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Zhao J, Wu Y, Lu P, Wu X, Han J, Shi Y, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Gao L, Zhao J, Wang Z, Fan X. Association of complement components with the risk and severity of NAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054159. [PMID: 36569882 PMCID: PMC9782972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is generally believed that complement system is strongly associated with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, complement system contains a variety of complement components, and the relationship between complement components and the risk and severity of NAFLD is inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of complement components with the risk and severity of NAFLD. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ZhiWang Chinese databases from inception to May 2022 for observational studies reporting the risk of NAFLD with complement components. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled estimates of the effect due to heterogeneity. Results We identified 18 studies with a total of 18560 included subjects. According to recent studies, levels of complement component 3 (C3) (mean difference (MD): 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26-0.60), complement component 4 (C4) (MD: 0.04, 95% CI 0.02-0.07), complement component 5(C5) (MD: 34.03, 95% CI 30.80-37.27), complement factor B (CFB) (MD: 0.22, 95% CI 0.13-0.31) and acylation stimulating protein (ASP) (standard mean difference (SMD): 5.17, 95% CI 2.57-7.77) in patients with NAFLD were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, no statistical significance was obtained in complement factor D (CFD) levels between NAFLD and non-NAFLD (MD=156.51, 95% CI -59.38-372.40). Moreover, the levels of C3, C5, CFB, and ASP in patients with moderate and severe NAFLD were significantly higher than those in patients with mild NAFLD. Except for C4 and CFD, the included studies did not explore the changes in the severity of NAFLD according to the concentration of C4 and CFD. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrates that an increase in complement components including C3, C5, CFB, and ASP is associated with an increased risk and severity of NAFLD, indicating that they may be good biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD. Systematic review registration PROSPERO [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier CRD42022348650.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, OH, Cleveland, United States
| | - Junming Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingzhou Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiping Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Jiajun Zhao, ; Zhen Wang, ; Xiude Fan,
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Jiajun Zhao, ; Zhen Wang, ; Xiude Fan,
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Jiajun Zhao, ; Zhen Wang, ; Xiude Fan,
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Kojima T, Oda T. Role of complement activation in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1031445. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1031445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small or medium vessels, causing ANCA associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN). AAGN is defined as pauci-immune glomerulonephritis with no or little immune deposition; hence, activation of the complement system in AAV was overlooked until recently. However, many studies in mice and humans have revealed a crucial role for complement system activation in the development of AAGN. Circulating and urinary detection of various complement components associated with AP activation, which have been broadly correlated with the clinical activity of AAGN, has been reported and may be useful for predicting renal outcome at the time of diagnosis and setting up personalized treatments. Moreover, recent investigations have suggested the possible contribution of the complement classical or lectin pathway activation in the development of AAGN. Thus, as therapeutic options targeting complement components are making rapid strides, the primary complement pathway involved in AAGN disease progression remains to be elucidated: this will directly impact the development of novel therapeutic strategies with high specificity and reduced side effects. This review summarizes and discusses the most recent evidence on the crucial roles of the complement system in the development of AAGN and possible therapeutic strategies that target complement components for disease management.
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Li Y, Tang M, Zhang FJ, Huang Y, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y, Yang J, Zhu S. Screening of ulcerative colitis biomarkers and potential pathways based on weighted gene co-expression network, machine learning and ceRNA hypothesis. Hereditas 2022; 159:42. [PMID: 36419192 PMCID: PMC9685902 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) refers to an intractable intestinal inflammatory disease. Its increasing incidence rate imposes a huge burden on patients and society. The UC etiology has not been determined, so screening potential biomarkers is critical to preventing disease progression and selecting optimal therapeutic strategies more effectively. METHODS The microarray datasets of intestinal mucosal biopsy of UC patients were selected from the GEO database, and integrated with R language to screen differentially expressed genes and draw proteins interaction network diagrams. GO, KEGG, DO and GSEA enrichment analyses were performed to explore their biological functions. Through machine learning and WGCNA analysis, targets that can be used as UC potential biomarkers are screened out. ROC curves were drawn to verify the reliability of the results and predicted the mechanism of marker genes from the aspects of immune cell infiltration, co-expression analysis, and competitive endogenous network (ceRNA). RESULTS Two datasets GSE75214 and GSE87466 were integrated for screening, and a total of 107 differentially expressed genes were obtained. They were mainly related to biological functions such as humoral immune response and inflammatory response. Further screened out five marker genes, and found that they were associated with M0 macrophages, quiescent mast cells, M2 macrophages, and activated NK cells in terms of immune cell infiltration. The co-expression network found significant co-expression relationships between 54 miRNAs and 5 marker genes. According to the ceRNA hypothesis, NEAT1-miR-342-3p/miR-650-SLC6A14, NEAT1-miR-650-IRAK3, and XIST-miR-342-3p-IRAK3 axes were found as potential regulatory pathways in UC. CONCLUSION This study screened out five biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of UC, namely SLC6A14, TIMP1, IRAK3, HMGCS2, and APOBEC3B. Confirmed that they play a role in the occurrence and development of UC at the level of immune infiltration, and proposed a potential RNA regulatory pathway that controls the progression of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China ,grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First College for Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyao Tang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Innovation and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000 China
| | - Feng Jun Zhang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China ,grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First College for Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yihan Huang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Junqi Li
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- grid.479672.9Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First College for Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Innovation and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000 China
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Trivedi VS, Magnusen AF, Rani R, Marsili L, Slavotinek AM, Prows DR, Hopkin RJ, McKay MA, Pandey MK. Targeting the Complement-Sphingolipid System in COVID-19 and Gaucher Diseases: Evidence for a New Treatment Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214340. [PMID: 36430817 PMCID: PMC9695449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced disease (COVID-19) and Gaucher disease (GD) exhibit upregulation of complement 5a (C5a) and its C5aR1 receptor, and excess synthesis of glycosphingolipids that lead to increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, resulting in massive generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. This C5a-C5aR1-glycosphingolipid pathway- induced pro-inflammatory environment causes the tissue damage in COVID-19 and GD. Strikingly, pharmaceutically targeting the C5a-C5aR1 axis or the glycosphingolipid synthesis pathway led to a reduction in glycosphingolipid synthesis and innate and adaptive immune inflammation, and protection from the tissue destruction in both COVID-19 and GD. These results reveal a common involvement of the complement and glycosphingolipid systems driving immune inflammation and tissue damage in COVID-19 and GD, respectively. It is therefore expected that combined targeting of the complement and sphingolipid pathways could ameliorate the tissue destruction, organ failure, and death in patients at high-risk of developing severe cases of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyoma Snehal Trivedi
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Albert Frank Magnusen
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Reena Rani
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Luca Marsili
- Department of Neurology, James J. and Joan A. Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, 3113 Bellevue Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Anne Michele Slavotinek
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Daniel Ray Prows
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Robert James Hopkin
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mary Ashley McKay
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Building R1, MLC 7016, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ciccosanti F, Antonioli M, Sacchi A, Notari S, Farina A, Beccacece A, Fusto M, Vergori A, D'Offizi G, Taglietti F, Antinori A, Nicastri E, Marchioni L, Palmieri F, Ippolito G, Piacentini M, Agrati C, Fimia GM. Proteomic analysis identifies a signature of disease severity in the plasma of COVID-19 pneumonia patients associated to neutrophil, platelet and complement activation. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:38. [PMID: 36348270 PMCID: PMC9641302 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 display mild symptoms with good prognosis, while 20% of patients suffer from severe viral pneumonia and up to 5% may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission due to severe acute respiratory syndrome, which could be accompanied by multiorgan failure.Plasma proteomics provide valuable and unbiased information about disease progression and therapeutic candidates. Recent proteomic studies have identified molecular changes in plasma of COVID-19 patients that implied significant dysregulation of several aspects of the inflammatory response accompanied by a general metabolic suppression. However, which of these plasma alterations are associated with disease severity remains only partly characterized.A known limitation of proteomic studies of plasma samples is the large difference in the macromolecule abundance, with concentration spanning at least 10 orders of magnitude. To improve the coverage of plasma contents, we performed a deep proteomic analysis of plasma from 10 COVID-19 patients with severe/fatal pneumonia compared to 10 COVID-19 patients with pneumonia who did not require ICU admission (non-ICU). To this aim, plasma samples were first depleted of the most abundant proteins, trypsin digested and peptides subjected to a high pH reversed-phase peptide fractionation before LC-MS analysis.These results highlighted an increase of proteins involved in neutrophil and platelet activity and acute phase response, which is significantly higher in severe/fatal COVID-19 patients when compared to non-ICU ones. Importantly, these changes are associated with a selective induction of complement cascade factors in severe/fatal COVID-19 patients. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD036491. Among these alterations, we confirmed by ELISA that higher levels of the neutrophil granule proteins DEFA3 and LCN2 are present in COVID-19 patients requiring ICU admission when compared to non-ICU and healthy donors.Altogether, our study provided an in-depth view of plasma proteome changes that occur in COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity, which can be helpful to identify therapeutic strategies to improve the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ciccosanti
