their basal levels. In contrast, in females, landiolol had limited effects. Conclusion In males, landiolol reversed the expression of many genes that were deregulated in sepsis. Conversely, sepsis-induced deregulation of gene expression was less pronounced in females than in males, and was maintained in the landiolol-treated females. These findings highlight important sex-related differences and confirm previous observations on the important benefit of landiolol intake on cardiac function in male rats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40635-019-0263-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thom Tran
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1090, TAGC, Campus de Luminy, Case 928, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Calypso Mathieu
- Aix Marseille Univ, Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Torres
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1090, TAGC, Campus de Luminy, Case 928, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Béatrice Loriod
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1090, TAGC, Campus de Luminy, Case 928, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1090, TGML, Marseille, France
| | - Linh Thuy Lê
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1090, TAGC, Campus de Luminy, Case 928, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1090, TAGC, Campus de Luminy, Case 928, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Marc Leone
- Aix Marseille Univ, Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France.
| | - Nathalie Lalevée
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1090, TAGC, Campus de Luminy, Case 928, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
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Wang F, Lei X, Zhao Y, Yu Q, Li Q, Zhao H, Pei Z. Protective role of thymoquinone in sepsis-induced liver injury in BALB/c mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1985-1992. [PMID: 31410159 PMCID: PMC6676142 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis increases the risk of developing liver injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that thymoquinone (TQ) exhibits hepatoprotective properties in vivo as well as in vitro. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of TQ against liver injury in septic BALB/c mice. Male BALB/c mice (age, 8 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups, namely, the control, TQ (50 mg/kg/day) treatment, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and TQ + CLP groups. CLP was performed following gavage of TQ for 2 weeks. At 48 h post-CLP, the histopathological alterations in the liver tissue (LT) and plasma levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed. The present study evaluated microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), sequestosome-1 (p62) and beclin 1 protein expression by western blotting and immunostaining, as well as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression by RT-qPCR. The results of the present study indicated that administration of TQ to mice reduced the histological alterations caused by CLP in LT. TQ inhibited the plasma levels of ALT, AST and ALP in the CLP group. TQ significantly inhibited the elevation of p62, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α levels as well as increased the LC3, beclin 1 and IL-10 levels in LT. PI3K expression in the TQ + CLP group was significantly decreased compared with that in the CLP group. TQ treatment effectively modulated the expression levels of p62, LC3, beclin 1, PI3K and proinflammatory cytokines, and may be an important agent for the treatment of sepsis-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Lei
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, The First Clinical College, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, The First Clinical College, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qinggong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Qianwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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Roma MG, Barosso IR, Miszczuk GS, Crocenzi FA, Pozzi EJS. Dynamic Localization of Hepatocellular Transporters: Role in Biliary Excretion and Impairment in Cholestasis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1113-1154. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171205153204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile flow generation is driven by the vectorial transfer of osmotically active compounds from sinusoidal blood into a confined space, the bile canaliculus. Hence, localization of hepatocellular transporters relevant to bile formation is crucial for bile secretion. Hepatocellular transporters are localized either in the plasma membrane or in recycling endosomes, from where they can be relocated to the plasma membrane on demand, or endocytosed when the demand decreases. The balance between endocytic internalization/ exocytic targeting to/from this recycling compartment is therefore the main determinant of the hepatic capability to generate bile, and to dispose endo- and xenobiotics. Furthermore, the exacerbated endocytic internalization is a common pathomechanisms in both experimental and human cholestasis; this results in bile secretory failure and, eventually, posttranslational transporter downregulation by increased degradation. This review summarizes the proposed structural mechanisms accounting for this pathological condition (e.g., alteration of function, localization or expression of F-actin or F-actin/transporter cross-linking proteins, and switch to membrane microdomains where they can be readily endocytosed), and the mediators implicated (e.g., triggering of “cholestatic” signaling transduction pathways). Lastly, we discussed the efficacy to counteract the cholestatic failure induced by transporter internalization of a number of therapeutic experimental approaches based upon the use of compounds that trigger exocytic targetting of canalicular transporters (e.g., cAMP, tauroursodeoxycholate). This therapeutics may complement treatments aimed to transcriptionally improve transporter expression, by affording proper localization and membrane stability to the de novo synthesized transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G. Roma
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ismael R. Barosso
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gisel S. Miszczuk
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernando A. Crocenzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
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Blaurock-Möller N, Gröger M, Siwczak F, Dinger J, Schmerler D, Mosig AS, Kiehntopf M. CAAP48, a New Sepsis Biomarker, Induces Hepatic Dysfunction in an in vitro Liver-on-Chip Model. Front Immunol 2019; 10:273. [PMID: 30873161 PMCID: PMC6401602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in the critically ill, characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunctions due to dysregulation of the host response to infection. Using mass spectrometry, we identified a C-terminal fragment of alpha-1-antitrypsin, designated CAAP48, as a new sepsis biomarker that actively participates in the pathophysiology of sepsis. It is well-known that liver dysfunction is an early event in sepsis-associated multi-organ failure, thus we analyzed the pathophysiological function of CAAP48 in a microfluidic-supported in vitro liver-on-chip model. Hepatocytes were stimulated with synthetic CAAP48 and several control peptides. CAAP48-treatment resulted in an accumulation of the hepatocyte-specific intracellular enzymes aspartate- and alanine-transaminase and impaired the activity of the hepatic multidrug resistant-associated protein 2 and cytochrome P450 3A4. Moreover, CAAP48 reduced hepatic expression of the multidrug resistant-associated protein 2 and disrupted the endothelial structural integrity as demonstrated by reduced expression of VE-cadherin, F-actin and alteration of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1, which resulted in a loss of the endothelial barrier function. Furthermore, CAAP48 induced the release of adhesion molecules and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our results show that CAAP48 triggers inflammation-related endothelial barrier disruption as well as hepatocellular dysfunction in a liver-on-chip model emulating the pathophysiological conditions of inflammation. Besides its function as new sepsis biomarker, CAAP48 thus might play an important role in the development of liver dysfunction as a consequence of the dysregulated host immune-inflammatory response in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Blaurock-Möller
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marko Gröger
- Centre for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Fatina Siwczak
- Centre for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Dinger
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Schmerler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Centre for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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68
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Raasch M, Fritsche E, Kurtz A, Bauer M, Mosig AS. Microphysiological systems meet hiPSC technology - New tools for disease modeling of liver infections in basic research and drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:51-67. [PMID: 29908880 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex cell culture models such as microphysiological models (MPS) mimicking human liver functionality in vitro are in the spotlight as alternative to conventional cell culture and animal models. Promising techniques like microfluidic cell culture or micropatterning by 3D bioprinting are gaining increasing importance for the development of MPS to address the needs for more predictivity and cost efficiency. In this context, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer new perspectives for the development of advanced liver-on-chip systems by recreating an in vivo like microenvironment that supports the reliable differentiation of hiPSCs to hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). In this review we will summarize current protocols of HLC generation and highlight recently established MPS suitable to resemble physiological hepatocyte function in vitro. In addition, we are discussing potential applications of liver MPS for disease modeling related to systemic or direct liver infections and the use of MPS in testing of new drug candidates.
