51
|
Bhagchandani S, Johnson JA, Irvine DJ. Evolution of Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist therapeutics and their delivery approaches: From antiviral formulations to vaccine adjuvants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113803. [PMID: 34058283 PMCID: PMC9003539 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoquinoline derivatives (IMDs) and related compounds function as synthetic agonists of Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) and one is FDA approved for topical antiviral and skin cancer treatments. Nevertheless, these innate immune system-activating drugs have potentially much broader therapeutic utility; they have been pursued as antitumor immunomodulatory agents and more recently as candidate vaccine adjuvants for cancer and infectious disease. The broad expression profiles of TLR7/8, poor pharmacokinetic properties of IMDs, and toxicities associated with systemic administration, however, are formidable barriers to successful clinical translation. Herein, we review IMD formulations that have advanced to the clinic and discuss issues related to biodistribution and toxicity that have hampered the further development of these compounds. Recent strategies aimed at enhancing safety and efficacy, particularly through the use of bioconjugates and nanoparticle formulations that alter pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and cellular targeting, are described. Finally, key aspects of the biology of TLR7 signaling, such as TLR7 tolerance, that may need to be considered in the development of new IMD therapeutics are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Bhagchandani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Malik V, Ramesh A, Kulkarni AA. TLR7/8 Agonist and SHP2 Inhibitor Loaded Nanoparticle Enhances Macrophage Immunotherapy Efficacy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Malik
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Anujan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Ashish A. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chatzikleanthous D, O'Hagan DT, Adamo R. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Delivery of Vaccine Adjuvants and Antigens: Toward Multicomponent Vaccines. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2867-2888. [PMID: 34264684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the many advances that have occurred in the field of vaccine adjuvants, there are still unmet needs that may enable the development of vaccines suitable for more challenging pathogens (e.g., HIV and tuberculosis) and for cancer vaccines. Liposomes have already been shown to be highly effective as adjuvant/delivery systems due to their versatility and likely will find further uses in this space. The broad potential of lipid-based delivery systems is highlighted by the recent approval of COVID-19 vaccines comprising lipid nanoparticles with encapsulated mRNA. This review provides an overview of the different approaches that can be evaluated for the design of lipid-based vaccine adjuvant/delivery systems for protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid-based antigens and how these strategies might be combined to develop multicomponent vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despo Chatzikleanthous
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, U.K.,GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Kerzeli IK, Lord M, Doroszko M, Elgendy R, Chourlia A, Stepanek I, Larsson E, van Hooren L, Nelander S, Malmstrom PU, Dragomir A, Segersten U, Mangsbo SM. Single-cell RNAseq and longitudinal proteomic analysis of a novel semi-spontaneous urothelial cancer model reveals tumor cell heterogeneity and pretumoral urine protein alterations. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253178. [PMID: 34232958 PMCID: PMC8262791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer, one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, remains hard to classify due to a staggering molecular complexity. Despite a plethora of diagnostic tools and therapies, it is hard to outline the key steps leading up to the transition from high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Carcinogen-induced murine models can recapitulate urothelial carcinogenesis and natural anti-tumor immunity. Herein, we have developed and profiled a novel model of progressive NMIBC based on 10 weeks of OH-BBN exposure in hepatocyte growth factor/cyclin dependent kinase 4 (R24C) (Hgf-Cdk4R24C) mice. The profiling of the model was performed by histology grading, single cell transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, while the derivation of a tumorigenic cell line was validated and used to assess in vivo anti-tumor effects in response to immunotherapy. Established NMIBC was present in females at 10 weeks post OH-BBN exposure while neoplasia was not as advanced in male mice, however all mice progressed to MIBC. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed an intratumoral heterogeneity also described in the human disease trajectory. Moreover, although immune activation biomarkers were elevated in urine during carcinogen exposure, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1) monotherapy did not prevent tumor progression. Furthermore, anti-PD1 immunotherapy did not control the growth of subcutaneous tumors formed by the newly derived urothelial cancer cell line. However, treatment with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) significantly decreased tumor volume, but only in females. In conclusion, the molecular map of this novel preclinical model of bladder cancer provides an opportunity to further investigate pharmacological therapies ahead with regards to both targeted drugs and immunotherapies to improve the strategies of how we should tackle the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment in urothelial bladder cancer to improve responses rates in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iliana K. Kerzeli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Lord
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milena Doroszko
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramy Elgendy
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aikaterini Chourlia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ivan Stepanek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elinor Larsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luuk van Hooren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Uno Malmstrom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anca Dragomir
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Segersten
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara M. Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Lee D, Huntoon K, Wang Y, Jiang W, Kim BYS. Harnessing Innate Immunity Using Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007576. [PMID: 34050699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the field of immuno-oncology and established the foundation for developing various new therapies that can surpass conventional cancer treatments. Most recent immunotherapeutic strategies have focused on adaptive immune responses by targeting T cell-activating pathways, genetic engineering of T cells with chimeric antigen receptors, or bispecific antibodies. Despite the unprecedented clinical success, these T cell-based treatments have only benefited a small proportion of patients. Thus, the need for the next generation of cancer immunotherapy is driven by identifying novel therapeutic molecules or new immunoengineered cells. To maximize the therapeutic potency via innate immunogenicity, the convergence of innate immunity-based therapy and biomaterials is required to yield an efficient index in clinical trials. This review highlights how biomaterials can efficiently reprogram and recruit innate immune cells in tumors and ultimately initiate activation of T cell immunity against advanced cancers. Moreover, the design and specific biomaterials that improve innate immune cells' targeting ability to selectively activate immunogenicity with minimal adverse effects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DaeYong Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Varshney D, Qiu SY, Graf TP, McHugh KJ. Employing Drug Delivery Strategies to Overcome Challenges Using TLR7/8 Agonists for Cancer Immunotherapy. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:90. [PMID: 34181117 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a potential target for cancer immunotherapy due to their role in the activation of the innate immune system. More specifically, TLR7 and TLR8, two structurally similar pattern recognition receptors that trigger interferon and cytokine responses, have proven to be therapeutically relevant targets for cancer in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. When triggered by an agonist, such as imiquimod or resiquimod, the TLR7/8 activation pathway induces cellular and humoral immune responses that can kill cancer cells with high specificity. Unfortunately, TLR7/8 agonists also present a number of issues that must be overcome prior to broad clinical implementation, such as poor drug solubility and systemic toxic effects. To overcome the key limitations of TLR7/8 agonists as a cancer therapy, biomaterial-based drug delivery systems have been developed. These delivery devices are highly diverse in their design and include systems that can be directly administered to the tumor, passively accumulated in relevant cancerous and lymph tissues, triggered by environmental stimuli, or actively targeted to specific physiological areas and cellular populations. In addition to improved delivery systems, recent studies have also demonstrated the potential benefits of TLR7/8 agonist co-delivery with other types of therapies, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and chemotherapeutics, which can yield impressive anti-cancer effects. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of TLR7/8 agonist delivery systems and provide perspective on promising future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Varshney
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Sherry Yue Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Tyler P Graf
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Kundu B, Raychaudhuri D, Mukherjee A, Sinha BP, Sarkar D, Bandopadhyay P, Pal S, Das N, Dey D, Ramarao K, Nagireddy K, Ganguly D, Talukdar A. Systematic Optimization of Potent and Orally Bioavailable Purine Scaffold as a Dual Inhibitor of Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 9. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9279-9301. [PMID: 34142551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several toll-like receptors (TLRs) reside inside endosomes of specific immune cells-among them, aberrant activation of TLR7 and TLR9 is implicated in myriad contexts of autoimmune diseases, making them promising therapeutic targets. However, small-molecule TLR7 and TLR9 antagonists are not yet available for clinical use. We illustrate here the importance of C2, C6, and N9 substitutions in the purine scaffold for antagonism to TLR7 and TLR9 through structure-activity relationship studies using cellular reporter assays and functional studies on primary human immune cells. Further in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies identified an orally bioavailable lead compound 29, with IC50 values of 0.08 and 2.66 μM against TLR9 and TLR7, respectively. Isothermal titration calorimetry excluded direct TLR ligand-antagonist interactions. In vivo antagonism efficacy against mouse TLR9 and therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical murine model of psoriasis highlighted the potential of compound 29 as a therapeutic candidate in relevant autoimmune contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Kundu
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Deblina Raychaudhuri
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Mukherjee
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Dipika Sarkar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Purbita Bandopadhyay
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sourav Pal
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nirmal Das
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debdeep Dey
- Tata Medical Center, Newtown, Kolkata 700160, West Bengal, India
| | - Kantubhukta Ramarao
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Kasireddy Nagireddy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arindam Talukdar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Sallam MA, Wyatt Shields Iv C, Prakash S, Kim J, Pan DC, Mitragotri S. A dual macrophage polarizer conjugate for synergistic melanoma therapy. J Control Release 2021; 335:333-344. [PMID: 34048840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a paradoxical role in the fate of aggressive tumors like melanoma. Immune modulation of TAMs from the tumor-permissive M2 phenotype to antitumoral M1 phenotype is an emerging attractive approach in melanoma therapy. Resiquimod is a TLR7/8 agonist that shifts the polarization of macrophages towards M1 phenotype. Bexarotene (BEX) is a retinoid that induce the expression of phagocytic receptors in macrophages besides its ability to downregulate the M2 polarization. However, the clinical use of both agents is hindered by poor pharmacokinetic properties. Here, for the first time we repurposed BEX based on its immunomodulatory properties and combined it with RES by designing hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates of both drugs that act synergistically as a dual macrophage polarizer to promote the M1 phenotype and suppress the M2 phenotype. This combination enhanced the macrophage secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), while suppressing the production of tumor promoting cytokine CCL22. It enhanced the macrophage phagocytic ability and showed superior inhibitory effects against B16F10 cells. In vivo studies on a mouse melanoma model confirmed the superiority of the dual conjugate compared to the single HA-drug conjugates in suppressing the tumor growth. Immunoprofiling of the excised tumors revealed a significant increase in the M1/M2 ratio of TAMs in mice treated with the dual conjugate. Our intravenously injectable HA conjugate of RES and BEX provides a promising immunotherapeutic combination strategy for resetting the M1/M2 ratio, supporting the tumoricidal activity of TAMs for effective melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Sallam
