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Jung T, Noh J. Alteration of fear behaviors in sleep-deprived adolescent rats: increased fear expression and delayed fear extinction. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:83-92. [PMID: 34234889 PMCID: PMC8118405 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1902854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of sleep due to acute or chronic stress can lead to changes in emotional memory processing. Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but still, the contribution of sleep deprivation on the susceptibility to PTSD has received little attention. To determine whether rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (SD) alters the development of fear expression or fear-associated memory impairment in adolescent rats, we performed animal emotional behavior tests using an SD animal model with the flowerpot technique. SD rats showed an increase in locomotor activity frequency and a decrease in sucrose consumption compared to control rats. An increase in freezing behavior during shock trials was observed in SD rats. Noticeably, it was observed that when applying the SD condition after fear stimuli exposure, fear extinction was delayed more in SD rats than in control rats. Overall, these results indicate that SD in adolescent rats leads to increased locomotor activity and anhedonic behavior, as well as increased fear expression and delayed fear extinction, suggesting that SD would lead to increased severity of PTSD-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesub Jung
- Department of Science Education, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Noh
- Department of Science Education, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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Zaccari V, Santonastaso O, Mandolesi L, De Crescenzo F, Foti F, Crescentini C, Fabbro F, Vicari S, Curcio G, Menghini D. Clinical application of mindfulness-oriented meditation in children with ADHD: a preliminary study on sleep and behavioral problems. Psychol Health 2021; 37:563-579. [PMID: 33678073 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1892110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High incidence of sleep problems in children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been described. Mindfulness meditation has emerged as a novel approach to sleep disturbances and insomnia remediation. This preliminary study tested the efficacy of Mindfulness-Oriented Meditation (MOM) training on sleep quality and behavioral problems in children with ADHD. DESIGN Twenty-five children with ADHD aged 7-11 years underwent two programs three times per week for eight-weeks: the MOM training (15 children) and an Active Control Condition (10 children). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Objective and subjective measures of sleep quality and behavioral measures were collected before and after the programs. RESULTS Positive effects on sleep and behavioral measures were found only in the MOM group. CONCLUSION Although they are preliminary, our results indicate that MOM training is a promising tool for ameliorating sleep quality and behavioral manifestations in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Zaccari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Ornella Santonastaso
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco De Crescenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Clinical Trial Unit, University Department of Paediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Foti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristiano Crescentini
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Fabbro
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curcio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Deny Menghini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Kokka I, Mourikis I, Nicolaides NC, Darviri C, Chrousos GP, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Bacopoulou F. Exploring the Effects of Problematic Internet Use on Adolescent Sleep: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E760. [PMID: 33477410 PMCID: PMC7830369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent suse internet via several devices to gather information or communicate. Sleep, as a key factor of adolescents' development, contributes to their physical and mental health. Over the past decades insufficient sleep among adolescents has been wide spread, and one of its attributing factors is the increased availability of technology. This review aims to investigate the body of evidence regarding the impact of problematic internet use on adolescent sleep. Extensive search of databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines for studies published within the last decade, regarding subjects aged 10-19. The final step of the search yielded 12 original studies. The quality of extracted data was evaluated with the AXIS tool, in order to estimate the risk of bias. All studies showed a negative correlation between adolescent sleep and problematic internet use. It was found to affect sleep quality and quantity and provoke insomnia symptoms. Interestingly, adolescent's sex, parental educational level, type of family and use for leisure or academic reasons appeared as affecting factors of the problematic internet use-sleep relationship. Problematic internet use has several effects on adolescents' sleep. Results of relevant studies should be embedded in educational interventions addressed to adolescents as well as parents, to eliminate the negative outcomes of problematic internet use on sleep and adolescence's health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulia Kokka
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (C.D.); (G.P.C.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - Iraklis Mourikis
- Outpatient Specialty Clinic for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Behavioral Therapy, First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nicolas C. Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (C.D.); (G.P.C.); (C.K.-G.)
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (C.D.); (G.P.C.); (C.K.-G.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (C.D.); (G.P.C.); (C.K.-G.)
- First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (C.D.); (G.P.C.); (C.K.-G.)
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15573 Athens, Greece
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Sleep Quality, Mental and Physical Health: A Differential Relationship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020460. [PMID: 33435528 PMCID: PMC7826982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association between sleep quality and its components and both dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of young adults. The sample comprised 337 participants with a mean age of 19.6 y (SD = 2.22). Sleep quality and HRQoL were measured through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the SF-12, respectively. Regression analyses were used to investigate the association between sleep quality and HRQoL. Our results confirm the significant association between sleep quality and both physical (p = 0.015; β = −0.138; R2 = 0.07) and mental (p < 0.001; β = −0.348; R2 = 0.22) HRQoL in the adjusted models. However, our results also highlight the differential association between sleep quality and mental and physical HRQoL. Whereas all the sleep quality components (except sleep latency; p = 0.349) were significantly associated with mental HRQoL (p < 0.05), just two subscales (subjective sleep quality; p = 0.021; β = −0.143 and sleep disturbances p = 0.002; β = −0.165) showed a significant association. This study showed that there is a stronger association between sleep quality and mental health than sleep quality and physical health in young adults.
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Mbachu CO, Agu IC, Obayi C, Eze I, Ezumah N, Onwujekwe O. Beliefs and misconceptions about contraception and condom use among adolescents in south-east Nigeria. Reprod Health 2021; 18:7. [PMID: 33407642 PMCID: PMC7789795 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misconceptions about the usefulness of condoms and other contraceptives still expose many unmarried adolescents to the risk of unwanted teenage pregnancies and sexually-transmitted infections (STIs). This study explored beliefs and misconceptions about condoms and other contraceptives among adolescents in Ebonyi state, south-east Nigeria. METHOD A qualitative study was undertaken in six local government areas in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria. Data were collected within a period of one month from in and out-of-school adolescents aged 13-18 years using twelve focus group discussions (FGD). The data were analyzed using the thematic framework approach. RESULT Majority of the adolescents were knowledgeable about methods of contraception, how they are used and their modes of action. They were also knowledgeable about the dual effects of condoms in prevention of pregnancy and STIs. However, some misconceptions that were expressed by some adolescents were that pregnancy could be prevented by the use of (i) hard drugs, (ii) laxatives, (iii) white chlorine, and (iv) boiled alcoholic beverages. Condoms were described by some adolescent boys as reusable. Condoms were also perceived by some adolescents to reduce sexual pleasure, and this opinion was mostly held by boys. Coitus interruptus (withdrawal method) was therefore considered more preferable than condoms for prevention of pregnancy. CONCLUSION Although majority adolescents have knowledge about contraception and condom use, some misconceptions still persist. These misconceptions put many adolescents at increased risk for pregnancy and STIs which are detrimental to their health and wellbeing. Concerted efforts should be made through educational and behaviour change interventions in schools and within communities to debunk persisting misconceptions about contraception including the use of condom, and properly educate adolescents on safe sex practices. Adolescents engage in unprotected sexual intercourse and other risky sexual behaviours because of some mistaken beliefs and wrong impressions about how to prevent unwanted pregnancy. These risky sexual behaviours predispose adolescents to sexually transmitted infections, unsafe abortion and other reproductive health problems. In this qualitative study, we explored some of these mistaken beliefs about condoms and other methods of preventing pregnancy. During focus group discussions, adolescents identified modern contraceptive methods, and described their modes of action and how they are used. They also discussed their contraceptive preferences and perceived effects of condoms on sexual pleasure. Although some of these adolescents were able to correctly mention various types of contraceptives and their modes of action, there were numerous wrong impressions. Hard drugs, laxatives, white chlorine and boiled alcoholic beverage were listed as emergency contraceptive methods. Emergency pills were perceived to work by flushing away spermatozoa from a girl's system after sexual intercourse. Male condoms were perceived to be potentially dangerous because they could break and enter into the body of the female sexual partner. Some adolescent boys had the notion that particular brands of male condoms could be washed and reused. Notions about condom use and sexual pleasure varied for girls and boys. Some adolescent girls perceived that condom use during sex increases sexual pleasure because of the assurance of being protected from STIs and pregnancy. Adolescent boys were of the opinion that condoms interfere with the pleasure of direct 'flesh to flesh' contact during sex. There was a general belief that contraceptive use in early age reduces fertility prospects for boys and girls. Mistaken beliefs about methods of preventing pregnancy persist among adolescents, and this raises concerns about the quality of information they receive. Concerted efforts should be made to debunk these wrong beliefs and properly educate adolescents on safe sex practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Ojiugo Mbachu
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ifunanya Clara Agu
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Chinonso Obayi
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Irene Eze
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Nkoli Ezumah
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Obinna Onwujekwe
- Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria Enugu, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Department of Health Administration and Management, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Vermeulen MC, van der Heijden KB, Kocevska D, Treur JL, Huppertz C, van Beijsterveldt CE, Boomsma DI, Swaab H, Van Someren EJ, Bartels M. Associations of sleep with psychological problems and well-being in adolescence: causality or common genetic predispositions? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:28-39. [PMID: 32396669 PMCID: PMC7818180 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas short and problematic sleep are associated with psychological problems in adolescence, causality remains to be elucidated. This study therefore utilized the discordant monozygotic cotwin design and cross-lagged models to investigate how short and problematic sleep affect psychological functioning. METHODS Adolescent twins (N = 12,803, 13-20 years, 42% male) completed questionnaires on sleep and psychological functioning repeatedly over a two-year interval. Monozygotic twin pairs were classified as concordant or discordant for sleep duration and trouble sleeping. Resulting subgroups were compared regarding internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and subjective well-being. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses indicated associations of worse psychological functioning with both short sleep and problematic sleep, and cross-lagged models indicate bidirectional associations. Longitudinal analyses showed that an increase in sleep problems experienced selectively by one individual of an identical twin pair was accompanied by an increase of 52% in internalizing problem scores and 25% in externalizing problem scores. These changes were significantly different from the within-subject changes in cotwins with unchanged sleep quality (respectively, 3% increase and 5% decrease). Psychological functioning did, however, not worsen with decreasing sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that sleep quality, rather than sleep duration, should be the primary target for prevention and intervention, with possible effect on psychological functioning in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije C.M. Vermeulen
- Department of Sleep and CognitionNetherlands Institute for Neurosciencean Institute of the Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent StudiesInstitute of Education and Child StudiesLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan B. van der Heijden
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent StudiesInstitute of Education and Child StudiesLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Desana Kocevska
- Department of Sleep and CognitionNetherlands Institute for Neurosciencean Institute of the Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jorien L. Treur
- Department of Biological PsychologyNetherlands Twin RegisterVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands,School of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Charlotte Huppertz
- Department of Biological PsychologyNetherlands Twin RegisterVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of MedicineRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Catharina E.M. van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Biological PsychologyNetherlands Twin RegisterVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological PsychologyNetherlands Twin RegisterVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hanna Swaab
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent StudiesInstitute of Education and Child StudiesLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Eus J.W. Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and CognitionNetherlands Institute for Neurosciencean Institute of the Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Departments of Psychiatry and Integrative NeurophysiologyCenter for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological PsychologyNetherlands Twin RegisterVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Manzar MD, Salahuddin M, Pandi-Perumal SR, Bahammam AS. Insomnia May Mediate the Relationship Between Stress and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study in University Students. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:31-38. [PMID: 33447116 PMCID: PMC7802775 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s278988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High perceived stress and anxiety disorders are usually comorbid with each other, with stress often sequentially preceding the development of anxiety. While prior findings showed a causal role of sleep problems in anxiety, no study has assessed the role of insomnia as a mediator in the relationship between stress and anxiety. METHODS A cross-sectional study on university students (n = 475, age = 21.1+2.6 years) was conducted over 3 months. Participants completed self-report measures of Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire-Mizan (LSEQ-M), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), and a sociodemographic tool. The mediation effect model given by Baron and Kelly was used to determine the relationship. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia and anxiety disorder was 43.6% and 21.9%, respectively. Stress was significantly associated with LSEQ-M (insomnia measure) (b = -.44, SE = 0.16, p<0.01), and high levels of anxiety (b = 0.25, SE = 0.03, p < 0.01). The indirect effect of stress on anxiety through LSEQ-M (insomnia measure) was significant (95% confidence interval [0.01, 0.04]). However, the indirect effect of anxiety on stress through LSEQ-M (insomnia measure) was non-significant (95% confidence interval [-.01, 0.04]). CONCLUSIONS Students having higher perceived stress levels and comorbid insomnia were also likely to have a higher anxiety level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University (Mizan Campus), Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.,Pharmacology Division, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | | | - Ahmed S Bahammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia.,National Plan for Science and Technology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bottolfs M, Støa EM, Reinboth MS, Svendsen MV, Schmidt SK, Oellingrath IM, Bratland-Sanda S. Resilience and lifestyle-related factors as predictors for health-related quality of life among early adolescents: a cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520903656. [PMID: 32070172 PMCID: PMC7111039 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520903656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether lifestyle-related factors and resilience predict health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of early adolescents. Methods A total of 611 eighth grade pupils (response rate: 79%) participated in this cross-sectional study. The variables measured were physical activity (accelerometer), cardiorespiratory fitness (Andersen test) and a questionnaire assessing dietary habits, sleep disturbance, resilience (Resilience Scale for Adolescents) and HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-27). Results A total of 36% of the sample met the official recommendations of 60 minutes of daily physical activity. Univariate analysis identified physical activity, dietary habits, sleep disturbances, body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness and resilience, but not sedentary time, as predictors of HRQoL. Multivariate regression analysis identified resilience as a positive predictor (β 0.18 to 0.27) of all HRQoL domains and sleep disturbance as a negative predictor (β −0.65 to −0.24) of four HRQoL domains. BMI (β = −0.27) and cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.021) were predictors of the HRQoL domain physical well-being. Adherence to dietary recommendations was both a positive and a negative predictor of HRQoL (β −0.45 to 0.59). Conclusion Resilience and sleep disturbances were the main predictors of HRQoL.
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Inazumi CK, Andrechuk CRS, Lima MG, Zancanella E, de Azevedo Barros MB, de Oliveira Cardoso TAM, Ceolim MF. Is napping related with health-related behaviors and sleep habits among adolescents? A population-based study. Appl Nurs Res 2020; 56:151373. [PMID: 33280791 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in sleep quality and quantity occur in adolescence and can lead to the compensatory behavior of daytime napping. OBJECTIVE Analyze factors related to napping in adolescents. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1022 adolescents who participated in the 2014-2015 Health Survey of the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Napping was the dependent variable. Sociodemographic characteristics, living habits, health-related behaviors, feelings of loneliness, satisfaction with life and nocturnal sleep habits were the independent variables. Data analysis was performed using Rao-Scott chi-square test, unpaired Student's t-test and Poisson regression analysis; p < 0.05 was considered significant. The software STATA was used for analysis. RESULTS Mean participant age was 14.6 years (SD: 2.7; range: 10 to 19 years). Males accounted for 50.9% of the sample and 55.7% had white skin color. A total of 40.5% reported napping. Napping was more common in females (p = 0.006), the 14-to-17-year-old age group (p = 0.002), those who took medications in the previous 15 days (p = 0.001), those who were insufficiently active (p = 0.036), those who reported little or no satisfaction with life (p = 0.008) and those who woke up in bad mood (p = 0.004). Adolescents who napped also reported shorter sleep during the week (p < 0.001) and a perceived greater need for sleep (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of napping among the adolescents was independently associated with shorter average sleep, a perceived greater need for sleep than that obtained and waking up in a bad mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Kano Inazumi
- Faculty of Nursing, Campinas State University, Tessália Vieira de Camargo Street, #126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Renata Silva Andrechuk
- Faculty of Nursing, Campinas State University, Tessália Vieira de Camargo Street, #126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margareth Guimarães Lima
- Department of Collective Health, School of Medical Science, Campinas State University, Tessália Vieira de Camargo Street, #126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Zancanella
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Science, Campinas State University, Tessália Vieira de Camargo Street, #126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
- Department of Collective Health, School of Medical Science, Campinas State University, Tessália Vieira de Camargo Street, #126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Aparecida Marchiori de Oliveira Cardoso
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Science, Campinas State University, Tessália Vieira de Camargo Street, #126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Filomena Ceolim
- Faculty of Nursing, Campinas State University, Tessália Vieira de Camargo Street, #126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dimensions of adversity in association with adolescents' depression symptoms: Distinct moderating roles of cognitive and autonomic function. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:817-830. [PMID: 31845636 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to adverse events is prevalent among youths and robustly associated with risk for depression, particularly during adolescence. The Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology (DMAP) distinguishes between adverse events that expose youths to deprivation versus threat, positing unique mechanisms of risk (cognitive functioning deficits for deprivation, and altered fear and emotion learning for threat) that may require different approaches to intervention. We examined whether deprivation and threat were distinctly associated with behavioral measures of cognitive processes and autonomic nervous system function in relation to depression symptom severity in a community sample of early adolescents (n = 117; mean age 12.73 years; 54.7% male). Consistent with DMAP, associations between threat and depression symptoms, and between economic deprivation and depression symptoms, were distinctly moderated by physiological and cognitive functions, respectively, at baseline but not follow-up. Under conditions of greater cognitive inhibition, less exposure to deprivation was associated with lower symptom severity. Under conditions of blunted resting-state autonomic response (electrodermal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia), greater exposure to threat was associated with higher symptom severity. Our findings support the view that understanding risk for youth depression requires parsing adversity: examining distinct roles played by deprivation and threat, and the associated cognitive and biological processes.