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69
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Ferrario M, Brunelli L, Su F, Herpain A, Pastorelli R. The Systemic Alterations of Lipids, Alanine-Glucose Cycle and Inter-Organ Amino Acid Metabolism in Swine Model Confirms the Role of Liver in Early Phase of Septic Shock. Front Physiol 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 30745875 PMCID: PMC6360162 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is a medical emergency and is one of the main causes of mortality in critically ill patients. Given the pathophysiological complexity of sepsis spectrum and progression in clinical settings, animal models become essential tools to improve patient care, and to understand key mechanisms that may remain masked from the heterogeneity of clinical practice. Our aim was to verify whether the metabolic constellations we previously reported for septic shock patients appear also in our septic shock swine model as systemic markers of early disturbances in energy metabolism and hepatic homeostasis. Septic shock was induced in anesthetized, instrumented, and ventilated adult swines by polymicrobial peritonitis. Hemodynamic and serial measurements of arterial and mixed venous blood gasses were made. Laboratory measurements and mass spectrometry-based targeted quantitative plasma metabolomics were performed in blood samples collected at baseline, at shock and at fully resuscitation after fluids and vasopressors administration. Data elaboration was performed by multilevel and multivariate analysis. Changes in hemodynamic, blood chemistry, and inflammatory markers were in line with a septic shock phenotype. Time course alteration of systemic metabolites were characterized by marked decreased in phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines species, altered alanine-glucose cycle and inter-organ amino acid metabolism, pointing toward an early hepatic impairment similarly to what we previously reported for septic shock. This is the first study in which an experimental swine model of septic shock recapitulates the main metabolic derangements reported in a clinical setting of shock. These events occur within hours from infections and may act as early metabolic features to assist in evaluating subclinical hepatic alterations and pave the way to improve the management of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ferrario
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fuhong Su
- Experimental Laboratory of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Herpain
- Experimental Laboratory of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition Stabilizes Hepatic Ceramide Content and Improves Hepatic Biotransformation Capacity in a Murine Model of Polymicrobial Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103163. [PMID: 30326559 PMCID: PMC6214114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction during sepsis is an independent risk factor leading to increased mortality rates. Specifically, dysregulation of hepatic biotransformation capacity, especially of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system, represents an important distress factor during host response. The activity of the conserved stress enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) has been shown to be elevated in sepsis patients, allowing for risk stratification. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether SMPD1 activity has an impact on expression and activity of different hepatic CYP enzymes using an animal model of polymicrobial sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in SMPD1 wild-type and heterozygous mice and hepatic ceramide content as well as CYP mRNA, protein expression and enzyme activities were assessed at two different time points, at 24 h, representing the acute phase, and at 28 days, representing the post-acute phase of host response. In the acute phase of sepsis, SMPD1+/+ mice showed an increased hepatic C16- as well as C18-ceramide content. In addition, a downregulation of CYP expression and activities was detected. In SMPD1+/- mice, however, no noticeable changes of ceramide content and CYP expression and activities during sepsis could be observed. After 28 days, CYP expression and activities were normalized again in all study groups, whereas mRNA expression remained downregulated in SMPD+/+ animals. In conclusion, partial genetic inhibition of SMPD1 stabilizes hepatic ceramide content and improves hepatic monooxygenase function in the acute phase of polymicrobial sepsis. Since we were also able to show that the functional inhibitor of SMPD1, desipramine, ameliorates downregulation of CYP mRNA expression and activities in the acute phase of sepsis in wild-type mice, SMPD1 might be an interesting pharmacological target, which should be further investigated.
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van Niekerk G, Davis T, de Villiers W, Engelbrecht AM. The role of bile acids in nutritional support. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:231. [PMID: 30268137 PMCID: PMC6164178 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional support continues to receive much attention as a possible intervention to prevent loss of lean tissue mass, promote recovery and re-establish proper immune function in critical care patients. Yet there remains much controversy regarding the clinical efficacy of such interventions. In addition to the direct effect of nutrition in terms of micro- and macronutrient content, nutritional formulations may exert an effect via the physiological response to feeding. Here, we highlight the key role of postprandial reabsorbed bile acids in attenuating both the inflammatory response and autophagy. These observations suggest that not all patients would benefit from aggressive nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav van Niekerk
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Central, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.
