51
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Mishra S, Kumar P, Dar JA, George N, Singh V, Singh R. Differential immunohistochemical expression of JSRV capsid antigen and tumour biomarkers in classical and atypical OPA: a comparative study. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1610857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mishra
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Javeed Ahmad Dar
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Neethu George
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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52
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Wang LL, Zhang B, Zheng MH, Xie YZ, Wang CJ, Jin JY. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Targeted Drug Delivery: Synthesis of a Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor against Matrix Metalloproteinase- 7. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2459-2471. [PMID: 32703131 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200722104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases that play a key role in both physiological and pathological tissue degradation. MMPs have reportedly shown great potentials in the degradation of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), have shown great potentials in targeting bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs could provoke Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of cancer cells and manipulate their signaling, adhesion, migration and invasion to promote cancer cell aggressiveness. Therefore, targeting and particularly inhibiting MMPs within the tumor microenvironment is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Based on this idea, different MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) have been developed to manipulate the tumor microenvironment towards conditions appropriate for the actions of antitumor agents. Studies are ongoing to improve the selectivity and specificity of MMPIs. Structural optimization has facilitated the discovery of selective inhibitors of the MMPs. However, so far no selective inhibitor for MMP-7 has been proposed. AIMS This study aims to comprehensively review the potentials and advances in applications of MMPs particularly MMP-7 in targeted cancer treatment approaches with the main focus on targeted drug delivery. Different targeting strategies for manipulating and inhibiting MMPs for the treatment of cancer are discussed. MMPs are upregulated at all stages of expression in cancers. Different MMP subtypes have shown significant targeting applicability at the genetic, protein, and activity levels in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions in a variety of cancers. The expression of MMPs significantly increases at advanced cancer stages, which can be used for controlled release in cancers in advance stages. METHODS Moreover, this study presents the synthesis and characteristics of a new and highly selective inhibitor against MMP-7 and discusses its applications in targeted drug delivery systems for therapeutics and diagnostics modalities. RESULTS Our findings showed that the structure of the inhibitor P3' side chains play the crucial role in developing an optimized MMP-7 inhibitor with high selectivity and significant degradation activities against ECM. CONCLUSION Optimized NDC can serve as a highly potent and selective inhibitor against MMP-7 following screening and optimization of the P3' side chains, with a Ki of 38.6 nM and an inhibitory selectivity of 575 of MMP-7 over MMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Wang
- Centre of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University,
Yanji, Jilin Province, 130002, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154002, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- Centre of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Xie
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University,
Yanji, Jilin Province, 130002, China,College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154002, China
| | - Jing-Yi Jin
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University,
Yanji, Jilin Province, 130002, China
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53
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Bi X, Lou P, Song Y, Sheng X, Liu R, Deng M, Yang X, Li G, Yuan S, Zhang H, Jiao B, Zhang B, Xue L, Liu Z, Plikus MV, Ren F, Gao S, Zhao L, Yu Z. Msi1 promotes breast cancer metastasis by regulating invadopodia-mediated extracellular matrix degradation via the Timp3-Mmp9 pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:4832-4845. [PMID: 34155343 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. The initial step of metastasis is invadopodia-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, which enables local breast tumor cells to invade surrounding tissues. However, the molecular mechanism underlying invadopodia-mediated metastasis remains largely unknown. Here we found that the RNA-binding protein Musashi1 (Msi1) exhibited elevated expression in invasive breast tumors and promoted lung metastasis of mammary cancer cells. Suppression of Msi1 reduced invadopodia formation in mammary cancer cells. Furthermore, Msi1 deficiency decreased the expression and activity of Mmp9, an important enzyme in ECM degradation. Mechanistically, Msi1 directly suppressed Timp3, an endogenous inhibitor of Mmp9. In clinical breast cancer specimens, TIMP3 and MSI1 levels were significantly inversely correlated both in normal breast tissue and breast cancer tissues and associated with overall survival in breast cancer patients. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the MSI1-TIMP3-MMP9 cascade is critical for invadopodia-mediated onset of metastasis in breast cancer, providing novel insights into a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Lou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock and Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaole Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Deng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shukai Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Baowei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Medical Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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54
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Li J, Tian L, Jing Z, Guo Z, Nan P, Liu F, Zou S, Yang L, Xie X, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Sun W, Sun Y, Zhao X. Cytoplasmic RAD23B interacts with CORO1C to synergistically promote colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2021; 516:13-27. [PMID: 34062216 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are characterized by diffuse infiltration of tumor cells into the regional lymph nodes and metastasis to distant organs, and its highly invasive nature contributes to disease recurrence and poor outcomes. The molecular mechanisms underlying CRC cell invasion remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified the upregulation of DNA damage repair-related protein RAD23B in CRC cells and tissues and showed that it associates with coronin 1C or coronin 3 (CORO1C) to facilitate invasion. We found that knockdown of RAD23B expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed the talin1/2/integrin/FAK/RhoA/Rac1/CORO1C signaling pathways. Interestingly, RAD23B interacted and co-localized with CORO1C, and CORO1C aggregated toward the margin of cancer cells in both CRC cells and tissues when RAD23B overexpressed. Mechanistically, overexpression of RAD23B and/or CORO1C further increased invadopodia formation and matrix degradation in SW480 and HCT8 CRC cells. Conversely, silencing of RAD23B expression suppressed tumorigenesis and liver metastasis in xenotransplant murine models. Furthermore, we found that RAD23B was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues (n = 720) compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues (n = 694) of patients with CRC. Finally, we identified a strong correlation between higher levels of cytoplasmic expression of RAD23B, and poor prognosis and liver metastasis in CRC patients. Taken together, our data highlight a novel RAD23B-CORO1C signaling axis in CRC cell invasion and metastasis that may be of clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lusong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zongpan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangmei Zou
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yulin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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55
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Khadge S, Cole K, Talmadge JE. Myeloid derived suppressor cells and the release of micro-metastases from dormancy. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:279-293. [PMID: 34014424 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer mortality and an improved understanding of its pathology is critical to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Mechanism-based therapeutic strategies require insight into the timing of tumor cell dissemination, seeding of distant organs, formation of occult lesions and critically, their release from dormancy. Due to imaging limitations, primary tumors can only be detected when they reach a relatively large size (e.g. > 1 cm3), which, based on our understanding of tumor evolution, occurs approximately 10 years and about 30 doubling times following tumor initiation. Genomic profiling of paired primary tumors and metastases has suggested that tumor seeding at secondary sites occurs early during tumor progression and frequently, years prior to clinical diagnosis. Following seeding, tumor cells may enter into and remain in a dormant state, and if they survive and are released from dormancy, they can proliferate into an overt lesion. The timeline of tumor initiation and metastatic dormancy is regulated by tumor interactions with its microenvironment, angiogenesis, and tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Therefore, a better understanding of the cellular interactions responsible for immune evasion and/or tumor cell release from dormancy would facilitate the development of therapeutics targeted against this critical part of tumor progression. The immunosuppressive mechanisms mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to tumor progression and, we posit, promote tumor cell escape from CTL-associated dormancy. Thus, while clinical and translational research has demonstrated a role for MDSCs in facilitating tumor progression and metastasis through tumor escape from adoptive and innate immune responses (T-, natural killer and B-cell responses), few studies have considered the role of MDSCs in tumor release from dormancy. In this review, we discuss MDSC expansion, driven by tumor burden associated growth factor secretion and their role in tumor cell escape from dormancy, resulting in manifest metastases. Thus, the therapeutic strategies to inhibit MDSC expansion and function may provide an approach to delay metastatic relapse and prolong the survival of patients with advanced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kathryn Cole
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5950, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.
