51
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Payne JA, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Ellestad LE. Delayed access to feed alters expression of genes associated with carbohydrate and amino acid utilization in newly hatched broiler chicks. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R864-R878. [PMID: 31596116 PMCID: PMC6962625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00117.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Newly hatched chicks must transition from lipid-rich yolk to carbohydrate-rich feed as their primary nutrient source, and posthatch delays in access to feed can have long-term negative consequences on growth and metabolism. In this study, impacts of delayed access to feed at hatch on expression of genes related to nutrient uptake and utilization in two metabolically important tissues, liver and muscle, were determined in broiler (meat-type) chickens. Hatched chicks were given access to feed within 3 h (fed) or delayed access to feed for 48 h (delayed fed), and liver and breast muscle were collected from males at hatch and 4 h, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, and 8 days posthatch for analysis of gene expression. Differential expression of carbohydrate response element-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in muscle and liver was observed, with results indicating a transitional delay from lipid to carbohydrate metabolism when hatched chicks were not given immediate access to feed. Extended upregulation of insulin receptor mRNA was observed in both tissues in delayed fed birds, suggesting increased sensitivity to circulating levels of the hormone. Developmental delays in expression patterns of cationic amino acid transporters 1 and 2 in both tissues and large neutral amino acid transporter 1 in muscle were also apparent when immediate feed access was prevented. These data suggest that delayed transition to carbohydrate use and altered nutrient transport and utilization within liver and breast muscle are key factors negatively affecting growth and metabolism following delayed feed access in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Payne
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Northeast Area, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Laura E Ellestad
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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52
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Hormonal regulation of visfatin gene in avian Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 240:110592. [PMID: 31669171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Visfain has been extensively studied in mammals and has been shown to play an important role in obesity and insulin resistance. However, there is a paucity of information on visfatin regulation in non-mammalian species. After characterization of chicken visfatin gene, we undertook this study to determine its hormonal regulation in avian (non-mammalian) liver cells. Addition of 5 ng/mL TNFα, 100 ng/mL leptin, 1, 3, 10 or 100 ng/mL T3 for 24 h upregulated visfatin gene expression by 1.2, 1.8, 1.95, 1.75, 1.80, and 2.45 folds (P < .05), respectively, compared to untreated LMH cells. Administration of 10 ng/mL of orexin A significantly down regulated visfatin gene expression by 1.35 folds compared to control cells. In contrast, treatment with IL-6 or orexin B for 24 h did not influence visfatin mRNA abundance. These pro-inflammatory cytokines and obesity-related hormones modulate the expression of CRP, INSIG2, and nuclear orphan receptors. Hepatic CRP gene expression was significantly upregulated by IL-6, TNFα, orexin B, and T3 and down regulated by leptin and orexin A. LXR mRNA abundances were increased by orexin A, decreased by orexin B, and T3, and did not affected by IL6, TNFα, or leptin. The expression of FXR gene was induced by IL-6, leptin, and T3, but it was not influenced by TNFα, orexin A or B. CXR gene expression was up regulated by TNFα, leptin, orexin B, and T3, down regulated by 5 ng/mL orexin A, and did not affected by IL-6. INSIG2 mRNA levels were increased by TNFα (5 ng/mL), leptin (100 ng/mL), and T3 (1, 3, 10, and 100 ng/mL), decreased by orexin A, and remained unchanged with IL-6 or orexin B treatment. Together, this is the first report showing hormonal regulation of visfatin in avian hepatocyte cells and suggesting a potential role of CRP, INSIG2, and nuclear orphan receptor LXR, FXR, and CXR in mediating these hormonal effects.
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53
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Hao H, Lin R, Li Z, Shi W, Huang T, Niu J, Han J, Li Q. MC4R deficiency in pigs results in hyperphagia and ultimately hepatic steatosis without high-fat diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:651-656. [PMID: 31629472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R)-deficient mice had been used for several years to study human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, although liver pathologic and biochemical indicators have been examined, mice models do not always faithfully display the phenotype of the human disease. In this study, we investigated the MC4R knockout phenotype in miniature pigs. We found that pigs lacking MC4R exhibited hyperorexia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, disordered lipid metabolism and their livers accumulated significant amounts of fat. We have shown that deletion of MC4R results in hyperphagia and increased body fat, ultimately leading to hepatic steatosis without atherogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rutao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenshu Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianqin Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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54
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Mcleod
- Gleadthorpe Experimental Husbandry Farm Meden Vale, Mansfield, Notts, England
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55
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Nir I, Nitsan Z, Dunnington E, Siegel P. Aspects of food intake restriction in young domestic fowl: metabolic and genetic considerations. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps19960019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Nir
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Z. Nitsan
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - E.A. Dunnington
- Animal and Poultry Sciences Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0306, USA
| | - P.B. Siegel
- Animal and Poultry Sciences Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0306, USA
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56
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Affiliation(s)
- R.C. Noble
- Department of Nutrition and Microbiology, West of Scotland College of Agriculture, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK
| | - M. Cocchi
- Centro Ricerche sulla Nutrizione, Facolta di Medicine e Chirurgia, Universita di Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Turchetto
- Centro Ricerche sulla Nutrizione, Facolta di Medicine e Chirurgia, Universita di Bologna, Italy
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57
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Renema R, Robinson F. Defining normal: comparison of feed restriction and full feeding of female broiler breeders. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Renema
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T5G 2P5
| | - F.E. Robinson
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T5G 2P5
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58
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Meijering
- Spelderholt Institute for Poultry Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Beekbergen, The Netherlands
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59
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Leenstra FR. Effect of age, sex, genotype and environment on fat deposition in broiler chickens—A review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps19860002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. R. Leenstra
- Spelderholt Centre for Poultry Research and Extension, 7361 DA Beekbergen, The Netherlands
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60
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Implications of dietary macronutrients for growth and metabolism in broiler chickens. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933907001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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61
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Araújo PM, Viegas I, Rocha AD, Villegas A, Jones JG, Mendonça L, Ramos JA, Masero JA, Alves JA. Understanding how birds rebuild fat stores during migration: insights from an experimental study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10065. [PMID: 31296911 PMCID: PMC6624420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying fat accumulation for long-distance migration are not fully understood. This is especially relevant in the context of global change, as many migrants are dealing with changes in natural habitats and associated food sources and energy stores. The continental Black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa limosa is a long-distance migratory bird that has undergone a considerable dietary shift over the past few decades. Historically, godwits fed on an animal-based diet, but currently, during the non-breeding period godwits feed almost exclusively on rice seeds. The latter diet may allow building up of their fuel stores for migration by significantly increasing de novo lipogenesis (DNL) activity. Here, we performed an experiment to investigate lipid flux and the abundance of key enzymes involved in DNL in godwits, during fasting and refueling periods at the staging site, while feeding on rice seeds or fly larvae. Despite no significant differences found in enzymatic abundance (FASN, ME1, ACC and LPL) in stored fat, experimental godwits feeding on rice seeds presented high rates of DNL when compared to fly-larvae fed birds (~35 times more) and fasted godwits (no DNL activity). The increase of fractional DNL in godwits feeding on a carbohydrate-rich diet can potentially be enhanced by the fasting period that stimulates lipogenesis. Although requiring further testing, these recent findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of avian fat accumulation during a fasting and refueling cycle and associated responses to habitat and dietary changes in a migratory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Araújo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Ivan Viegas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004- 517, Portugal
- CEF - Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Afonso D Rocha
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3180-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Auxiliadora Villegas
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Área de Zoología, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - John G Jones
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004- 517, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004- 517, Portugal
| | - Jaime A Ramos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A Masero
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Área de Zoología, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José A Alves
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3180-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- University of Iceland, South Iceland Research Centre, Lindarbraut 4, IS-840, Laugarvatn, Iceland
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62
