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Lim YY, Maruff P, Kaneko N, Doecke J, Fowler C, Villemagne VL, Kato T, Rowe CC, Arahata Y, Iwamoto S, Ito K, Tanaka K, Yanagisawa K, Masters CL, Nakamura A. Plasma Amyloid-β Biomarker Associated with Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:1057-1065. [PMID: 32925048 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, we recently developed and validated a plasma composite biomarker for the assessment of amyloid-β (Aβ) levels. However, as yet, its relationship with clinical outcomes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relationship between this plasma Aβ composite biomarker and cognitive function in cognitively normal older adults in two independent cohorts. METHODS Participants enrolled in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study and the National Centre for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG) study had undergone Aβ neuroimaging using positron emission tomography (PET), cognitive assessments and provided blood samples. We derived a high-performance plasma Aβ composite biomarker by immunoprecipitation with mass-spectrometry. RESULTS Both continuous and categorical measures of the plasma Aβ composite biomarker were significantly related to decline in episodic memory and executive function. The magnitude of effects of the plasma Aβ composite on episodic memory and executive function were comparable to that observed for the effects of PET Aβ levels on these same outcome measures. CONCLUSION Several plasma Aβ biomarkers have been developed, but none have yet been applied to investigate their relationship with cognitive outcomes. Our results have important implications for the use of this biomarker in the detection of at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ying Lim
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Cogstate Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Naoki Kaneko
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - James Doecke
- Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Austin Health, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Center for PET, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Takashi Kato
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.,National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Austin Health, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Center for PET, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Yutaka Arahata
- National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kengo Ito
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.,National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanagisawa
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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CSF neurofilament light may predict progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:78-85. [PMID: 34403936 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurofilament light (NfL) is a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL was measured in a 24-month longitudinal cohort consisting of control (n = 52), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) (n = 55), and probable AD dementia (n = 28) individuals. The cohort was reevaluated after 6-10 years. Baseline CSF NfL was significantly elevated in aMCI and probable AD dementia groups compared to controls (p < 0.0001). CSF NfL was significantly lower in stable aMCI patients compared to aMCI patients who converted to probable AD dementia within the 24-month period (p = 0.004). Substituting T-tau for NfL in the core AD biomarkers model (Aβ42/P-tau/T-tau) did not improve ability to separate control and AD, or stable and converter aMCI patients. Our results support that elevated CSF NfL could predict progression in aMCI patients, but its utility cannot improve the core AD biomarkers.
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53
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Liu M, Zhang X, Wang Y. Curcumin Alleviates Aβ 42-Induced Neuronal Metabolic Dysfunction via the Thrb/SIRT3 Axis and Improves Cognition in APP TG Mice. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3166-3178. [PMID: 34401962 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present research, we aimed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of curcumin on AD. Mouse primary hippocampal neuron cells were treated with various concentrations of beta-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) and the results found that Aβ42 inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with 50 ng/mL Aβ42, 500 ng/mL Aβ42 could further promote cell apoptosis, reduce the ratio of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))/Nicotinamide adenine diphosphate hydride (NADH) and Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) level, and inhibit Sirtuins 3 (SIRT3) deacetylation activity and protein expression of Thyroid hormone receptor beta (Thrb) and SIRT3. Hence, 500 ng/mL Aβ42 was used to establish a cell model of AD. Curcumin significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of Aβ42 on cell viability, SIRT3 deacetylation activity, the ratio of NAD+/NADH, ATP level and the protein expression of Thrb and SIRT3, and the promotive effect on apoptosis. ChIPBase was used to predict the binding region of Thrb and SIRT3. Dual luciferase reporter gene and Chromatin immune precipitation (ChIP) assays were employed to verify the relationship between Thrb and promoter of SIRT3 mRNA. Overexpression of Thrb recovered Aβ42 induced metabolic dysfunction, while Thrb silence aggravated Aβ42 induced metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, Thrb silence or 3-TYP (a selective inhibitor of SIRT3) treatment abolished the amelioration of curcumin on Aβ42 induced metabolic dysfunction. Additionally, curcumin attenuated memory deficits in Amyloid precursor protein transgenic (APPTG) mice. Collectively, curcumin alleviated Aβ42-induced neuronal metabolic dysfunction through increasing Thrb expression and SIRT3 activity and improved cognition in APPTG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Basic Disciplines, Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang, 330052, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Basic Disciplines, Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang, 330052, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Recuperation No.1, Dalian Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center, Dalian, 116016, China.
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Peng SY, Wu X, Lu T, Cui G, Chen G. Research progress of hydrogen sulfide in Alzheimer's disease from laboratory to hospital: a narrative review. Med Gas Res 2021; 10:125-129. [PMID: 33004710 PMCID: PMC8086622 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.296043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly occurs in old age and early stages. Its main manifestations are memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, loss of identity, abstract thinking and impairment of computing power, personality and behavior changes, etc. At present, the treatment of Alzheimer's disease only stays on reducing the disease and delaying the development, which is also a difficult problem to overcome in clinical practice. Hydrogen sulfide, as a third gaseous signal molecule after carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide, has become very popular in recent years. It shows very promising prospects in the Alzheimer's disease model. It can protect the nerve function and prevent the progress of the disease by affecting the amyloid precursor protein metabolism, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant pathways. Therefore, this article summarizes the relevant basic and clinical research of hydrogen sulfide in Alzheimer's disease, and discusses its progress and findings and mechanism characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Gallo A, Pillet LE, Verpillot R. New frontiers in Alzheimer's disease diagnostic: Monoamines and their derivatives in biological fluids. Exp Gerontol 2021; 152:111452. [PMID: 34182050 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Current diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) relies on a combination of neuropsychological evaluations, biomarker measurements and brain imaging. Nevertheless, these approaches are either expensive, invasive or lack sensitivity to early AD stages. The main challenge of ongoing research is therefore to identify early non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose AD at preclinical stage. Accumulating evidence support the hypothesis that initial degeneration of profound monoaminergic nuclei may trigger a transneuronal spread of AD pathology towards hippocampus and cortex. These studies aroused great interest on monoamines, i.e. noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (D) ad serotonin (5-HT), as early hallmarks of AD pathology. The present work reviews current literature on the potential role of monoamines and related metabolites as biomarkers of AD. First, morphological changes in the monoaminergic systems during AD are briefly described. Second, we focus on concentration changes of these molecules and their derivatives in biological fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, obtained by lumbar puncture, and blood or urine, sampled via less invasive procedures. Starting from initial observations, we then discuss recent insights on metabolomics-based analysis, highlighting the promising clinical utility of monoamines for the identification of a molecular AD signature, aimed at improving early diagnosis and discrimination from other dementia.
