51
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Pfefferle A, Jacobs B, Haroun-Izquierdo A, Kveberg L, Sohlberg E, Malmberg KJ. Deciphering Natural Killer Cell Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 32477340 PMCID: PMC7235169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have a central role within the innate immune system, eliminating virally infected, foreign and transformed cells through their natural cytotoxic capacity. Release of their cytotoxic granules is tightly controlled through the balance of a large repertoire of inhibitory and activating receptors, and it is the unique combination of these receptors expressed by individual cells that confers immense diversity both in phenotype and functionality. The diverse, yet unique, NK cell repertoire within an individual is surprisingly stable over time considering the constant renewal of these cells at steady state. Here we give an overview of NK cell differentiation and discuss metabolic requirements, intra-lineage plasticity and transcriptional reprogramming during IL-15-driven homeostatic proliferation. New insights into the regulation of NK cell differentiation and homeostasis could pave the way for the successful implementation of NK cell-based immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Pfefferle
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Jacobs
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alvaro Haroun-Izquierdo
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lise Kveberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ebba Sohlberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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52
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de Mendonça Vieira R, Meagher A, Crespo ÂC, Kshirsagar SK, Iyer V, Norwitz ER, Strominger JL, Tilburgs T. Human Term Pregnancy Decidual NK Cells Generate Distinct Cytotoxic Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3149-3159. [PMID: 32376646 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decidual NK cells (dNK) are the main lymphocyte population in early pregnancy decidual mucosa. Although dNK decrease during pregnancy, they remain present in decidual tissues at term. First trimester dNK facilitate trophoblast invasion, provide protection against infections, and were shown to have many differences in their expression of NKRs, cytokines, and cytolytic capacity compared with peripheral blood NK cells (pNK). However, only limited data are available on the phenotype and function of term pregnancy dNK. In this study, dNK from human term pregnancy decidua basalis and decidua parietalis tissues were compared with pNK and first trimester dNK. Profound differences were found, including: 1) term pregnancy dNK have an increased degranulation response to K562 and PMA/ionomycin but lower capacity to respond to human CMV-infected cells; 2) term pregnancy dNK are not skewed toward recognition of HLA-C, as was previously shown for first trimester dNK; and 3) protein and gene expression profiles identified multiple differences between pNK, first trimester, and term pregnancy dNK, suggesting term pregnancy dNK are a distinct type of NK cells. Understanding the role of dNK throughout pregnancy is of high clinical relevance for studies aiming to prevent placental inflammatory disorders as well as maternal-to-fetal transmission of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ava Meagher
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Ângela C Crespo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sarika K Kshirsagar
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Vidya Iyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.,Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Errol R Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.,Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Jack L Strominger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Tamara Tilburgs
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; .,Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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53
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Zecca A, Barili V, Canetti D, Regina V, Olivani A, Carone C, Capizzuto V, Zerbato B, Trenti T, Dalla Valle R, Ferrari C, Cariani E, Missale G. Energy metabolism and cell motility defect in NK-cells from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1589-1603. [PMID: 32307580 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional rescue of NK-cells in solid tumors represents a central aim for new immunotherapeutic strategies. We have conducted a genomic, phenotypic and functional analysis of circulating NK-cells from patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NK-cells were sorted from patients with HCC or liver cirrhosis and from healthy donors. Comparative mRNA gene expression profiling by whole-human-genome microarrays of sorted NK-cells was followed by phenotypic and functional characterization. To further identify possible mediators of NK-cell dysfunction, an in vitro model using media conditioned with patients' and controls' plasma was set up. Metabolic and cell motility defects were identified at the genomic level. Dysregulated gene expression profile has been translated into reduced cytokine production and degranulation despite a prevalent phenotype of terminally differentiated NK-cells. NKG2D-downregulation, high SMAD2 phosphorylation and other phenotypic and molecular alterations suggested TGF-β as possible mediator of this dysfunction. Blocking TGF-β could partially restore functional defects of NK-cells from healthy donors, exposed to TGF-β rich HCC patients' plasma, suggesting that TGF-β among other molecules may represent a suitable target for immunotherapeutic intervention aimed at NK-cell functional restoration. By an unbiased approach, we have identified energy metabolism and cell motility defects of circulating NK-cells as main mechanisms responsible for functional NK-cell impairment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This opens the way to test different approaches to restore NK-cell response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zecca
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Diana Canetti
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Regina
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Olivani
- Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Carone
- Toxicology and Advanced Diagnostics, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Capizzuto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Zerbato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Toxicology and Advanced Diagnostics, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dalla Valle
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cariani
- Toxicology and Advanced Diagnostics, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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54
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Alvarez M, Simonetta F, Baker J, Morrison AR, Wenokur AS, Pierini A, Berraondo P, Negrin RS. Indirect Impact of PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade on a Murine Model of NK Cell Exhaustion. Front Immunol 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 32117218 PMCID: PMC7026672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of exhaustion on effector immune cells is an important limiting factor for cancer immunotherapy efficacy as these cells undergo a hierarchical loss of proliferation and cytolytic activity due to chronic stimulation. Targeting PD-1 has shown unprecedented clinical benefits for many cancers, which have been attributed to the prevention of immune suppression and exhaustion with enhanced anti-tumor responses. In this study, we sought to evaluate the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in murine natural killer (NK) cell activation, function, and exhaustion. In an in vivo IL-2-dependent exhaustion mouse model, neutralization of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway improved NK cell activation after chronic stimulation when compared to control-treated mice. These cells displayed higher proliferative capabilities and enhanced granzyme B production. However, the blockade of these molecules during long-term in vitro IL-2 stimulation did not alter the progression of NK cell exhaustion (NCE), suggesting an indirect involvement of PD-1/PD-L1 on NCE. Given the expansion of CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) observed upon acute and chronic stimulation with IL-2, either of these two populations could influence NK cell homeostasis after PD-L1/PD-1 therapy. Importantly, CD8 T cell activation and functional phenotype were indeed enhanced by PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, particularly with anti-PD-1 treatment that resulted in the highest upregulation of CD25 during chronic stimulation and granted an advantage for IL-2 over NK cells. These results indicate a competition for resources between NK and CD8 T cells that arguably delays the onset of NCE rather than improving its activation during chronic stimulation. Supporting this notion, the depletion of CD8 T cells reversed the benefits of PD-1 therapy on chronically stimulated NK cells. These data suggest a bystander effect of anti-PD1 on NK cells, resulting from the global competition that exists between NK and CD8 T cells for IL-2 as a key regulator of these cells' activation. Thus, achieving an equilibrium between these immune cells might be important to accomplish long-term efficacy during anti-PD-1/IL-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Alvarez
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alyssa R Morrison
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Arielle S Wenokur
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Pierini
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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55
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Sasawatari S, Okamoto Y, Kumanogoh A, Toyofuku T. Blockade of N-Glycosylation Promotes Antitumor Immune Response of T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1373-1385. [PMID: 31969386 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy and its derivative, chimeric AgR T cell therapy, have achieved significant progress against cancer. Major barriers persist, however, including insufficient induction of cytotoxic T cells and exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In this study, we discovered a new role for 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) in enhancing the antitumor activity of human T cells against NKG2D ligand-expressing tumor cells. Human T cells treated with 2DG upregulated the NK-specific transcription factors TOX2 and EOMES, thereby acquiring NK cell properties, including high levels of perforin/granzyme and increased sensitivity to IL-2. Notably, rather than inhibiting glycolysis, 2DG modified N-glycosylation, which augmented antitumor activity and cell surface retention of IL-2R of T cells. Moreover, 2DG treatment prevented T cells from binding to galectin-3, a potent tumor Ag associated with T cell anergy. Our results, therefore, suggest that modifying N-glycosylation of T cells with 2DG could improve the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemi Sasawatari
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Okamoto
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toyofuku
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
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56
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Cardoso Alves L, Berger MD, Koutsandreas T, Kirschke N, Lauer C, Spörri R, Chatziioannou A, Corazza N, Krebs P. Non-apoptotic TRAIL function modulates NK cell activity during viral infection. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48789. [PMID: 31742873 PMCID: PMC6945065 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of death receptor signaling for pathogen control and infection-associated pathogenesis is multifaceted and controversial. Here, we show that during viral infection, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) modulates NK cell activity independently of its pro-apoptotic function. In mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Trail deficiency led to improved specific CD8+ T-cell responses, resulting in faster pathogen clearance and reduced liver pathology. Depletion experiments indicated that this effect was mediated by NK cells. Mechanistically, TRAIL expressed by immune cells positively and dose-dependently modulates IL-15 signaling-induced granzyme B production in NK cells, leading to enhanced NK cell-mediated T cell killing. TRAIL also regulates the signaling downstream of IL-15 receptor in human NK cells. In addition, TRAIL restricts NK1.1-triggered IFNγ production by NK cells. Our study reveals a hitherto unappreciated immunoregulatory role of TRAIL signaling on NK cells for the granzyme B-dependent elimination of antiviral T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Cardoso Alves
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Thodoris Koutsandreas
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & BiotechnologyNHRFAthensGreece
- e‐NIOS PCKallithea‐AthensGreece
| | - Nick Kirschke
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Roman Spörri
- Institute of MicrobiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & BiotechnologyNHRFAthensGreece
- e‐NIOS PCKallithea‐AthensGreece
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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57
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Key features and homing properties of NK cells in the liver are shaped by activated iNKT cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16362. [PMID: 31704965 PMCID: PMC6841958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to the clearance of hepatic viral infections is well recognized. The recently discovered heterogeneity of NK cell populations renders them interesting targets for immune interventions. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a key interaction partner for hepatic NK cells. The present study addressed whether characteristics of NK cells in the liver can be shaped by targeting iNKT cells. For this, the CD1d-binding pegylated glycolipid αGalCerMPEG was assessed for its ability to modulate the features of NK cells permanently or transiently residing in the liver. In vivo administration resulted in enhanced functionality of educated and highly differentiated CD27+ Mac-1+ NK cells accompanied by an increased proliferation. Improved liver homing was supported by serum-derived and cellular factors. Reduced viral loads in a mCMV infection model confirmed the beneficial effect of NK cells located in the liver upon stimulation with αGalCerMPEG. Thus, targeting iNKT cell-mediated NK cell activation in the liver represents a promising approach for the establishment of liver-directed immune interventions.