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Industrial pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521, Egypt
| | - C Wyatt Shields Iv
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Supriya Prakash
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel C Pan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Theile D, Wagner L, Haefeli WE, Weiss J. In vitro evidence suggesting that the toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonist resiquimod (R-848) unlikely affects drug levels of co-administered compounds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105826. [PMID: 33813039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Resiquimod (R-848) is an immune response modifier activating toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Its potential to cause pharmacokinetic interactions with concurrently administered drugs is unknown. To study the time course of the effect of resiquimod in LS180 cells as a model for intestinal tissue, luciferase-based reporter gene assays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate whether resiquimod affects the activities of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB), pregnane x receptor (PXR) or the transcription of selected central genes for drug disposition (cytochrome P-450 isozyme 3A4 (CYP3A4), CYP1A1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCC2, ABCB1). Its impact on the activities of organic anion transporting polypeptides 1 or 3 (OATP1B1/3), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or CYP3A4 was evaluated using fluorescence- or luminescence-based activity assays. Resiquimod irrelevantly increased NF-ĸB activity after 2 h (1 µM: 1.07-fold, P = 0.0188; 10 µM: 1.09-fold, P = 0.0142), and diminished it after 24 h (1 µM: 0.64-fold, P < 0.0001; 10 µM: 0.68-fold, P < 0.0001) and 30 h (10 µM: 0.68-fold, P = 0.0003). Concurrently, PXR activity after 24 h was marginally increased by 10 µM (1.05-fold, P = 0.0019). Resiquimod did not alter mRNA expression levels, activities of uptake or efflux transporters, or CYP3A4 activity. Given the marginal effects on NF-ĸB, PXR, expression levels of selected PXR target genes, and activities of important drug transporters and CYP3A4 in vitro, resiquimod is not expected to cause major pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lelia Wagner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Subhan MA, Attia SA, Torchilin VP. Advances in siRNA delivery strategies for the treatment of MDR cancer. Life Sci 2021; 274:119337. [PMID: 33713664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) represents a promising therapeutic method that uses siRNA for cancer treatment. Although the RNAi technique has been increasingly used for clinical trials, systemic siRNA delivery into targeted cells is still challenging. The barriers impeding siRNA therapeutics delivery and impacting the treatment outcome must overcome with negligible systemic toxicity for a desirable and successful delivery of siRNA to MDR cancer cells. Nano delivery strategies have been investigated for nanocarrier functionalization, cancer immunotherapy and cancer targeting. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), dynamic polyconjugates (DPC™), GalNAc-siRNA conjugates, exosome and RBC systems have shown potential for efficient delivery of siRNA to cancer cells. Delivery of siRNA to tumor cells, immune cells to regulate T cell functions for immunotherapy are promising approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Sara Aly Attia
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Hingorani DV, Camargo MF, Quraishi MA, Adams SR, Advani SJ. Tumor Activated Cell Penetrating Peptides to Selectively Deliver Immune Modulatory Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030365. [PMID: 33801967 PMCID: PMC8000974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer therapy. Immunotherapies can engage the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Therapeutics targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (i.e., CTLA-4; PD-1, and PD-L1) have shown efficacy for subsets of cancer patients by unleashing an adaptive antitumor immune response. Alternatively, small molecule immune modulators of the innate immune system such as toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are being developed for cancer therapy. TLRs function as pattern recognition receptors to microbial products and are also involved in carcinogenesis. Reisquimod is a TLR 7/8 agonist that has antitumor efficacy. However, systemic delivery free resiquimod has proven to be challenging due to toxicity of nonspecific TLR 7/8 activation. Therefore, we developed a targeted peptide-drug conjugate strategy for systemic delivery of resiquimod. We designed an activatable cell penetrating peptide to deliver resiquimod specifically to the tumor tissue while avoiding normal tissues. The activatable cell penetrating peptide (ACPP) scaffold undergoes enzymatic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 in the extracellular matrix followed by intracellular lysosomal cathepsin B mediated release of the free resiquimod. Importantly, when conjugated to ACPP; the tumor tissue concentration of resiquimod was more than 1000-fold greater than that of surrounding non-cancerous tissue. Moreover, systemic ACPP-resiquimod delivery produced comparable therapeutic efficacy to localized free resiquimod in syngeneic murine tumors. These results highlight a precision peptide-drug conjugate delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina V. Hingorani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.H.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Maria F. Camargo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.H.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Maryam A. Quraishi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.H.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.Q.)
| | - Stephen R. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sunil J. Advani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.H.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.Q.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +85-8822-6046; Fax: +85-8822-5568
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Liong CS, Smith AAA, Mann JL, Roth GA, Gale EC, Maikawa CL, Ou BS, Appel EA. Enhanced Humoral Immune Response by High Density TLR Agonist Presentation on Hyperbranched Polymers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine S. Liong
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Anton A. A. Smith
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Dept. of Chemistry Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Joseph L. Mann
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Gillie A. Roth
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Dept. of Biochemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Ben S. Ou
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Eric. A. Appel
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- ChEM‐H Institute Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zhang H, Tang WL, Kheirolomoom A, Fite BZ, Wu B, Lau K, Baikoghli M, Raie MN, Tumbale SK, Foiret J, Ingham ES, Mahakian LM, Tam SM, Cheng RH, Borowsky AD, Ferrara KW. Development of thermosensitive resiquimod-loaded liposomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2021; 330:1080-1094. [PMID: 33189786 PMCID: PMC7906914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resiquimod (R848) is a toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist with potent antitumor and immunostimulatory activity. However, systemic delivery of R848 is poorly tolerated because of its poor solubility in water and systemic immune activation. In order to address these limitations, we developed an intravenously-injectable formulation with R848 using thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) as a delivery vehicle. R848 was remotely loaded into TSLs composed of DPPC: DSPC: DSPE-PEG2K (85:10:5, mol%) with 100 mM FeSO4 as the trapping agent inside. The final R848 to lipid ratio of the optimized R848-loaded TSLs (R848-TSLs) was 0.09 (w/w), 10-fold higher than the previously-reported values. R848-TSLs released 80% of R848 within 5 min at 42 °C. These TSLs were then combined with αPD-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia in a neu deletion (NDL) mouse mammary carcinoma model (Her2+, ER/PR negative). Combined with αPD-1, local injection of R848-TSLs showed superior efficacy with complete NDL tumor regression in both treated and abscopal sites achieved in 8 of 11 tumor bearing mice over 100 days. Immunohistochemistry confirmed enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and accumulation by R848-TSLs. Systemic delivery of R848-TSLs, combined with local hyperthermia and αPD-1, inhibited tumor growth and extended median survival from 28 days (non-treatment control) to 94 days. Upon re-challenge with reinjection of tumor cells, none of the previously cured mice developed tumors, as compared with 100% of age-matched control mice. The dose of R848 (10 μg for intra-tumoral injection or 6 mg/kg for intravenous injection delivered up to 4 times) was well-tolerated without weight loss or organ hypertrophy. In summary, we developed R848-TSLs that can be administered locally or systematically, resulting in tumor regression and enhanced survival when combined with αPD-1 in mouse models of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wei-Lun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kenneth Lau
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mo Baikoghli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marina Nura Raie
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah M Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - R Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Demaria O, Vivier E. ISACs take a Toll on tumors. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:12-13. [PMID: 35121891 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Demaria
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Immunology, Marseille-Immunopôle, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Burn OK, Prasit KK, Hermans IF. Modulating the Tumour Microenvironment by Intratumoural Injection of Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3824. [PMID: 33352882 PMCID: PMC7765936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signalling through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to strong proinflammatory responses, enhancing the activity of antigen presenting cells and shaping adaptive immune responses against tumour associated antigens. Unfortunately, toxicities associated with systemic administration of these agonists have limited their clinical use to date. Direct injection of PRR agonists into the tumour can enhance immune responses by directly modulating the cells present in the tumour microenvironment. This can improve local antitumour activity, but importantly, also facilitates systemic responses that limit tumour growth at distant sites. As such, this form of therapy could be used clinically where metastatic tumour lesions are accessible, or as neoadjuvant therapy. In this review, we summarise current preclinical data on intratumoural administration of PRR agonists, including new strategies to optimise delivery and impact, and combination studies with current and promising new cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (O.K.B.); (K.K.P.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Kef K. Prasit
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (O.K.B.); (K.K.P.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Ian F. Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (O.K.B.); (K.K.P.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Lipopolysaccharide directly inhibits bicarbonate absorption by the renal outer medullary collecting duct. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20548. [PMID: 33239624 PMCID: PMC7689453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is associated with E. coli induced pyelonephritis but whether bacterial cell wall constituents inhibit HCO3 transport in the outer medullary collecting duct from the inner stripe (OMCDi) is not known. We examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on HCO3 absorption in isolated perfused rabbit OMCDi. LPS caused a ~ 40% decrease in HCO3 absorption, providing a mechanism for E. coli pyelonephritis-induced acidosis. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a detoxified TLR4 agonist, and Wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, prevented the LPS-mediated decrease, demonstrating the role of TLR4-PI3-kinase signaling and providing proof-of-concept for therapeutic interventions aimed at ameliorating OMCDi dysfunction and pyelonephritis-induced acidosis.
