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Rahman S, Shering M, Ogden NH, Lindsay R, Badawi A. Toll-like receptor cascade and gene polymorphism in host-pathogen interaction in Lyme disease. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9:91-102. [PMID: 27330321 PMCID: PMC4898433 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s104790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) risk occurs in North America and Europe where the tick vectors of the causal agent Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are found. It is associated with local and systemic manifestations, and has persistent posttreatment health complications in some individuals. The innate immune system likely plays a critical role in both host defense against B. burgdorferi and disease severity. Recognition of B. burgdorferi, activation of the innate immune system, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and modulation of the host adaptive responses are all initiated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). A number of Borrelia outer-surface proteins (eg, OspA and OspB) are recognized by TLRs. Specifically, TLR1 and TLR2 were identified as the receptors most relevant to LD. Several functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in TLR genes, and are associated with varying cytokines types and synthesis levels, altered pathogen recognition, and disruption of the downstream signaling cascade. These single-nucleotide polymorphism-related functional alterations are postulated to be linked to disease development and posttreatment persistent illness. Elucidating the role of TLRs in LD may facilitate a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and can provide an insight into novel therapeutic targets during active disease or postinfection and posttreatment stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusmita Rahman
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Shering
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Ogden
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Robbin Lindsay
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ellulu MS, Khaza'ai H, Patimah I, Rahmat A, Abed Y. Effect of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:29268. [PMID: 26829184 PMCID: PMC4734034 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a degree of excess weight that predisposes people to metabolic syndromes via an inflammatory mechanism. Hypertensive and diabetic people have higher risks of developing systemic inflammation. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC ω-3 PUFAs) can reduce the cardiovascular events and help against inflammation. Objective To identify the effects of LC ω-3 PUFAs on reducing the levels of inflammatory markers on hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults. Materials and methods Sixty-four patients, who were hypertensive and/or diabetic obese with high levels of inflammatory markers, from primary healthcare centers of Gaza City, Palestine, enrolled in two groups of an open-label, parallel, randomized, controlled trial for 8 weeks. Thirty-three patients were in the control group, and 31 patients were in the experimental group. The experimental group was treated with a daily dose of 300 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 200 mg of docosahexaenoic acid. Results Treatment with LC ω-3 PUFAs significantly reduced the level of high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) [14.78±10.7 to 8.49±6.69 mg/L, p<0.001], fasting blood glucose (FBG) [178.13±58.54 to 157.32±59.77 mg/dL, p=0.024], and triglyceride (TG) [209.23±108.3 to 167.0±79.9 mg/dL, p<0.05] after 8 weeks of treatment, whereas no significant changes appeared in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and total cholesterol (TC). In the control group, significant reduction was detected for FBG [187.15±64.8 to 161.91±37.9 mg/dL, p<0.05] and TG [202.91±107.0 to 183.45±95.82 mg/dL, p<0.05], and no changes for hs-CRP, IL-6, or TC. By comparing the experimental group with the changes of control group at the endpoint, LC ω-3 PUFAs did not reach the clinical significance in treating effectiveness for any of the clinical variables. Conclusion LC ω-3 PUFAs have recommended effects on health; the obtained results can improve the role of LC ω-3 PUFAs as a protective factor on inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The time allowed or the dose used could be insufficient to achieve full treatment affectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Ellulu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huzwah Khaza'ai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ismail Patimah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yehia Abed
- Faculty of Public Health, Al Quds University of Gaza, Gaza City, Palestine
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Association of menopause age and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Menopause 2016; 22:527-33. [PMID: 25290536 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopause age can affect the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of early menopause (menopause occurring before age 45 y) and menopause age with N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a potential risk marker of CVD and heart failure. METHODS Our cross-sectional study included 2,275 postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 85 years and without clinical CVD (2000-2002), from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Participants were classified as having or not having early menopause. NT-proBNP was log-transformed. Multivariable linear regression was used for analysis. RESULTS Five hundred sixty-one women had early menopause. The median (25th-75th percentiles) NT-proBNP value was 79.0 (41.1-151.6) pg/mL for all participants, 83.4 (41.4-164.9) pg/mL for women with early menopause, and 78.0 (40.8-148.3) pg/mL for women without early menopause. The mean (SD) age was 65 (10.1) and 65 (8.9) years for women with and without early menopause, respectively. No significant interactions between menopause age and ethnicity were observed. In multivariable analysis, early menopause was associated with a 10.7% increase in NT-proBNP levels, whereas each 1-year increase in menopause age was associated with a 0.7% decrease in NT-proBNP levels. CONCLUSIONS Early menopause is associated with greater NT-proBNP levels, whereas each 1-year increase in menopause age is associated with lower NT-proBNP levels, in postmenopausal women.
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Zhang J, Ye J, Guo G, Lan Z, Li X, Pan Z, Rao X, Zheng Z, Luo F, Lin L, Lin Z, Xue Y. Vitamin D Status Is Negatively Correlated with Insulin Resistance in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:1794894. [PMID: 27413370 PMCID: PMC4931076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1794894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Vitamin D deficiency plays a role in insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Little information is available about the association between vitamin D status and insulin resistance in the Chinese population. Currently, vitamin D status is evaluated by the concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. This study explores the relationship between insulin resistance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Methods. This study included 117 patients with type 2 diabetes. The following variables were measured: 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBS), fasting blood insulin (FINS), fasting blood C-peptide, serum creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI), and homeostatic model estimates of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results. The cases were divided into three groups: Group 1 (G1) with 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL [≤50 nmol/L], Group 2 (G2) with 25(OH)D values from 20 ng/mL [50 nmol/L] to 30 ng/mL [75 nmol/L], and Group 3 (G3) with 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL [≥75 nmol/L], with 52.6%, 26.3%, and 21.1% of subjects in Groups 1-3, respectively. There was a negative correlation between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR (β = -0.314, p = 0.001) adjusted by age, BMI, and eGFR. Conclusion. Better vitamin D status may be protective of glucose homeostasis since 25(OH)D was negatively associated with insulin resistance in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Xiamen Second Hospital affiliated Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jianhong Ye
- Xiamen Second Hospital affiliated Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Xiamen Second Hospital affiliated Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhenhao Lan
- Sanming City Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sanming 365000, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Xiamen Second Hospital affiliated Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xianming Rao
- Xiamen Second Hospital affiliated Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zongji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fangtao Luo
- Xiamen Second Hospital affiliated Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Xiamen Second Hospital affiliated Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Xiamen Second Hospital affiliated Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- *Yaoming Xue:
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Akinkuolie AO, Pradhan AD, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Mora S. Novel protein glycan side-chain biomarker and risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1544-50. [PMID: 25908766 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enzymatically glycosylated proteins partake in multiple biological processes, including glucose transport and inflammation. We hypothesized that a novel biomarker (GlycA) of N-acetyl methyl groups originating mainly from N-acetylglucosamine moieties of acute-phase glycoproteins is related to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared it with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. APPROACH AND RESULTS In 26,508 initially healthy women free of diabetes mellitus, baseline GlycA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. During median follow-up of 17.2 years, 2087 type 2 diabetes mellitus cases occurred. In Cox models with adjustment for age, race, smoking, alcohol, activity, menopausal status, hormone use, family history, and body mass index, quartile 4 versus 1 hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 2.67 (2.26-3.14) for GlycA and 3.93 (3.24-4.77) for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; both P trend <0.0001. Associations for GlycA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were attenuated after additionally adjusting for lipids: 1.65 (1.39-1.95) and 2.83 (2.32-3.44), respectively, both P trend <0.0001, and after mutual adjustment: 1.11 (0.93-1.33; P trend=0.10) and 2.57 (2.09-3.16; P trend<0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of an association between a consensus glycan sequence common to a host of acute-phase reactants and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus provides further support for inflammation in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additional studies exploring the role of enzymatic glycosylation in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus are warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000479.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde O Akinkuolie
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., A.D.P., J.E.B., P.MR., S.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aruna D Pradhan
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., A.D.P., J.E.B., P.MR., S.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., A.D.P., J.E.B., P.MR., S.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., A.D.P., J.E.B., P.MR., S.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samia Mora
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine (A.O.A., A.D.P., J.E.B., P.MR., S.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (P.MR., S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Fedorova IA, Danilenko VN. Immunogenic properties of a probiotic component of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086414060036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Anti-inflammatory of Purple Roselle Extract in Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozotocin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Seto SW, Yang GY, Kiat H, Bensoussan A, Kwan YW, Chang D. Diabetes Mellitus, Cognitive Impairment, and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:810439. [PMID: 26060494 PMCID: PMC4427766 DOI: 10.1155/2015/810439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder affecting a large number of people worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that DM can cause damage to multiple systems, leading to complications such as heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disorders. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that DM is closely associated with dementia and cognition dysfunction, with recent research focusing on the role of DM-mediated cerebrovascular damage in dementia. Despite the therapeutic benefits of antidiabetic agents for the treatment of DM-mediated cognitive dysfunction, most of these pharmaceutical agents are associated with various undesirable side-effects and their long-term benefits are therefore in doubt. Early evidence exists to support the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions, which tend to have minimal toxicity and side-effects. More importantly, these TCM interventions appear to offer significant effects in reducing DM-related complications beyond blood glucose control. However, more research is needed to further validate these claims and to explore their relevant mechanisms of action. The aims of this paper are (1) to provide an updated overview on the association between DM and cognitive dysfunction and (2) to review the scientific evidence underpinning the use of TCM interventions for the treatment and prevention of DM-induced cognitive dysfunction and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Seto
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - G. Y. Yang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - H. Kiat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - A. Bensoussan
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Y. W. Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - D. Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- *D. Chang:
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García-Bailo B, Josse AR, Jamnik J, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A. Positive association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and C-reactive protein is confounded by hormonal contraceptive use. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 22:417-25. [PMID: 23659482 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2012.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the relationship between vitamin D and inflammation are equivocal. This may be due to unaccounted confounding. Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use is associated with elevated circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in Caucasians and African-Americans, but its effects on 25(OH)D in other ethnicities are unclear. HC use is associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker. Our objectives were to assess the effect of HC use on 25(OH)D across ethnic groups, and to examine the association between HC, 25(OH)D and CRP in an ethnically diverse population of young adults. METHODS We recruited Caucasian, East Asian, and South Asian individuals (n=1,403) from Toronto, Canada. Fasting blood measures of 25(OH)D and CRP were obtained. RESULTS Across ethnic groups, women HC users (n=280) had higher 25(OH)D and CRP than women HC non-users (n=695) and men (n=428) (p<0.008 and p<0.0001, respectively). Circulating 25(OH)D was positively associated with CRP in the entire population in models not accounting for HC use (β=0.010±0.003; p<0.0001). There was no association when men and women HC non-users were examined separately. Among women HC users, there was no association after accounting for hormone dose. A positive association between 25(OH)D and CRP among individuals above the median 25(OH)D (≥51.9 nmol/L) was not significant after adjustment for HC use. No association was observed among individuals below the median. CONCLUSIONS HC use and 25(OH)D were positively associated across ethnic groups. We found no association between 25(OH)D and CRP when HC use was accounted for. HC use confounds the association between 25(OH)D and CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana García-Bailo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
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Wang YD, Chen WD, Li C, Guo C, Li Y, Qi H, Shen H, Kong J, Long X, Yuan F, Wang X, Huang W. Farnesoid X receptor antagonizes JNK signaling pathway in liver carcinogenesis by activating SOD3. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 29:322-31. [PMID: 25496033 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a key metabolic and homeostatic regulator in the liver. In the present work, we identify a novel role of FXR in antagonizing c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in liver carcinogenesis by activating superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) transcription. Compared with wild-type mouse liver, FXR(-/-) mouse liver showed elevated JNK phosphorylation. JNK1 deletion suppressed the increase of diethylnitrosamine-induced tumor number in FXR(-/-) mice. These results suggest that JNK1 plays a key role in chemical-induced liver carcinogenesis in FXR(-/-) mice. We found that ligand-activated FXR was able to alleviate H₂O₂or tetradecanoylphorbol acetate-induced JNK phosphorylation in human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells or mouse primary hepatocytes. FXR ligand decreased H₂O₂-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in wild-type but not FXR(-/-) mouse hepatocytes. FXR knockdown abolished the inhibition of 3-[2-[2-chloro-4-[[3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1-methylethyl)-4-isoxazolyl]methoxy]phenyl]ethenyl]-Benzoic acid (GW4064) on JNK phosphorylation and ROS production induced by H₂O₂in HepG2 cells. The gene expression of SOD3, an antioxidant defense enzyme, was increased by FXR activation in vitro and in vivo. An FXR-responsive element, inverted repeat separated by 1 nucleotide in SOD3 promoter, was identified by a combination of transcriptional reporter assays, EMSAs, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, which indicated that SOD3 could be a direct FXR target gene. SOD3 knockdown abolished the inhibition of GW4064 on JNK phosphorylation induced by H₂O₂in HepG2 cells. In summary, FXR may regulate SOD3 expression to suppress ROS production, resulting in decreasing JNK activity. These results suggest that FXR, as a novel JNK suppressor, may be an attractive therapeutic target for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering (Y.-D.W., C.G., X.L.), College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China; Pathogenic Organisms and Immunology Lab (W.-D.C., C.L.), School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery (W.D.C., Y.L., H.Q., H.S., J.K.), School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, People's Republic of China; and Division of Molecular Diabetes Research (F.Y., X.W., W.H.), Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010
