51
|
Dong T, Han C, Jiang M, Zhang T, Kang Q, Wang P, Zhou F. A Four-Channel Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Functionalized Online for Simultaneous Detections of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody, Free Viral Particles, and Neutralized Viral Particles. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3560-3570. [PMID: 36382569 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detect either the constituent nucleic acids/proteins of the viral particles or antibodies specific to the virus, but cannot provide information about viral neutralization by an antibody and the efficacy of an antibody. Such information is important about individuals' vulnerability to severe symptoms or their likelihood of showing no symptoms. We immobilized online SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) into separate surface plasmon resonance (SPR) channels of a tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (tris-NTA) chip to simultaneously detect the anti-S1 antibody and viral particles in serum samples. In addition, with a high-molecular-weight-cutoff filter, we separated the neutralized viral particles from the free antibody molecules and used a sensing channel immobilized with Protein G to determine antibody-neutralized viral particles. The optimal density of probe molecules in each fluidic channel can be precisely controlled through the closure and opening of the specific ports. By utilizing the high surface density of ACE2, multiple assays can be carried out without regenerations. These three species can be determined with a short analysis time (<12 min per assay) and excellent sensor-to-sensor/cycle-to-cycle reproducibility (RSD < 5%). When coupled with an autosampler, continuous assays can be performed in an unattended manner at a single chip for up to 6 days. Such a sensor capable of assaying serum samples containing the three species at different levels provides additional insights into the disease status and immunity of persons being tested, which should be helpful for containing the SARS-CoV-2 spread during the era of incessant viral mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Dong
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Chaowei Han
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Meng Jiang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- University Hospital, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Qing Kang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China, 250022
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Adaptive Immunity to Viruses: What Did We Learn from SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213951. [PMID: 36430430 PMCID: PMC9694482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes various conditions, from asymptomatic infection to the fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An intact immune system can overcome SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Defective natural, mainly interferon I- and III-dependent, responses may lead to the spread of the virus to multiple organs. Adaptive B- and T-cell responses, including memory, highly influence the severity and outcome of COVID-19. With respect to B-cell immunity, germinal centre formation is delayed or even absent in the most severe cases. Extrafollicular low-affinity anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production will occur instead of specific, high-affinity antibodies. Helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells become hyperactivated and then exhausted, leading to ineffective viral clearance from the body. The dysregulation of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, as well as lymphocyte hyperreactivity, might lead to the robust production of inflammatory mediators, also known as cytokine storm. Eventually, the disruption of this complex network of immune cells and mediators leads to severe, sometimes fatal COVID-19 or another viral disease.
Collapse
|
53
|
Schuster DJ, Karuna S, Brackett C, Wesley M, Li SS, Eisel N, Tenney D, Hilliard S, Yates NL, Heptinstall JR, Williams LD, Shen X, Rolfe R, Cabello R, Zhang L, Sawant S, Hu J, Randhawa AK, Hyrien O, Hural JA, Corey L, Frank I, Tomaras GD, Seaton KE. Lower SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity in people living with HIV-1 recovered from nonhospitalized COVID-19. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158402. [PMID: 36136590 PMCID: PMC9675463 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV-1 (PLWH) exhibit more rapid antibody decline following routine immunization and elevated baseline chronic inflammation than people without HIV-1 (PWOH), indicating potential for diminished humoral immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conflicting reports have emerged on the ability of PLWH to maintain humoral protection against SARS-CoV-2 coinfection during convalescence. It is unknown whether peak COVID-19 severity, along with HIV-1 infection status, associates with the quality and quantity of humoral immunity following recovery. Using a cross-sectional observational cohort from the United States and Peru, adults were enrolled 1-10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis or symptom resolution. Serum antibodies were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2-specific response rates, binding magnitudes, ACE2 receptor blocking, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Overall, (a) PLWH exhibited a trend toward decreased magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, despite modestly increased overall response rates when compared with PWOH; (b) PLWH recovered from symptomatic outpatient COVID-19 had comparatively diminished immune responses; and (c) PLWH lacked a corresponding increase in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with increased COVID-19 severity when asymptomatic versus symptomatic outpatient disease was compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Schuster