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Navarro-Villa A, Mica J, de los Mozos J, den Hartog L, García-Ruiz A. Nutritional Dietary Supplements to Reduce the Incidence of Fatty Liver Syndrome in Laying Hens and the Use of Spectrophotometry to Predict Liver Fat Content. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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63
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Zaefarian F, Abdollahi MR, Cowieson A, Ravindran V. Avian Liver: The Forgotten Organ. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9020063. [PMID: 30781411 PMCID: PMC6406855 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver is a multi-purpose organ, with involvement in bile secretion, and lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, as well as a number of other metabolic functions. This organ can adapt easily to changes in feed and the environment. Being at the centre of a number of digestive, metabolic and productive activities, it is essential to have a better understanding of this organ and the factors affecting liver functionality. Abstract Despite having huge responsibilities in avian species, published reports on the influence of dietary factors and other possible constraints on the size, development and function of liver are limited. Consideration of the factors that could influence and alter liver function is therefore of critical relevance. In the current review, aspects of liver structure and function, and the influence of feed restriction, anti-nutritional factors, structural components and feed additives on liver are discussed. Effects of feed technology techniques such as thermal treatment and pelleting, feed particle size and whole grain feeding on the liver are also reviewed. A discussion of lipogenesis and lipid storage in poultry is presented to provide a better understanding and to differentiate the normal pathways of lipid metabolism from abnormal (i.e., disordered) pathways. The liver is the main site of fat synthesis in poultry, but under certain conditions, excessive fat can accumulate in the liver and cause problems. Factors contributing to the fatty liver syndrome are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Zaefarian
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Aaron Cowieson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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64
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Peng M, He Q, Li S, Li L, Ma H. Integrated analysis of proteomics-delineated and metabolomics-delineated hepatic metabolic responses to (-)-hydroxycitric acid in chick embryos. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1258-1270. [PMID: 30317645 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid [(-)-HCA] is widely used as a nutritional supplement to control body weight and fat accumulation in animals and humans, whereas the underlying biochemical mechanism is unclear. Broiler chicken was used as a model for studies of obesity due to its natural hyperglycemia and being insulin resistant. The current study aimed to obtain a systematic view of serum metabolites and hepatic proteins and well understand the mechanism of hepatic metabolic response to (-)-HCA treatment in chick embryos. The results showed that 22, 90, and 82 of differentially expressed proteins were identified at E14d, E19d, and H1d in chick embryos treated with (-)-HCA, respectively. Meanwhile, 5, 83, and 88 of serum metabolites significantly changed at E14d, E19d, and H1d in chick embryos after (-)-HCA treatment. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the key proteins and metabolites, which were significantly altered in chick embryos treated with (-)-HCA, were mainly involved in the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. Our data indicated that (-)-HCA treatment might promote fat metabolism via regulating the key protein expression levels and metabolite contents in the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation during chicken embryonic development. These results will deepen our understanding of the mechanism of fat reduction by (-)-HCA and provide substantial information for (-)-HCA as a nutritional supplement to control body weight gain and curb obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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65
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Garcia ERM, Murakami AE, Ospina-Rojas IC, Guerra AFQG. Performance, meat quality and fatty acid profile of broiler chickens fed mixed semi-purified glycerin. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of mixed (animal and vegetable sources) semi-purified glycerin (MSPG) in broiler diets on performance, litter moisture, serum glycerol concentration, carcass and parts yields, meat quality, and the fatty acid profile. In total, 576 1-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomised design into four treatments (0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% dietary inclusion levels of MSPG, as-fed basis), with six replicate pens of 24 birds each. The apparent metabolisable energy corrected for nitrogen balance and energy metabolisability coefficient values of the MSPG were 12.33 MJ/kg DM and 81.61% respectively. There was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of the MSPG concentration on the performance, and carcass and parts yields or broiler meat-quality variables, except for thigh meat colour, in which the yellowness value (b*) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with an increasing inclusion level of MSPG. Litter moisture and serum glycerol increased linearly (P < 0.05) and the lipid profile of the thigh and drumstick meat of broilers at 42 days of age was slightly altered (P < 0.05) with an increasing MSPG. Mixed semi-purified glycerin can be used at up to 7.5% in broiler diets without impairing performance, meat quality, carcass and parts yields from 1 to 42 days of age. However, special attention should be paid to litter moisture.
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66
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Liu Y, Shen J, Yang X, Sun Q, Yang X. Folic Acid Reduced Triglycerides Deposition in Primary Chicken Hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13162-13172. [PMID: 30484310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal fat or fatty liver cause huge economic losses in the poultry industry, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also a global health issue in humans. More than 90% of de novo lipogenesis in humans and chickens is undertaken by the liver, which is proved to be full of lipids in new-born chickens. Folic acid was thought to have correlation with lipid metabolism. Primary hepatocytes from new-born chickens were employed as a natural model of early stage fatty liver in vitro and further to explore whether folic acid could prevent fatty liver in the current study. We found that folic acid addition reduced triglyceride deposition by suppressing de novo fatty acid synthesis and coordinately promoting triglyceride hydrolysis and exportation in primary chicken hepatocytes from new-born chickens. In addition, lipogenesis suppression was through the PI3K/AKT/SREBP pathway mediated by weakening insulin/IGF signal. Our data suggested that folic acid may be considered as a precautionary strategy for abdominal fat deposition in broilers or fatty liver in laying hens and humans. In addition, mechanism regulation also implied that an IGF2 inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor may be used for the NAFLD precautionary measure to reduce TG deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Jing Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
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67
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Abdalla BA, Li Z, Ouyang H, Jebessa E, Sun T, Yu JA, Cai B, Chen B, Nie Q, Zhang X. A Novel Dnmt3a1 Transcript Inhibits Adipogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1270. [PMID: 30333755 PMCID: PMC6176318 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups to specific CpG forms in DNA. In mammals, two variant transcripts of Dnmt3a have been successfully identified. To the best of our knowledge, no Dnmt3a transcripts in an avian have been successfully identified. This study was performed to detect different transcripts of Dnmt3a in chickens and to examine whether a novel Dnmt3a transcript named Dnmt3a1 may regulate adipogenesis. In addition to cloning, sequencing, transcript detection, and expression studies, a novel Dnmt3a1 transcript overexpression and knockdown were conducted to explore the potential role of Dnmt3a1 in preadipocyte proliferation and the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. In chicken abdominal fat tissue, we detected a novel Dnmt3a1 transcript that differs from Dnmt3a by lacking 23 amino acids at the exon-1/exon-2 border. Dnmt3a1 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in a variety of tissues or cells and highly expressed in chicken adipose tissue/cells. The expression of Dnmt3a1 was regulated under different physiological conditions including aging, fasting, and high-fat diet. In addition, overexpression of Dnmt3a1 significantly decreased preadipocyte proliferation and induced cell-cycle arrest while its inhibition increased cell proliferation and S-phase cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of Dnmt3a1 significantly upregulated the mRNA level of cell-cycle-related genes, such as CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CCNB3, CCND2, CCNG2, CDKN2B, and CDK9, or the protein level of CDKN1A, CDKN1B, and CCNG2. Conversely, the knockdown of Dnmt3a1 by siRNA had the opposite effects. Moreover, during early adipocyte differentiation, the overexpression of Dnmt3a1 significantly decreased the mRNA and the protein levels of PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, ADIPOR1, and STAT3, and the mRNA levels of FAS, LEPR, LPL, PRKAB2, and ATGL. In contrast, their expression was significantly increased after the knockdown of Dnmt3a1. Taken together, we identified a novel transcript of Dnmt3a, and it played a potential role in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareldin A Abdalla
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjia Ouyang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Endashaw Jebessa
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhao Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ao Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Mellouk N, Ramé C, Delaveau J, Rat C, Maurer E, Froment P, Dupont J. Adipokines expression profile in liver, adipose tissue and muscle during chicken embryo development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:146-156. [PMID: 29953882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In broiler chickens, the intense genetic selection for rapid growth has resulted in an increase in growth rate and fat deposition. Adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ that secretes a variety of factors including adipokines. However, the expression pattern of these adipokines is unclear in chicken embryo development. In the present study, we determined the expression profile of three novel adipokines, NAMPT, RARRES2 and ADIPOQ, and their cognate receptors in metabolic tissues (liver, muscles and adipose tissue) of chicken embryo/chicks from 15 days of incubation (E15) to hatching (D0). From E15 to hatching, embryos gradually gained weight and started to develop subcutaneous adipose tissue at E15. We conducted western blot and RT-qPCR tests and found that ADIPOQ expression increased over time and was positively correlated with adipose tissue weight. In addition, NAMPT expression increased only in muscles. By using a new homemade chicken RARRES2 specific antibody we showed that RARRES2 protein levels increased specifically at hatching in adipose tissue, liver and pectoralis major and this was associated with an increase in the weight of embryo. Taken together, these results support a potential involvement of adipokines in metabolic regulation during chicken embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namya Mellouk
