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Grishchenko MV, Makhaeva GF, Burgart YV, Rudakova EV, Boltneva NP, Kovaleva NV, Serebryakova OG, Lushchekina SV, Astakhova TY, Zhilina EF, Shchegolkov EV, Richardson RJ, Saloutin VI. Conjugates of Tacrine with Salicylamide as Promising Multitarget Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200080. [PMID: 35322571 PMCID: PMC9314152 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
New conjugates of tacrine and salicylamide with alkylene spacers were synthesized and evaluated as potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The compounds exhibited high acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50 to 0.224 μM) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50 to 0.0104 μM) inhibitory activities. They were also rather poor inhibitors of carboxylesterase, suggesting a low tendency to exert potential unwanted drug-drug interactions in clinical use. The conjugates were mixed-type reversible inhibitors of both cholinesterases and demonstrated dual binding to the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites of AChE in molecular docking that, along with experimental results on propidium iodide displacement, suggest their potential to block AChE-induced β-amyloid aggregation. The new conjugates exhibited high ABTS.+ -scavenging activity. N-(6-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroacridin-9-ylamino)hexyl)salicylamide is a lead compound that also demonstrates metal chelating ability toward Cu2+ , Fe2+ and Zn2+ . Thus, the new conjugates have displayed the potential to be multifunctional anti-AD agents for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Grishchenko
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Yanina V Burgart
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Olga G Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Astakhova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina F Zhilina
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Shchegolkov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Rudy J Richardson
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Neurology, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victor I Saloutin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Kamli MR, Sharaf AAM, Sabir JSM, Rather IA. Phytochemical Screening of Rosmarinus officinalis L. as a Potential Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant-Medicinal Plant for Cognitive Decline Disorders. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040514. [PMID: 35214846 PMCID: PMC8877369 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by cholinergic agents has been promoted as a potent strategy for treating and managing cognitive decline disorders. A wide range of natural products has long been used as potential sources or formulations of cholinergic inhibitors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate different Rosmarinus officinalis L. (R. officinalis) extracts for their AChE inhibitory activity using galanthamine as a standard AChE inhibitor. In this study, the ethyl-acetate extract (at a concentration of 250 µg/mL) exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect against AChE with significant inhibition of 75%, comparable to the inhibitor galanthamine with an inhibition of 88%. Kinetic analysis revealed that the extracts could induce a mixed type of inhibition, as observed in the case of galanthamine, with the highest increased Km and decreased Vmax values in the ethyl acetate extract. The antioxidant potential of the three extracts tested was found to be in the order of ethyl-acetate > ethanol > aqueous, with IC50 values of 272 µg/mL, 387 µg/mL, and 534 µg/mL, respectively. Ethyl-acetate was found to have the highest total phenolic content in all extracts. Further, in silico study showed structural binding characterization of rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid with human AChE enzyme. Rosmarinic acid showed strong binding and formed two hydrogen-bonding interactions with Ser-293 and Arg-296. In light of this, the ethyl-acetate extract of the plant may provide some novel potential pharmacological leads for treating and managing cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of N-isobutyl-N-((2-(p-tolyloxymethyl)thiazol-4yl)methyl)benzo[d][1,3] dioxole-5-carboxamides as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 61:128602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leuci R, Brunetti L, Laghezza A, Piemontese L, Carrieri A, Pisani L, Tortorella P, Catto M, Loiodice F. A New Series of Aryloxyacetic Acids Endowed with Multi-Target Activity towards Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs), Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH), and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030958. [PMID: 35164223 PMCID: PMC8839882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of aryloxyacetic acids was prepared and tested as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) agonists and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors. Some compounds exhibited an interesting dual activity that has been recently proposed as a new potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a multifactorial pathology, hence multi-target agents are currently one of the main lines of research for the therapy and prevention of this disease. Given that cholinesterases represent one of the most common targets of recent research, we decided to also evaluate the effects of our compounds on the inhibition of these specific enzymes. Interestingly, two of these compounds, (S)-5 and 6, showed moderate activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and even some activity, although at high concentration, against Aβ peptide aggregation, thus demonstrating, in agreement with the preliminary dockings carried out on the different targets, the feasibility of a simultaneous multi-target activity towards PPARs, FAAH, and AChE. As far as we know, these are the first examples of molecules endowed with this pharmacological profile that might represent a promising line of research for the identification of novel candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Wu J, Kou X, Ju H, Zhang H, Yang A, Shen R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of naringenin carbamate derivatives as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128316. [PMID: 34391893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of naringenin derivatives were designed and synthesized as multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) agents. The results showed that these derivatives displayed moderate-to-good acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activities at the micromolar range (IC50, 12.91 ~ 62.52 μM for AChE and 0.094 ~ 13.72 μM for BuChE). Specifically, compound 1 showed the highest inhibitory activity against BuChE with the IC50 value of (0.094 ± 0.0054) μM. A Lineweaver-Burk plot and molecular docking studies demonstrated that 1 targeted both the catalytically active site (CAS) and the peripheral anion site (PAS) of BuChE. Besides, all derivatives showed excellent hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) scavenging ability than vitamin C and cyclic voltammetry results displayed that 1 could effectively scavenge superoxide anion radical (·O2-). In addition, compound 1 displayed good metal chelating properties and had anti-Aβ aggregation activities. Therefore, compound 1 might be the potential anti-AD agent for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Kou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Hui Ju
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Aihong Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Rui Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Remya C, Dileep KV, Koti Reddy E, Mantosh K, Lakshmi K, Sarah Jacob R, Sajith AM, Jayadevi Variyar E, Anwar S, Zhang KYJ, Sadasivan C, Omkumar RV. Neuroprotective derivatives of tacrine that target NMDA receptor and acetyl cholinesterase - Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4517-4537. [PMID: 34471497 PMCID: PMC8379669 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and multifactorial nature of neuropsychiatric diseases demands multi-target drugs that can intervene with various sub-pathologies underlying disease progression. Targeting the impairments in cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions with small molecules has been suggested as one of the potential disease-modifying approaches for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tacrine, a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the first FDA approved drug for the treatment of AD. Tacrine is also a low affinity antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). However, tacrine was withdrawn from its clinical use later due to its hepatotoxicity. With an aim to develop novel high affinity multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) against AChE and NMDAR, with reduced hepatotoxicity, we performed in silico structure-based modifications on tacrine, chemical synthesis of the derivatives and in vitro validation of their activities. Nineteen such derivatives showed inhibition with IC50 values in the range of 18.53 ± 2.09 – 184.09 ± 19.23 nM against AChE and 0.27 ± 0.05 – 38.84 ± 9.64 μM against NMDAR. Some of the selected compounds also protected rat primary cortical neurons from glutamate induced excitotoxicity. Two of the tacrine derived MTDLs, 201 and 208 exhibited in vivo efficacy in rats by protecting against behavioral impairment induced by administration of the excitotoxic agent, monosodium glutamate. Additionally, several of these synthesized compounds also exhibited promising inhibitory activitiy against butyrylcholinesterase. MTDL-201 was also devoid of hepatotoxicity in vivo. Given the therapeutic potential of MTDLs in disease-modifying therapy, our studies revealed several promising MTDLs among which 201 appears to be a potential candidate for immediate preclinical evaluations.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase
- AChEIs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- AChT, acetylthiocholine
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ADME, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Alzheimer’s disease
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- Ca2+, calcium
- ChE, Cholinesterases
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DTNB, 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
- ENM, elastic network modeling
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- IP, intraperitoneal
- LBD, Ligand binding domain
- LC-MS, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LiCABEDS, Ligand Classifier of Adaptively Boosting Ensemble Decision Stumps
- MAP2, microtubule associated protein 2
- MD, Molecular dynamics
- MTDLs
- MTDLs, multi-target directed ligands
- MWM, Morris water maze
- NBM, neurobasal medium
- NMA, normal mode analysis
- NMDA receptor
- NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
- Neuroprotection
- OPLS, Optimized potential for liquid simulations
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- Polypharmacology
- RMSD, root mean square deviation
- SAR, structure-activity relationships
- SD, standard deviation
- SVM, support vector machine
- Structure-based drug design
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
- TMD, transmembrane domain
- Tacrine
- h-NMDAR, human NMDAR
- hAChE, human AChE
- ppm, parts per million
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Remya