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Maleki A, Rashidi N, Aghaei Meybodi H, Montazeri M, Montazeri M, Falsafi F, Ghanavati R, Forughi S, Alyari F. Metabolic syndrome and inflammatory biomarkers in adults: a population-based survey in Western region of iran. Int Cardiovasc Res J 2014; 8:156-60. [PMID: 25614859 PMCID: PMC4302503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that inflammation may be involved in pathogenesis of MetS. Inflammatory biomarkers are moving to the forefront as the potent predictors of MetS. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the association between MetS and some inflammatory biomarkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 subjects aged above 35 years selected through random sampling in Borujerd (west of Iran) from 2011 to 2013. MetS was defined based on ATP III criteria and the subjects were divided into two groups (MetS and non-MetS groups). Waist circumference and Body Mass Index (BMI) were calculated. In addition, blood samples were taken and C-Reactive Protein (CRP), lipid profile, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), and Bleeding Time (BT) were measured. Then, the correlations between MetS and the above-mentioned variables were estimated. After all, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v. 17) and analyzed using T-test, chi-square, median test, and spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS In this study, 344 subjects (43%) met the ATP III criteria. The results showed a significant difference between MetS and non-MetS groups regarding BMI, white blood cell, total cholesterol, LDL, platelet, and high-sensitivity CPR (hs-CRP) (P < 0.0001, P = 0.040, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.045, respectively). Besides, waist circumference, Triglyceride (TG), FBS, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher, while HDL was significantly lower in the MetS group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of MetS in our survey was higher compared to the previous reports. In addition, this incidence rate was higher in females in comparison to males. The results also showed a significant correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and MetS and that the higher levels of hs-CRP were associated with higher rate of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maleki
- Department of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran
| | - Negin Rashidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghaei Meybodi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahdi Montazeri
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran,Corresponding author: Mahdi Montazeri, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Northern Kargar Avenue, Tehran, IR Iran, Tel: +98-2122976951, Fax: +98-2122976951, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Montazeri
- Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Farid Falsafi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reza Ghanavati
- Department of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran
| | - Saeid Forughi
- School of Nursing, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran
| | - Farshid Alyari
- Imam Khomeini Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran
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Badawi A, Sayegh S, Sallam M, Sadoun E, Al-Thani M, Alam MW, Arora P. The global relationship between the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and incidence of tuberculosis: 2000-2012. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 7:183-91. [PMID: 25716376 PMCID: PMC4796449 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n2p183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The dual burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased over the past decade with DM prevalence increasing in countries already afflicted with a high burden of TB. The coexistence of the two conditions presents a serious threat to global public health. Objective: The present study examines the global relationship between the prevalence of DM and the incidence of TB to evaluate their coexistence worldwide and their contribution to one another. Methods: This is an ecological longitudinal study covering the period between years 2000 to 2012. We utilized data from the WHO and World Bank sources and International Diabetes Federation to estimate prevalence of DM (%) and the incidence of TB (per 100,000). Measures of central tendency and dispersion as well as the harmonic mean and linear regression were used for different WHO regions. The association between DM prevalence and TB incidence was examined by quartile of DM prevalence. Results: The worldwide average (±S.D.) prevalence of DM within the study period was 6.6±3.8% whereas TB incidence was 135.0±190.5 per 100,000. DM prevalence was highest in the Eastern Mediterranean (8.3±4.1) and West Pacific (8.2±5.6) regions and lowest in the Africa (3.5±2.6). TB incidence was highest in Africa (313.1±275.9 per 100,000) and South-East Asia (216.7±124.9) and lowest in the European (46.5±68.6) and American (47.2±52.9) regions. Only countries with high DM prevalence (>7.6%) showed a significant positive association with TB incidence (r=0.17, p=0.013). Conclusion: A positive association between DM and TB may exist in some – but not all – world regions, a dual burden that necessitates identifying the nature of this coexistence to assist in developing public health approaches that curb their rising burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Badawi
- Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada Toronto, ON Canada.
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Das UN. Nutritional factors in the prevention and management of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Nutrition 2014; 31:283-91. [PMID: 25592005 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional factors such as magnesium, folic acid, vitamins B12 and B6, L-arginine, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) appear to be significantly beneficial for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and in the prevention and arresting the progression of HF and cardiac arrhythmias. Additionally, ingestion of adequate amounts of protein and maintaining normal concentrations of plasma albumin seem to be essential for these patients. These nutrients closely interact with the metabolism of L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) system, essential fatty acids, and eicosanoids such that beneficial products such as NO, prostaglandin E1, prostacyclin, prostaglandin I3, lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins are generated and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines is suppressed that results in platelet anti-aggregation, vasodilation, angiogenesis, and prevention of CAD, cardiac arrhythmias, and stabilization of HF. This implies that individuals at high risk for CAD, cardiac arrhythmias, and HF and those who have these diseases need to be screened for plasma levels of magnesium, folic acid, vitamins B12 and B6, L-arginine, NO, various PUFAs, lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins, asymmetrical dimethylarginine (an endogenous inhibitor of NO), albumin, and various eicosanoids and cytokines and correct their abnormalities to restore normal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Federal Way, WA, USA and Department of Medicine and BioScience Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, Campus of GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India.
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Lelli L, Castellini G, Gabbani T, Godini L, Rotella F, Ricca V. Associations between liver enzymes, psychopathological and clinical features in eating disorders. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2014; 22:443-7. [PMID: 25139759 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are frequently reported in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and in subjects who are overweight or with hyperlipidemia, which can be found to be associated with binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Liver functioning and psychopathological features have been evaluated in 43 patients with AN, 33 with BN, and 32 with BED. Body mass index was found to be inversely associated with AST and ALT in AN, and directly associated with AST and ALT in BED. A positive association between ALT and AST and body shape concern in AN was observed. Liver enzymes could be considered as an index of severity in AN and BED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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65
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and dementia in the elderly. T2DM has been thought to be associated with vascular diseases, eventually leading to vascular dementia, but recent studies have established that T2DM is also associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the increase in the number of elderly individuals with T2DM, the number of diabetic patients with cognitive dysfunction has been increasing. T2DM may accelerate AD-associated pathologies through insulin resistance. Vascular pathologies may also be associated with cognitive dysfunction and dementia in T2DM subjects. Several other mechanisms also seem to be involved in T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction. More investigations to clarify the association of T2DM with cognitive impairment are warranted. These investigations may help to increase our understanding of AD and open a new door to the development of therapeutics. Recent pharmaceutical advancement in T2DM treatment has resulted in the availability of a wide range of antidiabetics. Some evidence has suggested that antidiabetic therapies help to prevent cognitive dysfunction. At present, however, the optimal level of blood glucose control and the best combination of medications to achieve it in terms of cognitive preservation have not been established. More investigation is warranted. Cognitive dysfunction is an emerging new complication of T2DM that requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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66
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Mohamadshahi M, Veissi M, Haidari F, Shahbazian H, Kaydani GA, Mohammadi F. Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2014; 4:83-8. [PMID: 25035851 PMCID: PMC4097976 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2014.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetes and its complications has been shown in some studies. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic and conventional yogurt on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
Forty-four patients with type 2 diabetes were participated in this randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial and assigned to two intervention and control groups. The subjects in the intervention group consumed 300 g/d probiotic yogurt and subjects in the control group consumed 300 g/d conventional yogurt for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, dietary intakes, and serum levels of glucose, HbA1c, IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention.
Results:
For anthropometric indices and dietary intakes, no significant differences were seen within and between groups post intervention (p> 0.05). The consumption of probiotic yogurt caused significant decrease in HbA1c and TNF-α levels (p= 0.032 and p= 0.040, respectively) in the intervention group.