| | - Tanja Davis
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Central, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - Willem de Villiers
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Central, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
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A systematic investigation on animal models of cyclosporine A combined with Escherichia coli to simulate the immunosuppressive status of sepsis patients before onset. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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73
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Fuhrmann V, Tariparast P. Interaktionen von Leber und Lunge. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2018; 113:464-469. [DOI: 10.1007/s00063-018-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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74
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Ding Y, Liu P, Chen ZL, Zhang SJ, Wang YQ, Cai X, Luo L, Zhou X, Zhao L. Emodin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Liver Injury via Inhibiting the TLR4 Signaling Pathway in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:962. [PMID: 30186181 PMCID: PMC6113398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Emodin is an anthraquinone with potential anti-inflammatory properties. However, the possible molecular mechanisms and protective effects of emodin are not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms and protective effects of emodin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in the Raw264.7 cell line and in Balb/c mice. Methods: This study established an inflammatory cellular model and induced an ALI animal model. TLR4 was overexpressed by lentivirus and downregulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. The mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and downstream molecules were detected in cells and liver tissue. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in supernatant and serum were determined by ELISA. The distribution and expression of mannose receptor C type 1 (CD206) and arginase 1 (ARG1) in the liver were tested by immunofluorescence. Mouse liver function and histopathological observations were assessed. Results: Administration of emodin reduced the protein and/or mRNA levels of TLR4 and its downstream molecules following LPS challenge in Raw264.7 cells and in an animal model. Additionally, emodin suppressed the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in cell culture supernatant and serum. The inhibitory effect of emodin was also confirmed in RAW264.7 cells, in which TLR4 was overexpressed or knocked down. Additionally, ARG1 and CD206 were elevated in the emodin groups. Emodin also decreased serum ALT and AST levels and alleviated the liver histopathological damage induced by LPS. Conclusion: Emodin showed excellent hepatoprotective effects against LPS-induced ALI, possibly by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Jun Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Qin Wang
- Graduate School of Jinzhou Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hsiao SY, Kung CT, Tsai NW, Su CM, Huang CC, Lai YR, Wang HC, Cheng BC, Su YJ, Lin WC, Chiang YF, Lu CH. Concentration and value of endocan on outcome in adult patients after severe sepsis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 483:275-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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76
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Bauer M, Coldewey SM, Leitner M, Löffler B, Weis S, Wetzker R. Deterioration of Organ Function As a Hallmark in Sepsis: The Cellular Perspective. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1460. [PMID: 29997622 PMCID: PMC6028602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of organ dysfunction discriminates sepsis from uncomplicated infection. The paradigm shift implicated by the new sepsis-3 definition holds that initial impairment of any organ can pave the way for multiple organ dysfunction and death. Moreover, the role of the systemic inflammatory response, central element in previous sepsis definitions, has been questioned. Most strikingly, a so far largely underestimated defense mechanism of the host, i.e., "disease tolerance," which aims at maintaining host vitality without reducing pathogen load, has gained increasing attention. Here, we summarize evidence that a dysregulation of critical cellular signaling events, also in non-immune cells, might provide a conceptual framework for sepsis-induced dysfunction of parenchymal organs in the absence of significant cell death. We suggest that key signaling mediators, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and AMP-activated protein kinase, control the balance of damage and repair processes and thus determine the fate of affected organs and ultimately the host. Therapeutic targeting of these multifunctional signaling mediators requires cell-, tissue-, or organ-specific approaches. These novel strategies might allow stopping the domino-like damage to further organ systems and offer alternatives beyond the currently available strictly supportive therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sina M Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Margit Leitner
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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77
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Schaarschmidt B, Vlaic S, Medyukhina A, Neugebauer S, Nietzsche S, Gonnert FA, Rödel J, Singer M, Kiehntopf M, Figge MT, Jacobsen ID, Bauer M, Press AT. Molecular signatures of liver dysfunction are distinct in fungal and bacterial infections in mice. Theranostics 2018; 8:3766-3780. [PMID: 30083258 PMCID: PMC6071540 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The liver is a central organ not only for metabolism but also immune function. Life-threatening infections of both bacterial and fungal origin can affect liver function but it is yet unknown whether molecular changes differ depending on the pathogen. We aimed to determine whether the hepatic host response to bacterial and fungal infections differs in terms of hepatic metabolism and liver function. Methods: We compared murine models of infection, including bacterial peritoneal contamination and infection (PCI), intraperitoneal and systemic C. albicans infection, at 6 and 24 h post-infection, to sham controls. The molecular hepatic host response was investigated by the detection of regulatory modules based on large-scale protein-protein interaction networks and expression data. Topological analysis of these regulatory modules was used to reveal infection-specific biological processes and molecular mechanisms. Intravital microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to further analyze specific aspects of pathophysiology such as cholestasis. Results: Down-regulation of lipid catabolism and bile acid synthesis was observed after 6 h in all infection groups. Alterations in lipid catabolism were characterized by accumulation of long chain acylcarnitines and defective beta-oxidation, which affected metabolism by 6 h. While PCI led to an accumulation of unconjugated bile acids (BA), C. albicans infection caused accumulation of conjugated BA independent of the route of infection. Hepatic dye clearance and transporter expression revealed reduced hepatic uptake in fungal infections vs. defects in secretion following polybacterial infection. Conclusion: Molecular phenotypes of lipid accumulation and cholestasis allow differentiation between pathogens as well as routes of infection at early stages in mice. Targeted metabolomics could be a useful tool for the profiling of infected/septic patients and the type of pathogen, with subsequent customization and targeting of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schaarschmidt
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AG Nanophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vlaic
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Group Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Hans Knöll Institute), Jena, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Medyukhina
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Hans Knöll Institute), Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Neugebauer
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk A. Gonnert
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AG Nanophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rödel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Hans Knöll Institute), Jena, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D. Jacobsen
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Hans Knöll Institute), Jena, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AG Nanophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian T. Press
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AG Nanophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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78
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Busch D, Kapoor A, Rademann P, Hildebrand F, Bahrami S, Thiemermann C, Osuchowski MF. Delayed activation of PPAR-β/δ improves long-term survival in mouse sepsis: effects on organ inflammation and coagulation. Innate Immun 2018; 24:262-273. [PMID: 29697010 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918771748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-β/δ reduces tissue injury in murine endotoxemia. We hypothesized that the PPAR-β/δ-agonist GW0742 improves long-term outcome after sepsis caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Fifty-one CD-1 female mice underwent CLP and received either vehicle (control), GW0742 (0.03 mg/kg/injection; five post-CLP i.v. injections), GSK0660 (PPAR-β/δ-antagonist) or both and were monitored for 28 d. Another 20 CLP mice treated with GW0742 and vehicle were sacrificed 24 h post-CLP to assess coagulopathy. Compared to vehicle, survival of CLP-mice treated with GW0742 was higher by 35% at d 7 and by 50% at d 28. CLP mice treated with GW0742 had 60% higher IFN-γ but circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and chemokine ligand were lower at 48 h post-CLP. Compared to vehicle, CLP mice treated with GW0742 exhibited a 50% reduction in the circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 associated with an increase in platelet number at 24 h post-CLP (but no changes occurred in anti-thrombin-III, plasminogen, fibrinogen and clotting-times). CLP mice treated with GW0742 exhibited a similar increase in most of the biochemical markers of organ injury/dysfunction (lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and triglycerides) measured. Treatment with GW0742 consistently improved long-term survival in septic CD-1 mice by partially modulating the post-CLP systemic cytokine response and coagulation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Busch