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Lewinson T, Carrion IV. "They don't know who they have in here": Sense of community in budget hotels. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:2552-2570. [PMID: 32939757 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand older residents descriptions of socio-spatial guest interactions and sense of community in budget hotels. Due to financial vulnerability, some people move into budget hotels when other housing options are unavailable. Little is known about how older residents perceive other hotel guests who frequent the commercial establishment and how a mix of various consumer interactions can potentially influence health. Theoretically framing this inquiry with sense of community constructs, we conducted a secondary data analysis of 20 interviews with residents aged 50 and older. Through thematic analysis strategies, we identified temporal and socio-spatial interactions of hotel guests, then discussed sense of community based on these insider/outsider relationships. We conclude with research, policy, and practice implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Lewinson
- School of Social Work, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Iraida V Carrion
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Tekcan P, ÇaliŞkan Z, KocaÖz S. Sleep Quality and Related Factors in Turkish High School Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 55:120-125. [PMID: 32949851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to determine the sleep quality and related risk factors in high school adolescents. DESIGNS AND METHODS This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 adolescents. Data collection was with the 'Data Collection Form' and the 'Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index' (PSQI). RESULTS More than half of the adolescents had poor sleep quality (53.0%). PSQI scores were found to be associated with age, sex, poor school success, chronic disease, exposure to domestic verbal violence, inability to participate in sports, and feeling tired. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Adolescents should be supported by educational and informative programs about sleep hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zehra ÇaliŞkan
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Nursing Department, Semra and Vefa Küçük Faculty of Health Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Turkey.
| | - Semra KocaÖz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Nursing Department, Niğde Zübeyde Hanım School of Health, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey
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Relationships between Extra-School Tutoring Time, Somatic Symptoms, and Sleep Duration of Adolescent Students: A Panel Analysis Using Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218037. [PMID: 33142769 PMCID: PMC7663676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As private tutoring has expanded worldwide, it has been noted that private tutoring and associated emotional distress can affect sleep duration and the health of adolescent students. However, the relationships between extra-school tutoring time, somatic symptoms, defined as physical symptoms of emotional distress, and sleep duration in adolescents has rarely been determined. The aim of this study was to identify these relationships in adolescent students. Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were analyzed to address the research questions. Weekday sleep duration, extra-school tutoring time, and somatic symptoms were measured using adolescents’ self-report questionnaires. A multilevel, structural equation model was utilized to test the relationships between these variables and was deemed appropriate considering the repeated measure of the panel data. After controlling for respondent sex, parent working status and education level, and family structure, adolescents’ extra-school tutoring time and level of somatic symptoms were associated with sleep duration during weekdays. Furthermore, the association between extra-school tutoring time and sleep duration was partially mediated by somatic symptoms. Korean adolescent students slept less than the recommended duration. Intervention programs that increase parental interest and attention in adolescent students’ lives, not only focused on academic achievement but also emotional distress is needed. Researchers and policymakers should understand recommended age-appropriate sleep duration and the educational culture and provide balanced strategies between the consideration of the effect of private education on academic achievement and the need to guarantee physical and mental health in adolescent students.
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Lunsford-Avery JR, Keller C, Kollins SH, Krystal AD, Jackson L, Engelhard MM. Feasibility and Acceptability of Wearable Sleep Electroencephalogram Device Use in Adolescents: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e20590. [PMID: 33001035 PMCID: PMC7563632 DOI: 10.2196/20590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is an important life stage for the development of healthy behaviors, which have a long-lasting impact on health across the lifespan. Sleep undergoes significant changes during adolescence and is linked to physical and psychiatric health; however, sleep is rarely assessed in routine health care settings. Wearable sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) devices may represent user-friendly methods for assessing sleep among adolescents, but no studies to date have examined the feasibility and acceptability of sleep EEG wearables in this age group. Objective The goal of the research was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of sleep EEG wearable devices among adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. Methods A total of 104 adolescents aged 11 to 17 years participated in 7 days of at-home sleep recording using a self-administered wearable sleep EEG device (Zmachine Insight+, General Sleep Corporation) as well as a wristworn actigraph. Feasibility was assessed as the number of full nights of successful recording completed by adolescents, and acceptability was measured by the wearable acceptability survey for sleep. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed separately for the sleep EEG device and wristworn actigraph. Results A total of 94.2% (98/104) of adolescents successfully recorded at least 1 night of data using the sleep EEG device (mean number of nights 5.42; SD 1.71; median 6, mode 7). A total of 81.6% (84/103) rated the comfort of the device as falling in the comfortable to mildly uncomfortable range while awake. A total of 40.8% (42/103) reported typical sleep while using the device, while 39.8% (41/103) indicated minimal to mild device-related sleep disturbances. A minority (32/104, 30.8%) indicated changes in their sleep position due to device use, and very few (11/103, 10.7%) expressed dissatisfaction with their experience with the device. A similar pattern was observed for the wristworn actigraph device. Conclusions Wearable sleep EEG appears to represent a feasible, acceptable method for sleep assessment among adolescents and may have utility for assessing and treating sleep disturbances at a population level. Future studies with adolescents should evaluate strategies for further improving usability of such devices, assess relationships between sleep EEG–derived metrics and health outcomes, and investigate methods for incorporating data from these devices into emerging digital interventions and applications. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03843762; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03843762
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Lunsford-Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Casey Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Scott H Kollins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Leah Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Matthew M Engelhard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study is to examine whether children aged 7 to 11 years with very well-characterized ADHD, recruited from the community, have a similar number of healthy lifestyle behaviors as compared with typically developing children from the same community. Method: Parents of children with (n = 184) and without (n = 104) ADHD completed a lifestyle questionnaire asking about water intake, sweetened beverage consumption, multivitamin/supplement use, reading, screen time, physical activity, and sleep. A lifestyle index was formed from these seven domains (0-7), and multivariable ordered logistic regression was used to examine the association of ADHD status and total healthy lifestyle behaviors. Results: Children with ADHD were almost twice as likely to have fewer healthy behaviors, even after adjustment for age, sex, intelligence quotient (IQ), ADHD medication use, household income, and four comorbid psychiatric disorders (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval] = 1.95 [1.16, 3.30], p = .01). Conclusion: Future research is needed to assess the effects of a combined lifestyle intervention in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel T. Nigg
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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66
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Kramer Fiala Machado A, Wendt A, Baptista Menezes AM, Gonçalves H, Wehrmeister FC. Sleep duration trajectories from adolescence to emerging adulthood: Findings from a population-based birth cohort. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13155. [PMID: 32808393 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe longitudinal trajectories of sleep duration, among adolescents and adults from the Pelotas (Brazil) 1993 Birth Cohort, as well as characterize different trajectories groups according to socioeconomic, demographic and behavior characteristics. Sleep duration, hours per day (from Monday to Friday), bedtime and wake-up time were self-reported by participants at ages 11, 18 and 22 years. Covariables included socioeconomic, demographic, health and behavior characteristics. Trajectory analysis was performed using a semi-parametric, group-based modelling approach. Prevalence and 95% confidence interval were obtained to describe covariables and sleep trajectory groups. Chi-square test was employed in statistical analysis and all analyses were stratified by sex. A total of 3.395 individuals were included in the analysis. In both sexes, bedtime became later across years, while wake-up time presented little variation. Differences according sex were more pronounced from 18 years onwards. Three trajectories of sleep duration from 11 to 22 years were identified for males: "increase and maintenance" (3.4%), "fast reduction and maintenance" (45.0%) and "constant reduction" (51.6%). While in females the trajectories identified were: "increase and decrease" (2.4%), "fast reduction and maintenance" (25.6%) and "constant reduction" (72.0%). Men and women who belong to trajectories with longer sleep durations were more likely to present higher percentages of some risk behaviors and poor socioeconomic condition. Our results have provided longitudinal information regarding sleep duration trajectories in a medium-sized city in Brazil, aiming at filling an existing gap in literature from low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Wendt
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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An Exploratory Study on Sleep Procrastination: Bedtime vs. While-in-Bed Procrastination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165892. [PMID: 32823762 PMCID: PMC7460337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Sleep Procrastination literature has focused on the behaviors individuals engage in before going to bed (Bedtime Procrastination) but not on the behaviors individuals engage in after going to bed (While-in-Bed Procrastination). The main goal of this study is to explore whether this While-in-Bed procrastination is a novel phenomenon that adds to the Sleep Procrastination literature. The study was conducted online with 400 high school students (Mage = 16.56; 139 males) recruited through personal contacts and social media. The Bedtime procrastination scale was adapted and validated for this sample, whereas the While-in-Bed Procrastination scale was developed for this study. Data show a low correlation (r = 0.158 **) between Bedtime and While-in-Bed Procrastination scales, suggesting that Sleep Procrastination may be composed of the two facets. Additionally, results showed that more Bedtime Procrastination was related to later waking time and later dinnertime hours, whereas more While-in-Bed Procrastination was linked to being male, later desired time to sleep, and earlier dinnertime hour. Findings indicate that solely assessing Bedtime Procrastination as representing the procrastination of Sleep is limited and overlooks a significant part of this behavior. This exploratory study adds a new perspective to the literature by stressing the role of While-in-Bed Procrastination, thus opening new research pathways.
