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Abstract
With the recognition in the 1960s and 1970s of the periodontopathic importance of the microbial biofilm and its specific anaerobic microorganisms, periodontitis was treated as an infectious disease (more recently, as a dysbiosis). Subsequently, in the 1980s, host-response mechanisms were identified as the mediators of the destruction of the collagen-rich periodontal tissues (gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone), and the periodontopathogens were now regarded as the "trigger" of the inflammatory/collagenolytic response that characterizes actively destructive periodontitis. Also at this time a new pharmacologic strategy emerged, entitled "host-modulation therapy", based on 2 major findings: (1) that the ability of tetracycline antibiotics to inhibit periodontal breakdown was due (in large part) to their previously unrecognized ability to inhibit the host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (notably, the collagenases, gelatinases, macrophage metalloelastase), and by mechanisms unrelated to the antimicrobial properties of these medications; and (2) that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as flurbiprofen, again by nonantimicrobial mechanisms, could reduce the severity of periodontitis (however, the adverse effects of long-term therapy precluded their development as safe and effective host-modulatory agents). Additional mechanistic studies resulted in the development of novel nonantimicrobial formulations (Periostat® [now generic] and Oracea®) and compositions of tetracyclines (notably chemically modified tetracycline-3) as host-modulator drugs for periodontitis, arthritis, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, cancer, and, more recently, for local and systemic bone loss in postmenopausal women. Identification of the cation-binding active site in the tetraphenolic chemically modified tetracycline molecules drove the development of a new category of matrix metalloproteinase-inhibitor compounds, with a similar active site, the biphenolic chemically modified curcumins. A lead compound, chemically modified curcumin 2.24, has demonstrated safety and efficacy in vitro, in cell culture, and in vivo in mouse, rat, rabbit, and dog models of disease. In conclusion, novel host-modulation compounds have shown significant promise as adjuncts to traditional local therapy in the clinical management of periodontal disease; appear to reduce systemic complications of this all-too-common "inflammatory/collagenolytic" disease; and Oracea® is now commonly prescribed for inflammatory dermatologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorne M. Golub
- Department of Oral Biology & PathologySchool of Dental MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York, USA
| | - Hsi‐Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology & PathologySchool of Dental MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York, USA
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52
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Nyvad B, Takahashi N. Integrated hypothesis of dental caries and periodontal diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1710953. [PMID: 32002131 PMCID: PMC6968559 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1710953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers an integrated hypothesis of dental caries and periodontal diseases that builds on theoretical ecological principles. The backbone of the hypothesis is based on the dynamic stability stage of the oral microbiota, at which intrinsic (mainly saliva and gingival crevicular fluid) and bacterial (mainly metabolic) resilience factors maintain ecological dynamic stability, compatible with clinical health. However, loss of intrinsic resilience factors and/or prolonged changes in the availability of microbial metabolic substrates may shift the ecological balance of the microbiota into either saccharolytic (acidogenic) or amino acid-degrading/proteolytic (alkalinogenic) stages, depending on the nature of the predominant substrates, leading to clinical diseases. Therefore, to maintain and restore the dynamic stability of the oral microbiota, it is necessary to control the drivers of disease, such as salivary flow and influx of bacterial nutrients into the oral cavity. Contrary to conventional wisdom, excessive intake of fermentable carbohydrates may contribute to inflammation in periodontal tissues resulting from hyperglycaemia. An integrated hypothesis emphasizes that both dental caries and periodontal diseases originate in the dynamic stability stage and emerge in response to nutritional imbalances in the microbiota. Periodontal diseases may belong to the sugar driven inflammatory diseases, similar to diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Nyvad
- Section of Dental Pathology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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53
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Zhong W, Peng Y, Yue E, Huang B, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Jiang J, Wang Q, Zhao H. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of SLIT3 are increased in periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2019; 26:182-192. [PMID: 31696592 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the levels of SLIT3 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy and periodontal disease subjects, and their correlations to periodontal disease. A total of 45 periodontal patients and 45 periodontally healthy volunteers were enrolled. The clinical parameters, radiographic bone loss and the levels of SLIT3, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in GCF were measured. The prevalences of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque were also analyzed. The expression of SLIT3 and RANKL was detected in the periodontium of experimental periodontitis in rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophage. The total amounts and concentrations of SLIT3 and RANKL were significantly higher in periodontitis than those in healthy, while the level of OPG was significantly lower (p < .05). Significant positive correlations were observed between the level of GCF SLIT3 and clinical attachment level and radiographic bone loss (p < .05). There existed a significant positive correlation between SLIT3 and RANKL (p < .05). Increased expression of SLIT3 and RANKL was observed in the periodontium of periodontal rats. SLIT3 expression was induced by LPS stimulation in macrophages. These results suggest that SLIT3 may act as a diagnostic indicator of periodontal disease and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youmei Peng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erli Yue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingduan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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54
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de Molon RS, Thurlings RM, Walgreen B, Helsen MM, van der Kraan PM, Cirelli JA, Koenders MI. Systemic Resolvin E1 (RvE1) Treatment Does Not Ameliorate the Severity of Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) in Mice: A Randomized, Prospective, and Controlled Proof of Concept Study. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5689465. [PMID: 31780864 PMCID: PMC6875002 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5689465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized proresolving mediators (SPRM), which arise from n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3FA), promote resolution of inflammation and may help to prevent progression of an acute inflammatory response into chronic inflammation in patients with arthritis. Thus, this study is aimed at determining whether systemic RvE1 treatment reduces arthritis onset and severity in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and spontaneous cytokine production by human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial explants. 10-week-old DBA1/J male mice were subjected to CIA and treated systemically with 0.1 μg RvE1, 1 μg RvE1, 5 mg/kg anti-TNF (positive control group), PBS (negative control group), or with a combination of 1 μg of RvE1 plus 5 mg/kg anti-TNF using prophylactic or therapeutic strategies. After CIA immunization, mice were treated twice a week by RvE1 or anti-TNF for 10 days. Arthritis development was assessed by visual scoring of paw swelling and histology of ankle joints. Moreover, human RA synovial explants were incubated with 1 nM, 10 nM, or 100 nM of RvE1, and cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, INF-γ, and TNF-α) were measured using Luminex bead array. CIA triggered significant inflammation in the synovial cavity, proteoglycan loss, and cartilage and bone destruction in the ankle joints of mice. Prophylactic and therapeutic RvE1 regimens did not ameliorate CIA incidence and severity. Anti-TNF treatment significantly abrogated signs of joint inflammation, bone erosion, and proteoglycan depletion, but additional RvE1 treatment did not further reduce the anti-TNF-mediated suppression of the disease. Treatment with different concentrations of RvE1 did not decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human RA synovial explants in the studied conditions. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that RvE1 treatment was not an effective approach to treat CIA in DBA1/J mice in both prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, no effects were noticed when human synovial explants were incubated with different concentrations of RvE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Scaf de Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rogier M. Thurlings
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Walgreen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Monique M. Helsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van der Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marije I. Koenders