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,2 Department of General-, Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Germany
| | - Amar Kapoor
- 3 Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Pia Rademann
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,4 Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Soheyl Bahrami
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- 3 Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
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79
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Dong L, Li H, Zhang S, Su L. Identification of genes related to consecutive trauma-induced sepsis via gene expression profiling analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0362. [PMID: 29642183 PMCID: PMC5908625 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify crucial genes relevant to the development of consecutive trauma-induced sepsis.A microarray dataset was used to identify genes differentially expressed between peripheral blood samples from consecutive traumatized patients complicated with sepsis and not complicated with sepsis. The dataset GSE12624 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus, containing 34 peripheral blood samples from consecutive traumatized patients complicated by sepsis and 36 consecutive traumatized controls. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Linear Models for Microarray Data package. Then, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for DEGs was performed by Onto-Express. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and pathway enrichment analysis was performed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). Furthermore, protein complexes in the PPI network were predicted by ClusterONE and validated through GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, and protein domain analysis.Totally, 446 upregulated and 447 downregulated DEGs were identified. Some DEGs were related to acyl-CoA binding (eg, ACBD6), chromosome, and centromeric region (eg, CENPN). In the PPI network, some DEGs were enriched in renin-angiotensin system (RAS, eg, AGTR1 and AGTR2). Three predicted protein complexes were validated in the PPI network. Some genes composing protein complex A were associated with cell proliferation (eg, CDC20, CCNB1, MCM4, RPA2, and PRIM2), and several genes composing protein complex F were implicated in regulation of actin cytoskeleton (eg, PFN2, ARPC2, and WASL).The results suggest that those DEGs may be crucial in the etiology of consecutive trauma-induced sepsis, and they are expected to be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shunli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
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80
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Verma SS, Josyula N, Verma A, Zhang X, Veturi Y, Dewey FE, Hartzel DN, Lavage DR, Leader J, Ritchie MD, Pendergrass SA. Rare variants in drug target genes contributing to complex diseases, phenome-wide. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4624. [PMID: 29545597 PMCID: PMC5854600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The DrugBank database consists of ~800 genes that are well characterized drug targets. This list of genes is a useful resource for association testing. For example, loss of function (LOF) genetic variation has the potential to mimic the effect of drugs, and high impact variation in these genes can impact downstream traits. Identifying novel associations between genetic variation in these genes and a range of diseases can also uncover new uses for the drugs that target these genes. Phenome Wide Association Studies (PheWAS) have been successful in identifying genetic associations across hundreds of thousands of diseases. We have conducted a novel gene based PheWAS to test the effect of rare variants in DrugBank genes, evaluating associations between these genes and more than 500 quantitative and dichotomous phenotypes. We used whole exome sequencing data from 38,568 samples in Geisinger MyCode Community Health Initiative. We evaluated the results of this study when binning rare variants using various filters based on potential functional impact. We identified multiple novel associations, and the majority of the significant associations were driven by functionally annotated variation. Overall, this study provides a sweeping exploration of rare variant associations within functionally relevant genes across a wide range of diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Setia Verma
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Navya Josyula
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, 17221, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Dustin N Hartzel
- Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Daniel R Lavage
- Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Joe Leader
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, 17221, USA.,Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah A Pendergrass
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, 17221, USA.
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81
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Zhao Y, Zhu H, Wang H, Ding L, Xu L, Chen D, Shen S, Hou Y, Dou H. FC-99 ameliorates sepsis-induced liver dysfunction by modulating monocyte/macrophage differentiation via Let-7a related monocytes apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14959-14976. [PMID: 29599918 PMCID: PMC5871089 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The liver is a vital target for sepsis-related injury, leading to inflammatory pathogenesis, multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality rates. Monocyte-derived macrophage transformations are key events in hepatic inflammation. N1-[(4-methoxy)methyl]-4-methyl-1,2-benzenediamine (FC-99) previously displayed therapeutic potential on experimental sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism of this protective effect is still not clear. Results FC-99 treatment attenuated the liver dysfunction in septic mice that was accompanied with reduced numbers of pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes in the peripheral blood and CD11b+F4/80lo monocyte-derived macrophages in the liver. These effects were attributed to the FC-99-induced apoptosis of CD11b+ cells. In PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells, FC-99 repressed the expression of CD11b, CD14 and caspase3 and resulted in a high proportion of Annexin V+ cells. Moreover, let-7a-5p expression was abrogated upon CLP stimulation in vivo, whereas it was restored by FC-99 treatment. TargetScan analysis and luciferase assays indicated that the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL was targeted by let-7a-5p. BCL-XL was inhibited by FC-99 in order to induce monocyte apoptosis, leading to the impaired monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Materials and Methods Murine acute liver failure was generated by caecal ligation puncture surgery after FC-99 administration; Blood samples and liver tissues were collected to determine the monocyte/macrophage subsets and the induction of apoptosis. Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) cells were pretreated with FC-99 followed by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) stimulation, in order to induce monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. The target of FC-99 and the mechanistic analyses were conducted by microarrays, qRT-PCR validation, TargetScan algorithms and a luciferase report assay. Conclusions FC-99 exhibits potential therapeutic effects on CLP-induced liver dysfunction by restoring let-7a-5p levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Liang Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dai Chen
- Novel Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sunan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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82
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Tannert A, Ramoji A, Neugebauer U, Popp J. Photonic monitoring of treatment during infection and sepsis: development of new detection strategies and potential clinical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:773-790. [PMID: 29214536 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the strong decline in the infection-associated mortality since the development of the first antibiotics, infectious diseases are still a major cause of death in the world. With the rising number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, the incidence of deaths caused by infections may increase strongly in the future. Survival rates in sepsis, which occurs when body response to infections becomes uncontrolled, are still very poor if an adequate therapy is not initiated immediately. Therefore, approaches to monitor the treatment efficacy are crucially needed to adapt therapeutic strategies according to the patient's response. An increasing number of photonic technologies are being considered for diagnostic purpose and monitoring of therapeutic response; however many of these strategies have not been introduced into clinical routine, yet. Here, we review photonic strategies to monitor response to treatment in patients with infectious disease, sepsis, and septic shock. We also include some selected approaches for the development of new drugs in animal models as well as new monitoring strategies which might be applicable to evaluate treatment response in humans in the future. Figure Label-free probing of blood properties using photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Tannert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Jena Biophotonics and Imaging Laboratory, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Biophotonics and Imaging Laboratory, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Jena Biophotonics and Imaging Laboratory, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, Germany
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83