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56
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Linklater ES, Duncan ED, Han KJ, Kaupinis A, Valius M, Lyons TR, Prekeris R. Rab40-Cullin5 complex regulates EPLIN and actin cytoskeleton dynamics during cell migration. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212111. [PMID: 33999101 PMCID: PMC8129794 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab40b is a SOCS box–containing protein that regulates the secretion of MMPs to facilitate extracellular matrix remodeling during cell migration. Here, we show that Rab40b interacts with Cullin5 via the Rab40b SOCS domain. We demonstrate that loss of Rab40b–Cullin5 binding decreases cell motility and invasive potential and show that defective cell migration and invasion stem from alteration to the actin cytoskeleton, leading to decreased invadopodia formation, decreased actin dynamics at the leading edge, and an increase in stress fibers. We also show that these stress fibers anchor at less dynamic, more stable focal adhesions. Mechanistically, changes in the cytoskeleton and focal adhesion dynamics are mediated in part by EPLIN, which we demonstrate to be a binding partner of Rab40b and a target for Rab40b–Cullin5-dependent localized ubiquitylation and degradation. Thus, we propose a model where Rab40b–Cullin5-dependent ubiquitylation regulates EPLIN localization to promote cell migration and invasion by altering focal adhesion and cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Linklater
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Emily D Duncan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ke-Jun Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, Aurora, CO
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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57
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Zalfa C, Paust S. Natural Killer Cell Interactions With Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633205. [PMID: 34025641 PMCID: PMC8133367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of cancer cells, tumor stroma, a mixture of tissue-resident and infiltrating immune cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in fighting tumors, but chronic stimulation and immunosuppression in the TME lead to NK cell exhaustion and limited antitumor functions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive activity that gradually accumulate in tumor tissues. MDSCs interact with innate and adaptive immune cells and play a crucial role in negatively regulating the immune response to tumors. This review discusses MDSC-mediated NK cell regulation within the TME, focusing on critical cellular and molecular interactions. We review current strategies that target MDSC-mediated immunosuppression to enhance NK cell cytotoxic antitumor activity. We also speculate on how NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapy could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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58
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Pal K, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang X. Ubiquitous membrane-bound DNase activity in podosomes and invadopodia. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212028. [PMID: 33904858 PMCID: PMC8082437 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes and invadopodia, collectively termed invadosomes, are adhesive and degradative membrane structures formed in many types of cells and are well known for recruiting various proteases. However, another major class of degradative enzymes, deoxyribonuclease (DNase), remains unconfirmed and not studied in invadosomes. Here, using surface-immobilized nuclease sensor (SNS), we demonstrated that invadosomes recruit DNase to their core regions, which degrade extracellular double-stranded DNA. We further identified the DNase as GPI-anchored membrane-bound DNase X. DNase recruitment is ubiquitous and consistent in invadosomes of all tested cell types. DNase activity exhibits within a minute after actin nucleation, functioning concomitantly with protease in podosomes but preceding it in invadopodia. We further showed that macrophages form DNase-active podosome rosettes surrounding bacteria or micropatterned antigen islets, and the podosomes directly degrade bacterial DNA on a surface, exhibiting an apparent immunological function. Overall, this work reports DNase in invadosomes for the first time, suggesting a richer arsenal of degradative enzymes in invadosomes than known before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Pal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Yuanchang Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Yongliang Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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59
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The multiple roles of actin-binding proteins at invadopodia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33962752 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions that facilitate cancer cell dissemination by focusing on proteolytic activity and clearing paths for migration through physical barriers, such as basement membranes, dense extracellular matrices, and endothelial cell junctions. Invadopodium formation and activity require spatially and temporally regulated changes in actin filament organization and dynamics. About three decades of research have led to a remarkable understanding of how these changes are orchestrated by sequential recruitment and coordinated activity of different sets of actin-binding proteins. In this chapter, we provide an update on the roles of the actin cytoskeleton during the main stages of invadopodium development with a particular focus on actin polymerization machineries and production of pushing forces driving extracellular matrix remodeling.
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60
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Cui C, Lan P, Fu L. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:442-471. [PMID: 33773092 PMCID: PMC8211353 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer encompasses a range of malignancies that originate in the digestive system, which together represent the most common form of cancer diagnosed worldwide. However, despite numerous advances in both diagnostics and treatment, the incidence and mortality rate of GI cancer are on the rise. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that increase in number under certain pathological conditions, such as infection and inflammation, and this expansion is of particular relevance to cancer. MDSCs are heavily involved in the regulation of the immune system and act to dampen its response to tumors, favoring the escape of tumor cells from immunosurveillance and increasing both metastasis and recurrence. Several recent studies have supported the use of MDSCs as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in patients with cancer, and potentially as a novel treatment target. In the present review, the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs are described, and recent researches concerning the involvement of MDSCs in the progression, prognosis, and therapies of GI cancer are reviewed. The aim of this work was to present the development of novel treatments targeting MDSCs in GI cancer in the hope of improving outcomes for patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Penglin Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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61
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Pedersen NM, Wenzel EM, Wang L, Antoine S, Chavrier P, Stenmark H, Raiborg C. Protrudin-mediated ER-endosome contact sites promote MT1-MMP exocytosis and cell invasion. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151827. [PMID: 32479595 PMCID: PMC7401796 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells break tissue barriers by use of small actin-rich membrane protrusions called invadopodia. Complete invadopodia maturation depends on protrusion outgrowth and the targeted delivery of the matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP via endosomal transport by mechanisms that are not known. Here, we show that the ER protein Protrudin orchestrates invadopodia maturation and function. Protrudin formed contact sites with MT1-MMP-positive endosomes that contained the RAB7-binding Kinesin-1 adaptor FYCO1, and depletion of RAB7, FYCO1, or Protrudin inhibited MT1-MMP-dependent extracellular matrix degradation and cancer cell invasion by preventing anterograde translocation and exocytosis of MT1-MMP. Moreover, when endosome translocation or exocytosis was inhibited by depletion of Protrudin or Synaptotagmin VII, respectively, invadopodia were unable to expand and elongate. Conversely, when Protrudin was overexpressed, noncancerous cells developed prominent invadopodia-like protrusions and showed increased matrix degradation and invasion. Thus, Protrudin-mediated ER-endosome contact sites promote cell invasion by facilitating translocation of MT1-MMP-laden endosomes to the plasma membrane, enabling both invadopodia outgrowth and MT1-MMP exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ling Wang
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Antoine
- Research Center, Institut Curie, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Research Center, Institut Curie, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Cheng X, Cheng K. Visualizing cancer extravasation: from mechanistic studies to drug development. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:71-88. [PMID: 33156478 PMCID: PMC7897269 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process that accounts for the majority of cancer-related death. By the end of metastasize dissemination, circulating tumor cells (CTC) need to extravasate the blood vessels at metastatic sites to form new colonization. Although cancer cell extravasation is a crucial step in cancer metastasis, it has not been successfully targeted by current anti-metastasis strategies due to the lack of a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process. This review focuses on recent progress in cancer extravasation visualization techniques, including the development of both in vitro and in vivo cancer extravasation models, that shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, multiple cancer extravasation stages, such as the adhesion to the endothelium and transendothelial migration, are successfully probed using these technologies. Moreover, the roles of different cell adhesive molecules, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as the mechanical factors in these stages are well illustrated. Deeper understandings of cancer extravasation mechanisms offer us new opportunities to escalate the discovery of anti-extravasation drugs and therapies and improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Groth C, Arpinati L, Shaul ME, Winkler N, Diester K, Gengenbacher N, Weber R, Arkhypov I, Lasser S, Petrova V, Augustin HG, Altevogt P, Utikal J, Fridlender ZG, Umansky V. Blocking Migration of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibits Mouse Melanoma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040726. [PMID: 33578808 PMCID: PMC7916588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a heterogeneous myeloid cell population that is expanded in tumor bearing hosts and substantially contributes to immunosuppression, representing thereby a valuable therapeutic target. Our study analyzes polymorphonuclear (PMN) and monocytic (M) MDSC subsets regarding their immunosuppressive capacity and recruitment mechanisms in murine melanoma. The immunosuppressive activity of both subsets was comparable. We identified the C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor (CXCR) 2/chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 1 axis as an important mediator of PMN-MDSC recruitment. Inhibition of CXCR2 resulted in a decreased infiltration of tumors with PMN-MDSC and increased survival of melanoma bearing mice. Furthermore, adjuvant treatment of mice with resected tumors reduced the infiltration of pre-metastatic sites with PMN-MDSC and the occurrence of distant metastasis. The decrease in PMN-MDSC infiltration was accompanied by an increase in natural killer (NK) cell frequency, suggesting an important role of PMN-MDSC in suppressing the NK cell-mediated anti-tumor response. Abstract Background: Despite recent improvement in the treatment of malignant melanoma by immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the disease can progress due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) mainly represented by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). However, the relative contribution of the polymorphonuclear (PMN) and monocytic (M) MDSC subsets to melanoma progression is not clear. Here, we compared both subsets regarding their immunosuppressive capacity and recruitment mechanisms. Furthermore, we inhibited PMN-MDSC migration in vivo to determine its effect on tumor progression. Methods: Using the RET transgenic melanoma mouse model, we investigated the immunosuppressive function of MDSC subsets and chemokine receptor expression on these cells. The effect of CXCR2 inhibition on PMN-MDSC migration and tumor progression was studied in RET transgenic mice and in C57BL/6 mice after surgical resection of primary melanomas. Results: Immunosuppressive capacity of intratumoral M- and PMN-MDSC was comparable in melanoma bearing mice. Anti-CXCR2 therapy prolonged survival of these mice and decreased the occurrence of distant metastasis. Furthermore, this therapy reduced the infiltration of melanoma lesions and pre-metastatic sites with PMN-MDSC that was associated with the accumulation of natural killer (NK) cells. Conclusions: We provide evidence for the tumor−promoting properties of PMN-MDSC as well as for the anti-tumor effects upon their targeting in melanoma bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Groth
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (M.E.S.); (Z.G.F.)