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58
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Enciso J, Pelayo R, Villarreal C. From Discrete to Continuous Modeling of Lymphocyte Development and Plasticity in Chronic Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1927. [PMID: 31481957 PMCID: PMC6710364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular events leading to differentiation, development, and plasticity of lymphoid cells have been subject of intense research due to their key roles in multiple pathologies, such as lymphoproliferative disorders, tumor growth maintenance and chronic diseases. The emergent roles of lymphoid cells and the use of high-throughput technologies have led to an extensive accumulation of experimental data allowing the reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (GRN) by integrating biochemical signals provided by the microenvironment with transcriptional modules of lineage-specific genes. Computational modeling of GRN has been useful for the identification of molecular switches involved in lymphoid specification, prediction of microenvironment-dependent cell plasticity, and analyses of signaling events occurring downstream the activation of antigen recognition receptors. Among most common modeling strategies to analyze the dynamical behavior of GRN, discrete dynamic models are widely used for their capacity to capture molecular interactions when a limited knowledge of kinetic parameters is present. However, they are less powerful when modeling complex systems sensitive to biochemical gradients. To compensate it, discrete models may be transformed into regulatory networks that includes state variables and parameters varying within a continuous range. This approach is based on a system of differential equations dynamics with regulatory interactions described by fuzzy logic propositions. Here, we discuss the applicability of this method on modeling of development and plasticity processes of adaptive lymphocytes, and its potential implications in the study of pathological landscapes associated to chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Enciso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Villarreal
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Física Cuántica y Fotónica, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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59
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Nath PR, Pal-Nath D, Mandal A, Cam MC, Schwartz AL, Roberts DD. Natural Killer Cell Recruitment and Activation Are Regulated by CD47 Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1547-1561. [PMID: 31362997 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated CD47 expression in some cancers is associated with decreased survival and limited clearance by phagocytes expressing the CD47 counterreceptor SIRPα. In contrast, elevated CD47 mRNA expression in human melanomas was associated with improved survival. Gene-expression data were analyzed to determine a potential mechanism for this apparent protective function and suggested that high CD47 expression increases recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells into the tumor microenvironment. The CD47 ligand thrombospondin-1 inhibited NK cell proliferation and CD69 expression in vitro Cd47 -/- NK cells correspondingly displayed augmented effector phenotypes, indicating an inhibitory function of CD47 on NK cells. Treating human NK cells with a CD47 antibody that blocks thrombospondin-1 binding abrogated its inhibitory effect on NK cell proliferation. Similarly, treating wild-type mice with a CD47 antibody that blocks thrombospondin-1 binding delayed B16 melanoma growth, associating with increased NK cell recruitment and increased granzyme B and interferon-γ levels in intratumoral NK but not CD8+ T cells. However, B16 melanomas grew faster in Cd47 -/- than in wild-type mice. Melanoma-bearing Cd47 -/- mice exhibited decreased splenic NK cell numbers, with impaired effector protein expression and elevated exhaustion markers. Proapoptotic gene expression in Cd47-/- NK cells was associated with stress-mediated increases in mitochondrial proton leak, reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis. Global gene-expression profiling in NK cells from tumor-bearing mice identified CD47-dependent transcriptional responses that regulate systemic NK activation and exhaustion. Therefore, CD47 positively and negatively regulates NK cell function, and therapeutic antibodies that block inhibitory CD47 signaling can enhance NK immune surveillance of melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Ranjan Nath
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ajeet Mandal
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Margaret C Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute, and Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony L Schwartz
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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60
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A novel spleen-resident immature NK cell subset and its maturation in a T-bet-dependent manner. J Autoimmun 2019; 105:102307. [PMID: 31351783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are thought to develop primarily in the bone marrow during adult life. However, increasing evidence shows that NK cell developmental intermediates can be found in different peripheral tissues with unique characteristics. Here, we identified a unique NK cell subset with the CD49a-CD49b- phenotype in the spleen. These cells displayed an immature phenotype and weak abilities in cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that they could develop into mature conventional NK (cNK) cells. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed their immature features. Parabiosis experiments revealed that these cells maintained tissue-resident properties in the spleen. Moreover, T-bet deficiency intrinsically impaired the ability of these cells to develop into mature cNK cells. Thus, our study identified a spleen-resident immature NK cell subset that could undergo extramedullary maturation in a T-bet dependent manner.