Collapse
|
67
|
Manna S, Maiti S, Shen J, Du W, Esser-Kahn AP. Pathogen-like Nanoassemblies of Covalently Linked TLR Agonists Enhance CD8 and NK Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2071-2078. [PMID: 33274283 PMCID: PMC7706081 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Therapies based on Toll Like Receptor agonists (TLRa) are emerging as a promising modality for cancer immunotherapy to recruit antitumor T-cells in unresponsive immunologically "cold" tumors. Often, combinations of agonists are employed to synergistically enhance efficacy. However, low efficacy and severe toxicities deter these TLR-based therapeutics from further clinical applications. Studies have suggested that the rapid systemic diffusion of agonists to nontarget tissues is the primary cause. To address this challenge, we developed supramolecular nanotherapeutics of covalently linked TLRas for multivalent, synergistic interactions by drawing inspiration from immune recognition of pathogens. This new nanotherapeutic increased stimulation of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and remarkably enhanced CD8 and NK cell-mediated antitumor response while exhibiting ultralow off-target toxicity in an aggressive B16.F10 tumor model. Results from our studies thereby indicate that such supramolecular immune-agonist therapeutics may be further developed as a viable treatment modality for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Manna
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sampa Maiti
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Material, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48858, United States
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Material, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48858, United States
- (W.D.)
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- (A.P.E-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Burt AJ, Ahmadvand P, Opp LK, Ryan AT, Kang C, Mancini RJ. A Ligand‐Directed Nitrophenol Carbonate for Transient in situ Bioconjugation and Drug Delivery. ChemMedChem 2020. [PMCID: PMC7702144 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the first use of ligand‐directed proximity accelerated bioconjugation chemistry in the tandem delivery and release of a therapeutic payload. To do this, we designed a nitrophenol carbonate for ligand‐directed in situ bioconjugation of a prodrug payload to a protein. The transient nature of our conjugation chemistry renders the protein a depot for time‐dependent release of active drug following hydrolysis and self‐immolation. In our model system, using an immunostimulant prodrug, biotin ligand, and avidin protein, we observe release of bioavailable immunostimulant both spectroscopically and with an immune cell line over 48 h. Avidin co‐crystalized with the nitrophenolate directing group verified the binding pose of the ligand and offered insight into the mechanism of in situ bioconjugation. Overall, this scaffold warrants further investigation for the time‐dependent delivery of therapeutics and use in protein ligand pairs beyond biotin and avidin used for this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Burt
- Department of Chemistry Washington State University 1470 NE College Ave Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Parvaneh Ahmadvand
- Department of Chemistry Washington State University 1470 NE College Ave Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Larissa K. Opp
- Department of Chemistry Washington State University 1470 NE College Ave Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Austin T. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry Washington State University 1470 NE College Ave Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry Washington State University 1470 NE College Ave Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Rock J. Mancini
- Department of Chemistry Washington State University 1470 NE College Ave Pullman WA 99164 USA
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 1470 NE College Ave Pullman WA 99164 USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Sasaki E, Hamaguchi I, Mizukami T. Pharmacodynamic and safety considerations for influenza vaccine and adjuvant design. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:1051-1061. [PMID: 32772723 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1807936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel adjuvant evaluation system for safety and immunogenicity is needed. Vaccination is important for infection prevention, for example, from influenza viruses. Adjuvants are considered critical for improving the effectiveness of influenza vaccines. Adjuvant development is an important issue in influenza vaccine design. AREAS COVERED A conventional in vivo evaluation method for vaccine safety has been limited in analyzing phenotypic and pathological changes. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain information on the changes at the molecular level. This review aims to explain the recently developed genomics analysis-based vaccine adjuvant safety evaluation tools verified by AddaVaxTM and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) using 18 biomarker genes and whole-virion inactivated influenza vaccine as a toxicity control. Genomics analyzes would help provide safety and efficacy information regarding influenza vaccine design by facilitating appropriate adjuvant selection. EXPERT OPINION The efficacy and safety profiles of influenza vaccines and adjuvants using genomics technologies provide useful information regarding immunogenicity, which is related to safety and efficacy. This approach provides important information to select appropriate inoculation routes, combinations of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, and dosing amounts. The efficacy of vaccine adjuvant evaluation by genomics analysis should be verified by various studies using various vaccines in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eita Sasaki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Huang A, Pressnall MM, Lu R, Huayamares SG, Griffin JD, Groer C, DeKosky BJ, Forrest ML, Berkland CJ. Human intratumoral therapy: Linking drug properties and tumor transport of drugs in clinical trials. J Control Release 2020; 326:203-221. [PMID: 32673633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies aim to kill tumor cells directly or engage the immune system to fight malignancy. Checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, cell-based immunotherapies, cytokines, and adjuvants have been applied to prompt the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. However, systemic exposure of cancer therapies can induce unwanted adverse events. Intratumoral administration of potent therapies utilizes small amounts of drugs, in an effort to minimize systemic exposure and off-target toxicities. Here, we discuss the properties of the tumor microenvironment and transport considerations for intratumoral drug delivery. Specifically, we consider various tumor tissue factors and physicochemical factors that can affect tumor retention after intratumoral injection. We also review approved and clinical-stage intratumoral therapies and consider how the molecular and biophysical properties (e.g. size and charge) of these therapies influences intratumoral transport (e.g. tumor retention and cellular uptake). Finally, we offer a critical review and highlight several emerging approaches to promote tumor retention and limit systemic exposure of potent intratumoral therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Melissa M Pressnall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Ruolin Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - J Daniel Griffin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Cory J Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Dacoba TG, Anfray C, Mainini F, Allavena P, Alonso MJ, Torres Andón F, Crecente-Campo J. Arginine-Based Poly(I:C)-Loaded Nanocomplexes for the Polarization of Macrophages Toward M1-Antitumoral Effectors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1412. [PMID: 32733469 PMCID: PMC7358452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), with M2-like immunosuppressive profiles, are key players in the development and dissemination of tumors. Hence, the induction of M1 pro-inflammatory and anti-tumoral states is critical to fight against cancer cells. The activation of the endosomal toll-like receptor 3 by its agonist poly(I:C) has shown to efficiently drive this polarization process. Unfortunately, poly(I:C) presents significant systemic toxicity, and its clinical use is restricted to a local administration. Therefore, the objective of this work has been to facilitate the delivery of poly(I:C) to macrophages through the use of nanotechnology, that will ultimately drive their phenotype toward pro-inflammatory states. Methods: Poly(I:C) was complexed to arginine-rich polypeptides, and then further enveloped with an anionic polymeric layer either by film hydration or incubation. Physicochemical characterization of the nanocomplexes was conducted by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, and poly(I:C) association efficiency by gel electrophoresis. Primary human-derived macrophages were used as relevant in vitro cell model. Alamar Blue assay, ELISA, PCR and flow cytometry were used to determine macrophage viability, polarization, chemokine secretion and uptake of nanocomplexes. The cytotoxic activity of pre-treated macrophages against PANC-1 cancer cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Results: The final poly(I:C) nanocomplexes presented sizes lower than 200 nm, with surface charges ranging from +40 to −20 mV, depending on the envelopment. They all presented high poly(I:C) loading values, from 12 to 50%, and great stability in cell culture media. In vitro, poly(I:C) nanocomplexes were highly taken up by macrophages, in comparison to the free molecule. Macrophage treatment with these nanocomplexes did not reduce their viability and efficiently stimulated the secretion of the T-cell recruiter chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5, of great importance for an effective anti-tumor immune response. Finally, poly(I:C) nanocomplexes significantly increased the ability of treated macrophages to directly kill cancer cells. Conclusion: Overall, these enveloped poly(I:C) nanocomplexes might represent a therapeutic option to fight cancer through the induction of cytotoxic M1-polarized macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara G Dacoba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clément Anfray
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Mainini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Torres Andón
