51
|
Multiple processes acting from local to large geographical scales shape bacterial communities associated with Phormidium (cyanobacteria) biofilms in French and New Zealand rivers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14416. [PMID: 30258224 PMCID: PMC6158260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
River biofilms dominated by Phormidium (cyanobacteria) are receiving increased attention worldwide because of a recent expansion in their distribution and their ability to produce neurotoxins leading to animal mortalities. Limited data are available on the composition and structure of bacterial communities (BCs) associated with Phormidium biofilms despite the important role they potentially play in biofilm functioning. By using a high-throughput sequencing approach, we compared the BCs associated with Phormidium biofilms in several sampling sites of the Tarn River (France) and in eight New Zealand rivers. The structure of the BCs from both countries displayed spatial and temporal variations but were well conserved at the order level and 28% of the OTUs containing 90% of the reads were shared by these BCs. This suggests that micro-environmental conditions occurring within thick Phormidium biofilms strongly shape the associated BCs. A strong and significant distance-decay relationship (rp = 0.7; P = 0.001) was found in BCs from New Zealand rivers but the Bray-Curtis dissimilarities between French and New Zealand BCs are in the same order of magnitude of those found between New Zealand BCs. All these findings suggest that local environmental conditions seem to have more impact on BCs than dispersal capacities of bacteria.
Collapse
|
52
|
Lu L, Xu L, Yang J, Li Z, Guo J, Xiao Y, Yao J. Contribution of heterotrophic bacterioplankton to cyanobacterial bloom formation in a tributary backwater area of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27402-27412. [PMID: 30039485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities by flow cytometer in a tributary backwater area of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Samplings were conducted in two cyanobacterial bloom periods (May and August) and no algal-blooms period (November) of 2014, representing three different operational stages of the reservoir, i.e., reservoir discharge period, fluctuating period in the summer flood season, and high water level in the impoundment period. Phyto- and bacterioplankton exhibit a wide range of variability along the depth profiles of the water column. In the investigated two cyanobacterial bloom periods, prokaryotes accounted for over 50% of the total phytoplankton. As for bacterioplankton, low nucleic acid bacteria were dominant in August and November. A positive correlation was observed between phytoplankton (pico- and nanophytoplankton), Chl a, and bacterioplankton. High nucleic acid groups and prokaryotes were highly coupled in May and August, which indicated that this high nucleic acid group could probably contribute to the explanation of cyanobacterial bloom formation in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lunhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jixiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Juanjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Cornet L, Bertrand AR, Hanikenne M, Javaux EJ, Wilmotte A, Baurain D. Metagenomic assembly of new (sub)polar Cyanobacteria and their associated microbiome from non-axenic cultures. Microb Genom 2018; 4. [PMID: 30136922 PMCID: PMC6202449 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria form one of the most diversified phyla of Bacteria. They are important ecologically as primary producers, for Earth evolution and biotechnological applications. Yet, Cyanobacteria are notably difficult to purify and grow axenically, and most strains in culture collections contain heterotrophic bacteria that were probably associated with Cyanobacteria in the environment. Obtaining cyanobacterial DNA without contaminant sequences is thus a challenging and time-consuming task. Here, we describe a metagenomic pipeline that enables the easy recovery of genomes from non-axenic cultures. We tested this pipeline on 17 cyanobacterial cultures from the BCCM/ULC public collection and generated novel genome sequences for 12 polar or subpolar strains and three temperate ones, including three early-branching organisms that will be useful for phylogenomics. In parallel, we assembled 31 co-cultivated bacteria (12 nearly complete) from the same cultures and showed that they mostly belong to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, some of them being very closely related in spite of geographically distant sampling sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Cornet
- 1InBioS - PhytoSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,2UR Geology - Palaeobiogeology-Palaeobotany-Palaeopalynology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Amandine R Bertrand
- 1InBioS - PhytoSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,3InBioS - PhytoSYSTEMS, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- 3InBioS - PhytoSYSTEMS, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle J Javaux
- 2UR Geology - Palaeobiogeology-Palaeobotany-Palaeopalynology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- 4InBioS - CIP, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Denis Baurain
- 1InBioS - PhytoSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Berner C, Bertos-Fortis M, Pinhassi J, Legrand C. Response of Microbial Communities to Changing Climate Conditions During Summer Cyanobacterial Blooms in the Baltic Sea. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1562. [PMID: 30090087 PMCID: PMC6068395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequencies and biomass of Baltic Sea cyanobacterial blooms are expected to be higher in future climate conditions, but also of longer duration as a result of increased sea surface temperature. Concurrently, climate predictions indicate a reduced salinity in the Baltic Sea. These climate-driven changes are expected to alter not solely the phytoplankton community but also the role of microbial communities for nutrient remineralization. Here, we present the response of summer plankton communities (filamentous cyanobacteria, picocyanobacteria, and heterotrophic bacteria) to the interplay of increasing temperature (from 16 to 18°C and 20°C) and reduced salinity (from salinity 6.9 to 5.9) in the Baltic Proper (NW Gotland Sea) using a microcosm approach. Warmer temperatures led to an earlier peak of cyanobacterial biomass, while yields were reduced. These conditions caused a decrease of nitrogen-fixers (Dolichospermum sp.) biomass, while non nitrogen-fixers (Pseudanabaena sp.) increased. Salinity reduction did not affect cyanobacterial growth nor community composition. Among heterotrophic bacteria, Actinobacteria showed preference for high temperature, while Gammaproteobacteria thrived at in situ temperature. Heterotrophic bacteria community changed drastically at lower salinity and resembled communities at high temperature. Picocyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacterial biomass had a pronounced increase associated with the decay of filamentous cyanobacteria. This suggests that shifts in community composition of heterotrophic bacteria are influenced both directly by abiotic factors (temperature and salinity) and potentially indirectly by cyanobacteria. Our findings suggest that at warmer temperature, lower yield of photosynthetic cyanobacteria combined with lower proportion of nitrogen-fixers in the community could result in lower carbon export to the marine food web with consequences for the decomposer community of heterotrophic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Berner