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Notari
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Farina
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Beccacece
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Fusto
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vergori
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpiero D'Offizi
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Taglietti
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Marchioni
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- General Directorate for Research and Health Innovation, Italian Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
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Shen LH, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Su ZT, Yu SM, Cao SZ, Zong XL. Effect of anemoside B4 on milk whey in clinical mastitis-affected cows elucidated using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18829. [PMID: 36335251 PMCID: PMC9637092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular injection of anemoside B4 (AB4) has a superior therapeutic effect on clinical mastitis in lactating cows. Here, we explored AB4's effect on milk whey in clinical mastitis-affected cows using proteomics. Among fifty clinical mastitis cows received AB4 administration (0.05 ml/kg/day, for 7 days), twelve healed cows were selected and marked as group T. Twelve clinically heathy cows received the same dose of saline for 7 days, marked as group C. Collected milk whey of group T before and after AB4 administration marked as T1 and T2, respectively. The milk whey of group C after saline injection marked as C1. Milk whey protein changes were detected using tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic. We identified 872 quantifiable proteins in the samples. Among them, 511 proteins between T1 and C1, and 361 proteins between T2 and T1 were significantly altered. T1 than C1 had significantly more proteins associated with inflammatory damage and trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes, whereas these proteins were reduced in T2 treated with AB4. Compared with C, proteins associated with fibrin clot degradation and complement system activation were downregulated in T1 but upregulated in T2. In summary, AB4 can exert its therapeutic effect on clinical mastitis in cows mainly by reducing inflammatory damage, activating the complement system, inhibiting trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes, and promoting degradation of milk fibrin clots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-hong Shen
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yue Zhang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yu Shen
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhe-tong Su
- Guangxi Innovates Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Lipu, 546600 Guangxi China
| | - Shu-min Yu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Sui-zhong Cao
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xiao-lan Zong
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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Xiao K, Zhang S, Li C. The complement system and complement-like factors in sea cucumber. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104511. [PMID: 36029917 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of innate immunity and plays an essential role in immune responses. Complement system consists of a series of proteins, its activation results in opsonization and phagocytosis of pathogens. Although the complement system has been studied extensively in vertebrates, considerably less is known about complement in invertebrates, especially in sea cucumber. Here, we reviewed the complement-like factors including Component 3 (C3), Complement factor B (Bf), Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and globular Complement component 1q Receptor (gC1qR), which had been found in the complement system of sea cucumber. Furthermore, we compared the features of complement components among marine invertebrates and described the evolution of sea cucumber complement system obviously. This review can offer theoretical basis for disease control of the sea cucumber and will provide new insights into immune system of marine invertebrates. Meantime, the complete framework of sea cucumber complement may benefit the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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Aumailley L, Bourassa S, Gotti C, Droit A, Lebel M. Vitamin C modulates the levels of several proteins of the mitochondrial complex III and its activity in the mouse liver. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102491. [PMID: 36179436 PMCID: PMC9520280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate is a crucial antioxidant and essential cofactor of biosynthetic and regulatory enzymes. Unlike humans, mice can synthesize ascorbate thanks to the key enzyme gulonolactone oxidase (Gulo). In the present study, we used the Gulo-/- mouse model, which cannot synthesize their own ascorbate to determine the impact of this vitamin on the liver proteome of specific subcellular organelles. We performed label-free Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) global quantitative proteomic profiling to identify and quantify proteins in microsomal enriched liver extracts (MEE) from Gulo-/- mice treated with 0-0.4% (w/v) ascorbate in drinking water until the age of four months. Using a principal component analysis on normalized and imputed data of the label-free protein quantifications, a sex-based difference in MEE proteome profiles was observed for all the different ascorbate treated mice. Suboptimal hepatic ascorbate concentrations affected the levels of more proteins and hence biochemical processes in females than in males. Nevertheless, Pearson correlation analyses revealed that the MS intensities of various proteins involved in complement activation inversely correlated with liver ascorbate concentrations in both Gulo-/- males and females. Moreover, the correlation analyses also indicated that several proteins in the mitochondrial complex III of the electron transport chain positively correlated with liver ascorbate concentrations in both Gulo-/- females and males. Consequently, the mitochondrial complex III activity in Gulo-/- female and male mice treated with suboptimal hepatic concentrations of ascorbate was significantly lower than Gulo-/- mice treated with optimal ascorbate concentration. Finally, the whole liver of ascorbate-deficient Gulo-/- mice exhibited lower ATP levels and increased reactive oxygen species. These findings provide new information on how ascorbate deficiency potentially induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sylvie Bourassa
- Proteomics Platform, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Clarisse Gotti
- Proteomics Platform, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada; Proteomics Platform, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Deng H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Liu L, Xu R. Complement C1QC as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in colon carcinoma based on single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2022; 22:912-922. [PMID: 35765947 PMCID: PMC9589315 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2022.7309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of colon cancer. However, the main tumor-associated immune cell infiltration and its gene regulation in colon cancer still need to be further clarified in order to provide a new perspective for diagnosing and treating this disease. For this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) expression profiles and TCGA colon cancer data sets were first acquired from the GEO database. Then, Seurat, Monocle, LIMMA, Clusterprofile, GSVA and GSEABase algorithms were used to systematically examine the data. Potential target drugs corresponding to target genes were analyzed in the Drugbank database and detected by molecular docking. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the level of C1QC expression in the tissue microarray. Single cell analysis suggested that neutrophil activation might be the critical regulatory pathway in colon cancer and that macrophages were the main cell population involved. Subsequent functional enrichment analysis on differential genes in macrophages suggested that C1QC may be a critical regulatory factor in the occurrence and progression of colon cancer, and was closely related to the survival of patients. According to the drug target prediction, palivizumab is a targeted drug for C1QC, and molecular docking demonstrated that palivizumab binds to C1QC. Additionally, tissue-microarray based immunohistochemical analysis showed that C1QC was highly expressed in colon cancer tissue, and the prognosis of colon cancer patients with high C1QC expression was worse, closely related to age, lymphatic metastasis and the TNM stage (Tumor, Nodes and Metastases). Our findings suggest that C1QC may regulate the macrophages in colon cancer immune infiltration, which is expected to be a potential immunotherapy target for colon cancer, and beneficial for the diagnosis and prognosis of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Tang Y, Zhou Y, He B, Cao T, Zhou X, Ning L, Chen E, Li Y, Xie X, Peng B, Hu Y, Liu S. Investigation of the immune escape mechanism of Treponema pallidum. Infection 2022; 51:305-321. [PMID: 36260281 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum), which is a public health problem that seriously affects human health worldwide. T. pallidum is characterized by early transmission and immune escape and is therefore termed an "invisible pathogen". METHODS This review systematically summarizes the host's innate and adaptive immune responses to T. pallidum infection as well as the escape mechanisms of T. pallidum. PURPOSE To lay the foundation for assessing the pathogenic mechanism and the systematic prevention and treatment of syphilis. CONCLUSION The immune escape mechanism of T. pallidum plays an important role in its survival. Exploring the occurrence and development of these mechanisms has laid the foundation for the development of syphilis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Bisha He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Lichang Ning
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - En Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Binfeng Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Yibao Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangquan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421000, Hunan, China.