Conclusion:
It is suggested that probiotic yogurt may be used as an alternative prevention approach and treatment method to control diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mohamadshahi
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Veissi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haidari
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hajieh Shahbazian
- Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholam-Abas Kaydani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Hypertension in obese type 2 diabetes patients is associated with increases in insulin resistance and IL-6 cytokine levels: potential targets for an efficient preventive intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:3586-98. [PMID: 24686488 PMCID: PMC4025026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110403586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased body weight as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are found to be associated with increased incidence of hypertension, although the mechanisms facilitating hypertension in T2D or nondiabetic individuals are not clear. Therefore, in this study we compared the levels of insulin resistance (IR:OGIS), plasma insulin (PI:RIA) levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α: ELISA), being risk factors previously found to be associated with hypertension, in T2D patients showing increased body weight (obese and overweight, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) with hypertension (group A, N = 30), or without hypertension (group B, N = 30), and in nonobese (BMI < 25 kg/m2), normotensive controls (group C, N = 15). We found that OGIS index was the lowest (A: 267 ± 35.42 vs. B: 342.89 ± 32.0, p < 0.01) and PI levels were the highest (A: 31.05 ± 8.24 vs. B: 17.23 ± 3.23, p < 0.01) in group A. In addition, IL-6 levels were higher in group A (A: 15.46 ± 5.15 vs. B: 11.77 ± 6.09; p < 0.05) while there was no difference in TNF-α levels. Our results have shown that appearance of hypertension in T2D patients with increased body weight was dependent on further increase in IR which was associated with the rise in pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine. The results imply that lifestyle intervention aimed to decrease IR might be beneficial in reducing the risk for hypertension in those T2D individuals.
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68
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Ryan AS, Ge S, Blumenthal JB, Serra MC, Prior SJ, Goldberg AP. Aerobic exercise and weight loss reduce vascular markers of inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity in obese women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:607-14. [PMID: 24635342 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationships between plasma and tissue markers of systemic and vascular inflammation and obesity and insulin resistance and determine the effects of aerobic exercise training plus weight loss (AEX+WL) and weight loss (WL) alone on these biomarkers. DESIGN Prospective controlled study. SETTING Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University research setting. PARTICIPANTS Overweight and obese sedentary postmenopausal women (N = 77). INTERVENTIONS Six months, 3 d/wk AEX+WL (n = 37) or WL (n = 40). MEASUREMENTS Total-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, abdominal computed tomography, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (a criterion standard method of assessing insulin sensitivity), adipose tissue biopsies (n = 28), and blood for homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, and soluble forms of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA). RESULTS Body weight (P < .001), percentage of fat (P < .001), visceral fat (P < .005), triglyceride levels (P < .001), and systolic blood pressure decreased comparably after WL and AEX+WL (P = .04). Maximal oxygen consumption increased 16% after AEX+WL (P < .001). Insulin resistance decreased in both groups (P = .005). Glucose utilization according to the clamp increased 10% (P = .04) with AEX+WL and 8% with WL (P = .07). AEX+WL decreased CRP by 29% (P < .001) and WL by 21% (P = .02). SAA levels decreased twice as much after AEX+WL (-19%, P = .02) as after WL (-9%, P = .08). Plasma sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels did not change, but women with the greatest reduction in plasma sICAM-1 levels had the greatest reductions in fasting glucose (P = .02), insulin (P = .02), and insulin resistance (P = .004). Gluteal ICAM messenger ribonucleic acid levels decreased 27% after AEX+WL (P = .02) and did not change after WL. CONCLUSION Obesity and insulin resistance worsen markers of systemic and vascular inflammation. A reduction in plasma sICAM-1 is important to improve insulin sensitivity. CRP, SAA, and tissue ICAM decrease with exercise and weight loss, suggesting that exercise training is a necessary component of lifestyle modification in obese postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Ryan
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland; Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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69
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Badawi A, Sayegh S, Sadoun E, Al-Thani M, Arora P, Haddad PS. Relationship between insulin resistance and plasma vitamin D in adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014; 7:297-303. [PMID: 25045275 PMCID: PMC4094570 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s60569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance has been established through several studies. Research suggests a correlation between serum vitamin D and glycemic status measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the plasma vitamin D levels (25[OH]D) and the factors linked to insulin resistance in a representative sample of Canadians ranging in age from 16-79 years. Data were used from the Canadian Health Measures Survey where direct measures of health and wellness were reported from 1,928 subjects. These data were gathered from March 2007-February 2009 at 15 sites selected through a multistage sampling strategy. An inverse relationship between insulin resistance and plasma vitamin D level in both men and women was observed. This study provides additional evidence for the role of vitamin D in T2DM. If causally associated, the supplementation of vitamin D may help in preventing insulin resistance and subsequent T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Badawi
- Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Correspondence: Alaa Badawi, Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, 180 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON M5V 3L7, Canada, Email
| | - Suzan Sayegh
- Department of Public Health, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman Sadoun
- Clinical Research Division, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Al-Thani
- Department of Public Health, Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul Arora
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre S Haddad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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70
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Al-Hamodi Z, AL-Habori M, Al-Meeri A, Saif-Ali R. Association of adipokines, leptin/adiponectin ratio and C-reactive protein with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:99. [PMID: 25276234 PMCID: PMC4177707 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in plasma adipokines and/or inflammatory parameters in Type 2 DM remain vague as to whether they are due to obesity and/or directly associated with the diabetic state. Our objective was to compare plasma adiponectin, leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) and hs-CRP in obese non-diabetic subjects and non-obese Type 2 DM patients, as well as determining the association of these adipokines with MetS and diabetes-related quantitative traits. METHODS In this study, 92 Yemeni male volunteers aged 25-60 years old were enrolled, 31 of whom were healthy subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m(2) served as control; 30 non-diabetic obese subjects BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) and FBG < 6.1 mmol/l; and 31 non-obese Type 2 DM with FBG > 7 mmol/l and BMI < 25 kg/m(2). RESULTS Adiponectin was lower in obese subjects, with no differences between non-obese Type 2 DM patients and controls. In contrast, leptin, LAR and hs-CRP were higher in both obese subjects and non-obese Type 2 DM patients. Linear regression analysis showed adiponectin to be associated negatively with BMI, waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR; whereas leptin, LAR and hs-CRP were associated positively with BMI, waist circumference, TG, FBG, insulin, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR. Moreover, adiponectin negatively correlated with leptin, LAR and hs-CRP; whereas leptin and LAR positively correlated with hs-CRP and with each other. CONCLUSION Plasma adiponectin is not affected by diabetes per se, suggesting that its alterations in Type 2 DM may be due to obesity and may be an important link between adiposity, IR and Type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Al-Hamodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Molham AL-Habori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Ali Al-Meeri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Riyadh Saif-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, PO Box 19065, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic condition worldwide, especially in the elderly population. Several epidemiologic studies in the last 2 years have consistently associated diabetes with physical disability, a condition that may profoundly affect the quality of life of older people. Although in older people with diabetes, the pathogenesis of functional limitation and disability has not been completely elucidated, it is certainly complex and involves multiple potential pathways. In this narrative review, we described the most recent epidemiologic and clinical evidence supporting the association between diabetes and impaired physical function in older persons focusing on emerging biological mechanisms explaining the excess risk of disability associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bianchi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola, 9, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
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72
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Hu J, Pang W, chen J, Bai S, Zheng Z, Wu X. Hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharides with different molecular weight of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:267. [PMID: 24131482 PMCID: PMC3853478 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstracts
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73
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Merchant N, Rahman ST, Ahmad M, Parrott JM, Johnson J, Ferdinand KC, Khan BV. Changes in biomarkers and 24 hours blood pressure in hypertensive African Americans with the metabolic syndrome: Comparison of amlodipine/olmesartan versus hydrochlorothiazide/losartan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:386-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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74
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Das >UN. Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids, and their clinical implications with specific reference to diabetes mellitus and other diseases: part II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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75