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56
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Chen M, Xia W. Proteomic Profiling of Plasma and Brain Tissue from Alzheimer's Disease Patients Reveals Candidate Network of Plasma Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:349-368. [PMID: 32474469 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia with two pathological hallmarks of tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β protein (Aβ)-containing neuritic plaques. Although Aβ and tau have been explored as potential biomarkers, levels of these pathological proteins in blood fail to distinguish AD from healthy control subjects. OBJECTIVE We aim to discover potential plasma proteins associated with AD pathology by performing tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of proteins from peripheral and central nervous system compartments. METHODS We performed comparative proteomic analyses of plasma collected from AD patients and cognitively normal subjects. In addition, proteomic profiles from the inferior frontal cortex, superior frontal cortex, and cerebellum of postmortem brain tissue from five AD patients and five non-AD controls were compared with plasma proteomic profiles to search for common biomarkers. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze plasma and brain tissue labeled with isobaric TMT for relative protein quantification. RESULTS Our results showed that the proteins in complement coagulation cascade and interleukin-6 signaling were significantly altered in both plasma and brains of AD patients. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the relevance in immune responses between the peripheral and central nervous systems. Those differentially regulated plasma proteins are explored as candidate biomarker profiles that illustrate chronic neuroinflammation in brains of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Scheltens P, De Strooper B, Kivipelto M, Holstege H, Chételat G, Teunissen CE, Cummings J, van der Flier WM. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2021; 397:1577-1590. [PMID: 33667416 PMCID: PMC8354300 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1596] [Impact Index Per Article: 532.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this Seminar, we highlight the main developments in the field of Alzheimer's disease. The most recent data indicate that, by 2050, the prevalence of dementia will double in Europe and triple worldwide, and that estimate is 3 times higher when based on a biological (rather than clinical) definition of Alzheimer's disease. The earliest phase of Alzheimer's disease (cellular phase) happens in parallel with accumulating amyloid β, inducing the spread of tau pathology. The risk of Alzheimer's disease is 60-80% dependent on heritable factors, with more than 40 Alzheimer's disease-associated genetic risk loci already identified, of which the APOE alleles have the strongest association with the disease. Novel biomarkers include PET scans and plasma assays for amyloid β and phosphorylated tau, which show great promise for clinical and research use. Multidomain lifestyle-based prevention trials suggest cognitive benefits in participants with increased risk of dementia. Lifestyle factors do not directly affect Alzheimer's disease pathology, but can still contribute to a positive outcome in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Promising pharmacological treatments are poised at advanced stages of clinical trials and include anti-amyloid β, anti-tau, and anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Life Science Partners, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department for Neurology, Leuven, Belgium; Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Ageing and Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gael Chételat
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Groupement d'Intérêt Public Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Datascience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Chiu MJ, Yang SY, Chen TF, Lin CH, Yang FC, Chen WP, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Synergistic Association between Plasma Aβ 1-42 and p-tau in Alzheimer's Disease but Not in Parkinson's Disease or Frontotemporal Dementia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1376-1383. [PMID: 33825443 PMCID: PMC9278807 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Beta-amyloid (Aβ1–42) triggers the phosphorylation
of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the relationship
between phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and Aβ1–42 in the blood is not elucidated. We investigated the association
in individuals with AD (n = 62, including amnesic
mild cognitive impairment and dementia), Parkinson’s disease
(n = 30), frontotemporal dementia (n = 25), and cognitively unimpaired controls (n =
41) using immunomagnetic reduction assays to measure plasma Aβ1–42 and p-tau181 concentrations. Correlation and regression
analyses were performed to examine the relation between plasma levels,
demographic factors, and clinical severity. Both plasma Aβ1–42 and p-tau concentrations were significantly higher
in AD and frontotemporal dementia than in the controls and Parkinson’s
disease. A significant positive association was found between plasma
p-tau and Aβ1–42 in controls (r = 0.579, P < 0.001) and AD (r = 0.699, P < 0.001) but not in frontotemporal
dementia or Parkinson’s disease. Plasma p-tau was significantly
associated with clinical severity in the AD in terms of scores of
clinical dementia rating (r = 0.288, P = 0.025) and mini-mental state examination (r =
−0.253, P = 0.049). Regression analysis showed
that plasma Aβ1–42 levels explain approximately
47.7% of the plasma p-tau levels in the AD after controlling age,
gender, and clinical severity. While in non-AD participants, the clinical
dementia rating explained about 47.5% of the plasma p-tau levels.
The disease-specific association between plasma Aβ1–42 and p-tau levels in AD implies a possible synergic effect in mechanisms
involving these two pathological proteins’ genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Shieh-Yueh Yang
- MagQu Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- MagQu LLC, Surprise, Arizona 85378, United States
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 405 30, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 405 30, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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Phan LMT, Hoang TX, Vo TAT, Pham HL, Le HTN, Chinnadayyala SR, Kim JY, Lee SM, Cho WW, Kim YH, Choi SH, Cho S. Nanomaterial-based Optical and Electrochemical Biosensors for Amyloid beta and Tau: Potential for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:175-193. [PMID: 33560154 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1887732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD), a heterogeneous pathological process representing the most common causes of dementia worldwide, has required early and accurate diagnostic tools. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD involve the aberrant accumulation of Amyloid beta (Aβ) into Amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated Tau into neurofibrillary tangles, occurring long before the onset of brain dysfunction.Areas covered:Considering the significance of Aβ and Tau in AD pathogenesis, these proteins have been adopted as core biomarkers of AD, and their quantification has provided precise diagnostic information to develop next-generation AD therapeutic approaches. However, conventional diagnostic methods may not suffice to achieve clinical criteria that are acceptable for proper diagnosis and treatment. The advantages of nanomaterial-based biosensors including facile miniaturization, mass fabrication, ultra-sensitivity, make them useful to be promising tools to measure Aβ and Tau simultaneously for accurate validation of low-abundance yet potentially informative biomarkers of AD.. EXPERT OPINION The study has identified the potential application of advanced biosensors as standardized clinical diagnostic tools for AD, evolving the way for new and efficient AD control with minimum economic and social burden. After clinical trial, nanobiosensors for measuring Aβ and Tau simultaneously possess innovative diagnosis of AD to provide significant contributions to primary Alzheimer's care intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Anh Thu Vo
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang Lan Pham
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hien T Ngoc Le
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won Woo Cho
- Cantis Inc., Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Bai D, Fan J, Li M, Dong C, Gao Y, Fu M, Huang G, Liu H. Effects of Folic Acid Combined with DHA Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Amyloid-β-Related Biomarkers in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment by a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:155-167. [PMID: 33749643 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroprotective benefits of combined folic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are suggested but unconfirmed. OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of 6-month folic acid + DHA on cognitive function in patients with MCI. METHODS Our randomized controlled trial (trial number ChiCTR-IOR-16008351) was conducted in Tianjin, China. We divided 160 MCI patients aged > 60 years into four regimen groups randomly: folic acid (0.8 mg/day) + DHA (800 mg/day), folic acid (0.8 mg/day), DHA (800 mg/day), and placebo, for 6 months. Cognitive function and blood amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) biomarker levels were measured at baseline and 6 months. Cognitive function was also measured at 12 months. RESULTS A total of 138 patients completed this trial. Folic acid improved the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), arithmetic, and picture complement scores; DHA improved the FSIQ, information, arithmetic, and digit span scores; folic acid + DHA improved the arithmetic (difference 1.67, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.31) and digital span (1.33, 0.24 to 2.43) scores compared to placebo. At 12 months, all scores declined in the intervention groups. Folic acid and folic acid + DHA increased blood folate (folic acid + DHA: 7.70, 3.81 to 11.59) and S-adenosylmethionine (23.93, 1.86 to 46.00) levels and reduced homocysteine levels (-6.51, -10.57 to -2.45) compared to placebo. DHA lower the Aβ40 levels (-40.57, -79.79 to -1.35) compared to placebo (p < 0.05), and folic acid + DHA reduced the Aβ42 (-95.59, -150.76 to -40.43) and Aβ40 levels (-45.75, -84.67 to -6.84) more than DHA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Folic acid and DHA improve cognitive function and reduce blood Aβ production in MCI patients. Combination therapy may be more beneficial in reducing blood Aβ-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuixia Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Hujiayuan Community Health Service Center of Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Ghai R, Nagarajan K, Arora M, Grover P, Ali N, Kapoor G. Current Strategies and Novel Drug Approaches for Alzheimer Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:676-690. [PMID: 32679025 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200717091513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic, devastating dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It mainly arises due to neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus area of the brain and is clinically manifested as a progressive mental failure, disordered cognitive functions, personality changes, reduced verbal fluency and impairment of speech. The pathology behind AD is the formation of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, deposition of amyloid plaque and decline in choline acetyltransferase and loss of cholinergic neurons. Tragically, the disease cannot be cured, but its progression can be halted. Various cholinesterase inhibitors available in the market like Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, etc. are being used to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The paper's objective is to throw light not only on the cellular/genetic basis of the disease, but also on the current trends and various strategies of treatment including the use of phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Enormous literature survey was conducted and published articles of PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials.org and Alzheimer Association reports were studied intensively to consolidate the information on the strategies available to combat Alzheimer's disease. Currently, several strategies are being investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta plaques, tau protein and neural pathways are undergoing clinical trials. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotide methodologies are being approached as therapies for its management. Phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are also gaining attention in overcoming the symptoms related to AD. The present review article concludes that novel and traditional therapies simultaneously promise future hope for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Ghai