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Yan W, Cao Y, Yang H, Han N, Zhu X, Fan Z, Du J, Zhang F. CB1 enhanced the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation ability of periodontal ligament stem cells via p38 MAPK and JNK in an inflammatory environment. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12691. [PMID: 31599069 PMCID: PMC6869632 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Periodontitis is an inflammatory immune disease that causes periodontal tissue loss. Inflammatory immunity and bone metabolism are closely related to periodontitis. The cannabinoid receptor I (CB1) is an important constituent of the endocannabinoid system and participates in bone metabolism and inflammation tissue healing. It is unclear whether CB1 affects the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) function involved in periodontal tissue regeneration. In this study, we revealed the role and mechanism of CB1 in the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in an inflammatory environment. Materials and methods Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, quantitative calcium analysis and osteo/dentinogenic markers were used to assess osteo/dentinogenic differentiation. Real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect gene expression. Results CB1 overexpression or CB1 agonist (10 µM R‐1 Meth) promoted the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Deletion of CB1 or the application of CB1 antagonist (10 µM AM251) repressed the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. The activation of CB1 enhanced the TNF‐α‐ and INF‐γ‐impaired osteo/dentinogenic differentiation potential in PDLSCs. Moreover, CB1 activated p38 MAPK and JNK signalling and repressed PPAR‐γ and Erk1/2 signalling. Inhibition of JNK signalling could block CB1‐activated JNK and p38 MAPK signalling, while CB1 could activate p38 MAPK and JNK signalling, which was inhibited by TNF‐α and INF‐γ stimulation. Conclusions CB1 was able to enhance the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs via p38 MAPK and JNK signalling in an inflammatory environment, which might be a potential target for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhao Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Han
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinling Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Liu C, Zhang A, Yin S, Wang T, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Ying Q, Sun J, Wei F, Liu D, Wang C, Ge S. Down-regulation of long non-coding RNA MEG3 suppresses osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) through miR-27a-3p/IGF1 axis in periodontitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5334-5350. [PMID: 31398715 PMCID: PMC6710065 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in periodontitis. Methods: Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs between periodontitis periodontal ligament tissues and healthy periodontal ligament tissues were selected out using R project. PDLSCs were identified using flow cytometry. Western blot was employed to detect pathway relative proteins. Besides, targeted relationships between lncRNA and miRNA, as well as miRNA and mRNA were verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS). Markers for osteoblast (Runx2, Osterix, Osteocalcin, Colla1) were detected using western blot. Results: LncRNA MEG3 and IGF1 were both down-regulated, while miR-27a-3p was up-regulated in periodontitis samples compared with healthy samples. Overexpression of MEG3 promoted osteogenic differentiation by enhancing expression of IGF1 yet suppressing expression of miRNA-27a-3p. Meanwhile, the results of ALP and ARS staining indicated that up-regulation of lncRNA MEG3 or IGF1 promoted osteogenic differentiation in PDLSCs, which could be reversed with up-regulation of miRNA-27a-3p. Conclusion: Down-regulation of MEG3 suppressed osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through miR-27a-3p/IGF1 axis in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chunpeng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ankui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shichang Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of General Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Meiming Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qiaohui Ying
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinrui Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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57
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Dietary intake in patients with peripheral arterial disease and concomitant periodontal disease. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:78-85. [PMID: 31006393 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology and management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and periodontal disease (PD). As PD can have profound effects on an individual's functional ability to eat and can affect nutrient intake, we aimed to evaluate the role of PD severity on dietary intake (DI) and quality in PAD patients and compare it with current dietary recommendations for CVD. PD stages of 421 consecutive PAD patients were determined according to a standardised basic periodontal examination (Periodontal Screening and Recording Index) ('healthy', 'gingivitis', 'moderate periodontitis' and 'severe periodontitis'). Dietary intake (24-h recall), dietary quality (food frequency index (FFI)) and anthropometrical data were assessed. Nutritional intake was stratified according to the severity of PD. No significant differences in DI of macronutrients, nutrients relevant for CVD and FFI were seen between the PD stages. Only median alcohol intake was significantly different between gingivitis and severe periodontitis (P = 0·001), and positively correlated with PD severity (P = 0·001; r 0·159). PD severity and the patient's number of teeth showed no correlation with investigated nutritional parameters and FFI. Few subjects met the recommended daily intakes for fibre (5 %), SFA (10 %), Na (40 %) and sugar (26 %). Macronutrient intake differed from reference values. In our sample of patients with PAD and concomitant PD, we found no differences in DI of macronutrients, nutrients relevant for CVD and diet quality depending on PD severity. The patients' nutrition was, however, poor, deviating seriously from dietary guidelines and recommendations.
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Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K. Host modulation therapy using anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents in periodontitis: A review to a clinical translation. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 105:72-80. [PMID: 31288144 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To highlight the shifting paradigm of periodontitis, describe mechanism of periodontal bone destruction, and propose an updated host modulation therapy (HMT) strategy. To add further clinical relevance, related studies investigating the efficacy of several HMT agents in periodontitis will be discussed. DESIGN Literature searches were conducted from articles published in PubMed using keywords "periodontal disease AND periodontitis AND host modulation therapy AND anti-inflammatory AND antioxidant", and then the findings were comprehensively summarized and elaborated. RESULT Accumulating evidence indicates that periodontitis is no longer defined solely as a pathogen-induced disease; rather, it is now recognized as a consequence of uncontrolled immune response and oxidative stress leading to periodontal tissue damage. Although periodontopathic bacteria initiate the disease, inflammation and oxidative stress were reported to be the main causes for the severity of tissue destruction. Thus, since the concept of periodontitis has shifted, our approach to its management needs to be adjusted to accommodate the latest paradigm. Nowadays, the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress is considered a target of HMT. HMT agents, such as probiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-chemokines, lipid mediators, and bio-active fatty acids, have been extensively investigated for their remarkable functions in modulating the immune response and providing antioxidant effects. CONCLUSION Findings from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies frequently demonstrate positive association by the administration of HMT in periodontitis. HMT strategy targeted on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in periodontitis might serve as an excellent therapeutic approach to reach the level of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benso Sulijaya
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Aung N, Aoki A, Takeuchi Y, Hiratsuka K, Katagiri S, Kong S, Shujaa Addin A, Meinzer W, Sumi Y, Izumi Y. The Effects of Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes with Different Wavelengths on Periodontopathic Bacteria In Vitro. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:288-297. [PMID: 31084561 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine effects of recently developed ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) wavelengths on in vitro growth and gene expression of cultural periodontopathic bacteria, and on viability of experimental gingival fibroblasts. Materials and methods: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus oralis were irradiated by UV LEDs (265, 285, 310, 365, and 448 nm) at 600 mJ/cm2 and grown anaerobically in vitro. The colony forming units were counted after 1 week. Cell morphology was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate gene expression changes by 310 nm irradiation. Viability of the irradiated human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated using WST-8 assay. Results: Both 265 and 285 nm resulted in the complete death of bacteria and fibroblasts, whereas 310 nm caused partial killing and suppression of bacterial growth and much less damage to the fibroblasts in vitro. Both 365 and 448 nm resulted in no significant change. SEM showed that P. gingivalis cells gradually degraded from day 2 or 3 and were severely destructed on day 5 for 265, 285, and 310 nm. The 310 nm irradiation transiently suppressed the transcripts of SOS response- and cell division-relative genes. Conclusions: Both 265 and 285 nm may induce powerful bactericidal effects and severe fibroblast phototoxicity, and 310 nm may induce partial killing or growth suppression of bacterial cells with much less fibroblast phototoxicity. UV lights may have potential for bacterial suppression, with situations dependent on wavelength, in periodontal and peri-implant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nay Aung
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Hiratsuka
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sophannary Kong
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ammar Shujaa Addin
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Walter Meinzer
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- 3 Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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60
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Lin H, Chen C, Yeh Y, Chen Y, Guo R, Lin Y, Li Y. Dental treatment procedures for periodontal disease and the subsequent risk of ischaemic stroke: A retrospective population‐based cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:642-649. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao‐Wei Lin
- Division of Family Dentistry Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Min Chen
- Research Education and Epidemiology Centre Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Chun Yeh
- Research Education and Epidemiology Centre Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
