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von Werdt D, Gungor B, Barreto de Albuquerque J, Gruber T, Zysset D, Kwong Chung CKC, Corrêa-Ferreira A, Berchtold R, Page N, Schenk M, Kehrl JH, Merkler D, Imhof BA, Stein JV, Abe J, Turchinovich G, Finke D, Hayday AC, Corazza N, Mueller C. Regulator of G-protein signaling 1 critically supports CD8 + T RM cell-mediated intestinal immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085895. [PMID: 37153600 PMCID: PMC10158727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Regulator of G-protein signaling (Rgs) family regulate the extent and timing of G protein signaling by increasing the GTPase activity of Gα protein subunits. The Rgs family member Rgs1 is one of the most up-regulated genes in tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells when compared to their circulating T cell counterparts. Functionally, Rgs1 preferentially deactivates Gαq, and Gαi protein subunits and can therefore also attenuate chemokine receptor-mediated immune cell trafficking. The impact of Rgs1 expression on tissue-resident T cell generation, their maintenance, and the immunosurveillance of barrier tissues, however, is only incompletely understood. Here we report that Rgs1 expression is readily induced in naïve OT-I T cells in vivo following intestinal infection with Listeria monocytogenes-OVA. In bone marrow chimeras, Rgs1 -/- and Rgs1 +/+ T cells were generally present in comparable frequencies in distinct T cell subsets of the intestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. After intestinal infection with Listeria monocytogenes-OVA, however, OT-I Rgs1 +/+ T cells outnumbered the co-transferred OT-I Rgs1- /- T cells in the small intestinal mucosa already early after infection. The underrepresentation of the OT-I Rgs1 -/- T cells persisted to become even more pronounced during the memory phase (d30 post-infection). Remarkably, upon intestinal reinfection, mice with intestinal OT-I Rgs1 +/+ TRM cells were able to prevent the systemic dissemination of the pathogen more efficiently than those with OT-I Rgs1 -/- TRM cells. While the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet, these data thus identify Rgs1 as a critical regulator for the generation and maintenance of tissue-resident CD8+ T cells as a prerequisite for efficient local immunosurveillance in barrier tissues in case of reinfections with potential pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego von Werdt
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bilgi Gungor
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Gruber
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Zysset
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cheong K. C. Kwong Chung
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Gastrointestinal Health, Immunology, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Corrêa-Ferreira
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Regina Berchtold
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Schenk
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John H. Kehrl
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beat A. Imhof
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jens V. Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gleb Turchinovich
- Department of Biomedicine, and University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Finke
- Department of Biomedicine, and University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christoph Mueller, ; Nadia Corazza,
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, and University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christoph Mueller, ; Nadia Corazza,
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Sidler D, Renzulli P, Schnoz C, Berger B, Schneider-Jakob S, Flück C, Inderbitzin D, Corazza N, Candinas D, Brunner T. Colon cancer cells produce immunoregulatory glucocorticoids. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:529-530. [PMID: 22754774 PMCID: PMC3382911 DOI: 10.4161/onci.19459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression or release of immunosuppressive molecules may protect tumor cells from the recognition and destruction by the immune system. New findings indicate that colorectal tumors produce immunoregulatory glucocorticoids and thereby suppress immune cell activation. The nuclear receptor LRH-1 plays a critical role in the regulation of colorectal tumor proliferation and glucocorticoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sidler
- Division of Experimental Pathology; Institute of Pathology; University of Bern; Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Cardoso Alves L, Corazza N, Micheau O, Krebs P. The multifaceted role of TRAIL signaling in cancer and immunity. FEBS J 2020; 288:5530-5554. [PMID: 33215853 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that can lead to the induction of apoptosis in tumor or infected cells. However, activation of TRAIL signaling may also trigger nonapoptotic pathways in cancer and in nontransformed cells, that is, immune cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on noncanonical TRAIL signaling. The biological outcomes of TRAIL signaling in immune and malignant cells are presented and explained, with a focus on the role of TRAIL for natural killer (NK) cell function. Furthermore, we highlight the technical difficulties in dissecting the precise molecular mechanisms involved in the switch between apoptotic and nonapoptotic TRAIL signaling. Finally, we discuss the consequences thereof for a therapeutic manipulation of TRAIL in cancer and possible approaches to bypass these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
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4
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Cardoso Alves L, Berger MD, Koutsandreas T, Kirschke N, Lauer C, Spörri R, Chatziioannou A, Corazza N, Krebs P. Non-apoptotic TRAIL function modulates NK cell activity during viral infection. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48789. [PMID: 31742873 PMCID: PMC6945065 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of death receptor signaling for pathogen control and infection-associated pathogenesis is multifaceted and controversial. Here, we show that during viral infection, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) modulates NK cell activity independently of its pro-apoptotic function. In mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Trail deficiency led to improved specific CD8+ T-cell responses, resulting in faster pathogen clearance and reduced liver pathology. Depletion experiments indicated that this effect was mediated by NK cells. Mechanistically, TRAIL expressed by immune cells positively and dose-dependently modulates IL-15 signaling-induced granzyme B production in NK cells, leading to enhanced NK cell-mediated T cell killing. TRAIL also regulates the signaling downstream of IL-15 receptor in human NK cells. In addition, TRAIL restricts NK1.1-triggered IFNγ production by NK cells. Our study reveals a hitherto unappreciated immunoregulatory role of TRAIL signaling on NK cells for the granzyme B-dependent elimination of antiviral T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Cardoso Alves
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Thodoris Koutsandreas
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & BiotechnologyNHRFAthensGreece
- e‐NIOS PCKallithea‐AthensGreece
| | - Nick Kirschke
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Roman Spörri
- Institute of MicrobiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & BiotechnologyNHRFAthensGreece
- e‐NIOS PCKallithea‐AthensGreece
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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5
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Seitz C, Huang J, Geiselhöringer AL, Galbani-Bianchi P, Michalek S, Phan TS, Reinhold C, Dietrich L, Schmidt C, Corazza N, Delgado ME, Schnalzger T, Schoonjans K, Brunner T. The orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1/NR5a2 critically regulates T cell functions. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav9732. [PMID: 31328159 PMCID: PMC6636985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
LRH-1 (liver receptor homolog-1/NR5a2) is an orphan nuclear receptor, which regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as intestinal inflammation via the transcriptional control of intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis. Predominantly expressed in epithelial cells, its expression and role in immune cells are presently enigmatic. LRH-1 was found to be induced in immature and mature T lymphocytes upon stimulation. T cell-specific deletion of LRH-1 causes a drastic loss of mature peripheral T cells. LRH-1-depleted CD4+ T cells exert strongly reduced activation-induced proliferation in vitro and in vivo and fail to mount immune responses against model antigens and to induce experimental intestinal inflammation. Similarly, LRH-1-deficient cytotoxic CD8+ T cells fail to control viral infections. This study describes a novel and critical role of LRH-1 in T cell maturation, functions, and immopathologies and proposes LRH-1 as an emerging pharmacological target in the treatment of T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Seitz
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Juan Huang
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Anna-Lena Geiselhöringer
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Michalek
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Truong San Phan
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Cindy Reinhold
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lea Dietrich
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Eugenia Delgado
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Theresa Schnalzger