| | - Merav E. Shaul
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (M.E.S.); (Z.G.F.)
| | - Nina Winkler
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klara Diester
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.G.); (H.G.A.)
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Weber
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ihor Arkhypov
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Samantha Lasser
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Petrova
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.G.); (H.G.A.)
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zvi G. Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (M.E.S.); (Z.G.F.)
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-3833773
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Decotret LR, Wadsworth BJ, Li LV, Lim CJ, Bennewith KL, Pallen CJ. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPα) mediates MMP14 localization and facilitates triple-negative breast cancer cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:567-578. [PMID: 33566639 PMCID: PMC8101463 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to invade surrounding tissues requires degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invasive structures, such as invadopodia, form on the plasma membranes of cancer cells and secrete ECM-degrading proteases that play crucial roles in cancer cell invasion. We have previously shown that the protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPα) regulates focal adhesion formation and migration of normal cells. Here we report a novel role for PTPα in promoting triple-negative breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. We show that PTPα knockdown reduces ECM degradation and cellular invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through Matrigel. PTPα is not a component of TKS5-positive structures resembling invadopodia; rather, PTPα localizes with endosomal structures positive for MMP14, caveolin-1, and early endosome antigen 1. Furthermore, PTPα regulates MMP14 localization to plasma membrane protrusions, suggesting a role for PTPα in intracellular trafficking of MMP14. Importantly, we show that orthotopic MDA-MB-231 tumors depleted in PTPα exhibit reduced invasion into the surrounding mammary fat pad. These findings suggest a novel role for PTPα in regulating the invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Decotret
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Brennan J Wadsworth
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Ling Vicky Li
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Chinten J Lim
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Kevin L Bennewith
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Catherine J Pallen
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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Ma N, Li X, Wei H, Zhang H, Zhang S. Circular RNA circNFATC3 acts as a miR-9-5p sponge to promote cervical cancer development by upregulating SDC2. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:93-107. [PMID: 32902825 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a class of regulatory RNAs that are thought to play important roles in tumor initiation and progression. Several studies have reported that circRNAs may be involved in various biological processes via networks of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, the regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in cervical cancer (CC) still largely remain to be resolved. METHODS CircNFATC3 (hsa_circ_0005615) expression was assessed in CC cell lines (SiHa, H8) using circRNA microarray analysis, whereas qRT-PCR was used to detect circNFATC3 and miR-9-5p expression in primary human CC tissues and cell lines. The tumor promoting role of circNFATC3 was verified in CC cells using a series of functional assays, and interactions between circNFATC3, miR-9-5p and syndecan-2 (SDC2) were investigated using dual-luciferase reporter assays. SDC2 protein expression was detected using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The tumor promoting role of circNFATC3 was confirmed in vivo using a CC xenograft model. RESULTS We found that circNFATC3 expression was upregulated in primary CC tissues and positively correlated with CC tumor size and stromal invasion. In addition, we found that exogenous circNFATC3 overexpression enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of HeLa cells, while its knockdown reduced the malignancy of SiHa cells. We also found that circNFATC3 may act directly as a miR-9-5p sponge to regulate SDC2 expression and its downstream signaling pathways, thereby enhancing CC development. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that circNFATC3 sponges miR-9-5p to regulate SDC2 expression and, thereby, to promote CC tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningye Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, China.
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Jiang H, Tang JY, Xue D, Chen YM, Wu TC, Zhuang QF, He XZ. Apolipoprotein C1 stimulates the malignant process of renal cell carcinoma via the Wnt3a signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:41. [PMID: 33430855 PMCID: PMC7802262 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a clinically common tumor in the urinary system, showing an upward trend of both incidence and mortality. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) has been identified as a vital regulator in tumor progression. This study aims to uncover the biological function of APOC1 in RCC process and the underlying mechanism. Methods Differential levels of APOC1 in RCC samples and normal tissues in a downloaded TCGA profile and clinical samples collected in our center were detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The prognostic value of APOC1 in RCC was assessed by depicting Kaplan–Meier survival curves. After intervening APOC1 level by transfection of sh-APOC1 or oe-APOC1, changes in phenotypes of RCC cells were examined through CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell assay and flow cytometry. Subsequently, protein levels of EMT-related genes influenced by APOC1 were determined by Western blot. The involvement of the Wnt3a signaling in APOC1-regulated malignant process of RCC was then examined through a series of rescue experiments. Finally, a RCC xenograft model was generated in nude mice, aiming to further clarify the in vivo function of APOC1 in RCC process. Results APOC1 was upregulated in RCC samples. Notably, its level was correlated to overall survival of RCC patients, displaying a certain prognostic value. APOC1 was able to stimulate proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities in RCC cells. The Wnt3a signaling was identified to be involved in APOC1-mediated RCC process. Notably, Wnt3a was able to reverse the regulatory effects of APOC1 on RCC cell phenotypes. In vivo knockdown of APOC1 in xenografted nude mice slowed down the growth of RCC. Conclusions APOC1 stimulates the malignant process of RCC via targeting the Wnt3a signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yuan Tang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Meng Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Chun Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Feng Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Zhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Drakes ML, Stiff PJ. Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Immune Suppression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1330:33-54. [PMID: 34339029 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73359-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer generally escapes diagnosis until the advanced stages. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most frequently occurring form of this malaise and is a disease which has the highest mortality rate of gynecologic cancers. Over recent years it has been revealed that the course of such cancers can be significantly influenced by the nature of immune cells in tumors at the time of diagnosis and by immune cells induced by therapy. Numerous investigators have since focused on disease biology to identify biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Yet, while over the past decade there have been significant improvements in state-of-the-art surgery for ovarian cancer as frontline therapy, there have been limited advancements in the development of novel curative or management drugs for this disease. This chapter discusses the major elements of immune suppression in HGSOC from a biological viewpoint, mechanisms of overcoming resistance to therapies, and recent therapy aimed at improving patient care and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Drakes
- Department of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Patrick J Stiff
- Department of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Sinomenine inhibits hypoxia induced breast cancer side population cells metastasis by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 31:115986. [PMID: 33412412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sinomenine is an alkaloid derived from Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. Our previous studies suggested that sinomenine can inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer. However, whether sinomenine can inhibit the metastasis characteristics of breast cancer side population (SP) cells is still unknown. In present study, we isolated the side population (SP) cells from MDA-MB-231 cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). MDA-MB-231 SP cells were treated with different concentrations of sinomenine at the absence or presence of hypoxia, and cell viability were measured by CCK-8 assay. The transwell invasive assay were conducted to assess of the effect of sinomenine on the invasion of hypoxic MDA-MB-231 SP cells. The protein expression was detected by Western blot assay. Sinomenine inhibited the cell viability and invasion of hypoxic MDA-MB-231 SP cells. Western blot assay results showed that the upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by hypoxia was inversed by sinomenine. Additionally, it was found that sinomenine suppressed the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway under hypoxia in MDA-MB-231 SP cells. Moreover, the inhibiton of sinomenine on metastasis of hypoxic MDA-MB-231SP cells and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway could be rescued by PI3K activator IGF-1. Our study suggested that sinomenine inhibits invasion of breast cancer SP cells under hypoxia through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Niland S, Eble JA. Hold on or Cut? Integrin- and MMP-Mediated Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010238. [PMID: 33379400 PMCID: PMC7794804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become the focus of interest in cancer research and treatment. It includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-modifying enzymes that are secreted by cancer and neighboring cells. The ECM serves both to anchor the tumor cells embedded in it and as a means of communication between the various cellular and non-cellular components of the TME. The cells of the TME modify their surrounding cancer-characteristic ECM. This in turn provides feedback to them via cellular receptors, thereby regulating, together with cytokines and exosomes, differentiation processes as well as tumor progression and spread. Matrix remodeling is accomplished by altering the repertoire of ECM components and by biophysical changes in stiffness and tension caused by ECM-crosslinking and ECM-degrading enzymes, in particular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These can degrade ECM barriers or, by partial proteolysis, release soluble ECM fragments called matrikines, which influence cells inside and outside the TME. This review examines the changes in the ECM of the TME and the interaction between cells and the ECM, with a particular focus on MMPs.
