51
|
Du Z, Cheng KH, Vaughn MW, Collie NL, Gollahon LS. Recognition and capture of breast cancer cells using an antibody-based platform in a microelectromechanical systems device. Biomed Microdevices 2007; 9:35-42. [PMID: 17103049 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-006-9010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases afflicting humans. The use of biomarkers specific for tumor cells has facilitated their identification. However, technology has not kept pace with the field of molecular biomarkers, leaving their potential unrealized. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of recognizing and capturing cancer cells using an antibody-based, on-chip, microfluidic device. A cancer cell capture biochip consisting of microchannels of size 2.0 cm long and 500 microm wide and deep, was etched onto Polydimethylsiloxane. Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) were coated on the inner surface of the microchannels. The overall chip measured 2.0 cm x 1.5 cm x 0.5 cm. Normal and tumor breast cells in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) suspension were flowed through the biochip channels at a rate of 15 microL/min. Breast cancer cells were preferentially captured and identified while most of normal cells passed through. The capture rates for tumor and normal cells were found to be >30% and <5%, respectively. This preliminary cancer cell capture biochip design supports our initial effort of moving a BioMEMS device, from the bench top to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Hess KR, Anderson K, Symmans WF, Valero V, Ibrahim N, Mejia JA, Booser D, Theriault RL, Buzdar AU, Dempsey PJ, Rouzier R, Sneige N, Ross JS, Vidaurre T, Gómez HL, Hortobagyi GN, Pusztai L. Pharmacogenomic predictor of sensitivity to preoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel and fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:4236-44. [PMID: 16896004 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.05.6861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed a multigene predictor of pathologic complete response (pCR) to preoperative weekly paclitaxel and fluorouracil-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide (T/FAC) chemotherapy and assessed its predictive accuracy on independent cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred thirty-three patients with stage I-III breast cancer were included. Pretreatment gene expression profiling was performed with oligonecleotide microarrays on fine-needle aspiration specimens. We developed predictors of pCR from 82 cases and assessed accuracy on 51 independent cases. RESULTS Overall pCR rate was 26% in both cohorts. In the training set, 56 probes were identified as differentially expressed between pCR versus residual disease, at a false discovery rate of 1%. We examined the performance of 780 distinct classifiers (set of genes + prediction algorithm) in full cross-validation. Many predictors performed equally well. A nominally best 30-probe set Diagonal Linear Discriminant Analysis classifier was selected for independent validation. It showed significantly higher sensitivity (92% v 61%) than a clinical predictor including age, grade, and estrogen receptor status. The negative predictive value (96% v 86%) and area under the curve (0.877 v 0.811) were nominally better but not statistically significant. The combination of genomic and clinical information yielded a predictor not significantly different from the genomic predictor alone. In 31 samples, RNA was hybridized in replicate with resulting predictions that were 97% concordant. CONCLUSION A 30-probe set pharmacogenomic predictor predicted pCR to T/FAC chemotherapy with high sensitivity and negative predictive value. This test correctly identified all but one of the patients who achieved pCR (12 of 13 patients) and all but one of those who were predicted to have residual disease had residual cancer (27 of 28 patients).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Hess
- Department of Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230-1439, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Martin NL, Saba-El-Leil MK, Sadekova S, Meloche S, Sauvageau G. EN2 is a candidate oncogene in human breast cancer. Oncogene 2006; 24:6890-901. [PMID: 16007149 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Only a few critical oncogenes have been identified in the more commonly occurring cases of sporadic breast cancer. We provide evidence that EN2 is ectopically expressed in a subset of human breast cancer and may have a causal role in mammary tumorigenesis. Nontumorigenic mammary cell lines engineered to ectopically express En-2 have a marked reduction in their cycling time, lose cell contact inhibition, become sensitive to 17-AAG treatment, fail to differentiate when exposed to lactogenic hormones and induce mammary tumors when transplanted into cleared mammary glands of syngeneic hosts. RNA interference studies suggest that EN2 expression is required for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype of a human breast tumor cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, CP 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made over the past three decades in our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical course and basic biology of breast cancer. This chapter considers the existing ancillary tests and emerging molecular markers in breast cancer prognosis assessment and the prediction of response of breast cancer to treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Ross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Fröhlich E, Mack AF, Garbe C, Klessen C. Distribution and colocalization of markers for proliferation, invasion, motility and neoangiogenesis in benign melanocytic naevi and malignant melanomas. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153:1159-65. [PMID: 16307652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanomas are heterogeneous tumours, and differentiation from other melanocytic lesions may cause problems. It may be possible that the distribution and/or colocalization pattern of different markers in the lesions can enable a more accurate diagnosis of melanocytic tumours. OBJECTIVES To test this hypothesis, melanocytic naevi, primary melanomas and metastases were investigated. METHODS The distribution and colocalization of markers for proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and motility of the tumour cells were investigated using antibodies directed against actin, cathepsin B (CatB), transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen/Ki-67 and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). In addition, melanoma markers (HMB-45 and Melan-A) and proteins unrelated to melanoma progression [epidermal growth factor (EGF) and cathepsin H] were investigated. RESULTS Malignant melanomas tended to express more markers of malignancy compared with melanocytic naevi, and the differences were statistically significant for EGF and actin immunoreactivity: melanocytic naevi displayed clear EGF labelling more often (60% vs. 5%) and melanomas showed more intense actin labelling (70% vs. 0%). HMB-45+ cells to a large extent also stained with antibodies to CatB but not to EGF or actin; EGF-, FGF-2- and VEGF-immunoreactive cells were predominantly HMB-45-. Similar combinations were observed in melanocytic naevi and in melanomas. CONCLUSIONS Labelling with EGF may improve the differential diagnosis of melanocytic neoplasias. However, we did not detect a clear-cut increase of markers of malignancy in melanoma. Cells expressing multiple malignancy markers were also found in some melanocytic naevi; this may confirm the dormant potential of melanocytic naevi for melanoma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Fröhlich
- Anatomisches Institut, Osterbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Ljuslinder I, Malmer B, Golovleva I, Thomasson M, Grankvist K, Höckenström T, Emdin S, Jonsson Y, Hedman H, Henriksson R. Increased copy number at 3p14 in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2005; 7:R719-27. [PMID: 16168117 PMCID: PMC1242137 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study was conducted to investigate if chromosome band 3p14 is of any pathogenic significance in the malignant process of breast cancer. Genetic studies have implicated a tumour suppressor gene on chromosome arm 3p and we have proposed LRIG1 at 3p14 as a candidate tumour suppressor. The LRIG1 gene encodes an integral membrane protein that counteracts signalling by receptor tyrosine kinases belonging to the ERBB family. LRIG1 mRNA and protein are expressed in many tissues, including breast tissue. METHODS In the present report we analysed the LRIG1 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), LRIG1 mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR, and LRIG1 protein by western blot analysis. Two tumour series were analysed; one series consisted of 19 tumour samples collected between 1987 and 1995 and the other series consisted of 9 tumour samples with corresponding non-neoplastic breast tissues collected consecutively. RESULTS The LRIG1 gene showed increased copy number in 11 out of 28 tumours (39%) and only one tumour showed a deletion at this locus. Increased LRIG1 copy number was associated with increased levels of LRIG1 mRNA (two of three tumours) and protein (four of four tumours) in the tumours compared to matched non-neoplastic breast tissue, as assessed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. CONCLUSION The molecular function of LRIG1 as a negative regulator of ERBB receptors questions the biological significance of increased LRIG1 copy number in breast cancer. We propose that a common, but hitherto unrecognised, breast cancer linked gene is located within an amplicon containing the LRIG1 locus at 3p14.3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ljuslinder
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Malmer
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irina Golovleva
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcus Thomasson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Stefan Emdin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Surgery, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Jonsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Hedman