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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6
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Brasseit J, Kwong Chung CKC, Noti M, Zysset D, Hoheisel-Dickgreber N, Genitsch V, Corazza N, Mueller C. Divergent Roles of Interferon-γ and Innate Lymphoid Cells in Innate and Adaptive Immune Cell-Mediated Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:23. [PMID: 29416538 PMCID: PMC5787534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant interferon gamma (IFNγ) expression is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune- and inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the requirement of IFNγ for the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation remains controversial. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the role of IFNγ in experimental mouse models of innate and adaptive immune cell-mediated intestinal inflammation using genetically and microbiota-stabilized hosts. While we find that IFNγ drives acute intestinal inflammation in the anti-CD40 colitis model in an innate lymphoid cell (ILC)-dependent manner, IFNγ secreted by both transferred CD4 T cells and/or cells of the lymphopenic Rag1-/- recipient mice was dispensable for CD4 T cell-mediated colitis. In the absence of IFNγ, intestinal inflammation in CD4 T cell recipient mice was associated with enhanced IL17 responses; consequently, targeting IL17 signaling in IFNγ-deficient mice reduced T cell-mediated colitis. Intriguingly, in contrast to the anti-CD40 model of colitis, depletion of ILC in the Rag1-/- recipients of colitogenic CD4 T cells did not prevent induction of colonic inflammation. Together, our findings demonstrate that IFNγ represents an essential, or a redundant, pro-inflammatory cytokine for the induction of intestinal inflammation, depending on the experimental mouse model used and on the nature of the critical disease inducing immune cell populations involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brasseit
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cheong K. C. Kwong Chung
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Noti
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Zysset
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hoheisel-Dickgreber
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vera Genitsch
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Brasseit J, Althaus-Steiner E, Faderl M, Dickgreber N, Saurer L, Genitsch V, Dolowschiak T, Li H, Finke D, Hardt WD, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ, Corazza N, Noti M, Mueller C. CD4 T cells are required for both development and maintenance of disease in a new mouse model of reversible colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:689-701. [PMID: 26376366 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies to treat inflammatory bowel diseases have limited efficacy, significant side effects, and often wane over time. Little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms operative in the process of mucosal healing from colitis. To study such events, we developed a new model of reversible colitis in which adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) T cells into Helicobacter typhlonius-colonized lymphopenic mice resulted in a rapid onset of colonic inflammation that was reversible through depletion of colitogenic T cells. Remission was associated with an improved clinical and histopathological score, reduced immune cell infiltration to the intestinal mucosa, altered intestinal gene expression profiles, regeneration of the colonic mucus layer, and the restoration of epithelial barrier integrity. Notably, colitogenic T cells were not only critical for induction of colitis but also for maintenance of disease. Depletion of colitogenic T cells resulted in a rapid drop in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels associated with reduced infiltration of inflammatory immune cells to sites of inflammation. Although neutralization of TNFα prevented the onset of colitis, anti-TNFα treatment of mice with established disease failed to resolve colonic inflammation. Collectively, this new model of reversible colitis provides an important research tool to study the dynamics of mucosal healing in chronic intestinal remitting-relapsing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brasseit
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Althaus-Steiner
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Faderl
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Dickgreber
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Saurer
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - V Genitsch
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Dolowschiak
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Li
- Maurice E. Müller Laboratories, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Finke
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W-D Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K D McCoy
- Maurice E. Müller Laboratories, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A J Macpherson
- Maurice E. Müller Laboratories, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Corazza
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Noti
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Mueller
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Faderl M, Noti M, Corazza N, Mueller C. Keeping bugs in check: The mucus layer as a critical component in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:275-85. [PMID: 25914114 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian gastrointestinal tract the close vicinity of abundant immune effector cells and trillions of commensal microbes requires sophisticated barrier and regulatory mechanisms to maintain vital host-microbial interactions and tissue homeostasis. During co-evolution of the host and its intestinal microbiota a protective multilayered barrier system was established to segregate the luminal microbes from the intestinal mucosa with its potent immune effector cells, limit bacterial translocation into host tissues to prevent tissue damage, while ensuring the vital functions of the intestinal mucosa and the luminal gut microbiota. In the present review we will focus on the different layers of protection in the intestinal tract that allow the successful mutualism between the microbiota and the potent effector cells of the intestinal innate and adaptive immune system. In particular, we will review some of the recent findings on the vital functions of the mucus layer and its site-specific adaptations to the changing quantities and complexities of the microbiota along the (gastro-) intestinal tract. Understanding the regulatory pathways that control the establishment of the mucus layer, but also its degradation during intestinal inflammation may be critical for designing novel strategies aimed at maintaining local tissue homeostasis and supporting remission from relapsing intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Faderl
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Noti
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Badmann A, Langsch S, Keogh A, Brunner T, Kaufmann T, Corazza N. TRAIL enhances paracetamol-induced liver sinusoidal endothelial cell death in a Bim- and Bid-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e447. [PMID: 23254290 PMCID: PMC3542621 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) is a universally used analgesic and antipyretic agent. Considered safe at therapeutic doses, overdoses cause acute liver damage characterized by centrilobular hepatic necrosis. One of the major clinical problems of paracetamol-induced liver disease is the development of hemorrhagic alterations. Although hepatocytes represent the main target of the cytotoxic effect of paracetamol overdose, perturbations within the endothelium involving morphological changes of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) have also been described in paracetamol-induced liver disease. Recently, we have shown that paracetamol-induced liver damage is synergistically enhanced by the TRAIL signaling pathway. As LSECs are constantly exposed to activated immune cells expressing death ligands, including TRAIL, we investigated the effect of TRAIL on paracetamol-induced LSEC death. We here demonstrate for the first time that TRAIL strongly enhances paracetamol-mediated LSEC death with typical features of apoptosis. Inhibition of caspases using specific inhibitors resulted in a strong reduction of cell death. TRAIL appears to enhance paracetamol-induced LSEC death via the activation of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins Bid and Bim, which initiate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Taken together this study shows that the liver endothelial layer, mainly LSECs, represent a direct target of the cytotoxic effect of paracetamol and that activation of TRAIL receptor synergistically enhances paracetamol-induced LSEC death via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. TRAIL-mediated acceleration of paracetamol-induced cell death may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of paracetamol-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Badmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Corazza N, Kaufmann T. Novel insights into mechanisms of food allergy and allergic airway inflammation using experimental mouse models. Allergy 2012; 67:1483-90. [PMID: 23106364 DOI: 10.1111/all.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, considerable efforts have been undertaken in the development of animal models mimicking the pathogenesis of allergic diseases occurring in humans. The mouse has rapidly emerged as the animal model of choice, due to considerations of handling and costs and, importantly, due to the availability of a large and increasing arsenal of genetically modified mouse strains and molecular tools facilitating the analysis of complex disease models. Here, we review latest developments in allergy research that have arisen from in vivo experimentation in the mouse, with a focus on models of food allergy and allergic asthma, which constitute major health problems with increasing incidence in industrialized countries. We highlight recent novel findings and controversies in the field, most of which were obtained through the use of gene-deficient or germ-free mice, and discuss new potential therapeutic approaches that have emerged from animal studies and that aim at attenuating allergic reactions in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Corazza