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Guenzle J, Akasaka H, Joechle K, Reichardt W, Venkatasamy A, Hoeppner J, Hellerbrand C, Fichtner-Feigl S, Lang SA. Pharmacological Inhibition of mTORC2 Reduces Migration and Metastasis in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010030. [PMID: 33375117 PMCID: PMC7792954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapy, liver metastasis from melanoma is still associated with poor prognosis. Although targeting the mTOR signaling pathway exerts potent anti-tumor activity, little is known about specific mTORC2 inhibition regarding liver metastasis. Using the novel mTORC2 specific inhibitor JR-AB2-011, we show significantly reduced migration and invasion capacity by impaired activation of MMP2 in melanoma cells. In addition, blockade of mTORC2 induces cell death by non-apoptotic pathways and reduces tumor cell proliferation rate dose-dependently. Furthermore, a significant reduction of liver metastasis was detected in a syngeneic murine metastasis model upon therapy with JR-AB2-011 as determined by in vivo imaging and necropsy. Hence, our study for the first time highlights the impact of the pharmacological blockade of mTORC2 as a potent novel anti-cancer approach for liver metastasis from melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Guenzle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Harue Akasaka
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Katharina Joechle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Wilfried Reichardt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Aina Venkatasamy
- Department of Radiology Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Service de Radiologie 1, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratory Stress Response and Innovative Therapies “Streinth”, Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jens Hoeppner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg-CCCF, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven A. Lang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.G.); (H.A.); (K.J.); (J.H.); (S.F.-F.)
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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71
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Grzywa TM, Klicka K, Włodarski PK. Regulators at Every Step-How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3709. [PMID: 33321819 PMCID: PMC7763175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
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72
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Hou YQ, Wang YY, Wang XC, Liu Y, Zhang CZ, Chen ZS, Zhang Z, Wang W, Kong DX. Multifaceted anti-colorectal tumor effect of digoxin on HCT8 and SW620 cells in vitro. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:465-475. [PMID: 33442480 PMCID: PMC7793120 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Novel drugs for CRC therapy are urgently needed. Digoxin has been in clinical use for treatment of heart failure and atrial arrhythmias for many years. Fragmentary reports suggested that digoxin might have antitumor efficacy on CRC. Here, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of digoxin on human CRC cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and plate colony formation assay. The effects of digoxin on cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry. The anti-metastatic effect on tumor cells was determined by wound-healing assay and transwell assay. Anti-angiogenic effect was examined by determining the inhibition against proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mechanism study was performed by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and gelatin-zymography assay. Results Digoxin potently inhibited cell proliferation, induced G1-phase and G2/M-phase arrest in colorectal-cancer HCT8 and SW620 cells, respectively. No obvious apoptosis was observed in the treated cells. Anti-metastatic activities were shown on HCT8 cells by inhibiting the migration and invasion. Meanwhile, the expression of MMP2, MMP9, and phosphorylated Integrinβ1 were decreased. Digoxin inhibited the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs and reduced HIF1α expression and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) secretion in HCT8 cells, suggesting anti-angiogenic activity. Furthermore, digoxin significantly reversed ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance on SW620/Ad300 cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that digoxin has the potential to be applied as an antitumor drug via inhibiting proliferation and metastasis as well as reversing the ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Can Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Ze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Corresponding authors. Zhe Zhang, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China. Tel: +86-22-83336658; Fax: +86-22-83336560; . Wei Wang, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China. Tel: +86-22-23626991;
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Corresponding authors. Zhe Zhang, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China. Tel: +86-22-83336658; Fax: +86-22-83336560; . Wei Wang, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China. Tel: +86-22-23626991;
| | - De-Xin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Tianjin Tianshi College, Tianyuan University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Regulators at Every Step—How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709
expr 991289423 + 939431153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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74
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Mondal C, Di Martino JS, Bravo-Cordero JJ. Actin dynamics during tumor cell dissemination. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 360:65-98. [PMID: 33962751 PMCID: PMC8246644 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic network that regulates cellular behavior from development to disease. By rearranging the actin cytoskeleton, cells are capable of migrating and invading during developmental processes; however, many of these cellular properties are hijacked by cancer cells to escape primary tumors and disseminate to distant organs in the body. In this review article, we highlight recent work describing how cancer cells regulate the actin cytoskeleton to achieve efficient invasion and metastatic colonization. We also review new imaging technologies that are capable of revealing the complex architecture and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton during motility and invasion of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Mondal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julie S Di Martino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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75
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Catharanthus roseus L. extract downregulates the expression profile of motility-related genes in highly invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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76
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Muñoz M, Rosso M, Coveñas R. Triple Negative Breast Cancer: How Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists Could Be Used as a New Therapeutic Approach. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:408-417. [PMID: 31721701 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191112152642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females. BC cells not showing HER-2/Neu amplification and not expressing estrogen/ progesterone receptors are named triple-negative BC (TNBC) cells. TNBC represents 10-15% of all BC and is associated with an aggressive clinical course. TNBC patient prognosis, survival and response to current therapies are poor and for this reason, it is crucial to search for new therapeutic targets in TNBC to develop new therapeutic strategies. One of these targets is the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). It is well known that the substance P (SP)/NK-1R system is involved in cancer progression. TNBC cells overexpress the NK-1R and, after binding to this receptor, SP promotes the proliferation/ migration of TNBC cells. Non-peptide NK-1R antagonists (e.g., aprepitant) are known to exert, via the NK-1R, an antitumor action; TNBC cells die by apoptosis. In this review, we update the data on a promising therapeutic innovation: the use of NK-1R antagonists for the treatment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marisa Rosso
- Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y Leon (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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77
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Su W, Shen Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Hong X, Chen Y, Lin Y, Yang H. circPHIP promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression by sponging miR-142-5p and regulating PHIP and ACTN4 expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 23:185-199. [PMID: 33376626 PMCID: PMC7744814 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered class of noncoding RNAs that plays key regulatory role in pathological development, including the regulation of several solid tumors. However, the effects of circRNA expression on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. With the use of high-throughput RNA sequencing data on eight paired oral cancer and adjacent healthy tissues, we observed that circRNA derived from the gene encoding pleckstrin homology domain-interacting protein (circPHIP) was highly expressed in OSCC. Additionally, circPHIP was highly expressed in other OSCC-related cell lines and was associated with tumor metastasis, TNM stage, and human papilloma virus infection status. The inhibition of circPHIP expression reduced OSCC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. We found that circPHIP could adsorb microRNA (miR)-142-5p and upregulate the expression of PHIP and alpha-actinin 4 (ACTN4), both of which are potential oncogenes closely related to OSCC prognosis. The inhibition of miR-142-5p or overexpressing PHIP or ACTN4 reversed the circPHIP depletion-induced attenuation of OSCC malignancy. In conclusion, circPHIP is overexpressed in OSCC and enhances its malignancy via an miR-142-5p/PHIP-ACTN4/AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 signaling axis. Therefore, circPHIP may represent a novel target for treating OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuehong Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
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Advances in Understanding TKS4 and TKS5: Molecular Scaffolds Regulating Cellular Processes from Podosome and Invadopodium Formation to Differentiation and Tissue Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218117. [PMID: 33143131 PMCID: PMC7663256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold proteins are typically thought of as multi-domain "bridging molecules." They serve as crucial regulators of key signaling events by simultaneously binding multiple participants involved in specific signaling pathways. In the case of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) binding, the activated EGFR contacts cytosolic SRC tyrosine-kinase, which then becomes activated. This process leads to the phosphorylation of SRC-substrates, including the tyrosine kinase substrates (TKS) scaffold proteins. The TKS proteins serve as a platform for the recruitment of key players in EGFR signal transduction, promoting cell spreading and migration. The TKS4 and the TKS5 scaffold proteins are tyrosine kinase substrates with four or five SH3 domains, respectively. Their structural features allow them to recruit and bind a variety of signaling proteins and to anchor them to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. Until recently, TKS4 and TKS5 had been recognized for their involvement in cellular motility, reactive oxygen species-dependent processes, and embryonic development, among others. However, a number of novel functions have been discovered for these molecules in recent years. In this review, we attempt to cover the diverse nature of the TKS molecules by discussing their structure, regulation by SRC kinase, relevant signaling pathways, and interaction partners, as well as their involvement in cellular processes, including migration, invasion, differentiation, and adipose tissue and bone homeostasis. We also describe related pathologies and the established mouse models.