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Delaura IF, Gao Q, Anwar IJ, Abraham N, Kahan R, Hartwig MG, Barbas AS. Complement-targeting therapeutics for ischemia-reperfusion injury in transplantation and the potential for ex vivo delivery. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000172. [PMID: 36341433 PMCID: PMC9626853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ shortages and an expanding waitlist have led to increased utilization of marginal organs. All donor organs are subject to varying degrees of IRI during the transplant process. Extended criteria organs, including those from older donors and organs donated after circulatory death are especially vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Involvement of the complement cascade in mediating IRI has been studied extensively. Complement plays a vital role in the propagation of IRI and subsequent recruitment of the adaptive immune elements. Complement inhibition at various points of the pathway has been shown to mitigate IRI and minimize future immune-mediated injury in preclinical models. The recent introduction of ex vivo machine perfusion platforms provides an ideal window for therapeutic interventions. Here we review the role of complement in IRI by organ system and highlight potential therapeutic targets for intervention during ex vivo machine preservation of donor organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel F. Delaura
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Qimeng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Imran J. Anwar
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nader Abraham
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Riley Kahan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Matthew G. Hartwig
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew S. Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Lorentzen J, Pedersen DV, Gadeberg TAF, Andersen GR. Structure determination of an unstable macromolecular complex enabled by nanobody-peptide bridging. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4432. [PMID: 36173177 PMCID: PMC9601772 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Structure determination of macromolecular complexes is challenging if subunits can dissociate during crystallization or preparation of electron microscopy grids. We present an approach where a labile complex is stabilized by linking subunits though introduction of a peptide tag in one subunit that is recognized by a nanobody tethered to a second subunit. This allowed crystal structure determination at 3.9 Å resolution of the highly non‐globular 320 kDa proconvertase formed by complement components C3b, factor B, and properdin. Whereas the binding mode of properdin to C3b is preserved, an internal rearrangement occurs in the zymogen factor B von Willebrand domain type A domain compared to the proconvertase not bound to properdin. The structure emphasizes the role of two noncanonical loops in thrombospondin repeats 5 and 6 of properdin in augmenting the activity of the C3 convertase. We suggest that linking of subunits through peptide specific tethered nanobodies represents a simple alternative to approaches like affinity maturation and chemical cross‐linking for the stabilization of large macromolecular complexes. Besides applications for structural biology, nanobody bridging may become a new tool for biochemical analysis of unstable macromolecular complexes and in vitro selection of highly specific binders for such complexes. PDB Code(s): 7NOZ;
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section for Protein ScienceAarhus UniversitetAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Trine Amalie Fogh Gadeberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section for Protein ScienceAarhus UniversitetAarhusDenmark
| | - Gregers Rom Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section for Protein ScienceAarhus UniversitetAarhusDenmark
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63
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Guo Z, Fan X, Yao J, Tomlinson S, Yuan G, He S. The role of complement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017467. [PMID: 36248852 PMCID: PMC9562907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading cause of chronic liver diseases globally. NAFLD includes a range of hepatic manifestations, starting with liver steatosis and potentially evolving towards nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the pathogenesis of NAFLD is incompletely understood, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorder are implicated. The complement system is an essential part of the immune system, but it is also involved in lipid metabolism. In particular, activation of the alternative complement pathway and the production of complement activation products such as C3a, C3adesArg (acylation stimulating protein or ASP) and C5a, are strongly associated with insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorder, and hepatic inflammation. In this review, we briefly summarize research on the role of the complement system in NAFLD, aiming to provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianni Yao
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Mannan-binding lectin serine protease-2 (MASP-2) in human kidney and its relevance for proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15955. [PMID: 36153401 PMCID: PMC9509361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractProteolytic activation of the renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is increased by aldosterone. The aldosterone-sensitive protease remains unidentified. In humans, elevated circulating aldosterone is associated with increased urinary extracellular vesicle (uEVs) excretion of mannan-binding lectin associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2). We hypothesized that MASP-2 is a physiologically relevant ENaC-activating protease. It was confirmed that MASP2 mRNA is abundantly present in liver but not in human and mouse kidneys. Aldosterone-stimulation of murine cortical colleting duct (mCCD) cells did not induce MASP-2 mRNA. In human kidney collecting duct, MASP-2 protein was detected in AQP2-negative/ATP6VB1-positive intercalated cells suggestive of MASP2 protein uptake. Plasma concentration of full-length MASP-2 and the short splice variant MAp19 were not changed in a cross-over intervention study in healthy humans with low (70 mmol/day) versus high (250 mmol/day) Na+ intake despite changes in aldosterone. The ratio of MAp19/MASP-2 in plasma was significantly increased with a high Na+ diet and the ratio correlated with changes in aldosterone and fractional Na+ excretion. MASP-2 was not detected in crude urine or in uEVs. MASP2 activated an amiloride-sensitive current when co-expressed with ENaC in Xenopus oocytes, but not when added to the bath solution. In monolayers of collecting duct M1 cells, MASP2 expression did not increase amiloride-sensitive current and in HEK293 cells, MASP-2 did not affect γENaC cleavage. MASP-2 is neither expressed nor co-localized and co-regulated with ENaC in the human kidney or in urine after low Na+ intake. MASP-2 does not mediate physiological ENaC cleavage in low salt/high aldosterone settings.
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Wang M, Chang W, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Pyroptotic cell death in SARS-CoV-2 infection: revealing its roles during the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5827-5848. [PMID: 36263178 PMCID: PMC9576507 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.77561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains a global public health emergency. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 can induce aberrant and excessive immune responses, leading to cytokine storm syndrome, autoimmunity, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and dysfunction of monocytes and macrophages. Pyroptosis, a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death, acts as a host defense mechanism against infections. Pyroptosis deprives the replicative niche of SARS-CoV-2 by inducing the lysis of infected cells and exposing the virus to extracellular immune attack. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to hijack this cell death mode for its own survival, propagation and shedding. SARS-CoV-2-encoded viral products act to modulate various key components in the pyroptosis pathways, including inflammasomes, caspases and gasdermins. SARS-CoV-2-induced pyroptosis contriubtes to the development of COVID-19-associated immunopathologies through leakage of intracellular contents, disruption of immune system homeostasis or exacerbation of inflammation. Therefore, pyroptosis has emerged as an important mechanism involved in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. However, the entangled links between pyroptosis and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis lack systematic clarification. In this review, we briefly summarize the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-related immunopathologies. Moreover, we present an overview of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pyroptosis and highlight recent research advances in the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the implication of the pyroptosis pathways in COVID-19 pathogenesis, which will provide informative inspirations and new directions for further investigation and clinical practice. Finally, we discuss the potential value of pyroptosis as a therapeutic target in COVID-19. An in-depth discussion of the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis will be conducive to the identification of potential therapeutic targets and the exploration of effective treatment measures aimed at conquering SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- ✉ Corresponding author: Man Wang, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China. Tel.: +86-532-82991791; E-mail address:
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66
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The complement C3-complement factor D-C3a receptor signalling axis regulates cardiac remodelling in right ventricular failure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5409. [PMID: 36109509 PMCID: PMC9478115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of the right ventricle plays a critical role in any type of heart failure. However, the mechanism remains unclear, and there is no specific therapy. Here, we show that the right ventricle predominantly expresses alternative complement pathway-related genes, including Cfd and C3aR1. Complement 3 (C3)-knockout attenuates right ventricular dysfunction and fibrosis in a mouse model of right ventricular failure. C3a is produced from C3 by the C3 convertase complex, which includes the essential component complement factor D (Cfd). Cfd-knockout mice also show attenuation of right ventricular failure. Moreover, the plasma concentration of CFD correlates with the severity of right ventricular failure in patients with chronic right ventricular failure. A C3a receptor (C3aR) antagonist dramatically improves right ventricular dysfunction in mice. In summary, we demonstrate the crucial role of the C3-Cfd-C3aR axis in right ventricular failure and highlight potential therapeutic targets for right ventricular failure. Right ventricular (RV) failure is clinically crucial, but there is no specific therapy. Here, the authors show that the complement alternative pathway is activated in RV failure and that blockade of the pathway ameliorates RV failure in mice.
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67
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The Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Neonates Is More than a Hemodynamic Challenge: New Molecular Insights. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091179. [PMID: 36139018 PMCID: PMC9496182 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications to preterm birth are numerous, including the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The biological understanding of the PDA is sparse and treatment remains controversial. Herein, we speculate whether the PDA is more than a cardiovascular imbalance, and may be a marker in response to immature core molecular and physiological processes driven by biological systems, such as inflammation. To achieve a new biological understanding of the PDA, we performed echocardiography and collected plasma samples on day 3 of life in 53 consecutively born neonates with a gestational age at birth below 28 completed weeks. The proteome of these samples was analyzed by mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) and immunoassay of 17 cytokines and chemokines. We found differences in 21 proteins and 8 cytokines between neonates with a large PDA (>1.5 mm) compared to neonates without a PDA. Amongst others, we found increased levels of angiotensinogen, periostin, pro-inflammatory associations, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8, and anti-inflammatory associations, including IL-1RA and IL-10. Levels of complement factors C8 and carboxypeptidases were decreased. Our findings associate the PDA with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and immune- and complement systems, indicating that PDA goes beyond the persistence of a fetal circulatory connection of the great vessels.