- Institute of Pathology; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
| | - T. Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern; Switzerland
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11
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Hostettler N, Bianchi P, Gennari-Moser C, Kassahn D, Schoonjans K, Corazza N, Brunner T. Local glucocorticoid production in the mouse lung is induced by immune cell stimulation. Allergy 2012; 67:227-34. [PMID: 22111694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GC) are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive steroid hormones, mainly produced by the adrenal glands. However, increasing evidence supports the idea of additional extra-adrenal sources of bioactive GC. The lung epithelium is constantly exposed to a plethora of antigenic stimuli, and local GC synthesis could contribute to limit uncontrolled immune reactions and tissue damage. METHODS Expression of steroidogenic enzymes and GC synthesis in ex vivo organ cultures was studied in mouse lung tissue after in vivo stimulation of immune cells. RESULTS Mouse lung tissue was found to express steroidogenic enzymes required for the synthesis of corticosterone from cholesterol and to synthesize corticosterone in large quantities after immune cell activation by anti-CD3 antibody, lipopolysaccharide, or TNFα. In marked contrast, ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation failed to promote lung GC synthesis. Although the lung expresses all steroidogenic enzymes necessary for de novo synthesis of corticosterone from cholesterol, functional data indicated that inactive serum-derived dehydrocorticosterone is converted to active corticosterone by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1. CONCLUSION Our results support the notion that local GC synthesis represents a novel immunoregulatory mechanism to limit uncontrolled immune responses in the lung and indicate that defective local steroidogenesis may contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hostettler
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Lauer C, Brunner T, Corazza N. The proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim plays a central role during the development of virus-induced hepatitis. J Immunol 2011; 188:916-22. [PMID: 22156338 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The proapoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bim was shown to control the apoptosis of both T cells and hepatocytes. This dual role of Bim might be particularly relevant for the development of viral hepatitis, in which both the sensitivity of hepatocytes to apoptosis stimuli and the persistence of cytotoxic T cells are essential factors for the outcome of the disease. The relevance of Bim in regulating survival of cytotoxic T cells or induction of hepatocyte death has only been investigated in separate systems, and their relative contributions to the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated hepatitis remain unclear. Using the highly dynamic model system of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-mediated hepatitis and bone marrow chimeras, we found that Bim has a dual role in the development of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced, T cell-mediated hepatitis. Although the absence of Bim in parenchymal cells led to markedly attenuated liver damage, loss of Bim in the lymphoid compartment moderately enhanced hepatitis. However, when both effects were combined in Bim(-/-) mice, the effect of Bim deficiency in the lymphoid compartment was overcompensated for by the reduced sensitivity of Bim(-/-) hepatocytes to T cell-induced apoptosis, resulting in the protection of Bim(-/-) mice from hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lauer
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Schlachter EK, Widmer HR, Bregy A, Lönnfors-Weitzel T, Vajtai I, Corazza N, Bernau VJP, Weitzel T, Mordasini P, Slotboom J, Herrmann G, Bogni S, Hofmann H, Frenz M, Reinert M. Metabolic pathway and distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: in vivo study. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1793-800. [PMID: 21980242 PMCID: PMC3184939 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Experimental tissue fusion benefits from the selective heating of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) under high frequency irradiation. However, the metabolic pathways of SPIONs for tissue fusion remain unknown. Hence, the goal of this in vivo study was to analyze the distribution of SPIONs in different organs by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological analysis after a SPION-containing patch implantation. Methods: SPION-containing patches were implanted in rats. Three animal groups were studied histologically over six months. Degradation assessment of the SPION-albumin patch was performed in vivo using MRI for iron content localization and biodistribution. Results: No SPION degradation or accumulation into the reticuloendothelial system was detected by MRI, MRI relaxometry, or histology, outside the area of the implantation patch. Concentrations from 0.01 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL were found to be hyperintense in T1-like gradient echo sequences. The best differentiation of concentrations was found in T2 relaxometry, susceptibility-sensitive gradient echo sequences, and in high repetition time T2 images. Qualitative and semiquantitative visualization of small concentrations and accumulation of SPIONs by MRI are feasible. In histological liver samples, Kupffer cells were significantly correlated with postimplantation time, but no differences were observed between sham-treated and induction/no induction groups. Transmission electron microscopy showed local uptake of SPIONs in macrophages and cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Apoptosis staining using caspase showed no increased toxicity compared with sham-treated tissue. Implanted SPION patches were relatively inert with slow, progressive local degradation over the six-month period. No distant structural alterations in the studied tissue could be observed. Conclusion: Systemic bioavailability may play a role in specific SPION implant toxicity and therefore the local degradation process is a further aspect to be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Schlachter
- Department of Neurosurgery, InselspitalBern, 3010 Berne, Switzerland
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14
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Badmann A, Keough A, Kaufmann T, Bouillet P, Brunner T, Corazza N. Role of TRAIL and the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bim in acetaminophen-induced liver damage. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e171. [PMID: 21654829 PMCID: PMC3168997 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP), paracetamol) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent. Although considered safe at therapeutic doses, accidental or intentional overdose causes acute liver failure characterized by centrilobular hepatic necrosis with high morbidity and mortality. Although many molecular aspects of APAP-induced cell death have been described, no conclusive mechanism has been proposed. We recently identified TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and c-Jun kinase (JNK)-dependent activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bim as an important apoptosis amplification pathway in hepatocytes. In this study, we, thus, investigated the role of TRAIL, c-JNK and Bim in APAP-induced liver damage. Our results demonstrate that TRAIL strongly synergizes with APAP in inducing cell death in hepatocyte-like cells lines and primary hepatocyte. Furthermore, we found that APAP strongly induces the expression of Bim in a c-JNK-dependent manner. Consequently, TRAIL- or Bim-deficient mice were substantially protected from APAP-induced liver damage. This study identifies the TRAIL-JNK-Bim axis as a novel target in the treatment of APAP-induced liver damage and substantiates its general role in hepatocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Badmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, and Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Schmich K, Schlatter R, Corazza N, Sá Ferreira K, Ederer M, Brunner T, Borner C, Merfort I. Tumor necrosis factor α sensitizes primary murine hepatocytes to Fas/CD95-induced apoptosis in a Bim- and Bid-dependent manner. Hepatology 2011; 53:282-92. [PMID: 20872776 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fas/CD95 is a critical mediator of cell death in many chronic and acute liver diseases and induces apoptosis in primary hepatocytes in vitro. In contrast, the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) fails to provoke cell death in isolated hepatocytes but has been implicated in hepatocyte apoptosis during liver diseases associated with chronic inflammation. Here we report that TNFα sensitizes primary murine hepatocytes cultured on collagen to Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis. This synergism is time-dependent and is specifically mediated by TNFα. Fas itself is essential for the sensitization, but neither Fas up-regulation nor endogenous FasL is responsible for this effect. Although FasL is shown to induce Bid-independent apoptosis in hepatocytes cultured on collagen, the sensitizing effect of TNFα is clearly dependent on Bid. Moreover, both c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and Bim, another B cell lymphoma 2 homology domain 3 (BH3)-only protein, are crucial mediators of TNFα-induced apoptosis sensitization. Bim and Bid activate the mitochondrial amplification loop and induce cytochrome c release, a hallmark of type II apoptosis. The mechanism of TNFα-induced sensitization is supported by a mathematical model that correctly reproduces the biological findings. Finally, our results are physiologically relevant because TNFα also induces sensitivity to agonistic anti-Fas-induced liver damage. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that TNFα can cooperate with FasL to induce hepatocyte apoptosis by activating the BH3-only proteins Bim and Bid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schmich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Noti M, Corazza N, Mueller C, Berger B, Brunner T. TNF suppresses acute intestinal inflammation by inducing local glucocorticoid synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1057-66. [PMID: 20439544 PMCID: PMC2867273 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although tumor necrosis factor (α) (TNF) exerts proinflammatory activities in a variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, there is increasing evidence for antiinflammatory actions of TNF. In contrast, glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that suppress inflammation, at least in part by regulating the expression and action of TNF. We report that TNF induces extraadrenal production of immunoregulatory GCs in the intestinal mucosa during acute intestinal inflammation. The absence of TNF results in a lack of colonic GC synthesis and exacerbation of dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis. TNF seems to promote local steroidogenesis by directly inducing steroidogenic enzymes in intestinal epithelial cells. Therapeutic administration of TNF induces GC synthesis in oxazolone-induced colitis and ameliorates intestinal inflammation, whereas inhibition of intestinal GC synthesis abrogates the therapeutic effect of TNF. These data show that TNF suppresses the pathogenesis of acute intestinal inflammation by promoting local steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Noti
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Noti M, Corazza N, Tuffin G, Schoonjans K, Brunner T. Lipopolysaccharide induces intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis in a TNFα‐dependent manner. FASEB J 2010; 24:1340-6. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-140913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Noti
- Division of Experimental PathologyInstitute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Division of Experimental PathologyInstitute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Gérald Tuffin
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern SwitzerlandSchool of Life SciencesMuttenzSwitzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLaboratory of Integrative Systems and PhysiologyLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Division of Experimental PathologyInstitute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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18
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Abstract
The death ligand members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family are potent inducers of apoptosis in a variety of cell types. In particular, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has recently received much scientific and commercial attention because of its potent tumor cell-killing activity while leaving normal untransformed cells mostly unaffected. Furthermore, TRAIL strongly synergizes with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in inducing tumor cell apoptosis, making it a most promising candidate for future cancer therapy. Increasing evidence indicates, however, that TRAIL may also induce or modulate apoptosis in primary cells. A particular concern is the potential side effect of TRAIL-based tumor therapies in the liver. In this review we summarize some of the recent findings on the role of TRAIL in tumor cell and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Corazza
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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19
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Luckschander N, Pfammatter NS, Sidler D, Jakob S, Burgener IA, Moore PF, Zurbriggen A, Corazza N, Brunner T. Phenotyping, functional characterization, and developmental changes in canine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Vet Res 2009; 40:58. [DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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21
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Herold S, Steinmueller M, von Wulffen W, Cakarova L, Pinto R, Pleschka S, Mack M, Kuziel WA, Corazza N, Brunner T, Seeger W, Lohmeyer J. Lung epithelial apoptosis in influenza virus pneumonia: the role of macrophage-expressed TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:3065-77. [PMID: 19064696 PMCID: PMC2605231 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20080201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes have been attributed a crucial role in the host defense toward influenza virus (IV), but their contribution to influenza-induced lung failure is incompletely understood. We demonstrate for the first time that lung-recruited “exudate” macrophages significantly contribute to alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis by the release of tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in a murine model of influenza-induced pneumonia. Using CC-chemokine receptor 2–deficient (CCR2−/−) mice characterized by defective inflammatory macrophage recruitment, and blocking anti-CCR2 antibodies, we show that exudate macrophage accumulation in the lungs of influenza-infected mice is associated with pronounced AEC apoptosis and increased lung leakage and mortality. Among several proapoptotic mediators analyzed, TRAIL messenger RNA was found to be markedly up-regulated in alveolar exudate macrophages as compared with peripheral blood monocytes. Moreover, among the different alveolar-recruited leukocyte subsets, TRAIL protein was predominantly expressed on macrophages. Finally, abrogation of TRAIL signaling in exudate macrophages resulted in significantly reduced AEC apoptosis, attenuated lung leakage, and increased survival upon IV infection. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a key role for exudate macrophages in the induction of alveolar leakage and mortality in IV pneumonia. Epithelial cell apoptosis induced by TRAIL-expressing macrophages is identified as a major underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Herold
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
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22
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Kassahn D, Brunner T, Corazza N. Distinct but complementary roles of Fas ligand and Bim in homeostatic T cell apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:3469-71. [PMID: 18971628 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.21.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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23
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Atanasov AG, Leiser D, Roesselet C, Noti M, Corazza N, Schoonjans K, Brunner T. Cell cycle-dependent regulation of extra-adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in murine intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J 2008; 22:4117-25. [PMID: 18711026 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory steroids with important applications in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Endogenous glucocorticoids are mainly produced by the adrenal glands, although there is increasing evidence for extra-adrenal sources. Recent findings show that intestinal crypt cells produce glucocorticoids, which contribute to the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. Intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis is critically regulated by the transcription factor liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1). As expression of steroidogenic enzymes and LRH-1 is restricted to the proliferating cells of the crypts, we aimed to investigate the role of the cell cycle in the regulation of LRH-1 activity and intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis. We here show that either pharmacological or molecular modulation of cell cycle progression significantly inhibited expression of steroidogenic enzymes and synthesis of glucocorticoids in intestinal epithelial cells. Synchronization of intestinal epithelial cells in the cell cycle revealed that expression of steroidogenic enzymes is preferentially induced at the G(1)/S stage. Differentiation of immature intestinal epithelial cells to mature nonproliferating cells also resulted in reduced expression of steroidogenic enzymes. This cell cycle-related effect on intestinal steroidogenesis was found to be mediated through the regulation of LRH-1 transcriptional activity. This mechanism may restrict intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis to the proliferating cells of the crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanas G Atanasov
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Jakob S, Corazza N, Diamantis E, Kappeler A, Brunner T. Detection of apoptosis in vivo using antibodies against caspase-induced neo-epitopes. Methods 2008; 44:255-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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25