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79
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Hellinger JW, Schömel F, Buse JV, Lenz C, Bauerschmitz G, Emons G, Gründker C. Identification of drivers of breast cancer invasion by secretome analysis: insight into CTGF signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17889. [PMID: 33087801 PMCID: PMC7578015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An altered consistency of tumor microenvironment facilitates the progression of the tumor towards metastasis. Here we combine data from secretome and proteome analysis using mass spectrometry with microarray data from mesenchymal transformed breast cancer cells (MCF-7-EMT) to elucidate the drivers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell invasion. Suppression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) reduced invasion in 2D and 3D invasion assays and expression of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI), Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and lysyl oxidase (LOX), while the adhesion of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) in mesenchymal transformed breast cancer cells is increased. In contrast, an enhanced expression of CTGF leads to an increased 3D invasion, expression of fibronectin 1 (FN1), secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) and CD44 and a reduced cell ECM adhesion. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist Triptorelin reduces CTGF expression in a Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-dependent manner. Our results suggest that CTGF drives breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and therefore could be an attractive therapeutic target for drug development to prevent the spread of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna W Hellinger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schömel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith V Buse
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Bauerschmitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Grillo E, Corsini M, Ravelli C, di Somma M, Zammataro L, Monti E, Presta M, Mitola S. A novel variant of VEGFR2 identified by a pan-cancer screening of recurrent somatic mutations in the catalytic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors enhances tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2020; 496:84-92. [PMID: 33035615 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In cancer genomics, recurrence of mutations in gene families that share homologous domains has recently emerged as a reliable indicator of functional impact and can be exploited to reveal the pro-oncogenic effect of previously uncharacterized variants. Pan-cancer analyses of mutation hotspots in the catalytic domain of a subset of tyrosine kinase receptors revealed that two infrequent mutations of VEGFR2 (R1051Q and D1052N) recur in analogous proteins and correlate with reduced patient survival. Functional validation showed that both R1051Q and D1052N mutations increase the enzymatic activity of VEGFR2. The expression of VEGFR2R1051Q potentiates the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in cancer cells, increasing their tumorigenic potential in vitro and in vivo. In addition, it confers to cancer cells an increased sensitivity to the VEGFR2-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor Linifanib. In the context of an efficacious application of anti-cancer targeted therapies, these findings indicate that the screening for uncharacterized mutations, like VEGFR2R1051Q, may help to predict patient prognosis and drug response, with significant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy; Laboratory for Preventive and Personalized Medicine (MPP Lab), University of Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Margherita di Somma
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Luca Zammataro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy; Laboratory for Preventive and Personalized Medicine (MPP Lab), University of Brescia, 25123, Italy.
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81
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Mierke CT. Mechanical Cues Affect Migration and Invasion of Cells From Three Different Directions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583226. [PMID: 33043017 PMCID: PMC7527720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion is a key driving factor for providing essential cellular functions under physiological conditions or the malignant progression of tumors following downward the metastatic cascade. Although there has been plentiful of molecules identified to support the migration and invasion of cells, the mechanical aspects have not yet been explored in a combined and systematic manner. In addition, the cellular environment has been classically and frequently assumed to be homogeneous for reasons of simplicity. However, motility assays have led to various models for migration covering only some aspects and supporting factors that in some cases also include mechanical factors. Instead of specific models, in this review, a more or less holistic model for cell motility in 3D is envisioned covering all these different aspects with a special emphasis on the mechanical cues from a biophysical perspective. After introducing the mechanical aspects of cell migration and invasion and presenting the heterogeneity of extracellular matrices, the three distinct directions of cell motility focusing on the mechanical aspects are presented. These three different directions are as follows: firstly, the commonly used invasion tests using structural and structure-based mechanical environmental signals; secondly, the mechano-invasion assay, in which cells are studied by mechanical forces to migrate and invade; and thirdly, cell mechanics, including cytoskeletal and nuclear mechanics, to influence cell migration and invasion. Since the interaction between the cell and the microenvironment is bi-directional in these assays, these should be accounted in migration and invasion approaches focusing on the mechanical aspects. Beyond this, there is also the interaction between the cytoskeleton of the cell and its other compartments, such as the cell nucleus. In specific, a three-element approach is presented for addressing the effect of mechanics on cell migration and invasion by including the effect of the mechano-phenotype of the cytoskeleton, nucleus and the cell's microenvironment into the analysis. In precise terms, the combination of these three research approaches including experimental techniques seems to be promising for revealing bi-directional impacts of mechanical alterations of the cellular microenvironment on cells and internal mechanical fluctuations or changes of cells on the surroundings. Finally, different approaches are discussed and thereby a model for the broad impact of mechanics on cell migration and invasion is evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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82
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Hamad HA, Enezei HH, Alrawas A, Zakuan NM, Abdullah NA, Cheah YK, Hashim NFM. Identification of Potential Chemical Substrates as Fuel for Hypoxic Tumors That May Be Linked to Invadopodium Formation in Hypoxia-Induced MDA-MB-231 Breast-Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2020; 25:E3876. [PMID: 32858793 PMCID: PMC7503683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays a significant role in solid tumors by the increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is known to promote cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer-cell invasion dynamically begins with the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via invadopodia formation. The chemical substrates that are utilized by hypoxic cells as fuel to drive invadopodia formation are still not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to maintain MDA-MB-231 cells under hypoxia conditions to allow cells to form a large number of invadopodia as a model, followed by identifying their nutrient utilization. The results of the study revealed an increase in the number of cells forming invadopodia under hypoxia conditions. Moreover, Western blot analysis confirmed that essential proteins for hypoxia and invadopodia, including HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2), and Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7 (β-PIX), significantly increased under hypoxia. Interestingly, phenotype microarray showed that only 11 chemical substrates from 367 types of substrates were significantly metabolized in hypoxia compared to in normoxia. This is thought to be fuel for hypoxia to drive the invasion process. In conclusion, we found 11 chemical substrates that could have potential energy sources for hypoxia-induced invadopodia formation of these cells. This may in part be a target in the hypoxic tumor and invadopodia formation. Additionally, these findings can be used as potential carrier targets in cancer-drug discovery, such as the usage of dextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ali Hamad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.); (Y.K.C.)
- Research and Training Unit, Anbar Cancer Centre, Anbar Health Directorate, Ramadi 31001, Iraq
| | - Hamid Hammad Enezei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Collage of Dentistry, Anbar University, Ramadi 31001, Iraq;
| | - Anmar Alrawas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.); (Y.K.C.)
| | - Noraina Muhamad Zakuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.); (Y.K.C.)
| | - Nurul Akmaryanti Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.); (Y.K.C.)