- Department of Public Health China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Yu Chen
- Research Education and Epidemiology Centre Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
- Department of Neurology Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ru‐Yu Guo
- Dental Technology Centre Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Ping Lin
- Dental Technology Centre Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Ching Li
- Dental Technology Centre Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
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Doğan ESK, Doğan B, Fentoğlu Ö, Kırzıoğlu FY. The role of serum lipoxin A4 levels in the association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2019; 49:105-113. [PMID: 31098331 PMCID: PMC6494773 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2019.49.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose An unresolved inflammatory state contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a proresolving lipid mediator, in the association between periodontal disease and MetS. Methods Sixty-seven patients with MetS and 65 patients without MetS were included in the study. Sociodemographic information was obtained via a questionnaire, and detailed medical diagnoses were made. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) and metabolic parameters were measured, and serum LXA4 levels were determined. The associations among MetS, periodontal parameters, and serum LX levels were evaluated by adjusted multivariate linear regression analyses. Results Patients with MetS were older and had a higher body mass index than patients without MetS. Periodontal parameters (PI, GI, PD, and CAL) were higher in patients with MetS than in those without MetS. Serum LXA4 levels were higher in patients without MetS. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated a positive association between MetS and periodontal parameters (PD and CAL). Negative associations were established between MetS and LXA4 levels, and between LXA4 and periodontal parameters (PI, PD, and CAL). Conclusions The presence of higher values of periodontal parameters in patients with MetS and the negative relationship of LXA4 with MetS and periodontal disease may support the protective role of proresolving lipid mediators in the association between periodontal disease and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Burak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
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Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K, Yamazaki K. Nutrition as Adjunct Therapy in Periodontal Disease Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-019-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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63
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Chen M, Li L, Wang Z, Li P, Feng F, Zheng X. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid regulates P. gingivalis–induced inflammation and migration in human gingival fibroblasts via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 98:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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64
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Sun J, Liu Y, Qu Q, Qu J, Luo W, Zhang F, Wu M. [Effect of histone acetylation on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells derived from periodontitis tissue]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 37:102-105. [PMID: 30854829 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is defined as a change in gene expression without the alteration of the genetic sequence. Such a change would be inherited by offspring. Histone acetylation is a type of epigenetics. Existing studies proposed that chronic periodontitis is related to epigenetic modification. In this review, we summarised the influence of chronic periodontitis on periodontal ligament stem cells by histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Stomatology Health Care Center, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Stomatology Health Care Center, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Stomatology Health Care Center, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Juan Qu
- Stomatology Health Care Center, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Stomatology Health Care Center, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Stomatology Health Care Center, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Min Wu
- Stomatology Health Care Center, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
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65
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Xing Y, Zhang Y, Jia L, Xu X. Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli stimulates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin-induced TAZ elevation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 34. [PMID: 30387555 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), a type of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can be clinically applied in periodontal tissue regeneration to treat periodontitis, which is initiated and sustained by bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is a pertinent deleterious factor in the oral microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LPS on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, as well as the mechanisms involved. Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs were detected under the stimulation of Escherichia coli-derived LPS. The data showed that E. coli-derived LPS did not affect the proliferation, viability, and cell cycle of PDLSCs. Furthermore, it promoted osteogenic differentiation with the activation of TAZ. Lentivirus-mediated depletion of TAZ (transcriptional activator with a PDZ motif) was used to determine the role of TAZ on LPS-induced enhancement of osteogenesis. PDLSCs cultured in osteogenic media with or without LPS and DKK1 (Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor) were used to determine the regulatory effect of Wnt signaling. We found that TAZ depletion offset LPS-induced enhancement of osteogenesis. Moreover, treatment with DKK1 offset LPS-induced TAZ elevation and osteogenic promotion. In conclusion, E. coli-derived LPS promoted osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by fortifying TAZ activity. The elevation and activation of TAZ were mostly mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. PDLSC-governed alveolar bone tissue regeneration was not necessarily reduced under bacterial conditions and could be modulated by Wnt and TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linglu Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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66
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Lack of association between the toll-like receptor 4 gene c.896A > G polymorphism and the predisposition to periodontal disease: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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67
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Bali SK, Madaiah H, Dharmapalan J, Janarthanam S, Tarannum F. Effect of systemic long-term, low-dose aspirin on periodontal status and soluble CD14 in gingival crevicular fluid: a case-control study. JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE AND CLINICAL DENTISTRY 2018; 9:e12353. [PMID: 30062853 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, we evaluated the effect of systemic long-term, low-dose aspirin on the periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentrations of aspirin-triggered lipoxins (ATL) and soluble CD14 (sCD14). METHODS The study group consisted of 45 patients who were on long-term, low-dose aspirin therapy, and the control group included patients not on aspirin therapy. Mean bleeding index, plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. GCF samples were analyzed for concentrations of ATL, and sCD14 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS The means of PI, PD, and CAL were higher for the control group compared to the study group. The mean concentration of ATL was significantly higher for the study group (49.13 ± 37.39 ng/mL). The mean concentration of sCD14 was higher in the control group (5.75 ± 3.91 μg/mL). There was a negative correlation in the study group between concentrations of ATL with PD (r = -0.54) and CAL (r = -0.123). There was a positive correlation between sCD14 and CAL (r = 0.047) in the study group. A negative correlation was also observed between concentrations of sCD14 and ATL (r = -0.134) in the study group. CONCLUSION The results indicate better periodontal status among long-term aspirin users compared to non-aspirin users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet K Bali
- Department of Periodontics, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemalata Madaiah
- Department of Periodontics, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayanthi Dharmapalan
- Department of Periodontics, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanghamitra Janarthanam
- Department of Periodontics, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Fouzia Tarannum
- Department of Periodontics, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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68
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Özdoğan AI, İlarslan YD, Kösemehmetoğlu K, Akca G, Kutlu HB, Comerdov E, Iskit AB, Şenel S. In vivo evaluation of chitosan based local delivery systems for atorvastatin in treatment of periodontitis. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:470-476. [PMID: 30194012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria accumulation and results in cytokine mediated alveolar bone resorption and tissue destruction. In this study, the effect of locally delivered atorvastatin (2% w/v) containing chitosan formulations in the treatment of periodontitis was evaluated in rats with ligature induced periodontitis. The levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 were measured after treatment with formulations. Histomorphometric analysis included the measurements of the area of alveolar bone and the distance between cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and connective tissue attachment to tooth. Inflammatory and osteoclastic activity scores were given semiquantitatively. Following the administration of atorvastatin, release of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β1 and TGF-β2) cytokines was found to decrease, with a significant alveolar bone healing, when compared to that of control. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed to enhance in presence of chitosan. These findings suggest that chitosan based delivery system for a statin group drug, atorvastatin is a promising for the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Işılay Özdoğan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Yağmur D İlarslan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Kemal Kösemehmetoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Akca
- Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - H Burak Kutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Elnur Comerdov
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Alper B Iskit
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Sevda Şenel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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69
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Işılay Özdoğan A, Akca G, Şenel S. Development and in vitro evaluation of chitosan based system for local delivery of atorvastatin for treatment of periodontitis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:208-216. [PMID: 30171985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, statin group drugs have been widely investigated in treatment of periodontal diseases due to their anti-inflammatory effect. The efficacy of statins can be enhanced by local administration into the periodontal pocket by appropriate delivery systems. The aim of our study was to develop a bioadhesive delivery system for local delivery of atorvastatin in treatment of periodontal disease. For this purpose, gel formulations were prepared using different types of chitosan (base and water soluble) and viscosity, bioadhesivity and syringeability of the gels as well as in vitro drug release properties were investigated vitro. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effect of the formulations was studied in vitro using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alfa induced human gingival fibroblast (hGF) cells. Release of proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, IL-10) cytokines were measured after incubating the hGF cells with the formulations. The viscosity of the formulations was found to be suitable for a local application into periodontal pocket. In presence of drug, bioadhesive property of the formulations was found to increase, and bioadhesion force was within the range, which would retain the delivery system at the application site, subsequently maintain drug levels at desired amount for longer period of time. The release of atorvastatin from the gels was found to be slower than that of the solution. The cytokine levels were found to decrease following application of the formulations, and anti-inflammatory effect was observed to enhance in presence of chitosan. No significant differences were found between base and water-soluble chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Işılay Özdoğan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; Turkish Patent and Trademark Office, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Akca
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Sevda Şenel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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70
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Lee DJ, Wu L, Shimono M, Piao Z, Green DW, Lee JM, Jung HS. Differential Mechanism of Periodontitis Progression in Postmenopause. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1098. [PMID: 30246792 PMCID: PMC6113945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past four decades, it has become accepted that periodontal disease is caused by specific bacterial infections and that individuals are uniformly susceptible neither to these infections nor to the damage caused by them. The specific bacterial infections and the composition of the environment in which these bacteria easily settle cause an immune response. The immune cells involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis migrate into the periodontitis lesion and advance the disease. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the correlation between immune cell migration and progression of periodontal disease by inducing estrogen deficiency through ovariectomy (OVX) to mimic postmenopausal women and treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis induced periodontitis and absorption of the alveolar bone dose-dependently. However, the alveolar crest level reduction after LPS injection between OVX and Sham operated mice did not show a significant difference. Matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), which is known to be able to detect the progression of periodontitis in general, was not significantly different between OVX and Sham groups. However, immune cells such as T-lymphocytes and neutrophils migrated less overall in OVX groups than Sham operated groups. These findings can be a topic of debate on the old controversy regarding the relationship between periodontal disease and hormonal change. Currently, in clinical practice, menopause is not a major consideration in the treatment of periodontal disease. This study suggests that treatment methods and medication should be considered in the treatment of infectious periodontal disease in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lei Wu
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Masaki Shimono
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zhengguo Piao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David W Green
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.,Applied Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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71
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Lourenço AL, Booij-Vrieling HE, Vossebeld CB, Neves A, Viegas C, Corbee RJ. The effect of dietary corn oil and fish oil supplementation in dogs with naturally occurring gingivitis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1382-1389. [PMID: 29908038 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate if downregulation of the inflammatory response due to ingestion of high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can slow down gingivitis development, and thus delay the progression of periodontal disease (PD) in dogs. To this aim, 44 client-owned adult dogs (>1 and <8 years old) with naturally occurring PD (stages 1 and 2) were submitted to a plaque, gingivitis and calculus scoring followed by a dental cleaning procedure and collection of blood samples. The animals were then fed a canine adult maintenance diet, supplemented with either corn oil (0.00 g EPA and 0.00 g DHA) or fish oil (1.53 g EPA and 0.86 g DHA, both per 1,000 kcal ME) over the following 5 months. At the end of this period, the PD scoring and the blood sampling were repeated. The animals consuming fish oil had higher plasma levels of the longer chain (C ≥ 20) omega 3 fatty acids (p < 0.01) and similar plasma levels of alpha-linolenic acid (p = 0.53), omega 6 fatty acids (p > 0.63) and C reactive protein (p = 0.28) then the ones consuming corn oil. There were no differences between fish oil and corn oil diet supplementation on plaque (18.2 vs. 17.8, p = 0.78), calculus (10.1 vs. 11.5, p = 0.18) or gingivitis (19.3 vs. 19.0, p = 0.77) indexes. The authors conclude that supplementation with EPA + DHA does not slow down progression of PD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Lourenço
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Animal Science, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henriette E Booij-Vrieling
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen B Vossebeld
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - António Neves
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Animal Science, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ronald J Corbee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kim YG, Lee JH, Raorane CJ, Oh ST, Park JG, Lee J. Herring Oil and Omega Fatty Acids Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1241. [PMID: 29963020 PMCID: PMC6014104 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is notorious for its ability to become resistant to antibiotics and biofilms play a critical role in antibiotic tolerance. S. aureus is also capable of secreting several exotoxins associated with the pathogenesis of sepsis and pneumonia. Thus, the objectives of the study were to examine S. aureus biofilm formation in vitro, and the effects of herring oil and its main components, omega fatty acids [cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)], on virulence factor production and transcriptional changes in S. aureus. Herring oil decreased biofilm formation by two S. aureus strains. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several polyunsaturated fatty acids in herring oil, and of these, two omega-3 fatty acids, DHA and EPA, significantly inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation. In addition, herring oil, DHA, and EPA at 20 μg/ml significantly decreased the hemolytic effect of S. aureus on human red blood cells, and when pre-treated to S. aureus, the bacterium was more easily killed by human whole blood. Transcriptional analysis showed that herring oil, DHA, and EPA repressed the expression of the α-hemolysin hla gene. Furthermore, in a Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model, all three prolonged nematode survival in the presence of S. aureus. These findings suggest that herring oil, DHA, and EPA are potentially useful for controlling persistent S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Chaitany J Raorane
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Seong T Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jae G Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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73
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Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Alonso B, Herrera D. Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease? Periodontol 2000 2018; 75:152-188. [PMID: 28758300 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of periodontitis aims at preventing further disease progression with the intentions to reduce the risk of tooth loss, minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly restore lost periodontal tissue and provide information on maintaining a healthy periodontium. Therapeutic intervention includes introduction of techniques to change behavior, such as: individually tailored oral-hygiene instructions; a smoking-cessation program; dietary adjustment; subgingival instrumentation to remove plaque and calculus; local and systemic pharmacotherapy; and various types of surgery. No single treatment option has shown superiority, and virtually all types of mechanical periodontal treatment benefit from adjunctive antimicrobial chemotherapy. Periodontal treatment, because of the chronic nature of periodontitis, is a lifelong commitment to intricate oral-hygiene techniques, which, when properly implemented, will minimize the risk of disease initiation and progression.