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala 670661, India
| | - K V Dileep
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory for Computational and Structural Biology, Jubilee Center for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala 680005, India
| | - Eeda Koti Reddy
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Sciences, Technology and Research -VFSTR (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522 213, India
| | - Kumar Mantosh
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Kesavan Lakshmi
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Reena Sarah Jacob
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Ayyiliyath M Sajith
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Kasargod Govt. College, Kannur University, Kasaragod, India
| | - E Jayadevi Variyar
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala 670661, India
| | - Shaik Anwar
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Sciences, Technology and Research -VFSTR (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522 213, India
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - C Sadasivan
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala 670661, India
| | - R V Omkumar
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
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Synthesis of new Hantzsch adducts showing Ca 2+ channel blockade capacity, cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant power. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1717-1729. [PMID: 34402661 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative chronic disease with a heavy social and economic impact in our developed societies, which still lacks an efficient therapy. Method: This paper describes the Hantzsch multicomponent synthesis of twelve alkyl hexahydro-quinoline-3-carboxylates, 4a-l, along with the evaluation of their Ca2+ channel blockade capacity, cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant power. Results: Compound 4l showed submicromolar inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase, Ca2+ channel antagonism and an antioxidant effect. Conclusion: Compound 4l is an interesting compound that deserves further investigation for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
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Singh R, Kaur N, Dhingra N, Kaur T. Protein misfolding, ER Stress and Chaperones: An approach to develop chaperone-based therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Neurosci 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34402740 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1968859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiology that eventually leads to dementia. The main culprit of AD is the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. The protein conformational change and protein misfolding are the key events of AD pathophysiology, therefore endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an apparent consequence. ER, stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) mediators (viz. PERK, IRE1, and ATF6) have been reported widely in the AD brain. Considering these factors, preventing proteins misfolding or aggregation of tau or amyloidogenic proteins appears to be the best approach to halt its pathogenesis. Therefore, therapies through chemical and pharmacological chaperones came to light as an alternative for the treatment of AD. Diverse studies have demonstrated 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) as a potential therapeutic agent in AD. The current review outlined the mechanism of protein misfolding, different etiological features behind the progression of AD, the significance of ER stress in AD, and the potential therapeutic role of different chaperones to counter AD. The study also highlights the gaps in current knowledge of the chaperones-based therapeutic approach and the possibility of developing chaperones as a potential therapeutic agent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimaljot Singh
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanzeer Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
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Reddy MVK, Rao KY, Anusha G, Kumar GM, Damu AG, Reddy KR, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM, Reddy PVG. In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of novel pyridine, quinoxaline and s-triazine derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111320. [PMID: 33991570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterase enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) cause hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter responsible for the cognitive functions of the brain such as acquiring knowledge and comprehension. Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes is an effective process to curb the progressive and fatal neurological Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we explored the potential inhibitory activities of various pyridine, quinoxaline, and triazine derivatives (3a-k, 6a-j and 11a-h) against AChE and BuChE enzymes by following the modified Ellman's method. Further, anti-oxidant property of these libraries was monitored using DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate) radical scavenging analysis. From the studies, we identified that compounds 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f behaved as selective AChE inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 7.23 to 10.35 μM. Further studies revealed good anti-oxidant activity by these compounds with IC50 values in the range of 14.80-27.22 μM. The kinetic studies of the active analogues demonstrated mixed-type of inhibition due to their interaction with both the catalytic active sites (CAS) and peripheral anionic sites (PAS) of the AChE. Additionally, molecular simulation in association with fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses explained strong affinities of inhibitors to bind with AChE enzyme at the physiological pH of 7.2. Binding constant values of 5.4 × 104, 4.3 × 104, 3.2 × 104 and 4.9 × 104 M-1 corresponding to free energy changes -5.593, -6.799, -6.605 and -8.104 KcalM-1 were obtained at 25 °C from fluorescence emission spectroscopic studies of 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f, respectively. Besides, CD spectroscopy deliberately explained the secondary structure of AChE partly unfolded upon binding with these dynamic molecules. Excellent in vitro profiles of distinct quinoxaline and triazine compounds highlighted them as the potential leads compared to pyridine derivatives, suggesting a path towards developing preventive or therapeutic targets to treat the Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V K Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Y Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Anusha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G M Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A G Damu
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Ritacca AG, Ritacco I, Dabbish E, Russo N, Mazzone G, Sicilia E. A Boron-Containing Compound Acting on Multiple Targets Against Alzheimer's Disease. Insights from Ab Initio and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3397-3410. [PMID: 34253017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Given the multifactorial nature and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, therapeutic strategies are addressed to combine the benefits of every single-target drug into a sole molecule. Quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics (MD) methods were employed here to investigate the multitarget action of a boron-containing compound against Alzheimer's disease. The antioxidant activity as a radical scavenger and metal chelator was explored by means of density functional theory. The most plausible radical scavenger mechanisms, which are hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and single-electron transfer in aqueous and lipid environments, were fully examined. Metal chelation ability was investigated by considering the complexation of Cu(II) ion, one of the metals that in excess can even catalyze the β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. The most probable complexes in the physiological environment were identified by considering both the stabilization energy and the shift of the λmax induced by the complexation. The excellent capability to counteract Aβ aggregation was explored by performing MD simulations on protein-ligand adducts, and the activity was compared with that of curcumin, chosen as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra G Ritacca
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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Jani V, Sonavane U, Joshi R. Destabilization potential of beta sheet breaker peptides on Abeta fibril structure: an insight from molecular dynamics simulation study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23557-23573. [PMID: 35479797 PMCID: PMC9036544 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-β aggregation. Currently, all the approved medications are to treat the symptoms but there is no clinically approved treatment for the cure or to prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Earlier reports suggest the use of small molecules and peptides to target and destabilize the amyloid fibril. The use of Beta Sheet Breaker (BSB) peptides seems to be a promising and attractive therapeutic approach as it can strongly bind and destabilize the preformed amyloid fibril. There are experimental studies describing the destabilization role of various BSB peptides, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. In the current work, an attempt is made to study the destabilization mechanism of different BSB peptides on preformed amyloid protofibril using molecular docking and simulations. Molecular docking of eight different BSB peptides of varying length (5-mer to 10-mer) on the Abeta protofibril was done. Docking was followed by multiple sets of molecular simulations for the Abeta protofibril–BSB peptide complex for each of the top ranked poses of the eight BSB peptides. As a control, multiple sets of simulations for the Abeta protofibril (APO) were also carried out. An increase in the RMSD, decrease in the number of interchain hydrogen bonds, destabilization of important salt bridge interactions (D23–K28), and destabilization of interchain hydrophobic interactions suggested the destabilization of Abeta protofibril by BSB peptides. The MM-GBSA free energy of binding for each of the BSB peptides was calculated to measure the binding affinity of BSB peptides to Abeta protofibril. Further residue wise contribution of free energy of binding was also calculated. The study showed that 7-mer peptides tend to bind strongly to Abeta protofibril as compared to other BSB peptides. The KKLVFFA peptide showed better destabilization potential as compared to the other BSB peptides. The details about the destabilization mechanism of BSB peptides will help in the design of other peptides for the therapeutic intervention for AD. Destabilzation of Abeta protofibril by Beta Sheet Breaker (BSB) peptides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Jani
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) Panchavati, Pashan Pune India
| | - Uddhavesh Sonavane
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) Panchavati, Pashan Pune India
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) Panchavati, Pashan Pune India