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France; IFCE F, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France; IFCE F, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joël Delaveau
- INRA - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours, UEPEAT 1295, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christophe Rat
- INRA - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours, UEPEAT 1295, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Maurer
- Agro-Bio, 2 Allée de la Chavannerie, 45240 La Ferté Saint Aubin, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France; IFCE F, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041 Tours, France; IFCE F, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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69
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Abdalla BA, Chen J, Nie Q, Zhang X. Genomic Insights Into the Multiple Factors Controlling Abdominal Fat Deposition in a Chicken Model. Front Genet 2018; 9:262. [PMID: 30073018 PMCID: PMC6060281 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection for an increased growth rate in meat-type chickens has been accompanied by excessive fat accumulation particularly in abdominal cavity. These progressed to indirect and often unhealthy effects on meat quality properties and increased feed cost. Advances in genomics technology over recent years have led to the surprising discoveries that the genome is more complex than previously thought. Studies have identified multiple-genetic factors associated with abdominal fat deposition. Meanwhile, the obesity epidemic has focused attention on adipose tissue and the development of adipocytes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of genetic/epigenetic factors associated with abdominal fat deposition, or as it relates to the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes in chicken. The results discussed here have been identified by different genomic approaches, such as QTL-based studies, the candidate gene approach, epistatic interaction, copy number variation, single-nucleotide polymorphism screening, selection signature analysis, genome-wide association studies, RNA sequencing, and bisulfite sequencing. The studies mentioned in this review have described multiple-genetic factors involved in an abdominal fat deposition. Therefore, it is inevitable to further study the multiple-genetic factors in-depth to develop novel molecular markers or potential targets, which will provide promising applications for reducing abdominal fat deposition in meat-type chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareldin A. Abdalla
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, The Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, The Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, The Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, The Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, The Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, The Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, The Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, The Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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70
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Peng ML, Li SN, He QQ, Zhao JL, Li LL, Ma HT. Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1210-1219. [PMID: 29806083 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS-QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L-glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2-oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L-glutamine, L-isoleucine and L-leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S N Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Q He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J L Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L L Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H T Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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71
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Wang G, Kim WK, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Factors affecting adipose tissue development in chickens: A review. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3687-3699. [PMID: 28938790 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intense genetic selection for rapid growth in broilers has resulted in an increase in voluntary feed intake and growth rate, accompanied by increased fat deposition in adipose tissue depots throughout the body. Adipose tissue expansion is a result of the formation of adipocytes (several processes collectively referred to as adipogenesis) and cellular accumulation of triacylglycerols inside lipid droplets. In mammals, different anatomical depots are metabolically distinct. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying adipose tissue development have been characterized in mammalian models, whereas information in avian species is scarce. The purpose of this review is to describe factors regulating adipogenesis in chickens, with an emphasis on dietary factors and the broiler. Results from many studies have demonstrated effects of dietary nutrient composition on adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism. Transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α and β, and sterol regulatory element binding proteins orchestrate a series of cellular events that lead to an increase in activity of fatty acid transport proteins and enzymes that are responsible for triacylglycerol synthesis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying adipose tissue development may provide a practical strategy to affect body composition of the commercial broiler while providing insights on diets that maximize conversion into muscle rather than fat and affect depot-dependent deposition of lipids. Because of the propensity to overeat and become obese, the broiler chicken also represents an attractive biomedical model for eating disorders and obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
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72
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Liu Y, Wu S, Sun W, Chen S, Yang X, Yang X. Variation in proteomics and metabolomics of chicken hepatocytes exposed to medium with or without folic acid. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6113-6124. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Si Chen
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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73
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Peng M, Li S, He Q, Zhao J, Li L, Ma H. Proteomics reveals changes in hepatic proteins during chicken embryonic development: an alternative model to study human obesity. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:29. [PMID: 29310583 PMCID: PMC5759888 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken embryos are widely used as a model for studies of obesity; however, no detailed information is available about the dynamic changes of proteins during the regulation of adipose biology and metabolism. Thus, the present study used an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic approach to identify the changes in protein abundance at different stages of chicken embryonic development. RESULTS In this study, the abundances of 293 hepatic proteins in 19-day old of chicken embryos compared with 14-day old and 160 hepatic proteins at hatching compared with 19-day old embryos were significantly changed. Pathway analysis showed that fatty acid degradation (upregulated ACAA2, CPT1A, and ACOX1), protein folding (upregulated PDIs, CALR3, LMAN1, and UBQLN1) and gluconeogenesis (upregulated ACSS1, AKR1A1, ALDH3A2, ALDH7A1, and FBP2) were enhanced from embryonic day 14 (E14) to E19 of chicken embryo development. Analysis of the differentially abundant proteins indicated that glycolysis was not the main way to produce energy from E19 to hatching day during chicken embryo development. In addition, purine metabolism was enhanced, as deduced from increased IMPDH2, NT5C, PGM2, and XDH abundances, and the decrease of growth rate could be overcome by increasing the abundance of ribosomal proteins from E19 to the hatching day. CONCLUSION The levels of certain proteins were coordinated with each other to regulate the changes in metabolic pathways to satisfy the requirement for growth and development at different stages of chicken embryo development. Importantly, ACAA2, CPT1A, and ACOX1 might be key factors to control fat deposition during chicken embryonic development. These results provided information showing that chicken is a useful model to further investigate the mechanism of obesity and insulin resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qianian He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Mellouk N, Ramé C, Barbe A, Grandhaye J, Froment P, Dupont J. Chicken Is a Useful Model to Investigate the Role of Adipokines in Metabolic and Reproductive Diseases. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4579734. [PMID: 30018639 PMCID: PMC6029501 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4579734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is a complex and essential physiological process required by all species to produce a new generation. This process involves strict hormonal regulation, depending on a connection between the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and peripheral organs. Metabolic homeostasis influences the reproductive functions, and its alteration leads to disturbances in the reproductive functions of humans as well as animals. For a long time, adipose tissue has been recognised as an endocrine organ but its ability to secrete and release hormones called adipokines is now emerging. Adipokines have been found to play a major role in the regulation of metabolic and reproductive processes at both central and peripheral levels. Leptin was initially the first adipokine that has been described to be the most involved in the metabolism/reproduction interrelation in mammals. In avian species, the role of leptin is still under debate. Recently, three novel adipokines have been discovered: adiponectin (ADIPOQ, ACRP30), visfatin (NAMPT, PBEF), and chemerin (RARRES2, TIG2). However, their mode of action between mammalian and nonmammalian species is different due to the different reproductive and metabolic systems. Herein, we will provide an overview of the structure and function related to metabolic and reproductive mechanisms of the latter three adipokines with emphasis on avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namya Mellouk
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Alix Barbe
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Manganese influences the expression of fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme in cultured primary chicken hepatocytes. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:881-888. [PMID: 29173220 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of Mn source and concentration on the mRNA expression and enzymatic activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) in cultured primary broiler hepatocytes. In Expt 1, primary broiler hepatocytes were treated with 0 (control), 0·25, 0·50 or 0·75 mmol/l of Mn as inorganic manganese chloride (MnCl2.4H2O) for 24 and 48 h. In Expt 2, primary broiler hepatocytes were incubated with 0 (control), 0·25 or 0·50 mmol/l of Mn as either manganese chloride or Mn-amino acid chelate for 48 h. The mRNA levels and activities of FAS and ME in the hepatocytes were measured in Expts 1 and 2. The results in Expt 1 showed that only at 48 h mRNA expression levels of FAS and ME in the hepatocytes decreased linearly (P0·33) on any of the measured cellular parameters. The results suggested that Mn might reduce cell damage and regulate FAS and ME expression at a transcriptional level in primary cultured broiler hepatocytes.