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61
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Harmon C, Jameson G, Almuaili D, Houlihan DD, Hoti E, Geoghegan J, Robinson MW, O'Farrelly C. Liver-Derived TGF-β Maintains the Eomes hiTbet lo Phenotype of Liver Resident Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1502. [PMID: 31333651 PMCID: PMC6616151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human liver hosts a complex repertoire of liver resident and transient natural killer (NK) cell populations with diverse phenotypes and functions. Liver resident NK cells are CD56bright NK cells defined by a unique expression profile of transcription factors and cell surface markers (EomeshiTbetloTIGIT+CD69+CXCR6+CD49e−). Despite extensive characterization of the phenotype of liver resident NK cells, it remains unclear how factors within the liver microenvironment induce and maintain this unique phenotype. In this study, we have explored the factors regulating the phenotype of liver resident NK cells. Isolation of healthy liver resident NK cells from donor liver perfusate and in vitro culture results in the gradual loss of the characteristic Tbetlo phenotype, with the cells increasing Tbet expression significantly at day 7. This phenotypic loss could be halted through the dose-dependent addition of liver conditioned media (LCM), generated from the ex vivo culture of liver biopsies from healthy organ donors. TGF-β, but not IL-10, replicated the Tbet suppressive effects of LCM in both liver resident and peripheral blood NK cells. Furthermore, blocking TGF-β receptor signaling using the inhibitor SB431542, reversed the effect of LCM treatment on liver resident NK cells, causing the loss of tissue resident Eomeshi Tbetlo phenotype. Our findings identify liver-derived TGF-β as an important component of the liver microenvironment, which acts to regulate and maintain the phenotype of liver resident NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal Harmon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Dalal Almuaili
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Emir Hoti
- Liver Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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62
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Lee YS, Yeo IJ, Kim KC, Han SB, Hong JT. Inhibition of Lung Tumor Development in ApoE Knockout Mice via Enhancement of TREM-1 Dependent NK Cell Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1379. [PMID: 31275318 PMCID: PMC6592261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is known to regulate lipid homeostasis and associated with atherosclerogenesis. Eventhough atherosclerogenesis is associated with tumor development, the role of ApoE in lung tumorigenesis and metastasis is not clear. Thus, the tumor growth and metastasis were compared in WT and ApoE knockout (KO) mice. Urethane-induced lung tumor incidence and B16F10 lung metastasis in ApoE knockout (KO) mice were significantly reduced in comparison to that in WT mice. Knockdown of ApoE expression in lung cancer cells and B16F10 cells also decreased cancer cell growth and metastasis. The inhibitory effect of ApoE KO on tumor development and metastasis was associated with increase of infiltration of NK cells. NK cells derived from ApoE KO mice showed much greater cytotoxicity than those from WT mice. These cytotoxic effect of NK cells derived from ApoE KO mice was associated with higher expression of Granzyme B, Fas Ligand, IFN-γ, TNF-α, NKG2D, NKp46, and DNAM-1 expression. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell (TREM)-1 is a proinflammatory mediator expressed on NK cells, and is known to be associated with NK cell cytotoxicity. Thus, we investigated the role of TREM-1 on ApoE KO mice originated NK cell mediated cytotoxicity for cancer cells. Blockade of TREM-1 expression with a TREM-1 antagonist prevented NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. TREM-1 antibody recovered cytotoxic effect of NK cells derived from KO mice of T-bet, which upregulating gene for TREM-1. These data indicate that ApoE KO suppressed lung tumor development and metastasis via increase of TREM-1-dependent anti-tumor activity of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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63
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Alvarez M, Simonetta F, Baker J, Pierini A, Wenokur AS, Morrison AR, Murphy WJ, Negrin RS. Regulation of murine NK cell exhaustion through the activation of the DNA damage repair pathway. JCI Insight 2019; 5:127729. [PMID: 31211693 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cell exhaustion (NCE) due to sustained proliferation results in impaired NK cell function with loss of cytokine production and lytic activity. Using murine models of chronic NK cell stimulation, we have identified a phenotypic signature of NCE characterized by up-regulation of the terminal differentiation marker KLRG1 and by down-regulation of eomesodermin and the activating receptor NKG2D. Chronic stimulation of mice lacking NKG2D resulted in minimized NCE compared to control mice, thus identifying NKG2D as a crucial mediator of NCE. NKG2D internalization and downregulations on NK cells has been previously observed in the presence of tumor cells with high expression of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) due to the activation of the DNA damage repair pathways. Interestingly, our study revealed that during NK cell activation there is an increase of MULT1, and NKG2DL, that correlates with an induction of DNA damage. Treatment with the ATM DNA damage repair pathway inhibitor KU55933 (KU) during activation reduced NCE by improving expression of activation markers and genes involved in cell survival, by sustaining NKG2D expression and by preserving cell functionality. Importantly, NK cells expanded ex vivo in the presence of KU displayed increased anti-tumor efficacy in both NKG2D-dependent and -independent mouse models. Collectively, these data demonstrate that NCE is caused by DNA damage and regulated, at least in part, by NKG2D. Further, the prevention of NCE is a promising strategy to improve NK cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Alvarez
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Antonio Pierini
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Arielle S Wenokur
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alyssa R Morrison
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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64
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Shao L, Pan S, Zhang QP, Jamal M, Chen LH, Yin Q, Wu YJ, Xiong J, Xiao RJ, Kwong YL, Zhou FL, Lie AKW. An Essential Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Pathophysiology of Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1233. [PMID: 31244831 PMCID: PMC6563595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is the only curative treatment for multiple hematologic malignancies and non-malignant hematological diseases. However, graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), one of the main complications after allo-HSCT, remains the major reason for morbidity and non-relapse mortality. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a non-redundant role in the pathophysiology of GVHD. In this review, we will summarize previously published data regarding the role of ILCs in the pathogenesis of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Pan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Hua Chen
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Jing Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yok-Lam Kwong
- Division of Hematology & BMT Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fu-Ling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Albert K W Lie
- Division of Hematology & BMT Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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65
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Angelo LS, Bimler LH, Nikzad R, Aviles-Padilla K, Paust S. CXCR6 + NK Cells in Human Fetal Liver and Spleen Possess Unique Phenotypic and Functional Capabilities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:469. [PMID: 30941128 PMCID: PMC6433986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident Natural Killer (NK) cells vary in phenotype according to tissue origin, but are typically CD56bright, CXCR6+, and CD69+. NK cells appear very early in fetal development, but little is known about when markers of tissue residency appear during gestation and whether the expression of these markers, most notably the chemokine receptor CXCR6, are associated with differences in functional capability. Using multi-parametric flow cytometry, we interrogated fetal liver and spleen NK cells for the expression of a multitude of extracellular markers associated with NK cell maturation, differentiation, and migration. We analyzed total NK cells from fetal liver and spleen and compared them to their adult liver and spleen counterparts, and peripheral blood (PB) NK. We found that fetal NK cells resemble each other and their adult counterparts more than PB NK. Maturity markers including CD16, CD57, and KIR are lower in fetal NK cells than PB, and markers associated with an immature phenotype are higher in fetal liver and spleen NK cells (NKG2A, CD94, and CD27). However, T-bet/EOMES transcription factor profiles are similar amongst fetal and adult liver and spleen NK cells (T-bet−/EOMES+) but differ from PB NK cells (T-bet+EOMES−). Further, donor-matched fetal liver and spleen NK cells share similar patterns of expression for most markers as a function of gestational age. We also performed functional studies including degranulation, cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. Fetal liver and spleen NK cells displayed limited cytotoxic effector function in chromium release assays but produced copious amounts of TNFα and IFNγ, and degranulated efficiently in response to stimulation with PMA/ionomycin. Further, CXCR6+ NK cells in fetal liver and spleen produce more cytokines and degranulate more robustly than their CXCR6− counterparts, even though CXCR6+ NK cells in fetal liver and spleen possess an immature phenotype. Major differences between CXCR6− and + NK cell subsets appear to occur later in development, as a distinct CXCR6+ NK cell phenotype is much more clearly defined in PB. In conclusion, fetal liver and spleen NK cells share similar phenotypes, resemble their adult counterparts, and already possess a distinct CXCR6+ NK cell population with discrete functional capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Angelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lynn H Bimler
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,The Immunology Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rana Nikzad
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Aviles-Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,The Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,The Immunology Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,The Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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66