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Zhang C, Lv Y, Bai R, Xie Y. Structural exploration of multifunctional monoamine oxidase B inhibitors as potential drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105070. [PMID: 34126574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AD is one of the most typical neurodegenerative disorders that suffer many seniors worldwide. Recently, MAO inhibitors have received increasing attention not only for their roles involved in monoamine neurotransmitters metabolism and oxidative stress but also for their additional neuroprotective and neurorescue effects against AD. The curiosity in MAO inhibitors is reviving, and novel MAO-B inhibitors recently developed with ancillary activities (e.g., Aβ aggregation and AChE inhibition, anti-ROS and chelating activities) have been proposed as multitarget drugs foreshadowing a positive outlook for the treatment of AD. The current review describes the recent development of the design, synthesis, and screening of multifunctional ligands based on MAO-B inhibition for AD therapy. Structure-activity relationships and rational design strategies of the synthetic or natural product derivatives (chalcones, coumarins, chromones, and homoisoflavonoids) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Lopes FB, Aranha CMSQ, Fernandes JPS. Histamine H 3 receptor and cholinesterases as synergistic targets for cognitive decline: Strategies to the rational design of multitarget ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:212-225. [PMID: 33991182 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of histamine and acetylcholine in cognitive functions suggests that compounds able to increase both histaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmissions in the brain should be considered as promising therapeutic options. For this purpose, dual inhibitors of histamine H3 receptors (H3 R) and cholinesterases (ChEs) have been designed and assessed. In this context, this paper reviews the strategies used to obtain dual H3 R/ChEs ligands using multitarget design approaches. Hybrid compounds designed by linking tacrine or flavonoid motifs to H3 R antagonists were obtained with high affinity for both targets, and compounds designed by merging the H3 R antagonist pharmacophore with known anticholinesterase molecules were also reported. These reports strongly suggest that key modifications in the lipophilic region (including a second basic group) seem to be a strategy to reach novel compounds, allied with longer linker groups to a basic region. Some compounds have already demonstrated efficacy in memory models, although the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile should be considered when designing further compounds. In conclusion, the key features to be considered when designing novel H3 R/ChEs inhibitors with improved pharmacological profile were herein summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia B Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecília M S Q Aranha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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In Vitro Enzymatic and Kinetic Studies, and In Silico Drug-Receptor Interactions, and Drug-Like Profiling of the 5-Styrylbenzamide Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase and β-Secretase Inhibitors with Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050647. [PMID: 33922328 PMCID: PMC8145986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-(styryl)anthranilamides were transformed into the corresponding 5-styryl-2-(p-tolylsulfonamido)benzamide derivatives. These 5-styrylbenzamide derivatives were evaluated through enzymatic assays in vitro for their capability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase (BACE-1) activities as well as for antioxidant potential. An in vitro cell-based antioxidant activity assay involving lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production revealed that compounds 2a and 3b have the capability of scavenging free radicals. The potential of the most active compound, 5-styrylbenzamide (2a), to bind copper (II) or zinc (II) ions has also been evaluated spectrophotometrically. Kinetic studies of the most active derivatives from each series against the AChE, BChE, and β-secretase activities have been performed. The experimental results are complemented with molecular docking studies into the active sites of these enzymes to predict the hypothetical protein–ligand binding modes. Their drug likeness properties have also been predicted.
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Ismaili L, Monnin J, Etievant A, Arribas RL, Viejo L, Refouvelet B, Soukup O, Janockova J, Hepnarova V, Korabecny J, Kucera T, Jun D, Andrys R, Musilek K, Baguet A, García-Frutos EM, De Simone A, Andrisano V, Bartolini M, de los Ríos C, Marco-Contelles J, Haffen E. (±)- BIGI-3h: Pentatarget-Directed Ligand combining Cholinesterase, Monoamine Oxidase, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibition with Calcium Channel Antagonism and Antiaggregating Properties for Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1328-1342. [PMID: 33797877 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) are considered a promising therapeutic strategy to address the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Novel MTDLs have been designed as inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterases/butyrylcholinesterases, monoamine oxidase A/B, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β and as calcium channel antagonists via the Biginelli multicomponent reaction. Among these MTDLs, (±)-BIGI-3h was identified as a promising new hit compound showing in vitro balanced activities toward the aforementioned recognized AD targets. Additional in vitro studies demonstrated antioxidant effects and brain penetration, along with the ability to inhibit the aggregation of both τ protein and β-amyloid peptide. The in vivo studies have shown that (±)-BIGI-3h (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) significantly reduces scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lhassane Ismaili
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Julie Monnin
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Adeline Etievant
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Raquel L. Arribas
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teofilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Viejo
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teofilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Refouvelet
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, University of Defence, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, University of Defence, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, University of Defence, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aurelie Baguet
- Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, INSERM, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Eva M. García-Frutos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso di Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso di Augusto, 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teofilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Meng X, Fu M, Wang S, Chen W, Wang J, Zhang N. Naringin ameliorates memory deficits and exerts neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:332. [PMID: 33760152 PMCID: PMC7974313 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of naringin on the memory impairment of hydrocortisone mice, and to elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, a hydrocortisone model was constructed. Novel object recognition, Morris water maze and step‑down tests were performed in order to assess the learning and memory abilities of mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ERα and ERβ. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of each protein in the relevant system. It was found that naringin can significantly improve cognitive, learning and memory dysfunction in mice with hydrocortisone memory impairment. In addition, naringin can exert neuroprotective effects through a variety of mechanisms, including amyloid β metabolism, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, acetylcholinergic system, glutamate receptor system, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Naringin can also affect the expression of phosphorylated‑P38/P38, indicating that the neuroprotective effect of naringin may also involve the MAPK/P38 pathway. The results of the present study concluded that naringin can effectively improve the cognitive abilities of mice with memory impairment and exert neuroprotective effects. Thus, naringin may be a promising target drug candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Meng
- Nanchong Central Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Fu
- Foreign Language Department, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- Affiliated First Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Weida Chen
- Affiliated First Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Jiamusi College, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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Chavarria D, Da Silva O, Benfeito S, Barreiro S, Garrido J, Cagide F, Soares P, Remião F, Brazzolotto X, Nachon F, Oliveira PJ, Dias J, Borges F. Fine-Tuning the Biological Profile of Multitarget Mitochondriotropic Antioxidants for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020329. [PMID: 33672269 PMCID: PMC7926627 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the multiple pathological events that lead to neurodegeneration. Following our previous studies related with the development of multitarget mitochondriotropic antioxidants, this study aims to evaluate whether the π-system extension on the chemical scaffolds of AntiOXCIN2 and AntiOXCIN3 affects their bioactivity and safety profiles. After the synthesis of four triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) conjugates (compounds 2–5), we evaluated their antioxidant properties and their effect on neurotransmitter-metabolizing enzymes. All compounds were potent equine butyrylcholinesterase (eqBChE) and moderate electric eel acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE) inhibitors, with catechols 4 and 5 presenting lower IC50 values than AntiOXCIN2 and AntiOXCIN3, respectively. However, differences in the inhibition potency and selectivity of compounds 2–5 towards non-human and human cholinesterases (ChEs) were observed. Co-crystallization studies with compounds 2–5 in complex with human ChEs (hChEs) showed that these compounds exhibit different binging modes to hAChE and hBChE. Unlike AntiOXCINs, compounds 2–5 displayed moderate human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) inhibitory activity. Moreover, compounds 4 and 5 presented higher ORAC-FL indexes and lower oxidation potential values than the corresponding AntiOXCINs. Catechols 4 and 5 exhibited broader safety windows in differentiated neuroblastoma cells than benzodioxole derivatives 2 and 3. Compound 4 is highlighted as a safe mitochondria-targeted antioxidant with dual ChE/MAO inhibitory activity. Overall, this work is a contribution for the development of dual therapeutic agents addressing both mitochondrial oxidative stress and neurotransmitter depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.B.); (J.G.); (F.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Ophelie Da Silva
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (O.D.S.); (X.B.); (F.N.); (J.D.)