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Xiong X, Ren Y, Cui Y, Li R, Wang C, Zhang Y. Obeticholic acid protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1292-1298. [PMID: 29174575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis, as a main manifestation, induces liver injury during sepsis. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays an important role in regulating bile acid homeostasis. Whether FXR activation by its agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) is contributed to improve sepsis-induced liver injury remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of OCA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury in mice. RESULTS 8-week old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, LPS group, oral OCA group and LPS plus oral OCA (LPS + OCA) group. The serum and livers were collected for further analysis. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acid (TBA) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured at indicated time after LPS administration. Liver sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E). Orally OCA pretreatment stimulated the expression of FXR and BSEP in livers and protected mice from LPS-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammatory infiltration. Consistently, LPS-induced higher serum levels of ALT, AST, TBA and TBIL were significantly reversed by OCA administration. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 were decreased in livers of mice in LPS + OCA group compared with LPS group. Further investigation indicated that the higher expression of ATF4 and LC3II/I were associated with the protective effect of OCA on LPS-induced liver injury. CONCLUSION Orally OCA pretreatment protects mice from LPS-induced liver injury possibly contributed by improved bile acid homeostasis, decreased inflammatory factors and ATF4-mediated autophagy activity in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yuqian Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yucai Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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84
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Press AT, Butans MJ, Haider TP, Weber C, Neugebauer S, Kiehntopf M, Schubert US, Clemens MG, Bauer M, Kortgen A. Fast simultaneous assessment of renal and liver function using polymethine dyes in animal models of chronic and acute organ injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15397. [PMID: 29133918 PMCID: PMC5684357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous assessment of excretory liver and kidney function is still an unmet need in experimental stress models as well as in critical care. The aim of the study was to characterize two polymethine-dyes potentially suitable for this purpose in vivo. Plasma disappearance rate and elimination measurements of simultaneously injected fluorescent dyes DY-780 (hepato-biliary elimination) and DY-654(renal elimination) were conducted using catheter techniques and intravital microscopy in animals subjected to different organ injuries, i.e. polymicrobial sepsis by peritoneal contamination and infection, ischemia-reperfusion-injury and glycerol-induced acute kidney-injury. DY-780 and DY-654 showed organ specific and determined elimination routes in both healthy and diseased animals. They can be measured simultaneously using near-infrared imaging and spectrophotometry. Plasma-disappearance rates of DY-780 and DY-654 are superior to conventional biomarkers in indicating hepatic or kidney dysfunction in different animal models. Greatest impact on liver function was found in animals with polymicrobial sepsis whereas glomerular damage due to glycerol-induced kidney-injury had strongest impact on DY-654 elimination. We therefore conclude that hepatic elimination and renal filtration can be assessed in rodents measuring plasma-disappearance rates of both dyes. Further, assessment of organ dysfunction by polymethine dyes correlates with, but outperforms conventional biomarkers regarding sensitivity and the option of spatial resolution if biophotonic strategies are applied. Polymethine-dye clearance thereby allows sensitive point-of-care assessment of both organ functions simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Press
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis and Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - M J Butans
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis and Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - T P Haider
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - C Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - S Neugebauer
- Center for Sepsis and Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Department for Clinical chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - M Kiehntopf
- Center for Sepsis and Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Department for Clinical chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - U S Schubert
- Center for Sepsis and Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - M G Clemens
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - M Bauer
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis and Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - A Kortgen
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis and Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Chung HY, Witt CJ, Jbeily N, Hurtado-Oliveros J, Giszas B, Lupp A, Gräler MH, Bruns T, Stallmach A, Gonnert FA, Claus RA. Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition Prevents Development of Sepsis Sequelae in the Murine Liver. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12348. [PMID: 28955042 PMCID: PMC5617833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of maladaptive response in liver tissue with respect to the acute and post-acute phase of sepsis are not yet fully understood. Long-term sepsis survivors might develop hepatocellular/hepatobiliary injury and fibrosis. Here, we demonstrate that acid sphingomyelinase, an important regulator of hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, is linked to the promotion of liver dysfunction in the acute phase of sepsis as well as to fibrogenesis in the long-term. In both phases, we observed a beneficial effect of partial genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency in heterozygous animals (smpd1+/−) on oxidative stress levels, hepatobiliary function, macrophage infiltration and on HSC activation. Strikingly, similar to heterozygote expression of SMPD1, either preventative (p-smpd1+/+) or therapeutic (t-smpd1+/+) pharmacological treatment strategies with desipramine – a functional inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA) – significantly improved liver function and survival. The inhibition of sphingomyelinase exhibited a protective effect on liver function in the acute-phase, and the reduction of HSC activation diminished development of sepsis-associated liver fibrosis in the post-acute phase of sepsis. In summary, targeting sphingomyelinase with FDA-approved drugs is a novel promising strategy to overcome sepsis-induced liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - C Julius Witt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Nayla Jbeily
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Giszas
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Falk A Gonnert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.
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86
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Metabolomic findings in sepsis as a damage of host-microbial metabolism integration. J Crit Care 2017; 43:246-255. [PMID: 28942199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics globally evaluates the totality of the endogenous metabolites in patient's body, at the same time reflecting gene function, enzyme activity and degree of organ dysfunction in sepsis. The authors performed the analysis of the main chemical classes of low molecular weight compounds (amino acids, polyols, fatty acids, hydroxy acids, amines, nucleotides and their derivatives) that quantitatively distinguish patients with sepsis from healthy ones. The following keywords were used to find papers published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2008 to 2015: (marker OR biomarker) AND (sepsis OR critical ill OR pneumonia OR hypoxia). Key words for the search were the following: metabolomics, metabolic profiling, sepsis, metabolism, biomarkers, critically ill patients, multiple organ failure. Several metabolomic findings in sepsis are still waiting for an explanation. When assessing metabolomic analysis results in patients with sepsis we should take into account the intervention of microbial metabolism. Among the low molecular weight compounds detected in septic patient blood, a special attention should be paid to the molecules which could be attributed to "common metabolites" of man and bacteria. The genomic region overlap and the production of enzymes which are similar in function and final products could be a possible reason for this phenomenon. For example, microbial biodegradation products of aromatic compounds are increased many times in blood of patients with sepsis. On the one hand, it shows a high metabolic activity of the bacteria. On the other hand, these molecules are intermediates in the metabolism of aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine and phenylalanine in human body. It is important that there are many clinical studies, which confirmed the diagnostic and prognostic significance of series of aromatic metabolites, including those with intrinsic biological activity. We can't exclude the presence of signaling pathways, cell receptors, transmembrane transporters and others which are common for a human and bacteria and their direct participation in mechanisms of organ dysfunction and hypotension in sepsis. Thus, today, we should not limit ourselves studying eukaryotic cells while searching for new molecular mechanisms of sepsis-associated organ failure and septic shock. We should take into account and simulate in the experiments the changes of a human internal environment, which occur during the radical microbiome "restructuring" in critically ill patients. This approach opens up new prospects for an objective monitoring of diseases, carrying out an assessment of the integral metabolic profile in a given time on common metabolites (particularly aromatic), and in future will provide new targets for therapeutic effects.