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Kaasinen E, Kuismin O, Rajamäki K, Ristolainen H, Aavikko M, Kondelin J, Saarinen S, Berta DG, Katainen R, Hirvonen EAM, Karhu A, Taira A, Tanskanen T, Alkodsi A, Taipale M, Morgunova E, Franssila K, Lehtonen R, Mäkinen M, Aittomäki K, Palotie A, Kurki MI, Pietiläinen O, Hilpert M, Saarentaus E, Niinimäki J, Junttila J, Kaikkonen K, Vahteristo P, Skoda RC, Seppänen MRJ, Eklund KK, Taipale J, Kilpivaara O, Aaltonen LA. Impact of constitutional TET2 haploinsufficiency on molecular and clinical phenotype in humans. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1252. [PMID: 30890702 PMCID: PMC6424975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis driven by somatic heterozygous TET2 loss is linked to malignant degeneration via consequent aberrant DNA methylation, and possibly to cardiovascular disease via increased cytokine and chemokine expression as reported in mice. Here, we discover a germline TET2 mutation in a lymphoma family. We observe neither unusual predisposition to atherosclerosis nor abnormal pro-inflammatory cytokine or chemokine expression. The latter finding is confirmed in cells from three additional unrelated TET2 germline mutation carriers. The TET2 defect elevates blood DNA methylation levels, especially at active enhancers and cell-type specific regulatory regions with binding sequences of master transcription factors involved in hematopoiesis. The regions display reduced methylation relative to all open chromatin regions in four DNMT3A germline mutation carriers, potentially due to TET2-mediated oxidation. Our findings provide insight into the interplay between epigenetic modulators and transcription factor activity in hematological neoplasia, but do not confirm the putative role of TET2 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Rajamäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ristolainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silva Saarinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Davide G Berta
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina A M Hirvonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aurora Taira
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amjad Alkodsi
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Taipale
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaarle Franssila
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Mäkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Mitja I Kurki
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Morgane Hilpert
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Elmo Saarentaus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhani Junttila
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Kaikkonen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Mikko R J Seppänen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Rare Diseases Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029, Helsinki, Finland
- ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, FI-00280, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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67
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Nath PR, Gangaplara A, Pal-Nath D, Mandal A, Maric D, Sipes JM, Cam M, Shevach EM, Roberts DD. CD47 Expression in Natural Killer Cells Regulates Homeostasis and Modulates Immune Response to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2985. [PMID: 30643501 PMCID: PMC6320676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is a ubiquitous cell surface receptor that directly regulates T cell immunity by interacting with its inhibitory ligand thrombospondin-1 and limits clearance of cells by phagocytes that express its counter-receptor signal-regulatory protein-α. Murine natural killer (NK) cells express higher levels of CD47 than other lymphocytes, but the role of CD47 in regulating NK cell homeostasis and immune function remains unclear. Cd47 -/- mice exhibited depletion of NK precursors in bone marrow, consistent with the antiphagocytic function of CD47. In contrast, antisense CD47 knockdown or gene disruption resulted in a dose dependent accumulation of immature and mature NK cells in spleen. Mature Cd47 -/- NK cells exhibited increased expression of NK effector and interferon gene signatures and an increased proliferative response to interleukin-15 in vitro. Cd47 -/- mice showed no defect in their early response to acute Armstrong lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection but were moderately impaired in controlling chronic Clone-13 LCMV infection, which was associated with depletion of splenic NK cells and loss of effector cytokine and interferon response gene expression in Cd47 -/- NK cells. Broad CD47-dependent differences in NK activation, survival, and exhaustion pathways were observed in NK cell transcriptional signatures in LCMV infected mice. These data identify CD47 as a cell-intrinsic and systemic regulator of NK cell homeostasis and NK cell function in responding to a viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Ranjan Nath
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ajeet Mandal
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute and Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dragan Maric
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John M Sipes
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maggie Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute and Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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68
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Chen X, Miragaia RJ, Natarajan KN, Teichmann SA. A rapid and robust method for single cell chromatin accessibility profiling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5345. [PMID: 30559361 PMCID: PMC6297232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) is widely used to identify regulatory regions throughout the genome. However, very few studies have been performed at the single cell level (scATAC-seq) due to technical challenges. Here we developed a simple and robust plate-based scATAC-seq method, combining upfront bulk Tn5 tagging with single-nuclei sorting. We demonstrate that our method works robustly across various systems, including fresh and cryopreserved cells from primary tissues. By profiling over 3000 splenocytes, we identify distinct immune cell types and reveal cell type-specific regulatory regions and related transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ricardo J Miragaia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- MedImmune, Sir Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Kedar Nath Natarajan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Functional Biology and Metabolism Unit, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SDU, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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69
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Assessing the role of the T-box transcription factor Eomes in B cell differentiation during either Th1 or Th2 cell-biased responses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208343. [PMID: 30521606 PMCID: PMC6283461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful T-dependent humoral responses require the production of antibody-secreting plasmablasts, as well as the formation of germinal centers which eventually form high-affinity B cell memory. The ability of B cells to differentiate into germinal center and plasma cells, as well as the ability to tailor responses to different pathogens, is driven by transcription factors. In T cells, the T-box transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes) regulate effector and memory T cell differentiation, respectively. While T-bet has a critical role in regulating anti-viral B cell responses, a role for Eomes in B cells has yet to be described. We therefore investigated whether Eomes was required for B cell differentiation during either Th1 or Th2 cell-biased immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of Eomes specifically in B cells did not affect B cell differentiation in response to vaccination, as well as following viral or helminth infection. In contrast to its established role in CD8+ T cells, Eomes did not influence memory B cell differentiation. Finally, the use of an Eomes reporter mouse confirmed the lack of Eomes expression during immune responses. Thus, germinal center and plasma cell differentiation and the formation of isotype-switched memory B cells in response to infection are independent of Eomes expression.
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70
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Mazzoni A, Maggi L, Siracusa F, Ramazzotti M, Rossi MC, Santarlasci V, Montaini G, Capone M, Rossettini B, Palma R, Kruglov A, Chang H, Cimaz R, Maggi E, Romagnani S, Liotta F, Cosmi L, Annunziato F. Eomes
controls the development of Th17‐derived (non‐classic) Th1 cells during chronic inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:79-95. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Veronica Santarlasci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Gianni Montaini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Manuela Capone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Beatrice Rossettini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Raffaele Palma
- Diparimento di Medicina di Precisione Università della Campania Napoli Italy
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry CNR Napoli
| | | | | | - Rolando Cimaz
- Anna Meyer Children's Hospital and University of Florence Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Sergio Romagnani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center University of Florence Firenze Italy
- Flow cytometry and Immunotherapy Diagnostic Center Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi Florence Italy
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71
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Wang F, Meng M, Mo B, Yang Y, Ji Y, Huang P, Lai W, Pan X, You T, Luo H, Guan X, Deng Y, Yuan S, Chu J, Namaka M, Hughes T, Ye L, Yu J, Li X, Deng Y. Crosstalks between mTORC1 and mTORC2 variagate cytokine signaling to control NK maturation and effector function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4874. [PMID: 30451838 PMCID: PMC6242843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic checkpoint kinase mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates natural killer (NK) cell development and function, but the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show, via conditional deletion of Raptor (mTORC1) or Rictor (mTORC2), that mTORC1 and mTORC2 promote NK cell maturation in a cooperative and non-redundant manner, mainly by controlling the expression of Tbx21 and Eomes. Intriguingly, mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate cytolytic function in an opposing way, exhibiting promoting and inhibitory effects on the anti-tumor ability and metabolism, respectively. mTORC1 sustains mTORC2 activity by maintaining CD122-mediated IL-15 signaling, whereas mTORC2 represses mTORC1-modulated NK cell effector functions by restraining STAT5-mediated SLC7A5 expression. These positive and negative crosstalks between mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling thus variegate the magnitudes and kinetics of NK cell activation, and help define a paradigm for the modulation of NK maturation and effector functions. The metabolic regulator protein family, mTOR, regulate natural killer (NK) cell development and function, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the authors show that Raptor/mTORC1 and Rictor/mTORC2 form a feedback crosstalk network to variegate cytokine and cellular signaling and modulate NK maturation and effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng Meng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Banghui Mo
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tingting You
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongqin Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yafei Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shunzong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, PLA 307 Hospital, Dongdajie 8, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jianhong Chu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Michael Namaka
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Tiffany Hughes