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Plock J, Frese S, Keogh A, Bisch-Knaden S, Ayuni E, Corazza N, Weikert C, Jakob S, Erni D, Dufour JF, Brunner T, Candinas D, Stroka D. Activation of non-ischemic, hypoxia-inducible signalling pathways up-regulate cytoprotective genes in the murine liver. J Hepatol 2007; 47:538-45. [PMID: 17599631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We investigated the molecular response of a non-ischemic hypoxic stress in the liver, in particular, to distinguish its hepatoprotective potential. METHODS The livers of mice were subjected to non-ischemic hypoxia by clamping the hepatic-artery (HA) for 2h while maintaining portal circulation. Hypoxia was defined by a decrease in oxygen saturation, the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and the mRNA up-regulation of responsive genes. To demonstrate that the molecular response to hypoxia may in part be hepatoprotective, pre-conditioned animals were injected with an antibody against Fas (Jo2) to induce acute liver failure. Hepatocyte apoptosis was monitored by caspase-3 activity, cleavage of lamin A and animal survival. RESULTS Clamping the HA induced a hypoxic stress in the liver in the absence of severe metabolic distress or tissue damage. The hypoxic stimulus was sufficient to activate the HIF-1 signalling pathway and up-regulate hepatoprotective genes. Pre-conditioning the liver with hypoxia was able to delay the onset of Fas-mediated apoptosis and prolong animal survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that hepatic cells can sense and respond to a decrease in tissue oxygenation, and furthermore, that activation of hypoxia-inducible signalling pathways function in part to promote liver cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plock
- Clinic of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrase 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Coste A, Dubuquoy L, Barnouin R, Annicotte JS, Magnier B, Notti M, Corazza N, Antal MC, Metzger D, Desreumaux P, Brunner T, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K. LRH-1-mediated glucocorticoid synthesis in enterocytes protects against inflammatory bowel disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13098-103. [PMID: 17670946 PMCID: PMC1941823 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702440104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) is a nuclear receptor involved in intestinal lipid homeostasis and cell proliferation. Here we show that haploinsufficiency of LRH-1 predisposes mice to the development of intestinal inflammation. Besides the increased inflammatory response, LRH-1 heterozygous mice exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid show lower local corticosterone production as a result of an impaired intestinal expression of the enzymes CYP11A1 and CYP11B1, which control the local synthesis of corticosterone in the intestine. Local glucocorticoid production is strictly enterocyte-dependent because it is robustly reduced in epithelium-specific LRH-1-deficient mice. Consistent with these findings, colon biopsies of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis show reduced expression of LRH-1 and genes involved in the production of glucocorticoids. Hence, LRH-1 regulates intestinal immunity in response to immunological stress by triggering local glucocorticoid production. These findings underscore the importance of LRH-1 in the control of intestinal inflammation and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Coste
- *Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- *Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
- INSERM U795 Université de Lille 2 et Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Romain Barnouin
- *Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Sebastien Annicotte
- *Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Benjamin Magnier
- *Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Mario Notti
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Nadia Corazza
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; and
| | | | - Daniel Metzger
- *Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- INSERM U795 Université de Lille 2 et Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Johan Auwerx
- *Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, Génopole de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- *Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Parc d'Innovation, 67404 Illkirch, France. E-mail:
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27
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Mueller M, Atanasov A, Cima I, Corazza N, Schoonjans K, Brunner T. Differential regulation of glucocorticoid synthesis in murine intestinal epithelial versus adrenocortical cell lines. Endocrinology 2007; 148:1445-53. [PMID: 17170096 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones with important functions in development, immune regulation, and glucose metabolism. The adrenal glands are the predominant source of glucocorticoids; however, there is increasing evidence for extraadrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in thymus, brain, skin, and vascular endothelium. We recently identified intestinal epithelial cells as an important source of glucocorticoids, which regulate the activation of local intestinal immune cells. The molecular regulation of intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis is currently unexplored. In this study we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the steroidogenic enzymes P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme and 11beta-hydroxylase, and the production of corticosterone in the murine intestinal epithelial cell line mICcl2 and compared it with that in the adrenocortical cell line Y1. Surprisingly, we observed a reciprocal stimulation pattern in these two cell lines. Elevation of intracellular cAMP induced the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in Y1 cells, whereas it inhibited steroidogenesis in mICcl2 cells. In contrast, phorbol ester induced steroidogenic enzymes in intestinal epithelial cells, which was synergistically enhanced upon transfection of cells with the nuclear receptors steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1) and liver receptor homolog-1 (NR5A2). Finally, we observed that basal and liver receptor homolog-1/phorbol ester-induced expression of steroidogenic enzymes in mICcl2 cells was inhibited by the antagonistic nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner. We conclude that the molecular basis of glucocorticoid synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells is distinct from that in adrenal cells, most likely representing an adaptation to the local environment and different requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mueller
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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28
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Corazza N, Jakob S, Schaer C, Frese S, Keogh A, Stroka D, Kassahn D, Torgler R, Mueller C, Schneider P, Brunner T. TRAIL receptor-mediated JNK activation and Bim phosphorylation critically regulate Fas-mediated liver damage and lethality. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:2493-9. [PMID: 16955144 PMCID: PMC1555640 DOI: 10.1172/jci27726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF family with potent apoptosis-inducing properties in tumor cells. In particular, TRAIL strongly synergizes with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs to induce tumor cell death. Thus, TRAIL has been proposed as a promising future cancer therapy. Little, however, is known regarding what the role of TRAIL is in normal untransformed cells and whether therapeutic administration of TRAIL, alone or in combination with other apoptotic triggers, may cause tissue damage. In this study, we investigated the role of TRAIL in Fas-induced (CD95/Apo-1-induced) hepatocyte apoptosis and liver damage. While TRAIL alone failed to induce apoptosis in isolated murine hepatocytes, it strongly amplified Fas-induced cell death. Importantly, endogenous TRAIL was found to critically regulate anti-Fas antibody-induced hepatocyte apoptosis, liver damage, and associated lethality in vivo. TRAIL enhanced anti-Fas-induced hepatocyte apoptosis through the activation of JNK and its downstream substrate, the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bim. Consistently, TRAIL- and Bim-deficient mice and wild-type mice treated with a JNK inhibitor were protected against anti-Fas-induced liver damage. We conclude that TRAIL and Bim are important response modifiers of hepatocyte apoptosis and identify liver damage and lethality as a possible risk of TRAIL-based tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Corazza
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Jakob
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Schaer
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Frese
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Keogh
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Kassahn
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Torgler
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Insel University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Corazza N, Brumatti G, Schaer C, Cima I, Wasem C, Brunner T. TRAIL and immunity: more than a license to kill tumor cells. Cell Death Differ 2005; 11 Suppl 2:S122-5. [PMID: 15608691 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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31