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.B.); (J.G.); (F.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Sandra Barreiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.B.); (F.R.)
| | - Jorge Garrido
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.B.); (J.G.); (F.C.); (P.S.)
- CIQUP/Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.B.); (J.G.); (F.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Pedro Soares
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.B.); (J.G.); (F.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.B.); (F.R.)
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (O.D.S.); (X.B.); (F.N.); (J.D.)
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (O.D.S.); (X.B.); (F.N.); (J.D.)
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal;
| | - José Dias
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (O.D.S.); (X.B.); (F.N.); (J.D.)
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.B.); (J.G.); (F.C.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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A review on α-mangostin as a potential multi-target-directed ligand for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173950. [PMID: 33607107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss, declining language skills and other cognitive disorders. AD has brought great mental and economic burden to patients, families and society. However due to the complexity of AD's pathology, drugs developed for the treatment of AD often fail in clinical or experimental trials. The main problems of current anti-AD drugs are low efficacy due to mono-target method or side effects, especially high hepatotoxicity. To tackle these two main problems, multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) based on "one molecule, multiple targets" has been studied. MTDLs can regulate multiple biological targets at the same time, so it has shown higher efficacy, better safety. As a natural active small molecule, α-mangostin (α-M) has shown potential multi-factor anti-AD activities in a series of studies, furthermore it also has a certain hepatoprotective effect. The good availability of α-M also provides support for its application in clinical research. In this work, multiple activities of α-M related to AD therapy were reviewed, which included anti-cholinesterase, anti-amyloid-cascade, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, low toxicity, hepatoprotective effects and drug formulation. It shows that α-M is a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Singh YP, Rai H, Singh G, Singh GK, Mishra S, Kumar S, Srikrishna S, Modi G. A review on ferulic acid and analogs based scaffolds for the management of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113278. [PMID: 33662757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe central cholinergic neuronal loss, gradually contributing to cognitive dysfunction and impaired motor activity, resulting in the brain's cell death at the later stages of AD. Although the etiology of AD is not well understood, however, several factors such as oxidative stress, deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides to form Aβ plaques, intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and low level of acetylcholine are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. There is practically no drug for AD treatment that can address the basic factors responsible for the neurodegeneration and slow down the disease progression. The currently available therapies for AD in the market focus on providing only symptomatic relief without addressing the aforesaid basic factors responsible for the neurodegeneration. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenol derivative from natural sources and serves as a potential pharmacophore that exerts multiple pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, neuroprotection, Aβ aggregation modulation, and anti-inflammatory. Several FA based hybrid analogs are under investigation as a multi-target directed ligand (MTDLs) to develop novel hybrid compounds for the treatment of AD. In the present review article, we are focused on the critical pathogenic factors responsible for the onset of AD followed by the developments of FA pharmacophore-based hybrids compounds as a novel multifunctional therapeutic agent to address the limitations associated with available treatment for AD. The rationale behind the development of these compounds and their pharmacological activities in particular to their ChE inhibition (ChEI), neuroprotection, antioxidant property, Aβ aggregation modulation, and metal chelation ability, are discussed in detail. We have also discussed the discovery of caffeic and cinnamic acids based MTDLs for AD. This review paper provides an in-depth insight into the research progress and current status of these novel therapeutics in AD and prospects for developing a druggable molecule with desired pharmacological affinity and reduced toxicity for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Himanshu Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gourav Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Science, Central University of South Bihar Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Sunil Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Beato A, Gori A, Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M, Haudecoeur R. β-Carboline as a Privileged Scaffold for Multitarget Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33528252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural β-carboline alkaloids display similarities with neurotransmitters that can be favorably exploited to design bioactive and bioavailable drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. Several AD targets are currently and intensively being investigated, divided in different hypotheses: mainly the cholinergic, the amyloid β (Aβ), and the Tau hypotheses. To date, only symptomatic treatments are available involving acetylcholinesterase and NMDA inhibitors. On the basis of plethoric single-target structure-activity relationship studies, the β-carboline scaffold was identified as a powerful tool for fostering activity and molecular interactions with a wide range of AD-related targets. This knowledge can undoubtedly be used to design multitarget-directed ligands, a highly relevant strategy preferred in the context of multifactorial pathology with intricate etiology such as AD. In this review, we first individually discuss the AD targets of the β-carbolines, and then we focus on the multitarget strategies dedicated to the deliberate design of new efficient scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthonin Gori
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France.,CHANEL Parfums Beauté, F-93500 Pantin, France
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Lye S, Aust CE, Griffiths LR, Fernandez F. Exploring new avenues for modifying course of progression of Alzheimer's disease: The rise of natural medicine. J Neurol Sci 2021; 422:117332. [PMID: 33607542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
With a constantly growing elderly population worldwide, a focus on developing efficient prevention and therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) seems timely and topical. Emphasis on natural medicine is increasingly popular in the search for drug candidates that are capable of preventing and treating AD related pathology, particularly where suppression of amyloid accumulation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are equally significant. A number of phytochemical compounds have been shown to collectively reduce these AD hallmarks with the progression of natural drug candidates into human clinical trials. This review focuses on current research surrounding the therapies emerging within natural medicines and their related therapeutic potential for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lye
- School of Health and Behavioural Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1100 Nudgee Road, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Caitlin E Aust
- School of Health and Behavioural Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1100 Nudgee Road, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- School of Health and Behavioural Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1100 Nudgee Road, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
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Remya C, Dileep KV, Variyar EJ, Zhang KYJ, Omkumar RV, Sadasivan C. Chemical similarity assisted search for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Molecular modeling and evaluation of their neuroprotective properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:466-476. [PMID: 33497692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an obstinate and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mainly characterized by cognitive decline. Increasing number of AD patients and the lack of promising treatment strategies demands novel therapeutic agents to combat various disease pathologies in AD. Recent progresses in understanding molecular mechanisms in AD helped researchers to streamline the various therapeutic approaches. Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has emerged as one of the potential treatment strategies. The present study discusses the identification of two potent AChE inhibitors (ZINC11709541 and ZINC11996936) from ZINC database through conventional in silico approaches and their in vitro validations. These inhibitors have strong preferences towards AChE than butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and didn't evoke any significant reduction in the cell viability of HEK-293 cells and primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, promising neuroprotective properties has also been displayed against glutamate induced excitotoxicity in primary cortical neurons. The present study proposes two potential drug lead compounds for the treatment of AD, that can be used for further studies and preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Remya
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala 670661, India
| | - K V Dileep
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - E Jayadevi Variyar
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala 670661, India
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - R V Omkumar
- Molecular Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P. O., Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
| | - C Sadasivan
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Thalassery, Kerala 670661, India.