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Perry JL, Tian S, Sengottuvel N, Harrison EB, Gorentla BK, Kapadia CH, Cheng N, Luft JC, Ting JPY, DeSimone JM, Pecot CV. Pulmonary Delivery of Nanoparticle-Bound Toll-like Receptor 9 Agonist for the Treatment of Metastatic Lung Cancer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7200-7215. [PMID: 32463690 PMCID: PMC7531260 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are potent toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonists and have shown promise as anticancer agents in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Binding of CpG to TLR9 initiates a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses, beginning with activation of dendritic cells and resulting in a range of secondary effects that include the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of natural killer cells, and expansion of T cell populations. Recent literature suggests that local delivery of CpG in tumors results in superior antitumor effects as compared to systemic delivery. In this study, we utilized PRINT (particle replication in nonwetting templates) nanoparticles as a vehicle to deliver CpG into murine lungs through orotracheal instillations. In two murine orthotopic metastasis models of non-small-cell lung cancer-344SQ (lung adenocarcinoma) and KAL-LN2E1 (lung squamous carcinoma), local delivery of PRINT-CpG into the lungs effectively promoted substantial tumor regression and also limited systemic toxicities associated with soluble CpG. Furthermore, cured mice were completely resistant to tumor rechallenge. Additionally, nanodelivery showed extended retention of CpG within the lungs as well as prolonged elevation of antitumor cytokines in the lungs, but no elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum. These results demonstrate that PRINT-CpG is a potent nanoplatform for local treatment of lung cancer that has collateral therapeutic effects on systemic disease and an encouraging toxicity profile and may have the potential to treat lung metastasis of other cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Wang L, He Y, He T, Liu G, Lin C, Li K, Lu L, Cai K. Lymph node-targeted immune-activation mediated by imiquimod-loaded mesoporous polydopamine based-nanocarriers. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120208. [PMID: 32569862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are the potent stimulants of innate immune system and hold promises as an adjuvant for anticancer immunotherapy. Unfortunately, most of them are limited by a prompt dissemination, and thus caused "wasted inflammation". Hence, how to restrict their action radius into lymphoid tissues is of great relevance to enhance their efficacy and concomitantly alleviates the side effects. Here, imiquimod (R837), a TLR 7 agonist, was loaded into mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanocarriers with high efficiency. Moreover, its surface was modified by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to enhance their lymphatic drainage ability. These nano-adjuvants have obvious advantages in promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation in comparison to free R837. Moreover, their transportation and retention ability in proximal lymph nodes (LNs) were also confirmed, by which lymphatic drug exposure can be maximized to a great extent. Consequently, effective DC activation and CD8+ T cell responses were observed as expected by R837 released in draining LNs. This effect was further enhanced by the presence of endogenous tumor antigens from apoptosis debris induced by MPDA-based photothermal effect, and thus led to the growth inhibition of subcutaneous B16 melanomas. The results demonstrated the great potency against melanoma of the designed PVP-MPDA@R837 nano-adjuvants by combining photothermal conversion property of MPDA with lymphatic-focused immune-activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ye He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tingting He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Genhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chuanchua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Vinod N, Hwang D, Azam SH, Van Swearingen AED, Wayne E, Fussell SC, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Pecot CV, Kabanov AV. High-capacity poly(2-oxazoline) formulation of TLR 7/8 agonist extends survival in a chemo-insensitive, metastatic model of lung adenocarcinoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba5542. [PMID: 32596460 PMCID: PMC7299629 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
About 40% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have stage IV cancer at the time of diagnosis. The only viable treatment options for metastatic disease are systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Nonetheless, chemoresistance remains a major cause of chemotherapy failure. New immunotherapeutic modalities such as anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade have shown promise; however, response to such strategies is highly variable across patients. Here, we show that our unique poly(2-oxazoline)-based nanomicellar formulation (PM) of Resiquimod, an imidazoquinoline Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist, had a superior tumor inhibitory effect in a metastatic model of lung adenocarcinoma, relative to anti-PD-1 therapy or platinum-based chemotherapy. Investigation of the in vivo immune status following Resiquimod PM treatment showed that Resiquimod-based stimulation of antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment resulted in the mobilization of an antitumor CD8+ immune response. Our study demonstrates the promise of poly(2-oxazoline)-formulated Resiquimod for treating metastatic NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Vinod
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint UNC/NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7575, USA
| | - Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Salma H. Azam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amanda E. D. Van Swearingen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wayne
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sloane Christian Fussell
- Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chad V. Pecot
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Kim H, Khanna V, Kucaba TA, Zhang W, Sehgal D, Ferguson DM, Griffith TS, Panyam J. TLR7/8 Agonist-Loaded Nanoparticles Augment NK Cell-Mediated Antibody-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2109-2124. [PMID: 32383885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activated natural killer (NK) cells can kill malignant tumor cells via granule exocytosis and secretion of IFN-γ, a key regulator of the TH1 response. Thus, mobilization of NK cells can augment cancer immunotherapy, particularly when mediated through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Stimulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8 activity in dendritic cells promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and costimulatory molecule upregulation, both of which can potentiate NK cell activation. However, currently available TLR7/8 agonists exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetics, limiting their in vivo efficacy. To enable efficient delivery to antigen-presenting cells, we encapsulated a novel imidazoquinoline-based TLR7/8 agonist in pH-responsive polymeric NPs. Enhanced costimulatory molecule expression on dendritic cells and a stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine response were observed with a NP-encapsulated agonist, compared to that with the soluble form. Treatment with NP-encapsulated agonists resulted in stronger in vivo cytotoxicity and prolonged activation of NK cells compared to that with a soluble agonist. In addition, TLR7/8 agonist-loaded NPs potentiated stronger NK cell degranulation, which resulted in enhanced in vitro and in vivo ADCC mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor-targeting antibody cetuximab. TLR7/8 agonist-loaded NP treatment significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of cetuximab and an anti-HER2/neu antibody in mouse tumor models. Collectively, our data show that a pH-responsive NP-encapsulating TLR7/8 agonist could be used as a potent immunostimulatory adjuvant for antibody-based cancer immunotherapy by promoting NK cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vidhi Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tamara A Kucaba
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Drishti Sehgal
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David M Ferguson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Effect of TLR agonist on infections bronchitis virus replication and cytokine expression in embryonated chicken eggs. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:52-60. [PMID: 32065987 PMCID: PMC7112572 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly infectious and contagious viral disease of chickens caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belonging to the genus Coronavirus and family Coronaviridae. It can affect all age groups of birds. The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major class of innate immune pattern recognition receptors that have a key role in immune response and defense against various infections.The TLRs are essential for initiation of innate immune responses and in the development of adaptive immune responses. An in ovo model was employed to study the antiviral activity of TLR ligands (Pam3CSK4, LPS and CpG ODN) on replication of IBV. It was hypothesized that optimum dose and specific timing of TLR ligands may reduce viral load of IBV in specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Further, the mechanism involved in the TLR-mediated antiviral response in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of ECEs was investigated. The ECEs of 9-11 days old were treated with different doses (high, intermediate and low) of TLR-2 (Pam3CSK4), TLR-4 (LPS) and TLR-21 (CpG ODN) ligands. In addition, to know the timing of TLR ligand treatment, six time intervals were analyzed viz. 36, 24 and 12 h prior to infection, time of infection (co-administration of TLR ligands and avian IBV) and 12 and 24 h post-IBV infection. For studying the relative expression of immuno-stimulatory genes (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, iNOS and OAS) in CAM, TLR ligands were administered through intra-allantoicroute and CAM were collected at 4, 8 and 16 h post treatment. The results demonstrated that intermediate dose of all the three TLR ligands significantly reduced virus titers and used in the present study. However, the LPS reduced virus titer pre- and post-IBV infection but Pam3CSK4 and CpG ODN reduced only pre-IBV infection. Further analysis showed that TLR ligands induced IFN-γ, IL-1β and IFN stimulated genes viz. iNOS and OAS genes in CAM. The present study pointed towards the novel opportunities for rational design of LPS as immuno-stimulatory agent in chickens with reference to IBV. It may be speculated that in ovo administration of these TLR ligands may enhance resistance against viral infection in neonatal chicken and may contribute towards the development of more effective and safer vaccines including in ovo vaccines.