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74
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Menceva Z, Dimitrovski O, Popovska M, Spasovski S, Spirov V, Petrushevska G. Free Gingival Graft versus Mucograft: Histological Evaluation. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:675-679. [PMID: 29731940 PMCID: PMC5927503 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The correction of the gingival recession is of esthetical and functional significance, but the tissue regeneration can only be confirmed by a histological examination. AIM: This study aims to make a comparison between the free gingival graft and the autograft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 24 patients with single and multiple gingival recessions. Twelve patients were treated with a free gingival graft and the other twelve with a micrograft. Six months after the surgical procedure, a micro-punch biopsy of the transplantation area was performed. The tissue was histologically evaluated, graded in 4 categories: immature, mature, fragmented and edematous collagen tissue. The elastic fibres were also examined and graded in three categories: with a normal structure, fragmented rare and fragmented multiplied. RESULTS: Regarding the type of collagen tissue that was present, there was a significant difference between the two groups of patients, with a larger number of patients treated with a micrograft showing a presence of mature tissue, compared to the patients treated with a free gingival graft. A larger number of patients in both of the groups displayed elastic fibres with a rare fragmented structure; 33.3% of the patients showed a normal structure; 50% demonstrated a normal structure. CONCLUSION: The patients treated with a free gingival graft showed a larger presence of fragmented collagen tissue and fragmented elastic fibres, whereas a mature tissue was predominantly present in the surgical area where a Geistlich Mucograft was placed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaklina Menceva
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Dental Clinical Centre St. Pantelejmon, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Oliver Dimitrovski
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Mirjana Popovska
- Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Spiro Spasovski
- Ordinary General Dentistry Dr. Spasovski, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vancho Spirov
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Dental Clinical Centre St. Pantelejmon, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Gordana Petrushevska
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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75
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Moro MG, Silveira Souto ML, Franco GCN, Holzhausen M, Pannuti CM. Efficacy of local phytotherapy in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:288-297. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Moro
- Department of Stomatology; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo (FO-USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. L. Silveira Souto
- Department of Stomatology; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo (FO-USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - G. C. N. Franco
- Department of General Biology; University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG); Paraná Brazil
| | - M. Holzhausen
- Department of Stomatology; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo (FO-USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. M. Pannuti
- Department of Stomatology; Division of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo (FO-USP); São Paulo Brazil
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76
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Gugliandolo E, Fusco R, D'Amico R, Militi A, Oteri G, Wallace JL, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Anti-inflammatory effect of ATB-352, a H2S -releasing ketoprofen derivative, on lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis in rats. Pharmacol Res 2017; 132:220-231. [PMID: 29287688 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is the most common cause of tooth loss in humans, is an inflammatory disease initiated by oral microbial biofilm. Given the involvement of the inflammatory pathway in this type of pathology, the main pharmacological strategy for the treatment of periodontitis, is the inhibition of the inflammatory process in order to prevent tissue destruction and bone resorption, a condition associated with a painful state. To do this, the best class of drugs are Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), however, the presence of side effects, especially at the gastrointestinal tract, limits their use for long-term therapy. Recently, some evidence shows that derivatives of NSAIDs capable of releasing hydrogen sulphide exhibit lower collateral effects, particularly at the gastric level. In fact, H2S is an endogenous gaseous mediator with a cytoprotective role at the gastric level. In this study, we have compared the protective effects of ketoprofen with ATB-352, a hydrogen sulfide-releasing derivative of ketoprofen, in an experimental model of periodontitis in rat. Periodontitis was induced by a single intragingival injection of 1 μl LPS (10 μg/μl), Our results show that 14 h after intragingival injection of LPS, there was a high tissue damage associated with bone resorption, and in gingivomucosal tissues there was a significant expression of NF-kb p65 and pro-inflammatory cytokine as well as a higher expression of COX-2 and iNOS, activation of the apoptotic process, and also increased levels of NGF expression, often associated with a higher nociceptive perception. Treatment with ATB-352 at the dose of 20mg\kg, was able to reduce the inflammatory process associated with intragingival LPS injection and also had a positive effect on bone resorption and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Angela Militi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Oteri
- Department of Dentistry and Medical and Surgical Experimental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - John L Wallace
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4 N1, Canada.
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina, 98166, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, no 31, Messina, 98166, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, USA.
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77
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Chiang N, Serhan CN. Structural elucidation and physiologic functions of specialized pro-resolving mediators and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:114-129. [PMID: 28336292 PMCID: PMC5623601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acute inflammatory response is host-protective to contain foreign invaders. Many of today's pharmacopeia that block pro-inflammatory chemical mediators can cause serious unwanted side effects such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered a pathophysiologic basis associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity and asthma, as well as the classic inflammatory diseases, e.g. arthritis, periodontal diseases. The inflammatory response is designated to be a self-limited process that produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of inflammatory responses. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) uncovered in recent years are endogenous mediators that include omega-3-derived families resolvins, protectins and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins that stimulate and promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduce pain and promote tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Here, we review recent evidence from human and preclinical animal studies, together with the structural and functional elucidation of SPM indicating the SPM as physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. These results suggest that it is time to develop immunoresolvents as agonists for testing resolution pharmacology in nutrition and health as well as in human diseases and during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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78
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Kurgan S, Kantarci A. Molecular basis for immunohistochemical and inflammatory changes during progression of gingivitis to periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:51-67. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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79
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80
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Mei L, Huang X, Xie Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Wang B, Wang H, Pan X, Wu C. An injectable in situ gel with cubic and hexagonal nanostructures for local treatment of chronic periodontitis. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1148-1158. [PMID: 28814112 PMCID: PMC8241103 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1359703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection, and its effective treatment is dependent on the retention of antibiotics of effective concentrations at the periodontal pockets. In this study, a solution-gel based inverse lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) system was explored to deliver metronidazole to the periodontal pockets for local treatment of periodontitis. It was found that the metronidazole-loaded LLC precursor spontaneously transformed into gel in the presence of water in the oral cavity. The low viscosity of the precursor would allow its penetration to the rather difficult to reach infection sites, while the adhesiveness and crystalline nanostructures (inverse bicontinuous cubic Pn3m phase and inverse hexagonal phase) of the formed gel would permit its firm adhesion to the periodontal pockets. The LLC system provided sustained drug release over one week in vitro. Results from in vivo study using a rabbit periodontitis model showed that the LLC system was able to maintain the metronidazole concentrations in the periodontal pockets above the minimum inhibition concentration for over 10 days without detectable drug concentration in the blood. Owing to the spontaneous solution-gel transition in the periodontal pockets and unique liquid crystalline nanostructures, the LLC in situ gel provided effective treatment of periodontitis for a prolonged period of time with reduced systematic side effects, compared to metronidazole suspension which was effective for 24 h with detectable metronidazole concentrations in the blood after 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xintian Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yecheng Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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81