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74
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Structure- and ligand- based studies to gain insight into the pharmacological implications of histamine H3 receptor. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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75
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Jahan I, Nayeem SM. Destabilization of Alzheimer's Aβ 42 protofibrils with acyclovir, carmustine, curcumin, and tetracycline: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the neurodegenerative diseases, one of the most common dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Shahid M. Nayeem
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
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76
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Chowdhury S, Kumar S. Inhibition of BACE1, MAO-B, cholinesterase enzymes, and anti-amyloidogenic potential of selected natural phytoconstituents: Multi-target-directed ligand approach. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13571. [PMID: 33249607 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and multiple factors are involved in disease progression. This is why there is an urgent need to develop novel molecules with multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) potential. The current study explores the active phytoconstituents from traditionally used medicinal spices, namely piperine, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cuminaldehyde, and alpha-terpinyl acetate for the inhibition of β-secretase, monoamine oxidase, cholinesterase enzymes, anti-aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils, and their protective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and Aβ-induced toxicity. Eugenol showed inhibitory activity against MAO-B enzyme, free radical scavenging activity, and anti-aggregation activity against Aβ peptides than other phytoconstituents. It also demonstrated a significant cytoprotective effect against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in pheochromocytoma (PC) 12 cells. A molecular docking study of eugenol showed interactions with active site residue of the target enzymes. The study successfully demonstrated that eugenol could have an MTDLs potential better than synthesized drugs used in the treatment of AD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present study demonstrated multi-target-directed ligand potential of eugenol and can be developed to treat complex diseases like Alzheimer's. Eugenol can bind to different Alzheimer's targets such as β-secretase (BACE1), Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), Cholinesterase's, and amyloid β1-42 fibrils and might have a disease-modifying potential. The other natural phytoconstituents such as piperine, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde, and alpha-terpinyl acetate also demonstrated MTDL potential could also be used for developing novel molecules for disease-modifying effect. It also protects against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chowdhury
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
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77
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Adeowo FY, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Design and Development of Cholinesterase Dual Inhibitors towards Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: A Focus on Recent Contributions from Computational and Theoretical Perspective. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y. Adeowo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
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78
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Yang T, Sui X, Yu B, Shen Y, Cong H. Recent Advances in the Rational Drug Design Based on Multi-target Ligands. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4720-4740. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200102120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multi-target drugs have gained considerable attention in the last decade owing to their
advantages in the treatment of complex diseases and health conditions linked to drug resistance.
Single-target drugs, although highly selective, may not necessarily have better efficacy or fewer
side effects. Therefore, more attention is being paid to developing drugs that work on multiple
targets at the same time, but developing such drugs is a huge challenge for medicinal chemists.
Each target must have sufficient activity and have sufficiently characterized pharmacokinetic parameters.
Multi-target drugs, which have long been known and effectively used in clinical practice,
are briefly discussed in the present article. In addition, in this review, we will discuss the
possible applications of multi-target ligands to guide the repositioning of prospective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Caobi A, Dutta RK, Garbinski LD, Esteban-Lopez M, Ceyhan Y, Andre M, Manevski M, Ojha CR, Lapierre J, Tiwari S, Parira T, El-Hage N. The Impact of CRISPR-Cas9 on Age-related Disorders: From Pathology to Therapy. Aging Dis 2020; 11:895-915. [PMID: 32765953 PMCID: PMC7390517 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With advances in medical technology, the number of people over the age of 60 is on the rise, and thus, increasing the prevalence of age-related pathologies within the aging population. Neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, metabolic and inflammatory diseases are some of the most prevalent age-related pathologies affecting the growing population. It is imperative that a new treatment to combat these pathologies be developed. Although, still in its infancy, the CRISPR-Cas9 system has become a potent gene-editing tool capable of correcting gene-mediated age-related pathology, and therefore ameliorating or eliminating disease symptoms. Deleting target genes using the CRISPR-Cas9 system or correcting for gene mutations may ameliorate many different neurodegenerative disorders detected in the aging population. Cancer cells targeted by the CRISPR-Cas9 system may result in an increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutics, lower proliferation, and higher cancer cell death. Finally, reducing gene targeting inflammatory molecules production through microRNA knockout holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for both arthritis and inflammation. Here we present a review based on how the expanding world of genome editing can be applied to disorders and diseases affecting the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Caobi
- 1Departments of Immunology and Nano-medicine
| | | | - Luis D Garbinski
- 3Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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80
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Heo HJ, Park SY, Lee YS, Shin HK, Hong KW, Kim CD. Combination therapy with cilostazol, aripiprazole, and donepezil protects neuronal cells from β-amyloid neurotoxicity through synergistically enhanced SIRT1 expression. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:299-310. [PMID: 32587124 PMCID: PMC7317180 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-faceted neurodegenerative disease. Thus, current therapeutic strategies require multitarget-drug combinations to treat or prevent the disease. At the present time, single drugs have proven to be inadequate in terms of addressing the multifactorial pathology of AD, and multitarget-directed drug design has not been successful. Based on these points of views, it is judged that combinatorial drug therapies that target several pathogenic factors may offer more attractive therapeutic options. Thus, we explored that the combination therapy with lower doses of cilostazol and aripiprazole with add-on donepezil (CAD) might have potential in the pathogenesis of AD. In the present study, we found the superior efficacies of donepezil add-on with combinatorial mixture of cilostazol plus aripiprazole in modulation of expression of AD-relevant genes: Aβ accumulation, GSK-3β, P300, acetylated tau, phosphorylated-tau levels, and activation of α-secretase/ADAM 10 through SIRT1 activation in the N2a Swe cells expressing human APP Swedish mutation (N2a Swe cells). We also assessed that CAD synergistically raised acetylcholine release and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) expression that were declined by increased β-amyloid level in the activated N2a Swe cells. Consequently, CAD treatment synergistically increased neurite elongation and improved cell viability through activations of PI3K, BDNF, β-catenin and a7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors in neuronal cells in the presence of Aβ1-42. This work endorses the possibility for efficient treatment of AD by supporting the synergistic therapeutic potential of donepezil add-on therapy in combination with lower doses of cilostazol and aripiprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yi Sle Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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81
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Norditerpenoids with Selective Anti-Cholinesterase Activity from the Roots of Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124475. [PMID: 32586060 PMCID: PMC7352922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cholinesterases remains one of a few available treatment strategies for neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease and related conditions. The current study was inspired by previous data on anticholinesterase properties of diterpenoids from Perovskia atriplicifolia and other Lamiaceae species. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition by the three new natural compounds—(1R,15R)-1-acetoxycryptotanshinone (1), (1R)-1-acetoxytanshinone IIA (2), and (15R)-1-oxoaegyptinone A (3)—as well as, new for this genus, isograndifoliol (4) were assessed. Three of these compounds exhibited profound inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and much weaker inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). All compounds (1–4) selectively inhibited BChE (IC50 = 2.4, 7.9, 50.8, and 0.9 µM, respectively), whereas only compounds 3 and 4 moderately inhibited AChE (IC50 329.8 µM and 342.9 µM). Molecular docking and in silico toxicology prediction studies were also performed on the active compounds. Natural oxygenated norditerpenoids from the traditional Central Asian medicinal plant P. atriplicifolia are selective BChE inhibitors. Their high potential makes them useful candidate molecules for further investigation as lead compounds in the development of a natural drug against dementia caused by neurodegenerative diseases.