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Olleros ML, Guler R, Vesin D, Parapanov R, Marchal G, Martinez-Soria E, Corazza N, Pache JC, Mueller C, Garcia I. Contribution of transmembrane tumor necrosis factor to host defense against Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-guerin and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Am J Pathol 2005; 166:1109-20. [PMID: 15793291 PMCID: PMC1602380 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To study the specific role of transmembrane tumor necrosis factor (TmTNF) in host defense mechanisms against bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, we compared the immune responses of TNF/lymphotoxin (LT)-alpha(-/-) mice expressing a noncleavable transgenic TmTNF (TmTNF tg) to those of TNF/LT-alpha(-/-) and wild-type mice. Susceptibility of TNF/LT-alpha(-/-) mice to BCG infection was associated with impaired induction of systemic RANTES but not of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), the development of excessive local and systemic Th1-type immune responses, and a substantially reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity. Resistance of TmTNF tg mice to BCG infection was associated with efficient activation of iNOS in granulomas and with the regulated release of local and systemic chemokines and Th1-type cytokines. However, M. tuberculosis infection of TmTNF tg mice resulted in longer survival and enhanced resistance compared to TNF/LT-alpha(-/-) mice but higher sensitivity than wild-type mice. TmTNF tg mice exhibited reduced pulmonary iNOS expression and showed an exacerbated cellular infiltration in the lungs despite a modest bacillary content. Our data thus indicate a role for TmTNF in host defense against mycobacteria by contributing to induction and regulation of Th1-type cytokine and chemokine expression leading to development of bactericidal granulomas expressing iNOS, which critically determines susceptibility versus resistance of the host to mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Olleros
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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32
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Cima I, Corazza N, Dick B, Fuhrer A, Herren S, Jakob S, Ayuni E, Mueller C, Brunner T. Intestinal epithelial cells synthesize glucocorticoids and regulate T cell activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 200:1635-46. [PMID: 15596520 PMCID: PMC2211994 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important steroid hormones with widespread activities in metabolism, development, and immune regulation. The adrenal glands are the major source of GCs and release these hormones in response to psychological and immunological stress. However, there is increasing evidence that GCs may also be synthesized by nonadrenal tissues. Here, we report that the intestinal mucosa expresses steroidogenic enzymes and releases the GC corticosterone in response to T cell activation. T cell activation causes an increase in the intestinal expression of the steroidogenic enzymes required for GC synthesis. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that these enzymes are confined to the crypt region of the intestinal epithelial layer. Surprisingly, in situ-produced GCs exhibit both an inhibitory and a costimulatory role on intestinal T cell activation. In the absence of intestinal GCs in vivo, activation by anti-CD3 injection resulted in reduced CD69 expression and interferon-gamma production by intestinal T cells, whereas activation by viral infection led to increased T cell activation. We conclude that the intestinal mucosa is a potent source of immunoregulatory GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Cima
- Div. of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, PO Box 62, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Corazza N, Brunner T, Buri C, Rihs S, Imboden MA, Seibold I, Mueller C. Transmembrane tumor necrosis factor is a potent inducer of colitis even in the absence of its secreted form. Gastroenterology 2004; 127:816-25. [PMID: 15362037 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is cleaved proteolytically from a 26-kilodalton transmembrane precursor protein into secreted 17-kilodalton monomers. Transmembrane (tm) and secreted trimeric TNF are biologically active and may mediate distinct activities. We assessed the consequences of a complete inhibition of TNF processing on the course of colitis in recombination activating gene (RAG)2 -/- mice on transfer of CD4 CD45RB hi T cells. METHODS TNF -/- mice, transgenic for a noncleavable mutant TNF gene, were used as donors of CD4 T cells, and, on a RAG2 -/- background, also as recipients. Kinetics of disease development were compared in the absence of TNF, in the absence of secreted TNF, and in the presence of secreted and tmTNF. The analysis at the end of the observation period included the histopathologic assessment of the intestine and the localization of TNF and interferon gamma (IFNgamma)-expressing cells. RESULTS The complete prevention of TNF secretion in tmTNF transgenic RAG2 -/- mice neither prevented nor delayed disease induction by transferred transgenic for a noncleavable transmembrane mutant of mouse TNF (tmTNF tg) CD4 CD45RB hi T cells. tmTNF expression by transferred CD4 T cells, however, was not required for disease induction because severe colitis and weight loss also were observed in tmTNF RAG2 -/- recipients of TNF -/- CD4 CD45RB hi T cells. In the presence of tmTNF, the absence of secreted TNF did not affect frequency and distribution of TNF and interferon-gamma messenger RNA (mRNA)-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that specific inhibitors of TNF processing are not appropriate for modulating the pro-inflammatory and disease-inducing effects of TNF in chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Corazza
- Department of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Brozovic S, Nagaishi T, Yoshida M, Betz S, Salas A, Chen D, Kaser A, Glickman J, Kuo T, Little A, Morrison J, Corazza N, Kim JY, Colgan SP, Young SG, Exley M, Blumberg RS. CD1d function is regulated by microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Nat Med 2004; 10:535-9. [PMID: 15107843 DOI: 10.1038/nm1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD1d is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related molecule that functions in glycolipid antigen presentation to distinct subsets of T cells that express natural killer receptors and an invariant T-cell receptor-alpha chain (invariant NKT cells). The acquisition of glycolipid antigens by CD1d occurs, in part, in endosomes through the function of resident lipid transfer proteins, namely saposins. Here we show that microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), a protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and is essential for lipidation of apolipoprotein B, associates with CD1d in hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from animals in which Mttp (the gene encoding MTP) has been conditionally deleted, and IECs in which Mttp gene products have been silenced, are unable to activate invariant NKT cells. Conditional deletion of the Mttp gene in hepatocytes is associated with a redistribution of CD1d expression, and Mttp-deleted mice are resistant to immunopathologies associated with invariant NKT cell-mediated hepatitis and colitis. These studies indicate that the CD1d-regulating function of MTP in the endoplasmic reticulum is complementary to that of the saposins in endosomes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Brozovic
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily are crucially involved in the regulation of T cell activation, homeostasis and cytotoxicity. In particular, Fas ligand (FasL), expressed by activated T lymphocytes, induces cell-mediated cytotoxicity and may also be responsible for apoptotic suicide. Tight regulation of this death-inducing ligand is a prerequisite for proper immune defense and homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss various aspects of FasL regulation in cell-mediated cytotoxicity, immune homeostasis and the immunopathology of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brunner
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, P.O. Box 62, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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van de Wal Y, Corazza N, Allez M, Mayer LF, Iijima H, Ryan M, Cornwall S, Kaiserlian D, Hershberg R, Koezuka Y, Colgan SP, Blumberg RS. Delineation of a CD1d-restricted antigen presentation pathway associated with human and mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 2003; 124:1420-31. [PMID: 12730881 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CD1d, a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related molecule that is responsible for the presentation of glycolipid antigens to subsets of natural killer T (NK-T) cells, is expressed by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, CD1d-restricted antigen presentation has not yet been examined on IECs. METHODS A mouse intestinal epithelial cell line (MODE-K), a human epithelial cell line (T84), T84 cells transfected with CD1d and/or MHC class II, and freshly isolated human IECs were examined for their ability to present model glycolipid antigens to NK-T cells as defined by interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-4 secretion. RESULTS MODE-K and freshly isolated human IECs exhibited dose-dependent, CD1d-restricted presentation of the functional glycolipid antigen, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha GalCer), to the mouse NK-T cell hybridoma, DN32.D3. The human IEC line, T84, mainly presented alpha GalCer when transfected with human CD1d. Presentation of alpha GalCer by CD1d-transfected T84 cells (T84d) to DN32.D3 cells was greater along the basal surface in comparison with the apical surface. Induction of the MHC class II antigen presentation machinery by cotransfecting T84d with the MHC class I transactivator (CIITA) did not alter this polarity of presentation. Neither MODE-K nor T84 cells transfected with CD1d, CD1d plus CIITA, or CD1d plus HLA-DR were able to present glycolipid antigens requiring intracellular processing. The MODE-K cell line could also present alpha GalCer to primary mouse NK-T cells. CONCLUSIONS CD1d is expressed functionally on IECs with a polarity of presentation (basal > apical) predicting a role in presentation of mucosal glycolipid antigens to local CD1d-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne van de Wal