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mireia Bertos-Fortis
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jarone Pinhassi
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Akins LN, Ayayee P, Leff LG. Composition and diversity of cyanobacteria-associated and free-living bacterial communities during cyanobacterial blooms. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
56
|
|
57
|
Woodhouse JN, Ziegler J, Grossart HP, Neilan BA. Cyanobacterial Community Composition and Bacteria-Bacteria Interactions Promote the Stable Occurrence of Particle-Associated Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:777. [PMID: 29755429 PMCID: PMC5932394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Within meso/eutrophic freshwater ecosystems the dominance of cyanobacterial blooms during summer months has substantial impacts on ecosystem function with the production of toxins and subsequent induction of hypoxia altering food web structures and biogeochemical cycles. Cyanobacterial aggregates are extensively colonized by heterotrophic bacteria that provide the cyanobacteria with key nutrients and contribute towards remineralisation of organic matter. Here we sampled from five sites within a shallow eutrophic pond over a 6 months period, relating changes in the abundance of particle-associated heterotrophic taxa to phytoplankton abundance, toxin gene copies and physiochemical properties. The abundance of a majority of particle-associated bacteria were stable, in that they persisted despite perturbation. Cyanobacterial species abundance more likely correlated with stable rather than unstable bacteria and unstable bacteria were associated with allochthonous (terrestrial) organic matter. The occurrence of the most stable bacteria was correlated with large numbers of other bacteria suggesting bacteria-bacteria interactions have implications for the stable occurrence of microorganisms on particles. Freshwater ecosystems are frequently inundated with fresh nutrients in the form of surface runoff and experience an increasing number of high temperature days. In addition to increasing the severity and longevity of cyanobacterial blooms, run-off changes the nature of the particle-associated community compromising stability. This disruption has the potential to drive changes in the carbon and nitrogen cycles and requires further attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason N. Woodhouse
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Ziegler
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett A. Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Tromas N, Taranu ZE, Martin BD, Willis A, Fortin N, Greer CW, Shapiro BJ. Niche Separation Increases With Genetic Distance Among Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:438. [PMID: 29636727 PMCID: PMC5880894 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities are composed of distinct groups of potentially interacting lineages, each thought to occupy a distinct ecological niche. It remains unclear, however, how quickly niche preference evolves and whether more closely related lineages are more likely to share ecological niches. We addressed these questions by following the dynamics of two bloom-forming cyanobacterial genera over an 8-year time-course in Lake Champlain, Canada, using 16S amplicon sequencing and measurements of several environmental parameters. The two genera, Microcystis (M) and Dolichospermum (D), are frequently observed simultaneously during bloom events and thus have partially overlapping niches. However, the extent of their niche overlap is debated, and it is also unclear to what extent niche partitioning occurs among strains within each genus. To identify strains within each genus, we applied minimum entropy decomposition (MED) to 16S rRNA gene sequences. We confirmed that at a genus level, M and D have different preferences for nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Within each genus, we also identified strains differentially associated with temperature, precipitation, and concentrations of nutrients and toxins. In general, niche similarity between strains (as measured by co-occurrence over time) declined with genetic distance. This pattern is consistent with habitat filtering - in which closely related taxa are ecologically similar, and therefore tend to co-occur under similar environmental conditions. In contrast with this general pattern, similarity in certain niche dimensions (notably particulate nitrogen and phosphorus) did not decline linearly with genetic distance, and instead showed a complex polynomial relationship. This observation suggests the importance of processes other than habitat filtering - such as competition between closely related taxa, or convergent trait evolution in distantly related taxa - in shaping particular traits in microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tromas
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zofia E Taranu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan D Martin
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Amy Willis
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nathalie Fortin