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68
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Chen K, Liang B, Ma W, Wan G, Chen B, Lu C, Luo Y, Gu X. Immunological and prognostic analysis of PSENEN in low-grade gliomas: An immune infiltration-related prognostic biomarker. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:933855. [PMID: 35966015 PMCID: PMC9366120 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.933855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and plays a role in antitumor and antiobesity processes. A recent study identified its direct molecular target, PEN2 (PSENEN). PSENEN is the minimal subunit of the multiprotein complex γ-secretase, which promotes the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors into astrocytes in the central nervous system. This study was mainly based on gene expression data and clinical data from the TCGA and CGGA databases. Analysis of differential expression of PSENEN between tissues from 31 cancers and paracancerous tissues revealed that it had high expression levels in most cancers except 2 cancers. Using univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, a high expression level of PSENEN was shown to be a risk factor in low-grade gliomas (LGG). Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that PSENEN is widely involved in immune-related signaling pathways in LGG. PSENEN expression level was significantly associated with TMB, MSI, tumor stemness index, and the expression levels of immunomodulatory genes in LGG. Finally, immune infiltration analysis revealed that PSENEN level was associated with the presence of various immune infiltrating cells, among which PSENEN was strongly associated with the presence of M2 macrophages and played a synergistic pro-cancer role. In conclusion, PSENEN may partially influence prognosis by modulating immune infiltration in patients with LGG, and PSENEN may be a candidate prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis associated with immune infiltration in LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, The University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, The University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, The University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Changlian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changlian Lu,
| | - Yuzhou Luo
- Business School, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Yuzhou Luo,
| | - Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, The University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Xuefeng Gu,
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Mistegaard CE, Jensen L, Christiansen M, Bjerre M, Jensen JMB, Thiel S. Low levels of the innate immune system proteins MASP-2 and MAp44 in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13196. [PMID: 35673952 PMCID: PMC9542173 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) display low antibody levels and associated symptoms, including an increased risk of infections. The causes of CVID are uncertain and likely heterogeneous. The complement system protects against pathogens and plays essential roles in homeostasis and development. The influence of the complement system in CVID is not established. We investigated CVID patients and healthy individuals for plasma levels of the complement proteins: MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, MAp19 and MAp44. We also tested other patients with symptoms similar to the CVID patients. CVID patients had lower average MASP-2 and MAp44 levels than healthy individuals (P < 0.01); the MASP-2 level was 0.73-fold lower, and the MAp44 level was 0.87-fold lower. This was not observed in the other patient cohorts studied. Our findings in this exploratory study provide new insights into CVID and introduce a complement perspective for future investigations into the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Elbaek Mistegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Magnus Bernth Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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70
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Zhu Q, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhu W, Wu Z, Chen Y, Chen M, Zheng L, Tang J, Zhang S, Wang D, Wang X, Chen G. Whole-Genome/Exome Sequencing Uncovers Mutations and Copy Number Variations in Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System. Front Genet 2022; 13:878618. [PMID: 35646048 PMCID: PMC9133733 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective: Identification of key genetic alterations is of importance in the targeted therapies of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). However, only a small number of studies have been carried out in PCNSL. In this study, we further described the genetic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) in PCNSL patients using whole-genome/exome sequencing (WGS/WES), as well as revealed their associations with patients’ clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods: Tumor specimens from 38 patients with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS DLBCL) were enrolled to WGS (n = 24) or WES (n = 14). The CNVs and mutations of 24 samples (WGS) and 38 samples (WGS/WES) were characterized, respectively. The associations between CNVs and mutations with the overall survival rates of PCNSL patients were also evaluated. Results: The most common mutations were identified in IGLL5 (68%), PIM1 (63%), MYD88 (55%), CD79B (42%), BTG2 (39%), PCLO (39%), KMT2D (34%), and BTG1 (29%) genes. Among the mutated genes, EP300, ETV6, and HIST1H1E mutations were exclusively detected in the elderly, while DUSP2 mutations were associated with the immune microenvironment indicators. In addition, KMT2D mutation was associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, 488 CNVs including 91 gains and 397 deletions were observed across 24 samples from WGS results. Notably, 1q31.3 amplification was closely associated with the poor prognosis of PCNSL patients. Conclusion: This study further characterizes the genomic landscape of primary CNS DLBCL using WGS/WES, which provides insight into understanding the pathogenesis of PCNSL and fosters new ideas for the targeted treatment of PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zaizeng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Musheng Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Limei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingfu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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71
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From risk to chronicity: evolution of autoreactive B cell and antibody responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:371-383. [PMID: 35606567 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of disease-specific autoantibody responses and the efficacy of B cell-targeting therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) indicate a pivotal role for B cells in disease pathogenesis. Important advances have shaped our understanding of the involvement of autoantibodies and autoreactive B cells in the disease process. In RA, autoantibodies target antigens with a variety of post-translational modifications such as carbamylation, acetylation and citrullination. B cell responses against citrullinated antigens generate anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), which are themselves modified in the variable domains by abundant N-linked glycans. Insights into the induction of autoreactive B cells against antigens with post-translational modifications and the development of autoantibody features such as isotype usage, epitope recognition, avidity and glycosylation reveal their relationship to particular RA risk factors and clinical phenotypes. Glycosylation of the ACPA variable domain, for example, seems to predict RA onset in ACPA+ healthy individuals, possibly because it affects B cell receptor signalling. Moreover, ACPA-expressing B cells show dynamic phenotypic changes and develop a continuously proliferative and activated phenotype that can persist in patients who are in drug-induced clinical remission. Together, these findings can be integrated into a conceptual framework of immunological autoreactivity in RA, delineating how it develops and persists and why disease activity recurs when therapy is tapered or stopped.
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72
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Abdi IY, Ghanem SS, El-Agnaf OM. Immune-related biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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73
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Gómez Delgado I, Sánchez-Corral P. Contribution of functional and quantitative genetic variants of Complement Factor H and Factor H-Related (FHR) proteins on renal pathology. Nefrologia 2022; 42:280-289. [PMID: 36154806 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a first line of defence against infectious, tumoral or autoimmune processes, and it is constitutively regulated to avoid excessive or unspecific activation. Factor H (FH), a most relevant complement regulator, controls complement activation in plasma and on the cellular surfaces of autologous tissues. FH shares evolutionary origin and structural features with a group of plasma proteins known as FH-Related Proteins (FHRs), which could act as FH functional antagonists. Studies in patient cohorts of atypical Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome (aHUS), C3 Glomerulopathy (C3G), and IgA nephropathy (IgAN), have identified rare genetic variants that give rise to severe FH and FHRs dysfunctions, and are major genetic predisposing factors. These patients also have a higher frequency of a few polymorphisms whose relevance as disease risk factors is incompletely understood. In the last years, the availability of specific reagents has allowed a more precise quantitation of FH and FHRs in plasma samples from patients and controls. These studies have revealed that some aHUS, C3G or IgAN risk polymorphisms determine mild changes in FH or FHRs levels that could somehow perturb complement regulation and favour disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gómez Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación en Complemento, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Corral
- Grupo de Investigación en Complemento, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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74
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Brix N, Glerup M, Thiel S, Mistegaard CE, Skals RG, Berntson L, Fasth A, Nielsen SM, Nordal E, Rygg M, Hasle H, Albertsen BK, Herlin T. M-ficolin: a valuable biomarker to identify leukaemia from juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:371-376. [PMID: 34686494 PMCID: PMC8938675 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distinction on clinical grounds between acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with arthropathy (ALLarthropathy) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is difficult, as the clinical and paraclinical signs of leukaemia may be vague. The primary aim was to examine the use of lectin complement pathway proteins as markers to differentiate ALLarthropathy from JIA. The secondary aims were to compare the protein levels at baseline and follow-up in a paired number of children with ALL and to examine the correlation with haematology counts, erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), blasts, relapse and death. STUDY DESIGN In this observational study, we measured M-ficolin, CL-K1 and MASP-3 in serum from children with ALL (n=151) and JIA (n=238) by time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. Logistic regression was used for predictions of ALL risk, considering the markers as the respective exposures. We performed internal validation using repeated '10-fold cross-validation' with 100 repetitions computing the area under the curve (AUC) as well as positive and negative predictive values in order to evaluate the predictive performance. RESULTS The level of M-ficolin was higher in JIA than ALLtotal and the ALLarthropathy subgroup. The M-ficolin level normalised after remission of ALL. M-ficolin could differentiate ALL from JIA with an AUC of 94% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 95%, exceeding CRP and haemoglobin. In a dichotomised predictive model with optimal cut-offs for M-ficolin, platelets and haemoglobin, AUC was 99% and PPV 98% in detecting ALL from JIA. CONCLUSION M-ficolin is a valuable marker to differentiate the child with ALL from JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninna Brix
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mia Glerup
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Elbæk Mistegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lillemor Berntson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fasth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Susan Mary Nielsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Nordal
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marite Rygg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klug Albertsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Herlin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Nahm MH, Yu J, Calix JJ, Ganaie F. Ficolin-2 Lectin Complement Pathway Mediates Capsule-Specific Innate Immunity Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841062. [PMID: 35418983 PMCID: PMC8996173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports conflict regarding which lectin-microbial ligand interactions elicit a protective response from the lectin pathway (LP) of complement. Using fluorescent microscopy, we demonstrate the human lectin ficolin-2 binds to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 11A capsule polysaccharide dependent on the O-acetyltransferase gene wcjE. This triggers complement deposition and promotes opsonophagocytosis of encapsulated pneumococci. Even partial loss of ficolin-2 ligand expression through wcjE mutation abrogated bacterial killing. Ficolin-2 did not interact with any pneumococcal non-capsule structures, including teichoic acid. We describe multiple 11A clonal derivatives expressing varying degrees of wcjE-dependent epitopes co-isolated from single blood specimens, likely representing microevolutionary shifts towards wcjE-deficient populations during invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We find epidemiological evidence of wcjE impairing pneumococcal invasiveness, supporting that the LP's ficolin-2 axis provides innate, serotype-specific serological protection against IPD. The fact that the LP is triggered by only a few discrete carbohydrate ligands emphasizes the need to reevaluate its impact in a glycopolymer-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon H. Nahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jigui Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Juan J. Calix
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Feroze Ganaie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Discovery of APL-1030, a Novel, High-Affinity Nanofitin Inhibitor of C3-Mediated Complement Activation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030432. [PMID: 35327625 PMCID: PMC8946527 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled complement activation contributes to multiple immune pathologies. Although synthetic compstatin derivatives targeting C3 and C3b are robust inhibitors of complement activation, their physicochemical and molecular properties may limit access to specific organs, development of bifunctional moieties, and therapeutic applications requiring transgenic expression. Complement-targeting therapeutics containing only natural amino acids could enable multifunctional pharmacology, gene therapies, and targeted delivery for underserved diseases. A Nanofitin library of hyperthermophilic protein scaffolds was screened using ribosome display for C3/C3b-targeting clones mimicking compstatin pharmacology. APL-1030, a recombinant 64-residue Nanofitin, emerged as the lead candidate. APL-1030 is thermostable, binds C3 (KD, 1.59 nM) and C3b (KD, 1.11 nM), and inhibits complement activation via classical (IC50 = 110.8 nM) and alternative (IC50 = 291.3 nM) pathways in Wieslab assays. Pharmacologic activity (determined by alternative pathway inhibition) was limited to primate species of tested sera. C3b-binding sites of APL-1030 and compstatin were shown to overlap by X-ray crystallography of C3b-bound APL-1030. APL-1030 is a novel, high-affinity inhibitor of primate C3-mediated complement activation developed from natural amino acids on the hyperthermophilic Nanofitin platform. Its properties may support novel drug candidates, enabling bifunctional moieties, gene therapy, and tissue-targeted C3 pharmacologics for diseases with high unmet need.