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García-Bailo B, Da Costa LA, Arora P, Karmali M, El-Sohemy A, Badawi A. Plasma vitamin D and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk in adult Canadians, 2007-2009. Prev Chronic Dis 2013; 10:E91. [PMID: 23742939 PMCID: PMC3682811 DOI: 10.5888/pcd10.120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D may modulate cardiometabolic disease risk, although the relationship has not been investigated in the general Canadian population. Understanding this relationship may inform public health strategies to curb the incidence of cardiometabolic disease in Canada and elsewhere. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between vitamin D and traditional and novel biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease and to describe the extent of the month-to-month fluctuations of vitamin D in the Canadian population. Methods We examined the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and a range of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in participants (n = 1,928; age range, 16–79 years) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. We conducted linear regressions analyses (adjusted for sex, waist circumference, physical activity, hormone use, and season) to assess the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and biomarkers of dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in the study population. We repeated analyses stratified by sex, and we evaluated monthly fluctuations in 25-hydroxyvitamin D in men and women. Results We observed wide month-to-month variations in 25-hydroxyvitamin D; fluctuations were more pronounced in men. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with insulin, insulin resistance, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not with fasting glucose, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, or homocysteine. This pattern varied between men and women. Conclusion Vitamin D may modulate various metabolic processes and may influence cardiometabolic disease risk in Canadians. These findings may have public health implications when recommending vitamin D for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana García-Bailo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, and Office of Biotechnology and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Canada
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76
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Syed Ikmal SIQ, Zaman Huri H, Vethakkan SR, Wan Ahmad WA. Potential biomarkers of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:698567. [PMID: 24282409 PMCID: PMC3824310 DOI: 10.1155/2013/698567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with coronary artery disease have become a major public health concern. The occurrence of insulin resistance accompanied with endothelial dysfunction worsens the state of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The combination of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction leads to coronary artery disease and ischemic heart disease complications. A recognized biological marker, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, has been used widely to assess the progression of atherosclerosis and inflammation. Along with coronary arterial damage and inflammatory processes, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is considered as an essential atherosclerosis marker in patients with cardiovascular disease, but not as an insulin resistance marker in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A new biological marker that can act as a reliable indicator of both the exact state of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis is required to facilitate optimal health management of diabetic patients. Malfunctioning of insulin mechanism and endothelial dysfunction leads to innate immune activation and released several biological markers into circulation. This review examines potential biological markers, YKL-40, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, soluble CD36, leptin, resistin, interleukin-18, retinol binding protein-4, and chemerin, as they may play significant roles in insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Investigation Centre, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Hasniza Zaman Huri:
| | - Shireene Ratna Vethakkan
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azman Wan Ahmad
- Clinical Investigation Centre, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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77
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Malik S, Fu L, Juras DJ, Karmali M, Wong BYL, Gozdzik A, Cole DEC. Common variants of the vitamin D binding protein gene and adverse health outcomes. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2013; 50:1-22. [PMID: 23427793 PMCID: PMC3613945 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2012.750262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is the major plasma carrier for vitamin D and its metabolites, but it is also an actin scavenger, and is the precursor to the immunomodulatory protein, Gc-MAF. Two missense variants of the DBP gene - rs7041 encoding Asp432Glu and rs4588 encoding Thr436Lys - change the amino acid sequence and alter the protein function. They are common enough to generate population-wide constitutive differences in vitamin D status, based on assay of the serum metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). Whether these variants also influence the role of vitamin D in an immunologic milieu is not known. However, the issue is relevant, given the immunomodulatory effects of DBP and the role of protracted innate immune-related inflammation in response to tissue injury or repeated infection. Indeed, DBP and vitamin D may jointly or independently contribute to a variety of adverse health outcomes unrelated to classical notions of their function in bone and mineral metabolism. This review summarizes the reports to date of associations between DBP variants, and various chronic and infectious diseases. The available information leads us to conclude that DBP variants are a significant and common genetic factor in some common disorders, and therefore, are worthy of closer attention. In view of the heightened interest in vitamin D as a public health target, well-designed studies that look simultaneously at vitamin D and its carrier in relation to genotypes and adverse health outcome should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneil Malik
- Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
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78
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Badawi A, Arora P, Sadoun E, Al-Thani AA, Thani MHA. Prevalence of vitamin d insufficiency in qatar: a systematic review. J Public Health Res 2012; 1:229-35. [PMID: 25170469 PMCID: PMC4140375 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2012.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Qatar has a high burden of chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low serum vitamin D levels have been implicated in the development and progression of a range of these chronic conditions. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the general population of Qatar has still not been investigated. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of published studies documenting the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the Qatari population. A search strategy was developed for online databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Embase Classic) between 1980 to the last week of August 2012, and bibliographies of the included studies were further searched for additional reports. Search terms used were QATAR and VITAMIN D. Studies reporting the serum levels of vitamin D in several Qatari sub-populations were identified. Weighted-average vitamin D serum levels and prevalence of low vitamin D status (<75 nmol/L) were calculated. Subgroup analysis was carried out by age. The quality of each study was evaluated according to four criteria: national representativeness, representation of males and females, the sample size, and the sampling protocol. A total of 16 relevant publications were identified, and 8 of these (reporting from 7 unique studies) met our inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total number of 1,699 Qatari subjects. The pooled sample size weighted-average vitamin D concentration (±SD) was 45.3±14.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 44.6-46.0; range 29.2-66.9 nmol/L). The weighted-average prevalence of low vitamin D status was 90.4% (95% CI: 90.1-91.0; range 83%-91%). Age was inversely correlated with vitamin D levels and directly with its insufficiency/deficiency prevalence. There have only been a few studies on the prevalence of low vitamin D in Qatar a very high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in Qatar that increases with age has been suggested. The present report underlines the need to develop a nationally representative study to further evaluate vitamin D status in Qatar. Given the growing evidence of the role of vitamin D in chronic disease, this study could help develop public health strategies for disease prevention in Qatar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Badawi
- Public Health Division, Supreme Council of Health , Doha, Qatar ; Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Arora
- Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada , Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Ontario, Canada
| | - Eman Sadoun
- Clinical Research Division, Supreme Council of Health , Doha, Qatar
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García-Bailo B, Roke K, Mutch DM, El-Sohemy A, Badawi A. Association between circulating ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and plasma cytokine concentrations in young adults: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:102. [PMID: 23158971 PMCID: PMC3515429 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with the development of numerous chronic diseases. Circulating ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) may help reduce concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These micronutrients may act synergistically, and they may have different anti-inflammatory effects, but previous studies have assessed the link between each of these micronutrients and inflammation in isolation without controlling for the other micronutrients. Our objective was to examine the association between circulating concentrations of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and 25(OH) D and a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines in an ethnically diverse population of young adults. METHODS Participants (n = 1,007) from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study provided fasting blood samples for biomarker measurements and were subsequently categorized into tertiles for each micronutrient based on their circulating concentrations. We conducted Pearson's correlation analyses across all micronutrients and cytokines. The associations between individual micronutrients and cytokines were examined using analysis of covariance with age, sex, waist circumference, ethnicity, physical activity, season of blood collection, total cholesterol, hormonal contraceptive use among women, and the other two micronutrients as covariates. RESULTS We observed weak micronutrient-cytokine correlations, moderate correlations between certain cytokines, and strong correlations between specific cytokines, particularly interleukin 1- receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-bb). After full covariate adjustment, circulating α-tocopherol was inversely associated with IFN-γ and regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). We observed an unexpected positive association between ascorbic acid and IFN-γ. 25(OH)D was not associated with altered concentrations of any inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that α-tocopherol, but not ascorbic acid or 25(OH)D, is inversely associated with inflammation in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana García-Bailo
- Office of Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, 180 Queen Street West, 11th Floor, Toronto, ON M5V 3L7, Canada.