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Guedes IA, Rachid CTCC, Rangel LM, Silva LHS, Bisch PM, Azevedo SMFO, Pacheco ABF. Close Link Between Harmful Cyanobacterial Dominance and Associated Bacterioplankton in a Tropical Eutrophic Reservoir. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:424. [PMID: 29593677 PMCID: PMC5857610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria tend to become the dominant phytoplankton component in eutrophic freshwater environments during warmer seasons. However, general observations of cyanobacterial adaptive advantages in these circumstances are insufficient to explain the prevalence of one species over another in a bloom period, which may be related to particular strategies and interactions with other components of the plankton community. In this study, we present an integrative view of a mixed cyanobacterial bloom occurring during a warm, rainy period in a tropical hydropower reservoir. We used high-throughput sequencing to follow temporal shifts in the dominance of cyanobacterial genera and shifts in the associated heterotrophic bacteria community. The bloom occurred during late spring-summer and included two distinct periods. The first period corresponded to Microcystis aeruginosa complex (MAC) dominance with a contribution from Dolichospermum circinale; this pattern coincided with high water retention time and low transparency. The second period corresponded to Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Synechococcus spp. dominance, and the reservoir presented lower water retention time and higher water transparency. The major bacterial phyla were primarily Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes. Temporal shifts in the dominance of cyanobacterial genera were not only associated with physical features of the water but also with shifts in the associated heterotrophic bacteria. The MAC bloom was associated with a high abundance of Bacteroidetes, particularly Cytophagales. In the second bloom period, Planctomycetes increased in relative abundance, five Planctomycetes OTUs were positively correlated with Synechococcus or C. raciborskii OTUs. Our results suggest specific interactions of the main cyanobacterial genera with certain groups of the heterotrophic bacterial community. Thus, considering biotic interactions may lead to a better understanding of the shifts in cyanobacterial dominance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iame A Guedes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio T C C Rachid
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Rangel
- Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lúcia H S Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Bisch
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana B F Pacheco
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Zheng Q, Wang Y, Xie R, Lang AS, Liu Y, Lu J, Zhang X, Sun J, Suttle CA, Jiao N. Dynamics of Heterotrophic Bacterial Assemblages within Synechococcus Cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01517-17. [PMID: 29150500 PMCID: PMC5772231 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01517-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between photoautotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms are central to the marine microbial ecosystem. Lab cultures of one of the dominant marine photoautotrophs, Synechococcus, have historically been difficult to render axenic, presumably because these bacteria depend upon other organisms to grow under these conditions. These tight associations between Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria represent a good relevant system to study interspecies interactions. Ten individual Synechococcus strains, isolated from eutrophic and oligotrophic waters, were chosen for investigation. Four to six dominant associated heterotrophic bacteria were detected in the liquid cultures of each Synechococcus isolate, comprising members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides (CFB) group (mainly from Flavobacteriales and Cytophagales), Alphaproteobacteria (mainly from the Roseobacter clade), Gammaproteobacteria (mainly from the Alteromonadales and Pseudomonadales), and Actinobacteria The presence of the CFB group, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria showed clear geographic patterns related to the isolation environments of the Synechococcus bacteria. An investigation of the population dynamics within a growing culture (XM-24) of one of the isolates, including an evaluation of the proportions of cells that were free-living versus aggregated/attached, revealed interesting patterns for different bacterial groups. In Synechococcus sp. strain XM-24 culture, flavobacteria, which was the most abundant group throughout the culture period, tended to be aggregated or attached to the Synechococcus cells, whereas the actinobacteria demonstrated a free-living lifestyle, and roseobacters displayed different patterns depending on the culture growth phase. Factors contributing to these succession patterns for the heterotrophs likely include interactions among the culture community members, their relative abilities to utilize different compounds produced by Synechococcus cells and changes in the compounds released as culture growth proceeds, and their responses to other changes in the environmental conditions throughout the culture period.IMPORTANCE Marine microbes exist within an interactive ecological network, and studying their interactions is an important part of understanding their roles in global biogeochemical cycling and the determinants of microbial diversity. In this study, the dynamic relationships between Synechococcus spp. and their associated heterotrophic bacteria were investigated. Synechococcus-associated heterotrophic bacteria had similar geographic distribution patterns as their "host" and displayed different lifestyles (free-living versus attached/aggregated) according to the Synechococcus culture growth phases. Combined organic carbon composition and bacterial lifestyle data indicated a potential for succession in carbon utilization patterns by the dominant associated heterotrophic bacteria. Comprehending the interactions between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs and the patterns of organic carbon excretion and utilization is critical to understanding their roles in oceanic biogeochemical cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew S Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Yanting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Curtis A Suttle
- Departments of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Botany and Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Cabral BCA, Hoffmann L, Budowle B, Ürményi TP, Moura-Neto RS, Azevedo SMFO, Silva R. Planktonic microbial profiling in water samples from a Brazilian Amazonian reservoir. Microbiologyopen 2018; 7:e00523. [PMID: 29380948 PMCID: PMC5911997 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our comprehension of the dynamics and diversity of freshwater planktonic bacterial communities is far from complete concerning the Brazilian Amazonian region. Therefore, reference studies are urgently needed. We mapped bacterial communities present in the planktonic communities of a freshwater artificial reservoir located in the western Amazonian basin. Two samples were obtained from rainy and dry seasons, the periods during which water quality and plankton diversity undergo the most significant changes. Hypervariable 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing were performed to describe the first reference of a microbial community in an Amazonian lentic system. Microbial composition consisted mainly of Betaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria in the dry period. The bacteria distribution in the rainy period was notably absent of Cyanobacteria. Microcystis was observed in the dry period in which the gene cluster for cyanotoxins was found. Iron acquisition gene group was higher in the sample from the rainy season. This work mapped the first inventory of the planktonic microbial community of a large water reservoir in the Amazon, providing a reference for future functional studies and determining other communities and how they interact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C A Cabral