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- University of Pittsburgh, 3459, Fifth Ave, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Nazakat Ali
- Dabur Research Foundation, Plot-22, Site-4, Industrial area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, UP-201010, India
| | - Garima Kapoor
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
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62
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Lysen TS, Ikram MA, Ghanbari M, Luik AI. Sleep, 24-h activity rhythms, and plasma markers of neurodegenerative disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20691. [PMID: 33244083 PMCID: PMC7692474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and 24-h activity rhythm disturbances are associated with development of neurodegenerative diseases and related pathophysiological processes in the brain. We determined the cross-sectional relation of sleep and 24-h activity rhythm disturbances with plasma-based biomarkers that might signal neurodegenerative disease, in 4712 middle-aged and elderly non-demented persons. Sleep and activity rhythms were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphy. Simoa assays were used to measure plasma levels of neurofilament light chain, and additionally β-amyloid 40, β-amyloid 42, and total-tau. We used linear regression, adjusting for relevant confounders, and corrected for multiple testing. We found no associations of self-rated sleep, actigraphy-estimated sleep and 24-h activity rhythms with neurofilament light chain after confounder adjustment and correction for multiple testing, except for a non-linear association of self-rated time in bed with neurofilament light chain (P = 2.5*10−4). Similarly, we observed no significant associations with β-amyloid 40, β-amyloid 42, and total-tau after multiple testing correction. We conclude that sleep and 24-h activity rhythm disturbances were not consistently associated with neuronal damage as indicated by plasma neurofilament light chain in this population-based sample middle-aged and elderly non-demented persons. Further studies are needed to determine the associations of sleep and 24-h activity rhythm disturbances with NfL-related neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom S Lysen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fluid Candidate Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: A Precision Medicine Approach. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040221. [PMID: 33187336 PMCID: PMC7712586 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of dynamic pathophysiological mechanisms underpins highly heterogeneous phenotypes in the field of dementia, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In such a faceted scenario, a biomarker-guided approach, through the implementation of specific fluid biomarkers individually reflecting distinct molecular pathways in the brain, may help establish a proper clinical diagnosis, even in its preclinical stages. Recently, ultrasensitive assays may detect different neurodegenerative mechanisms in blood earlier. ß-amyloid (Aß) peptides, phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and neurofilament light chain (NFL) measured in blood are gaining momentum as candidate biomarkers for AD. P-tau is currently the more convincing plasma biomarker for the diagnostic workup of AD. The clinical role of plasma Aβ peptides should be better elucidated with further studies that also compare the accuracy of the different ultrasensitive techniques. Blood NFL is promising as a proxy of neurodegeneration process tout court. Protein misfolding amplification assays can accurately detect α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thus representing advancement in the pathologic stratification of AD. In CSF, neurogranin and YKL-40 are further candidate biomarkers tracking synaptic disruption and neuroinflammation, which are additional key pathophysiological pathways related to AD genesis. Advanced statistical analysis using clinical scores and biomarker data to bring together individuals with AD from large heterogeneous cohorts into consistent clusters may promote the discovery of pathophysiological causes and detection of tailored treatments.
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64
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Wilczyńska K, Waszkiewicz N. Diagnostic Utility of Selected Serum Dementia Biomarkers: Amyloid β-40, Amyloid β-42, Tau Protein, and YKL-40: A Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113452. [PMID: 33121040 PMCID: PMC7692800 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dementia is a group of disorders that causes dysfunctions in human cognitive and operating functions. Currently, it is not possible to conduct a fast, low-invasive dementia diagnostic process with the use of peripheral blood biomarkers, however, there is a great deal of research in progress covering this subject. Research on dementia biomarkers in serum validates anticipated health and economic benefits from early screening tests. Biomarkers are also essential for improving the process of developing new drugs. Methods: The result analysis, of current studies on selected biomarker concentrations (Aβ40, Aβ42, t-tau, and YKL-40) and their combination in the serum of patients with dementia and mild cognitive disorders, involved a search for papers available in Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science databases published from 2000 to 2020. Results: The results of conducted cross-sectional studies comparing Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ42/Aβ40 among people with cognitive disorders and a control group are incoherent. Most of the analyzed papers showed an increase in t-tau concentration in diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients’ serum, whereas results of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) groups did not differ from the control groups. In several papers on the concentration of YKL-40 and t-tau/Aβ42 ratio, the results were promising. To date, several studies have only covered the field of biomarker concentrations in dementia disorders other than AD. Conclusions: Insufficient amyloid marker test repeatability may result either from imperfection of the used laboratorial techniques or inadequate selection of control groups with their comorbidities. On the basis of current knowledge, t-tau, t-tau/Aβ42, and YKL-40 seem to be promising candidates as biomarkers of cognitive disorders in serum. YKL-40 seems to be a more useful biomarker in early MCI diagnostics, whereas t-tau can be used as a marker of progress of prodromal states in mild AD. Due to the insignificant number of studies conducted to date among patients with dementia disorders other than AD, it is not possible to make a sound assessment of their usefulness in dementia differential diagnostics.
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Yang SY, Liu HC, Chen WP. Immunomagnetic Reduction Detects Plasma Aβ 1-42 Levels as a Potential Dominant Indicator Predicting Cognitive Decline. Neurol Ther 2020; 9:435-442. [PMID: 33090326 PMCID: PMC7606390 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-020-00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concentrations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42 and tau protein are very low in human plasma, ultrasensitive assays such as immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) are able to precisely quantify them. Review articles have described the detailed working mechanism of IMR and revealed the feasibility of detecting early-stage AD by assaying these plasma biomarkers with IMR. In this review, we aimed to compare the significance of these plasma biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline in patients with Down syndrome, stroke, or amnestic mild cognitive impairment based on findings in the literature. We found that plasma Aβ1–42 might play the predominant role in predicting cognitive decline in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shieh-Yueh Yang
- MagQu Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan. .,MagQu LLC, Surprise, AZ, 85378, USA.
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Eke CS, Sakr F, Jammeh E, Zhao P, Ifeachor E. A Robust Blood-based Signature of Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ 42 Status. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:5523-5526. [PMID: 33019230 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of vital importance in the development of disease-modifying therapies. This necessitates the use of early pathological indicators of the disease such as amyloid abnormality to identify individuals at early disease stages where intervention is likely to be most effective. Recent evidence suggests that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β1-42 (Aβ42) level may indicate AD risk earlier compared to amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). However, the method of collecting CSF is invasive. Blood-based biomarkers indicative of CSF Aβ42 status may remedy this limitation as blood collection is minimally invasive and inexpensive. In this study, we show that APOE4 genotype and blood markers comprising EOT3, APOC1, CGA, and Aβ42 robustly predict CSF Aβ42 with high classification performance (0.84 AUC, 0.82 sensitivity, 0.62 specificity, 0.81 PPV and 0.64 NPV) using machine learning approach. Due to the method employed in the biomarker search, the identified biomarker signature maintained high performance in more than a single machine learning algorithm, indicating potential to generalize well. A minimally invasive and cost-effective solution to detecting amyloid abnormality such as proposed in this study may be used as a first step in a multi-stage diagnostic workup to facilitate enrichment of clinical trials and population-based screening.
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67
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Lin CH, Chiu SI, Chen TF, Jang JSR, Chiu MJ. Classifications of Neurodegenerative Disorders Using a Multiplex Blood Biomarkers-Based Machine Learning Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186914. [PMID: 32967146 PMCID: PMC7555120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Easily accessible biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and related neurodegenerative disorders are urgently needed in an aging society to assist early-stage diagnoses. In this study, we aimed to develop machine learning algorithms using the multiplex blood-based biomarkers to identify patients with different neurodegenerative diseases. Plasma samples (n = 377) were obtained from healthy controls, patients with AD spectrum (including mild cognitive impairment (MCI)), PD spectrum with variable cognitive severity (including PD with dementia (PDD)), and FTD. We measured plasma levels of amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42), Aβ40, total Tau, p-Tau181, and α-synuclein using an immunomagnetic reduction-based immunoassay. We observed increased levels of all biomarkers except Aβ40 in the AD group when compared to the MCI and controls. The plasma α-synuclein levels increased in PDD when compared to PD with normal cognition. We applied machine learning-based frameworks, including a linear discriminant analysis (LDA), for feature extraction and several classifiers, using features from these blood-based biomarkers to classify these neurodegenerative disorders. We found that the random forest (RF) was the best classifier to separate different dementia syndromes. Using RF, the established LDA model had an average accuracy of 76% when classifying AD, PD spectrum, and FTD. Moreover, we found 83% and 63% accuracies when differentiating the individual disease severity of subgroups in the AD and PD spectrum, respectively. The developed LDA model with the RF classifier can assist clinicians in distinguishing variable neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Shu-I Chiu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (S.-I.C.); (J.-S.R.J.)
- Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei 11605, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Jyh-Shing Roger Jang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (S.-I.C.); (J.-S.R.J.)
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-F.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
- Graduate Institue of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 65339)
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68
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Albani D, Marizzoni M, Ferrari C, Fusco F, Boeri L, Raimondi I, Jovicich J, Babiloni C, Soricelli A, Lizio R, Galluzzi S, Cavaliere L, Didic M, Schönknecht P, Molinuevo JL, Nobili F, Parnetti L, Payoux P, Bocchio L, Salvatore M, Rossini PM, Tsolaki M, Visser PJ, Richardson JC, Wiltfang J, Bordet R, Blin O, Forloni G, Frisoni GB. Plasma Aβ42 as a Biomarker of Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease Progression in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from the PharmaCog/E-ADNI Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:37-48. [PMID: 30149449 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is an open issue whether blood biomarkers serve to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) or monitor its progression over time from prodromal stages. Here, we addressed this question starting from data of the European FP7 IMI-PharmaCog/E-ADNI longitudinal study in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients including biological, clinical, neuropsychological (e.g., ADAS-Cog13), neuroimaging, and electroencephalographic measures. PharmaCog/E-ADNI patients were classified as "positive" (i.e., "prodromal AD" n = 76) or "negative" (n = 52) based on a diagnostic cut-off of Aβ42/P-tau in cerebrospinal fluid as well as APOE ε 4 genotype. Blood was sampled at baseline and at two follow-ups (12 and 18 months), when plasma amyloid peptide 42 and 40 (Aβ42, Aβ40) and apolipoprotein J (clusterin, CLU) were assessed. Linear Mixed Models found no significant differences in plasma molecules between the "positive" (i.e., prodromal AD) and "negative" groups at baseline. In contrast, plasma Aβ42 showed a greater reduction over time in the prodromal AD than the "negative" aMCI group (p = 0.048), while CLU and Aβ40 increased, but similarly in the two groups. Furthermore, plasma Aβ42 correlated with the ADAS-Cog13 score both in aMCI patients as a whole and the prodromal AD group alone. Finally, CLU correlated with the ADAS-Cog13 only in the whole aMCI group, and no association with ADAS-Cog13 was found for Aβ40. In conclusion, plasma Aβ42 showed disease progression-related features in aMCI patients with prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Unit of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Boeri
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Raimondi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- MR Lab Head, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome and Cassino, Rome and Cassino, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Lizio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Galluzzi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Libera Cavaliere
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mira Didic
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INS UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France.,APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, APHM Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | - Peter Schönknecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Germany
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease Unit and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierre Payoux
- INSERM, Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques UMR 825, Toulouse, France
| | - Luisella Bocchio
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, University eCampus, Novedrate (Como), Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- IRCCS SDN Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Department of Gerontology, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Policlinic A. Gemelli Foundation
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Neurologic Clinic, Medical School, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jill C Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Régis Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Aix Marseille University, UMR-CNRS 7289, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cheng YW, Chiu MJ, Chen YF, Cheng TW, Lai YM, Chen TF. The contribution of vascular risk factors in neurodegenerative disorders: from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:91. [PMID: 32753051 PMCID: PMC7401210 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Optimization of vascular risk factor control is emerging as an alternative approach to improve cognitive outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease, although its efficacy is still under debate. We aimed to investigate the contribution of vascular risk factors on Alzheimer’s biomarkers and conversion rate to dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with low cerebral small vessel disease burden. Methods Two hundred ninety-five newly diagnosed MCI subjects were enrolled from March 2005 to May 2017 for a cross-sectional assessment of vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s plasma and imaging biomarkers, followed by a cognitive outcome assessment 24 months after enrollment. The association between vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s biomarkers were tested using multivariable linear regression models adjusted with age, gender, education, and APOE ε4 allele. The association between vascular risk factors and conversion to dementia was tested using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted with age, gender, education, and baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Results At baseline, higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was associated with more advanced plasma biomarkers, including Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (P = 0.012) and tau level (P = 0.001). A history of hypertension was associated with more advanced white matter hyperintensity (P = 0.011), while statin therapy for dyslipidemia was associated with less advanced white matter hyperintensity (P = 0.002). At 24 months, individual vascular risk factor was not significantly associated with cognitive outcome. By contrast, statin therapy for dyslipidemia was associated with reduced conversion to dementia (adjusted OR = 0.191, 95% CI = 0.062~0.586, P = 0.004). Conclusions For MCI subjects, dyslipidemia may contribute to AD-related neurodegeneration while hypertension may contribute to vascular pathology. The association between statin therapy for dyslipidemia and reduced conversion to dementia supports further interventional study to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of statin in MCI subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Lai
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.
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Jiao F, Yi F, Wang Y, Zhang S, Guo Y, Du W, Gao Y, Ren J, Zhang H, Liu L, Song H, Wang L. The Validation of Multifactor Model of Plasma Aβ 42 and Total-Tau in Combination With MoCA for Diagnosing Probable Alzheimer Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:212. [PMID: 32792940 PMCID: PMC7385244 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) has an insidious onset and heterogeneous clinical symptoms. The well-accepted biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of AD include β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and pathologic tau level within cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and imaging AD pathology such as positive emission tomography (PET) imaging of the amyloid-binding agent Pittsburgh compound B (PET-PiB). However, the high expense and invasive nature of these methods highly limit their wide usage in clinic practice. Therefore, it is imperious to develop less expensive and invasive methods, and plasma biomarkers are the premium targets. In the current study, we utilized a single-blind comparison method; all the probable AD cases met the core clinical National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria and validated by PET-PiB. We used ultrasensitive immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assays to measure plasma Aβ42 and total-tau (t-tau) levels, in combination with different variables including Aβ42 × t-tau value, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used logistic regression to analyze the effect of all these variables in the algorism. Our results showed that (1) plasma Aβ42 and t-tau are efficient biomarkers for AD diagnosis using IMR platform, whereas Aβ42 × t-tau value is more efficient for discriminating control and AD; (2) in the control group, Aβ42 level and age demonstrated strong negative correlation; Aβ42 × t-tau value and age demonstrated significant negative correlation; (3) in the AD group, t-tau level and MMSE score demonstrated strong negative correlation; (4) using the model that Aβ42, Aβ42 × t-tau, and MoCA as the variable to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, cutoff value = 0.48, sensitivity = 0.973, specificity = 0.982, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.986, offered better categorical efficacy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC. The multifactor model of plasma Aβ42 and t-tau in combination with MoCA can be a viable model separate health and AD subjects in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Jiao
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, The 2nd Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff Department, Joint Staff of the Central Military Commission of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yi
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Lishilu Outpatient, Jingzhong Medical District, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shouzi Zhang
- The Psycho Department of Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Du
- Department of Neurology, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff Department, Joint Staff of the Central Military Commission of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- The Psycho Department of Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Luning Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, The 2nd Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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71
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Correlation between cognition and plasma noradrenaline level in Alzheimer's disease: a potential new blood marker of disease evolution. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:213. [PMID: 32620743 PMCID: PMC7335170 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence showing degeneration of the noradrenergic system in the locus coeruleus (LC) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has motivated great interest in noradrenaline (NA) as a potential brain hallmark of the disease. Despite the current exploration of blood markers for AD, the deregulation of the plasma NA concentration ([NA]plasma) in AD is currently not well understood. This retrospective study includes a cohort of 71 patients (32 AD patients, 22 with other dementia and 17 without dementia) who were given consultations for memory complaints in the Cognitive Neurology Center of Lariboisière (Paris) between 2009 and 2014. As previously described in brain tissue, we show for the first time a linear correlation between [NA]plasma and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in AD patients. We observed that high [NA]plasma in AD patients was associated with higher [Aβ1-42]CSF than in other AD patients with [NA]plasma similar to NC patients. In parallel, we observed a lower (p-Tau/Tau)CSF in AD patients with low [NA]plasma than in non-AD patients with [NA]plasma similar to [NA]plasma in NC patients. Our data suggest that [NA]plasma could be a potential biomarker of disease evolution in the context of AD and could possibly improve early diagnosis.