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and the James Cancer Hospital, 460 West 12th Ave, BRT 816, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and the James Cancer Hospital, 460 West 12th Ave, BRT 816, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Ave, BRT 816, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30# Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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72
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Liu S, Xu M, Zhu C, Zhao Q, Zhou F. Taste receptor T1R1/T1R3 promotes the tumoricidal activity of hepatic CD49a + CD49b - natural killer cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:2031-2041. [PMID: 30259960 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanisms underlying the regulation of NK cell activity are not completely understood. In this research, we identified the expression of taste receptor type 1 member 1 (T1R1) and taste receptor type 1 member 3 (T1R3) in a subset of hepatic NK cells in a mouse HCC model. T1R1 and T1R3 were selectively expressed in CD49a+ CD49b- NK cells in livers with HCC. In the in vitro cytotoxicity assay, amino acids promoted the tumoricidal effect of CD49a+ CD49b- NK cells through increasing the production of perforin, granzyme B and IFN-γ. Furthermore, using a lentivirus to induce the expression of exogenous T1R1 and T1R3 in normal hepatic NK cells, we found that amino acids enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity on tumor cells through the T1R1/T1R3 receptor, as demonstrated by more tumor cell lysis, up-regulation of perforin and granzyme B in comparison with control NK cells. In addition, amino acids activated Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in NK cells through T1R1/T1R3 receptor. T-bet expression in NK cells was also increased by amino acid treatment. Therefore, T1R1/T1R3 receptor promotes the tumoricidal activity of hepatic CD49a+ CD49b- NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Liu
- Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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73
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Neely HR, Mazo IB, Gerlach C, von Andrian UH. Is There Natural Killer Cell Memory and Can It Be Harnessed by Vaccination? Natural Killer Cells in Vaccination. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029488. [PMID: 29254978 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have historically been considered to be a part of the innate immune system, exerting a rapid response against pathogens and tumors in an antigen (Ag)-independent manner. However, over the past decade, evidence has accumulated suggesting that at least some NK cells display certain characteristics of adaptive immune cells. Indeed, NK cells can learn and remember encounters with a variety of Ags, including chemical haptens and viruses. Upon rechallenge, memory NK cells mount potent recall responses selectively to those Ags. This phenomenon, traditionally termed "immunological memory," has been reported in mice, nonhuman primates, and even humans and appears to be concentrated in discrete NK cell subsets. Because immunological memory protects against recurrent infections and is the central goal of active vaccination, it is crucial to define the mechanisms and consequences of NK cell memory. Here, we summarize the different kinds of memory responses that have been attributed to specific NK cell subsets and discuss the possibility to harness NK cell memory for vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold R Neely
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Irina B Mazo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Carmen Gerlach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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74
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Abel AM, Yang C, Thakar MS, Malarkannan S. Natural Killer Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Utilization. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1869. [PMID: 30150991 PMCID: PMC6099181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant innate lymphocyte subsets that mediate anti-tumor and anti-viral responses, and therefore possess promising clinical utilization. NK cells do not express polymorphic clonotypic receptors and utilize inhibitory receptors (killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and Ly49) to develop, mature, and recognize “self” from “non-self.” The essential roles of common gamma cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15 in the commitment and development of NK cells are well established. However, the critical functions of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-18, IL-27, and IL-35 in the transcriptional-priming of NK cells are only starting to emerge. Recent studies have highlighted multiple shared characteristics between NK cells the adaptive immune lymphocytes. NK cells utilize unique signaling pathways that offer exclusive ways to genetically manipulate to improve their effector functions. Here, we summarize the recent advances made in the understanding of how NK cells develop, mature, and their potential translational use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Abel
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center of Excellence in Prostate Cancer, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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75
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Liquitaya-Montiel AJ, Mendoza L. Dynamical Analysis of the Regulatory Network Controlling Natural Killer Cells Differentiation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1029. [PMID: 30116200 PMCID: PMC6082967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many disease fighting strategies have focused on the generation of NK cells, since they constitute the main immune barrier against cancer and intracellular pathogens such as viruses. Therefore, a predictive model for the development of NK cells would constitute a useful tool to test several hypotheses regarding the production of these cells during both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we present a boolean network model that reproduces experimental results reported on the literature regarding the progressive stages of the development of NK cells in wild-type and mutant backgrounds. The model allows for the simulation of different conditions, including extracellular micro-environment as well as the simulation of genetic alterations. It also describes how NK cell differentiation depends on a molecular regulatory network that controls the specification of lymphoid lineages, such as T and B cells, which share a common progenitor with NKs. Furthermore, the study shows that the structure of the regulatory network strongly determines the stability of the expression patterns against perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhemar J. Liquitaya-Montiel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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76
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Yang C, Tsaih SW, Lemke A, Flister MJ, Thakar MS, Malarkannan S. mTORC1 and mTORC2 differentially promote natural killer cell development. eLife 2018; 7:35619. [PMID: 29809146 PMCID: PMC5976438 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that are essential for innate and adaptive immunity. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is critical for NK cell development; however, the independent roles of mTORC1 or mTORC2 in regulating this process remain unknown. Ncr1iCre-mediated deletion of Rptor or Rictor in mice results in altered homeostatic NK cellularity and impaired development at distinct stages. The transition from the CD27+CD11b− to the CD27+CD11b+ stage is impaired in Rptor cKO mice, while, the terminal maturation from the CD27+CD11b+ to the CD27−CD11b+ stage is compromised in Rictor cKO mice. Mechanistically, Raptor-deficiency renders substantial alteration of the gene expression profile including transcription factors governing early NK cell development. Comparatively, loss of Rictor causes more restricted transcriptome changes. The reduced expression of T-bet correlates with the terminal maturation defects and results from impaired mTORC2-AktS473-FoxO1 signaling. Collectively, our results reveal the divergent roles of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in NK cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States.,Departments of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Angela Lemke
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States.,Departments of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Michael J Flister
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States.,Departments of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States.,Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
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77
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Interleukin-27R Signaling Mediates Early Viral Containment and Impacts Innate and Adaptive Immunity after Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.02196-17. [PMID: 29593047 PMCID: PMC5974502 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02196-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral infections represent a major challenge to the host immune response, and a unique network of immunological elements, including cytokines, are required for their containment. By using a model persistent infection with the natural murine pathogen lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV Cl13) we investigated the role of one such cytokine, interleukin-27 (IL-27), in the control of chronic infection. We found that IL-27 receptor (IL-27R) signaling promoted control of LCMV Cl13 as early as days 1 and 5 after infection and that il27p28 transcripts were rapidly elevated in multiple subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid cells. In particular, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), the most potent type 1 interferon (IFN-I)-producing cells, significantly increased il27p28 in a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent fashion. Notably, mice deficient in an IL-27-specific receptor, WSX-1, exhibited a pleiotropy of innate and adaptive immune alterations after chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, including compromised NK cell cytotoxicity and antibody responses. While, the majority of these immune alterations appeared to be cell extrinsic, cell-intrinsic IL-27R was necessary to maintain early pDC numbers, which, alongside lower IFN-I transcription in CD11b+ DCs and myeloid cells, may explain the compromised IFN-I elevation that we observed early after LCMV Cl13 infection in IL-27R-deficient mice. Together, these data highlight the critical role of IL-27 in enabling optimal antiviral immunity early and late after infection with a systemic persistent virus and suggest that a previously unrecognized positive-feedback loop mediated by IL-27 in pDCs might be involved in this process. IMPORTANCE Persistently replicating pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, represent major health problems worldwide. These infections impose a long-term challenge on the host immune system, which must be heavily and continuously regulated to keep pathogen replication in check without causing fatal immunopathology. Using a persistently replicating rodent pathogen, LCMV, in its natural host, we identified the cellular sources and effects of one important regulatory pathway, interleukin-27 receptor WSX-1 signaling, that is required for both very early and late restriction of chronic (but not acute) infection. We found that WSX-1 was necessary to promote innate immunity and the development of aberrant adaptive immune responses. This not only highlights the role of IL-27 receptor signaling in regulating distinct host responses that are known to be necessary to control chronic infections, but also positions IL-27 as a potential therapeutic target for their modulation.