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.); (Y.K.C.)
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.); (Y.K.C.)
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Fu J, Wu Z, Liu J, Wu T. Vitamin C: A stem cell promoter in cancer metastasis and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110588. [PMID: 32836076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an electron donor and is involved in a variety of biochemical reactions in stem cell and cancer stem cell, as well as collagen synthesis and the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor synthesis, which two affect extracellular matrix remodelling and hence cancer metastasis. Specific doses of vitamin C can stop cancer cell glycolysis and block nitroso synthesis, indicating the potential of vitamin C in cancer treatment. Recent studies preliminary revealed Vitamin C enhance the cancer's immune response to anti PD-L1 therapy through multiple indirect approaches. Herein we reviewed the recent function of vitamin C for further research in sequential aspects of cancer stem cell, extracellular matrix remodeling, cancer metastasis and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyi Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianfu Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
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84
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Fu F, Yang X, Zheng M, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhang S. Role of Transmembrane 4 L Six Family 1 in the Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:202. [PMID: 33015133 PMCID: PMC7461813 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 L six family 1 (TM4SF1) is a protein with four transmembrane domains that belongs to the transmembrane 4 L six family members (TM4SFs). Structurally, TM4SF1 consists of four transmembrane domains (TM1–4), N- and C-terminal intracellular domains, two extracellular domains, a smaller domain between TM1 and TM2, and a larger domain between TM3 and TM4. Within the cell, TM4SF1 is located at the cell surface where it transmits extracellular signals into the cytoplasm. TM4SF1 interacts with tetraspanins, integrin, receptor tyrosine kinases, and other proteins to form tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. This interaction affects the pro-migratory activity of the cells, and thus it plays important roles in the development and progression of cancer. TM4SF1 has been shown to be overexpressed in many malignant tumors, including gliomas; malignant melanomas; and liver, prostate, breast, pancreatic, bladder, colon, lung, gastric, ovarian, and thyroid cancers. TM4SF1 promotes the migration and invasion of cancer cells by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, self-renewal ability, tumor angiogenesis, invadopodia formation, and regulating the related signaling pathway. TM4SF1 is an independent prognostic indicator and biomarker in several cancers. It also promotes drug resistance, which is a major cause of therapeutic failure. These characteristics make TM4SF1 an attractive target for antibody-based immunotherapy. Here, we review the many functions of TM4SF1 in malignant tumors, with the aim to understand the interaction between its expression and the biological behaviors of cancer and to supply a basis for exploring new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Fu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Tianjin Rehabilitation Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zugui Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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Liao ZY, Liang IC, Li HJ, Wu CC, Lo HM, Chang DC, Hung CF. Chrysin Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Migration on Chorioretinal Endothelial Cells via VEGF and VEGFR Down-Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155541. [PMID: 32748894 PMCID: PMC7432058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which causes multiple complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is among these complications and is a dominant cause of vision loss for diabetic patients. Numerous studies have shown that chrysin, a flavonoid, has many biological activities such as anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. However, it is rarely used in ocular diseases. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of flavonoid on high glucose induced migration of chorioretinal endothelial cells (RF/6A cells) and its mechanism. Materials and methods: The viability of RF/6A cells treated with chrysin was examined with a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The migration of RF/6A cells was assessed by the transwell migration and scratch wound assays. The expression of AKT, ERK, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), HIF−1α and MMP-2 were determined by western blotting. To observe the mRNA expression of VEGF receptor (VEGFR), qRT-PCR, was utilized. Results: The results showed that chrysin can dose-dependently inhibit the RF/6A cell migration in vitro transwell and the scratch wound assays which are induced by high glucose. After pretreatment of RF/6A cells with different concentrations of chrysin, they did not produce any cytotoxicity in MTT assay. Moreover, chrysin down-regulated both phosphorylated AKT and ERK, as well as attenuated the expression levels of MMP-2. It also decreased the expression of the VEGF transcription factor and VEGF. Furthermore, it was shown that chrysin could suppress the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGFR. Conclusion: The results indicate that chrysin could down-regulate the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK and MMP-2 and reduce the effects of VEGF and VEGFR in a high glucose environment. It further inhibits the high glucose-induced migration of RE/6A cells. Therefore, chrysin may have the potential for visual protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan;
| | - I-Chia Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Li
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Huey-Ming Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Der-Chen Chang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- MS Program Transdisciplinary Long Term Care, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2905-2171
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Sharma P, Parveen S, Shah LV, Mukherjee M, Kalaidzidis Y, Kozielski AJ, Rosato R, Chang JC, Datta S. SNX27-retromer assembly recycles MT1-MMP to invadopodia and promotes breast cancer metastasis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:132732. [PMID: 31820782 PMCID: PMC7039210 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling of MT-MMPs to actin-rich membrane-protrusive structures promotes breast cancer invasion. This study shows that SNX27–retromer, an endosomal sorting and recycling machinery, interacts with MT1-MMP and regulates its transport to the cell surface, thus promoting matrix invasive activity of the breast cancer cells. A variety of metastatic cancer cells use actin-rich membrane protrusions, known as invadopodia, for efficient ECM degradation, which involves trafficking of proteases from intracellular compartments to these structures. Here, we demonstrate that in the metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, retromer regulates the matrix invasion activity by recycling matrix metalloprotease, MT1-MMP. We further found that MT2-MMP, another abundantly expressed metalloprotease, is also invadopodia associated. MT1- and MT2-MMP showed a high degree of colocalization but were located on the distinct endosomal domains. Retromer and its associated sorting nexin, SNX27, phenocopied each other in matrix degradation via selectively recycling MT1-MMP but not MT2-MMP. ITC-based studies revealed that both SNX27 and retromer could directly interact with MT1-MMP. Analysis from a publicly available database showed SNX27 to be overexpressed or frequently altered in the patients having invasive breast cancer. In xenograft-based studies, SNX27-depleted cell lines showed prolonged survival of SCID mice, suggesting a possible implication for overexpression of the sorting nexin in tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Lekha V Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Madhumita Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Yannis Kalaidzidis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Sunando Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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Baster Z, Li L, Rajfur Z, Huang C. Talin2 mediates secretion and trafficking of matrix metallopeptidase 9 during invadopodium formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Small Ones to Fight a Big Problem-Intervention of Cancer Metastasis by Small Molecules. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061454. [PMID: 32503267 PMCID: PMC7352875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis represents the most lethal attribute of cancer and critically limits successful therapies in many tumor entities. The clinical need is defined by the fact that all cancer patients, who have or who will develop distant metastasis, will experience shorter survival. Thus, the ultimate goal in cancer therapy is the restriction of solid cancer metastasis by novel molecularly targeted small molecule based therapies. Biomarkers identifying cancer patients at high risk for metastasis and simultaneously acting as key drivers for metastasis are extremely desired. Clinical interventions targeting these key molecules will result in high efficiency in metastasis intervention. In result of this, personalized tailored interventions for restriction and prevention of cancer progression and metastasis will improve patient survival. This review defines crucial biological steps of the metastatic cascade, such as cell dissemination, migration and invasion as well as the action of metastasis suppressors. Targeting these biological steps with tailored therapeutic strategies of intervention or even prevention of metastasis using a wide range of small molecules will be discussed.
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Stigmasterol Causes Ovarian Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060488. [PMID: 32481565 PMCID: PMC7356731 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phytosterols have physiological effects and are used as medicines or food supplements. Stigmasterol has shown anticancer effects against various cancers such as hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gall bladder carcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma and skin, gastric, breast, prostate, and cervical cancer. However, there are no reports on stigmasterol’s effects on ovarian cancer. Methods: We investigated the effects of stigmasterol on proapoptotic signals, mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species production, and the cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium levels in human ovarian cancer cells, to understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of stigmasterol on ovarian cancer cells. We also conducted migration assay to confirm whether that stigmasterol inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration. Results: Stigmasterol inhibited development of human ovarian cancer cells. However, it induced cell apoptosis, ROS production, and calcium overload in ES2 and OV90 cells. In addition, stigmasterol stimulated cell death by activating the ER-mitochondrial axis. We confirmed that stigmasterol suppressed cell migration and angiogenesis genes in human ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that stigmasterol can be used as a new treatment for ovarian cancer.