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82
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Najafi M, Samarghandian S, Mohammadinejad R, Ahn KS. Resveratrol targeting tau proteins, amyloid-beta aggregations, and their adverse effects: An updated review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2867-2888. [PMID: 32491273 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res) is a non-flavonoid compound with pharmacological actions such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetes, and antitumor. This plant-derived chemical has a long history usage in treatment of diseases. The excellent therapeutic impacts of Res and its capability in penetration into blood-brain barrier have made it an appropriate candidate in the treatment of neurological disorders (NDs). Tau protein aggregations and amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits are responsible for the induction of NDs. A variety of studies have elucidated the role of these aggregations in NDs and the underlying molecular pathways in their development. In the present review, based on the recently published articles, we describe that how Res administration could inhibit amyloidogenic pathway and stimulate processes such as autophagy to degrade Aβ aggregations. Besides, we demonstrate that Res supplementation is beneficial in dephosphorylation of tau proteins and suppressing their aggregations. Then, we discuss molecular pathways and relate them to the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Turkey
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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83
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Functional characterization of multifunctional ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114010. [PMID: 32360492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cholinergic dysfunction, provoking memory loss and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. The cholinergic hypothesis provided over the years with molecular targets for developing palliative treatments for AD, acting on the cholinergic system, namely, acetylcholinesterase and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). In our synthetic work, we used "click-chemistry" to synthesize two Multi Target Directed Ligands (MTDLs) MB105 and MB118 carrying tacrine and quinuclidine scaffolds which are known for their anticholinesterase and α7 nAChR agonist activities, respectively. Both, MB105 and MB118, inhibit human acetylcholinesterase and human butyrylcholinesterase in the nanomolar range. Electrophysiological recordings on Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human α7 nAChR showed that MB105 and MB118 acted as partial agonists of the referred nicotinic receptor, albeit, with different potencies despite their similar structure. The different substitution at C-3 on the 2,3-disubstituted quinuclidine scaffold may account for the significantly lower potency of MB118 compared to MB105. Electrophysiological recordings also showed that the tacrine precursor MB320 behaved as a competitive antagonist of human α7 nAChR, in the micromolar range, while the quinuclidine synthetic precursor MB099 acted as a partial agonist. Taken all together, MB105 behaved as a partial agonist of α7 nAChR at concentrations where it completely inhibited human acetylcholinesterase activity paving the way for the design of novel MTDLs for palliative treatment of AD.
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84
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Singh YP, Tej GNVC, Pandey A, Priya K, Pandey P, Shankar G, Nayak PK, Rai G, Chittiboyina AG, Doerksen RJ, Vishwakarma S, Modi G. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel naturally-inspired multifunctional molecules for the management of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112257. [PMID: 32375073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In our overall goal to overcome the limitations associated with natural products for the management of Alzheimer's disease and to develop in-vivo active multifunctional cholinergic inhibitors, we embarked on the development of ferulic acid analogs. A systematic SAR study to improve upon the cholinesterase inhibition of ferulic acid with analogs that also had lower logP was carried out. Enzyme inhibition and kinetic studies identified compound 7a as a lead molecule with preferential acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE IC50 = 5.74 ± 0.13 μM; BChE IC50 = 14.05 ± 0.10 μM) compared to the parent molecule ferulic acid (% inhibition of AChE and BChE at 20 μM, 15.19 ± 0.59 and 19.73 ± 0.91, respectively). Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed that 7a fits well into the active sites of AChE and BChE, forming stable and strong interactions with key residues Asp74, Trp286, and Tyr337 in AChE and with Tyr128, Trp231, Leu286, Ala328, Phe329, and Tyr341 in BChE. Compound 7a was found to be an efficacious antioxidant in a DPPH assay (IC50 = 57.35 ± 0.27 μM), and it also was able to chelate iron. Data from atomic force microscopy images demonstrated that 7a was able to modulate aggregation of amyloid β1-42. Upon oral administration, 7a exhibited promising in-vivo activity in the scopolamine-induced AD animal model and was able to improve spatial memory in cognitive deficit mice in the Y-maze model. Analog 7a could effectively reverse the increased levels of AChE and BChE in scopolamine-treated animals and exhibited potent ex-vivo antioxidant properties. These findings suggest that 7a can act as a lead molecule for the development of naturally-inspired multifunctional molecules for the management of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gullanki Naga Venkata Charan Tej
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amruta Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Khushbu Priya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Gauri Shankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Geeta Rai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Swati Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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85
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Eckert GP, Eckert SH, Eckmann J, Hagl S, Muller WE, Friedland K. Olesoxime improves cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction and enhances Aβ levels in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113286. [PMID: 32199815 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approved drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) only have a symptomatic effects and do not intervene causally in the course of the disease. Olesoxime (TRO19622) has been tested in AD disease models characterized by improved amyloid precursor protein processing (AβPP) and mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS Three months old Thy-1-AβPPSL (tg) and wild type mice (wt) received TRO19622 (100 mg/kg b.w.) in supplemented food pellets for 15 weeks (tg TRO19622). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were determined in dissociated brain cells (DBC). Respiration was analyzed in mitochondria isolated from brain tissue. Citrate synthase (CS) activity and beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ1-40) levels were determined in brain tissue. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined as an indicator for lipid peroxidation. DBC and brain homogenates were additionally stressed with Rotenone and FeCl2, respectively. Mitochondrial respiration and Aβ1-40 levels were also determined in HEK-AβPPsw-cells. RESULTS Treatment of mice did not affect the body weight. TRO19622 was absorbed after oral treatment (plasma levels: 6,2 μg/ml). Mitochondrial respiration was significantly reduced in brains of tg-mice. Subsequently, DBC isolated from brains of tg-mice showed significantly lower MMP but not ATP levels. TRO19622 increased the activity of respiratory chain complexes and reversed complex IV (CIV) activity and MMP. Moreover, DBC isolated from brains of tg TRO19622 mice were protected from Rotenone induced inhibition of complex I activity. TRO19622 also increased the respiratory activity in HEKsw-cells. MDA basal levels were significantly higher in brain homogenates isolated from tg-mice. TRO19622 treatment had no effects on lipid peroxidation. TRO19622 increased cholesterol levels but did not change membrane fluidity of synaptosomal plasma and mitochondrial membranes isolated from brain of mice. TRO19622 significantly increased levels of Aβ1-40 in both, in brains of tg TRO19622 mice and in HEKsw cells. CONCLUSIONS TRO19622 improves mitochondrial dysfunction but enhances Aβ levels in disease models of AD. Further studies must evaluate whether TRO19622 offers benefits at the mitochondrial level despite the increased formation of Aβ, which could be harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter P Eckert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Schamim H Eckert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janett Eckmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hagl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Walter E Muller
- Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Institute of Pharmacology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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86
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Plazas E, Hagenow S, Avila Murillo M, Stark H, Cuca LE. Isoquinoline alkaloids from the roots of Zanthoxylum rigidum as multi-target inhibitors of cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase A and Aβ 1-42 aggregation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103722. [PMID: 32155491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifactorial neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are considered a growing public health problem due the rising incidence and low effectiveness of current treatments [6]. Since pharmacotherapy based on a single target has been insufficient for drug development in complex diseases, the emerging multi-target approach is a promising strategy for the search of new anti-AD drug candidates. Herein described natural isoquinoline alkaloids were investigated for multi-target activity on key mechanisms associated with the AD's pathogenesis, i.e. cholinergic depletion, beta amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and oxidative stress. Alkaloid isolation from root extract of Zanthoxylum rigidum was carried out using multi-step chromatography and TLC-bioautography against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) giving eight purified isoquinoline alkaloids. Isolated compounds were tested for inhibitory activity against cholinesterase (AChE and BChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and B) and Aβ aggregation. Our study revealed two benzophenanthridine alkaloids, nitidine (5) and avicine (7), as the most potent multi-target candidates. Both showed dual cholinesterase inhibition, being more active against AChE over BChE, with IC50 values in sub-micromolar range in AChE. Kinetic analysis with cholinesterase showed, that both compounds are reversible-mixed inhibitors, where avicine (7) presented highest potency with Ki values of 0.063 µM (EeAChE), 0.511 µM (HrAChE) and 0.123 µM (EqBChE). In addition, these alkaloids presented moderate Aβ1-42 anti-aggregation activity and MAO-A inhibition with IC50 values between 0.5 and 2 µM. Our findings suggest that avicine (7) is a promising natural compound and multifunctional candidate representing a suitable starting point for the development of new therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Plazas