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Albiero ML, Stipp RN, Saito MT, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Nociti FH, Silvério KG. Viability and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Progenitor Cells Are Maintained After Incubation With Porphyromonas gingivalis Protein Extract. J Periodontol 2017. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Laino Albiero
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Miki Taketomi Saito
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Zaffalon Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enilson Antonio Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Gonzales Silvério
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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82
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Han N, Zhang F, Li G, Zhang X, Lin X, Yang H, Wang L, Cao Y, Du J, Fan Z. Local application of IGFBP5 protein enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration via increasing the migration, cell proliferation and osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in an inflammatory niche. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:210. [PMID: 28962660 PMCID: PMC5622495 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a widespread infectious disease ultimately resulting in tooth loss. The number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in patients with periodontitis is decreased, and MSC functions are impaired. Rescuing the impaired function of MSCs in periodontitis is the key for treatment, especially in a manner independent of exogenous MSCs. Our previous study found that overexpressed insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) could promote exogenous MSC-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration. Here, we investigate the role of IGFBP5 protein in MSCs and periodontal tissue regeneration independent of exogenous MSCs in an inflammatory niche. Methods TNFα was used to mimic the inflammatory niche. Lentiviral IGFBP5 shRNA was used to silence IGFBP5 and recombinant human IGFBP5 protein (rhIGFBP5) was used to stimulate the periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The effects of IGFBP5 on PDLSCs were evaluated using the scratch-simulated wound migration, Transwell chemotaxis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining, Cell Counting Kit-8, Western blot, Real-time PCR, Co-IP and ChIP assays. The swine model of periodontitis was used to investigate the functions of IGFBP5 for periodontal regeneration and its anti-inflammation effect. Results We discovered that 0.5 ng/ml rhIGFBP5 protein enhanced the migration, chemotaxis, osteo/dentinogenic differentiation and cell proliferation of MSCs under the inflammatory condition. Moreover, 0.5 ng/ml rhIGFBP5 application could rescue the impaired functions of IGFBP5-silenced-MSCs in the inflammatory niche. Furthermore, local injection of rhIGFBP5 could promote periodontal tissue regeneration and relieve the local inflammation in a minipig model of periodontitis. Mechanistically, we found that BCOR negatively regulated the expression of IGFBP5 in MSCs. BCOR formed a protein complex with histone demethylase KDM6B and raised histone K27 methylation in the IGFBP5 promoter. Conclusions This study revealed that rhIGFBP5 could activate the functions of MSCs in an inflammatory niche, provided insight into the mechanism underlying the activated capacities of MSCs, and identified IGFBP5 as a potential cytokine for improving tissue regeneration and periodontitis treatment independent of exogenous MSCs and its potential application in dental clinic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0663-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
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83
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Rosa L, Cutone A, Lepanto MS, Paesano R, Valenti P. Lactoferrin: A Natural Glycoprotein Involved in Iron and Inflammatory Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:1985. [PMID: 28914813 PMCID: PMC5618634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091985&n948647=v984776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (hLf), an iron-binding multifunctional cationic glycoprotein secreted by exocrine glands and by neutrophils, is a key element of host defenses. HLf and bovine Lf (bLf), possessing high sequence homology and identical functions, inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm dependently from iron binding ability while, independently, bacterial adhesion to and the entry into cells. In infected/inflamed host cells, bLf exerts an anti-inflammatory activity against interleukin-6 (IL-6), thus up-regulating ferroportin (Fpn) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and down-regulating ferritin (Ftn), pivotal actors of iron and inflammatory homeostasis (IIH). Consequently, bLf inhibits intracellular iron overload, an unsafe condition enhancing in vivo susceptibility to infections, as well as anemia of inflammation (AI), re-establishing IIH. In pregnant women, affected by AI, bLf oral administration decreases IL-6 and increases hematological parameters. This surprising effect is unrelated to iron supplementation by bLf (80 μg instead of 1-2 mg/day), but to its role on IIH. AI is unrelated to the lack of iron, but to iron delocalization: cellular/tissue overload and blood deficiency. BLf cures AI by restoring iron from cells to blood through Fpn up-expression. Indeed, anti-inflammatory activity of oral and intravaginal bLf prevents preterm delivery. Promising bLf treatments can prevent/cure transitory inflammation/anemia/oral pathologies in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Stefania Lepanto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Paesano
- Department of Gynecological-Obstetric and Urological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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84
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Rosa L, Cutone A, Lepanto MS, Paesano R, Valenti P. Lactoferrin: A Natural Glycoprotein Involved in Iron and Inflammatory Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1985. [PMID: 28914813 PMCID: PMC5618634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (hLf), an iron-binding multifunctional cationic glycoprotein secreted by exocrine glands and by neutrophils, is a key element of host defenses. HLf and bovine Lf (bLf), possessing high sequence homology and identical functions, inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm dependently from iron binding ability while, independently, bacterial adhesion to and the entry into cells. In infected/inflamed host cells, bLf exerts an anti-inflammatory activity against interleukin-6 (IL-6), thus up-regulating ferroportin (Fpn) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and down-regulating ferritin (Ftn), pivotal actors of iron and inflammatory homeostasis (IIH). Consequently, bLf inhibits intracellular iron overload, an unsafe condition enhancing in vivo susceptibility to infections, as well as anemia of inflammation (AI), re-establishing IIH. In pregnant women, affected by AI, bLf oral administration decreases IL-6 and increases hematological parameters. This surprising effect is unrelated to iron supplementation by bLf (80 μg instead of 1-2 mg/day), but to its role on IIH. AI is unrelated to the lack of iron, but to iron delocalization: cellular/tissue overload and blood deficiency. BLf cures AI by restoring iron from cells to blood through Fpn up-expression. Indeed, anti-inflammatory activity of oral and intravaginal bLf prevents preterm delivery. Promising bLf treatments can prevent/cure transitory inflammation/anemia/oral pathologies in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Stefania Lepanto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Paesano
- Department of Gynecological-Obstetric and Urological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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85
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Zhang N, Lv H, Shi BH, Hou X, Xu X. Inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts by glycyrrhizin via activating LXRα. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:135-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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86
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Bartold PM, Van Dyke TE. Host modulation: controlling the inflammation to control the infection. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:317-329. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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87
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Van Dyke TE. Pro-resolving mediators in the regulation of periodontal disease. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:21-36. [PMID: 28483532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the dentition that is initiated by bacteria that form a biofilm on the surface of the teeth. The pathogenesis of the disease is a result of complex interactions between the biofilm and the host response that results in dysbiosis of the microbiome and dysregulation of the inflammatory response. Current data suggest that the excess inflammation associated with periodontitis is due to a failure of resolution of inflammation pathways. In this review, the relationship between inflammation and microbial dysbiosis is examined in the context of pro-inflammation and pro-resolution mediators and their ability to modify the course of disease. The impact of local oral inflammation on systemic inflammation and the relationship of periodontitis to other inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is reviewed. Active resolvers of inflammation, including the lipoxins and resolvins, show great promise as therapeutics for the treatment of periodontitis and other inflammatory diseases.