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72
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Singh PK, Chen ZL, Ghosh D, Strickland S, Norris EH. Increased plasma bradykinin level is associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's patients. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104833. [PMID: 32173555 PMCID: PMC7175647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of proteinaceous brain deposits, brain atrophy, vascular dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Along with cerebral inflammation, peripheral inflammation is also evident in many AD patients. Bradykinin, a proinflammatory plasma peptide, is also linked to AD pathology. For example, bradykinin infusion into the hippocampus causes learning and memory deficits in rats, and blockade of the bradykinin receptor lessens cognitive impairment in AD mouse models. Even though it has been hypothesized that plasma bradykinin could contribute to inflammation in AD, the level of plasma bradykinin and its association with beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in AD patients had not been explored. Here, we assessed plasma bradykinin levels in AD patients and age-matched non-demented (ND) control individuals. We found significantly elevated plasma bradykinin levels in AD patients compared to ND subjects. Additionally, changes in plasma bradykinin levels were more profound in many AD patients with severe cognitive impairment, suggesting that peripheral bradykinin could play a role in dementia most likely via inflammation. Bradykinin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were reduced in AD patients and exhibited an inverse correlation with the CSF Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio. We also report that bradykinin interacts with the fibrillar form of Aβ and co-localizes with Aβ plaques in the post-mortem human AD brain. These findings connect the peripheral inflammatory pathway to cerebral abnormalities and identify a novel mechanism of inflammatory pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, WolfgangPauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erin H Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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73
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Masters CL. Major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: age and genetics. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:475-476. [PMID: 32470411 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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74
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Nguyen TT, Ta QTH, Nguyen TKO, Nguyen TTD, Vo VG. Role of Body-Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050326. [PMID: 32443860 PMCID: PMC7277970 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that requires extremely specific biomarkers for its diagnosis. For current diagnostics capable of identifying AD, the development and validation of early stage biomarkers is a top research priority. Body-fluid biomarkers might closely reflect synaptic dysfunction in the brain and, thereby, could contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy and monitoring disease progression, and serve as markers for assessing the response to disease-modifying therapies at early onset. Here, we highlight current advances in the research on the capabilities of body-fluid biomarkers and their role in AD pathology. Then, we describe and discuss current applications of the potential biomarkers in clinical diagnostics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Qui Thanh Hoai Ta
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Kim Oanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Thuy Dung Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (T.T.D.N.); (V.G.V.)
| | - Van Giau Vo
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea
- Department of BionanoTechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.T.D.N.); (V.G.V.)
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75
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Future avenues for Alzheimer's disease detection and therapy: liquid biopsy, intracellular signaling modulation, systems pharmacology drug discovery. Neuropharmacology 2020; 185:108081. [PMID: 32407924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
When Alzheimer's disease (AD) disease-modifying therapies will be available, global healthcare systems will be challenged by a large-scale demand for clinical and biological screening. Validation and qualification of globally accessible, minimally-invasive, and time-, cost-saving blood-based biomarkers need to be advanced. Novel pathophysiological mechanisms (and related candidate biomarkers) - including neuroinflammation pathways (TREM2 and YKL-40), axonal degeneration (neurofilament light chain protein), synaptic dysfunction (neurogranin, synaptotagmin, α-synuclein, and SNAP-25) - may be integrated into an expanding pathophysiological and biomarker matrix and, ultimately, integrated into a comprehensive blood-based liquid biopsy, aligned with the evolving ATN + classification system and the precision medicine paradigm. Liquid biopsy-based diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are increasingly employed in Oncology disease-modifying therapies and medical practice, showing an enormous potential for AD and other brain diseases as well. For AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, newly identified aberrant molecular pathways have been identified as suitable therapeutic targets and are currently investigated by academia/industry-led R&D programs, including the nerve-growth factor pathway in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, the sigma1 receptor, and the GTPases of the Rho family. Evidence for a clinical long-term effect on cognitive function and brain health span of cholinergic compounds, drug candidates for repositioning programs, and non-pharmacological multidomain interventions (nutrition, cognitive training, and physical activity) is developing as well. Ultimately, novel pharmacological paradigms, such as quantitative systems pharmacology-based integrative/explorative approaches, are gaining momentum to optimize drug discovery and accomplish effective pathway-based strategies for precision medicine. This article is part of the special issue on 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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76
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Peña-Bautista C, Baquero M, López-Nogueroles M, Vento M, Hervás D, Cháfer-Pericás C. Isoprostanoids Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Do Not Reflect Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050407. [PMID: 32397687 PMCID: PMC7278667 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed a relationship between lipid oxidation biomarkers from plasma samples and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), constituting a promising diagnostic tool. In this work we analyzed whether these plasma biomarkers could reflect specific brain oxidation in AD. In this work lipid peroxidation compounds were determined in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AD and non-AD (including other neurological pathologies) participants, by means of an analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis evaluated correlations between biological matrices. The results did not show satisfactory correlations between plasma and CSF samples for any of the studied lipid peroxidation biomarkers (isoprostanes, neuroprostanes, prostaglandines, dihomo-isoprostanes). However, some of the analytes showed correlations with specific CSF biomarkers for AD and with neuropsychological tests (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS)). In conclusion, lipid peroxidation biomarkers in CSF samples do not reflect their levels in plasma samples, and no significant differences were observed between participant groups. However, some of the analytes could be useful as cognitive decline biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Peña-Bautista
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (M.V.)
| | - Miguel Baquero
- Neurology Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (M.V.)