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78
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Paul R, Jaiswal S, Mahalakshmi N, Kaliraj P. Elucidation of immunological response and its regulatory network by P-TUFT-ALT-2: a promising fusion protein vaccine for human lymphatic filariasis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172039. [PMID: 29892388 PMCID: PMC5990782 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-borne neglected tropical parasitic disease, needs an early development of prophylactic agents such as a vaccine for its successful elimination. Our earlier study suggested the enhanced immunological response by fusion protein (P-TUFT-ALT-2) of Tuftsin and ALT-2 in a mice model. We cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and treated cells with Escherichia coli-expressed ALT-2 (E-ALT-2) and P-TUFT-ALT-2. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify the mRNA copy number of various cytokine and transcription factor genes. The recombinant vaccine candidate was also validated for humans by immunoreactivity with human sera samples of natural infection. In this study, P-TUFT-ALT-2 stimulated 12% higher PBMC proliferation in endemic normal (EN) individuals than E-ALT-2 alone. There was enhanced production of IFN γ, IL-2, IL-5 and IL-12, indicating a balanced Th1/Th2 response. However, higher expression of IL-5 and lower IL-4 validate the humoral response through an IL-5-dependent manner. Also, high level of IL-17 indicates a strong Th/Treg regulation over T-cell activation. The upregulated T-bet might have enhanced IFN-γ production, whereas GATA-3 was supposed to enhance IL-5 expression. The fusion protein also exhibited 15-16% higher reactivity with EN clinical sera, exposing the upregulation of IgG1 and IgM in natural infection. The higher reactivity of P-TUFT-ALT-2 with sera of natural infection (EN) was validated indirectly by B-cell activation through various cytokines and regulatory genes produced from different T cells. Thus, these findings endorse P-TUFT-ALT-2 as a potential vaccine candidate for human lymphatic filariasis.
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79
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Lee SH, Shin DJ, Kim Y, Kim CJ, Lee JJ, Yoon MS, Uong TNT, Yu D, Jung JY, Cho D, Jung BG, Kim SK, Suh GH. Comparison of Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics Between Canine Non-B, Non-T Natural Killer Lymphocytes and CD3 +CD5 dimCD21 - Cytotoxic Large Granular Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:841. [PMID: 29755462 PMCID: PMC5934500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immune response against infections and malignant transformation, and adopted transfer of NK cells is thought to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients. Previous reports describing the phenotypic features of canine NK cells have produced inconsistent results. Canine NK cells are still defined as non-B and non-T (CD3−CD21−) large granular lymphocytes. However, a few reports have demonstrated that canine NK cells share the phenotypic characteristics of T lymphocytes, and that CD3+CD5dimCD21− lymphocytes are putative canine NK cells. Based on our previous reports, we hypothesized that phenotypic modulation could occur between these two populations during activation. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional differences between CD3+CD5dimCD21− (cytotoxic large granular lymphocytes) and CD3−CD5−CD21− NK lymphocytes before and after culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from normal dogs. The results of this study show that CD3+CD5dimCD21− lymphocytes can be differentiated into non-B, non-T NK (CD3−CD5−CD21−TCRαβ−TCRγδ−GranzymeB+) lymphocytes through phenotypic modulation in response to cytokine stimulation. In vitro studies of purified CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells showed that CD3−CD5−CD21− cells are derived from CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells through phenotypic modulation. CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells share more NK cell functional characteristics compared with CD3−CD5−CD21− cells, including the expression of T-box transcription factors (Eomes, T-bet), the production of granzyme B and interferon-γ, and the expression of NK cell-related molecular receptors such as NKG2D and NKp30. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that CD3+CD5dimCD21− and CD3−CD5−CD21− cells both contain a subset of putative NK cells, and the difference between the two populations may be due to the degree of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Shin
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Yoseop Kim
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Kim
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Department of Hemotology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Mee Sun Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tung Nguyen Thanh Uong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dohyeon Yu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bock-Gie Jung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Sang-Ki Kim
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Guk-Hyun Suh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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80
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Lieberman NAP, DeGolier K, Haberthur K, Chinn H, Moyes KW, Bouchlaka MN, Walker KL, Capitini CM, Crane CA. An Uncoupling of Canonical Phenotypic Markers and Functional Potency of Ex Vivo-Expanded Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:150. [PMID: 29456538 PMCID: PMC5801405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cellular therapies for patients with cancer, including checkpoint blockade and ex vivo-expanded, tumor-specific T cells, have demonstrated that targeting the immune system is a powerful approach to the elimination of tumor cells. Clinical efforts have also demonstrated limitations, however, including the potential for tumor cell antigenic drift and neoantigen formation, which promote tumor escape and recurrence, as well as rapid onset of T cell exhaustion in vivo. These findings suggest that antigen unrestricted cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, may be beneficial for use as an alternative to or in combination with T cell based approaches. Although highly effective in lysing transformed cells, to date, few clinical trials have demonstrated antitumor function or persistence of transferred NK cells. Several recent studies describe methods to expand NK cells for adoptive transfer, although the effects of ex vivo expansion are not fully understood. We therefore explored the impact of a clinically validated 12-day expansion protocol using a K562 cell line expressing membrane-bound IL-15 and 4-1BB ligand with high-dose soluble IL-2 on the phenotype and functions of NK cells from healthy donors. Following expansions using this protocol, we found expression of surface proteins that implicate preferential expansion of NK cells that are not fully mature, as is typically associated with highly cytotoxic NK cell subsets. Despite increased expression of markers associated with functional exhaustion in T cells, we found that ex vivo-expanded NK cells retained cytokine production capacity and had enhanced tumor cell cytotoxicity. The preferential expansion of an NK cell subset that is phenotypically immature and functionally pleiotropic suggests that adoptively transferred cells may persist better in vivo when compared with previous methods using this approach. Ex vivo expansion does not quell killer immunoglobulin-like receptor diversity, allowing responsiveness to various factors in vivo that may influence activation and inhibition. Collectively, our data suggest that in addition to robust NK cell expansion that has been described using this method, expanded NK cells may represent an ideal cell therapy that is longer lived, highly potent, and responsive to an array of activating and inhibitory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A P Lieberman
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kole DeGolier
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristen Haberthur
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Harrison Chinn
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kara W Moyes
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Myriam N Bouchlaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kirsti L Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Courtney A Crane
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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81
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Das A, Harly C, Yang Q, Bhandoola A. Lineage specification in innate lymphocytes. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 42:20-26. [PMID: 29373198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells that lack specific antigen receptors but possess similar effector functions as T cells. Concordantly, ILCs express many transcription factors known to be important for T cell effector function. ILCs develop from lymphoid progenitors in fetal liver and adult bone marrow. However, the identification of ILC progenitor (ILCP) and other precursors in peripheral tissues raises the question of whether ILC development might occur at extramedullary sites. We discuss central and local generation in maintaining ILC abundance at peripheral sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhoti Das
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christelle Harly
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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82
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Freud AG, Mundy-Bosse BL, Yu J, Caligiuri MA. The Broad Spectrum of Human Natural Killer Cell Diversity. Immunity 2017; 47:820-833. [PMID: 29166586 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells provide protection against infectious pathogens and cancer. For decades it has been appreciated that two major NK cell subsets (CD56bright and CD56dim) exist in humans and have distinct anatomical localization patterns, phenotypes, and functions in immunity. In light of this traditional NK cell dichotomy, it is now clear that the spectrum of human NK cell diversity is much broader than originally appreciated as a result of variegated surface receptor, intracellular signaling molecule, and transcription factor expression; tissue-specific imprinting; and foreign antigen exposure. The recent discoveries of tissue-resident NK cell developmental intermediates, non-NK innate lymphoid cells, and the capacity for NK cells to adapt and differentiate into long-lived memory cells has added further complexity to this field. Here we review our current understanding of the breadth and generation of human NK cell diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Bethany L Mundy-Bosse
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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83
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Brown MG, Gamache A. Editorial: On matters of maturity, self-control, and responsiveness: inhibitory NK receptors in the driver's seat? J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1281-1284. [PMID: 29191865 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ce0717-280rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Brown
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; and.,Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Awndre Gamache