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87
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Diab M, Sponholz C, von Loeffelholz C, Scheffel P, Bauer M, Kortgen A, Lehmann T, Färber G, Pletz MW, Doenst T. Impact of perioperative liver dysfunction on in-hospital mortality and long-term survival in infective endocarditis patients. Infection 2017; 45:857-866. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-1064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cholestatic Alterations in the Critically Ill: Some New Light on an Old Problem. Chest 2017; 153:733-743. [PMID: 28847548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction and jaundice are traditionally viewed as late features of sepsis and other critical illnesses and are associated with a complicated ICU stay. However, study results suggest that cholestatic alterations occur early in the course of critical illnesses, perceived only as minor abnormalities in routinely used biochemical liver tests. Inflammation-induced alterations in the transport of bile acids (BAs) appear to drive BAs and bilirubin toward the systemic circulation. Ongoing BA synthesis with an, at least partial, loss of feedback inhibition further contributes to elevated circulating BAs and bilirubin. To what extent these changes reflect a biochemical epiphenomenon, true illness-induced liver dysfunction, or a beneficial and adaptive response to illness should be investigated further. Because of the lack of specificity of standard laboratory tests, especially in the context of a complex systemic condition such as critical illness, identifying true cholestatic liver dysfunction remains a great challenge. However, high levels of cholestatic markers that are sustained in patients with prolonged critical illness almost always indicate a complicated illness course and should be monitored closely. Preventing cholestatic liver dysfunction comprises minimizing inflammation and hypoxia in the liver and preventing hyperglycemia, avoiding early use of parenteral nutrition, and reducing the administration of avoidable drugs. Future research on the effects of BAs and on modulating underlying drivers of cholestasis induced by critical illness is warranted as this could open perspectives for a targeted diagnostic approach and ultimately for novel therapies to improve outcome.
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89
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Seidel RA, Claudel T, Schleser FA, Ojha NK, Westerhausen M, Nietzsche S, Sponholz C, Cuperus F, Coldewey SM, Heinemann SH, Pohnert G, Trauner M, Bauer M. Impact of higher-order heme degradation products on hepatic function and hemodynamics. J Hepatol 2017; 67:272-281. [PMID: 28412296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Biliverdin and bilirubin were previously considered end products of heme catabolism; now, however, there is evidence for further degradation to diverse bioactive products. Z-BOX A and Z-BOX B arise upon oxidation with unknown implications for hepatocellular function and integrity. We studied the impact of Z-BOX A and B on hepatic functions and explored their alterations in health and cholestatic conditions. METHODS Functional implications and mechanisms were investigated in rats, hepatocytic HepG2 and HepaRG cells, human immortalized hepatocytes, and isolated perfused livers. Z-BOX A and B were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure and hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS Z-BOX A and B are found in similar amounts in humans and rodents under physiological conditions. Serum concentrations increased ∼20-fold during cholestatic liver failure in humans (p<0.001) and in hereditary deficiency of bilirubin glucuronidation in rats (p<0.001). Pharmacokinetic studies revealed shorter serum half-life of Z-BOX A compared to its regio-isomer Z-BOX B (p=0.035). While both compounds were taken up by hepatocytes, Z-BOX A was enriched ∼100-fold and excreted in bile. Despite their reported vasoconstrictive properties in the brain vasculature, BOXes did not affect portal hemodynamics. Both Z-BOX A and B showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity, affected the glutathione redox state, and differentially modulated activity of Rev-erbα and Rev-erbβ. Moreover, BOXes-triggered remodeling of the hepatocellular cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that higher-order heme degradation products, namely Z-BOX A and B, impair hepatocellular integrity and might mediate intra- and extrahepatic cytotoxic effects previously attributed to hyperbilirubinemia. LAY SUMMARY Degradation of the blood pigment heme yields the bile pigment bilirubin and the oxidation products Z-BOX A and Z-BOX B. Serum concentrations of these bioactive molecules increase in jaundice and can impair liver function and integrity. Amounts of Z-BOX A and Z-BOX B that are observed during liver failure in humans have profound effects on hepatic function when added to cultured liver cells or infused into healthy rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A Seidel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine/Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Germany; Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Thierry Claudel
- HansPopper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska A Schleser
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine/Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Navin K Ojha
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena & Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry I, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Sponholz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine/Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Frans Cuperus
- HansPopper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sina M Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine/Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Stefan H Heinemann
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena & Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Trauner
- HansPopper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine/Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Germany.
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90
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Chen E, Lu J, Chen D, Zhu D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou N, Wang J, Li J, Li L. Dynamic changes of plasma metabolites in pigs with GalN-induced acute liver failure using GC-MS and UPLC-MS. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:480-489. [PMID: 28668767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics facilitates investigation of the mechanisms of disease and screening for biomarkers. Here, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was employed to identify plasma biomarkers of acute liver failure (ALF) in pigs. Blood was collected from pigs at 12h intervals during ALF. Hepatic injury was quantified by determining liver function and histopathology. Based on a multivariate data matrix and pattern recognition, two upregulated metabolites, namely, amino acids and conjugated bile acids, and two downregulated metabolites, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs), were identified. All of these metabolites showed a strong relationship with the extent of liver injury. Amino acids were biomarkers of the severity of liver impairment, conjugated bile acids were predictive of early stage liver damage, and LPCs and PCs were related to the prognosis of liver injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the occurrence of marked metabolic disturbances during ALF and that integrated metabolomics analysis facilitates identification of biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Deying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yini Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Abstract
To effectively improve outcomes of septic patients, we first need to elucidate the multifaceted pathogenesis of sepsis syndromes and related inflammatory conditions. In fulfillment of such needs, in February 2016, new definitions for sepsis and septic shock were published under the acronym Sepsis-3. Although aimed at the clinical area, Sepsis-3 will have an inevitable influence upon the field of translational research as well. Sepsis-3 brings a considerable shift regarding the experimental focal point: from inflammatory states (SIRS/CARS) to organ failure (single and multiple) as the decisive factor. This shift exposes several shortcomings of the current in vivo sepsis modeling including lack of uniform scoring system for sepsis severity and organ dysfunction/failure; high variability of organ dysfunction phenotypes among animal species/strains; difficulty in reproducing severe, intensive care unit grade of organ dysfunction due to high resistance of experimental animals and others. It is intuitive that clinical Sepsis-3 should also serve as an incentive for developing a global standardized approach in sepsis modeling to maximize its translational potential. This could be achieved, for example, by generating consensus guidelines that would support scientists in their study design and optimal sepsis modeling decision-making. An implementation of such hypothetical "Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies" guidelines across different species has a strong potential for making sepsis studies more reliable and transpolatable. We strongly believe that an internationally coordinated standardization effort in sepsis modeling will certainly serve the above purposes well.