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77
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Rekvig OP. The Anti-DNA Antibodies: Their Specificities for Unique DNA Structures and Their Unresolved Clinical Impact-A System Criticism and a Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808008. [PMID: 35087528 PMCID: PMC8786728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is diagnosed and classified by criteria, or by experience, intuition and traditions, and not by scientifically well-defined etiology(ies) or pathogenicity(ies). One central criterion and diagnostic factor is founded on theoretical and analytical approaches based on our imperfect definition of the term “The anti-dsDNA antibody”. “The anti-dsDNA antibody” holds an archaic position in SLE as a unique classification criterium and pathogenic factor. In a wider sense, antibodies to unique transcriptionally active or silent DNA structures and chromatin components may have individual and profound nephritogenic impact although not considered yet – not in theoretical nor in descriptive or experimental contexts. This hypothesis is contemplated here. In this analysis, our state-of-the-art conception of these antibodies is probed and found too deficient with respect to their origin, structural DNA specificities and clinical/pathogenic impact. Discoveries of DNA structures and functions started with Miescher’s Nuclein (1871), via Chargaff, Franklin, Watson and Crick, and continues today. The discoveries have left us with a DNA helix that presents distinct structures expressing unique operations of DNA. All structures are proven immunogenic! Unique autoimmune antibodies are described against e.g. ssDNA, elongated B DNA, bent B DNA, Z DNA, cruciform DNA, or individual components of chromatin. In light of the massive scientific interest in anti-DNA antibodies over decades, it is an unexpected observation that the spectrum of DNA structures has been known for decades without being implemented in clinical immunology. This leads consequently to a critical analysis of historical and contemporary evidence-based data and of ignored and one-dimensional contexts and hypotheses: i.e. “one antibody - one disease”. In this study radical viewpoints on the impact of DNA and chromatin immunity/autoimmunity are considered and discussed in context of the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Petter Rekvig
- Section of Autoimmunity, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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78
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Chen Y, Huang C, Chen X, Cai Y, Li W, Fang X, Zhang W. Bone protein analysis via label-free quantitative proteomics in patients with periprosthetic joint infection. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104448. [PMID: 34883267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication of arthroplasty. The treatment of PJI often requires multiple operations and long-term use of antibiotics, making PJI a substantial health and economic burden for patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the pathological mechanism of PJI to explore new therapeutic methods. This study aimed to explore proteomics changes in bone tissue around the prosthesis during PJI development, to explain the pathological mechanism and to provide new treatment ideas. Ten patients who underwent revision surgery at our institution were included: 5 patients with Staphylococcus aureus PJI and 5 patients with aseptic failure. The proteomics changes in bone tissues after PJI were investigated by label-free quantitative proteomics, and the pathways affected by the differential proteins were analyzed by GO annotation, GO enrichment analysis, KEGG enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis. We identified 435 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 213 upregulated and 222 downregulated proteins. Analysis revealed activation of immune-related pathways, such as complement and coagulation cascades, phagocytosis, and neutrophil activation, and inhibition of energy metabolism pathways represented by the TCA cycle. We also observed an altered balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts during S. aureus PJI. We hope that these processes will reveal new treatment ideas. SIGNIFICANCE: PJI is a catastrophic complication of arthroplasty. When infection occurs, bacteria may invade periprosthetic bone tissue to escape immunity and cause damage. So far, only few studies focused on the changes of proteomics associated to PJI. This is the first study to describe the proteomics changes of periprosthetic bone tissue of patients with PJI. We found that the pathological process of S. aureus PJI mainly involves activation of the immune system, decreased energy metabolism, and an altered balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changyu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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79
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Cortes C, Desler C, Mazzoli A, Chen JY, Ferreira VP. The role of properdin and Factor H in disease. Adv Immunol 2022; 153:1-90. [PMID: 35469595 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The complement system consists of three pathways (alternative, classical, and lectin) that play a fundamental role in immunity and homeostasis. The multifunctional role of the complement system includes direct lysis of pathogens, tagging pathogens for phagocytosis, promotion of inflammatory responses to control infection, regulation of adaptive cellular immune responses, and removal of apoptotic/dead cells and immune complexes from circulation. A tight regulation of the complement system is essential to avoid unwanted complement-mediated damage to the host. This regulation is ensured by a set of proteins called complement regulatory proteins. Deficiencies or malfunction of these regulatory proteins may lead to pro-thrombotic hematological diseases, renal and ocular diseases, and autoimmune diseases, among others. This review focuses on the importance of two complement regulatory proteins of the alternative pathway, Factor H and properdin, and their role in human diseases with an emphasis on: (a) characterizing the main mechanism of action of Factor H and properdin in regulating the complement system and protecting the host from complement-mediated attack, (b) describing the dysregulation of the alternative pathway as a result of deficiencies, or mutations, in Factor H and properdin, (c) outlining the clinical findings, management and treatment of diseases associated with mutations and deficiencies in Factor H, and (d) defining the unwanted and inadequate functioning of properdin in disease, through a discussion of various experimental research findings utilizing in vitro, mouse and human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cortes
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States.
| | - Caroline Desler
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Amanda Mazzoli
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Jin Y Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Alternative Splicing (AS) Mechanism Provides Insights into Salinity Adaptation in the Livers of Three Euryhaline Teleosts, including Scophthalmus maximus, Cynoglossus semilaevis and Oncorhynchus mykiss. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020222. [PMID: 35205090 PMCID: PMC8869236 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Alternative splicing (AS) is a key post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that acts an important regulator in response to environmental stimuli in organisms. In the present study, 18 RNA-Seq datasets were utilized to investigate the potential roles of AS in response to different salinity environments in the livers of three euryhaline teleosts, including turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The results indicated that different salinity environments changed the splicing patterns of numerous RNA splicing regulators, which might affect the splicing decisions of many downstream target genes in response to salinity changes. This study provides preliminary evidence for the important roles of AS events in salinity adaptation in teleosts. Abstract Salinity is an important environmental factor that directly affects the survival of aquatic organisms, including fish. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of salinity adaptation at post-transcriptional regulation levels is still poorly understood in fish. In the present study, 18 RNA-Seq datasets were utilized to investigate the potential roles of alternative splicing (AS) in response to different salinity environments in the livers of three euryhaline teleosts, including turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total of 10,826, 10,741 and 10,112 AS events were identified in the livers of the three species. The characteristics of these AS events were systematically investigated. Furthermore, a total of 940, 590 and 553 differentially alternative splicing (DAS) events were determined and characterized in the livers of turbot, tongue sole and steelhead trout, respectively, between low- and high-salinity environments. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these DAS genes in the livers of three species were commonly enriched in some GO terms and KEGG pathways associated with RNA processing. The most common DAS genes work as RNA-binding proteins and play crucial roles in the regulation of RNA splicing. The study provides new insights into uncovering the molecular mechanisms of salinity adaptation in teleosts.