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luísa Hoffmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruce Budowle
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR) King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turán P Ürményi
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Moura-Neto
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Martin RM, Dearth SP, LeCleir GR, Campagna SR, Fozo EM, Zinser ER, Wilhelm SW. Microcystin-LR does not induce alterations to transcriptomic or metabolomic profiles of a model heterotrophic bacterium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189608. [PMID: 29240841 PMCID: PMC5730168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystins are secondary metabolites produced by several freshwater, bloom-forming cyanobacterial species. Microcystin-producing cyanobacteria co-occur with a complex community of heterotrophic bacteria. Though conflicting, studies suggest that microcystins affect the physiology of heterotrophic bacteria by inducing oxidative stress and increasing cell envelope permeability. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that exposure to microcystin should induce differential expression in genes responding to oxidative and envelope stress and trigger shifts in metabolite pools. We tested this hypothesis by exposing Escherichia coli MG1655 to 1 and 10 mg/L microcystin-LR and monitored global changes to gene expression, cellular metabolite pools, and lipid composition using RNA-sequencing and UPLC-MS. Contrary to reported studies, we observed no evidence that microcystin-LR induced oxidative or cell envelope stress in E. coli under the tested conditions. Our results suggest a potential difference in mechanism by which microcystin-LR interacts with heterotrophic bacteria vs. cyanobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbie M. Martin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Dearth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gary R. LeCleir
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Fozo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Erik R. Zinser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Steven W. Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
de la Cruz A, Logsdon R, Lye D, Guglielmi S, Rice A, Kannan MS. Harmful Algae Bloom Occurrence in Urban Ponds: Relationship of Toxin Levels with Cell Density and Species Composition. JOURNAL OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2017; 25:704-726. [PMID: 31750421 PMCID: PMC6865815 DOI: 10.29011/jees-148.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Retention ponds constructed within urban watershed areas of high density populations are common as a result of green infrastructure applications. Several urban ponds in the Northern Kentucky, USA area were monitored for algal community (algae and cyanobacteria) from October 2012 to September 2013. Many of the harmful algal blooms observed during this study were composed primarily of the cyanobacteria genus, Microcystis. No correlations were observed between basic water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, temperature, nitrate and soluble reactive phosphate) and the presence of cyanobacteria and/or microcystin cyanobacterial toxin levels. Furthermore, levels of microcystin toxins did not always coincide with high Microcystis cell counts. Harmful algal blooms in small urban ponds are common which pose risk to human and ecological health due to proximity of dense human population including pets and wild animals. Because harmful algal blooms were detected throughout the year in this study, adaptation of universal guidelines for the design, construction and maintenance of urban ponds may be necessary to protect watershed aquatic ecosystems, and lower health risks from exposure to such harmful blooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armah de la Cruz
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Rachael Logsdon
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY USA
| | - Dennis Lye
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Stefania Guglielmi
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Alexus Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY USA
| | - Miriam Steinitz Kannan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
The Limnohabitans Genus Harbors Generalistic and Opportunistic Subtypes: Evidence from Spatiotemporal Succession in a Canyon-Shaped Reservoir. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01530-17. [PMID: 28842542 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01530-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the diversity of Limnohabitans using reverse line blot hybridization with Limnohabitans lineage-specific probes in the freshwater canyon-shaped Římov reservoir (Czech Republic). To examine the succession of distinct lineages, we performed (i) a study of an intensive spring sampling program at the lacustrine part of the Římov reservoir (from ice melt through a phytoplankton peak to the clear-water phase), and (ii) a seasonal study (April to November) when the occurrence of distinct Limnohabitans lineages was related to the inherent longitudinal heterogeneity of the reservoir. Significant spatiotemporal changes in the compositions of distinct Limnohabitans lineages allowed for the identification of "generalists" that were always present throughout the whole season as well as "specialists" that appeared in the reservoir only for limited periods of time or irregularly. Our results indicate that some phytoplankton groups, such as cryptophytes or cyanobacteria, and zooplankton composition were the major factors modulating the distribution and dynamics of distinct Limnohabitans lineages. The highest Limnohabitans diversity was observed during the spring algal bloom, whereas the lowest was during the summer cyanobacterial bloom. The microdiversity also markedly increased upstream in the reservoir, being highest at the inflow, and thus likely reflecting strong influences of the watershed.IMPORTANCE The genus Limnohabitans is a typical freshwater bacterioplankton and is believed to play a significant role in inland freshwater habitats. This work is unique in detecting and tracing different closely related lineages of this bacterial genus in its natural conditions using the semiquantitative reverse line blot hybridization method and in discovering the factors influencing the microdiversity, subtype alternations, and seasonality.