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76
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Li E, Lv Z, Liu H, Liu L, Li Y, Li Z, Wang F, Li D, Zhang S. Determination of net energy content of soybean oil fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:149-157. [PMID: 28914474 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were: (i) to determine the net energy (NE) of soybean oil (SBO) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC); and (ii) to evaluate the effects of inclusion rate of SBO on heat production, oxidative status and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Eighteen growing barrows were allotted to three diets based on completely randomized design with six replicate pigs (period) per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two test diets containing 5% or 10% SBO at the expense of corn and soybean meal. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 14 days, including 7 days to adapt to feed, metabolism crate and environmental conditions. On day 8, pigs were transferred to the open-circuit respiration chambers for measurement of daily O2 consumption and CO2 and CH4 production. During this time, pigs were fed one of the three diets at 2.4 MJ metabolizable energy/kg body weight (BW)0.6 /day. Total feces and urine were collected and daily total heat production (THP) was measured from days 9 to 13 and fasted on day 14 to evaluate their fasting heat production (FHP). The results show that trends of decreased apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (linear, P = 0.09) and acid detergent fiber (linear, P = 0.07) were observed as the content of dietary lipids increased. The average THP for the three diets were 1326, 1208 and 1193 kJ/kg BW0.6 /day, respectively. The FHP of pigs averaged 843 kJ/kg BW0.6 /day and was not affected by diet characteristics. A reduction of the respiratory quotients in the fed state as the inclusion level of SBO increased was observed. In conclusion, the NE values of SBO we determined by indirect calorimetry were 33.45 and 34.05 MJ/kg dry matter under two inclusion levels. THP could be largely reduced when SBO is added in the feed, but the THP of SBO included at 5% in a corn-soybean meal diet is not different from the THP of SBO included at 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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77
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Liu L, Wang G, Xiao Y, Shipp SL, Siegel PB, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Peripheral neuropeptide Y differentially influences adipogenesis and lipolysis in chicks from lines selected for low or high body weight. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 213:1-10. [PMID: 28789975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates appetite and promotes lipid deposition. We demonstrated a differential sensitivity in the food intake response to central NPY in chicks from lines selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight, but have not reported whether such differences exist in the periphery. At 5days, LWS and HWS chicks were intraperitoneally injected with 0 (vehicle), 60, or 120μg/kg BW NPY and subcutaneous adipose tissue and plasma were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h (n=12). NPY injection increased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity at 1 and 3h and reduced plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) at 1 and 12h. G3PDH activity was greater in HWS than LWS while NEFAs were greater in LWS. At 1h, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) mRNAs were reduced in NPY-injected chicks whereas NPY receptor 1 (NPYR1) was increased. Expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) was increased by NPY at 1h in HWS but not LWS. PPARγ (3 and 6h), C/EBPβ (3h), C/EBPα (6h) and NPYR1 and 2 (24h) mRNAs were greater in NPY- than vehicle-injected chicks. At several times, adipose triglyceride lipase, MTTP, perilipin 1, NPYR1, and NPYR2 mRNAs were greater in LWS than HWS, while expression of SCD1, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 and lipoprotein lipase was greater in HWS than LWS. Thus, NPY promotes fat deposition and inhibits lipolysis in chicks, with line differences indicative of greater rates of lipolysis in LWS and adipogenesis in HWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Liu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yang Xiao
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Steven L Shipp
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Paul B Siegel
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mark A Cline
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
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Mishra I, Singh D, Kumar V. Daily levels and rhythm in circulating corticosterone and insulin are altered with photostimulated seasonal states in night-migratory blackheaded buntings. Horm Behav 2017; 94:114-123. [PMID: 28729017 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythms are involved in the photostimulation of seasonal responses in migratory blackheaded buntings. Here, we investigated whether changes in daily levels and rhythm in corticosterone (cort) and insulin secretions were associated with transitions in the photoperiodic seasonal states. Buntings were exposed to short days to maintain the winter (photosensitive) non-migratory state, and to long days for varying durations to induce the premigratory, migratory (shown by migratory restlessness at night, Zugunruhe) and summer non-migratory (photorefractory) states. We monitored activity patterns, and measured plasma cort and insulin levels at six and four times, respectively, over 24h in each seasonal state. Buntings were fattened and weighed heavier, and exhibited intense nighttime activity in the migratory state. The daytime activity patterns also showed seasonal differences, with a bimodal pattern with morning and evening activity bouts only in the summer non-migratory state. Further, the average baseline hormone levels were significantly higher in premigratory and migratory than in the winter non-migratory state. Both cort and insulin levels showed a significant daily rhythm, but with seasonal differences. Whereas, cort rhythm acrophases (estimated time of peak secretion over 24h) were at night in the winter non-migratory, premigratory and migratory states, the insulin rhythm acrophases were found early in the day and night in winter and summer non-migratory states, respectively. These results suggest that changes in daily levels and rhythm in cort and insulin mediate changes in the physiology and behavior with photostimulated transition in seasonal states in migratory blackheaded buntings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Mishra
- IndoUS Center for Biological Timing, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Devraj Singh
- IndoUS Center for Biological Timing, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- IndoUS Center for Biological Timing, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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79