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Martina Wesley
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - Shuying S. Li
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nathan Eisel
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - DeAnna Tenney
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | | | - Nicole L. Yates
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | | | | | - Xiaoying Shen
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - Robert Rolfe
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | - Jiani Hu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - April Kaur Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John A. Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ian Frank
- Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly E. Seaton
- Center for Human Systems Immunology
- Department of Surgery, and
| | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 infection and its resultant COVID-19 in liver diseases has rapidly increased during the pandemic. Hereby, we review COVID-19 liver manifestations and pathophysiological aspects related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients without liver disease as well as the impact of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), particularly cirrhosis and liver transplantation (LT). SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with overt proinflammatory cytokine profile, which probably contributes substantially to the observed early and late liver abnormalities. CLD, particularly decompensated cirrhosis, should be regarded as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and death. LT was impacted during the pandemic, mainly due to concerns regarding donation and infection in recipients. However, LT did not represent a risk factor per se of worse outcome. Even though scarce, data regarding COVID-19 specific therapy in special populations such as LT recipients seem promising. COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity seems impaired in CLD and LT recipients, advocating for a revised schedule of vaccine administration in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Liver Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chiara Becchetti
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Bern, Italy
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Smithgall MC, Murphy EA, Rand S, Sukhu A, Singh S, Schatz-Siemers N, Matrai C, Tu J, Salvatore CM, Prabhu M, Permar S, Riley LE, Robinson BD, Baergen RN, Yang YJ. Placental pathology, neonatal birth weight, and Apgar score in acute and distant SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Transl Res 2022; 8:351-359. [PMID: 36518545 PMCID: PMC9741934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy has been on acute infections with limited data on the effect of distant infection. AIM We examined placental pathology and neonatal outcomes in distant SARS-CoV-2 infection earlier in pregnancy compared to acute infections late in pregnancy/at birth and to non-SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with other placental pathologies/clinical presentations. METHODS Placentas birthed to unvaccinated patients with SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing and serology testing results from time of delivery were included in this study. A total of 514 singleton placentas between April 18, 2020, and July 26, 2021, were included: 77 acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR positive and serology negative); 222 distant SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR negative but serology IgG-positive); and 215 non-SARS-Cov-2 infected (RT-PCR negative, serology negative, and history negative) with other placental pathologies: preeclampsia/hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), diabetes, chorioamnionitis, and meconium. Placental pathology findings, Apgar scores, and neonatal birth weights were compared. RESULTS Placentas from the acute group had significantly more villous agglutination (10.4%, P = 0.015) and eosinophilic T-cell vasculitis (5.2%, P = 0.004) compared to placentas from the distant group (2.7% and 0%) and non-SARS-CoV-2 placentas (1.9% and 0.9%). One acute case showed SARS-CoV-2 placentitis and resulted in preterm delivery at 25 weeks. Both the preeclampsia/hypertension and the IUGR groups showed significantly more maternal vascular malperfusion findings compared to the acute (6.5%, 6.5% and 1.3%) and distant (7.7%, 7.7%, and 3.2%) groups. Fetal vascular malperfusion findings such as thrombosis of fetal vessels (17.4% P = 0.042) and intramural fibrin deposition (21.7% P = 0.026) were significantly higher in the IUGR group compared to acute (7.8%; 2.6%) and distant (3.6%; 8.1%) infection. Many neonates born to patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 had birth weights outside of 95% confidence range of observed birth weights. There was no association of Apgar scores with infection status or placental pathology. CONCLUSION Acute and distant SARS-CoV-2 infections present differing placental pathology. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy has demonstrable effects on the placenta with potential significant impacts for maternal and fetal health. Prevention of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, primarily through vaccination, remains the best mitigation strategy to prevent sequelae of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Smithgall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Elisabeth A. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Sophie Rand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Ashley Sukhu
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Sunidhi Singh