Collapse
|
65
|
Genome Sequence and Composition of a Tolyporphin-Producing Cyanobacterium-Microbial Community. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01068-17. [PMID: 28754701 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01068-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterial culture HT-58-2 was originally described as a strain of Tolypothrix nodosa with the ability to produce tolyporphins, which comprise a family of distinct tetrapyrrole macrocycles with reported efflux pump inhibition properties. Upon reviving the culture from what was thought to be a nonextant collection, studies of culture conditions, strain characterization, phylogeny, and genomics have been undertaken. Here, HT-58-2 was shown by 16S rRNA analysis to closely align with Brasilonema strains and not with Tolypothrix isolates. Light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy revealed cyanobacterium filaments that are decorated with attached bacteria and associated with free bacteria. Metagenomic surveys of HT-58-2 cultures revealed a diversity of bacteria dominated by Erythrobacteraceae, 97% of which are Porphyrobacter species. A dimethyl sulfoxide washing procedure was found to yield enriched cyanobacterial DNA (presumably by removing community bacteria) and sequence data sufficient for genome assembly. The finished, closed HT-58-2Cyano genome consists of 7.85 Mbp (42.6% G+C) and contains 6,581 genes. All genes for biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles (e.g., heme, chlorophyll a, and phycocyanobilin) and almost all for cobalamin were identified dispersed throughout the chromosome. Among the 6,177 protein-encoding genes, coding sequences (CDSs) for all but two of the eight enzymes for conversion of glutamic acid to protoporphyrinogen IX also were found within one major gene cluster. The cluster also includes 10 putative genes (and one hypothetical gene) encoding proteins with domains for a glycosyltransferase, two cytochrome P450 enzymes, and a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding protein. The composition of the gene cluster suggests a possible role in tolyporphin biosynthesis.IMPORTANCE A worldwide search more than 25 years ago for cyanobacterial natural products with anticancer activity identified a culture (HT-58-2) from Micronesia that produces tolyporphins. Tolyporphins are tetrapyrroles, like chlorophylls, but have several profound structural differences that reside outside the bounds of known biosynthetic pathways. To begin probing the biosynthetic origin and biological function of tolyporphins, our research has focused on studying the cyanobacterial strain, about which almost nothing has been previously reported. We find that the HT-58-2 culture is composed of the cyanobacterium and a community of associated bacteria, complicating the question of which organisms make tolyporphins. Elucidation of the cyanobacterial genome revealed an intriguing gene cluster that contains tetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes and a collection of unknown genes, suggesting that the cluster may be responsible for tolyporphin production. Knowledge of the genome and the gene cluster sharply focuses research to identify related cyanobacterial producers of tolyporphins and delineate the tolyporphin biosynthetic pathway.
Collapse
|
66
|
Otten TG, Paerl HW, Dreher TW, Kimmerer WJ, Parker AE. The molecular ecology of
Microcystis
sp. blooms in the San Francisco Estuary. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3619-3637. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Otten
- Department of MicrobiologyOregon State University226 Nash Hall, Corvallis OR97331 USA
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill3431 Arendell St, Morehead City NC28557 USA
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill3431 Arendell St, Morehead City NC28557 USA
| | - Theo W. Dreher
- Department of MicrobiologyOregon State University226 Nash Hall, Corvallis OR97331 USA
| | - Wim J. Kimmerer
- Romburg Tiburon CenterSan Francisco State University3150 Paradise Dr, Tiburon CA94920 USA
| | - Alexander E. Parker
- Romburg Tiburon CenterSan Francisco State University3150 Paradise Dr, Tiburon CA94920 USA
- California State University Maritime Academy200 Maritime Academy Drive, Vallejo CA94590 USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Wu H, Li Y, Zhang J, Niu L, Zhang W, Cai W, Zhu X. Sediment bacterial communities in a eutrophic lake influenced by multiple inflow-rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19795-19806. [PMID: 28685337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sediment bacterial communities are sensitive to environmental fluctuations, particularly external input sources. Studying the relationships between bacterial community distribution and the estuarine environment is critical for understanding the river-lake confluence ecosystem and the effect of inflow-rivers on lakes. In the present study, bacterial communities from the sediments of 14 estuaries and four pelagic sites of the Taihu Lake were investigated via high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that Delta-, Beta-, and Gamma-proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Nitrospira, Bacilli, Anaerolineae, and Actinobacteria were the major classes in sediment bacterial communities of the Taihu Lake. In general, the inflow-rivers of different pollution types have distinctly different influences on sediment bacterial communities of the lake. The bacterial community composition and physicochemical properties of pelagic sites were closer to those of the estuaries of western region which was polluted by serious industrial and agricultural pollution. The bacterial community diversity of estuaries was lower than those of pelagic sites. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that α-diversity of the bacterial community was significantly correlated with C/N, total nitrogen, and total carbon in estuarine sediments. Redundancy analysis revealed that the variance in bacterial community composition was also significantly associated with C/N (24.9%) followed by total phosphorus (15.8%), nitrite (7.2%), and nitrate (7.7%) among different estuaries. This study provides a reference to understand the influence of inflow-rivers on the lake ecosystem, which offered a basic guidance for maintaining the ecological system and protecting the water environment of lacustrine basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Environment and Chemical Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Tromas N, Fortin N, Bedrani L, Terrat Y, Cardoso P, Bird D, Greer CW, Shapiro BJ. Characterising and predicting cyanobacterial blooms in an 8-year amplicon sequencing time course. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1746-1763. [PMID: 28524869 PMCID: PMC5520043 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms occur in lakes worldwide, producing toxins that pose a serious public health threat. Eutrophication caused by human activities and warmer temperatures both contribute to blooms, but it is still difficult to predict precisely when and where blooms will occur. One reason that prediction is so difficult is that blooms can be caused by different species or genera of cyanobacteria, which may interact with other bacteria and respond to a variety of environmental cues. Here we used a deep 16S amplicon sequencing approach to profile the bacterial community in eutrophic Lake Champlain over time, to characterise the composition and repeatability of cyanobacterial blooms, and to determine the potential for blooms to be predicted based on time course sequence data. Our analysis, based on 135 samples between 2006 and 2013, spans multiple bloom events. We found that bloom events significantly alter the bacterial community without reducing overall diversity, suggesting that a distinct microbial community-including non-cyanobacteria-prospers during the bloom. We also observed that the community changes cyclically over the course of a year, with a repeatable pattern from year to year. This suggests that, in principle, bloom events are predictable. We used probabilistic assemblages of OTUs to characterise the bloom-associated community, and to classify samples into bloom or non-bloom categories, achieving up to 92% classification accuracy (86% after excluding cyanobacterial sequences). Finally, using symbolic regression, we were able to predict the start date of a bloom with 78-92% accuracy (depending on the data used for model training), and found that sequence data was a better predictor than environmental variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tromas