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92
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Horvatits T, Drolz A, Rutter K, Roedl K, Langouche L, Van den Berghe G, Fauler G, Meyer B, Hülsmann M, Heinz G, Trauner M, Fuhrmann V. Circulating bile acids predict outcome in critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care 2017; 7:48. [PMID: 28466463 PMCID: PMC5413465 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-017-0272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Jaundice and cholestatic hepatic dysfunction are frequent findings in critically ill patients associated with increased mortality. Cholestasis in critically ill patients is closely associated with stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in impaired bile secretion and subsequent accumulation of bile acids. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical role of circulating bile acids in critically ill patients. Methods Total and individual serum bile acids were assessed via high-performance liquid chromatography in 320 critically ill patients and 19 controls. Results Total serum bile acids were threefold higher in septic than cardiogenic shock patients and sixfold higher than in post-surgical patients or controls (p < 0.001). Elevated bile acid levels correlated with severity of illness, renal dysfunction and inflammation (p < 0.05). Total bile acids predicted 28-day mortality independently of sex, age, serum bilirubin and severity of illness (HR 1.041, 95% CI 1.013–1.071, p < 0.005). Best prediction of mortality of total bile acids was seen in patients suffering from septic shock. Conclusions Individual and total BAs are elevated by various degrees in different shock conditions. BAs represent an early predictor of short-term survival in a mixed cohort of ICU patients and may serve as marker for early risk stratification in critically ill patients. Future studies should elucidate whether modulation of BA metabolism and signalling influences the clinical course and outcome in critically ill patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13613-017-0272-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horvatits
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Drolz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karoline Rutter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Roedl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lies Langouche
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Meyer
- 5th Medical Department, Kaiser Franz Josef Spital - SMZ Süd, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department Internal Medicine 2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Heinz
- Division of Cardiology, Department Internal Medicine 2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Fuhrmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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93
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Adjustment of Dysregulated Ceramide Metabolism in a Murine Model of Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040839. [PMID: 28420138 PMCID: PMC5412423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction, in particular of the left ventricle, is a common and early event in sepsis, and is strongly associated with an increase in patients’ mortality. Acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1)—the principal regulator for rapid and transient generation of the lipid mediator ceramide—is involved in both the regulation of host response in sepsis as well as in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. This study determined the degree and the potential role to which SMPD1 and its modulation affect sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy using both genetically deficient and pharmacologically-treated animals in a polymicrobial sepsis model. As surrogate parameters of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, cardiac function, markers of oxidative stress as well as troponin I levels were found to be improved in desipramine-treated animals, desipramine being an inhibitor of ceramide formation. Additionally, ceramide formation in cardiac tissue was dysregulated in SMPD1+/+ as well as SMPD1−/− animals, whereas desipramine pretreatment resulted in stable, but increased ceramide content during host response. This was a result of elevated de novo synthesis. Strikingly, desipramine treatment led to significantly improved levels of surrogate markers. Furthermore, similar results in desipramine-pretreated SMPD1−/− littermates suggest an SMPD1-independent pathway. Finally, a pattern of differentially expressed transcripts important for regulation of apoptosis as well as antioxidative and cytokine response supports the concept that desipramine modulates ceramide formation, resulting in beneficial myocardial effects. We describe a novel, protective role of desipramine during sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction that controls ceramide content. In addition, it may be possible to modulate cardiac function during host response by pre-conditioning with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug desipramine.
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94
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Hao H, Cao L, Jiang C, Che Y, Zhang S, Takahashi S, Wang G, Gonzalez FJ. Farnesoid X Receptor Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Underlies Cholestasis-Associated Sepsis. Cell Metab 2017; 25:856-867.e5. [PMID: 28380377 PMCID: PMC6624427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a common complication of sepsis, and the increased plasma levels of bile acids are predictive of sepsis-associated mortality. However, the exact mechanism by which cholestasis aggravates sepsis development remains elusive. Here, we show that bile acids are danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can activate both signal 1 and 2 of the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, bile acids induce a prolonged calcium influx and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome synergistically with ATP. Experimental cholestasis sensitizes, while cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant, protects mice from LPS-induced sepsis. FXR negatively regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome via physical interaction with NLRP3 and caspase 1. Fxr-null mice are more sensitive, while FXR-overexpressing mice are more resistant, to endoxemia shock. These findings suggest that bile acids and FXR play pivotal roles in sepsis via controlling the NLRP3 inflammasome, and that targeting FXR may represent a therapeutic strategy for cholestasis-associated sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Songyang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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95
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Horvatits T, Drolz A, Roedl K, Rutter K, Ferlitsch A, Fauler G, Trauner M, Fuhrmann V. Serum bile acids as marker for acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with non-cholestatic cirrhosis. Liver Int 2017; 37:224-231. [PMID: 27416294 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Retention of bile acids (BAs) plays a central role in hepatic damage and disturbed BA signalling in liver disease. However, there is lack of data regarding the association of BAs with clinical complications, acute decompensation (AD) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of circulating serum BAs for complications in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS One hundred and forty-three patients with cirrhosis were included in this prospective cohort-type observational study. Total serum BAs and individual BA composition were assessed in all patients on admission via high-performance liquid chromatography. Clinical complications with respect to AD, ACLF and 1-year transplant-free survival were recorded. RESULTS Total BAs and individual serum BAs were significantly higher in patients with bacterial infection, AD and ACLF (P<.001) and correlated significantly with model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) and hepatic venous pressure gradient (P<.001). Total BAs predicted new onset of AD or ACLF during follow-up (OR 1.025, 95% CI: 1.012-1.038, P<.001). Best cut-off predicting new onset of AD/ACLF and survival during course of time was total BAs ≥36.9 μmol/L. CONCLUSIONS Serum total and individual BAs are associated with AD and ACLF in patients with cirrhosis. Assessment of total BAs could serve as additional marker for risk stratification in cirrhotic patients with respect to new onset of AD and ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horvatits
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Drolz
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Roedl
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karoline Rutter
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnulf Ferlitsch
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Fuhrmann
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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96
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Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The liver has a central role during sepsis, and is essential to the regulation of immune defence during systemic infections by mechanisms such as bacterial clearance, acute-phase protein or cytokine production and metabolic adaptation to inflammation. However, the liver is also a target for sepsis-related injury, including hypoxic hepatitis due to ischaemia and shock, cholestasis due to altered bile metabolism, hepatocellular injury due to drug toxicity or overwhelming inflammation, as well as distinct pathologies such as secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients. Hence, hepatic dysfunction substantially impairs the prognosis of sepsis and serves as a powerful independent predictor of mortality in the intensive care unit. Sepsis is particularly problematic in patients with liver cirrhosis (who experience increased bacterial translocation from the gut and impaired microbial defence) as it can trigger acute-on-chronic liver failure - a syndrome with high short-term mortality. Here, we review the importance of the liver as a guardian, modifier and target of sepsis, the factors that contribute to sepsis in patients with liver cirrhosis and new therapeutic strategies.