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Wasem C, Arnold D, Saurer L, Corazza N, Jakob S, Herren S, Vallan C, Mueller C, Brunner T. Sensitizing antigen-specific CD8+ T cells for accelerated suicide causes immune incompetence. J Clin Invest 2003; 111:1191-9. [PMID: 12697738 PMCID: PMC152931 DOI: 10.1172/jci16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Death receptor-mediated activation-induced apoptosis of antigen-specific T cells is a major mechanism of peripheral tolerance induction and immune homeostasis. Failure to undergo activation-induced cell death (AICD) is an important underlying cause of many autoimmune diseases. Thus, enhancing the T cell's own suicide mechanism may provide an efficient therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Bisindolylmaleimide VIII (Bis VIII), a PKC inhibitor, can sensitize T cells for death receptor-induced apoptosis and thus can inhibit the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune disease in vivo. In this study, we have analyzed the functional consequences of accelerated suicide for a protective CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response. Our data indicate that CD8+ T cells are sensitized by Bis VIII to AICD, both in vitro and in vivo. The sensitizing effect of Bis VIII appears to be mediated by specific downmodulation of the antiapoptotic molecule cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP(L)). Importantly, Bis VIII administration during an acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection causes the depletion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and subsequently impaired cytotoxicity and virus clearance. We conclude that resistance to death receptor-induced apoptosis is crucial for the efficient induction of a protective immune response, and that Bis VIII-based immunotherapies have to be applied under well-controlled conditions to avoid the induction of immune incompetence and the inability to respond to pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wasem
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Nieuwenhuis EES, Neurath MF, Corazza N, Iijima H, Trgovcich J, Wirtz S, Glickman J, Bailey D, Yoshida M, Galle PR, Kronenberg M, Birkenbach M, Blumberg RS. Disruption of T helper 2-immune responses in Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:16951-6. [PMID: 12482940 PMCID: PMC139250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.252648899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a widely expressed IL-12p40-related protein that associates as a heterodimer with either IL-12p35 or an IL-12p35 homologue, p28, to create a new cytokine (IL-27). To define the function of EBI3 in vivo, we generated knockout mice in which the ebi3 gene was targeted by homologous recombination. EBI3-/- mice exhibited normal numbers of both naive and mature CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B cells, but markedly decreased numbers of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) as defined by staining with an alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer)-loaded CD1d-tetramer. iNKT cells from EBI3-/- mice exhibited decreased IL-4 and, to a lesser extent, IFN-gamma production after alphaGalCer stimulation in vitro. A sustained decrease in IL-4 production was also observed in EBI3-/- mice after alphaGalCer stimulation in vivo in contrast to IFN-gamma production, which was only transiently decreased under such stimulation. Notably, EBI3-/- mice were resistant to the induction of immunopathology associated with oxazolone-induced colitis, a colitis model mediated primarily by T helper (Th) 2-type cytokine production by iNKT cells. In contrast, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis, a predominantly Th1-mediated colitis model, was unaffected. Thus, EBI3 plays a critical regulatory role in the induction of Th2-type immune responses and the development of Th2-mediated tissue inflammation in vivo, which may be mediated through the control of iNKT cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E S Nieuwenhuis
- Gastroenterology Division and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nieuwenhuis EES, Matsumoto T, Exley M, Schleipman RA, Glickman J, Bailey DT, Corazza N, Colgan SP, Onderdonk AB, Blumberg RS. CD1d-dependent macrophage-mediated clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from lung. Nat Med 2002; 8:588-93. [PMID: 12042809 DOI: 10.1038/nm0602-588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CD1d-restricted T cells are implicated as key players in host defense against various microbial infections. However, the mechanisms involved and the role they play, if any, at the mucosal surfaces where pathogenic infections are initiated is unknown. In a murine pneumonia model established by intranasal application of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CD1d(-/-) mice showed markedly reduced pulmonary eradication of P. aeruginosa compared with wild-type mice; this was associated with significantly lower amounts of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and reduced numbers of neutrophils within the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Corollarily, treatment of mice with alpha-galactosylceramide--a lipid that activates CD1d-restricted T cells--increased the amount of interferon-gamma; this was associated with rapid pulmonary clearance through enhanced phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by alveolar macrophages. These results reveal a crucial role played by CD1d-restricted T cells in regulating the antimicrobial immune functions of macrophages at the lung mucosal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E S Nieuwenhuis
- Gastroenterology Division and Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Olleros ML, Guler R, Corazza N, Vesin D, Eugster HP, Marchal G, Chavarot P, Mueller C, Garcia I. Transmembrane TNF induces an efficient cell-mediated immunity and resistance to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection in the absence of secreted TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha. J Immunol 2002; 168:3394-401. [PMID: 11907097 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.7.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of a transmembrane (Tm) form of TNF to protective immunity against Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was studied in transgenic (tg) mice expressing a noncleavable Tm TNF but lacking the TNF/lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) locus (Tm TNF tg mice). These mice were as resistant to BCG infection as wild-type mice, whereas TNF/LT-alpha(-/-), TNF(-/-), and LT-alpha(-/-) mice succumbed. Tm TNF tg mice developed granulomas of smaller size but at 2- to 4-fold increased frequencies compared with wild-type mice. Granulomas were mainly formed by monocytes and activated macrophages expressing Tm TNF mRNA and accumulating acid phosphatase. NO synthase 2 activation as a key macrophage bactericidal mechanism was low during the acute phase of infection in Tm TNF tg mice but was still sufficient to limit bacterial growth and increased in late infection. While infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulted in very rapid death of TNF/LT-alpha(-/-) mice, it also resulted in survival of Tm TNF tg mice which presented an increase in the number of CFU in spleen (5-fold) and lungs (10-fold) as compared with bacterial load of wild-type mice. In conclusion, the Tm form of TNF induces an efficient cell-mediated immunity and total resistance against BCG even in the absence of LT-alpha and secreted TNF. However, Tm TNF-mediated protection against virulent M. tuberculosis infection can also be efficient but not as strong as in BCG infection, in which cognate cellular interactions may play a more predominant role in providing long-term surveillance and containment of BCG-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Olleros
- Department of Pathology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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41
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Blumberg RS, van de Wal Y, Claypool S, Corazza N, Dickinson B, Nieuwenhuis E, Pitman R, Spiekermann G, Zhu X, Colgan S, Lencer WI. The multiple roles of major histocompatibility complex class-I-like molecules in mucosal immune function. Acta Odontol Scand 2001; 59:139-44. [PMID: 11501882 PMCID: PMC2824335 DOI: 10.1080/000163501750266729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 encodes three classical class-I genes: human leukocyte antigens (HLA) A, B, and C. These polymorphic genes encode a 43- to 45-kDa cell surface glycoprotein that, in association with the 12-kDa beta2-microglobulin molecule, functions in the presentation of nine amino acid peptides to the T-cell receptor of CD8-bearing T lymphocytes and killer inhibitory receptors on natural killer cells. In addition to these ubiquitously expressed, polymorphic proteins, the human genome also encodes several nonclassical MHC class-I-like, or class Ib, genes that, in general, encode nonpolymorphic molecules involved in various specific immunological functions. Many of these genes, including CD1, the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG, HLA-G, HLA-E, the MHC class-I chain-related gene A, and Hfe, are prominently displayed on epithelial cells, suggesting an important role in epithelial cell biology.