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; and.,Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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84
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Svitina H, Kyryk V, Skrypkina I, Kuchma M, Bukreieva T, Areshkov P, Shablii Y, Denis Y, Klymenko P, Garmanchuk L, Ostapchenko L, Lobintseva G, Shablii V. Placenta-derived multipotent cells have no effect on the size and number of DMH-induced colon tumors in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2135-2147. [PMID: 28962134 PMCID: PMC5609206 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs) is a promising approach for cell therapy to treat inflammation-associated colon diseases. However, the effect of PDMCs on colon cancer cells remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to characterize PDMCs obtained from human (hPDMCs) and rat (rPDMCs) placentas and to evaluate their impact on colon cancer progression in rats. PDMCs were obtained from human and rat placentas by tissue explant culturing. Stemness- and trophoblast-related gene expression was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and surface markers and intracellular proteins were detected using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Experimental colon carcinogenesis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by injecting 20 mg/kg dimethylhydrazine (DMH) once a week for 20 consecutive weeks. The administration of rPDMCs and hPDMC was performed at week 22 after the initial DMH-injection. All animals were sacrificed through carbon dioxide asphyxiation at week 5 after cell transplantation. The number and size of each tumor lesion was calculated. The type of tumor was determined by standard histological methods. Cell engraftment was determined by PCR and immunofluorescence. Results demonstrated that rPDMCs possessed the immunophenotype and differentiation potential inherent in MSCs; however, hPDMCs exhibited a lower expression of cluster of differentiation 44 and did not express trophoblast-associated genes. The data of the present study indicated that PDMCs may engraft in different tissues but do not significantly affect DMH-induced tumor growth during short-term observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Svitina
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Kyryk
- Department of Cell and Tissue Technologies, State Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Medicine of Academy of Medicine of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Inessa Skrypkina
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maria Kuchma
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Bukreieva
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Areshkov
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yulia Shablii
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yevheniy Denis
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Klymenko
- Department of Cell and Tissue Technologies, State Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Medicine of Academy of Medicine of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Garmanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Ostapchenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galina Lobintseva
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shablii
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Cryobank, Institute of Cell Therapy, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
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85
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Zhou Y, Xu X, Tian Z, Wei H. "Multi-Omics" Analyses of the Development and Function of Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1095. [PMID: 28928751 PMCID: PMC5591885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For over four decades, our understanding of natural killer (NK) cells has evolved from the original description of cluster of differentiation (CD)56+CD3− to establishing NK cells as an important subset of innate lymphocytes in the host’s surveillance against viral infections and malignancy. The progress of research on the fundamental properties and therapeutic prospects for translational medicine using NK cells excites immunologists and clinicians. Over the past decade, numerous advances in “-omics”-scale methods and new technological approaches have addressed many essential questions in the biology of NK cells. We now have further understanding of the overall molecular mechanisms of action that determine the development, function, plasticity, diversity, and immune reactivity of NK cells. These findings are summarized here, and our view on how to study NK cells using “multi-omics” is highlighted. We also describe “-omics” analyses of the relationships between NK cells and viral infection, tumorigenesis, and autoimmune diseases. Ultimately, a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of NK cells in multiple conditions will provide more effective strategies to manipulate NK cells for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuxiu Xu
- School of Life Science and Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Science and Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- School of Life Science and Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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86
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Collin R, St-Pierre C, Guilbault L, Mullins-Dansereau V, Policheni A, Guimont-Desrochers F, Pelletier AN, Gray DH, Drobetsky E, Perreault C, Hillhouse EE, Lesage S. An Unbiased Linkage Approach Reveals That the p53 Pathway Is Coupled to NK Cell Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1490-1504. [PMID: 28710252 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cells constitute potent innate lymphoid cells that play a major role in both tumor immunosurveillance and viral clearance via their effector functions. A four-stage model of NK cell functional maturation has been established according to the expression of CD11b and CD27, separating mature NK (mNK) cells into distinct populations that exhibit specific phenotypic and functional properties. To identify genetic factors involved in the regulation of NK cell functional maturation, we performed a linkage analysis on F2 (B6.Rag1-/- × NOD.Rag1-/- intercross) mice. We identified six loci on chromosomes 2, 4, 7, 10, 11, and 18 that were linked to one or more mNK cell subsets. Subsequently, we performed an in silico analysis exploiting mNK cell subset microarray data, highlighting various genes and microRNAs as potential regulators of the functional maturation of NK cells. Together, the combination of our unbiased genetic linkage study and the in silico analysis positions genes known to affect NK cell biology along the specific stages of NK cell functional maturation. Moreover, this approach allowed us to uncover a novel candidate gene in the regulation of NK cell maturation, namely Trp53 Using mice deficient for Trp53, we confirm that this tumor suppressor regulates NK cell functional maturation. Additional candidate genes revealed in this study may eventually serve as targets for the modulation of NK cell functional maturation to potentiate both tumor immunosurveillance and viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Collin
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charles St-Pierre
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lorie Guilbault
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Victor Mullins-Dansereau
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Antonia Policheni
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and.,Department of Medical Biology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Fanny Guimont-Desrochers
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Adam-Nicolas Pelletier
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Daniel H Gray
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and.,Department of Medical Biology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Elliot Drobetsky
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Erin E Hillhouse
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada;
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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87
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Abstract
Natural killer cells are important effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system, playing critical roles in antitumor and anti-infection host defense. Tumor progression or chronic infections, however, usually leads to exhaustion of NK cells, thus limiting the antitumor/infection potential of NK cells. In many tumors or chronic infections, multiple mechanisms might contribute to the exhaustion of NK cells, such as dysregulated NK cell receptors signaling, as well as suppressive effects by regulatory cells or soluble factors within the microenvironment. Better understanding of the characteristics, as well as the underlying mechanisms of NK cell exhaustion, not only should increase our understanding of the basic biology of NK cells but also could reveal novel NK cell-based antitumor/infection targets. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on NK cell exhaustion in tumors, and in chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Bi
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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88
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Scoville SD, Freud AG, Caligiuri MA. Modeling Human Natural Killer Cell Development in the Era of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:360. [PMID: 28396671 PMCID: PMC5366880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades after the discovery of natural killer (NK) cells, their developmental pathways in mice and humans have not yet been completely deciphered. Accumulating evidence indicates that NK cells can develop in multiple tissues throughout the body. Moreover, detailed and comprehensive models of NK cell development were proposed soon after the turn of the century. However, with the recent identification and characterization of other subtypes of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which show some overlapping functional and phenotypic features with NK cell developmental intermediates, the distinct stages through which human NK cells develop from early hematopoietic progenitor cells remain unclear. Thus, there is a need to reassess and refine older models of NK cell development in the context of new data and in the era of ILCs. Our group has focused on elucidating the developmental pathway of human NK cells in secondary lymphoid tissues (SLTs), including tonsils and lymph nodes. Here, we provide an update of recent progress that has been made with regard to human NK cell development in SLTs, and we discuss these new findings in the context of contemporary models of ILC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Scoville
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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89