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent-d'Indy, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Fortin
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Larbi Bedrani
- Microbiology and Ecology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yves Terrat
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent-d'Indy, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Bird
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Faculté des sciences, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent-d'Indy, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Yang C, Wang Q, Simon PN, Liu J, Liu L, Dai X, Zhang X, Kuang J, Igarashi Y, Pan X, Luo F. Distinct Network Interactions in Particle-Associated and Free-Living Bacterial Communities during a Microcystis aeruginosa Bloom in a Plateau Lake. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1202. [PMID: 28713340 PMCID: PMC5492469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle-associated bacteria (PAB) and free-living bacteria (FLB) from aquatic environments during phytoplankton blooms differ in their physical distance from algae. Both the interactions within PAB and FLB community fractions and their relationship with the surrounding environmental properties are largely unknown. Here, by using high-throughput sequencing and network-based analyses, we compared the community and network characteristics of PAB and FLB from a plateau lake during a Microcystis aeruginosa bloom. Results showed that PAB and FLB differed significantly in diversity, structure and microbial connecting network. PAB communities were characterized by highly similar bacterial community structure in different sites, tighter network connections, important topological roles for the bloom-causing M. aeruginosa and Alphaproteobacteria, especially for the potentially nitrogen-fixing (Pleomorphomonas) and algicidal bacteria (Brevundimonas sp.). FLB communities were sensitive to the detected environmental factors and were characterized by significantly higher bacterial diversity, less connectivity, larger network size and marginal role of M. aeruginosa. In both networks, covariation among bacterial taxa was extensive (>88% positive connections), and bacteria potentially affiliated with biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen (i.e., denitrification, nitrogen-fixation and nitrite-oxidization) were important in occupying module hubs, such as Meganema, Pleomorphomonas, and Nitrospira. These findings highlight the importance of considering microbial network interactions for the understanding of blooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Yang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Paulina N Simon
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lincong Liu
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xianzhu Dai
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jialiang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yasuo Igarashi
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Morrison JM, Baker KD, Zamor RM, Nikolai S, Elshahed MS, Youssef NH. Spatiotemporal analysis of microbial community dynamics during seasonal stratification events in a freshwater lake (Grand Lake, OK, USA). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177488. [PMID: 28493994 PMCID: PMC5426677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many freshwater lakes undergo seasonal stratification, where the formation of phototrophic blooms in the epilimnion and subsequent sedimentation induces hypoxia/anoxia in the thermocline and hypolimnion. This autochthonously produced biomass represents a major seasonal organic input that impacts the entire ecosystem. While the limnological aspects of this process are fairly well documented, relatively little is known regarding the microbial community response to such events, especially in the deeper anoxic layers of the water column. Here, we conducted a spatiotemporal survey of the particle-associated and free-living microbial communities in a warm monomictic freshwater reservoir (Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees) in northeastern Oklahoma, USA. Pre-stratification samples (March) harbored a homogeneous community throughout the oxygenated water column dominated by typical oligotrophic aquatic lineages (acl clade within Actinobacteria, and Flavobacterium within the Bacteroidetes). The onset of phototrophic blooming in June induced the progression of this baseline community into two distinct trajectories. Within the oxic epilimnion, samples were characterized by the propagation of phototrophic (Prochlorococcus), and heterotrophic (Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Beta-Proteobacteria) lineages. Within the oxygen-deficient thermocline and hypolimnion, the sedimentation of surface biomass induced the development of a highly diverse community, with the enrichment of Chloroflexi, “Latescibacteria”, Armatimonadetes, and Delta-Proteobacteria in the particle-associated fraction, and Gemmatimonadetes and “Omnitrophica” in the free-living fraction. Our work documents the development of multiple spatially and temporally distinct niches during lake stratification, and supports the enrichment of multiple yet-uncultured and poorly characterized lineages in the lake’s deeper oxygen-deficient layers, an ecologically relevant microbial niche that is often overlooked in lakes diversity surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Morrison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Kristina D. Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Zamor
- Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA), Vinita, OK, United States of America
| | - Steve Nikolai
- Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA), Vinita, OK, United States of America
| | - Mostafa S. Elshahed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Noha H. Youssef