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88
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Serhan CN. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms. FASEB J 2017; 31:1273-1288. [PMID: 28087575 PMCID: PMC5349794 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601222r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Practitioners of ancient societies from the time of Hippocrates and earlier recognized and treated the signs of inflammation, heat, redness, swelling, and pain with agents that block or inhibit proinflammatory chemical mediators. More selective drugs are available today, but this therapeutic concept has not changed. Because the acute inflammatory response is host protective to contain foreign invaders, much of today's pharmacopeia can cause serious unwanted side effects, such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered pathophysiologic and is associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, and asthma, as well as classic inflammatory diseases (e.g., arthritis and periodontal diseases). The inflammatory response, when self-limited, produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of the response. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), identified in recent years, are endogenous mediators that include the n-3-derived families resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins, which promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduction of pain, and promotion of tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Aspirin and statins have a positive impact on these resolution pathways, producing epimeric forms of specific SPMs, whereas other drugs can disrupt timely resolution. In this article, evidence from recent human and preclinical animal studies is reviewed, indicating that SPMs are physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. The findings suggest that it is time to challenge current treatment practices-namely, using inhibitors and antagonists alone-and to develop immunoresolvents as agonists to test resolution pharmacology and their role in catabasis for their therapeutic potential.-Serhan, C. N. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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89
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Tonsekar PP, Jiang SS, Yue G. Periodontal disease, tooth loss and dementia: Is there a link? A systematic review. Gerodontology 2017; 34:151-163. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi P. Tonsekar
- Department of Periodontics; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Newark NJ USA
| | - Shuying S. Jiang
- Institutional Assessment and Quality Improvement; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Newark NJ USA
| | - Gang Yue
- Department of Periodontics; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Newark NJ USA
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90
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91
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Meyle J, Chapple I. Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2017; 69:7-17. [PMID: 26252398 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past decade of basic research in periodontology has driven radical changes in our understanding and perceptions of the pathogenic processes that drive periodontal tissue destruction. The core elements of the classical model of disease pathogenesis, developed by Page & Kornman in 1997, remain pertinent today; however, our understanding of the dynamic interactions between the various microbial and host factors has changed significantly. The molecular era has unraveled aspects of genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle and environmental factors that, in combination, influence biofilm composition and the host's inflammatory immune response, creating a heterogenic biological phenotype that we label as 'periodontitis'. In this volume of Periodontology 2000, experts in their respective fields discuss these emerging concepts, such as a health-promoting biofilm being essential for periodontal stability, involving a true symbiosis between resident microbial species and each other and also with the host response to that biofilm. Rather like the gut microbiome, changes in the local environment, which may include inflammatory response mediators or viruses, conspire to drive dysbiosis and create a biofilm that supports pathogenic species capable of propagating disease. The host response is now recognized as the major contributor to periodontal tissue damage in what becomes a dysfunctional, poorly targeted and nonresolving inflammation that only serves to nourish and sustain the dysbiosis. The role of epithelial cells in signaling to the immune system is becoming clearer, as is the role of dendritic cells as transporters of periodontal pathogens to distant sites within the body, namely metastatic infection. The involvement of nontraditional immune cells, such as natural killer cells, is being recognized, and the simple balance between T-helper 1- and T-helper 2-type T-cell populations has become less clear with the emergence of T-regulatory cells, T-helper 17 cells and follicular helper cells. The dominance of the neutrophil has emerged, not only as a potential destructor when poorly regulated but as an equally unpredictable effector cell for specific B-cell immunity. The latter has emerged, in part, from the realization that neutrophils live for 5.4 days in the circulation, rather than for 24 h, and are also schizophrenic in nature, being powerful synthesizers of proinflammatory cytokines but also responding to prostaglandin signals to trigger a switch to a pro-resolving phenotype that appears capable of regenerating the structure and function of healthy tissue. Key to these outcomes are the molecular signaling pathways that dominate at any one time, but even these are influenced by microRNAs capable of 'silencing' certain inflammatory genes. This volume of Periodontology 2000 tries to draw these complex new learnings into a contemporary model of disease pathogenesis, in which inflammation and dysbiosis impact upon whether the outcome is driven toward acute resolution and stability, chronic resolution and repair, or failed resolution and ongoing periodontal tissue destruction.
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Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Animal models for periodontal regeneration and peri-implant responses. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:66-82. [PMID: 25867980 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Translation of experimental data to the clinical setting requires the safety and efficacy of such data to be confirmed in animal systems before application in humans. In dental research, the animal species used is dependent largely on the research question or on the disease model. Periodontal disease and, by analogy, peri-implant disease, are complex infections that result in a tissue-degrading inflammatory response. It is impossible to explore the complex pathogenesis of periodontitis or peri-implantitis using only reductionist in-vitro methods. Both the disease process and healing of the periodontal and peri-implant tissues can be studied in animals. Regeneration (after periodontal surgery), in response to various biologic materials with potential for tissue engineering, is a continuous process involving various types of tissue, including epithelia, connective tissues and alveolar bone. The same principles apply to peri-implant healing. Given the complexity of the biology, animal models are necessary and serve as the standard for successful translation of regenerative materials and dental implants to the clinical setting. Smaller species of animal are more convenient for disease-associated research, whereas larger animals are more appropriate for studies that target tissue healing as the anatomy of larger animals more closely resembles human dento-alveolar architecture. This review focuses on the animal models available for the study of regeneration in periodontal research and implantology; the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model; the interpretation of data acquired; and future perspectives of animal research, with a discussion of possible nonanimal alternatives. Power calculations in such studies are crucial in order to use a sample size that is large enough to generate statistically useful data, whilst, at the same time, small enough to prevent the unnecessary use of animals.
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93
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Groeger S, Jarzina F, Domann E, Meyle J. Porphyromonas gingivalis activates NFκB and MAPK pathways in human oral epithelial cells. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:1. [PMID: 28056810 PMCID: PMC5217430 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterial biofilm at the gingival margin induces a host immune reaction. In this local inflammation epithelial cells defend the host against bacterial challenge. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone pathogen, infects epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the activation of signaling cascades in primary epithelial cells and oral cancer cell lines by a profiler PCR array. RESULTS After infection with P. gingivalis membranes the RNA of 16 to 33 of 84 key genes involved in the antibacterial immune response was up-regulated, amongst them were IKBKB (NF-κB signaling pathway), IRF5 (TLR signaling) and JUN, MAP2K4, MAPK14 and MAPK8 (MAPK pathway) in SCC-25 cells and IKBKB, IRF5, JUN, MAP2K4, MAPK14 and MAPK8 in PHGK. Statistically significant up-regulation of IKBKB (4.7 ×), MAP2K4 (4.6 ×), MAPK14 (4.2 ×) and IRF5 (9.8 ×) (p < 0.01) was demonstrated in SCC-25 cells and IKBKB (3.1 ×), MAP2K4 (4.0 ×) MAPK 14 (3.0 ×) (p < 0.05), IRF5 (3.0 ×) and JUN (7.7 ×) (p < 0.01) were up-regulated in PHGK. CONCLUSIONS P. gingivalis membrane up-regulates the expression of genes involved in downstream TLR, NFκB and MAPK signaling pathways involved in the pro-inflammatory immune response in primary and malignant oral epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Jarzina
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eugen Domann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology - German Center for Infection Research, DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen - Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Cianci E, Trubiani O, Diomede F, Merciaro I, Meschini I, Bruni P, Croce F, Romano M. Immobilization and delivery of biologically active Lipoxin A 4 using electrospinning technology. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:254-261. [PMID: 27732897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxin (LX)A4 is a lipoxygenase-formed arachidonic acid metabolite with potent anti-inflammatory, pro-resolution properties. Its therapeutic efficacy has been largely demonstrated in a variety of cellular, preclinical and clinical models. Among these, periodontal disease, where LXA4 promotes tissue repair, also by modulating functions of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). As medicated biomembranes may be particularly useful in clinical settings, where local stimulation of tissue repair is needed, we used electrospinning to embed LXA4 in membranes made of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA). These membranes were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and biocompatibility with hPDLSCs. Here, we report that LXA4 is retained in these membranes and that ∼15-20% of the total LXA4 amount added to the reaction can be eluted from the membranes using an aqueous buffered medium. The eluted LXA4 fully retained its capability to stimulate hPDLSC proliferation. A similar effect was obtained by adding directly the LXA4-containing membranes to cells. These results demonstrate for the first time that LXA4 can be incorporated into biomembranes, which may be useful to combat local inflammation and promote tissue repair in selected clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cianci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Merciaro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ida Meschini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" Universtity of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pantaleone Bruni