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Kallies A, Good-Jacobson KL. Transcription Factor T-bet Orchestrates Lineage Development and Function in the Immune System. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:287-297. [PMID: 28279590 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-bet was originally described as the key transcription factor defining type 1 T helper (Th) cells. However, it is now clear that it drives the orchestrated generation of effector and memory cells in multiple different lymphocyte lineages. In addition to Th1 cells, CD8 T cells, B cells and some innate lymphocyte populations require T-bet for their development or differentiation in response to antigen. Furthermore, other Th cell populations, including T follicular helper and Th17, as well as regulatory T cells can co-opt T-bet expression to promote functional diversification and colocalization. Thus, T-bet broadly regulates transcriptional programs in response to type 1 inflammatory signals and mediates the coordinated differentiation, function, migration and survival of effector and memory lymphocyte subsets in the affected tissue. Therefore, T-bet expression is essential for effective clearance of pathogens and maintenance of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kallies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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90
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He S, Wang X, Chen A. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: the role of adaptor proteins Crk. Perfusion 2017; 32:345-349. [PMID: 28553779 DOI: 10.1177/0267659117691813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) myocardium may act as an immune system where an exaggerated inflammatory reaction initiates. With activation of the immune system, damage-associated molecular patterns migrate and adhere into the I/R region and, consequently, induce myocardial injury. Emerging data have indicated that the adaptor proteins Crk are thought to play essential roles in signaling during apoptosis and cell adhesion and migration. Accumulated data highlight that Crk proteins are potential immunotherapeutic targets in immune diseases. However, very few studies have determined the roles of Crk on myocardial I/R injury. This mini review will focus on the emerging roles of Crk adaptors during myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfei He
- Department of Cardiology, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, China
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91
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Wałajtys-Rode E, Dzik JM. Monocyte/Macrophage: NK Cell Cooperation-Old Tools for New Functions. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 62:73-145. [PMID: 28455707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54090-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophage and natural killer (NK) cells are partners from a phylogenetic standpoint of innate immune system development and its evolutionary progressive interaction with adaptive immunity. The equally conservative ways of development and differentiation of both invertebrate hemocytes and vertebrate macrophages are reviewed. Evolutionary conserved molecules occurring in macrophage receptors and effectors have been inherited by vertebrates after their common ancestor with invertebrates. Cytolytic functions of mammalian NK cells, which are rooted in immune cells of invertebrates, although certain NK cell receptors (NKRs) are mammalian new events, are characterized. Broad heterogeneity of macrophage and NK cell phenotypes that depends on surrounding microenvironment conditions and expression profiles of specific receptors and activation mechanisms of both cell types are discussed. The particular tissue specificity of macrophages and NK cells, as well as their plasticity and mechanisms of their polarization to different functional subtypes have been underlined. The chapter summarized studies revealing the specific molecular mechanisms and regulation of NK cells and macrophages that enable their highly specific cross-cooperation. Attention is given to the evolving role of human monocyte/macrophage and NK cell interaction in pathogenesis of hypersensitivity reaction-based disorders, including autoimmunity, as well as in cancer surveillance and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wałajtys-Rode
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Drug Technology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jolanta M Dzik
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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92
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Lopez-Sejas N, Campos C, Hassouneh F, Sanchez-Correa B, Tarazona R, Pera A, Solana R. Effect of CMV and Aging on the Differential Expression of CD300a, CD161, T-bet, and Eomes on NK Cell Subsets. Front Immunol 2016; 7:476. [PMID: 27872625 PMCID: PMC5097920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells involved in the defense against virus-infected cells and tumor cells. NK cell phenotype and function is affected with age and cytomegalovirus (CMV) latent infection. Aging affects the frequency and phenotype of NK cells, and CMV infection also contributes to these alterations. Thus, a reduction of CD56bright NK cell subpopulation associated with age and an expansion of memory-like NK cells CD56dimCD57+NKG2C+ probably related to CMV seropositivity have been described. NK cells express T-bet and Eomes transcription factors that are necessary for the development of NK cells. Here, we analyze the effect of age and CMV seropositivity on the expression of CD300a and CD161 inhibitory receptors, and T-bet and Eomes transcription factors in NK cell subsets defined by the expression of CD56 and CD57. CD300a is expressed by the majority of NK cells. CD56bright NK cells express higher levels of CD300a than CD56dim NK cells. An increase in the expression of CD300a was associated with age, whereas a decreased expression of CD161 in CD56dim NK cells was associated with CMV seropositivity. In CD56dim NK cells, an increased percentage of CD57+CD300a+ and a reduction in the percentage of CD161+CD300a+ cells were found to be associated with CMV seropositivity. Regarding T-bet and Eomes transcription factors, CMV seropositivity was associated with a decrease of T-bethi in CD56dimCD57+ NK cells from young individuals, whereas Eomes expression was increased with CMV seropositivity in both CD56bright and CD56dimCD57+/− (from middle age and young individuals, respectively) and was decreased with aging in all NK subsets from the three group of age. In conclusion, CMV infection and age induce significant changes in the expression of CD300a and CD161 in NK cell subsets defined by the expression of CD56 and CD57. T-bet and Eomes are differentially expressed on NK cell subsets, and their expression is affected by CMV latent infection and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Lopez-Sejas
- Maimonides Biomedicine Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Cordoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | - Carmen Campos
- Maimonides Biomedicine Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Cordoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | - Fakhri Hassouneh
- Maimonides Biomedicine Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Cordoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | | | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura , Cáceres , Spain
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Maimonides Biomedicine Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Cordoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Maimonides Biomedicine Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Cordoba , Cordoba , Spain
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Fewer Circulating Natural Killer Cells 28 Days After Double Cord Blood Transplantation Predicts Inferior Survival and IL-15 Response. Blood Adv 2016; 1:208-218. [PMID: 29188237 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cell immune reconstitution after double umbilical cord blood transplantation (dUCBT) is rapid and thought to be involved in graft vs. leukemia (GvL) reactions. To investigate the role of NK cell recovery on clinical outcomes, the absolute number of NK cells at Day 28 after dUCBT was determined and patients with low numbers of NK cells had inferior two year disease-free survival (hazard ratio 1.96; p=0.04). A detailed developmental and functional analysis of the recovering NK cells was performed to link NK recovery and patient survival. The proportion of NK cells in each developmental stage was similar for patients with low, medium, and high Day 28 NK cell numbers. As compared to healthy controls, patients post-transplant showed reduced NK functional responses upon K562 challenge (CD107a, IFN-γ, and TNFα); however, there were no differences based on Day 28 NK cell number. Patients with low NK numbers had 30% less STAT5 phosphorylation in response to exogenous IL-15 (p=0.04) and decreased Eomes expression (p=0.025) compared to patients with high NK numbers. Decreased STAT5 phosphorylation and Eomes expression may be indicative of reduced sensitivity to IL-15 in the low NK cell group. Incubation of patient samples with IL-15 superagonist (ALT803) increased cytotoxicity and cytokine production in all patient groups. Thus, clinical interventions, including administration of IL-15 early after transplantation may increase NK cell number and function and, in turn, improve transplantation outcomes.
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Pradier A, Simonetta F, Waldvogel S, Bosshard C, Tiercy JM, Roosnek E. Modulation of T-bet and Eomes during Maturation of Peripheral Blood NK Cells Does Not Depend on Licensing/Educating KIR. Front Immunol 2016; 7:299. [PMID: 27605928 PMCID: PMC4995208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral natural killer (NK) cells upregulate T-bet and downregulate Eomes, the key transcription factors regulating NK cell maturation and function during the last maturation steps toward terminally differentiated effector cells. During this process, NK cells acquire killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and effector functions, such as cytotoxicity and target cell-induced cytokine production. Inhibitory KIR are pivotal in the control of effector functions, but whether they also modulate T-bet/Eomes expression is unknown. We have measured T-bet/Eomes levels, KIR expression, and effector functions of maturing CD94negCD56dimNK cells using CD57 as surface marker for maturation. Our cohort consisted of 23 healthy blood donors (HBD) homozygous for the KIR A haplotype that contains only inhibitory KIR2DL1 (ligand HLA-C2), KIR2DL3 (ligand HLA-C1), and KIR3DL1 (ligand HLA-Bw4). We confirm that during maturation of NK cells, the number of KIR increases, levels of T-bet/Eomes are modulated, and that cells acquire effector functions, such as cytotoxicity (CD107) and target cell-induced cytokine production (TNF-α). Because maturation was associated with the increase of the number of KIR as well as with the modulation of T-bet/Eomes, the number of KIR correlated with the extent of T-bet/Eomes modulation. However, whether the KIR were triggered by their cognate HLA ligands or not had no impact on T-bet and Eomes expression, indicating that modulation of T-box transcription factors during NK cell maturation does not depend on signals conveyed by KIR. We discuss the relevance of this finding in the context of models of NK cell maturation while cautioning that results obtained in a perhaps quite heterogeneous cohort of HBD are not necessarily conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pradier
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Sophie Waldvogel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Carine Bosshard
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marie Tiercy
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Histocompatibility, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Eddy Roosnek
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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