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Te SH, Tan BF, Thompson JR, Gin KYH. Relationship of Microbiota and Cyanobacterial Secondary Metabolites in Planktothricoides-Dominated Bloom. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4199-4209. [PMID: 28345890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of phytoplankton species and microbial biodiversity is necessary to assess water ecosystem health and the quality of water resources. We investigated the short-term (2 days) vertical and diel variations in bacterial community structure and microbially derived secondary metabolites during a cyanobacterial bloom that emerged in a highly urbanized tropical reservoir. The waterbody was largely dominated by the cyanobacteria Planktothricoides spp., together with the Synechococcus, Pseudanabaena, Prochlorothrix, and Limnothrix. Spatial differences (i.e., water depth) rather than temporal differences (i.e., day versus night) better-explained the short-term variability in water quality parameters and bacterial community composition. Difference in bacterial structure suggested a resource-driven distribution pattern for the community. We found that the freshwater bacterial community associated with cyanobacterial blooms is largely conserved at the phylum level, with Proteobacteria (β-proteobateria), Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria as the main taxa despite the cyanobacterial species present and geographical (Asia, Europe, Australia, and North America) or climatic distinctions. Through multivariate statistical analyses of the bacterial community, environmental parameters, and secondary metabolite concentrations, we observed positive relationships between the occurrences of cyanobacterial groups and off-flavor compounds (2-methyisoborneol and β-ionone), suggesting a cyanobacterial origin. This study demonstrates the potential of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing as a supporting tool in algal bloom monitoring or water-resource management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Harn Te
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore , 5A Engineering Drive 1, No. 02-01 T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411
| | - Boon Fei Tan
- Centre for Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre , 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602
| | - Janelle R Thompson
- Centre for Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre , 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore , 5A Engineering Drive 1, No. 02-01 T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore , 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Li W, Zhang F, Ye Q, Wu D, Wang L, Yu Y, Deng B, Du J. Composition and copper binding properties of aquatic fulvic acids in eutrophic Taihu Lake, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:496-504. [PMID: 28104558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) plays a significant role in biogenic-elemental cycling in aquatic ecosystems which is highly dependent on their organic composition. In this study, the aquatic FA contents and binding properties during bloom and non-bloom periods in Taihu Lake were investigated by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2D-COS-FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis. Compared with non-bloom FA, bloom FA was of lower nitrogen content and higher C/N ratio. It contained more carboxylic and aliphatic groups while less amide groups. 2D-COS-FTIR spectra evidenced the carboxyl groups in bloom FA had the fastest response to Cu(II) binding. Also, polysaccharide in bloom FA was more susceptive to Cu(II) concentrations than that in non-bloom FA. While comparing with bloom FA, the N-rich organic compounds in non-bloom FA exhibited faster binding sequence with Cu(II). A comprehensive scheme about the interaction process of FA-Cu(II) showed that both nitrogenous and oxygenic groups in FAs were active in binding to Cu(II). The alteration in binding behaviors of organic groups in FAs to Cu(II) may have been driven by algal products and microbial community variety in Taihu Lake. Our results here have the potential to contribute significantly to future studies of dissolved organic matter dynamic biogeochemistry processes and trace metal cycling processes in eutrophic lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Wang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West No.30 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihua Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, College of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Parulekar NN, Kolekar P, Jenkins A, Kleiven S, Utkilen H, Johansen A, Sawant S, Kulkarni-Kale U, Kale M, Sæbø M. Characterization of bacterial community associated with phytoplankton bloom in a eutrophic lake in South Norway using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173408. [PMID: 28282404 PMCID: PMC5345797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between different phytoplankton taxa and heterotrophic bacterial communities within aquatic environments can differentially support growth of various heterotrophic bacterial species. In this study, phytoplankton diversity was studied using traditional microscopic techniques and the bacterial communities associated with phytoplankton bloom were studied using High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from the V1-V3 and V3-V4 hypervariable regions. Samples were collected from Lake Akersvannet, a eutrophic lake in South Norway, during the growth season from June to August 2013. Microscopic examination revealed that the phytoplankton community was mostly represented by Cyanobacteria and the dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella. The HTS results revealed that Proteobacteria (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma), Bacteriodetes, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia dominated the bacterial community, with varying relative abundances throughout the sampling season. Species level identification of Cyanobacteria showed a mixed population of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Microcystis aeruginosa and Woronichinia naegeliana. A significant proportion of the microbial community was composed of unclassified taxa which might represent locally adapted freshwater bacterial groups. Comparison of cyanobacterial species composition from HTS and microscopy revealed quantitative discrepancies, indicating a need for cross validation of results. To our knowledge, this is the first study that uses HTS methods for studying the bacterial community associated with phytoplankton blooms in a Norwegian lake. The study demonstrates the value of considering results from multiple methods when studying bacterial communities.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Bacteria/genetics
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Bacteria/metabolism
- Cyanobacteria/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Lakes/microbiology
- Microcystins/analysis
- Microcystis/genetics
- Microcystis/metabolism
- Norway
- Phytoplankton/genetics
- Phytoplankton/growth & development
- Proteobacteria/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Nitin Parulekar
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Pandurang Kolekar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Andrew Jenkins
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - Synne Kleiven
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - Hans Utkilen
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - Anette Johansen
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - Sangeeta Sawant
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Urmila Kulkarni-Kale
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Mohan Kale
- Department of Statistics, Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune), Pune, India
| | - Mona Sæbø