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90
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Chakrabarty A, Surendran S, Bhola NE, Mishra VS, Wani TH, Baghel KS, Arteaga CL, Garg R, Chowdhury G. The H1047R PIK3CA oncogene induces a senescence-like state, pleiotropy and acute HSP90 dependency in HER2+ mammary epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1179-1190. [PMID: 31219154 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In pre-clinical models, co-existence of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2)-amplification and PI3K catalytic subunit (PIK3CA) mutations results in aggressive, anti-HER2 therapy-resistant breast tumors. This is not always reflected in clinical setting. We speculated that the complex interaction between the HER2 and PIK3CA oncogenes is responsible for such inconsistency. We performed series of biochemical, molecular and cellular assays on genetically engineered isogenic mammary epithelial cell lines and breast cancer cells expressing both oncogenes. In vitro observations were validated in xenografts models. We showed that H1047R, one of the most common PIK3CA mutations, is responsible for endowing a senescence-like state in mammary epithelial cells overexpressing HER2. Instead of imposing a permanent growth arrest characteristic of oncogene-induced senescence, the proteome secreted by the mutant cells promotes stem cell enrichment, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, altered immune surveillance and acute vulnerability toward HSP90 inhibition. We inferred that the pleiotropism, as observed here, conferred by the mutated oncogene, depending on the host microenvironment, contributes to conflicting pre-clinical and clinical characteristics of HER2+, mutated PIK3CA-bearing tumor cells. We also came up with a plausible model for evolution of breast tumors from mammary epithelial cells harboring these two molecular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreeraj Surendran
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neil E Bhola
- IDEAYA Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vishnu S Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Khemraj S Baghel
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- University of Texas Southwestern and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rohini Garg
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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91
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Li X, Ma N, Zhang Y, Wei H, Zhang H, Pang X, Li X, Wu D, Wang D, Yang Z, Zhang S. Circular RNA circNRIP1 promotes migration and invasion in cervical cancer by sponging miR-629-3p and regulating the PTP4A1/ERK1/2 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:399. [PMID: 32457332 PMCID: PMC7251091 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs play essential roles in tumorigenesis and development. However, the role of circRNAs in cervical cancer (CC) remains unclear. CircRNA microarrays performed on the immortal cervical cell line H8 and the cervical cancer cell line SiHa were used to identify a circRNA, termed circNRIP1 (hsa_circ_0004771), which was upregulated in SiHa. QRT-PCR confirmed that circNRIP1 was upregulated in CC tissues, where its expression was correlated with lymphovascular space invasion. Besides, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that circNRIP1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, we found that miR-629-3p induced tumor suppression by regulating PTP4A1 and the ERK1/2 pathway. Finally, we confirmed that circNRIP1 exerts its effect, at least partially, by sponging miR-629-3p and thereby regulating the PTP4A1/ERK1/2 pathway. Therefore, circNRIP1 may be useful as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ningye Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoao Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Kim SK, Jang SD, Kim H, Chung S, Park JK, Kuh HJ. Phenotypic Heterogeneity and Plasticity of Cancer Cell Migration in a Pancreatic Tumor Three-Dimensional Culture Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051305. [PMID: 32455681 PMCID: PMC7281339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive cancer cell migration is a key feature of metastatic human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated modes of cancer cell invasion using two pancreatic cancer cell lines with differential epithelial–mesenchymal status, PANC-1 and BxPC-3, under 3D culture conditions. Multicellular tumor spheroids (TSs) were grown in a collagen matrix co-cultured with pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) using microchannel chips. PANC-1 cells showed individual migration from TSs via invadopodium formation. BxPC-3 cells showed plasticity between collective and individual migration in either mesenchymal mode, with filopodium-like protrusions, or blebby amoeboid mode. These two cell lines showed significantly different patterns of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, with MMP-dependent degradation in a limited area of ECM around invadopodia for PANC-1 cells, or MMP-independent extensive deformation of ECM for BxPC-3 cells. Cancer cell migration out of the collagen channel significantly increased by PSCs and directional cancer cell migration was mediated by fibronectin deposited by PSCs. Our results highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of PDAC cell migration and ECM remodeling under 3D culture conditions. This 3D co-culture model of pancreatic cancer cells and PSCs offers a useful tool for studying cancer cell migration and ECM remodeling to identify and develop potential molecular targets and anti-cancer agents against human PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-K.K.); (S.D.J.)
| | - So Dam Jang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-K.K.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Hyunho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-K.K.); (S.D.J.)
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Yoshihara M, Yamakita Y, Kajiyama H, Senga T, Koya Y, Yamashita M, Nawa A, Kikkawa F. Filopodia play an important role in the trans-mesothelial migration of ovarian cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 392:112011. [PMID: 32339607 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer cells shed from primary tumors can spread easily to the peritoneum via the peritoneal fluid. To allow further metastasis, the cancer cells must interact with the mesothelial cell layer, which covers the entire surface of the peritoneal organs. Although the clinical importance of this interaction between cancer and mesothelial cells has been increasingly recognized, the molecular mechanisms utilized by cancer cells to adhere to and migrate through the mesothelial cell layer are poorly understood. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cancer cell trans-mesothelial migration, we set up an in vitro trans-mesothelial migration assay using primary peritoneal mesothelial cells. Using this method, we found that downregulation of filopodial protein fascin-1 or myosin X expression in ES-2 cells significantly inhibited the rate of trans-mesothelial migration of cancer cells, whereas upregulation of fascin-1 in SK-OV-3 cells enhanced this rate. Furthermore, downregulation of N-cadherin or integrin β1 inhibited the rate of cancer cell trans-mesothelial migration. Conversely, downregulation of cortactin or TKS5 or treatment with the MMP inhibitor GM6001 or the N-WASP inhibitor wiskostatin did not have any effect on cancer cell trans-mesothelial migration. These results suggest that filopodia, but not lamellipodia or invadopodia, play an important role in the trans-mesothelial migration of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yoshihiko Yamakita
- Bell Research Center-Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Tsushima, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bell Research Center-Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Tsushima, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yamashita
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Tsushima, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nawa
- Bell Research Center-Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Tsushima, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, García-Hernández AA, Ramos C. Matrix Metalloproteinases' Role in Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:97-131. [PMID: 32266655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells evolve in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by the acquisition of characteristics that allow them to initiate their passage through a series of events that constitute the metastatic cascade. For this purpose, tumor cells maintain a crosstalk with TME non-neoplastic cells transforming them into their allies. "Corrupted" cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) as well as neoplastic cells express and secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, TME metabolic conditions such as hypoxia and acidification induce MMPs' synthesis in both cancer and stromal cells. MMPs' participation in TME consists in promoting events, for example, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. MMPs also facilitate tumor cell migration through the basement membrane (BM) and extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of the present chapter is to discuss MMPs' contribution to the evolution of cancer cells, their cellular origin, and their influence in the main processes that take place in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Armando García-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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95
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Knockdown of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-II Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Activity and Suppresses Tumorigenicity in Neuroblastoma Cell Line. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040071. [PMID: 32260356 PMCID: PMC7236022 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) development and progression are accompanied by changes in N-glycans attached to proteins. Here, we investigated the role of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-II (GnTII, MGAT2) protein substrates in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. MGAT2 was silenced in human BE(2)-C NB (HuNB) cells to generate a novel cell line, HuNB(-MGAT2), lacking complex type N-glycans, as in rat B35 NB cells. Changes in N-glycan types were confirmed by lectin binding assays in both cell lines, and the rescued cell line, HuNB(-/+MGAT2). Western blotting of cells heterologously expressing a voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv3.1b) showed that some hybrid N-glycans of Kv3.1b could be processed to complex type in HuNB(-/+MGAT2) cells. In comparing HuNB and HuNB(-MGAT2) cells, decreased complex N-glycans reduced anchorage-independent cell growth, cell proliferation, and cell invasiveness, while they enhanced cell-cell interactions. Cell proliferation, invasiveness and adhesion of the HuNB(-/+MGAT2) cells were more like the HuNB than HuNB(-MGAT2). Western blotting revealed lower protein levels of MMP-2, EGFR and Gab2 in glycosylation mutant cells relative to parental cells. Gelatin zymography demonstrated that decreased MMP-2 protein activity was related to lowered MMP-2 protein levels. Thus, our results support that decreased complex type N-glycans suppress cell proliferation and cell invasiveness in both NB cell lines via remodeling ECM.