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Tokiya M, Itani O, Otsuka Y, Kaneita Y. Relationship between internet addiction and sleep disturbance in high school students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:379. [PMID: 32782022 PMCID: PMC7418409 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in the number of Internet users has increased Internet dependence worldwide. In adolescents, this dependence may interfere with sleep, which is important for the development of psychophysiological capabilities. However, few large-scale surveys have described the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and sleep disturbance using standardized questionnaires. We conducted a survey in one prefecture in Japan to determine the relationship between sleep disturbance and IA in adolescents based on the categories of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ). METHODS In 2016, high school students (N = 10,405, age range: 15-16 years) in all 54 daytime high schools in the selected prefecture were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants with scores > 5.5 points on the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were defined as having a sleep disturbance. IA was evaluated using the YDQ: Participants with five to eight YDQ items present were classified as having IA; those with three or four items present were classified as "at risk of IA"; and those with two or less YDQ items were classified as "non-IA". Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with sleep disturbance as the dependent variable, IA as the explanatory variable, and adjustments for eight other variables. RESULTS High YDQ scores were associated with a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in boys and girls. These findings persisted after controlling for other factors in the multiple regression model. CONCLUSIONS Among Japanese adolescents, there was a significant independent relationship between IA and sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Tokiya
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Osamu Itani
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Otsuka
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
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Cooper AR, Loeb KL, McGlinchey EL. Sleep and eating disorders: current research and future directions. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 34:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jenkins RH, Shen C, Dumontheil I, Thomas MS, Elliott P, Röösli M, Toledano MB. Social networking site use in young adolescents: Association with health-related quality of life and behavioural difficulties. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Çelebioğlu A, Aytekin Özdemir A, Küçükoğlu S, Ayran G. The effect of Internet addiction on sleep quality in adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2020; 33:221-228. [PMID: 32657485 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM This cross-sectional type study was conducted to investigate the effect of Internet addiction on sleep quality in adolescents. METHODS The study was conducted between September and December 2017 in three high schools located in the city center of Erzincan determined according to three socioeconomic levels. The population of the study was composed of 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade students in the high schools determined. In the study, sample group selection was not made and all students, for whom parental permission and student permissions were obtained, were included in the study. A total of 1487 students were included in the study. FINDINGS The average age of adolescents who participated in the study was 16.16 ± 1.19, 60.6% were male, and 27.6% were 9th grader. Adolescents' Young Internet Addiction Test-Short Form (YIAT-SF) total score average was 25.12 ± 9.14 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) total score average was 5.11 ± 3.02. Poor sleep quality was found in 61.6% of adolescents. A positive and statistically significant relationship was found between the YIAT total score and the PSQI total score of adolescents (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS It was determined that adolescents have a moderate Internet addiction, poor sleep quality, and Internet addiction negatively affects sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sibel Küçükoğlu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gülsün Ayran
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Wall K, Vanwoerden S, Penner F, Patriquin M, Alfano CA, Sharp C. Adolescent Sleep Disturbance, Emotion Regulation and Borderline Features in an Inpatient Setting. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 51:892-906. [PMID: 32603239 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1772081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the relation between sleep disturbance, emotion dysregulation and borderline personality features in adolescent inpatients. METHOD N = 217 adolescents (67.1% female; ages 12-17) with the following racial/ethnic breakdown: 67.4% White, 3.7% Hispanic, 2.8% Asian, 1.8% African American, and 6.4% multiracial) completed self-report measures of sleep disturbance, emotion dysregulation and borderline personality symptoms at admission to, discharge from, and at 6-months-post discharge from an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Group comparison and path analyses were conducted to examine differences in sleep disturbance between those with and without borderline personality disorder and the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the relation between sleep disturbance and borderline personality features. RESULTS Borderline personality features and emotion dysregulation were significantly related to indices of sleep disturbance. Path models revealed that some sleep disturbance indices at admission directly predicted levels of borderline features at discharge and at 6-months-post-discharge. However, none of the indirect pathways between sleep disturbance at admission, emotion dysregulation at discharge, and borderline features at discharge or 6-months post-discharge were significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings are consistent with prior literature which suggest that a unique relation exists between sleep disturbance and BPD, beyond comorbid depression symptoms. However, contrary to our hypotheses, the current study did not provide empirical support for the mediating role of emotion regulation in this relation. These findings have implications for existing personality disorder and sleep interventions and suggest further research into the mechanisms underlying the relation between sleep disturbance and borderline personality pathology is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Wall
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
| | | | | | - Michelle Patriquin
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Menninger Clinic
| | | | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
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Rzepka-Migut B, Paprocka J. Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin Treatment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-A Review of the Literature. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040219. [PMID: 32272607 PMCID: PMC7226342 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with disturbed melatonin secretion profile and sleep problems. The growing incidence of ASD and ADHD inspires scientists to research the underlying causes of these conditions. The authors focused on two fundamental aspects, the first one being the presentation of the role of melatonin in ASD and ADHD and the second of the influence of melatonin treatment on sleep disorders. The authors present the use of melatonin both in the context of causal and symptomatic treatment and discuss melatonin supplementation: Dosage patterns, effectiveness, and safety. Sleep disorders may have a different clinical picture, so the assessment of exogenous melatonin efficacy should also refer to a specific group of symptoms. The review draws attention to the wide range of doses of melatonin used in supplementation and the need to introduce unified standards especially in the group of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Rzepka-Migut
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Pediatrics, St. Queen Jadwiga’s Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Guo L, Wang T, Wang W, Fan B, Xie B, Zhang H, Liao Y, Lu C. Association between habitual weekday sleep duration and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents:The role of mode of birth delivery. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:583-589. [PMID: 31759667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms among adolescents are common. This study aimed to assess, among Chinese adolescents, the associations of habitual weekday sleep duration with depressive symptoms and whether these associations varied with the mode of birth delivery. METHODS Data were from the 2015 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, and 150,053 students' questionnaires were qualified for analysis. Multi-level logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS A weekday sleep duration of ≤5 h/night was associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.98, 95% CI=2.75-3.24), and adolescents who reported a weekday sleep duration of 5-7 h/night (aOR=1.69, 95% CI=1.60-1.79) and >9 h/night (aOR=1.28, 95% CI=1.11-1.45) were also at a higher risk of depressive symptoms. Stratification analyses showed that in both adolescents delivered by vaginal birth and cesarean section (CS), a weekday sleep duration of ≤5 h/night, 5-7 h/night, and >9 h/night were associated with the increased risk of depressive symptoms in the adjusted models, and the magnitudes of the aORs in adolescents delivered by CS were slightly higher than those in adolescents delivered by vaginal birth. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study design and self-reported sleep duration and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a significant U-shaped association between weekday sleep duration and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. In both adolescents delivered by vaginal birth and CS, those who reported having abnormal sleep duration were at a high risk of depressive symptoms. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest sleep duration and mode of delivery should be a matter of concern for public health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Beifang Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Sonmez AI, Kucuker MU, Lewis CP, Kolla BP, Camsari DD, Vande Voort JL, Schak KM, Kung S, Croarkin PE. Improvement in hypersomnia with high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed adolescents: Preliminary evidence from an open-label study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 97:109763. [PMID: 31634515 PMCID: PMC6904948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disruption is a significant symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). To our knowledge, no prior work has examined the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on sleep disturbances in adolescents with MDD. METHODS Seventeen adolescents with treatment-resistant depression received 30 daily sessions of 10-Hz rTMS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC). Clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline; after 10, 20, and 30 treatments; and at a 6-month follow-up visit. Insomnia was measured with a 3-item subscale of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Adolescent (17 Item)-Self Report (QIDS-A17-SR). Hypersomnia was measured with a single QIDS-A17-SR item. Depression severity was rated with the Children's Depression Rating Scale, Revised (CDRS-R). The effect of rTMS on sleep was examined via linear mixed model analyses, with fixed effects of time (as a proxy of treatment), depression severity, age, and hypnotic medication use. RESULTS No significant main effect of time was observed on the insomnia subscale (F4,43.442 = 1.078, p = 0 .379). However, there was a significant main effect of time on the QIDS-A17-SR hypersomnia score (F4,46.124 = 2.733, p = 0 .040), with significant improvement from baseline to treatment 10 (padj = 0.019) and from baseline to 6-month follow-up (padj = 0.044). In exploratory sensitivity analyses, response/nonresponse to rTMS for overall depressive symptoms had no significant effect on sleep outcomes. CONCLUSIONS rTMS may have intrinsic effects on hypersomnia apart from its antidepressant effects in depressed adolescents. Future work should utilize sham controls and objective, quantitative measurements of sleep architecture to assess effects of rTMS in depressed adolescents. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers are NCT00587639, NCT01502033, NCT01804270.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Irem Sonmez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - M. Utku Kucuker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charles P. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bhanu Prakash Kolla
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Deniz Doruk Camsari
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Kathryn M. Schak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simon Kung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Reprints: Paul E. Croarkin, DO, MSCS, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, , Telephone: (507) 293-2557, Fax: (507) 293-3933