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Jeon WJ, Oh JS, Park MS, Ji GE. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of fermented ginseng in type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model. Phytother Res 2012; 27:166-72. [PMID: 22511336 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng has shown an efficacy in preventing and managing various health conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the fermented ginseng extract (FGE) in type 2 diabetes mellitus murine model. FGE was provided to male C57BL/ksJ-db/db mice for 8 weeks at 0.1% (w/w) dose in contrast to water for the control group. Potential anti-diabetic mechanisms were investigated with blood glucose, serum insulin, serum adiponectin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glucose tolerance, insulin secretion assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Compared with the control group, the FGE group had lower levels of blood glucose after 6 and 9 h fasting, HbA1c, and the area under the curve in an oral glucose tolerance test and higher levels of adiponectin and serum insulin (p < 0.05). The FGE group had higher levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 and glucose transporter protein 2 mRNAs, a lower level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.05), and less lymphocytes in pancreas than the control group had. The FGE exerted anti-diabetic effects in type 2 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Jeon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Mortaz S, Wessman C, Duncan R, Gray R, Badawi A. Impact of screening and early detection of impaired fasting glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in Canada: a Markov model simulation. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2012; 4:91-7. [PMID: 22553425 PMCID: PMC3340109 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s30547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health problem. An estimated 20%-50% of diabetic subjects in Canada are currently undiagnosed, and around 20%-30% have already developed complications. Screening for high blood glucose levels can identify people with prediabetic conditions and permit introduction of timely and effective prevention. This study examines the benefit of screening for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2DM. If intervention is introduced at this prediabetic stage, it can be most effective in delaying the onset and complications of T2DM. METHODS Using a Markov model simulation, we compare the cost-effectiveness of screening for prediabetes (IFG) and T2DM with the strategy of no screening. An initial cohort of normoglycemic, prediabetic, or undiagnosed diabetic adults with one or more T2DM risk factors was used to model the strategies mentioned over a 10-year period. Subjects without known prediabetes or diabetes are screened every 3 years and persons with prediabetes were tested for diabetes on an annual basis. The model weighs the increase in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with early detection of prediabetes and earlier diagnosis of T2DM due to lifestyle intervention and early treatment in asymptomatic subjects. RESULTS Costs for each QALY gained were $2281 for conventional screening compared with $2890 for no screening. Thus, in this base-case analysis, conventional screening with a frequency of once every 3 years was favored over no screening. Furthermore, conventional screening was more favorable compared with no screening over a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds. Changing the frequency of screening did not affect the overall results. Screening persons without diabetes or prediabetes on an annual basis had small effects on the cost-effectiveness ratios. Screening with a frequency of once every 5 years resulted in the lowest cost per QALY ($2117). Lack of screening costs the health care system $4812 more than the cost of screening once every 5 years. CONCLUSION The increased cost per QALY of not screening is due to the costs of complications caused downstream of T2DM. By ensuring that IFG screening occurs every 3 years for those without prediabetes and every year for those with prediabetes, the health and financial benefits related to T2DM are improved in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ross Duncan
- Office of Biotechnology Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Gray
- Office of Biotechnology Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Office of Biotechnology Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Effects of polymorphisms in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains 1 and 2 on biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 7:427-35. [PMID: 22367890 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in mediating some of the effects of dietary lipids on inflammation and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similar to TLR4, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (Nods) 1 and 2 are also proteins of innate immunity, which can respond to lipids and initiate pro-inflammatory signalling that plays a role in the aetiology of T2D. The objective was to determine the effect of Nod1 (Glu266Lys) and Nod2 (Ser268Pro) genotypes on factors associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and whether they modify the association between dietary lipids and biomarkers of the MetS. Men and women (n = 998) between the ages of 20-29 years were genotyped for both polymorphisms, completed a one-month, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and provided a fasting blood sample. The Glu266Lys polymorphism in Nod1 was not associated with any of the biomarkers of the MetS, but modified the association between dietary saturated fat (SFA) and insulin sensitivity, as measured by HOMA-IR (p for interaction = 0.04). Individuals with the Glu/Glu or Glu/Lys genotype showed no significant relationship between dietary SFA and HOMA-IR (β = -0.002 ± 0.006, p = 0.77; and β = -0.003 ± 0.006, p = 0.61), while those with the Lys/Lys genotype showed a positive association (β = 0.033 ± 0.02, p = 0.03). The Nod2 Ser268Pro polymorphism was not associated with components of the MetS and did not modify the relationship between dietary lipid intake and the biomarkers of MetS. In summary, the Nod1 Glu266Lys polymorphism modifies the relationship between dietary SFA intake and HOMA-IR, suggesting that Nod1 may act as an intracellular lipid sensor affecting insulin sensitivity.