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Regassa A, Suh M, Datar J, Chen C, Kim WK. Fatty Acids Have Different Adipogenic Differentiation Potentials in Stromal Vascular Cells Isolated from Abdominal Fat in Laying Hens. Lipids 2017; 52:513-522. [PMID: 28523479 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of fatty acids (FA) with/without chicken serum (CS) on the expression of adipogenic transcripts and adipogenesis in chicken stromal vascular cells (SVC). In experiment 1, SVC were grown in DMEM containing 10% FBS (Control) and treated with 300 µM oleic acid (OLA) + FBS, linoleic acid (LNA) + FBS, palmitic acid (PAM) + FBS, or stearic acid (STA) + FBS for 48 h. In experiment 2, cells were grown in DMEM containing 5% CS and treated with 300 µM OLA (CS + OLA), PAM (CS + PAM), STA (CS + STA) or 200 µM LNA (CS + LNA) for 48 h. Adipogenesis was determined using Oil Red O staining and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity. The proportion of OLA, PAM, or STA was increased (P < 0.05) in SVC grown in either FBS or CS with OLA, PAM or STA. Adipogenesis was induced in FBS + OLA, FBS + LNA, FBS + PAM, FBS + STA, CS + OLA, CS + LNA, CS + PAM, or CS + SAT compared to FBS. GPDH activity was significantly higher in FBS + OLA and FBS + LNA than one in FBS. Compared to FBS, the expression of FABP4 mRNA increased (P < 0.05) in FBS + OLA, FBS + LNA, or FBS + PAM, whereas that of C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and ATGL increased (P < 0.05) in FBS + OLA or FBS + LNA cells. Expression of FABP4 and C/EBPβ mRNA was higher in CS, CS + OLA, CS + LNA, CS + PAM, or CS + SAT compared with (FBS, whereas the expression of ATGL and C/EBPα was higher in CS, CS + OLA, or CS + LNA than FBS cells. In conclusion, these results showed that FA have different potentials to induce adipogenesis, LNA is the most potent among the tested FA, and these potentials can be improved in the presence of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Regassa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jutika Datar
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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80
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Wang G, McConn BR, Liu D, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. The effects of dietary macronutrient composition on lipid metabolism-associated factor gene expression in the adipose tissue of chickens are influenced by fasting and refeeding. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:14. [PMID: 28496985 PMCID: PMC5424285 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Broiler chickens are compulsive feeders that become obese as juveniles and are thus a unique model for metabolic disorders in humans. However, little is known about the relationship between dietary composition, fasting and refeeding and adipose tissue physiology in chicks. Our objective was to determine how dietary macronutrient composition and fasting and refeeding affect chick adipose physiology during the early post-hatch period. Methods Chicks were fed one of three isocaloric diets after hatch: high-carbohydrate (HC; control), high-fat (HF; 30% of ME from soybean oil) or high-protein (HP; 25% vs. 22% crude protein). At 4 days post-hatch, chicks were fed (continuous ad libitum access to food), fasted (3 h food withdrawal), or refed (fasted for 3 h and refed for 1 h). Subcutaneous, clavicular, and abdominal adipose tissue was collected for histological analysis and to measure gene expression, and plasma to measure non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations (n = 6–10 per group). Results Adipose tissue weights were reduced in chicks that were fed the HP diet and adipocyte diameter was greater in the adipose tissue of chicks that ate the HF diet. Consumption of diets differing in protein and fat content also affected gene expression; mRNAs encoding fatty acid binding protein 4 and a lipolytic enzyme, monoglyceride lipase, were greater in chicks fed the HC and HF than HP diet in all three adipose tissue depots. Fasting influenced gene expression in a depot-dependent manner, where most fasting and refeeding-induced changes were observed in the clavicular fat of chicks that consumed the HC diet. Fasting increased plasma NEFA concentrations in chicks fed the HC and HP diets. Conclusions The decreased adipose tissue deposition in chicks fed the HP diet is likely explained by decreased rates of adipogenesis. Consumption of the HF diet was associated with greater adipose tissue deposition and larger adipocytes, likely as a result of greater rates of adipocyte hypertrophy. The depot-dependent effects of diet and fasting on gene expression may help explain mechanisms underlying metabolic distinctions among subcutaneous and visceral fat depots in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Betty R McConn
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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81
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Bai S, Pan S, Zhang K, Ding X, Wang J, Zeng Q, Xuan Y, Su Z. Dietary overload lithium decreases the adipogenesis in abdominal adipose tissue of broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:163-171. [PMID: 28049100 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the toxic effects of dietary overload lithium on the adipogenesis in adipose tissue of chicken and the role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) in this process, one-day-old male chicks were fed with the basal diet added with 0 (control) or 100mg lithium/kg diet from lithium chloride (overload lithium) for 35days. Abdominal adipose tissue and hypothalamus were collected at day 6, 14, and 35. As a percentage of body weight, abdominal fat decreased (p<0.001) at day 6, 14, and 35, and feed intake and body weight gain decreased during day 7-14, and day 15-35 in overload lithium treated broilers as compared to control. Adipocyte diameter and DNA content in abdominal adipose tissue were significantly lower in overload-lithium treatment than control at day 35, although no significant differences were observed at day 6 and 14. Dietary overload lithium decreased (p<0.01) transcriptional expression of preadipocyte proliferation makers ki-67 (KI67), microtubule-associated protein homolog (TPX2), and topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A), and preadipocyte differentiation transcriptional factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α mRNA abundance in abdominal adipose tissue. In hypothalamus, dietary overload lithium influenced (p<0.001) NPY, and NPY receptor (NPYR) 6 mRNA abundance at day 6 and 14, but not at day 35. In conclusion, dietary overload lithium decreased the adipogenesis in abdominal adipose tissue of chicken, which was accompanied by depressing transcriptional expression of adipogenesis-associated factors. Hypothalamic NPY had a potential role in the adipogenesis in abdominal adipose tissue of broilers with a short-term overload lithium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Bai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuqin Pan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuowei Su
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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82
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Neijat M, Ojekudo O, House JD. Effect of flaxseed oil and microalgae DHA on the production performance, fatty acids and total lipids of egg yolk and plasma in laying hens. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 115:77-88. [PMID: 27914517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the egg is dependent on both the transfer efficiency of preformed dietary omega-3 fatty acids to the eggs as well as endogenous PUFA metabolism and deposition. Employing an experimental design consisting of 70 Lohmann LSL-Classic hens (n=10/treatment) in a 6-week feeding trial, we examined the impact of graded levels of either flaxseed oil (alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) or algal DHA (preformed docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), each supplying 0.20%, 0.40% and 0.60% total omega-3s. The control diet was practically low in omega-3s. Study parameters included monitoring the changes of fatty acid contents in yolk, measures of hen performance, eggshell quality, total lipids and fatty acid contents of plasma. Data were analysed as a complete randomized design using Proc Mixed procedure of SAS. No significant differences were observed between treatments with respect to hen performance, eggshell quality and cholesterol content in plasma and egg yolk. Individual and total omega-3 PUFA in the yolk and plasma increased (P<0.0001) linearly as a function of total omega-3 PUFA intake. At the highest inclusion levels, DHA-fed hens incorporated 3-fold more DHA in eggs compared with ALA-fed hens (179±5.55 vs. 66.7±2.25mg/yolk, respectively). In both treatment groups, maximal enrichment of total n-3 PUFA was observed by week-2, declined by week-4 and leveled thereafter. In addition, accumulation of DHA in egg yolk showed linear (P<0.0001) and quadratic (P<0.05) effects for flaxseed oil (R2=0.89) and algal DHA (R2=0.95). The current data, based on defined level of total omega-3s in the background diet, provides evidence to suggest that exogenous as well as endogenous synthesis of DHA may be subject to a similar basis of regulation, and serve to highlight potential regulatory aspects explaining the limitations in the deposition of endogenously produced omega-3 LCPUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neijat