Collapse
|
77
|
Parra FL, Frank FM, Alliani BF, Romero EL, Petray PB. Imiquimod-loaded nanoarchaeosomes as a promising immunotherapy against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110850. [PMID: 32058257 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of imiquimod-containing nanovesicles prepared with lipids extracted from the hyperhalophile archaebacterium Halorubrum tebenquichense (nanoARC-IMQ) to induce protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The therapeutic efficacy of archaeolipid nanovesicles was assessed in an experimental murine model of acute infection with T. cruzi. The administration of nanoARQ-IMQ prevented mortality as compared to infected untreated animals, reduced parasitemia levels and diminished myocardial and musculoskeletal lesions in mice infected with a lethal strain of T. cruzi. Our findings suggest that the immunotherapy with nanoARC-IMQ has potential to limit the progression of Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico L Parra
- Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Fernanda M Frank
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno F Alliani
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eder L Romero
- Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina.
| | - Patricia B Petray
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Liu Z, Xie Y, Xiong Y, Liu S, Qiu C, Zhu Z, Mao H, Yu M, Wang X. TLR 7/8 agonist reverses oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer via directing the myeloid-derived suppressor cells to tumoricidal M1-macrophages. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:173-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
79
|
Battistella C, Callmann CE, Thompson MP, Yao S, Yeldandi AV, Hayashi T, Carson DA, Gianneschi NC. Delivery of Immunotherapeutic Nanoparticles to Tumors via Enzyme-Directed Assembly. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1901105. [PMID: 31664791 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers are prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization, with one block containing hydrophobic Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists and one block containing hydrophilic peptides as substrates for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A fluorescent label is incorporated into the polymer chains for in vivo imaging. Upon dialysis against aqueous solution, polymers form 15 nm spherical micelles. Subsequent exposure to MMP-9 elicits a morphological change to yield immunostimulatory microscale assemblies. The intravenous (IV) administration of the formulation to mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer tumors results in nanoparticle accumulation in tumors, reduction in primary tumor growth, and inhibition of lung metastases, as compared to saline-treated animals. Mice administered the parent immunotherapeutic small molecule (1V209) experience significantly increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IP-10, and MCP-1 at 2 h following IV administration, whereas the nanomaterial shows no increase over saline-treated controls. These data suggest that covalently packaging low molecular weight immunotherapeutics at high weight percent loadings in enzyme-responsive nanoparticles maintains drug efficacy while decreasing immunotoxicity, providing a platform for cancer immunotherapeutic delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Battistella
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Anjana V. Yeldandi
- Department of PathologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Departments of ChemistryMaterials Science & EngineeringBiomedical EngineeringInternational Institute for NanotechnologyChemistry of Life Processes InstituteSimpson‐Querrey InstituteLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Rodell CB, Ahmed MS, Garris CS, Pittet MJ, Weissleder R. Development of Adamantane-Conjugated TLR7/8 Agonists for Supramolecular Delivery and Cancer Immunotherapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:8426-8436. [PMID: 31879528 PMCID: PMC6924259 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often abundant in solid cancers, assuming an immunosuppressive (M2-like) phenotype which supports tumor growth and immune escape. Recent methods have focused on identification of means (e.g., drugs, nanomaterials) that polarize TAMs to a tumor suppressive (M1-like) phenotype; however, reducing the systemic side effects of these therapies and enabling their delivery to TAMs has remained a challenge. Methods: Here, we develop R848-Ad, an adamantane-modified derivative of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) through iterative drug screening against reporter cell lines. The adamantane undergoes guest-host interaction with cyclodextrin nanoparticles (CDNPs), enabling drug loading under aqueous conditions and TAM-targeted drug delivery. Therapeutic efficacy and systemic side effects were examined in a murine MC38 cancer model. Results: R848-Ad retained macrophage polarizing activity through agonization of TLR7/8, and the adamantane moiety improved drug affinity for the CDNP. In preclinical studies, nanoformulated R848-Ad resulted in a drastic reduction in measurable systemic effects (loss of body weight) relative to similarly formulated R848 alone while arresting tumor growth. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the ability of strong nanoparticle-drug interactions to limit systemic toxicity of TLR agonists while simultaneously maintaining therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maaz S. Ahmed
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christopher S. Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikael J. Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
McGowan DC. Latest Advances in Small Molecule TLR 7/8 Agonist Drug Research. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2228-2238. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191009165418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 play an important role in the activation of innate immune
cells in mammals. These evolutionarily conserved receptors serve as important sentinels in response to
infection. Activation of TLRs 7 and 8 triggers induction of a Th1 type innate immune response. The
emergence of new structural and small molecule information generated in the last decade has contributed
enormously to our understanding of this highly sophisticated process of innate immunity signaling.
This review will focus on recent developments in the small molecule activation of TLR 7 and 8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. McGowan
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Uher O, Caisova V, Hansen P, Kopecky J, Chmelar J, Zhuang Z, Zenka J, Pacak K. Coley's immunotherapy revived: Innate immunity as a link in priming cancer cells for an attack by adaptive immunity. Semin Oncol 2019; 46:385-392. [PMID: 31739997 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is no doubt that immunotherapy lies in the spotlight of current cancer research and clinical trials. However, there are still limitations in the treatment response in certain types of tumors largely due to the presence of the complex network of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive pathways. These limitations are not likely to be overcome by current immunotherapeutic options, which often target isolated steps in immune pathways preferentially involved in adaptive immunity. Recently, we have developed an innovative anti-cancer immunotherapeutic strategy that initially elicits a strong innate immune response with subsequent activation of adaptive immunity in mouse models. Robust primary innate immune response against tumor cells is induced by toll-like receptor ligands and anti-CD40 agonistic antibodies combined with the phagocytosis-stimulating ligand mannan, anchored to a tumor cell membrane by biocompatible anchor for membrane. This immunotherapeutic approach results in a dramatic therapeutic response in large established murine subcutaneous tumors including melanoma, sarcoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and pheochromocytoma. Additionally, eradication of metastases and/or long-lasting resistance to subsequent re-challenge with tumor cells was also accomplished. Current and future advantages of this immunotherapeutic approach and its possible combinations with other available therapies are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Uher
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20814, USA; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Caisova
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20814, USA
| | - Per Hansen
- Immunoaction LLC, Charlotte, Vermont, VT 05445, USA
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Chmelar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jan Zenka
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20814, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhuang J, Holay M, Park JH, Fang RH, Zhang J, Zhang L. Nanoparticle Delivery of Immunostimulatory Agents for Cancer Immunotherapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:7826-7848. [PMID: 31695803 PMCID: PMC6831474 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulatory agents, including adjuvants, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies, hold great potential for the treatment of cancer. However, their direct administration often results in suboptimal pharmacokinetics, vulnerability to biodegradation, and compromised targeting. More recently, encapsulation into biocompatible nanoparticulate carriers has become an emerging strategy for improving the delivery of these immunotherapeutic agents. Such approaches can address many of the challenges facing current treatment modalities by endowing additional protection and significantly elevating the bioavailability of the encapsulated payloads. To further improve the delivery efficiency and subsequent immune responses associated with current nanoscale approaches, biomimetic modifications and materials have been employed to create delivery platforms with enhanced functionalities. By leveraging nature-inspired design principles, these biomimetic nanodelivery vehicles have the potential to alter the current clinical landscape of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhuang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maya Holay
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joon Ho Park
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cello Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Korolowizc KE, Li B, Huang X, Yon C, Rodrigo E, Corpuz M, Plouffe DM, Kallakury BV, Suresh M, Wu TY, Miller AT, Menne S. Liver-Targeted Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist Combined With Entecavir Promotes a Functional Cure in the Woodchuck Model of Hepatitis B Virus. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1296-1310. [PMID: 31592075 PMCID: PMC6771164 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutics for chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) rarely induce functional cure due to the immunotolerant status of patients. Small molecule agonists targeting toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) have been shown to elicit a functional cure in animal models of HBV but sometimes with poor tolerability due to immune-related toxicities. In an effort to increase the therapeutic window of TLR7 agonists to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB), we developed an oral TLR7 agonist, APR002, designed to act locally in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, thus minimizing systemic exposure and improving tolerability. Here, we describe the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile of APR002 in mice and uninfected woodchucks as well as the safety and antiviral efficacy in combination with entecavir (ETV) in woodchucks with CHB. Treatment of woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) with weekly oral doses of APR002 was well-tolerated. While APR002 and ETV single agents did not elicit sustained viral control, combination therapy resulted in durable immune-mediated suppression of the chronic infection. These woodchucks also had detectable antibodies to viral antigens, enhanced interferon-stimulated gene expression, and loss of WHV covalently closed circular DNA. Conclusion: APR002 is a novel TLR7 agonist exhibiting a distinct PK/PD profile that in combination with ETV can safely attain a functional cure in woodchucks with chronic WHV infection. Our results support further investigation of liver-targeted TLR7 agonists in human CHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E. Korolowizc