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Thorsén F, Antonson C, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Sleep in relation to psychiatric symptoms and perceived stress in Swedish adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2020; 8:10-17. [PMID: 33520774 PMCID: PMC7685494 DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2020-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep affects psychiatric health and perceived stress during adolescence. OBJECTIVE The first aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep in a sample of Swedish adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. The second aim was to investigate correlations between: a) sleep and psychiatric symptoms and; b) sleep and perceived stress. The third aim was to examine possible sex differences in sleep. METHOD In 2011, a total of 185 Swedish adolescents (aged 15 to 19 years) from two upper secondary schools participated in this cross-sectional study. We used three different psychometric scales: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure sleep, general psychiatric health and perceived stress. RESULTS In total, 76% of the female students and 71% of the male students had poor overall sleep quality. A large majority, 93%, reported daytime dysfunction and 60% reported problems staying awake during daily activities. The correlation between sleep and general psychiatric health was 0.44 and the correlation between sleep quality and perceived stress was 0.48. Female students reported significantly more sleep disturbances than male students do. CONCLUSIONS Three out of four of the upper secondary school students presented with poor overall sleep that associated with psychiatric symptoms and perceived stress. These findings add to results from earlier studies and imply that interventions to improve sleep in adolescents, individually as well as on a societal level, should be considered as one way of trying to impact the observed rising numbers of psychiatric complaints. Such interventions may improve mental and somatic health in adolescents and prevent the development of psychiatric and stress-related symptoms. Further studies of possible methods, and their implementation, for improving sleep in adolescents should be of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Thorsén
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carl Antonson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Burns RD, Brusseau TA, Pfledderer CD, Fu Y. Sports Participation Correlates With Academic Achievement: Results From a Large Adolescent Sample Within the 2017 U.S. National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 127:448-467. [PMID: 31937186 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519900055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to examine associations between (a) sports team participation; (b) lifestyle behaviors (e.g., sleeping, alcohol, and tobacco use); and (c) dietary behaviors with self-reported academic achievement using data derived from the 2017 U.S. National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A multistage cluster sampling procedure was employed to obtain a representative sample of U.S. adolescents from among whom the number with usable data was 14,765. We used weighted logistic regression models to examine the associations between sports participation, lifestyle behaviors, and diet with reported academic achievement (mostly A’s and B’s), adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and race/ethnicity. After controlling for lifestyle behaviors, diet, and other potentially confounding variables, we found that adolescents participating in one or more sport teams throughout the past year also reported higher academic achievement (A’s and B’s) compared with adolescents participating in zero sports teams (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.39 to 2.40, p < .001). This relationship was dose-dependent, as participating in multiple sports teams (i.e., > 3) showed a stronger association with academic achievement than participating on only one sports team ( p < .001). Other independent behavioral correlates with similarly high grades included daily breakfast consumption ( OR = 1.40, p < .001), sleeping at least eight hours per night ( OR = 1.21, p < .001), and regular consumption of vegetables ( OR = 1.56, p < .001) and salads ( OR = 1.30, p < .001). We discuss the meaning and implication of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy A Brusseau
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - You Fu
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, NV, USA
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78
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Jain Gupta N, Khare A. Disruption in daily eating-fasting and activity-rest cycles in Indian adolescents attending school. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227002. [PMID: 31923256 PMCID: PMC6953840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A lifestyle with erratic eating patterns and habits predisposes youngsters to obesity. Through a two-phase feasibility study among Indian students living in the Delhi area, we longitudinally examined the following: (1) the daily eating-fasting cycles of students (N = 34) in school and college using smartphones as they transition from high school (aged 13–15 years; nIX = 13) to higher secondary school (HSSS; 16–18 years; nXII = 9) to their first year (FY) of college (18–19 years; nFC = 12); and (2) daily activity-rest cycles and light-dark exposure of 31 higher secondary school students (HSSS) using actigraphy. In phase 1, students’ food data were analyzed for temporal details of eating events and observable differences in diet composition, such as an energy-dense diet (fast food (FF)), as confounding factors of circadian health. Overall, the mean eating duration in high school, higher secondary and FY college students ranged from 14.1 to 16.2h. HSSS exhibited the shortest night fasting. Although FY college students exhibited the highest fast food percentage (FF%), a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and FF% was observed only among HSSS. Furthermore, the body weight of HSSS was significantly higher, indicating that FF, untimely eating and reduced night fasting were important obesity-associated factors in adolescents. Reduced night fasting duration was also related to shorter sleep in HSSS. Therefore, food data were supplemented with wrist actigraphy, i.e., activity-rest data, in HSSS. Actigraphy externally validated the increased obesogenic consequences of deregulated eating rhythms in HSSS. CamNtech motion watches were used to assess the relationship between disturbed activity cycles of HSSS and other circadian clock-related rhythms, such as sleep. Less than 50% of Indian HSSS slept 6 hours or more per night. Seven of 31 students remained awake throughout the night, during which they had more than 20% of their daily light exposure. Three nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis (NPCRA) variables revealed circadian disruption of activity in HSSS. The present study suggests that inappropriate timing and quality of food and sleep disturbances are important determinants of circadian disruptions in adolescents attending school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Jain Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Akansha Khare
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP, India
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79
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Gest S, Frank M, Holtmann M, Schölmerich A, Legenbauer T. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Schlafproblemen, unzureichender Schlafdauer und psychischen Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2019. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Schlafprobleme und eine unzureichende Schlafdauer können die psychische Gesundheit im Kindes- und Jugendalter nachhaltig beeinträchtigen. Daten von 6.670 Jungen und Mädchen im Alter von 11 – 13 und 14 – 17 Jahren, aus dem Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KIGGS), wurden getrennt nach Geschlechtern analysiert, um zu untersuchen, ob Schlafprobleme und eine unzureichende Schlafdauer mit einer höheren Risikowahrscheinlichkeit für psychische Auffälligkeiten einhergehen. Während Schlafprobleme unabhängig von Geschlecht und Alter mit einem höheren Risiko für alle Symptombereiche (OR = 1.52 – 3.49) verbunden sind, findet sich hinsichtlich einer geringen Schlafdauer nur bei Mädchen eine höheres Risikowahrscheinlichkeit für Auffälligkeiten im externalisierenden und internalisierenden Bereich. Damit scheint sich der Zusammenhang zwischen unzureichender Schlafdauer und psychischen Auffälligkeiten bei Jungen und Mädchen zu unterscheiden. Mögliche Ursachen und Implikationen für die pädiatrische und psychiatrische Praxis werden diskutiert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gest
- LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik Hamm
| | - Mirjam Frank
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IMIBE) Essen
| | - Martin Holtmann
- LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik Hamm
| | | | - Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik Hamm
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Ramírez CA, Till K, Beasley G, Giuliano P, Leduc C, Dalton-Barron N, Weakley JJ, Jones B. Sleep patterns of elite youth team-sport athletes prior to and during international competition. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1662081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Ramírez
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds, UK
- Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Club, Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby Club, Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds, UK
| | - Grant Beasley
- The Rugby Football Union, Twickenham Stadium, London, UK
| | | | - Cédric Leduc
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds, UK
| | - Nicholas Dalton-Barron
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathon J.S. Weakley
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds, UK
- Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Club, Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds, UK
- Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Club, Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby Club, Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- The Rugby Football League, Red Hall Lane, Leeds, UK
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81
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Effects of earlier bedtimes on sleep duration, sleep complaints and psychological functioning in adolescents. SOMNOLOGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-019-0202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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82
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Sleep and adjustment in adolescence: physical activity as a moderator of risk. Sleep Health 2019; 5:266-272. [PMID: 30928497 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated physical activity as a moderator of relations between sleep duration and quality and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. DESIGN The study used a cross-sectional design. SETTING Participants were recruited from small towns and semi-urban communities in Alabama. PARTICIPANTS The sample was comprised of 235 adolescents (Mage = 15.78 years, SD = 9.60 months) who were diverse in sex (53% female), race/ethnicity (34% Black/African American, 66% White), and socioeconomic status. MEASUREMENTS Sleep duration (actual sleep minutes), efficiency (minutes/total sleep period), and latency (minutes from sleep attempt to onset) were examined with actigraphs for 1 week. Youth reported on their physical activity levels and internalizing and externalizing problems. RESULTS Interactions between sleep and physical activity emerged in the prediction of adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Supportive of moderation effects, adolescents with shorter or poorer-quality sleep in conjunction with less physical activity showed the highest levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Demonstrative of protective effects, adolescents with more physical activity had lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems regardless of their sleep duration or quality. CONCLUSIONS Findings illustrate that not all youth are at equal risk for adjustment problems when they experience short or poor-quality sleep, suggesting the importance of examining both bioregulatory and environmental factors in understanding adolescent adjustment.
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83
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Developmental trajectory of hope among late-adolescents: Population heterogeneity and the impact of gender and family socioeconomic status. J Adolesc 2019; 72:124-131. [PMID: 30884429 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the developmental trajectory of hope among late-adolescents, taking population heterogeneity and the impact of gender and family socioeconomic status (SES) into consideration. METHODS The study used the Snyder Hope Scale to perform four surveys of a sample of 381 Chinese late-adolescents, both male and female, with a mean age of 17.69 ± 1.12 years, over the course of one year, and employed a growth mixture model to perform data analysis. RESULTS Although the levels of hope among the respondents who had high and moderate levels of hope at the outset of the study remained relatively stable over the course of the year, those with low levels of hope exhibited a significant decrease over time. CONCLUSIONS There is significant population heterogeneity in late-adolescents' developmental trajectory of hope. Additionally, gender and family SES have a significant effect on the developmental trajectory of hope, as significantly more female students than male students reported high levels of hope. Furthermore, participants with high family SES outnumbered those with low family SES in the high-hope group, whereas those with low SES outnumbered those with high SES in the low-hope group.