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Vegetales Bioactivos, Cr 30 N°45-03, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Stefanie Hagenow
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Monica Avila Murillo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Vegetales Bioactivos, Cr 30 N°45-03, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Holger Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Luis Enrique Cuca
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Vegetales Bioactivos, Cr 30 N°45-03, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
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87
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Shaikh S, Dhavan P, Ramana MMV, Jadhav BL. Design, synthesis and evaluation of new chromone-derived aminophosphonates as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Mol Divers 2020; 25:811-825. [PMID: 32124162 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel N-substituted α-aminophosphonates-bearing chromone moiety were synthesized and evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities and antioxidant properties. Porcine pancreatic lipase was employed as a catalyst. Inhibitory activity against AChE ranged between 0.103 and 5.781 µM, whereas for BuChE, activities ranged between 8.619 and 18.789 µM. The results show that among the various synthesized compounds, strongest AChE inhibition was found for the compound containing aliphatic amine analogs, while in case of BuChE, aromatic amines showed better activity as compared to aliphatic amines. Compound 4j was found to be the most potent inhibitor of AChE with an IC50 value of 0.103 ± 0.24 μM and inhibited AChE through mixed-type inhibition. Compound 4j was twofolds more potent than tacrine, 35-folds potent than galantamine and 50-folds potent than rivastigmine. Also, docking study revealed that compound 4j binds to both the peripheral anionic site and catalytic anionic site of AChE and BuChE. The antioxidant activities of synthesized compounds were performed against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. DNA nicking activity of selected compounds also suggested that the compounds do not harm plasmid DNA pBR322. Compound 4j also showed significant DNA damage protection activity. Novel N-substituted α-aminophosphonates bearing chromone moiety were synthesized and evaluated for anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-butyrylcholinesterase, antioxidant and DNA damage activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Pratik Dhavan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - M M V Ramana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India.
| | - B L Jadhav
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
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88
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Shaikh S, Dhavan P, Pavale G, Ramana M, Jadhav B. Design, synthesis and evaluation of pyrazole bearing α-aminophosphonate derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tseng HJ, Lin MH, Shiao YJ, Yang YC, Chu JC, Chen CY, Chen YY, Lin TE, Su CJ, Pan SL, Chen LC, Wang CY, Hsu KC, Huang WJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of acridine-based histone deacetylase inhibitors as multitarget agents against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112193. [PMID: 32151835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multitarget agents simultaneously trigger molecules in functionally complementary pathways, and are therefore considered to have potential in effectively treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has a complex pathogenetic mechanism. In this study, the HDAC inhibitor core is incorporated into the acetylcholine esterase (ACE) inhibitor acridine-derived moiety and resulted in compounds that exhibited higher class IIa HDAC (4, 5, 7, and 9)- and class IIb HDAC6-inhibiting activity when compared to the pan-HDAC inhibitor SAHA in clinical practice. One of these compounds, 11b, displayed greater selectivity toward HDAC6 than other isoform enzymes. In contrast, the activity of compound 6a was selective toward class IIa HDAC and HDAC6. These two compounds exhibited strong activity against Aβ-aggregation as well as significantly disrupted Aβ-oligomer. Additionally, 11b and 6a strongly inhibited AChE. These experimental findings demonstrate that compounds 11b and 6a are HDAC-Aβ-aggregation-AChE inhibitors. Notably, they can enhance neurite outgrowth, but with no significant neurotoxicity. Further biological evaluation revealed the various cellular effects of multitarget compounds 11b and 6a, which have the potential to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Tseng
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Chu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Su
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Life and Health Sciences and Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | | | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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90
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Chaves S, Resta S, Rinaldo F, Costa M, Josselin R, Gwizdala K, Piemontese L, Capriati V, Pereira-Santos AR, Cardoso SM, Santos MA. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of Hydroxybenzimidazole-Donepezil Analogues as Multitarget-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:E985. [PMID: 32098407 PMCID: PMC7070709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), obtained by attachment of a hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole (BIM) unit to donepezil (DNP) active mimetic moiety (benzyl-piperidine/-piperazine) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs in terms of biological activity (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation), metal chelation, and neuroprotection capacity. Among the DNP-BIM hybrids studied herein, the structural isomerization did not significantly improve the biological properties, while some substitutions, namely fluorine atom in each moiety or the methoxy group in the benzyl ring, evidenced higher cholinergic AChE activity. All the compounds are able to chelate Cu and Zn metal ions through their bidentate BIM moieties, but compound 5, containing a three-dentate chelating unit, is the strongest Cu(II) chelator. Concerning the viability on neuroblastoma cells, compounds 9 and 10 displayed the highest reduction of Aβ-induced cell toxicity. In silico calculations of some pharmacokinetic descriptors indicate that all the compounds but the nitro derivatives have good potential oral-bioavailability. Overall, it can be concluded that most of the studied DNP-BIM conjugates showed quite good anti-AD properties, therefore deserving to be considered in further studies with the aim of understanding and treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Chaves
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Simonetta Resta
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Federica Rinaldo
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Marina Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Romane Josselin
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Karolina Gwizdala
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (V.C.)
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - A. Raquel Pereira-Santos
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.P.-S.); (S.M.C.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra M. Cardoso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.P.-S.); (S.M.C.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Amélia Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
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91
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Deep Eutectic Solvents as Effective Reaction Media for the Synthesis of 2-Hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole-based Scaffolds en Route to Donepezil-Like Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030574. [PMID: 32013037 PMCID: PMC7037276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An unsubstituted 2-hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole has recently been included as a scaffold in a series of hybrids (including the hit compound PZ1) based on the framework of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor Donepezil, which is a new promising multi-target ligand in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment. Building upon these findings, we have now designed and completed the whole synthesis of PZ1 in the so-called deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which have emerged as an unconventional class of bio-renewable reaction media in green synthesis. Under optimized reaction conditions, the preparation of a series of 2-hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole-based nuclei has also been perfected in DESs, and comparison with other routes which employ toxic and volatile organic solvents (VOCs) provided. The functionalization of the aromatic ring can have implications on some important biological properties of the described derivatives and will be the subject of future studies of structure-activity relationships (SARs).
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92
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Xie J, Liang R, Wang Y, Huang J, Cao X, Niu B. Progress in Target Drug Molecules for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:4-36. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191203113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that 4 widespread in the elderly.
The etiology of AD is complicated, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Although there are many
researches on anti-AD drugs, they are limited to reverse relief symptoms and cannot treat diseases.