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96
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Qi S, Perrino S, Miao X, Lamarche-Vane N, Brodt P. The chemokine CCL7 regulates invadopodia maturation and MMP-9 mediated collagen degradation in liver-metastatic carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 483:98-113. [PMID: 32217106 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases remain a major cause of death from gastrointestinal tract cancers and other malignancies, such as breast and lung carcinomas. Understanding the underlying biology is essential for the design of effective therapies. We previously identified the chemokine CCL7 and its receptor CCR3 as critical mediators of invasion and metastasis in lung and colon carcinoma cells. Here we show that the CCL7/CCR3 axis regulates a late stage in invadopodia genesis namely, the targeting of MMP-9 to the invadopodia complex, thereby promoting invadopodia maturation and collagen degradation. We show that this process could be blocked by overexpression of a dominant negative RhoA in highly invasive cells, while a constitutively active RhoA upregulated invadopodia maturation in CCL7-silenced and poorly invasive and metastatic cells and also enhanced their metastatic potential in vivo, collectively, implicating RhoA activation in signaling downstream of CCL7. Blockade of the ERK or PI3K pathways by chemical inhibitors also inhibited invadopodia formation, but affected the initiation stage of invadopodia genesis. Our data implicate CCL7/CCR3 signaling in invadopodia maturation and suggest that chemokine signaling acts in concert with extracellular matrix-initiated signals to promote invasion and liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Qi
- Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of the Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Perrino
- Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of the Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Xinyu Miao
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of the Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of the Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Oncology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of the Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre 1001 Décarie Blvd, Glen Site, Room E.02.6230, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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97
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Ma LL, Guo LL, Luo Y, Liu GL, Lei Y, Jing FY, Zhang YL, Tong GH, Jing ZL, Shen L, Tang MS, Ding YQ, Deng YJ. Cdc42 subcellular relocation in response to VEGF/NRP1 engagement is associated with the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:171. [PMID: 32139668 PMCID: PMC7058620 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic indications of malignancy and hallmark molecules of cancer are pivotal to determining cancer patient prognosis and subsequent medical intervention. Here, we found that compared to apical expression of Cdc42, which indicated that basal expression of Cdc42 occurred at the migrating cell front, glandular basal expression of Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) in tissues indicated poorer prognoses for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The current study shows that activated Cdc42 was rapidly recruited to the migrating CRC cell front after VEGF stimulation through engagement of membrane-anchored neuropilin-1 (NRP1). When VEGF signalling was blocked with NRP1 knockdown or ATWLPPR (A7R, antagonist of VEGF/NRP1 interaction), Cdc42 activation and relocation to the cell front was attenuated, and filopodia and invadopodia formation was inhibited. The VEGF/NRP1 axis regulates directional migration, invasion, and metastasis through Cdc42 activation and relocation resulting from actin filament polymerisation of the extensions of membrane protrusions. Collectively, the immuno-micromorphological pattern of subcellular Cdc42 at the cell front indicated aggressive behaviours and predicted poor prognosis in CRC patients. Disruption of the intra- and extracellular interactions of the VEGF/NRP1 axis or Cdc42 relocation could be performed in clinical practice because it might inhibit cancer cell motility and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ma
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Guang dong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Guo
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Urinary Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510900, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Long Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Yan Jing
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Gui-Hui Tong
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Southern military Command, 510010, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Jing
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Shen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Shan Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong-Jian Deng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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98
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Trovato R, Canè S, Petrova V, Sartoris S, Ugel S, De Sanctis F. The Engagement Between MDSCs and Metastases: Partners in Crime. Front Oncol 2020; 10:165. [PMID: 32133298 PMCID: PMC7040035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastases represent the major cause of cancer-related mortality, confirming the urgent need to identify key molecular pathways and cell-associated networks during the early phases of the metastatic process to develop new strategies to either prevent or control distal cancer spread. Several data revealed the ability of cancer cells to establish a favorable microenvironment, before their arrival in distant organs, by manipulating the cell composition and function of the new host tissue where cancer cells can survive and outgrow. This predetermined environment is termed “pre-metastatic niche” (pMN). pMN development requires that tumor-derived soluble factors, like cytokines, growth-factors and extracellular vesicles, genetically and epigenetically re-program not only resident cells (i.e., fibroblasts) but also non-resident cells such as bone marrow-derived cells. Indeed, by promoting an “emergency” myelopoiesis, cancer cells switch the steady state production of blood cells toward the generation of pro-tumor circulating myeloid cells defined as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) able to sustain tumor growth and dissemination. MDSCs are a heterogeneous subset of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive properties that sustain metastatic process. In this review, we discuss current understandings of how MDSCs shape and promote metastatic dissemination acting in each fundamental steps of cancer progression from primary tumor to metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Trovato
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Canè
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Varvara Petrova
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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99
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Morgan R, Pandha HS. PBX3 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020431. [PMID: 32069812 PMCID: PMC7072649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PBX3 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor of the pre-B cell leukemia (PBX) family, members of which have extensive roles in early development and some adult processes. A number of features distinguish PBX3 from other PBX proteins, including the ability to form specific and stable interactions with DNA in the absence of cofactors. PBX3 has frequently been reported as having a role in the development and maintenance of a malignant phenotype, and high levels of PBX3 tumor expression have been linked to shorter overall survival in cancer. In this review we consider the similarities and differences in the function of PBX3 in different cancer types and draw together the core signaling pathways involved to help provide a better insight into its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1274-233225; Fax: +44-1274-233234
| | - Hardev S Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
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100
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Liu Y, Lu LL, Wen D, Liu DL, Dong LL, Gao DM, Bian XY, Zhou J, Fan J, Wu WZ. MiR-612 regulates invadopodia of hepatocellular carcinoma by HADHA-mediated lipid reprogramming. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:12. [PMID: 32033570 PMCID: PMC7006096 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-612 (miR-612) has been proven to suppress EMT, stemness, and tumor metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via PI3K/AKT2 and Sp1/Nanog signaling. However, its biological roles on HCC progression are far from elucidated. Methods We found direct downstream target of miR-612, hadha by RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing. To explore its biological characteristic, potential molecular mechanism, and clinical relevance in HCC patients, we performed several in-vitro and in-vivo models, as well as human tissue chip. Results Ectopic expression of miR-612 could partially reverse the level of HADHA, then suppress function of pseudopods, and diminish metastatic and invasive potential of HCC by lipid reprogramming. In detail, miR-612 might reduce invadopodia formation via HADHA-mediated cell membrane cholesterol alteration and accompanied with the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin regulated EMT occurrence. Our results showed that the maximum oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of HCCLM3miR-612-OE and HCCLM3hadha-KD cells were decreased nearly by 40% and 60% of their counterparts (p < 0.05). The levels of acetyl CoA were significantly decreased, about 1/3 (p > 0.05) or 1/2 (p < 0.05) of their controls, in exogenous miR-612 or hadha-shRNA transfected HCCLM3 cell lines. Besides, overexpression of hadha cell lines had a high expression level of total cholesterol, especially 27-hydroxycholesterol (p < 0.005). SREBP2 protein expression level as well as its downstream targets, HMGCS1, HMGCR, MVD, SQLE were all deregulated by HADHA. Meanwhile, the ATP levels were reduced to 1/2 and 1/4 in HCCLM3miR-612-OE (p < 0.05) and HCCLM3hadha-KD (p < 0.01) respectively. Moreover, patients with low miR-612 levels and high HADHA levels had a poor prognosis with shorter overall survival. Conclusion miR-612 can suppress the formation of invadopodia, EMT, and HCC metastasis and by HADHA-mediated lipid programming, which may provide a new insight of miR-612 on tumor metastasis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Lu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Duo Wen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong-Li Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Li-Li Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Bian
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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