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Zhu XC, Liu L, Dai WZ, Ma T. Crry silencing alleviates Alzheimer's disease injury by regulating neuroinflammatory cytokines and the complement system. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1841-1849. [PMID: 35017447 PMCID: PMC8820699 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (CR1) expression is positively related to the abundance of phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (tau), and CR1 expression is associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease. However, the exact role of CR1 in tau protein-associated neurodegenerative diseases is unknown. In this study, we show that the mouse Cr1-related protein Y (Crry) gene, Crry, is localized to microglia. We also found that Crry protein expression in the hippocampus and cortex was significantly elevated in P301S mice (a mouse model widely used for investigating tau pathology) compared with that in wild-type mice. Tau protein phosphorylation (at serine 202, threonine 205, threonine 231, and serine 262) and expression of the major tau kinases glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 were greater in P301S mice than in wild-type mice. Crry silencing by lentivirus-transfected short hairpin RNA led to greatly reduced tau phosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 activity. Crry silencing reduced neuronal apoptosis and rescued cognitive impairment of P301S mice. Crry silencing also reduced the levels of the neuroinflammatory factors interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 and the complement components complement 3 and complement component 3b. Our results suggest that Crry silencing in the P301S mouse model reduces tau protein phosphorylation by reducing the levels of neuroinflammation and complement components, thereby improving cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Zhuo Dai
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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82
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Poveda-Jaramillo R. Coronavirus disease 2019-induced hypercoagulability and its clinical implications. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2021; 30:515-523. [PMID: 34930050 DOI: 10.1177/02184923211069185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is the disease produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, which is introduced into the host's cell thanks to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Once there, it uses the cell's machinery to multiply itself. In this process, it generates an immune response that stimulates the lymphocytes to produce cytokines and reactive oxygen species that begin to deteriorate the endothelial cell. Complement activation, through the complement attack complex and C5a, contributes to this endothelial damage. The different mediators further promote the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelial surface, which encourages all blood cells to adhere to the endothelial surface to form small conglomerates, called clots, which obstruct the lumen of the small blood vessels. Furthermore, the mediators of clot lysis are inhibited. All this promotes a prothrombotic environment within the pulmonary capillaries that is reflected in the elevation of D-dimer. The only solution for this cascade of events seems to be the implementation of an effective anticoagulation protocol that early counteracts the changes induced by thrombi in the pulmonary circulation and reflected in the functioning of the right ventricle.
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83
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Berkowitz S, Chapman J, Dori A, Gofrit SG, Maggio N, Shavit-Stein E. Complement and Coagulation System Crosstalk in Synaptic and Neural Conduction in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121950. [PMID: 34944766 PMCID: PMC8698364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement and coagulation are both key systems that defend the body from harm. They share multiple features and are similarly activated. They each play individual roles in the systemic circulation in physiology and pathophysiology, with significant crosstalk between them. Components from both systems are mapped to important structures in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Complement and coagulation participate in critical functions in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. During pathophysiological states, complement and coagulation factors are upregulated and can modulate synaptic transmission and neuronal conduction. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the roles of the complement system and the coagulation cascade in the CNS and PNS. Possible crosstalk between the two systems regarding neuroinflammatory-related effects on synaptic transmission and neuronal conduction is explored. Novel treatment based on the modulation of crosstalk between complement and coagulation may perhaps help to alleviate neuroinflammatory effects in diseased states of the CNS and PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Berkowitz
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 6997801, Israel
| | - Shany Guly Gofrit
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-50-921-0400
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84
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Thomas AM, Chaban V, Pischke SE, Orrem HL, Bosnes V, Sunde K, Seljeflot I, Lundqvist C, Nakstad ER, Andersen GØ, Schjalm C, Mollnes TE, Barratt-Due A. Complement ratios C3bc/C3 and sC5b-9/C5 do not increase the sensitivity of detecting acute complement activation systemically. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:273-279. [PMID: 34906905 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement activation plays an important pathogenic role in numerous diseases. The ratio between an activation product and its parent protein is suggested to be more sensitive to detect complement activation than the activation product itself. In the present study we explored whether the ratio between the activation product and the parent protein for C3 (C3bc/C3) and for C5 (sC5b-9/C5) increased the sensitivity to detect complement activation in acute clinical settings compared to the activation product alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from patients with acute heart failure following ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and from patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) were used. C3, C3bc and C5, sC5b-9 were analysed in 629 and 672 patient samples, respectively. Healthy controls (n = 20) served to determine reference cut-off values for activation products and ratios, defined as two SD above the mean. RESULTS Increased C3bc/C3- and sC5b-9/C5 ratios were vastly dependent on C3bc and sC5b-9. Thus, 99.5 % and 98.1 % of the increased C3bc/C3- and sC5b-9/C5 ratios were solely dependent on increased C3bc and sC5b-9, respectively. Significantly decreased C3 and C5 caused increased ratios in only 3/600 (0.5 %) and 4/319 (1.3 %) samples, respectively. Strong correlations between C3bc and C3bc/C3-ratio and between sC5b-9 and sC5b-9/C5-ratio were found in the STEMI- (r = 0.926 and r = 0.786, respectively) and the OHCA-population (r = 0.908 and r = 0.843, respectively; p < 0.0001 for all). Importantly, sC5b-9 identified worse outcome groups better than sC5b-9/C5-ratio. CONCLUSION C3bc and sC5b-9 were sensitive markers of complement activation. The ratios of C3bc/C3 and sC5b-9/C5 did not improve detection of complement activation systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anub Mathew Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway
| | - Viktoriia Chaban
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren E Pischke
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Hilde Lang Orrem
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Vidar Bosnes
- Department of Immunology, Section of Medical Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sunde
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Christofer Lundqvist
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Rostrup Nakstad
- Norwegian National Unit for CBRNE Medicine, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Camilla Schjalm
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
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85
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Freiwald T, Afzali B. Renal diseases and the role of complement: Linking complement to immune effector pathways and therapeutics. Adv Immunol 2021; 152:1-81. [PMID: 34844708 PMCID: PMC8905641 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient and phylogenetically conserved key danger sensing system that is critical for host defense against pathogens. Activation of the complement system is a vital component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of pathogens. It is also a central orchestrator of adaptive immune responses and a constituent of normal tissue homeostasis. Once complement activation occurs, this system deposits indiscriminately on any cell surface in the vicinity and has the potential to cause unwanted and excessive tissue injury. Deposition of complement components is recognized as a hallmark of a variety of kidney diseases, where it is indeed associated with damage to the self. The provenance and the pathophysiological role(s) played by complement in each kidney disease is not fully understood. However, in recent years there has been a renaissance in the study of complement, with greater appreciation of its intracellular roles as a cell-intrinsic system and its interplay with immune effector pathways. This has been paired with a profusion of novel therapeutic agents antagonizing complement components, including approved inhibitors against complement components (C)1, C3, C5 and C5aR1. A number of clinical trials have investigated the use of these more targeted approaches for the management of kidney diseases. In this review we present and summarize the evidence for the roles of complement in kidney diseases and discuss the available clinical evidence for complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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86
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Qian Z, Shang D, Fan L, Zhang J, Ji L, Chen K, Zhao R. Heterogeneity analysis of the immune microenvironment in laryngeal carcinoma revealed potential prognostic biomarkers. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1487-1499. [PMID: 34791236 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) is the second most prevalent malignancy occurring in the head and neck with a high incidence and mortality rate. Immunotherapy has recently become an emerging treatment for cancer. It is therefore essential to explore the role of tumour immunity in laryngeal cancer. Our study first delineated and evaluated the comprehensive immune infiltration landscapes of the tumour microenvironment in LSCC. A hierarchical clustering method was applied to classify the LSCC samples into two groups (high- and low-infiltration groups). We found that individuals with low immune infiltration characteristics had significantly better survival than those in the high-infiltration group, possibly because of the elevated infiltration of immune suppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), in the high-infiltration group. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were involved in some immune-related terms, such as antigen processing and presentation. A univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were performed to identify an immune gene-set-based prognostic signature (IBPS) to assess the risk of LSCC. The prognostic model comprising six IBPSs was successfully verified to be robust in different cohorts. The expression of the six IBPSs was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 110 cases of LSCC. In addition, different inflammatory profiles and immune checkpoint landscape of LSCC were found between two groups. Hence, our model could serve as a candidate immunotherapeutic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Desi Shang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linhao Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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87
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Adjuvant Lineage-Negative Cell Therapy as a Potential Silencer of the Complement-Mediated Immune System in ALS Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225251. [PMID: 34830531 PMCID: PMC8624979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS remains a fatal, neurodegenerative motor neuron disease. Numerous studies seem to confirm that innate immune system is involved in the pathophysiology of ALS. Hence, the assessment of the complement system and attempts to modify its activity remain the target of medical intervention in ALS. In the present study, three intrathecal administrations of autologous bone marrow-derived lineage-negative (Lin–) cells were performed every 6 weeks in 20 sporadic ALS patients. The concentrations of various complement components in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma at different time points after cell injection were quantified using a Luminex multiplex. The results of the complement system were correlated with the level of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, fibrinogen and CRP in the peripheral blood and the functional status of ALS patients using Norris and ALS-FRSr scales. The study showed a statistically significant decrease in plasma C3b concentration in all 7th days after cell application. In parallel, a peak decrease in neutrophil count and CRP level was observed on days 5–7, with a simultaneous maximum clinical improvement on days 7–28 of each Lin– cell administration. Adjuvant Lin– cell therapy appears to have the silencing potential on the complement-mediated immune system and thus suppress pro-inflammatory reactions responsible for neurodegeneration. However, further in-depth studies are necessary to address this issue.