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84
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Mireku MO, Barker MM, Mutz J, Dumontheil I, Thomas MSC, Röösli M, Elliott P, Toledano MB. Night-time screen-based media device use and adolescents' sleep and health-related quality of life. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:66-78. [PMID: 30640131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the relationship between night-time screen-based media devices (SBMD) use, which refers to use within 1 h before sleep, in both lit and dark rooms, and sleep outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among 11 to 12-year-olds. METHODS We analysed baseline data from a large cohort of 6616 adolescents from 39 schools in and around London, United Kingdom, participating in the Study of Cognition Adolescents and Mobile Phone (SCAMP). Adolescents self-reported their use of any SBMD (mobile phone, tablet, laptop, television etc.). Sleep variables were derived from self-reported weekday and/or weekend bedtime, sleep onset latency (SOL) and wake time. Sleep quality was assessed using four standardised dimensions from the Swiss Health Survey. HRQoL was estimated using the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. RESULTS Over two-thirds (71.5%) of adolescents reported using at least one SBMD at night-time, and about a third (32.2%) reported using mobile phones at night-time in darkness. Night-time mobile phone and television use was associated with higher odds of insufficient sleep duration on weekdays (Odds Ratio, OR = 1.82, 95% Confidence Interval, CI [1.59, 2.07] and OR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.23, 1.60], respectively). Adolescents who used mobile phones in a room with light were more likely to have insufficient sleep (OR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.10, 1.60]) and later sleep midpoint (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.37, 1.95]) on weekends compared to non-users. The magnitude of these associations was even stronger for those who used mobile phones in darkness for insufficient sleep duration on weekdays (OR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.79, 2.54]) and for later sleep midpoint on weekdays (OR = 3.88, 95% CI [3.25, 4.62]) compared to non-users. Night-time use of mobile phones was associated with lower HRQoL and use in a dark room was associated with even lower KIDSCREEN-10 score (β = -1.18, 95% CI [-1.85, -0.52]) compared to no use. CONCLUSIONS We found consistent associations between night-time SBMD use and poor sleep outcomes and worse HRQoL in adolescents. The magnitude of these associations was stronger when SBMD use occurred in a dark room versus a lit room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Mireku
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London, a Partnership with Public Health England, and collaboration with Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Mary M Barker
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julian Mutz
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London, a Partnership with Public Health England, and collaboration with Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Iroise Dumontheil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - Michael S C Thomas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London, a Partnership with Public Health England, and collaboration with Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London, a Partnership with Public Health England, and collaboration with Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK.
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85
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Lin LN, Chang LY, Hurng BS, Wu CC, Yen LL, Chang HY. Sex differences in sleep patterns and changes in 7th to 12th graders: a longitudinal follow-up study in Taiwan. Sleep 2019; 41:4772915. [PMID: 29309703 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives To assess the relationship between sex and the development of sleep patterns in adolescents from grade 7 to 12. Methods We analyzed longitudinal data from annual school-based assessments of sleep habits among secondary school students in northern Taiwan. Measures of sleep patterns included sleep length on weekdays and weekends as well as weekend-weekday difference (WndD), defined as the discrepancy in the time in bed (TIB) between weekdays and weekends. Growth curve models were used to assess sex differences in sleep patterns. Associations between other covariates and sleep patterns were also explored. Results We found shorter weekday TIB in girls compared with boys at all time points. In contrast, girls had longer weekend TIB than boys over time except in the 12th grade. WndD was also longer in girls than boys. All interaction terms between sex and time were insignificant, indicating that developmental change across time was not statistically different for boys and girls. Several other factors, namely, parental education, pubertal development, self-perceived health, weight status, depressive symptoms, academic stress, infrequent exercise, and substance use, were also found to be associated with sleep patterns. Conclusions Our findings show a sex difference in TIB both on weekdays and weekends. No sex difference was found in the development of sleep patterns over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linen Nymphas Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Baai-Shyun Hurng
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Lan Yen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yangming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chang LY, Wu CC, Yen LL, Chang HY. The effects of family dysfunction trajectories during childhood and early adolescence on sleep quality during late adolescence: Resilience as a mediator. Soc Sci Med 2019; 222:162-170. [PMID: 30641286 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sleep quality has been linked to several behavioral and psychological problems. No longitudinal study has examined the associations and underlying mechanisms between the trajectories of family characteristics and sleep quality in adolescents. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of heterogeneous trajectories of family dysfunction on sleep quality in adolescents and examines whether resilience mediates these associations. METHOD Data came from 2280 adolescents participating in a longitudinal study across grades 2 through 11 in northern Taiwan. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify discrete developmental patterns of family dysfunction. Multiple linear regression was applied to examine the associations between family dysfunction trajectories and sleep quality. Mediation analysis was conducted to test whether resilience mediates the associations examined. RESULTS Four distinct trajectories of family dysfunction were identified: low persistent (26%), escalating dysfunction (21%), moderate stable (25%), and high persistent (28%). Compared to adolescents in the low-persistent trajectory, those in the escalating-dysfunction, moderate-stable, and high-persistent trajectories had significant lower levels of sleep quality (B = -0.19, p < .001, B = -0.14, p < .01, and B = -0.13, p < .05, respectively). Resilience significantly mediated the effects of all family dysfunction trajectories (relative to the low-persistent trajectory) on sleep quality (95% bootstrap confidence intervals are -0.06 to -0.02, -0.05 to -0.02, and -0.08 to -0.03 for escalating-dysfunction, moderate-stable, and high-persistent trajectories, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Family dysfunction conferred risks for poor sleep quality in adolescents and the negative effects, in part, were through decreasing resilience. Interventions to improve sleep quality in adolescents by targeting family function may be more effective when incorporating resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Lan Yen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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Boafo A, Greenham S, Alenezi S, Robillard R, Pajer K, Tavakoli P, De Koninck J. Could long-term administration of melatonin to prepubertal children affect timing of puberty? A clinician's perspective. Nat Sci Sleep 2019; 11:1-10. [PMID: 30774488 PMCID: PMC6362935 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s181365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous melatonin can be used to treat sleep disturbance in adults, children, and adolescents. While its short-term use is considered safe, there are some concerns that long-term use might delay children's sexual maturation, possibly by disrupting the decline in nocturnal melatonin levels that occur at the onset of puberty. This narrative review aimed to summarize some of the current knowledge about the potential effects of exogenous melatonin on puberty. We found no clinical studies that experimentally tested the effects of melatonin on pubertal timing in children, but we reviewed the small number of observational studies. We also drew on animal data to try to answer our question. The photoperiod and melatonin-mediated seasonal transitions in sexual activity and breeding in some mammals across the seasons have been used as a model of sexual development in mammals, including humans. The switch from non-sexual activity (in the non-breeding period) to sexual activity (in the breeding period) has been likened to the onset of puberty as there are similarities between the two. We conclude that to investigate an association between melatonin and pubertal timing, it will be important to conduct long-term randomized controlled trials of latency age children and also examine the cellular and systems-level interactions between melatonin and kisspeptin, a recently identified neuropeptide with a locus of action at the gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons that is important in contributing to the timing of puberty onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addo Boafo
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada, .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
| | - Stephanie Greenham
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada, .,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shuliweeh Alenezi
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada, .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
| | - Rébecca Robillard
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Sleep Research Unit, Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen Pajer
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada, .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
| | - Paniz Tavakoli
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada,
| | - Joseph De Koninck