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Pietraszek A, Gregersen S, Hermansen K. Acute effects of dietary fat on inflammatory markers and gene expression in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients. Rev Diabet Stud 2012; 8:477-89. [PMID: 22580729 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2011.8.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their relatives (REL) carry an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low-grade inflammation, an independent risk factor for CVD, is modifiable by diet. Subjects with T2D show elevated postprandial inflammatory responses to fat-rich meals, while information on postprandial inflammation in REL is sparse. AIM To clarify whether medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have differential acute effects on low-grade inflammation in REL compared to controls (CON). METHODS In randomized order, 17 REL and 17 CON ingested two fat-rich meals, with 72 energy percent from MUFA and 79 energy percent from mainly medium-chain SFA, respectively. Plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, and leptin were measured at baseline, 15 min, 60 min, and 240 min postprandially. Muscle and adipose tissue biopsies were taken at baseline and 210 min after the test meal, and expression of selected genes was analyzed. RESULTS Plasma IL-6 increased (p < 0.001) without difference between REL and CON and between the meals, whereas plasma adiponectin and plasma hs-CRP were unchanged during the 240 min observation period. Plasma leptin decreased slightly in response to medium-chain SFA in both groups, and to MUFA in REL. Several genes were differentially regulated in muscle and adipose tissue of REL and CON. CONCLUSIONS MUFA and medium-chain SFA elicit similar postprandial circulating inflammatory responses in REL and CON. Medium-chain SFA seems more proinflammatory than MUFA, judged by the gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue of REL and CON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pietraszek
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Martins RA, Jones JG, Cumming SP, Coelho e Silva MJ, Teixeira AM, Veríssimo MT. Glycated hemoglobin and associated risk factors in older adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:13. [PMID: 22309488 PMCID: PMC3395860 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between HbA1c and other risk factors like obesity, functional fitness, lipid profile, and inflammatory status in older adults. Epidemiological evidence suggests that HbA1c is associated with cardiovascular and ischemic heart disease risk. Excess of body weight and obesity are considered to play a central role in the development of these conditions. Age is associated with several risk factors as increased body fat and abdominal fat, deterioration of the lipid profile, diabetes, raising in inflammatory activity, or decreased functional fitness. METHODS Data were available from 118 participants aged 65-95 years, including 72 women and 46 men. Anthropometric variables were taken, as was functional fitness, blood pressure and heart rate. Blood samples were collected after 12 h fasting, and HbA1c, hs-CRP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and glycaemia were calculated. Bivariate and partial correlations were performed to explore associations amongst the variables of interest. Differences between groups were explored by performing factorial analysis of variance. RESULTS HbA1c levels ranged from 4.6%-9.4% with 93% of the cases below 6.5%. Women had higher HbA1c, glycaemia, TC, BMI, and lower and upper flexibility than men. Men had higher BW, WC, 6-min walking distance, and VO2peak than women. Age, SBP, DBP, HRrest, HRpeak, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, TG/HDL-C ratio, Log10 hs-CRP, upper and lower strength, and agility and dynamic balance were similar in men and women. HbA1c had positive associations with glycaemia, HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, BW, WC, BMI, but not with functional fitness, TC, LDL-C, Log10 hs-CRP, PAD, or PAS. Obese participants had higher HbA1c than non-obese only when IDF and not USDHHS criteria were applied. CONCLUSIONS Older women had higher HbA1c than men, even after controlling for BMI. HbA1c associates equally with BW, BMI or WC. Population-based criteria are recommended to classify obesity and to identify higher levels of HbA1c in obese older adults. HbA1c associates with atherogenic dyslipidemia particularly with TG and TG/HDL-C ratio, but not with TC, HDL-C, or LDL-C. HbA1c is not associated with hs-CRP, and with functional fitness and aerobic endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Martins
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Estádio Universitário, Pavilhão 3, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Da Costa LA, Arora P, García-Bailo B, Karmali M, El-Sohemy A, Badawi A. The association between obesity, cardiometabolic disease biomarkers, and innate immunity-related inflammation in Canadian adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2012; 5:347-55. [PMID: 23055759 PMCID: PMC3468056 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s35115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with a state of chronic inflammation, and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. The present study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers among normal weight, overweight, and obese Canadian adults. METHODS Subjects (n = 1805, aged 18 to 79 years) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) were examined for associations between BMI, cardiometabolic markers (apolipoprotein [Apo] A1, ApoB, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], total cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL ratio [total:HDL-C ratio], triglycerides, and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA(1c)]), inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen, and homocysteine), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Bootstrap weights for variance and sampling weights for point estimates were applied to account for the complex survey design. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, and ethnicity (in addition to season of clinic visit, for vitamin D analyses only) were used to examine the association between cardiometabolic markers, inflammatory factors, and BMI in Canadian adults. RESULTS All biomarkers were significantly associated with BMI (P ≤ 0.001). ApoA1 (β = -0.31, P < 0.0001), HDL-C (β = -0.61, P < 0.0001), and 25(OH)D (β = -0.25, P < 0.0001) were inversely associated with BMI, while all other biomarkers showed positive linear associations. Distinct patterns of association were noted among normal weight, overweight, and obese groups, excluding CRP which showed a significant positive association with BMI in the overall population (β = 2.80, P < 0.0001) and in the normal weight (β = 3.20, P = 0.02), overweight (β = 3.53, P = 0.002), and obese (β = 2.22, P = 0.0002) groups. CONCLUSIONS There is an apparent profile of cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers that emerges as BMI increases from normal weight to obesity. Understanding these profiles may permit developing an effective approach for early risk prediction for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Da Costa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Office of Biotechnology and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Arora
- Office of Biotechnology and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bibiana García-Bailo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Office of Biotechnology and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Karmali
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Office of Biotechnology and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Office of Biotechnology and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Alaa Badawi, Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, 180 Queen Street West, 11th floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 3L7, Canada, Email
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Sarangi R, Padhi S, Mohapatra S, Swain S, Padhy RK, Mandal MK, Patro SK, Kumar S. Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein, nitric oxide metabolites, plasma fibrinogen, and lipid parameters in Indian type 2 diabetic males. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2012; 6:9-14. [PMID: 23014248 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation is postulated to play a role in diabetogenesis and its further vascular complications. The aim was to assess the inflammatory and lipid parameters in patients of type 2 diabetic mellitus with or without complication. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), nitric oxide metabolite (NO(X)), fibrinogen, and lipid parameters were measured in eighty type 2 diabetic males (40-65 years) without (n=40, group B) and with complication (16 retinopathy, group C; 24 hypertension, group D); and compared with 40 healthy, age and sex matched nondiabetic males (group A) from the general population. RESULT The mean age of subjects and fasting plasma glucose among groups A, B, and C+D were 51.0 ± 7.1 vs. 48.7 ± 5.7 vs. 50.2 ± 6.1 years (p>0.05); and 96.7 ± 10.4 vs. 134.3 ± 27.8 vs. 136.4 ± 29.8 mg/dl (p<0.001) respectively. Patients with retinopathy were older, with longer duration of diabetes, and high fasting plasma glucose (p<0.001). The mean hs-CRP, NO(X), fibrinogen, TC, TG, and LDL(C) varied significantly (p<0.001) between control and diabetics. hs-CRP, NO(X), and fibrinogen were found to be highest in retinopathy group whereas no significant (p>0.05) difference was noted between groups B and D in relation to hs-CRP and NO(X). TC and LDL(C) were significantly (p<0.001) high among group B patients. Significant positive correlation was observed between all three inflammatory markers in all categories of patients; between FPG, hs-CRP, and fibrinogen among patients with hypertension; between FPG, hs-CRP, and NO(X) in patients with retinopathy. However, none of the lipid parameters showed any significant correlation with any of the inflammatory markers in any group of patients studied. CONCLUSION Low grade systemic inflammation, in association with dyslipidemia, plays a role in diabetogenesis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajlaxmi Sarangi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Ganapathychettykulam, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
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Fousteris E, Melidonis A, Panoutsopoulos G, Tzirogiannis K, Foussas S, Theodosis-Georgilas A, Tzerefos S, Matsagos S, Boutati E, Economopoulos T, Dimitriadis G, Raptis S. Toll/interleukin-1 receptor member ST2 exhibits higher soluble levels in type 2 diabetes, especially when accompanied with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011; 10:101. [PMID: 22104207 PMCID: PMC3229462 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble ST2, a member of the of the Toll/IL-1 superfamily, is a novel biomarker with exceptional predictive value in heart failure and myocardial infarction- related mortality as well as in acute dyspneic states. Soluble ST2 is considered a decoy receptor of IL 33 that blocks the protective effects of the cytokine in atherosclerosis and cardiac remodeling. In the present study we investigated the differences in the levels of soluble ST2, BNP and hs-CRP between healthy controls and patients with type 2 diabetes with and without left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. A secondary aim was to investigate correlations between sST2 and other biomarkers of type 2 diabetes, such as HbA1c. METHODS 158 volunteers were recruited and underwent a complete Doppler-echocardiographic evaluation of both systolic & diastolic cardiac function. All subjects with ejection fraction<50% were excluded. The study population was divided in 4 groups as follows: A: 42 healthy controls, B: 18 subjects without diabetes with LVDD, C: 48 patients with type 2 diabetes without LVDD & D: 50 patients with type 2 diabetes & LVDD. ELISA technique was performed to measure sST2 levels. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis & Mann-Whitney test (continuous variables), chi squared & Fischer exact test (discrete variables), Spearman coefficient (univariate analysis) and step-wise backward method (multivariate analysis). RESULTS Patients with type 2 diabetes with (p<0.001) or without LVDD (p=0.007) had higher serum ST2 levels compared to healthy controls, state found also for hs-CRP levels but not for the corresponding BNP levels (p=0.213 & p=0.207 respectively). Patients with type 2 diabetes & LVDD had higher serum ST2 in relation to diabetic patients without LVDD (p=0.001). In multivariate analysis HbA1c positively and independently correlated with sST2 levels in both groups of patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit higher sST2 levels compared to healthy controls. The presence of LVDD in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with even higher sST2 levels. A significant correlation between glycemic control and sST2 levels was also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Fousteris
- Diabetes Center, Tzanio General Hospital of Piraeus, and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Greece.