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88
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Soteros BM, Sia GM. Complement and microglia dependent synapse elimination in brain development. WIREs Mech Dis 2021; 14:e1545. [PMID: 34738335 PMCID: PMC9066608 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Synapse elimination, also known as synaptic pruning, is a critical step in the maturation of neural circuits during brain development. Mounting evidence indicates that the complement cascade of the innate immune system plays an important role in synapse elimination. Studies indicate that excess synapses during development are opsonized by complement proteins and subsequently phagocytosed by microglia which expresses complement receptors. The process is regulated by diverse molecular signals, including complement inhibitors that affect the activation of complement, as well as signals that affect microglial recruitment and activation. These signals may promote or inhibit the removal of specific sets of synapses during development. The complement-microglia system has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several developmental brain disorders, suggesting that the dysregulation of mechanisms of synapse pruning may underlie the specific circuitry defects in these diseases. Here, we review the latest evidence on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of complement-dependent and microglia-dependent synapse elimination during brain development, and highlight the potential of this system as a therapeutic target for developmental brain disorders. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breeanne M Soteros
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Gek Ming Sia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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89
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Soluble Urokinase Receptor as a Promising Marker for Early Prediction of Outcome in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214914. [PMID: 34768433 PMCID: PMC8584815 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread to become a global pandemic, putting a strain on health care systems. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with mild symptoms or, in severe cases, lead patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) or death. The critically ill patients suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, thrombotic complications and multiple organ failure. For optimization of hospital resources, several molecular markers and algorithms have been evaluated in order to stratify COVID-19 patients, based on the risk of developing a mild, moderate, or severe disease. Here, we propose the soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) as a serum biomarker of clinical severity and outcome in patients who are hospitalized with COVID-19. In patients with mild disease course, suPAR levels were increased as compared to healthy controls, but they were dramatically higher in severely ill patients. Since early identification of disease progression may facilitate the individual management of COVID-19 symptomatic patients and the time of admission to the ICU, we suggest paying more clinical attention on patients with high suPAR levels.
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90
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Chang LC, Hsu YC, Chiu HM, Ueda K, Wu MS, Kao CH, Shen TL. Exploration of the Proteomic Landscape of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Serum as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732743. [PMID: 34589434 PMCID: PMC8473825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening via a stool test and colonoscopy is suboptimal, but participation can be improved by the development of a blood test. However, the suboptimal detection abilities of blood tests for advanced neoplasia, including advanced adenoma (AA) and CRC, limit their application. We aimed to investigate the proteomic landscape of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from the serum of patients with colorectal neoplasia and identify specific sEV proteins that could serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Materials and Methods We enrolled 100 patients including 13 healthy subjects, 12 non-AAs, 13 AAs, and 16 stage-I, 15 stage-II, 16 stage-III, and 15 stage-IV CRCs. These patients were classified as normal control, early neoplasia, and advanced neoplasia. The sEV proteome was explored by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized association plots were used to integrate the clustering methods, visualize the data matrix, and analyze the relationship. The specific sEV biomarkers were identified by a decision tree via Orange3 software. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis platform. Results The sEV protein matrix was identified from the serum of 100 patients and contained 3353 proteins, of which 1921 proteins from 98 patients were finally analyzed. Compared with the normal control, subjects with early and advanced neoplasia exhibited a distinct proteomic distribution in the data matrix plot. Six sEV proteins were identified, namely, GCLM, KEL, APOF, CFB, PDE5A, and ATIC, which properly distinguished normal control, early neoplasia, and advanced neoplasia patients from each other. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that APOF+ and CFB+ sEV associated with clathrin-mediated endocytosis signaling and the complement system, which have critical implications for CRC carcinogenesis. Conclusion Patients with colorectal neoplasia had a distinct sEV proteome expression pattern in serum compared with those patients who were healthy and did not have neoplasms. Moreover, the six identified specific sEV proteins had the potential to discriminate colorectal neoplasia between early-stage and advanced neoplasia. Collectively, our study provided a six-sEV protein biomarker panel for CRC diagnosis at early or advanced stages. Furthermore, the implication of the sEV proteome in CRC carcinogenesis via specific signaling pathways was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-How Kao
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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91
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Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 cleaves plasminogen and plasma fibronectin: prefers plasminogen over known fibrinogen substrate. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2021; 32:504-512. [PMID: 34650023 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1) is known to interact with complement and coagulation pathways. Recently it was reported that MASP-1 interacts with the fibrinolytic system but details remain unclear. The objective of the study is to find MASP-1 substrates that participate in the fibrinolytic system. Commercially available fibrinogen might contain some impurities. Fibrinogen was treated with MASP-1 followed by analysis on SDS-PAGE and the obtained cleaved fragments were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight/time of flight. Functional analysis of identified substrate was confirmed by fluorogenic and turbidimetric assay. Statistical analysis was done by using the Student t test. This study reports that plasminogen and plasma fibronectin are two hitherto unknown substrates of MASP-1. Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin like molecule by MASP-1 was confirmed by cleavage of plasmin specific substrate and digestion of fibrin clot. The role of MASP-1 in clot dissolution was confirmed by turbidity assay. Our study shows that MASP-1 selects plasminogen over fibrinogen to be a preferable substrate. MASP-1 promotes the fibrinolytic activity by the generation of plasmin like molecule from plasminogen and further destabilizes the clot by digestion of plasma fibronectin.
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92
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Kohansal Vajari M, Shirin M, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Akbari ME, Abolghasemi H, Bashash D. COVID-19-related coagulopathy: A review of pathophysiology and pharmaceutical management. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1832-1850. [PMID: 33945651 PMCID: PMC8239905 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
December 2019 will never be forgotten in the history of medicine when an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China sooner or later prompted the World Health Organization to issue a public health warning emergency. This is not the first nor will it be the last time that a member of β-coronaviruses (CoVs) is waging a full-scale war against human health. Notwithstanding the fact that pneumonia is the primary symptom of the novel coronavirus (2019nCoV; designated as SARS-CoV-2), the emergence of severe disease mainly due to the injury of nonpulmonary organs at the shadow of coagulopathy leaves no choice, in some cases, rather than a dreadful death. Multiple casual factors such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet and complement activation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system derangement, and hypoxemia play a major role in the pathogenesis of coagulopathy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Due to the undeniable role of coagulation dysfunction in the initiation of several complications, assessment of coagulation parameters and the platelet count would be beneficial in early diagnosis and also timely prediction of disease severity. Although low-molecular-weight heparin is considered as the first-line of treatment in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, several possible therapeutic options have also been proposed for better management of the disease. In conclusion, this review would help us to gain insight into the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and laboratory findings associated with COVID-19 coagulopathy and would summarize management strategies to alleviate coagulopathy-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Kohansal Vajari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shirin
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Department of General Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolghasemi
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Mofid Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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93
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Abstract
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Native mass spectrometry
(MS) involves the analysis and characterization
of macromolecules, predominantly intact proteins and protein complexes,
whereby as much as possible the native structural features of the
analytes are retained. As such, native MS enables the study of secondary,
tertiary, and even quaternary structure of proteins and other biomolecules.
Native MS represents a relatively recent addition to the analytical
toolbox of mass spectrometry and has over the past decade experienced
immense growth, especially in enhancing sensitivity and resolving
power but also in ease of use. With the advent of dedicated mass analyzers,
sample preparation and separation approaches, targeted fragmentation
techniques, and software solutions, the number of practitioners and
novel applications has risen in both academia and industry. This review
focuses on recent developments, particularly in high-resolution native
MS, describing applications in the structural analysis of protein
assemblies, proteoform profiling of—among others—biopharmaceuticals
and plasma proteins, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of
protein–ligand interactions, with the latter covering lipid,
drug, and carbohydrate molecules, to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits A den Boer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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94
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The complement cascade in the regulation of neuroinflammation, nociceptive sensitization, and pain. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101085. [PMID: 34411562 PMCID: PMC8446806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade is a key component of the innate immune system that is rapidly recruited through a cascade of enzymatic reactions to enable the recognition and clearance of pathogens and promote tissue repair. Despite its well-understood role in immunology, recent studies have highlighted new and unexpected roles of the complement cascade in neuroimmune interaction and in the regulation of neuronal processes during development, aging, and in disease states. Complement signaling is particularly important in directing neuronal responses to tissue injury, neurotrauma, and nerve lesions. Under physiological conditions, complement-dependent changes in neuronal excitability, synaptic strength, and neurite remodeling promote nerve regeneration, tissue repair, and healing. However, in a variety of pathologies, dysregulation of the complement cascade leads to chronic inflammation, persistent pain, and neural dysfunction. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the multifaceted cross-communication that takes place between the complement system and neurons. In particular, we focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which complement signaling regulates neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity in the nociceptive pathways involved in pain processing in both health and disease. Finally, we discuss the future of this rapidly growing field and what we believe to be the significant knowledge gaps that need to be addressed.