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Sleep Research Unit, Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Patil A, Bhavya, Chaudhury S, Srivastava S. Eyeing computer vision syndrome: Awareness, knowledge, and its impact on sleep quality among medical students. Ind Psychiatry J 2019; 28:68-74. [PMID: 31879450 PMCID: PMC6929228 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_93_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer vision syndrome (CVS) encompasses a constellation of ocular and extraocular symptoms in computer users who either habitually or compulsively use computers for long periods of time. Electronic devices such as computers, smart phones, and tablets emit blue light (400-490 nm) from their light-emitting diodes and produce electromagnetic fields, both of which interfere with the circadian rhythm. AIM This study aims to assess the awareness, knowledge, and impact on sleep quality of CVS among medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 500 medical students. All participants anonymously filled up a pro forma including sociodemographic details and three questionnaires that (a) tested for awareness and knowledge about CVS, (b) tested for CVS, and (c) the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), respectively. Data from 463 complete questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS The mean (±standard deviation) age of the 463 individuals was 19.55 (±1.04) years. The prevalence of CVS was 77.5%. The prevalence was higher in boys (80.23%) compared to girls (75.87%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Only 34.1% of the medical students were aware of CVS. Good knowledge regarding various aspects of CVS was observed in 22.46% individuals, while 53.99% and 23.56% had average and poor knowledge, respectively. Poor sleep quality was present in 75.49% of individuals with CVS compared to 50.96% of students without CVS; the difference was statistically significant (odd's ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.338 [0.214-0.531]). All the components of PSQI score, except components 1 and 6, had statistically significantly (P < 0.05) higher values in individuals with CVS as compared to individuals without CVS. CONCLUSIONS There is high prevalence but low level of awareness and knowledge about CVS among medical students. CVS is significantly associated with poor sleep quality in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Patil
- Department of Physiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhavya
- Department of Physiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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89
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Tougas ME, Chambers CT, Corkum P, Robillard JM, Gruzd A, Howard V, Kampen A, Boerner KE, Hundert AS. Social Media Content About Children's Pain and Sleep: Content and Network Analysis. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2018; 1:e11193. [PMID: 31518292 PMCID: PMC6715344 DOI: 10.2196/11193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media is often used for health communication and can facilitate fast information exchange. Despite its increasing use, little is known about child health information sharing and engagement over social media. OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of this study are to systematically describe the content of social media posts about child pain and sleep and identify the level of research evidence in these posts. The secondary objective is to examine user engagement with information shared over social media. METHODS Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook were searched by members of the research team over a 2-week period using a comprehensive search strategy. Codes were used to categorize the content of posts to identify the frequency of content categories shared over social media platforms. Posts were evaluated by content experts to determine the frequency of posts consistent with existing research evidence. User engagement was analyzed using Netlytic, a social network analysis program, to examine visual networks illustrating the level of user engagement. RESULTS From the 2-week period, nearly 1500 pain-related and 3800 sleep-related posts were identified and analyzed. Twitter was used most often to share knowledge about child pain (639/1133, 56.40% of posts), and personal experiences for child sleep (2255/3008, 75.00% of posts). For both topics, Instagram posts shared personal experiences (53/68, 78% pain; 413/478, 86.4% sleep), Facebook group posts shared personal experiences (30/49, 61% pain; 230/345, 66.7% sleep) and Facebook pages shared knowledge (68/198, 34.3% pain; 452/1026, 44.05% sleep). Across platforms, research evidence was shared in 21.96% (318/1448) of pain- and 9.16% (445/4857) of sleep-related posts; 5.38% (61/1133) of all pain posts and 2.82% (85/3008) of all sleep posts shared information inconsistent with the evidence, while the rest were absent of evidence. User interactions were indirect, with mostly one-way, rather than reciprocal conversations. CONCLUSIONS Social media is commonly used to discuss child health, yet the majority of posts do not contain research evidence, and user engagement is primarily one-way. These findings represent an opportunity to expand engagement through open conversations with credible sources. Research and health care communities can benefit from incorporating specific information about evidence within social media posts to improve communication with the public and empower users to distinguish evidence-based content better. Together, these findings have identified potential gaps in social media communication that may be informative targets to guide future strategies for improving the translation of child health evidence over social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Tougas
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Penny Corkum
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Julie M Robillard
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Mental Health, BC Children's Hospital & Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anatoliy Gruzd
- The Ted Rogers School of Information Technology Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian Howard
- School of Information Management, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrea Kampen
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Katelynn E Boerner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Mental Health, BC Children's Hospital & Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amos S Hundert
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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90
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Trends in sleeping difficulties among European adolescents: Are these associated with physical inactivity and excessive screen time? Int J Public Health 2018; 64:487-498. [PMID: 30535677 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined changes in sleep-onset difficulties over time and associations with physical activity and screen time behavior among adolescents. METHODS We used data from last four survey waves of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study (2002-2006-2010-2014). Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between regular sleeping difficulties, excessive screen time exposure and being insufficiently physically active (i.e., < 60 min daily) among 33 European and non-European countries. RESULTS Findings indicate an increase in the prevalence of sleep-onset difficulties and in excessive screen time exposure and a small but significant increase in physical activity levels. Additionally, adolescents exceeding 2-h daily screen time had 20% higher odds of reporting sleep-onset difficulties, while no association was found for physical activity. The strength of the association between screen time and sleep-onset difficulties increased over time, which may reflect a change in type of screen time use (e.g., the increased use of easy accessible screens such as smartphones and tablets). CONCLUSIONS Effective strategies to reduce screen time are key to reverse the detrimental trend in sleep-onset difficulties among adolescents.
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91
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Hestetun I, Svendsen MV, Oellingrath IM. Sleep problems and mental health among young Norwegian adolescents. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:578-585. [PMID: 30296874 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1499043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated the associations between the aspects of sleep problems and mental health in Norwegian young adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adolescents (12-13 years) were recruited from the primary schools in Telemark County, Norway. Sleep related problems were assessed by asking parents three questions related to their childrens' sleep quality, sleep sufficiency, and daytime sleepiness. Parents reported data on mental health by the extended version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and information on the child's physical activity, screen time, eating pattern, gender, and background variables. Height and weight were objectively measured. Complete data were obtained for 690 adolescents. RESULTS Multiple logistic regressions were used. Bivariate analyses indicated important associations between the sleep aspects and mental health. When adjusting the sleep variables for each other, lifestyle factors and background variables, sleep quality problems were associated with any psychiatric problem (ORadj: 4.0, CI: 2.0-8.2), emotional problems (ORadj: 15.1, CI: 3.4-66.8), and hyperactivity-inattention problems (ORadj: 5.1, CI: 2.2-12.1). Daytime sleepiness problems were associated with any psychiatric problem (ORadj: 2.3, CI: 1.2-4.4), and hyperactivity-inattention problems (ORadj: 2.5, CI: 1.1-5.5). Bivariate associations between problems with sufficient sleep and mental health problems lost the significance when adjusted for other sleep variables. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that different aspects of sleep problems may be important underlying factors for mental health problems in adolescents, independently of lifestyle factors, BMI-category, gender, and background variables. This highlights the importance of examining specific sleep problems when investigating associations between sleep and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingebjørg Hestetun
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Telemark Hospital , Skien , Norway
| | - Martin Veel Svendsen
- b Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Telemark Hospital , Skien , Norway
| | - Inger Margaret Oellingrath
- c Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences , University of Southeast Norway , Porsgrunn , Norway
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92
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Sleep Pattern of Adolescents in a School in Delhi, India: Impact on their Mood and Academic Performance. Indian J Pediatr 2018; 85:841-848. [PMID: 29546661 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the sleep pattern and observe differences in sleep routines, phase preferences, mood, attendance, and academic performance among different adolescent age students. Secondly, to observe the age at which sleep phase transition and changes in sleep requirement become evident. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 501 students (aged 11-15 y) of a school in Delhi, India. Students were evaluated for their sleep patterns, sleep duration, habits of napping, quality of sleep, sleepiness, depression, phase preferences by self-reported school sleep habits survey questionnaire along with school performance and attendance. RESULTS Significant differences were found in sleep pattern of students aged 11-12 y and 13-15 y. Bedtime shifted to a later time with increasing age but early morning schools kept the wake time same, leading to a decline in total sleep duration of older adolescents. Older adolescents had higher depression but poor attendance and academic performance. Prevalence of sleep deprivation increased with age, from 83.7% to 87.1% in 11-12 y to 90.5% to 92.5% in 13-15 y. CONCLUSIONS The study clearly identifies 12-13 y as age of transition of sleep pattern among adolescents. Though significant differences were found in the academic performance, mood and attendance among preteens and teens but no direct association was seen between academic performances and sleep pattern. A complex multifactorial association between sleep patterns, attendance, mood and academic performance which may change over days, months, or years should be explored further in a longitudinal follow up study.