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| | - Changsuek Yon
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| | | | | | | | | | - Manasa Suresh
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| | | | | | - Stephan Menne
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Louttit C, Park KS, Moon JJ. Bioinspired nucleic acid structures for immune modulation. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119287. [PMID: 31247511 PMCID: PMC6635102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids have both extensive physiological function and structural potential, rendering them quintessential engineering biomaterials. As carriers of precisely-tunable genetic information, both DNA and RNA can be synthetically generated to form a myriad of structures and to transmit specific genetic code. Importantly, recent studies have shown that DNA and RNA, both in their native and engineered forms, can function as potent regulators of innate immunity, capable of initiating and modulating immune responses. In this review, we highlight recent advances in biomaterials inspired by the various interactions of nucleic acids and the immune system. We discuss key advances in self-assembled structures based on exogenous nucleic acids and engineering approaches to apply endogenous nucleic acids as found in immunogenic cell death and extracellular traps. In addition, we discuss new strategies to control dinucleotide signaling and provide recent examples of biomaterials designed for cancer immunotherapy with STING agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Louttit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Yang L, Ding JL. MEK1/2 Inhibitors Unlock the Constrained Interferon Response in Macrophages Through IRF1 Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2020. [PMID: 31507609 PMCID: PMC6718554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are immune sentinels essential for pathogen recognition and immune defense. Nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors like TLR7 activate tailored proinflammatory and interferon responses in macrophages. Here we found that TLR7 activation constrained itself and other TLRs from inducing interferon response genes in macrophages through MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2)-dependent IRF1 inhibition. Downstream of the MEK1/2-ERK pathway, TLR7-activated macrophages induced interleukin-10 (IL-10), a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling axis, which constrained the expression of interferon response genes, immunomodulatory cytokines, and chemokines. Nevertheless, MEK1/2 inhibitors unlocked an IRF1-interferon signature response in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Deficiency in interferon regulatory factor 1 (Irf1) completely abrogated the interferon response and prevented the reprogramming of macrophages into an immunostimulatory phenotype. As a proof of concept, combination treatment with a TLR7 agonist and MEK1/2 inhibitor synergistically extended the survival of wild-type but not Irf1-deficient melanoma-bearing mice. In a retrospective study, higher expression of Irf1 and interferon response genes correlated with more favorable prognosis in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Our findings demonstrated how MEK1/2 inhibitor unlocks IRF1-mediated interferon signature response in macrophages, and the therapeutic potentials of combination therapy with MEK1/2 inhibitor and TLR7 agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Sadeghi Z, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Bouzari S. Evaluation of immunogenicity of novel multi-epitope subunit vaccines in combination with poly I:C against Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105829. [PMID: 31437796 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease affecting domestic animals and humans. Due to several safety problems associated with live attenuated vaccines (Rev1 and RB51), it is necessary to produce an efficient and safer vaccine against Brucella. In this study, we evaluated efficacy of two novel multi-peptide vaccine candidates of FliC, 7α-HSDH, BhuA antigens with and without poly I:C adjuvant. Hence, humoral and cellular immune responses and protective efficacy were determined in immunized mice. Our investigation indicated that multi-epitope antigens showed a significant induction of Th1 immunity with high levels of specific IgG (especially the IgG2a), as well as IFN-γ and IL-2 compared to the control group. The addition of poly I:C to multi-epitope antigens improved the humoral and cellular immune responses. The multi-epitope antigens with and without poly I:C also provided cross protection against B. melitensis16M and B. abortus544 infections. The present study suggests that the novel multi-epitope vaccine candidates based on B cell, CD4+ and CD8+T-cell epitopes of FliC, 7α-HSDH, BhuA proteins would be potential vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and B. abortus infections. Furthermore, poly I:C could be considered as a strong Th1-inducing adjuvant in designing vaccine formulation against brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Tran TH, Tran TTP, Truong DH, Nguyen HT, Pham TT, Yong CS, Kim JO. Toll-like receptor-targeted particles: A paradigm to manipulate the tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:82-96. [PMID: 31129358 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on antigen presenting cells, especially dendritic cells, offers several sensitive mediators to trigger an adaptive immune response, which potentially can be exploited to detect and eliminate pathogenic objects. Consequently, numerous agonists that target TLRs are being used clinically either alone or in combination with other therapies to strengthen the immune system in the battle against cancer. This review summarizes the roles of TLRs in tumor biology, and focuses on relevant TLR-dependent antitumor pathways and the conjugation of TLR agonists as adjuvants to nano- and micro-particles for boosting responses leading to cancer suppression and eradication. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which express on antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, play an important role in sensing pathogenic agents and inducing adaptive immunity. As a result, several TLR agonists have been investigating as therapeutic agents individually or in combination with other treatment modalities for cancer treatment through boosting the immune system. This review aims to focus on the roles of TLRs in cancer and TLR-dependent antitumor pathways as well as the use of different nano- or micro-particles bearing TLR agonists for tumor inhibition and elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Hiep Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi Thu Phuong Tran
- The Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Duy Hieu Truong
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tung Thanh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Lamrayah M, Charriaud F, Hu S, Megy S, Terreux R, Verrier B. Molecular modelling of TLR agonist Pam 3CSK 4 entrapment in PLA nanoparticles as a tool to explain loading efficiency and functionality. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118569. [PMID: 31352045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Designing potent and safe-of-use therapies against cancers and infections remains challenging despite the emergence of novel molecule classes like checkpoint inhibitors or Toll-Like-Receptor ligands. The latest therapeutic perspectives under development for immune modulator administration exploits vectorization, and biodegradable delivery systems are one of the most promising vehicles. Nanoparticles based on Poly (D,L) Lactic Acid (PLA) as polymer for formulation are widely investigated due to its bioresorbable, biocompatible and low immunogen properties. We propose a PLA-based nanoparticle delivery system to vectorize Pam3CSK4, a lipopeptide TLR1/2 ligand and a potent activator of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB that shows a self-assembling behavior from 30 µg/mL onwards. We demonstrate successful encapsulation of Pam3CSK4 in PLA nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation in a 40-180 µg/mL concentration range, with 99% of entrapment efficiency. By molecular modelling, we characterize drug/carrier interactions and conclude that Pam3CSK4 forms clusters onto the nanoparticle and is not encapsulated into the hydrophobic core. In silico predictions provide nanoprecipitation optimization and the mechanistic understanding of the particle dynamics. The loaded-Pam3CSK4 maintains bioactivity on TLR2, confirmed by in vitro experiments using reporter cell line HEK-Blue hTLR2. Our presented data and results are convincing evidence that Pam3CSK4-loaded in PLA nanoparticles represent a promising immune modulating system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Lamrayah
- Colloidal Vectors and Tissue Transport, UMR5305, LBTI, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Fanny Charriaud
- Colloidal Vectors and Tissue Transport, UMR5305, LBTI, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Shangnong Hu
- Colloidal Vectors and Tissue Transport, UMR5305, LBTI, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Pôle Rhône-Alpes de Bioinformatique - Lyon Gerland, UMR5305, LBTI, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Simon Megy
- Colloidal Vectors and Tissue Transport, UMR5305, LBTI, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Pôle Rhône-Alpes de Bioinformatique - Lyon Gerland, UMR5305, LBTI, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Raphael Terreux
- Colloidal Vectors and Tissue Transport, UMR5305, LBTI, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Pôle Rhône-Alpes de Bioinformatique - Lyon Gerland, UMR5305, LBTI, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Colloidal Vectors and Tissue Transport, UMR5305, LBTI, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Lozzi F, Lanna C, Mazzeo M, Garofalo V, Palumbo V, Mazzilli S, Diluvio L, Terrinoni A, Bianchi L, Campione E. Investigational drugs currently in phase II clinical trials for actinic keratosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:629-642. [PMID: 31232099 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1636030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Actinic keratoses (AKs) are limited areas of irregular epidermal growth on a background of excessive solar exposure. The entire sun-damaged skin is considered a field of cancerization with multiple visible and subclinical lesions. AK management requires field-directed therapies to block lesion relapse and prevent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). AREAS COVERED In this review, we focused on phase II clinical trials for AKs, involving well-known agents and newer molecules such as proapoptotic drugs (VDA-1102, SR-T100, oleogel-S10, ICVT, eflornithine), immunomodulants (isotretinoin, tretinoin) and chemopreventive agents (nicotinamide, perillyl alcohol, liposomal T4N5). We used the website 'ClinicalTrials.Gov' as main reference. We selected and discussed completed and ongoing trials and analysed chemical structure and mechanism of action of the investigated molecules. EXPERT OPINION AK therapy should be tailored on the patient's profile considering first of all the age and site of the AKs, which are relevant parameters for local immune response. The new molecules could be combined to obtain a synergic effect blocking the different steps of skin tumorigenesis. Phase II trials highlight a new therapeutic opportunity to block selectively cell proliferation regulators and work both on the field of cancerization and on the AKs currently present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Lozzi