Therefore, the development of high-efficiency anti-AD drugs with no side effects has become an urgent
need. Based on the published literature, this paper summarizes the main targets of AD and their drugs,
and focuses on the research and development progress of these drugs in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ruirui Liang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yajiang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junyi Huang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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93
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das Neves AM, Berwaldt GA, Avila CT, Goulart TB, Moreira BC, Ferreira TP, Soares MSP, Pedra NS, Spohr L, dE Souza AAA, Spanevello RM, Cunico W. Synthesis of thiazolidin-4-ones and thiazinan-4-ones from 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:31-41. [PMID: 31645149 PMCID: PMC6818106 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1680659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the synthesis of a novel series of thiazolidin-4-one and thiazinan-4-one using 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine as amine precursor. All compounds were synthesised by one-pot three component cyclocondensation reaction from the amine, a substituted benzaldehyde and a mercaptocarboxylic acid. The compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields and were identified and characterised by 1H, 13 C, 2 D NMR and GC/MS techniques. The compounds also were screened for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus and cerebral cortex on Wistar rats. The six most potent compounds have been investigated for their cytotoxicity by cell viability assay of astrocyte primary culture, an important cell of central nervous system. We highlighted two compounds (6a and 6k) that had the lowest IC50 in hippocampus (5.20 and 4.46 µM) and cerebral cortex (7.40 and 6.83 µM). These preliminary and important results could be considered a starting point for the development of new AChE inhibitory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M das Neves
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Gabriele A Berwaldt
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Cinara T Avila
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Taís B Goulart
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Bruna C Moreira
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Taís P Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Mayara S P Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Nathalia S Pedra
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Luiza Spohr
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Anita A A dE Souza
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Roselia M Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
| | - Wilson Cunico
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Capão do Leão , Brazil
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94
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Exploring the Multi-Target Performance of Mitochondriotropic Antioxidants against the Pivotal Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiological Hallmarks. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020276. [PMID: 31936622 PMCID: PMC7024345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease featuring progressive and degenerative neurological impairments resulting in memory loss and cognitive decline. The specific mechanisms underlying AD are still poorly understood, but it is suggested that a deficiency in the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the deposition of insoluble aggregates of fibrillar β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42), and iron and glutamate accumulation play an important role in the disease progress. Despite the existence of approved cholinergic drugs, none of them demonstrated effectiveness in modifying disease progression. Accordingly, the development of new chemical entities acting on more than one target is attracting progressively more attention as they can tackle intricate network targets and modulate their effects. Within this endeavor, a series of mitochondriotropic antioxidants inspired on hydroxycinnamic (HCA’s) scaffold were synthesized, screened toward cholinesterases and evaluated as neuroprotectors in a differentiated human SH-SY5Y cell line. From the series, compounds 7 and 11 with a 10-carbon chain can be viewed as multi-target leads for the treatment of AD, as they act as dual and bifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors and prevent the neuronal damage caused by diverse aggressors related to protein misfolding and aggregation, iron accumulation and excitotoxicity.
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95
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Hu XM, Ren S, Li K, Li XT. Tacrine modulates Kv2.1 channel gene expression and cell proliferation. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:781-787. [PMID: 31847645 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1705811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Besides as a cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, tacrine is able to act on multiple targets such as nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) and voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels. Kv2.1, a Kv channel subunit underlying delayed rectifier currents with slow kinetics of inactivation, is highly expressed in the mammalian brain, especially in the hippocampus. Nevertheless, limited data are available concerning the relationship between tacrine and Kv2.1 channels. In the present study, we explore the possible effects of tacrine on Kv2.1 channels in heterologous expression systems and N2A cells.Materials and methods: The change of expression and currents of Kv2.1 after treatment with tacrine was detected by PCR and whole-cell recordings, respectively. WST-8 experiments were performed to reveal the effects of tacrine on cell proliferation.Results: Incubation with tacrine induced a significant reduction of the mRNA level of Kv2.1 channels in HEK293 cells. The decline of corresponding currents carried by Kv2.1 was also observed. Moreover, the proliferation rates of HEK293 cells with Kv2.1 channel were substantially enhanced after treatment with this chemical for 24 h. Similar results were also detected after exposure to tacrine in N2A cells with native expression of Kv2.1 channels.Conclusion: These lines of evidence indicate that application of tacrine downregulates the expression of Kv2.1 channels and increase cell proliferation. The effect of tacrine on Kv2.1 channels may provide an alternative explanation for its neuroprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Mu Hu
- Graduate Institute of South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Ren
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Li
- Graduate Institute of South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Li
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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96
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Sharma P, Tripathi MK, Shrivastava SK. Cholinesterase as a Target for Drug Development in Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2089:257-286. [PMID: 31773661 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0163-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an enormous healthcare challenge, and 50 million people are currently suffering from it. There are several pathophysiological mechanisms involved, but cholinesterase inhibitors remained the major target from the last 2-3 decades. Among four available therapeutics (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine), three of them are cholinesterase inhibitors. Herein, we describe the role of acetylcholine sterase (AChE) and related hypothesis in AD along with the pharmacological and chemical aspects of the available cholinesterase inhibitors. This chapter discusses the development of several congeners and hybrids of available cholinesterase inhibitors along with their binding patterns in enzyme active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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97
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Mishra CB, Shalini S, Gusain S, Prakash A, Kumari J, Kumari S, Yadav AK, Lynn AM, Tiwari M. Development of novel N-(6-methanesulfonyl-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-substituted-piperazin-1-yl)-propionamides with cholinesterase inhibition, anti-β-amyloid aggregation, neuroprotection and cognition enhancing properties for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17602-17619. [PMID: 35515597 PMCID: PMC9053591 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00663g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of benzothiazole–piperazine hybrids were rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional ligands against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The synthesized hybrid molecules illustrated modest to strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Aβ1-42 aggregation. Compound 12 emerged as the most potent hybrid molecule exhibiting balanced functions with effective, uncompetitive and selective inhibition against AChE (IC50 = 2.31 μM), good copper chelation, Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibition (53.30%) and disaggregation activities. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and TEM analysis also validate the Aβ fibril inhibition ability of this compound. Furthermore, this compound has also shown low toxicity and is capable of impeding loss of cell viability elicited by H2O2 neurotoxicity in SHSY-5Y cells. Notably, compound 12 significantly improved cognition and spatial memory against scopolamine-induced memory deficit in a mouse model. Hence, our results corroborate the multifunctional nature of novel hybrid molecule 12 against AD and it may be a suitable lead for further development as an effective therapeutic agent for therapy in the future. A novel series of benzothiazole–piperazine hybrids were rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional ligands against Alzheimer's disease (AD).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Shruti Shalini
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Siddharth Gusain
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health (AIISH)
- Amity University Haryana
- Gurgaon-122413
- India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Anita Kumari Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Andrew M. Lynn
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
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98
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Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Rudakova EV, Stupina TS, Terentiev AA, Serkov IV, Proshin AN, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Conjugates of tacrine and 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives as new potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer’s disease treatment: Synthesis, quantum-chemical characterization, molecular docking, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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99
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Yu Z, Ji H, Shen J, Kan R, Zhao W, Li J, Ding L, Liu J. Identification and molecular docking study of fish roe-derived peptides as potent BACE 1, AChE, and BChE inhibitors. Food Funct 2020; 11:6643-6651. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and beta-secretase 1 (BACE 1) play vital roles in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Huizhuo Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Juntong Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Ruotong Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P.R. China
| | - Long Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130062
- P.R. China
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100
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Kaur S, DasGupta G, Singh S. Altered Neurochemistry in Alzheimer’s Disease: Targeting Neurotransmitter Receptor Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategy. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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