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MESH Headings
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Genes, MHC Class I/genetics
- HLA Antigens/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, KIR
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- beta 2-Microglobulin/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Corazza N, Müller S, Brunner T, Kägi D, Mueller C. Differential contribution of Fas- and perforin-mediated mechanisms to the cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of naive and in vivo-primed intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. J Immunol 2000; 164:398-403. [PMID: 10605035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are known to exert strong constitutive cytotoxic activity. In the present study we compared the Ag-specific cytotoxic activity and the effector mechanisms involved in non-Ag-primed, naive and in in vivo-primed IELs and splenic CD8 T cells. Ex vivo isolated naive CD8alphaalpha TCRalphabeta IELs, CD8alphabeta IELs, and splenocytes from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific TCR transgenic mice exert Ag-specific cytotoxic activity in a long-term, but not in a short-term, cytotoxicity assay. This cytotoxic activity is mainly Fas-Fas ligand mediated and is significantly reduced in the presence of 20 microg/ml Fas-Fcgamma1 fusion protein. Both CD8alphabeta IELs and CD8alphabeta splenocytes isolated from LCMV-infected C57BL/6 mice exert potent perforin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. CD8alphaalpha TCRalphabeta IELs from LCMV-infected animals, however, show only minimal Ag-specific cytotoxicity. The potent cytotoxic activity of in vivo activated CD8alphabeta IELs is not affected by the addition of Fas-Fcgamma1. Nevertheless CD8alphabeta IELs from LCMV-infected perforin-deficient mice exert Ag-specific cytotoxicity in a short-term cytotoxicity assay, and this cytotoxicity is almost completely blocked by the addition of Fas-Fcgamma1. These results demonstrate that naive CD8alphabeta IELs exert Ag-specific, Fas-Fas ligand-mediated, constitutive cytotoxic activity in a long-term cytotoxicity assay, whereas primed CD8alphabeta IELs primarily use the perforin-dependent exocytosis pathway to exert their potent cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, these results clearly illustrate the requirement for Ag-specific determination of IEL-mediated cytotoxicity, because the elevated, but variable, frequencies of memory-type T cells in this compartment may lead to ambiguous results when polyclonal activation or redirected assays are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Corazza
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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43
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Mueller C, Corazza N, Trachsel-Løseth S, Eugster HP, Bühler-Jungo M, Brunner T, Imboden MA. Noncleavable transmembrane mouse tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) mediates effects distinct from those of wild-type TNFalpha in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:38112-8. [PMID: 10608881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.53.38112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) exists in two biologically active forms, a 26-kDa transmembrane form and a proteolytically cleaved and secreted form. We sequentially inactivated all three known cleavage sites of mouse TNFalpha by mutating the corresponding DNA sequences. A murine T cell hybridoma transfected with the nonsecretable mutant TNFalpha efficiently lysed L929 target cells in a cell contact-dependent manner and induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 on mouse endothelioma cells. A genomic mouse TNFalpha clone encoding this mutant was subsequently introduced as a transgene into TNFalpha(-/-) lymphotoxin-alpha(-/-) mice. The 3' AU-rich regulatory elements of the TNF locus were maintained in the transgene to assure adequate gene regulation. Transmembrane TNFalpha transgenic mice were fully protected from endotoxic shock, and no TNFalpha bioactivity was detectable in the serum after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Activated CD4 T cells from these animals, however, lysed L929 cells in a cell contact-dependent way. After administration of lipopolysaccharide, transmembrane TNFalpha transgenic mice produced significantly higher levels of interleukin-12 than wild-type mice or TNF-deficient mice. This indicates that transmembrane TNFalpha may greatly affect the course of a cellular immune responses in vivo and exerts quantitatively and qualitatively distinct functions from secreted TNFalpha in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mueller
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Corazza N, Eichenberger S, Eugster HP, Mueller C. Nonlymphocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor is required for induction of colitis in recombination activating gene (RAG)2(-/-) mice upon transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) T cells. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1479-92. [PMID: 10562322 PMCID: PMC2195702 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.10.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we addressed the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin (LT)-alpha in the development of colitis and defined the cellular sources (T cells versus non-T cells) of TNF (TNF-alpha and LT-alpha) relevant to disease development. After adoptive transfer of TNF(+/+) CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) splenocytes into TNF(+/+) recombination activating gene (RAG)2(-/-) mice, the recipients develop massive inflammation of the large intestinal mucosa concurrent with massive weight loss. In contrast, clinical signs of disease are completely absent in TNF(-/-)RAG2(-/-) recipients of TNF(-/-) CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) T cells, although elevated numbers of interferon-gamma-producing cells are present in the colonic mucosa. Surprisingly, upon transfer of TNF(-/-)CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) T cells into TNF(+/+)RAG2(-/-) recipients, colitis develops with kinetics similar to those upon transfer of TNF(+/+)CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) donor cells. In contrast, no clinical signs of colitis are observed in TNF(-/-)RAG2(-/-) recipients of TNF(+/+)CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) T cells. This protection from colitis is not a consequence of the absence of LT-alpha, as TNF-alpha(-/-)RAG2(-/-) recipients of TNF-alpha(-/-) CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) T cells are also protected from colitis induction. These results demonstrate the importance of TNF production by non-T cells of the colonic mucosa in the pathogenesis of colitis and provide direct evidence for a nonredundant role of TNF-alpha in this mouse model of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Corazza
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Eichenberger
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Pietro Eugster
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Müller S, Lory J, Corazza N, Griffiths GM, Z'graggen K, Mazzucchelli L, Kappeler A, Mueller C. Activated CD4+ and CD8+ cytotoxic cells are present in increased numbers in the intestinal mucosa from patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Pathol 1998; 152:261-8. [PMID: 9422543 PMCID: PMC1858122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is controversial, and results of in vitro assays vary according to experimental procedures. Therefore, we compared the frequency of cytotoxic effector cells in situ. On tissue sections of controls (n = 11), low frequencies of granzyme A and perforin mRNA-expressing cells are found in the lamina propria (1.77 +/- 0.15% and 1.46 +/- 0.12%, respectively) and in the epithelial cell layer (0.76 +/- 0.12% and 0.66 +/- 0.10%, respectively). In patients with IBD (n = 33), corresponding values were significantly (P < 0.02) higher, 6.1 +/- 0.40% and 5.92 +/- 0.57% for granzyme A and perforin expression in the lamina propria and 2.50 +/- 0.19% and 2.59 +/- 0.28%, respectively, in the epithelial compartment. Differences between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are statistically not significant (P > 0.33). Activated cytotoxic cells are preferentially found at sites facing the intestinal lumen. Perforin mRNA-expressing cells are mainly CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells expressing perforin mRNA are mainly isolated from affected areas of patients with Crohn's disease. Immunostaining for perforin protein generally coincides with perforin mRNA in situ. These data demonstrate that cytotoxic cells are vigorously activated in situ in the intestinal mucosa of patients with active IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Müller
- Department of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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