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Caterina Lanna
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Mauro Mazzeo
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Virginia Garofalo
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palumbo
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Sara Mazzilli
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Laura Diluvio
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Terrinoni
- b Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Netzler NE, Enosi Tuipulotu D, White PA. Norovirus antivirals: Where are we now? Med Res Rev 2019; 39:860-886. [PMID: 30584800 PMCID: PMC7168425 DOI: 10.1002/med.21545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human noroviruses inflict a significant health burden on society and are responsible for approximately 699 million infections and over 200 000 estimated deaths worldwide each year. Yet despite significant research efforts, approved vaccines or antivirals to combat this pathogen are still lacking. Safe and effective antivirals are not available, particularly for chronically infected immunocompromised individuals, and for prophylactic applications to protect high-risk and vulnerable populations in outbreak settings. Since the discovery of human norovirus in 1972, the lack of a cell culture system has hindered biological research and antiviral studies for many years. Recent breakthroughs in culturing human norovirus have been encouraging, however, further development and optimization of these novel methodologies are required to facilitate more robust replication levels, that will enable reliable serological and replication studies, as well as advances in antiviral development. In the last few years, considerable progress has been made toward the development of norovirus antivirals, inviting an updated review. This review focuses on potential therapeutics that have been reported since 2010, which were examined across at least two model systems used for studying human norovirus or its enzymes. In addition, we have placed emphasis on antiviral compounds with a defined chemical structure. We include a comprehensive outline of direct-acting antivirals and offer a discussion of host-modulating compounds, a rapidly expanding and promising area of antiviral research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E. Netzler
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Peter A. White
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Bose N, Ottoson NR, Qiu X, Harrison B, Lowe JR, Uhlik MT, Rathmann BT, Kangas TO, Jordan LR, Ertelt KE, Jonas AB, Walsh RM, Chan ASH, Fulton RB, Leonardo SM, Fraser KA, Gorden KB, Matson MA, Graff JR, Huhn RD. Immune Pharmacodynamic Responses of the Novel Cancer Immunotherapeutic Imprime PGG in Healthy Volunteers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2945-2956. [PMID: 30988115 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Imprime PGG (Imprime) is an i.v. administered, yeast β-1,3/1,6 glucan in clinical development with checkpoint inhibitors. Imprime-mediated innate immune activation requires immune complex formation with naturally occurring IgG anti-β glucan Abs (ABA). We administered Imprime to healthy human volunteers to assess the necessity of ABA for Imprime-mediated immunopharmacodynamic (IPD) changes. Imprime (4 mg/kg) was administered i.v. in single and multiple infusions. Subsets of subjects were premedicated with antihistamine and corticosteroid. Peripheral blood was measured before, during and after Imprime administration for IPD changes (e.g., ABA, circulating immune complexes, complement activation, complete blood counts, cytokine/chemokine, and gene expression changes). IPD changes were analyzed based on pretreatment serum ABA levels: low-ABA (<20 μg/ml), mid-ABA (≥20-50 μg/ml), and high-ABA (≥50 μg/ml). At the end of infusion, free serum ABA levels decreased, circulating immune complex levels increased, and complement activation was observed. At ∼1-4 h after end of infusion, increased expression of cytokines/chemokines, a 1.5-4-fold increase in neutrophil and monocyte counts and a broad activation of innate immune genes were observed. Low-ABA subjects typically showed minimal IPD changes except when ABA levels rose above 20 μg/ml after repeated Imprime dosing. Mild-to-moderate infusion-related reactions occurred in subjects with ABA ≥20 μg/ml. Premedications alleviated some of the infusion-related reactions, but also inhibited cytokine responses. In conclusion, ABA levels, being critical for Imprime-mediated immune activation may provide a plausible, mechanism-based biomarker to identify patients most likely to respond to Imprime-based anticancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Bose
- Biothera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eagan, MN 55121; and
| | | | - Xiaohong Qiu
- Biothera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eagan, MN 55121; and
| | - Ben Harrison
- Biothera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eagan, MN 55121; and
| | - Jamie R Lowe
- Biothera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eagan, MN 55121; and
| | - Mark T Uhlik
- Biothera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eagan, MN 55121; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ross B Fulton
- Biothera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eagan, MN 55121; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Morris MC, Cooney KE, Sedghamiz H, Abreu M, Collado F, Balbin EG, Craddock TJA, Klimas NG, Broderick G, Fletcher MA. Leveraging Prior Knowledge of Endocrine Immune Regulation in the Therapeutically Relevant Phenotyping of Women With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Clin Ther 2019; 41:656-674.e4. [PMID: 30929860 PMCID: PMC6478538 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The complex and varied presentation of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) has made it difficult to diagnose, study, and treat. Its symptoms and likely etiology involve multiple components of endocrine and immune regulation, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and their interactive oversight of immune function. We propose that the persistence of ME/CFS may involve changes in the regulatory interactions across these physiological axes. We also propose that the robustness of this new pathogenic equilibrium may at least in part explain the limited success of conventional single-target therapies. METHODS A comprehensive model was constructed of female endocrine-immune signaling consisting of 28 markers linked by 214 documented regulatory interactions. This detailed model was then constrained to adhere to experimental measurements in a subset of 17 candidate immune markers measured in peripheral blood of patients with ME/CFS and healthy control subjects before, during, and after a maximal exercise challenge. A set of 26 competing numerical models satisfied these data to within 5% error. FINDINGS Mechanistically informed predictions of endocrine and immune markers that were either unmeasured or exhibited high subject-to-subject variability pointed to possible context-specific overexpression in ME/CFS at rest of corticotropin-releasing hormone, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1, interleukin (IL)-23, and luteinizing hormone, and underexpression of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, interferon-γ, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-1α. Simulations of rintatolimod and rituximab treatment predicted a shift in the repertoire of available endocrine-immune regulatory regimens. Rintatolimod was predicted to make available substantial remission in a significant subset of subjects, in particular those with low levels of IL-1α, IL-17, and cortisol; intermediate levels of progesterone and FSH; and high estrogen levels. Rituximab treatment was predicted to support partial remission in a smaller subset of patients with ME/CFS, specifically those with low norepinephrine, IL-1α, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, and cortisol levels; intermediate FSH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 levels; and elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, luteinizing hormone, IL-12, and B-cell activation. IMPLICATIONS Applying a rigorous filter of known signaling mechanisms to experimentally measured immune marker expression in ME/CFS has highlighted potential new context-specific markers of illness. These novel endocrine and immune markers may offer useful candidates in delineating new subtypes of ME/CFS and may inform on refinements to the inclusion criteria and instrumentation of new and ongoing trials involving rintatolimod and rituximab treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Morris
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Katherine E Cooney
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hooman Sedghamiz
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maria Abreu
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fanny Collado
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Balbin
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Travis J A Craddock
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Computer Science, and Clinical Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Nancy G Klimas
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gordon Broderick
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA; Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Mary Ann Fletcher
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Delaney S, Hornig M. Environmental Exposures and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: What Role Does the Gut-Immune-Brain Axis Play? Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 5:158-169. [PMID: 29423662 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Evidence is growing that environmental exposures-including xenobiotics as well as microbes-play a role in the pathogenesis of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Underlying mechanisms are likely to be complex, involving the developmentally sensitive interplay of genetic/epigenetic, detoxification, and immune factors. Here, we review evidence supporting a role for environmental factors and disrupted gut-immune-brain axis function in some neuropsychiatric conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Studies suggesting the involvement of an altered microbiome in triggering CNS-directed autoimmunity and neuropsychiatric disturbances are presented as an intriguing example of the varied mechanisms by which environmentally induced gut-immune-brain axis dysfunction may contribute to adverse brain outcomes. The gut-immune-brain axis is a burgeoning frontier for investigation of neuropsychiatric illness. Future translational research to define individual responses to exogenous exposures in terms of microbiome-dependent skew of the metabolome, immunity, and brain function may serve as a lens for illumination of pathways involved in the development of CNS disease and fuel discovery of novel interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Delaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mady Hornig