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95
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Gregersen E, Betzer C, Kim WS, Kovacs G, Reimer L, Halliday GM, Thiel S, Jensen PH. Alpha-synuclein activates the classical complement pathway and mediates complement-dependent cell toxicity. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:177. [PMID: 34399786 PMCID: PMC8369722 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synucleinopathies are characterized by neurodegeneration and deposition of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein in pathological protein inclusions. Growing evidence suggests the complement system not only has physiological functions in the central nervous system, but also is involved in mediating the pathological loss of synapses in Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is not established whether the complement system has a similar role in the diseases Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy (MSA) that are associated with α-synuclein aggregate pathology. Methods To investigate if the complement system has a pathological role in synucleinopathies, we assessed the effect of the complement system on the viability of an α-synuclein expressing cell model and examined direct activation of the complement system by α-synuclein in a plate-based activation assay. Finally, we investigated the levels of the initiator of the classical pathway, C1q, in postmortem brain samples from MSA patients. Results We demonstrate that α-synuclein activates the classical complement pathway and mediates complement-dependent toxicity in α-synuclein expressing SH-SY5Y cells. The α-synuclein-dependent cellular toxicity was rescued by the complement inhibitors RaCI (inhibiting C5) and Cp20 (inhibiting C3). Furthermore, we observed a trend for higher levels of C1q in the putamen of MSA subjects than that of controls. Conclusion α-Synuclein can activate the classical complement pathway, and the complement system is involved in α-synuclein-dependent cellular cytotoxicity suggesting the system could play a prodegenerative role in synucleinopathies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02225-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Gregersen
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cristine Betzer
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Woojin S Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gergo Kovacs
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lasse Reimer
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- DANDRITE, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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96
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Gómez Delgado I, Sánchez-Corral P. Contribution of functional and quantitative genetic variants of Complement Factor H and Factor H-Related (FHR) proteins on renal pathology. Nefrologia 2021; 42:S0211-6995(21)00146-6. [PMID: 34412931 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a first line of defence against infectious, tumoral or autoimmune processes, and it is constitutively regulated to avoid excessive or unspecific activation. Factor H (FH), a most relevant complement regulator, controls complement activation in plasma and on the cellular surfaces of autologous tissues. FH shares evolutionary origin and structural features with a group of plasma proteins known as FH-Related Proteins (FHRs), which could act as FH functional antagonists. Studies in patient cohorts of atypical Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome (aHUS), C3 Glomerulopathy (C3G), and IgA nephropathy (IgAN), have identified rare genetic variants that give rise to severe FH and FHRs dysfunctions, and are major genetic predisposing factors. These patients also have a higher frequency of a few polymorphisms whose relevance as disease risk factors is incompletely understood. In the last years, the availability of specific reagents has allowed a more precise quantitation of FH and FHRs in plasma samples from patients and controls. These studies have revealed that some aHUS, C3G or IgAN risk polymorphisms determine mild changes in FH or FHRs levels that could somehow perturb complement regulation and favour disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gómez Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación en Complemento, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Corral
- Grupo de Investigación en Complemento, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, España.
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97
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Lindholm Carlström E, Niazi A, Etemadikhah M, Halvardson J, Enroth S, Stockmeier CA, Rajkowska G, Nilsson B, Feuk L. Transcriptome Analysis of Post-Mortem Brain Tissue Reveals Up-Regulation of the Complement Cascade in a Subgroup of Schizophrenia Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1242. [PMID: 34440415 PMCID: PMC8393670 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a genetically complex neuropsychiatric disorder with largely unresolved mechanisms of pathology. Identification of genes and pathways associated with schizophrenia is important for understanding the development, progression and treatment of schizophrenia. In this study, pathways associated with schizophrenia were explored at the level of gene expression. The study included post-mortem brain tissue samples from 68 schizophrenia patients and 44 age and sex-matched control subjects. Whole transcriptome poly-A selected paired-end RNA sequencing was performed on tissue from the prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. RNA expression differences were detected between case and control individuals, focusing both on single genes and pathways. The results were validated with RT-qPCR. Significant differential expression between patient and controls groups was found for 71 genes. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed an up-regulation of multiple genes in immune response among the patients (corrected p-value = 0.004). Several genes in the category belong to the complement system, including C1R, C1S, C7, FCN3, SERPING1, C4A and CFI. The increased complement expression is primarily driven by a subgroup of patients with increased expression of immune/inflammatory response genes, pointing to important differences in disease etiology within the patient group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis highlighted networks associated with both synaptic transmission and activation of the immune response. Our results demonstrate the importance of immune-related pathways in schizophrenia and provide evidence for elevated expression of the complement cascade as an important pathway in schizophrenia pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lindholm Carlström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (M.E.); (J.H.); (S.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Adnan Niazi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (M.E.); (J.H.); (S.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Mitra Etemadikhah
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (M.E.); (J.H.); (S.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Jonatan Halvardson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (M.E.); (J.H.); (S.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (M.E.); (J.H.); (S.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (C.A.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (M.E.); (J.H.); (S.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Lars Feuk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (M.E.); (J.H.); (S.E.); (B.N.)
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98
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Targeting Complement C3a Receptor to Improve Outcome After Ischemic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2626-2637. [PMID: 34379293 PMCID: PMC8437837 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability. No efficient therapy is currently available, except for the removal of the occluding blood clot during the first hours after symptom onset. Loss of function after stroke is due to cell death in the infarcted tissue, cell dysfunction in the peri-infarct region, as well as dysfunction and neurodegeneration in remote brain areas. Plasticity responses in spared brain regions are a major contributor to functional recovery, while secondary neurodegeneration in remote regions is associated with depression and impedes the long-term outcome after stroke. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia is the leading cause of neurological disability resulting from birth complications. Despite major progress in neonatal care, approximately 50% of survivors develop complications such as mental retardation, cerebral palsy or epilepsy. The C3a receptor (C3aR) is expressed by many cell types including neurons and glia. While there is a body of evidence for its deleterious effects in the acute phase after ischemic injury to the adult brain, C3aR signaling contributes to better outcome in the post-acute and chronic phase after ischemic stroke in adults and in the ischemic immature brain. Here we discuss recent insights into the novel roles of C3aR signaling in the ischemic brain with focus on the therapeutic opportunities of modulating C3aR activity to improve the outcome after ischemic stroke and birth asphyxia.
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Pekna M, Pekny M. The Complement System: A Powerful Modulator and Effector of Astrocyte Function in the Healthy and Diseased Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071812. [PMID: 34359981 PMCID: PMC8303424 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an effector arm of the innate immune system that plays a critical role in tissue inflammation, the elimination of pathogens and the clearance of dead cells and cell debris, has emerged as a regulator of many processes in the central nervous system, including neural cell genesis and migration, control of synapse number and function, and modulation of glial cell responses. Complement dysfunction has also been put forward as a major contributor to neurological disease. Astrocytes are neuroectoderm-derived glial cells that maintain water and ionic homeostasis, and control cerebral blood flow and multiple aspects of neuronal functioning. By virtue of their expression of soluble as well as membrane-bound complement proteins and receptors, astrocytes are able to both send and receive complement-related signals. Here we review the current understanding of the multiple functions of the complement system in the central nervous system as they pertain to the modulation of astrocyte activity, and how astrocytes use the complement system to affect their environment in the healthy brain and in the context of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-31-786-3581
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
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100
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Complement C4 Is Reduced in iPSC-Derived Astrocytes of Autism Spectrum Disorder Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147579. [PMID: 34299197 PMCID: PMC8305914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that the innate immune complement system is involved in several aspects of normal brain development and in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although abnormal expression of complement components was observed in post-mortem brain samples from individuals with ASD, little is known about the expression patterns of complement molecules in distinct cell types in the developing autistic brain. In the present study, we characterized the mRNA and protein expression profiles of a wide range of complement system components, receptors and regulators in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells, neurons and astrocytes of individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls, which constitute in vitro cellular models that recapitulate certain features of both human brain development and ASD pathophysiology. We observed that all the analyzed cell lines constitutively express several key complement molecules. Interestingly, using different quantification strategies, we found that complement C4 mRNA and protein are expressed in significantly lower levels by astrocytes derived from ASD individuals compared to control astrocytes. As astrocytes participate in synapse elimination, and diminished C4 levels have been linked to defective synaptic pruning, our findings may contribute to an increased understanding of the atypically enhanced brain connectivity in ASD.
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