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - O Ojekudo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J D House
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2E1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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83
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Neijat M, Suh M, Neufeld J, House JD. Increasing Levels of Dietary Hempseed Products Leads to Differential Responses in the Fatty Acid Profiles of Egg Yolk, Liver and Plasma of Laying Hens. Lipids 2016; 51:615-33. [PMID: 27052441 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The limited efficiency with which dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is converted by hens into docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for egg deposition is not clearly understood. In this study, dietary ALA levels were increased via the inclusion of hempseed (HS) and hempseed oil (HO) in hen diets, with the goal of assessing the effects on the fatty acid (FA) profiles of total lipids and lipid classes in yolk, liver and plasma. Forty-eight hens were individually caged and fed one of six diets containing either HS:10, 20 or 30, HO:4.5 or 9.0 (%, diet) or a control (containing corn oil), providing a range (0.1-1.28 %, diet) of ALA. Fatty acid methyl esters of total lipids and lipid classes, including phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho) and ethanolamine (PtdEtn) in yolk, plasma and liver were then determined. Levels of n-3 FAs in both total lipids and lipid classes increased in all tissues. ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increased linearly, while docosapentaenoic acid and DHA increased quadratically. The FA profiles of yolk closely reflected levels in both plasma and liver. While ALA was highly concentrated in the triacylglycerol, it was low but equally distributed between PtdCho and PtdEtn in all tissues; however, the net accumulation was lower (P < 0.0001) in liver compared to yolk and plasma. Levels of EPA and ALA in yolk-PtdEtn were linearly (P < 0.0001; R (2) = 0.93) associated, and reflected those in liver-PtdEtn (P < 0.0001; R (2) = 0.90). In the liver, a strong inverse correlation (P < 0.0001; r = -0.94) between PL-DHA and ALA-to-EPA ratio in PtdEtn supports theories of low substrate availability, possibly limiting the conversion of ALA into DHA for egg enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neijat
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - M Suh
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2E1, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - J Neufeld
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J D House
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2E1, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Piekarski A, Decuypere E, Buyse J, Dridi S. Chenodeoxycholic acid reduces feed intake and modulates the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and hepatic lipogenic genes in broiler chickens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 229:74-83. [PMID: 26965947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids have recently become an emerging research hot spot in mammals due to their roles as metabolic regulators and molecular signatures controlling whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Such effects are still unknown in avian (non-mammalian) species. We, therefore, undertook this study to determine the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on growth performance and on the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and hepatic lipogenic genes in broiler chickens. Chickens fed with diet-containing 0.1% or 0.5% CDCA for two weeks exhibited a significant and a dose dependent reduction of feed intake and body weight compared to the control (standard diet). These changes were accompanied with a significant decrease in plasma glucose levels at d10 and d15 post-treatment. At molecular levels, CDCA treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of feeding-related hypothalamic neuropeptides (NPY, AgRP, ORX, CRH, Ghrl, and MC1R) and down-regulated the hypothalamic expression of SOCS3. CDCA treatment also decreased the mRNA levels of key hepatic lipogenic genes (FAS, ACCα, ME, ATPcl, and SCD-1) and their related transcription factors SREBP-1/2 and PPARα. In addition, CDCA reduced the hepatic expression of FXR and the adipokine, visfatin, and adiponectin genes compared to the control. Together, our data provide evidence that CDCA alters growth performances in broilers and modulates the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and hepatic lipogenic and adipocytokine genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Piekarski
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Eddy Decuypere
- Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KUL, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Buyse
- Division of Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, KUL, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
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Migratory preparation associated alterations in pectoralis muscle biochemistry and proteome in Palearctic–Indian emberizid migratory finch, red-headed bunting, Emberiza bruniceps. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 17:9-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Differential lipid metabolic requirements of sexually-mature males and females may influence the regulation of lipid metabolism-associated genes and hence the content of adipose tissue. We measured the expression of eight lipid metabolism-associated genes (fatty acid synthase, FASN; acylglycerol- 3- phosphate O-acyltransferase 9, AGPAT9; peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ, PPARγ; lipoprotein lipase, LPL; carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 A, CPT1A; carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 B, CPT1B; acyl-COA dehydrogenase long chain, ACADL; monoglyceride lipase, MGL) in eight tissues (hypothalamus, HYP; liver; heart; pectoralis major muscle, PM; gastrocnemius muscle, GAS; abdominal fat, AF; clavicular fat, CF; subcutaneous fat, SF) of five male and five female white feather chickens using real time PCR at 217 d (when the females were at peak egg production). There were no difference between sexes, nor were there sex by tissue interactions for CPT1A and MGL. In both cases expression was greater for liver than the other tissues. When interactions of sex by tissue were significant, the FASN mRNA abundance in HYP, liver, and PM was greater for females than males. There was no sexual dimorphism for any tissue for PPARγ. Overall values were greater for adipose depots than HYP and liver with muscles intermediate for AGPAT9. LPL mRNA abundance in PM and AF was greater for females than males, with the pattern reversed for heart and SF. CPT1B mRNA abundance in GAS and CF was greater for females than males, with the relationship reversed for liver. ACADL mRNA abundance in HYP, liver, and GAS was greater for females than males, and lower in PM than males. The results demonstrated that expression of lipid metablism–associated genes varies among sexes in mature chickens depending on the gene and the tissue.