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97
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Pham HT, Arnhard K, Asad YJ, Deng L, Felder TK, St. John-Williams L, Kaever V, Leadley M, Mitro N, Muccio S, Prehn C, Rauh M, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Thompson JW, Uhl O, Ulaszewska M, Vogeser M, Wishart DS, Koal T. Inter-Laboratory Robustness of Next-Generation Bile Acid Study in Mice and Humans: International Ring Trial Involving 12 Laboratories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:129-142. [DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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98
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Gröger M, Rennert K, Giszas B, Weiß E, Dinger J, Funke H, Kiehntopf M, Peters FT, Lupp A, Bauer M, Claus RA, Huber O, Mosig AS. Monocyte-induced recovery of inflammation-associated hepatocellular dysfunction in a biochip-based human liver model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21868. [PMID: 26902749 PMCID: PMC4763209 DOI: 10.1038/srep21868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction is an early event in sepsis-related multi-organ failure. We here report the establishment and characterization of a microfluidically supported in vitro organoid model of the human liver sinusoid. The liver organoid is composed of vascular and hepatocyte cell layers integrating non-parenchymal cells closely reflecting tissue architecture and enables physiological cross-communication in a bio-inspired fashion. Inflammation-associated liver dysfunction was mimicked by stimulation with various agonists of toll-like receptors. TLR-stimulation induced the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and diminished expression of endothelial VE-cadherin, hepatic MRP-2 transporter and apolipoprotein B (ApoB), resulting in an inflammation-related endothelial barrier disruption and hepatocellular dysfunction in the liver organoid. However, interaction of the liver organoid with human monocytes attenuated inflammation-related cell responses and restored MRP-2 transporter activity, ApoB expression and albumin/urea production. The cellular events observed in the liver organoid closely resembled pathophysiological responses in the well-established sepsis model of peritoneal contamination and infection (PCI) in mice and clinical observations in human sepsis. We therefore conclude that this human liver organoid model is a valuable tool to investigate sepsis-related liver dysfunction and subsequent immune cell-related tissue repair/remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gröger
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Knut Rennert
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Giszas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747 Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Weiß
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Dinger
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Harald Funke
- Molecular Hemostaseology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank T Peters
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747 Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747 Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Otmar Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
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99
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Cho HI, Kim SJ, Choi JW, Lee SM. Genipin alleviates sepsis-induced liver injury by restoring autophagy. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:980-91. [PMID: 26660048 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Autophagy is an essential cytoprotective system that is rapidly activated in response to various stimuli including inflammation and microbial infection. Genipin, an aglycon of geniposide found in gardenia fruit, is well known to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidative properties. This study examined the protective mechanisms of genipin against sepsis, with particular focus on the autophagic signalling pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were subjected to sepsis by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Genipin (1, 2.5 and 5 mg·kg(-1) ) or vehicle (saline) was injected i.v. immediately (0 h) after CLP, and chloroquine (60 mg·kg(-1) ), an autophagy inhibitor, was injected i.p. 1 h before CLP. Blood and liver tissues were isolated 6 h after CLP. KEY RESULTS Genipin improved survival rate and decreased serum levels of aminotransferases and pro-inflammatory cytokines after CLP; effects abolished by chloroquine. The liver expression of autophagy-related protein (Atg)12-Atg5 conjugate increased after CLP, and this increase was enhanced by genipin. CLP decreased Atg3 protein liver expression, and genipin attenuated this decrease. CLP impaired autophagic flux, as indicated by increased liver expression of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3-II and sequestosome-1/p62 protein; this impaired autophagic flux was restored by genipin, and chloroquine abolished this effect. Genipin also attenuated the decreased expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 and Rab7 protein and increased expression of calpain 1 protein induced by CLP in the liver. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that genipin protects against septic injury by restoring impaired autophagic flux. Therefore, genipin might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ik Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - So-Jin Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Joo-Wan Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
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100
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Sponholz C, Matthes K, Rupp D, Backaus W, Klammt S, Karailieva D, Bauschke A, Settmacher U, Kohl M, Clemens MG, Mitzner S, Bauer M, Kortgen A. Molecular adsorbent recirculating system and single-pass albumin dialysis in liver failure--a prospective, randomised crossover study. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2016; 20:2. [PMID: 26728364 PMCID: PMC4699252 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-1159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of extracorporeal albumin dialysis (ECAD) is to reduce endogenous toxins accumulating in liver failure. To date, ECAD is conducted mainly with the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS). However, single-pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) has been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study was to compare the two devices with a prospective, single-centre, non-inferiority crossover study design with particular focus on reduction of bilirubin levels (primary endpoint) and influence on paraclinical and clinical parameters (secondary endpoints) associated with liver failure. Methods Patients presenting with liver failure were screened for eligibility and after inclusion were randomly assigned to be started on either conventional MARS or SPAD (with 4 % albumin and a dialysis flow rate of 700 ml/h). Statistical analyses were based on a linear mixed-effects model. Results Sixty-nine crossover cycles of ECAD in 32 patients were completed. Both systems significantly reduced plasma bilirubin levels to a similar extent (MARS: median −68 μmol/L, interquartile range [IQR] −107.5 to −33.5, p = 0.001; SPAD: −59 μmol/L, −84.5 to +36.5, p = 0.001). However, bile acids (MARS: −39 μmol/L, −105.6 to −8.3, p < 0.001; SPAD: −9 μmol/L, −36.9 to +11.4, p = 0.131), creatinine (MARS: −24 μmol/L, −46.5 to −8.0, p < 0.001; SPAD: −2 μmol/L, −9.0 to +7.0/L, p = 0.314) and urea (MARS: −0.9 mmol/L, −1.93 to −0.10, p = 0.024; SPAD: −0.1 mmol/L, −1.0 to +0.68, p = 0.523) were reduced and albumin-binding capacity was increased (MARS: +10 %, −0.8 to +20.9 %, p < 0.001; SPAD: +7 %, −7.5 to +15.5 %, p = 0.137) only by MARS. Cytokine levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and hepatic encephalopathy were altered by neither MARS nor SPAD. Conclusions Both procedures were safe for temporary extracorporeal liver support. While in clinical practice routinely assessed plasma bilirubin levels were reduced by both systems, only MARS affected other paraclinical parameters (i.e., serum bile acids, albumin-binding capacity, and creatinine and urea levels). Caution should be taken with regard to metabolic derangements and electrolyte disturbances, particularly in SPAD using regional citrate anti-coagulation. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (www.drks.de) DRKS00000371. Registered 8 April 2010. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-015-1159-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sponholz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Katja Matthes
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Dina Rupp
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Wolf Backaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Diana Karailieva
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Integrated Treatment and Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Astrid Bauschke
- Division of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Utz Settmacher
- Division of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
| | - Mark G Clemens
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Integrated Treatment and Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,The Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Steffen Mitzner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Extracorporeal Immunomodulation Project Group, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Integrated Treatment and Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas Kortgen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Integrated Treatment and Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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