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" Universtity of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fausto Croce
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" Universtity of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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95
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Shaw L, Harjunmaa U, Doyle R, Mulewa S, Charlie D, Maleta K, Callard R, Walker AS, Balloux F, Ashorn P, Klein N. Distinguishing the Signals of Gingivitis and Periodontitis in Supragingival Plaque: a Cross-Sectional Cohort Study in Malawi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6057-67. [PMID: 27520811 PMCID: PMC5038043 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01756-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Periodontal disease ranges from gingival inflammation (gingivitis) to the inflammation and loss of tooth-supporting tissues (periodontitis). Previous research has focused mainly on subgingival plaque, but supragingival plaque composition is also known to be associated with disease. Quantitative modeling of bacterial abundances across the natural range of periodontal severities can distinguish which features of disease are associated with particular changes in composition. We assessed a cross-sectional cohort of 962 Malawian women for periodontal disease and used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (V5 to V7 region) to characterize the bacterial compositions of supragingival plaque samples. Associations between bacterial relative abundances and gingivitis/periodontitis were investigated by using negative binomial models, adjusting for epidemiological factors. We also examined bacterial cooccurrence networks to assess community structure. The main differences in supragingival plaque compositions were associated more with gingivitis than periodontitis, including higher bacterial diversity and a greater abundance of particular species. However, even after controlling for gingivitis, the presence of subgingival periodontitis was associated with an altered supragingival plaque. A small number of species were associated with periodontitis but not gingivitis, including members of Prevotella, Treponema, and Selenomonas, supporting a more complex disease model than a linear progression following gingivitis. Cooccurrence networks of periodontitis-associated taxa clustered according to periodontitis across all gingivitis severities. Species including Filifactor alocis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were central to this network, which supports their role in the coaggregation of periodontal biofilms during disease progression. Our findings confirm that periodontitis cannot be considered simply an advanced stage of gingivitis even when only considering supragingival plaque. IMPORTANCE Periodontal disease is a major public health problem associated with oral bacteria. While earlier studies focused on a small number of periodontal pathogens, it is now accepted that the whole bacterial community may be important. However, previous high-throughput marker gene sequencing studies of supragingival plaque have largely focused on high-income populations with good oral hygiene without including a range of periodontal disease severities. Our study includes a large number of low-income participants with poor oral hygiene and a wide range of severities, and we were therefore able to quantitatively model bacterial abundances as functions of both gingivitis and periodontitis. A signal associated with periodontitis remains after controlling for gingivitis severity, which supports the concept that, even when only considering supragingival plaque, periodontitis is not simply an advanced stage of gingivitis. This suggests the future possibility of diagnosing periodontitis based on bacterial occurrences in supragingival plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Shaw
- Institute for Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla Harjunmaa
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ronan Doyle
- Institute for Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simeon Mulewa
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Davie Charlie
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Ken Maleta
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Robin Callard
- Institute for Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nigel Klein
- Institute for Child Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom
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Ling MR, Chapple ILC, Matthews JB. Neutrophil superoxide release and plasma C-reactive protein levels pre- and post-periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:652-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Ling
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; The University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Iain L. C. Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; The University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - John B. Matthews
- Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; The University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
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97
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Chaffee BW, Couch ET, Ryder MI. The tobacco-using periodontal patient: role of the dental practitioner in tobacco cessation and periodontal disease management. Periodontol 2000 2016; 71:52-64. [PMID: 27045430 PMCID: PMC4842013 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of tobacco use has declined in some parts of the world, tobacco use remains a persistent and, in some cases, growing problem that will continue to be a fundamental challenge facing dental practitioners in the decades ahead. Dental practitioners have a unique opportunity and professional obligation to be a positive influence in reducing the economic and social burden inflicted by tobacco use on dental and general health. In this article, the current noninvasive, evidence-based approaches are presented for dental practitioners to help patients avoid initiating tobacco use, to encourage and assist patients in ceasing tobacco use and to address tobacco-induced damage to periodontal supporting tissues.
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98
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Abstract
This introductory article examines the potential mechanisms that may play a role in the associations between periodontitis and the systemic conditions being considered in the EFP/AAP Workshop in Segovia, Spain. Three basic mechanisms have been postulated to play a role in these interactions; metastatic infections,inflammation and inflammatory injury, and adaptive immunity. The potential role of each alone and together is considered in in vitro and animal studies and in human studies when available. This is not a systematic or critical review, but rather an overview of the field to set the stage for the critical reviews in each of the working groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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99
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Santos RS, Macedo RF, Souza EA, Soares RSC, Feitosa DS, Sarmento CFM. The use of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of refractory periodontitis: A systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 147:577-85. [PMID: 27037225 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal in treating refractory periodontitis (RP) is to arrest or slow disease progression, which usually has included the use of systemic antibiotics adjunct to conventional mechanical debridement. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence that the association of systemic antibiotics with conventional mechanical debridement increases the efficacy of periodontal therapy in the treatment of RP. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors searched for studies in PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Thomson Reuters Web of Science, Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, and Scientific Electronic Library Online electronic databases by using selected key words from the earliest records up through October 31, 2014. Only clinical intervention studies in which investigators compared the treatment of participants with RP with either mechanical debridement alone or associated with systemic antibiotics were eligible for selection. Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias of each selected study. RESULTS The authors identified 13 articles and included 6 of them. Investigators in all studies reported greater reductions in probing depth or in loss of clinical attachment level after adjunct systemic antibiotic therapy when compared with mechanical debridement alone. Antibiotics tested included metronidazole, clindamycin, tetracycline hydrochloride, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate. Five studies presented a high risk of bias, and 1 study presented an unclear risk. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The overall quality of the evidence does not allow the conclusion that adjunct systemic antibiotics are of additional benefit to conventional mechanical debridement alone.
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100
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Söder B, Andersson LC, Meurman JH, Söder PÖ. Unique database study linking gingival inflammation and smoking in carcinogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140041. [PMID: 25533098 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated statistical association between gingival inflammation and cancer in a group of patients followed up for 26 years with the hypothesis that gingival inflammation affects carcinogenesis. Altogether, 1676 30- to 40-year-old subjects from Stockholm were clinically examined in 1985. In 2011, we compared the baseline oral examination and follow-up data with cancer diagnoses sourced from the Swedish national hospital register databases. Of 1676 individuals, 89 (55 women, 34 men) had got cancer by the year 2011. Women were found to be at higher risk for cancer than men. Smoking (expressed in pack-years) had been more prevalent in the cancer group than in those with no cancer diagnosis. Gingival index, marker of gingival inflammation, was higher in the cancer group than in subjects with no cancer. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding age, education, dental plaque and calculus index scores, or in the number of missing teeth. In multiple logistic regression analysis with cancer as the dependent variable and several independent variables, pack-years of smoking appeared to be a principal independent predictor with odds ratio (OR) 1.32 while gingival inflammation showed OR 1.29. Hence, our present findings showed that together with smoking, gingival inflammation indeed associated with the incidence of cancer in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Söder
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leif C Andersson
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka H Meurman
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Östen Söder
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
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