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Bai S, Wang G, Zhang W, Zhang S, Rice BB, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Broiler chicken adipose tissue dynamics during the first two weeks post-hatch. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 189:115-23. [PMID: 26263851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selection of broiler chickens for growth has led to increased adipose tissue accretion. To investigate the post-hatch development of adipose tissue, the abdominal, clavicular, and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots were collected from broiler chicks at 4 and 14 days post-hatch. As a percent of body weight, abdominal fat increased (P<0.001) with age. At day 4, clavicular and subcutaneous fat depots were heavier (P<0.003) than abdominal fat whereas at day 14, abdominal and clavicular weighed more (P<0.003) than subcutaneous fat. Adipocyte area and diameter were greater in clavicular and subcutaneous than abdominal fat at 4 and 14 days post-hatch (P<0.001). Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity increased (P<0.001) in all depots from day 4 to 14, and at both ages was greatest in subcutaneous, intermediate in clavicular, and lowest in abdominal fat (P<0.05). In clavicular fat, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP)α, CEBPβ, fatty acid synthase (FASN), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and NPY receptor 5 (NPYR5) mRNA increased and NPYR2 mRNA decreased from day 4 to 14 (P<0.001). Thus, there are site-specific differences in broiler chick adipose development, with larger adipocytes and greater G3PDH activity in subcutaneous fat at day 4, more rapid growth of abdominal fat, and clavicular fat intermediate for most traits. Adipose tissue expansion was accompanied by changes in gene expression of adipose-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Brittany Breon Rice
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Mark Andrew Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ruth Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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Bai J, Greene E, Li W, Kidd MT, Dridi S. Branched-chain amino acids modulate the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related genes in female broiler chickens. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1171-81. [PMID: 25787688 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The effects and roles of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in hepatic fat metabolism are still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we used broiler chickens, in which lipogenesis occurs essentially in the liver as in human, to investigate the effects of three levels of BCAAs (control "C," low "L" and exogenous supplemented diet "L+S") on growth, carcass traits, immunity, and hepatic fat metabolism. Despite the same productive performance, immunity, and plasma BCAA levels between all groups, low BCAA levels significantly downregulated the hepatic expression of lipogenic genes particularly acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCα) and stearoyl-coA desaturase 1 (p = 0.0036 and p = 0.0008, respectively) and upregulated the hepatic expression of mitochondrial β-oxidation- (uncoupling protein and NRF-1, p < 0.05) and dynamic-related genes (DNM1, p < 0.05). Concomitant with these changes, low BCAA levels increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α(Thr172), ACCα(Ser79), and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1(Ser256)) and decreased the phosphorylation of mTOR(Ser2481) and P70 S6 kinase (Thr389). The mRNA abundance of the transcription factors SREBP1/2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha/beta, and FoxO1 were also increased in the liver of L group compared to the control. CONCLUSION Together our data indicate that low BCAA levels inhibit fatty acid synthesis and enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver of female broiler chickens and these effects were probably mediated through AMPK-mTOR-FoxO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Elizabeth Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michael T Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Zhang ZW, Bi MY, Yao HD, Fu J, Li S, Xu SW. Effect of Cold Stress on Expression of AMPKα–PPARα Pathway and Inflammation Genes. Avian Dis 2014; 58:415-26. [DOI: 10.1637/10763-010814-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yuan D, Wang T, Zhou C, Lin F, Chen H, Wu H, Wei R, Xin Z, Li Z. Leptin and cholecystokinin in Schizothorax prenanti: molecular cloning, tissue expression, and mRNA expression responses to periprandial changes and fasting. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 204:13-24. [PMID: 24852347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, full-length cDNA sequences of leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) were cloned from Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti), and applied real-time quantitative PCR to characterize the tissue distribution, and appetite regulatory effects of leptin and CCK in S. prenanti. The S. prenanti leptin and CCK full-length cDNA sequences were 1121 bp and 776 bp in length, encoding the peptide of 171 and 123 amino acid residues, respectively. Tissue distribution analysis showed that leptin mRNA was mainly expressed in the liver of S. prenanti. CCK was widely expressed, with the highest levels of expression in the hypothalamus, myelencephalon, telencephalon and foregut of S. prenanti. The CCK mRNA expression was highly elevated after feeding, whereas the leptin mRNA expression was not affected by single meal. These results suggested that CCK is a postprandial satiety signal in S. prenanti, but leptin might not be. In present study, leptin and CCK gene expression were both decreased after fasting and increased after refeeding, which suggested leptin and CCK might be involved in regulation of appetite in S. prenanti. This study provides an essential groundwork to further elucidate the appetite regulatory systems of leptin and CCK in S. prenanti as well as in other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyue Yuan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Chaowei Zhou
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Fangjun Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Rongbin Wei
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhiming Xin
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
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91
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Ji B, Middleton JL, Ernest B, Saxton AM, Lamont SJ, Campagna SR, Voy BH. Molecular and metabolic profiles suggest that increased lipid catabolism in adipose tissue contributes to leanness in domestic chickens. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:315-27. [PMID: 24550212 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00163.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic broiler chickens rapidly accumulate fat and are naturally hyperglycemic and insulin resistant, making them an attractive model for studies of human obesity. We previously demonstrated that short-term (5 h) fasting rapidly upregulates pathways of fatty acid oxidation in broiler chickens and proposed that activation of these pathways may promote leanness. The objective of the current study was to characterize adipose tissue from relatively lean and fatty lines of chickens and determine if heritable leanness in chickens is associated with activation of some of the same pathways induced by fasting. We compared adipose gene expression and metabolite profiles in white adipose tissue of lean Leghorn and Fayoumi breeds to those of fattier commercial broiler chickens. Both lipolysis and expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation were upregulated in lean chickens compared with broilers. Although there were strong similarities between the lean lines compared with broilers, distinct expression signatures were also found between Fayoumi and Leghorn, including differences in adipogenic genes. Similarities between genetically lean and fasted chickens suggest that fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue is adaptively coupled to lipolysis and plays a role in heritable differences in fatness. Unique signatures of leanness in Fayoumi and Leghorn lines highlight distinct pathways that may provide insight into the basis for leanness in humans. Collectively, our results provide a number of future directions through which to fully exploit chickens as unique models for the study of human obesity and adipose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ji
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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92
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Christensen K, McMurtry JP, Thaxton YV, Thaxton JP, Corzo A, McDaniel C, Scanes CG. Metabolic and hormonal responses of growing modern meat-type chickens to fasting. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:199-205. [PMID: 23647183 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.772953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study compared the effects of fasting on circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin and glucagon in male and female modern meat-type chickens (Ross 708) at three ages (19 d, 33 d and 47 d). 2. Plasma concentrations of glucose were reduced by fasting with reductions of 24.9% (19-d-old), 22.6% (33-d-old) and 17.9% (47-d-old) in broiler chickens fasted for 12 h. 3. Plasma concentrations of insulin decreased with fasting. For instance, circulating concentrations of insulin declined after 6 h of fasting by 45.7%, 54.7% and 50.0%, respectively, in 19-d-old, 33-d-old and 47-d-old broiler chickens. 4. Plasma concentrations of glucagon were increased by fasting. Plasma concentrations of glucagon were elevated by 3.79% (19-d-old), 3.51% (33-d-old) and 3.79% (47-d-old) with 6 h of fasting and remained elevated with 12 h, 18 h and 24 h of fasting.