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93
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Seun-Fadipe CT, Aloba OO, Oginni OA, Mosaku KS. Sleep Hygiene Index: Psychometric Characteristics and Usefulness as a Screening Tool in a Sample of Nigerian Undergraduate Students. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:1285-1292. [PMID: 30092898 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and determine its capacity to screen for poor sleep quality in a nonclinical sample of Nigerian university students. METHODS A total of 348 students appropriately completed the SHI, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). RESULTS The internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) of the SHI was .64 and its construct validity was modestly satisfactory. It had a significant negative correlation with the MEQ (r = -.170, P < .001) and positive correlations with global PSQI (r = .289, P < .001) and ESS (r = .219, P < .001) scores. Prior to the factor analysis, our sample was randomly divided into two. In one half of the sample (sample 1), exploratory factor analysis of the SHI items yielded a three-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis on the other half (sample 2) corroborated this model with satisfactory indices of fitness (c2 = 67.805; df = 55; c2/df = 1.233; P = .115; goodness of fit index = .943; Tucker-Lewis index = .958; incremental fit index = .972; comparative fit index = .970; root mean square error of approximation = .037). A cutoff total score of 16 on the SHI had the best sensitivity (77.0%) and specificity (47.5%) to identify students who were categorized as experiencing poor sleep quality, according to the PSQI (area under the curve = 0.65, 95% confidence interval = 0.59-0.71). CONCLUSIONS The SHI exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties as a self-rated assessment instrument in the evaluation of sleep hygiene and as a screening instrument for poor sleep quality among Nigerian undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Champion T Seun-Fadipe
- Mental Health Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olutayo O Aloba
- Mental Health Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle A Oginni
- Mental Health Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Kolawole S Mosaku
- Mental Health Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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94
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Gustafsson ML, Laaksonen C, Salanterä S, Löyttyniemi E, Aromaa M. Changes in the amount of sleep and daytime sleepiness: A follow-up study of schoolchildren from ages 10 to 15 years. Int J Nurs Pract 2018; 25:e12689. [PMID: 30094898 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examines the amount of sleep and daytime sleepiness, and how these change in a follow-up cohort study of school-aged children. METHODS A total of 1351 schoolchildren (aged 10) and their parents were invited to participate in the study and were studied again at ages 12 and 15 years. A survey put forth by the Health Behaviour of Schoolchildren research network was used. RESULTS The amount of sleep during weekdays dropped significantly from age 10 to 15. At weekends, the amount of sleep increased significantly. During weekdays, the proportion of children reporting having slept enough dropped from 71% at age 10 to 19% at age 15. Frequent daytime sleepiness occurred in 13% of children at age 10 and increased to 24% at the age of 15. CONCLUSIONS It is essential to promote adequate amount of sleep and prevent daytime sleepiness in children growing from age 10 to 15 years. Nurses and other health care professionals should systematically assess and promote healthy sleeping habits while caring for children between these ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Laaksonen
- Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Salanterä
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Minna Aromaa
- Children's and Adolescents' Out-patient Clinic, City of Turku, Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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95
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Which healthy lifestyle factors are associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation among adolescents faced with cyberbullying? Prev Med 2018; 113:32-40. [PMID: 29729287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying is associated with negative mental health outcomes including adolescent suicidal ideation. This requires effective and accessible preventive efforts. Healthy lifestyles are factors adolescents themselves can modify that may lower their risk of suicidal ideation. The aim of this study was to examine associations between physical activity, (outdoor) sport participation, a healthy diet, higher sleep duration and low levels of smoking and alcohol use, and suicidal ideation when faced with cyberbullying. A cross-sectional survey was administered in 2014-2015 to 1037 adolescents (12-18 years, M age = 15; 50% girls) in Flanders, Belgium. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess direct effects of cyberbullying involvement (victim, perpetrator, bystander) on suicidal ideation, and interaction effects between cyberbullying involvement, healthy lifestyles and suicidal ideation. Results showed that cyberbullying victimization, perpetration and bystanding were associated with higher suicidal ideation, but that the association with cyberbullying perpetration disappeared when corrected for other cyberbullying involvement forms. More physical activity, sleeping longer, more often taking a healthy diet and lower levels of smoking were associated with lower suicidal ideation. Some associations of healthy lifestyles with suicidal ideation disappeared at higher levels of cyberbullying involvement. Low alcohol consumption and (outdoor) sport participation were not associated with suicidal ideation, and sport participation was even associated with higher suicidal ideation at low levels of cyberbullying involvement. These findings suggest a novel approach to suicide prevention may be warranted, by strengthening healthy lifestyles as factors that adolescents themselves can modify to increase their resilience and reduce suicidal ideation.
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96
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Raudsepp L. One-year longitudinal study found a bidirectional relationship between physical activity and sleep disturbance in teenage Estonian girls. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1433-1438. [PMID: 29455460 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Studies have shown that physical activity (PA) declines during adolescence, especially among girls. We examined the relationship between changes in PA and sleep disturbance over the school year, including any bidirectional relationship between these two factors. METHODS This longitudinal study focused on teenage girls who had a mean age of 13.2 ± 0.2 years at baseline and were drawn from five randomly selected schools in the city of Tartu, Estonia. Sleep disturbance and PA were subjectively assessed using the self-reported 3-Day Physical Activity Recall and the Insomnia Severity Index, at four intervals throughout the school year. Latent growth curve analyses were used to evaluate longitudinal and bidirectional associations between PA and sleep disturbance. RESULTS Assessments were carried out at three-monthly intervals from September 2015 to June 2016. Sleep disturbance increased and PA decreased over the school year. At baseline, higher PA was related to lower sleep disturbance. Changes in PA corresponded with changes in sleep disturbance. A negative bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbance and PA over time was also found. CONCLUSION These results suggest that increasing PA may be an effective strategy for improving the quality of sleep in girls during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Raudsepp
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
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97
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Batista GDA, Silva TND, Oliveira MRD, Diniz PRB, Lopes SS, Oliveira LMFTD. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERCEPTION OF SLEEP QUALITY AND ASSIMILATION OF CONTENT COVERED IN CLASS. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2018; 36:315-321. [PMID: 29995138 PMCID: PMC6202889 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2018;36;3;00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the association between self-perception of sleep quality and
assimilation of content covered in classes by adolescents. Methods: Epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted with 481 high-school
students (14 to 19 years), both genders, enrolled in public schools in the
city of Caruaru, Pernambuco, and selected by random cluster sampling
strategy. Analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and binary
logistic regression. Results: 44.1% of the adolescents reported learning difficulties during classes,
77.1% slept less than eight hours per day, and 28.9% had a bad perception of
their sleep quality. Young people who studied at least one extra hour per
day out of school had less difficulty in assimilating class content
(OR=0.34; 95%CI 0.19-0.58). We also found that participants who reported a
bad perception of sleep quality were more likely to have learning
difficulties at school (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.13-2.65) regardless of gender, age,
school shift, study time out of school, and sleeping hours. Conclusions: Perception of sleep quality was associated with learning difficulties at
school regardless of the number of sleeping and study hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel de Amorim Batista
- Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida, Caruaru, PE, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Esporte, Caruaru, PE, Brasil
| | - Thaís Nadiane da Silva
- Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida, Caruaru, PE, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Esporte, Caruaru, PE, Brasil
| | - Matheus Rodrigo de Oliveira
- Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida, Caruaru, PE, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Esporte, Caruaru, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório de Oliveira
- Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida, Caruaru, PE, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Saúde e Esporte, Caruaru, PE, Brasil.,Universidade de Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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98
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Akodu AK, Akindutire OM. The effect of stabilization exercise on pain-related disability, sleep disturbance, and psychological status of patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. Korean J Pain 2018; 31:199-205. [PMID: 30013734 PMCID: PMC6037811 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2018.31.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disturbance and depression are becoming more recognized as important symptoms among individuals with chronic low back pain. This study evaluated the effect of stabilization exercise on pain-related disability, sleep disturbance and the psychological status of patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). Methods A total of 26 patients (M/F = 17/9) with NSCLBP with a mean age of 50.0 ± 15.5 took part in this study. Participants were recruited from selected hospitals in Lagos state. Ethical approval was sought and obtained from the health research and ethics committee of Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria. Participants performed stabilization exercise for eight weeks consecutively and were assessed for pain-related disability, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance using the pain-disability index, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the insomnia severity index at baseline, the 4th week, and the 8th week, post-intervention. Results The participants studied recorded significant reduction in pain-related disability (P = 0.001). There was also improvement in the sleep quality (P = 0.001), depression level (P = 0.001), and anxiety level (P = 0.001), post intervention. Conclusions This study revealed that stabilization exercise is very useful in the management of sleep disturbance, pain-related disability, depression, and anxiety in NSCLBP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiyat Kehinde Akodu
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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99
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Chan CS, Poon CY, Leung JC, Lau KN, Lau EY. Delayed school start time is associated with better sleep, daytime functioning, and life satisfaction in residential high-school students. J Adolesc 2018; 66:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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100
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Prehn-Kristensen A, Böhmig A, Schult J, Pedersen A, Wiesner CD, Baving L. Does Sleep Help Prevent Forgetting Rewarded Memory Representations in Children and Adults? Front Psychol 2018; 9:924. [PMID: 29937745 PMCID: PMC6002505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep fosters the consolidation of rewarded memory representations in adults. However, sleep and its memory-supporting functions change through healthy development, and it is unclear whether sleep benefits the consolidation of rewarded memory representations in children as it does in adults. Based on previous findings, we expected sleep to benefit the consolidation of rewarded memory representations in children more than it does in adults. For that reason, 16 children (7–11 years) and 20 adults (21–29 years) participated in this experiment. During the encoding session, participants were asked to learn the location of 18 object pairs. Thereafter, one-half of the object locations were allocated to a high-rewarded condition and the other half to a low-rewarded condition. In the sleep condition, the encoding session took place in the evening (for children 7–8 pm, for adults 8–9 pm). After a fixed retention interval of 12 h the retrieval session was conducted the next morning (for children 7–8 am, for adults 8–9 am). In the wake condition, the time schedule was the same but reversed: the encoding session started in the morning (for children 7–8 am, for adults 8–9 am), and retrieval took place in the evening (for children 7–8 pm, for adults 8–9 pm). Sleep/wake had no impact on the memory performance regarding the low-rewarded memory items. In contrast, wakefulness in comparison to sleep reduced the memory performance on high-rewarded memory items. The interaction between sleep/wake and the degree of reward on memory performance was only significant in children. These results show that 12 h of wakefulness can deteriorate the memory performance for high-rewarded representations, whereas sleep can prevent the forgetting of these rewarded representations. It is discussed whether ontogenetic changes in sleep may play a role in conserving relevant but fragile memory representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Prehn-Kristensen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annie Böhmig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juliane Schult
- Department of Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anya Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian D Wiesner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lioba Baving
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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