| | - David Hervás
- Biostatistical Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.P.-B.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-124-67-21
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77
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Wang P, Lin K, Liu H, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Yang S. Plasma pyroglutamate-modified amyloid beta differentiates amyloid pathology. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12029. [PMID: 32363230 PMCID: PMC7191392 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid β (AβpE3) could be a biomarker for Aβ plaque pathology in the brain. An ultra-high-sensitive assay is needed for detecting AβpE3-40. METHODS Immunomagnetic reduction was used for quantification of AβpE3-40 in plasma from 46 participants. The concentrations of AβpE3-40 of these subjects were compared with 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) images. RESULTS AβpE3-40 concentration was 44.1 ± 28.2 fg/mL in PET- (n = 28) and 91.6 ± 54.6 fg/mL in PET+ (n = 18; P < .05). The cutoff value of AβpE3-40 for discriminating PET- from PET+ was 55.5 fg/mL, resulting in a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity of 71.4%. The concentration of AβpE3-40 showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.437) with PET standardized uptake value ratio. DISCUSSION We did not enroll pre-clinical AD subject with normal cognition but Aβ PET+. It would be an important issue to explore the feasibility of using AβpE3-40 for screening pre-clinical subjects. CONCLUSION These results reveal the feasibility of detecting Aβ pathology using quantification of a plaque-derived Aβ molecule in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Ning Wang
- Department of NeurologyNeurological InstituteTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Brain Research CenterNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kun‐Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging CenterLinkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTao‐YuanTaiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | | | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - Shieh‐Yueh Yang
- MagQu Co., Ltd.New Taipei CityTaiwan
- MagQu LLCSurpriseArizonaUSA
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78
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Liu HC, Chiu MJ, Lin CH, Yang SY. Stability of Plasma Amyloid-β 1-40, Amyloid-β 1-42, and Total Tau Protein over Repeated Freeze/Thaw Cycles. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2020; 10:46-55. [PMID: 32308667 PMCID: PMC7154287 DOI: 10.1159/000506278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have attracted much attention of researchers in recent years. In clinical studies, repeated freeze/thaw cycles often occur and may influence the stability of biomarkers. This study aims to investigate the stability of amyloid-β 1–40 (Aβ<sub>1–40</sub>), amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ<sub>1–42</sub>), and total tau protein (T-tau) in plasma over freeze/thaw cycles. Methods Plasma samples from healthy controls (n = 2), AD patients (AD, n =3) and Parkinson's disease patients (PD, n = 3) were collected by standardized procedure and immediately frozen at −80°C. Samples underwent 5 freeze/thaw (−80°C/room temperature) cycles. The concentrations of Aβ<sub>1–40</sub>, Aβ<sub>1–42</sub>, and T-tau were monitored during the freeze/thaw tests using an immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay. The relative percentage of concentrations after every freeze/thaw cycle was calculated for each biomarker. Results A tendency of decrease in the averaged relative percentages over samples through the freeze and thaw cycles for Aβ<sub>1–40</sub> (100 to 97.11%), Aβ<sub>1–42</sub> (100 to 94.99%), and T-tau (100 to 95.65%) was found. However, the decreases were less than 6%. For all three biomarkers, no statistical significance was found between the levels of fresh plasma and those of the plasma experiencing 5 freeze/thaw cycles (p > 0.1). Conclusions Plasma Aβ<sub>1–40</sub>, Aβ<sub>1–42</sub>, and T-tau are stable through 5 freeze/thaw cycles measured with IMR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shieh-Yueh Yang
- MagQu Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan.,MagQu LLC, Surprise, Arizona, USA
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79
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Chiu MJ, Chen TF, Hu CJ, Yan SH, Sun Y, Liu BH, Chang YT, Yang CC, Yang SY. Nanoparticle-based immunomagnetic assay of plasma biomarkers for differentiating dementia and prodromal states of Alzheimer's disease - A cross-validation study. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102182. [PMID: 32222476 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blood-based biomarker assays of plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau have the advantages of cost-effective and less invasive for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used two independent cohorts to cross-validate the clinical use of the nanoparticle-based immunomagnetic assay of plasma biomarkers to assist in the differential diagnosis of early AD. There were in total 160 subjects in the derivation cohort, and 242 in the validation cohort both containing controls, mild cognitive impairment due to AD and AD dementia diagnosed according to the 2011 NIA-AA guidelines. The cutoff value for plasma Aβ1-42 (16.4 pg/ml) performed the best in differentiating between controls and patients with prodromal or clinical AD, with 92.5% for positive percent agreement (PPA), negative percent agreement (NPA), and overall rate of agreement (ORA). Aβ1-42 × tau (642.58) was useful for separating patients with dementia and prodromal states of AD, with 84.9% PPA, 78.8% NPA and 83% ORA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University of Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University of Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Hing Yan
- Department of Neurology, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University of Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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80
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Wang HC, Liu NY, Zhang S, Yang Y, Wang ZY, Wei Y, Liu JG, Pei H, Li H. Clinical Experience in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease with Jiannao Yizhi Formula () and Routine Western Medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:212-218. [PMID: 32180150 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-2718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the long-term therapeutic effects of the Chinese medicine Jiannao Yizhi Formula (, JYF) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Sixty mild-to-moderate AD participants were recruited and randomly allocated to the treatment (30 with JYF) and the control groups (30 with donepezil) for 6 months with the random numbers. The primary outcomes were scores of Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) and Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (CM-SS). The secondary outcomes were scores of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Safety assessments were conducted at baseline and the 6th month of treatment. Serum levels of acetylcholine (Ach), amyloid-β protein 42 (Aβ42), and the microtubule-associated protein tau (Tau) were also determined by enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Fifty-one participants were included in the final analyses (JYF n=27; donepezil n=24). Compared with baseline, both JYF and donepezil increased the MoCA and MMSE scores and decreased the ADAS-Cog and CM-SS scores (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Both drugs increased the serum levels of Ach and decreased the serum levels of Aβ42 and Tau (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in these variables between the two groups, which showed that JYF was not inferior to donepezil. No obviously significant changes were observed in the ADL. No severe adverse events were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION The effect and safety of JYF for the treatment of AD were not inferior to those of donepezil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chan Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nan-Yang Liu
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Gang Liu
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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81
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Obrocki P, Khatun A, Ness D, Senkevich K, Hanrieder J, Capraro F, Mattsson N, Andreasson U, Portelius E, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Schöll M, Paterson RW, Schott JM, Zetterberg H. Perspectives in fluid biomarkers in neurodegeneration from the 2019 biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases course-a joint PhD student course at University College London and University of Gothenburg. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:20. [PMID: 32111242 PMCID: PMC7049194 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Until relatively recently, a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders was principally based on clinical presentation, with post-mortem examination remaining a gold standard for disease confirmation. This is in sharp contrast to other areas of medicine, where fluid biomarkers, such as troponin levels in myocardial infarction, form an integral part of the diagnostic and treatment criteria. There is a pressing need for such quantifiable and easily accessible tools in neurodegenerative diseases.In this paper, based on lectures given at the 2019 Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases Course, we provide an overview of a range of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders, including the 'core' AD biomarkers amyloid β (Aβ) and tau, as well as other disease-specific and general markers of neuroaxonal injury. We then highlight the main challenges in the field, and how those could be overcome with the aid of new methodological advances, such as assay automation, mass spectrometry and ultrasensitive immunoassays.As we hopefully move towards an era of disease-modifying treatments, reliable biomarkers will be essential to increase diagnostic accuracy, allow for earlier diagnosis, better participant selection and disease activity and treatment effect monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Obrocki
- Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Ayesha Khatun
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Deborah Ness
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantin Senkevich
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Federica Capraro
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ross W Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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82
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Wang X, Sun Y, Li T, Cai Y, Han Y. Amyloid-β as a Blood Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Recent Literature. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:819-832. [PMID: 31868667 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Taoran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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83
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Furman R, Ng SCW, Komatsu H, Axelsen PH. Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Assay of Whole and CNBr-Cleaved Amyloid-β Peptides in Human Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:1637-1645. [PMID: 31958092 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Various amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides accumulate in brain in Alzheimer's disease, and the amounts of specific peptide variants may have pathological significance. The quantitative determination of these variants is challenging because losses inevitably occur during tissue processing and analysis. This report describes the use of stable-isotope-labeled Aβ peptides as internal standards for quantitative mass spectrometric assays, and the use of cyanogen bromide (CNBr) to remove C-terminal residues beyond Met35. The removal of residues beyond Met35 reduces losses due to aggregation, and facilitates the detection of post-translationally modified Aβ peptides. Results from 8 human brain samples suggest that the tissue concentrations of the 42-residue Aβ peptide tend to be similar in different patients. Concentrations of the 40-residue Aβ peptide are more variable, and may be greater or lesser than the 42-residue peptide. The concentration of the CNBr cleavage product closely matches the sum of the 40-residue and 42-residue peptide concentrations, indicating that these two Aβ peptides account for most of the C-terminal variants in these patients. CNBr treatment facilitated the detection of post-translational modifications such as pyroglutamyl and hexose-modified Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Furman
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon C W Ng
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Komatsu
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul H Axelsen
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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84
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Kwak DE, Ko T, Koh HS, Ji YW, Shin J, Kim K, Kim HY, Lee HK, Kim Y. Alterations of aqueous humor Aβ levels in Aβ-infused and transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227618. [PMID: 31923257 PMCID: PMC6953883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an ageing-related neurodegenerative disease characterized and diagnosed by deposition of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain. The plaque accumulation in the brain directly affects reduced levels of Aβ in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, as Aβ can freely transport the blood-brain barrier, and clinical investigations have suggested these two biofluids as promising samples for in vitro diagnosis. Given that the human eye structurally resembles the brain and Aβ accumulation often observed in the ocular region of AD patients, in this study, we examined aqueous humor Aβ as another possible surrogate biomarker. First, using the acute Aβ-infused AD mouse model by injecting Aβ to the CSF in intracerebroventricular region of normal ICR mice, we investigated whether Aβ concentration in the aqueous humor in AD models is positively correlated with the concentration in the CSF. Then, we examined the correlation of aqueous humor Aβ levels with increased plaque deposition in the brain and reduced Aβ levels in both CSF and blood in adult and aged 5XFAD Alzheimer transgenic mice. Collectively, the synthetic Aβ injected into CSF immediately migrate to the aqueous humor, however, the age-dependently reducing pattern of Aβ levels in CSF and blood was not observed in the aqueous humor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seok Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HKL); (YSK)
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HKL); (YSK)
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85
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Simrén J, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. An update on fluid biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases: recent success and challenges ahead. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 61:29-39. [PMID: 31838254 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, the characterization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has progressed from a description of clinical symptomatology followed by neuropathological findings at autopsy to in vivo pathophysiological signatures using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET). Additionally, CSF biomarkers now reflect synaptic pathology, axonal injury and neuroinflammation. Novel techniques are capable of measuring proteins of pathophysiological importance at femtomolar concentrations in blood (e.g. amyloid, tau species and neurofilaments), which enable screening of large populations in the near future. This will be essential for secondary prevention trials and clinical management. However, common diseases such as dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease and frontotemporal dementias, are still without reliable diagnostic biomarkers, although emerging techniques show promising pilot results for some of these diseases. This is likely to change in the next few years, which will be crucial to stratify populations enrolling in clinical trials, since pathologies often coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Simrén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.