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93
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Claire D’Andre H, Paul W, Shen X, Jia X, Zhang R, Sun L, Zhang X. Identification and characterization of genes that control fat deposition in chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2013; 4:43. [PMID: 24206759 PMCID: PMC3874612 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat deposits in chickens contribute significantly to meat quality attributes such as juiciness, flavor, taste and other organoleptic properties. The quantity of fat deposited increases faster and earlier in the fast-growing chickens than in slow-growing chickens. In this study, Affymetrix Genechip® Chicken Genome Arrays 32773 transcripts were used to compare gene expression profiles in liver and hypothalamus tissues of fast-growing and slow-growing chicken at 8 wk of age. Real-time RT-PCR was used to validate the differential expression of genes selected from the microarray analysis. The mRNA expression of the genes was further examined in fat tissues. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of four lipid-related genes with fat traits was examined in a F2 resource population. RESULTS Four hundred genes in the liver tissues and 220 genes hypothalamus tissues, respectively, were identified to be differentially expressed in fast-growing chickens and slow-growing chickens. Expression levels of genes for lipid metabolism (SULT1B1, ACSBG2, PNPLA3, LPL, AOAH) carbohydrate metabolism (MGAT4B, XYLB, GBE1, PGM1, HKDC1)cholesttrol biosynthesis (FDPS, LSS, HMGCR, NSDHL, DHCR24, IDI1, ME1) HSD17B7 and other reaction or processes (CYP1A4, CYP1A1, AKR1B1, CYP4V2, DDO) were higher in the fast-growing White Recessive Rock chickens than in the slow-growing Xinghua chickens. On the other hand, expression levels of genes associated with multicellular organism development, immune response, DNA integration, melanin biosynthetic process, muscle organ development and oxidation-reduction (FRZB, DMD, FUT8, CYP2C45, DHRSX, and CYP2C18) and with glycol-metabolism (GCNT2, ELOVL 6, and FASN), were higher in the XH chickens than in the fast-growing chickens. RT-PCR validated high expression levels of nine out of 12 genes in fat tissues. The G1257069A and T1247123C of the ACSBG2 gene were significantly associated with abdominal fat weight. The G4928024A of the FASN gene were significantly associated with fat bandwidth, and abdominal fat percentage. The C4930169T of the FASN gene was associated with abdominal fat weight while the A59539099G of the ELOVL 6 was significantly associated with subcutaneous fat. The A8378815G of the DDT was associated with fat band width. CONCLUSION The differences in fat deposition were reflected with differential gene expressions in fast and slow growing chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirwa Claire D’Andre
- Rwanda Agriculture Board, Research Department, P. O Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wallace Paul
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Accra, Achimota, Ghana
| | - Xu Shen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xinzheng Jia
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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94
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Abstract
n-3 PUFA are crucial for health and development. Their effects as regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism are well documented. They also appear to affect protein metabolism, especially by acting on insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role ofn-3 PUFA, i.e. the precursor α-linolenic acid (ALA) 18 : 3n-3 or long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA), in chickens, by focusing on their potential function as co-regulators of the insulin anabolic signalling cascade. Ross male broilers were divided into six dietary treatment groups. Diets were isoproteic (22 % crude protein) and isoenergetic (12·54 MJ metabolisable energy/kg) and contained similar lipid levels (6 %) provided by different proportions of various lipid sources: oleic sunflower oil rich in 18 : 1n-9 as control; fish oil rich in LC-PUFA; rapeseed and linseed oils providing ALA. The provision of diets enriched withn-3 PUFA, i.e. rich in LC-PUFA or in the precursor ALA, for 3 weeks improved the growth performance of chickens, whereas that of only the ALA diet enhanced the development of the pectoralis major muscle. At 23 d of age, we studied the insulin sensitivity of the pectoralis major muscle and liver of chickens after an intravenous injection of insulin or saline. The present results indicate that the activation patterns ofn-3 PUFA are different in the liver and muscles. An ALA-enriched diet may improve insulin sensitivity in muscles, with greater activation of the insulin-induced 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase/ribosomal protein S6 pathway involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins, thereby potentially increasing muscle protein synthesis and growth. Our findings provide a basis on which to optimise dietary fatty acid provision in growing animals.
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95
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Fu RQ, Liu RR, Zhao GP, Zheng MQ, Chen JL, Wen J. Expression profiles of key transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism in Beijing-You chickens. Gene 2013; 537:120-5. [PMID: 24100085 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a crucial factor for the meat quality of chickens. With the aim of studying the molecular mechanisms underlying IMF deposition in chickens, the expression profiles of five candidate transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism in several tissues were examined in Beijing-You (BJY) chickens at five ages (0, 4, 8, 14 and 20 wk). Results showed that accumulation of IMF in breast (IMFbr), thigh (IMFth) and abdominal fat weight increased significantly (P<0.01) after 8 wk. Accumulation of both IMFbr and IMFth from 8 to 14 wk exceeded that from 14 to 20 wk; IMFth was 4-7 times of IMFbr. As for the expression profiles of key transcription factors: 1) expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ in abdominal fat was significantly higher than that in breast and thigh muscles at all ages. The expression of C/EBPα was positively correlated with PPARγ in both breast and thigh muscles, which indicated that both C/EBPα and PPARγ promoted fat deposition and might act through a unified pathway; 2) the expression of SREBP-1 in 0, 4, and 8 wk in thigh muscle was significantly higher than that in breast; 3) expression of C/EBPβ at 4 and 8 wk was significantly higher than that at 14 and 20 wk; and it was positively correlated with IMFth and IMFbr from 0 to 8 wk; 4) expression of PPARα in breast and thigh muscles was significantly higher than that in abdominal fat. Taken together, all five transcription factors studied play roles in lipid metabolism in chickens with C/EBPα and PPARγ being important effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Q Fu
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - R R Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - G P Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J L Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
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96
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Yan J, Yang H, Gan L, Sun C. Adiponectin-impaired adipocyte differentiation negatively regulates fat deposition in chicken. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:530-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - H. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - L. Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - C. Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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97
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Guy G, Fortun-Lamothe L, Bénard G, Fernandez X. Natural induction of spontaneous liver steatosis in Greylag Landaise geese (Anser anser). J Anim Sci 2013; 91:455-64. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Guy
- INRA, UE89 Palmipèdes à Foie Gras, Domaine d'Artiguères, F-40280 Benquet, France
- INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - L. Fortun-Lamothe
- INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - G. Bénard
- Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, Unité de Mycotoxicologie, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - X. Fernandez
- INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, F-31076 Toulouse, France
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98
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Wang Y, Rao K, Yuan L, Everaert N, Buyse J, Grossmann R, Zhao R. Chicken FTO gene: Tissue-specific expression, brain distribution, breed difference and effect of fasting. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 163:246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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99
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Kuttappan V, Brewer V, Apple J, Waldroup P, Owens C. Influence of growth rate on the occurrence of white striping in broiler breast fillets. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2677-85. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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100
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Ji B, Ernest B, Gooding JR, Das S, Saxton AM, Simon J, Dupont J, Métayer-Coustard S, Campagna SR, Voy BH. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of chicken adipose tissue in response to insulin neutralization and fasting. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:441. [PMID: 22938590 PMCID: PMC3503602 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic broiler chickens rapidly accumulate adipose tissue due to intensive genetic selection for rapid growth and are naturally hyperglycemic and insulin resistant, making them an attractive addition to the suite of rodent models used for studies of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Furthermore, chicken adipose tissue is considered as poorly sensitive to insulin and lipolysis is under glucagon control. Excessive fat accumulation is also an economic and environmental concern for the broiler industry due to the loss of feed efficiency and excessive nitrogen wasting, as well as a negative trait for consumers who are increasingly conscious of dietary fat intake. Understanding the control of avian adipose tissue metabolism would both enhance the utility of chicken as a model organism for human obesity and insulin resistance and highlight new approaches to reduce fat deposition in commercial chickens. RESULTS We combined transcriptomics and metabolomics to characterize the response of chicken adipose tissue to two energy manipulations, fasting and insulin deprivation in the fed state. Sixteen to 17 day-old commercial broiler chickens (ISA915) were fed ad libitum, fasted for five hours, or fed but deprived of insulin by injections of anti-insulin serum. Pair-wise contrasts of expression data identified a total of 2016 genes that were differentially expressed after correction for multiple testing, with the vast majority of differences due to fasting (1780 genes). Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that a short term fast impacted expression of genes in a broad selection of pathways related to metabolism, signaling and adipogenesis. The effects of insulin neutralization largely overlapped with the response to fasting, but with more modest effects on adipose tissue metabolism. Tissue metabolomics indicated unique effects of insulin on amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data provide a foundation for further study into the molecular basis for adipose expansion in commercial poultry and identify potential pathways through which fat accretion may be attenuated in the future through genetic selection or management practices. They also highlight chicken as a useful model organism in which to study the dynamic relationship between food intake, metabolism, and adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ji
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ben Ernest
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica R Gooding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suchita Das
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Arnold M Saxton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jean Simon
- Unité de Recherches Avicoles (U83), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, 37380, France
| | - Joelle Dupont
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (UMR85), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, 37380, France
| | - Sonia Métayer-Coustard
- Unité de Recherches Avicoles (U83), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, 37380, France
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brynn H Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- 201E McCord Hall, Morgan Circle Dr. Knoxville, Tennessee, 2640, USA
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