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Zhao Y, Jiang Z, Guo C. New hope for type 2 diabetics: targeting insulin resistance through the immune modulation of stem cells. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 11:137-42. [PMID: 21964164 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for the prevention and cure of the condition. Mounting evidence points to the involvement of immune dysfunction in insulin resistance in T2D, suggesting that immune modulation may be a useful tool in treating the disease. Recent advances in the use of adult stem cells from human umbilical cord blood and bone marrow for immune modulation hold promise for overcoming immune dysfunction in T2D without many of the complications associated with traditional immunosuppressive therapies. This review focuses on recent progress in the use of immune modulation in T2D and discusses the potential for future therapies. New insights are provided on the use of cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells (CB-SC) in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Chuang SC, Vermeulen R, Sharabiani MTA, Sacerdote C, Fatemeh SH, Berrino F, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, Tumino R, Athersuch TJ, Vineis P. The intake of grain fibers modulates cytokine levels in blood. Biomarkers 2011; 16:504-10. [PMID: 21812595 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.599042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber may modulate the environment of the intestinal lumen, alter the intestinal microflora populations, and influence the immune response and disease risk. Epidemiological investigations have suggested that higher fiber intake is associated with lower overall mortality, in particular from cardiovascular and digestive tract diseases. Here a panel of 17 cytokines and chemokines were measured in plasma of 88 cancer-free subjects sampled within the Italian EPIC-Italy cohort. A statistically significant inverse association (p-trend = 0.01) was observed for cereal fiber and cytokines included in the main factor in factor analysis (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α), which alone explained 35.5% of variance. Our study suggests that fiber intake, especially cereal fiber, may be associated with a decreased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Chuang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
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Arora P, Garcia-Bailo B, Dastani Z, Brenner D, Villegas A, Malik S, Spector TD, Richards B, El-Sohemy A, Karmali M, Badawi A. Genetic polymorphisms of innate immunity-related inflammatory pathways and their association with factors related to type 2 diabetes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:95. [PMID: 21756351 PMCID: PMC3161932 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been linked to a state of pre-clinical chronic inflammation resulting from abnormalities in the innate immune pathway. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, collectively known as 'inflammatory network', are elevated in the pre-, or early, stages of T2DM and increase with disease progression. Genetic variation can affect the innate immune response to certain environmental factors, and may, therefore, determine an individual's lifetime risk of disease. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 6,720 subjects from the TwinsUK Registry to evaluate the association between 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five genes (TLR4, IL1A, IL6, TNFA, and CRP) along the innate immunity-related inflammatory pathway and biomarkers of predisposition to T2DM [fasting insulin and glucose, HDL- and LDL- cholesterols, triglycerides (TGs), amyloid-A, sensitive C-reactive protein (sCRP) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and body mass index (BMI)]. Results Of 18 the SNPs examined for their association with nine metabolic phenotypes of interest, six were significantly associated with five metabolic phenotypes (Bonferroni correction, P ≤ 0.0027). Fasting insulin was associated with SNPs in IL6 and TNFA, serum HDL-C with variants of TNFA and CRP and serum sCRP level with SNPs in CRP. Cross-correlation analysis among the different metabolic factors related to risk of T2DM showed several significant associations. For example, BMI was directly correlated with glucose (r = 0.11), insulin (r = 0.15), sCRP (r = 0.23), LDL-C (r = 0.067) and TGs (r = 0.18) but inversely with HDL-C (r = -0.14). sCRP was also positively correlated (P < 0.0001) with insulin (r = 0.17), amyloid-A (r = 0.39), TGs (r = 0.26), and VDBP (r = 0.36) but inversely with HDL-C (r = -0.12). Conclusion Genetic variants in the innate immunity pathway and its related inflammatory cascade is associated with some metabolic risk factors for T2DM; an observation that may provide a rationale for further studying their role as biomarkers for disease early risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Arora
- Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, 180 Queen Street West, Toronto, M5V 3L7, Canada
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Abstract
The current status and likely future directions of complexes of V(V/IV), Cr(III), Mo(VI), W(VI), Zn(II), Cu(II), and Mn(III) as potential oral drugs against type 2 diabetes are reviewed. We propose a unified model of extra- and intracellular mechanisms of anti-diabetic efficacies of V(V/IV), Mo(VI), W(VI), and Cr(III), centred on high-oxidation-state oxido/peroxido species that inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) involved in insulin signalling. The postulated oxidative mechanism of anti-diabetic activity of Cr(III) via carcinogenic Cr(VI/V) (which adds to safety concerns) is consistent with recent clinical trials on Cr(III) picolinate, where activity was apparent only in patients with poorly controlled diabetes (high oxidative stress), and the correlation between the anti-diabetic activities and ease of oxidation of Cr(III) supplements and their metabolites in vivo. Zn(II) and Cu(II) anti-diabetics act via different mechanisms and are unlikely to be used as specific anti-diabetics due to their diverse and unpredictable biological activities. Hence, future research directions are likely to centre on enhancing the bioavailability and selectivity of V(V/IV), Mo(VI), or W(VI) drugs. The strategy of potentiating circulating insulin with metal ions has distinct therapeutic advantages over interventions that stimulate the release of more insulin, or use insulin mimetics, because of many adverse side-effects of increased levels of insulin, including increased risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Garcia-Bailo B, El-Sohemy A, Haddad PS, Arora P, Benzaied F, Karmali M, Badawi A. Vitamins D, C, and E in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biologics 2011; 5:7-19. [PMID: 21383912 PMCID: PMC3044790 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, and certain population subgroups are especially vulnerable to the disease. To reduce T2DM risk and progression at the population level, preventative strategies are needed that can be implemented on a population-wide scale with minimal cost and effort. Chronic low-grade inflammation resulting from oxidative stress and imbalances in the innate immune system has been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance – critical stages in the development and progression of T2DM. Therefore, inflammation may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of T2DM, and reducing it via modulation of oxidative stress and the innate immune response could lead to a status of improved insulin sensitivity and delayed disease onset. Dietary supplementation with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutritional factors, such as micronutrients, might present a novel strategy toward the prevention and control of T2DM at the population level. This review examines current knowledge linking oxidation, inflammatory signaling pathways, and vitamin supplementation or intake to the risk of T2DM. The concept that micronutrients, via attenuation of inflammation, could be employed as a novel preventive measure for T2DM is evaluated in the context of its relevance to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Garcia-Bailo
- Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
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