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Driscoll CB, Otten TG, Brown NM, Dreher TW. Towards long-read metagenomics: complete assembly of three novel genomes from bacteria dependent on a diazotrophic cyanobacterium in a freshwater lake co-culture. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:9. [PMID: 28127419 PMCID: PMC5248499 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report three complete bacterial genome assemblies from a PacBio shotgun metagenome of a co-culture from Upper Klamath Lake, OR. Genome annotations and culture conditions indicate these bacteria are dependent on carbon and nitrogen fixation from the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, whose genome was assembled to draft-quality. Due to their taxonomic novelty relative to previously sequenced bacteria, we have temporarily designated these bacteria as incertae sedis Hyphomonadaceae strain UKL13-1 (3,501,508 bp and 56.12% GC), incertae sedis Betaproteobacterium strain UKL13-2 (3,387,087 bp and 54.98% GC), and incertae sedis Bacteroidetes strain UKL13-3 (3,236,529 bp and 37.33% GC). Each genome consists of a single circular chromosome with no identified plasmids. When compared with binned Illumina assemblies of the same three genomes, there was ~7% discrepancy in total genome length. Gaps where Illumina assemblies broke were often due to repetitive elements. Within these missing sequences were essential genes and genes associated with a variety of functional categories. Annotated gene content reveals that both Proteobacteria are aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs, with Betaproteobacterium UKL13-2 potentially capable of phototrophic oxidation of sulfur compounds. Both proteobacterial genomes contain transporters suggesting they are scavenging fixed nitrogen from A. flos-aquae in the form of ammonium. Bacteroidetes UKL13-3 has few completely annotated biosynthetic pathways, and has a comparatively higher proportion of unannotated genes. The genomes were detected in only a few other freshwater metagenomes, suggesting that these bacteria are not ubiquitous in freshwater systems. Our results indicate that long-read sequencing is a viable method for sequencing dominant members from low-diversity microbial communities, and should be considered for environmental metagenomics when conditions meet these requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor B. Driscoll
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Timothy G. Otten
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Nathan M. Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Theo W. Dreher
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Zhu L, Zancarini A, Louati I, De Cesare S, Duval C, Tambosco K, Bernard C, Debroas D, Song L, Leloup J, Humbert JF. Bacterial Communities Associated with Four Cyanobacterial Genera Display Structural and Functional Differences: Evidence from an Experimental Approach. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1662. [PMID: 27822204 PMCID: PMC5076464 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the limitations associated with studying the interactions between bacterial communities (BCs) and cyanobacteria in natural environments, we compared the structural and functional diversities of the BCs associated with 15 non-axenic cyanobacterial strains in culture and two natural BCs sampled during cyanobacterial blooms. No significant differences in richness and diversity were found between the natural and cultivated BCs, although some of the cyanobacterial strains had been isolated 11 years earlier. Moreover, these BCs shared some similar characteristics, such as a very low abundance of Actinobacteria, but they display significant differences at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. Overall, our findings suggest that BCs associated with cyanobacteria in culture are good models to better understand the interactions between heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria. Additionally, BCs associated with heterocystous cyanobacterial strains cultivated in Z8X culture medium without nitrate (Aphanizomenon–Dolichospermum) demonstrated significant differences compared to BCs associated with non-heterocystous strains cultivated in Z8 culture medium (Planktothrix–Microcystis) in terms of their composition and their ability to utilize different carbon sources, suggesting the potential influence of cyanobacterial metabolism and/or culture media on associated BCs. Finally, half of the dominant OTUs in these BCs were specifically associated with cyanobacteria or other phytoplankton, whereas the remaining OTUs were generally associated with ecosystems containing high organic matter content, such as sludge or intestines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China; UPMC-INRA, iEES-Paris UMR 7618Paris, France
| | | | - Imen Louati
- UPMC-INRA, iEES-Paris UMR 7618 Paris, France
| | | | - Charlotte Duval
- CNRS, MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7245, Sorbonne Universités Paris, France
| | | | - Cécile Bernard
- CNRS, MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7245, Sorbonne Universités Paris, France
| | - Didier Debroas
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université de Clermont-Ferrand Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Watson SB, Miller C, Arhonditsis G, Boyer GL, Carmichael W, Charlton MN, Confesor R, Depew DC, Höök TO, Ludsin SA, Matisoff G, McElmurry SP, Murray MW, Peter Richards R, Rao YR, Steffen MM, Wilhelm SW. The re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: Harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 56:44-66. [PMID: 28073496 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lake Erie supplies drinking water to more than 11 million consumers, processes millions of gallons of wastewater, provides important species habitat and supports a substantial industrial sector, with >$50 billion annual income to tourism, recreational boating, shipping, fisheries, and other industries. These and other key ecosystem services are currently threatened by an excess supply of nutrients, manifested in particular by increases in the magnitude and extent of harmful planktonic and benthic algal blooms (HABs) and hypoxia. Widespread concern for this important international waterbody has been manifested in a strong focus of scientific and public material on the subject, and commitments for Canada-US remedial actions in recent agreements among Federal, Provincial and State agencies. This review provides a retrospective synthesis of past and current nutrient inputs, impairments by planktonic and benthic HABs and hypoxia, modelling and Best Management Practices in the Lake Erie basin. The results demonstrate that phosphorus reduction is of primary importance, but the effects of climate, nitrogen and other factors should also be considered in the context of adaptive management. Actions to reduce nutrient levels by targeted Best Management Practices will likely need to be tailored for soil types, topography, and farming practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Watson
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Carol Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Watershed Environmental Research Group, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - George Arhonditsis
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Gregory L Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Wayne Carmichael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | | | - Remegio Confesor
- National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA
| | - David C Depew
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Tomas O Höök
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA
| | - Stuart A Ludsin
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
| | - Gerald Matisoff
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7216, USA
| | - Shawn P McElmurry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Watershed Environmental Research Group, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Michael W Murray
- National Wildlife Federation Great Lakes Regional Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | | | - Yerubandi R Rao
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Morgan M Steffen
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Steven W Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Correction: Structural Diversity of Bacterial Communities Associated with Bloom-Forming Freshwater Cyanobacteria Differs According to the Cyanobacterial Genus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146866. [PMID: 26741811 PMCID: PMC4704738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|