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zheng W, Zheng J, Ma L, Meng F, Huang L, Ma D. Comparison of HER-2/neu, ER and PCNA expression in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with breast carcinoma. APMIS 2005; 113:175-81. [PMID: 15799760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm1130304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to compare the pattern of HER-2/neu, ER and PCNA in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with breast carcinoma to identify potential biological differences. Five hundred and forty-eight samples from 318 premenopausal and 230 postmenopausal women with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were evaluated for HER-2/neu, ER and PCNA expression by immunohistochemistry. HER-2/neu expression showed 27.4% positivity in premenopausal and 24.8% in postmenopausal women; there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). In contrast, HER-2/neu expression was found to be significantly associated with ER negativity in the two groups (p<0.05 in premenopausal, p<0.001 in postmenopausal patients). However, it was significantly associated with PCNA expression only in the postmenopausal group (p<0.001). 54.4% showed premenopausal tumor cell ER positivity, whereas 64.3% of the postmenopausal group showed positivity. ER expression showed a significant correlation with patient menopausal status (p<0.05). The prevalence of PCNA positivity in the tumor cell components is slightly higher in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women (p>0.20). The current study is consistent with reports from other groups regarding the correlation of HER-2/neu with adverse pathologic features and with expression of other markers in carcinoma. We also observed there was no trend toward increased HER-2/neu expression in either premenopausal or postmenopausal patients, i.e. there was similar HER-2/neu expression in the two groups. This suggests that HER-2/neu status could be used to determine assignment to specific intensive adjuvant therapy and evaluation of biological behavior in both pre- and postmenopausal patients with breast carcinoma.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Membrane/chemistry
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Nucleus/chemistry
- Cell Nucleus/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Postmenopause
- Premenopause
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/analysis
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zheng
- Changhai Hospital, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Kamath RV, Thor AD, Wang C, Edgerton SM, Slusarczyk A, Leary D, Wang J, Wiley E, Jovanovic B, Wu Q, Nayar R, Kovarik P, Shi F, Huang S. Perinucleolar Compartment Prevalence Has an Independent Prognostic Value for Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.246.65.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a multicomponent nuclear structure enriched with RNAs transcribed by RNA pol III and RNA binding proteins. Studies in cultured cells showed an association between PNC and transformed phenotype. To evaluate the relationship between structure and malignancy in vivo, we examined PNC prevalence (the percentage of cells containing at least one PNC) in normal and cancerous paraffin-embedded breast tissues using immunohistochemistry against a PNC-associated protein. Five hundred nuclei in the most active area of each sample were scored for PNC prevalence. The results show that PNC prevalence significantly correlates with the progression of breast cancer (by the criteria of staging). PNC prevalence in primary tumors, lymph nodes, and distant metastases shows a stepwise increase from a median of 23% in primary tumors to ∼100% in distant metastases. In addition, univariate and multivariate (controlling for tumor size and grade) analyses show that early-stage patients with invasive ductal carcinomas containing a higher PNC prevalence have a significantly poorer prognosis. These findings link PNC prevalence with the progression of breast cancer in vivo and suggest that PNC-containing cells have metastatic advantages. These findings also show the potential of PNC prevalence as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann D. Thor
- 5Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Chen Wang
- 1Cell and Molecular Biology, Departments of
| | - Susan M. Edgerton
- 5Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | | | - D.J. Leary
- 1Cell and Molecular Biology, Departments of
| | - J. Wang
- 5Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | | | - B. Jovanovic
- 3Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School
| | - Q. Wu
- 6Department of Pathology, Sun Yet-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - P. Kovarik
- 4Department of Pathology, John H. Stroger, Jr., Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
| | - F. Shi
- 4Department of Pathology, John H. Stroger, Jr., Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sui Huang
- 1Cell and Molecular Biology, Departments of
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
|