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86
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Lue LF, Kuo YM, Sabbagh M. Advance in Plasma AD Core Biomarker Development: Current Findings from Immunomagnetic Reduction-Based SQUID Technology. Neurol Ther 2019; 8:95-111. [PMID: 31833027 PMCID: PMC6908530 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-019-00167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New super-sensitive biomarker assay platforms for measuring Alzheimer's disease (AD) core pathological markers in plasma have recently been developed and tested. Research findings from these technologies offer promising evidence for identifying the earliest stages of AD and correlating them with brain pathological progression. Here, we review findings using immunomagnetic reduction, one of these ultrasensitive technologies. The principles, technology and assays developed, along with selected published findings will be discussed. The major findings from this technology were significant increases of amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 and total tau (t-tau) levels in subjects clinically diagnosed with early AD when compared with cognitively normal control (NC) subjects. The composite marker of the product of Aβ42 and t-tau discriminated subjects with early AD from NC subjects with high accuracy. The potential of this technology for the purpose of early or preclinical disease stage detection has yet to be explored in subjects who have also been assessed with brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid AD core biomarker measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Fen Lue
- Civin Neuropathology Laboratory, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 West Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical School, 1 Dasyue Road, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Marwan Sabbagh
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV, 89106, USA
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87
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Abstract
The development of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology as tools for screening the general population, and as the first step in a multistep process to determine which non-demented individuals are at greatest risk of developing AD dementia, is essential. Proteins that are reflective of AD pathology, such as amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), tau proteins [total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau)], and neurofilament light chain (NfL), are detectable in the blood. However, a major challenge in measuring these blood-based proteins is that their concentrations are much lower in plasma or serum than in the cerebrospinal fluid. Single molecule array (SiMoA) is an ultrasensitive technology that can detect proteins in blood at sub-femtomolar concentrations (i.e., 10-16 M). In this review, we focus on the utility of SiMoA assays for the measurement of plasma or serum Aβ42, P-tau, T-tau, and NfL levels and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Li
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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88
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Lue LF, Pai MC, Chen TF, Hu CJ, Huang LK, Lin WC, Wu CC, Jeng JS, Blennow K, Sabbagh MN, Yan SH, Wang PN, Yang SY, Hatsuta H, Morimoto S, Takeda A, Itoh Y, Liu J, Xie H, Chiu MJ. Corrigendum: Age-Dependent Relationship Between Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 and Total Tau Levels in Cognitively Normal Subjects. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:292. [PMID: 31754353 PMCID: PMC6856676 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Fen Lue
- Civin Neuropathology Laboratory, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
| | - Ming-Chyi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Shing Jeng
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Sui-Hing Yan
- Department of Neurology, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shieh-Yueh Yang
- MagQu Company Limited, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,MagQu LLC, Surprise, AZ, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Hatsuta
- Hatsuta Neurology Clinic, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Hatsuta Neurology Clinic, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Itoh
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Liu
- Departemnt of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqun Xie
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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89
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Shen L, Xia S, Zhang H, Yao F, Liu X, Zhao Y, Ying M, Iqbal J, Liu Q. Precision Medicine: Role of Biomarkers in Early Prediction and Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Med 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.82035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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90
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Tsai CL, Liang CS, Lee JT, Su MW, Lin CC, Chu HT, Tsai CK, Lin GY, Lin YK, Yang FC. Associations between Plasma Biomarkers and Cognition in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111893. [PMID: 31698867 PMCID: PMC6912664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain degeneration in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) results from the accumulation of pathological amyloid- (Aβ) plaques and tau protein tangles, leading to altered plasma levels of biomarkers. However, few studies have investigated the association between plasma biomarkers and cognitive impairment in patients with AD. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated correlations between mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores and levels of plasma biomarkers in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD. Thirteen individuals with normal cognition, 40 patients with aMCI, and 37 patients with AD were enrolled. Immunomagnetic reduction was used to assess the levels of plasma biomarkers, including amyloid A1-40, A1-42, total tau protein (t-Tau), and phosphorylated tau protein (threonine 181, p-Tau181). Our analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between MMSE and both measures of tau, and a trend toward negative correlation between MMSE and A1-42. In a longitudinal study involving three patients with aMCI and two patients with AD, we observed strong negative correlations (r < -0.8) between changes in MMSE scores and plasma levels of t-Tau. Our results suggest that plasma levels of t-Tau and p-Tau181 can be used to assess the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with AD. Furthermore, the results of our preliminary longitudinal study suggest that levels of t-Tau can be used to monitor the progression of cognitive decline in patients with aMCI/AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Tay Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Te Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-879-233-11; Fax: +886-2-879-271-74
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91
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Lue LF, Pai MC, Chen TF, Hu CJ, Huang LK, Lin WC, Wu CC, Jeng JS, Blennow K, Sabbagh MN, Yan SH, Wang PN, Yang SY, Hatsuta H, Morimoto S, Takeda A, Itoh Y, Liu J, Xie H, Chiu MJ. Age-Dependent Relationship Between Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 and Total Tau Levels in Cognitively Normal Subjects. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:222. [PMID: 31551751 PMCID: PMC6734161 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the constituents of these hallmarks, amyloid beta (Aβ) 40, Aβ42, and total Tau (t-Tau), have been detected in the blood of cognitively normal subjects by using an immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay. Whether these levels are age-dependent is not known, and their interrelation remains undefined. We determined the levels of these biomarkers in cognitively normal subjects of different age groups. A total of 391 cognitively normal subjects aged 23–91 were enrolled from hospitals in Asia, Europe, and North America. Healthy cognition was evaluated by NIA-AA guidelines to exclude subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD and by cognitive assessment using the Mini Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). We examined the effect of age on plasma levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, and t-Tau and the relationship between these biomarkers during aging. Additionally, we explored age-related reference intervals for each biomarker. Plasma t-Tau and Aβ42 levels had modest but significant correlations with chronological age (r = 0.127, p = 0.0120 for t-Tau; r = −0.126, p = 0.0128 for Aβ42), ranging from ages 23 to 91. Significant positive correlations were detected between Aβ42 and t-Tau in the groups aged 50 years and older, with Rho values ranging from 0.249 to 0.474. Significant negative correlations were detected between Aβ40 and t-Tau from age 40 to 91 (r ranged from −0.293 to −0.582) and between Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the age groups of 30–39 (r = −0.562, p = 0.0235), 50–59 (r = −0.261, p = 0.0142), 60–69 (r = −0.303, p = 0.0004), and 80–91 (r = 0.459, p = 0.0083). We also provided age-related reference intervals for each biomarker. In this multicenter study, age had weak but significant effects on the levels of Aβ42 and t-Tau in plasma. However, the age group defined by decade revealed the emergence of a relationship between Aβ40, Aβ42, and t-Tau in the 6th and 7th decades. Validation of our findings in a large-scale and longitudinal study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Fen Lue
- Civin Neuropathology Laboratory, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
| | - Ming-Chyi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Shing Jeng
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Sui-Hing Yan
- Department of Neurology, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shieh-Yueh Yang
- MagQu Company Limited, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,MagQu LLC, Surprise, AZ, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Hatsuta
- Hatsuta Neurology Clinic, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Hatsuta Neurology Clinic, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Itoh
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Liu
- Departemnt of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqun Xie
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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92
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Vogelgsang J, Wiltfang J. [New biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in cerebrospinal fluid and blood]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 90:907-913. [PMID: 31407045 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-0772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with the current German dementia guidelines, the dementia biomarkers amyloid beta 42, the tau peptides total tau and phosphorylated tau 181 are recommended for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based diagnostics of dementia. Several studies have clearly shown that determination of the amyloid beta 42 to amyloid beta 40 peptide ratio is superior to the interpretation of amyloid beta 42 alone and should be implemented in the clinical work-up; however, in recent years different studies have presented many other innovative CSF and blood-based biomarkers. Besides CSF-based neurochemical diagnostics of dementia promising novel protocols for the detection of amyloid beta peptides in blood have meanwhile been published, which can currently be used in clinical studies for blood-based early diagnostics of Alzheimer's dementia. Following further validation and assay optimization these blood assays should be available for routine diagnostics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG), Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland. .,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland. .,iBiMED, Medical Science Department, Universität Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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93