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, Rm 1706, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, Rm 1706, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Jacoberger-Foissac C, Saliba H, Seguin C, Brion A, Kakhi Z, Frisch B, Fournel S, Heurtault B. Optimization of peptide-based cancer vaccine compositions, by sequential screening, using versatile liposomal platform. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:342-350. [PMID: 30880104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines need thoughtful design to efficiently deliver appropriate antigens and adjuvants to the immune system. In the current study, we took advantage of the versatility of a liposomal platform to conceive and customize vaccines containing three elements needed for the induction of efficient antitumor immunity: i) a CD4 epitope peptide able to activate CD4+ T helper cells, ii) a CD8 tumor-specific epitope peptide recognized by CD8+ T cytotoxic cells and iii) Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) agonists which stand as adjuvants. Each type of component, conjugated to liposomes, was evaluated individually by comparing their vaccine efficacy after immunization of naïve mice. These screening steps resulted in the optimization of three liposomal constructs bearing a peptide from HA influenza virus protein as CD4 epitope, a peptide from HPV16 E7 oncoprotein as CD8 epitope and TLR4, TLR2/6 or NOD1 agonists as adjuvant, which displayed antitumor efficiency against a mouse model of disseminated tumors transformed by HPV16. Our results validated the interest of our customizable liposomal platform as delivery system for cancer vaccination. We also demonstrated its interest as tool for vaccine design allowing the strategical selection of components, and the evaluation of epitope-adjuvant association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Jacoberger-Foissac
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Hanadi Saliba
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Cendrine Seguin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Anaïs Brion
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Zahra Kakhi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Frisch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Fournel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Heurtault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 3Bio Team, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer. The number of immunotherapy drug approvals has been increasing, with numerous treatments in clinical and preclinical development. However, a key challenge in the broad implementation of immunotherapies for cancer remains the controlled modulation of the immune system, as these therapeutics have serious adverse effects including autoimmunity and nonspecific inflammation. Understanding how to increase the response rates to various classes of immunotherapy is key to improving efficacy and controlling these adverse effects. Advanced biomaterials and drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and the use of T cells to deliver therapies, could effectively harness immunotherapies and improve their potency while reducing toxic side effects. Here, we discuss these research advances, as well as the opportunities and challenges for integrating delivery technologies into cancer immunotherapy, and we critically analyse the outlook for these emerging areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Riley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Morin MD, Wang Y, Jones BT, Mifune Y, Su L, Shi H, Moresco EMY, Zhang H, Beutler B, Boger DL. Diprovocims: A New and Exceptionally Potent Class of Toll-like Receptor Agonists. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14440-14454. [PMID: 30272974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A screen conducted with nearly 100000 compounds and a surrogate functional assay for stimulation of an immune response that measured the release of TNF-α from treated human THP-1 myeloid cells differentiated along the macrophage line led to the discovery of the diprovocims. Unique to these efforts and of special interest, the screening leads for this new class of activators of an immune response came from a compound library designed to promote cell-surface receptor dimerization. Subsequent comprehensive structure-activity relationship studies improved the potency 800-fold over that of the screening leads, providing diprovocim-1 and diprovocim-2. The diprovocims act by inducing cell-surface toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 dimerization and activation with TLR1 (TLR1/TLR2 agonist), bear no structural similarity to any known natural or synthetic TLR agonist, and are easy to prepare and synthetically modify, and selected members are active in both human and murine systems. The most potent diprovocim (3, diprovocim-1) elicits full agonist activity at extraordinarily low concentrations (EC50 = 110 pM) in human THP-1 cells, being more potent than the naturally derived TLR1/TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or any other known small molecule TLR agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Morin
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Brian T Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 United States
| | - Yuto Mifune
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 United States
| | - Lijing Su
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Hexin Shi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Eva Marie Y Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 United States
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Wilkinson A, Lattmann E, Roces CB, Pedersen GK, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Lipid conjugation of TLR7 agonist Resiquimod ensures co-delivery with the liposomal Cationic Adjuvant Formulation 01 (CAF01) but does not enhance immunopotentiation compared to non-conjugated Resiquimod+CAF01. J Control Release 2018; 291:1-10. [PMID: 30291987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are important in the induction and activation of two critical arms of the host defence to pathogens and microorganisms: the rapid innate immune response (as characterised by the production of Th1 promoting cytokines and type 1 interferons) and the adaptive immune response. Through this activation, ligands and agonists of TLRs can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. Resiquimod is a small (water-soluble) agonist of the endosome-located Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8). However due to its molecular attributes it rapidly distributes throughout the body after injection. To circumvent this, these TLR agonists can be incorporated within delivery systems, such as liposomes, to promote the co-delivery of both antigen and agonists to antigen presenting cells. In this present study, resiquimod has been chemically conjugated to a lipid to form a lipid-TLR7/8 agonist conjugate which can be incorporated within immunogenic cationic liposomes composed of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and the immunostimulatory glycolipid trehalose 6,6' - dibehenate (TDB). This DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 formulation offers similar vesicle characteristics to DDA:TDB (size and charge) and offers high retention of both resiquimod and the electrostatically adsorbed TB subunit antigen Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2660c (H56). Following immunisation through the intramuscular (i.m.) route, these cationic DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 liposomes form a vaccine depot at the injection site. However, immunisation studies have shown that this biodistribution does not translate into notably increased antibody nor Th1 responses at the spleen and draining popliteal lymph node compared to DDA:TDB liposomes. This work demonstrates that the conjugation of TLR7/8 agonists to cationic liposomes can promote co-delivery but the immune responses stimulated do not merit the added complexity considerations of the formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Lattmann
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Induction of oligoclonal CD8 T cell responses against pulmonary metastatic cancer by a phospholipid-conjugated TLR7 agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6836-E6844. [PMID: 29967183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803281115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have improved patient survival. However, only a minority of patients with pulmonary metastatic disease respond to treatment with checkpoint inhibitors. As an alternate approach, we have tested the ability of systemically administered 1V270, a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist conjugated to a phospholipid, to inhibit lung metastases in two variant murine 4T1 breast cancer models, as well as in B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma models. In the 4T1 breast cancer models, 1V270 therapy inhibited lung metastases if given up to a week after primary tumor initiation. The treatment protocol was facilitated by the minimal toxic effects exerted by the phospholipid TLR7 agonist compared with the unconjugated agonist. 1V270 exhibited a wide therapeutic window and minimal off-target receptor binding. The 1V270 therapy inhibited colonization by tumor cells in the lungs in an NK cell dependent manner. Additional experiments revealed that single administration of 1V270 led to tumor-specific CD8+ cell-dependent adaptive immune responses that suppressed late-stage metastatic tumor growth in the lungs. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analyses showed that 1V270 therapy induced oligoclonal T cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Different animals displayed commonly shared TCR clones following 1V270 therapy. Intranasal administration of 1V270 also suppressed lung metastasis and induced tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. These results indicate that systemic 1V270 therapy can induce tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell responses to pulmonary metastatic cancers and that TCR repertoire analyses can be used to monitor, and to predict, the response to therapy.
Collapse
|
100
|
Bavananthasivam J, Alkie TN, Astill J, Abdul-Careem MF, Wootton SK, Behboudi S, Yitbarek A, Sharif S. In ovo administration of Toll-like receptor ligands encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles impede tumor development in chickens infected with Marek's disease virus. Vaccine 2018; 36:4070-4076. [PMID: 29859800 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the economically important diseases in the poultry industry is Marek's disease (MD) which is caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV). The use of current vaccines provides protection against clinical signs of MD in chickens. However, these vaccines do not prevent the transmission of MDV to susceptible hosts, hence they may promote the development of new virulent strains of MDV. This issue persuaded us to explore alternative approaches to control MD in chickens. Induction of innate responses at the early stage of life in the chicken may help to prevent or reduce MDV infection. Further, prophylactic use of Toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-Ls) has been shown to generate host immunity against infectious diseases. In this regard, encapsulation of TLR-Ls in Poly(d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) may further enhance host responses by controlled release of TLR-Ls for an extended period. Hence, in the current study, protective effects of encapsulated TLR4 and TLR21 ligands, LPS and CpG, respectively, were investigated against MD. Results indicated that administration of encapsulated CpG and LPS first at embryonic day (ED) 18, followed by post-hatch at 14 days-post infection (dpi) intramuscularly, diminished tumor incidence by 60% and 42.8%, respectively at 21dpi compared to the MDV only group. In addition, analysis of cytokine gene profiles of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and IL-10 in spleen and bursa of Fabricius at different time points suggests that TLR-Ls possibly triggered host responses through the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 to reduce tumor formation. However, further studies are needed to explore the role of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and other influencing elements like lymphocytes in the hindrance of tumor development by TLR-Ls treatment in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jegarubee Bavananthasivam
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tamiru N Alkie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology and Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|