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Risacher SL, Fandos N, Romero J, Sherriff I, Pesini P, Saykin AJ, Apostolova LG. Plasma amyloid beta levels are associated with cerebral amyloid and tau deposition. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:510-519. [PMID: 31384662 PMCID: PMC6661419 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We investigated the relationship of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) with cerebral deposition of Aβ and tau on positron emission tomography (PET). Methods Forty-four participants (18 cognitively normal older adults [CN], 10 mild cognitive impairment, 16 Alzheimer's disease [AD]) underwent amyloid PET and a blood draw. Free and total plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 were assessed using a validated assay. Thirty-seven participants (17 CN, 8 mild cognitive impairment, 12 AD) also underwent a [18F]flortaucipir scan. Scans were preprocessed by standard techniques, and mean global and regional amyloid and tau values were extracted. Free Aβ42/Aβ40 (Aβ F42:F40) and total Aβ42/Aβ40 (Aβ T42:T40) were evaluated for differences by diagnosis and relation to PET Aβ positivity. Relationships between these measures and cerebral Aβ and tau on both regional and voxel-wise basis were also evaluated. Results Lower Aβ T42:T40 was associated with diagnosis and PET Aβ positivity. Lower plasma Aβ T42:T40 ratios predicted cerebral Aβ positivity, both across the full sample and in CN only. Finally, lower plasma Aβ T42:T40 ratios were associated with increased cortical Aβ and tau in AD-related regions on both regional and voxel-wise analyses. Discussion Plasma Aβ measures may be useful biomarkers for predicting cerebral Aβ and tau. Additional studies in larger samples are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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94
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Vergallo A, Mégret L, Lista S, Cavedo E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Vanmechelen E, De Vos A, Habert M, Potier M, Dubois B, Neri C, Hampel H. Plasma amyloid β 40/42 ratio predicts cerebral amyloidosis in cognitively normal individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:764-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne UniversityGRC no 21Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM)AP‐HPPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalBoulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM)INSERM U 1127CNRS UMR 7225Boulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A)Department of NeurologyPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalAP‐HPBoulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
| | - Lucile Mégret
- Sorbonnes UniversitéCNRS UMR 8256INSERM ERL U1164Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative diseases and Aging (Brain‐C)ParisFrance
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne UniversityGRC no 21Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM)AP‐HPPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalBoulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM)INSERM U 1127CNRS UMR 7225Boulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A)Department of NeurologyPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalAP‐HPBoulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- Sorbonne UniversityGRC no 21Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM)AP‐HPPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalBoulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM)INSERM U 1127CNRS UMR 7225Boulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A)Department of NeurologyPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalAP‐HPBoulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyDepartment of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Molecular NeuroscienceUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteLondonUK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyDepartment of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | | | | | - Marie‐Odile Habert
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSINSERMLaboratoire d'Imagerie BiomédicaleParisFrance
- Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des ImagesParisFrance
- AP‐HPHôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreDépartement de Médecine NucléaireParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Claude Potier
- ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreCNRS UMR7225INSERM U1127UPMCHôpital de la Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne UniversityGRC no 21Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM)AP‐HPPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalBoulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM)INSERM U 1127CNRS UMR 7225Boulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A)Department of NeurologyPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalAP‐HPBoulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
| | - Christian Neri
- Sorbonnes UniversitéCNRS UMR 8256INSERM ERL U1164Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative diseases and Aging (Brain‐C)ParisFrance
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne UniversityGRC no 21Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM)AP‐HPPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalBoulevard de l'hôpitalParisFrance
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95
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Rózga M, Bittner T, Batrla R, Karl J. Preanalytical sample handling recommendations for Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2019; 11:291-300. [PMID: 30984815 PMCID: PMC6446057 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We examined the influence of common preanalytical factors on the measurement of Alzheimer's disease-specific biomarkers in human plasma. Methods Amyloid β peptides (Aβ[1-40], Aβ[1-42]) and total Tau plasma concentrations were quantified using fully automated Roche Elecsys assays. Results Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42), and total Tau plasma concentrations were not affected by up to three freeze/thaw cycles, up to five tube transfers, the collection tube material, or the size; circadian rhythm had a minor effect. All three biomarkers were influenced by the anticoagulant used, particularly total Tau. Aβ concentrations began decreasing 1 hour after blood draw/before centrifugation and decreased by up to 5% and 10% at 2 and 6 hours, respectively. For separated plasma, time to measurement influenced Aβ levels by up to 7% after 6 hours and 10% after 24 hours. Discussion Our findings provide guidance for standardizing blood sample collection, handling, and storage to ensure reliable analysis of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers in routine practice and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rózga
- Research and Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bittner
- gRED OMNI-BD, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Batrla
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Johann Karl
- Research and Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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96
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Alexopoulos P, Thierjung N, Economou P, Werle L, Buhl F, Kagerbauer S, Papanastasiou AD, Grimmer T, Gourzis P, Berthele A, Hemmer B, Kübler H, Martin J, Politis A, Perneczky R. Plasma Levels of Soluble AβPPβ as a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease with Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 69:83-90. [PMID: 30909232 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cost- and time-effective markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), reliable and feasible at the population level are urgently needed. Soluble amyloid-β protein precursor β (sAβPPβ) in plasma has attracted scientific attention as a potential AD biomarker candidate. Here we report that plasma sAβPPβ levels in patients with AD dementia and typical for AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profiles (N = 33) are significantly lower (p < 0.01) than those of cognitively healthy elderly individuals without AD (N = 39), while CSF sAβPPβ levels did not differ between the studied groups. This provides further evidence for the potential of sAβPPβ in plasma as an AD biomarker candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Rion, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nathalie Thierjung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Polychronis Economou
- Department of Civil Engineering (Statistics), University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Lukas Werle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Buhl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Kagerbauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Papanastasiou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippos Gourzis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Rion, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Achim Berthele
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hubert Kübler
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Martin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonios Politis
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, USA
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
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97
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Nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin with neprilysin and p-Tau antibodies induces superior neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:145-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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98
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Zetterberg H. Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease-An update. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 319:2-6. [PMID: 30352211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are in clinical use in many parts of the world and show good to excellent diagnostic accuracy in regards to identifying cerebral amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathology irrespective of the clinical stage of the disease. However, CSF sampling is more difficult than a blood draw and a procedure only rarely performed by general practitioners. Since AD is such a common disease and since intense research on novel treatments that hopefully will be directed against underlying pathologies is moving forward, it would be excellent if the CSF tests for AD could be transformed into blood tests, as well as if novel blood biomarkers could be discovered. Brain-derived molecules are, however, present at much lower concentrations in blood than in CSF, which poses an analytical challenge. There are also additional issues with blood as a biofluid in which to measure biomarkers for central nervous system disease. Nevertheless, the past few years have seen an enormous development in the field of ultrasensitive measurement techniques. There is also much better availability of deeply phenotyped clinical cohorts for biomarker discovery and validation. This review gives an updated account of the current state of research on blood biomarkers for AD and related neurodegenerative dementias with special emphasis on findings that have been replicated by more than one research group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.
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