- Weill Medical College, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Nina Schatz-Siemers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Cathleen Matrai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Jiangling Tu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | | | - Malavika Prabhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Sallie Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Laura E. Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Brian D. Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Rebecca N. Baergen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Yawei J. Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Silva MFS, Pinto ACMD, de Oliveira FDCE, Caetano LF, Araújo FMDC, Fonseca MHG. Antibody response 6 months after the booster dose of Pfizer in previous recipients of CoronaVac. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28169. [PMID: 36138495 PMCID: PMC9538962 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used vaccines were messenger RNA (mRNA), viral vector, and inactivated virus with two-dose schedules. In Brazil, the CoronaVac (Sinovac) was the first vaccine approved for emergency use, and the third dose was administered, preferably, with the BNT162b2 vaccine. We evaluated antibody levels after 6 months of the booster dose with BNT162B2 in previous recipients of CoronaVac and whether a subsequent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection enhances the antibody response. We analyze the humoral response (spike [S] IgM for the SARS-CoV-2 and IgG for the S and nucleocapsid [N] proteins) in samples collected before the third dose and 6 months after the third dose. The presence of antibodies was measured by using Abbott Architect i2000SR. The IgM and IgG antispikes were stimulated mainly 30 days after the third dose (30d/3D), with a decline over time. The IgG anti-N was stimulated predominantly in 90d/3D and 180d/3D. The N IgG levels were 50 and 35 times higher in the positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) group in 90d/3D and 180d/3D, respectively. The S IgG titers were 1.5 times elevated in the positive PCR group, in 180d/3D. The BNT162b2 boosted the S IgG levels, decreasing after 60 days. The booster shot induced IgM and IgG antibodies against spike protein. Infection after vaccination increased antibodies against protein N.
Collapse
|
57
|
Correia BP, Sousa MP, Sousa CEA, Mateus D, Sebastião AI, Cruz MT, Matos AM, Pereira AC, Moreira FTC. Development of colorimetric cellulose-based test-strip for the rapid detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV2 virus. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 29:9311-9322. [PMID: 36158137 PMCID: PMC9483301 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-022-04808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Given the pandemic situation, there is an urgent need for an accurate test to monitor antibodies anti-SARS-CoV-2, providing crucial epidemiological and clinical information to monitor the evolution of coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) and to stratify the immunized and asymptomatic population. Therefore, this paper describes a new cellulose-based test strip for rapid and cost-effective quantitative detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV2 virus by colorimetric transduction. For this purpose, Whatman paper was chemically modified with sodium metaperiodate to introduce aldehyde groups on its surface. Subsequently, the spike protein of the virus is covalently bound by forming an imine group. The chemical control of cellulose paper modification was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and contact angle analysis. Colorimetric detection of the antibodies was performed by a conventional staining method using Ponceau S solution as the dye. Color analysis was performed after image acquisition with a smartphone using Image J software. The color intensity varied linearly with the logarithm of the anti-S concentration (from 10 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL) in 500-fold diluted serum samples when plotted against the green coordinate extracted from digital images. The test strip was selective in the presence of nucleocapsid antibodies, urea, glucose, and bovine serum albumin with less than 15% interference, and detection of antibodies in human serum was successfully performed. Overall, this is a simple and affordable design that can be readily used for mass population screening and does not require sophisticated equipment or qualified personnel. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-022-04808-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara P. Correia
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana P. Sousa
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina E. A. Sousa
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela Mateus
- Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Sebastião
- Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Miguel Matos
- Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, CIEPQPF, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Pereira
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Felismina T. C. Moreira
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Jia L, Weng S, Wu J, Tian X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang J, Yan D, Wang W, Fang F, Zhu Z, Qiu C, Zhang W, Xu Y, Wan Y. Preexisting antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 S2 cross-react with commensal gut bacteria and impact COVID-19 vaccine induced immunity. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2117503. [PMID: 36100957 PMCID: PMC9481142 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The origins of preexisting SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies and their potential impacts on vaccine efficacy have not been fully clarified. In this study, we demonstrated that S2 was the prevailing target of the preexisting S protein cross-reactive antibodies in both healthy human and SPF mice. A dominant antibody epitope was identified on the connector domain of S2 (1147-SFKEELDKYFKNHT-1160, P144), which could be recognized by preexisting antibodies in both human and mouse. Through metagenomic sequencing and fecal bacteria transplant, we demonstrated that the generation of S2 cross-reactive antibodies was associated with commensal gut bacteria. Furthermore, six P144 reactive monoclonal antibodies were isolated from naïve SPF mice and were proven to cross-react with commensal gut bacteria collected from both human and mouse. A variety of cross-reactive microbial proteins were identified using LC-MS, of which E. coli derived HSP60 and HSP70 proteins were confirmed to be able to bind to one of the isolated monoclonal antibodies. Mice with high levels of preexisting S2 cross-reactive antibodies mounted higher S protein specific binding antibodies, especially against S2, after being immunized with a SARS-CoV-2 S DNA vaccine. Similarly, we found that levels of preexisting S2 and P144-specific antibodies correlated positively with RBD binding antibody titers after two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in human. Collectively, our study revealed an alternative origin of preexisting S2-targeted antibodies and disclosed a previously neglected aspect of the impact of gut microbiota on host anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufeng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Ying Xu State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangxiang Tian
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Wanhai Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Zhaoqin Zhu Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Chao Qiu Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Wenhong Zhang Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Ying Xu State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Yanmin Wan Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Huhn G, Poorbaugh J, Zhang L, Beasley S, Nirula A, Brothers J, Welbel S, Wilson J, Gillani S, Weber KM, Morack R, Keckler K, Benschop RJ. COVID-19 symptom relationship to antibody response and ACE2 neutralization in recovered health systems employees before and after mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273323. [PMID: 36083883 PMCID: PMC9462709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 can provide immunity and prevent reinfection. However, less is known about how the diversity, magnitude, and length of the antibody response after a primary infection is associated with symptoms, post-infection immunity, and post-vaccinated immunity.
Methods
Cook County Health employees provided blood samples and completed an online survey 8–10 weeks after a PCR-confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 test (pre-vaccinated, N = 41) and again, 1–4 weeks after completion of a 2-dose series mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine (post-vaccinated, N = 27). Associations were evaluated between SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, participant demographics, and clinical characteristics. Antibody titers and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) neutralization were compared before and after the mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine.
Results
Antibody titers to the spike protein (ST4), receptor binding domain (RBD), and RBD mutant D614G were significantly associated with anosmia and ageusia, cough, and fever. Spike protein antibody titers and ACE2 neutralization were significantly higher in participants that presented with these symptoms. Antibody titers to the spike protein N-terminal domain (NTD), RBD, and ST4, and ACE2 IC50 were significantly higher in all post-vaccinated participant samples compared to pre-vaccinated participant sample, and not dependent on previously reported symptoms.
Conclusions
Spike protein antibody titers and ACE2 neutralization are associated with the presentation of anosmia and ageusia, cough, and fever after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptom response to previous SARS-CoV-2 infection did not influence the antibody response from subsequent vaccination. These results suggest a relationship between infection severity and the magnitude of the immune response and provide meaningful insights into COVID-19 immunity according to discrete symptom presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Huhn
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Josh Poorbaugh
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Beasley
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ajay Nirula
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Brothers
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sharon Welbel
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James Wilson
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sheena Gillani
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Weber
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ralph Morack
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kody Keckler
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Nückel J, Planatscher E, Mohr AW, Deichl K, Mijočević H, Feuerherd M, Wolff L, Erber J, Schneider J, Quante M, Winter C, Ruland J, Hapfelmeier A, Hammerschmidt W, Moosmann A, Protzer U, Behrends U, Mautner J. Association between IgG responses against the nucleocapsid proteins of alphacoronaviruses and COVID-19 severity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889836. [PMID: 36159804 PMCID: PMC9490404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a multiplex approach, serum IgG responses against the whole SARS-CoV-2 proteome and the nucleocapsid proteins of endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were measured in SARS-CoV-2-infected donors and healthy controls. COVID-19 severity strongly correlated with IgG responses against the nucleocapsid (N) of SARS-CoV-2 and possibly with the number of viral antigens targeted. Furthermore, a strong correlation between COVID-19 severity and serum responses against N of endemic alpha- but not betacoronaviruses was detected. This correlation was neither caused by cross-reactivity of antibodies, nor by a general boosting effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pre-existing humoral immunity. These findings raise the prospect of a potential disease progression marker for COVID-19 severity that allows for early stratification of infected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Nückel
- Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Planatscher
- Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Wiebe Mohr
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZIF Research Group “Host Control of Viral Latency and Reactivation”, Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karolin Deichl
- Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Mijočević
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München & Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München & Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Wolff
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München & Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Winter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research & Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Moosmann
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZIF Research Group “Host Control of Viral Latency and Reactivation”, Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München & Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Behrends
- Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München & Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Mautner
- Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München & Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Josef Mautner,
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Chetta M, Tarsitano M, Oro M, Rivieccio M, Bukvic N. An in silico pipeline approach uncovers a potentially intricate network involving spike SARS-CoV-2 RNA, RNA vaccines, host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and host miRNAs at the cellular level. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:129. [PMID: 36066672 PMCID: PMC9446605 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last 2 years, we have been fighting against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, which continues to claim victims all over the world. The entire scientific community has been mobilized in an attempt to stop and eradicate the infection. A well-known feature of RNA viruses is their high mutational rate, particularly in specific gene regions. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein is also affected by these changes, allowing viruses to adapt and spread more easily. The vaccines developed using mRNA coding protein S undoubtedly contributed to the "fight" against the COVID-19 pandemic even though the presence of new variants in the spike protein could result in protein conformational changes, which could affect vaccine immunogenicity and thus vaccine effectiveness. RESULTS The study presents the findings of an in silico analysis using various bioinformatics tools finding conserved sequences inside SARS-CoV-2 S protein (encoding mRNA) same as in the vaccine RNA sequences that could be targeted by specific host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). According to the results an interesting scenario emerges involving host RBPs competition and subtraction. The presence of viral RNA in cytoplasm could be a new tool in the virus's armory, allowing it to improve its chances of survival by altering cell gene expression and thus interfering with host cell processes. In silico analysis was used also to evaluate the presence of similar human miRNA sequences within RBPs motifs that can modulate human RNA expression. Increased cytoplasmic availability of exogenous RNA fragments derived from RNA physiological degradation could potentially mimic the effect of host human miRNAs within the cell, causing modulation of the host cell network. CONCLUSIONS Our in silico analysis could aid in shedding light on the potential effects of exogenous RNA (i.e. viruses and vaccines), thereby improving our understanding of the cellular interactions between virus and host biomolecules. Finally, using the computational approach, it is possible to obtain a safety assessment of RNA-based vaccines as well as indications for use in specific clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Chetta
- AORN A. Cardarelli-Dipartimento delle Tecnologie Avanzate Diagnostico-Terapeutiche e dei Servizi sanitari-U.O.C. Genetica Medica e di Laboratorio, Via A. Cardarelli 9, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Marina Tarsitano
- AORN A. Cardarelli-Dipartimento delle Tecnologie Avanzate Diagnostico-Terapeutiche e dei Servizi sanitari-U.O.C. Genetica Medica e di Laboratorio, Via A. Cardarelli 9, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Oro
- AORN A. Cardarelli-Dipartimento delle Tecnologie Avanzate Diagnostico-Terapeutiche e dei Servizi sanitari-U.O.C. Genetica Medica e di Laboratorio, Via A. Cardarelli 9, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Rivieccio
- AORN A. Cardarelli-Dipartimento delle Tecnologie Avanzate Diagnostico-Terapeutiche e dei Servizi sanitari-U.O.C. Genetica Medica e di Laboratorio, Via A. Cardarelli 9, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nenad Bukvic
- AOUC "Policlinico di Bari"-UOC Lab. di Genetica Medica, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhuo R, Charlton C, Plitt S, Thompson LA, Braun S, Day J, Osiowy C, Tipples G, Kanji JN. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody quantitative titer reporting using the World Health Organization International Standard Units by four commercial assays. J Clin Virol 2022; 156:105292. [PMID: 36108404 PMCID: PMC9444336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The accurate measurement of serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is needed to correlate responses with effective protective immunity. The World Health Organization (WHO) has created an international standard to allow harmonization of immune response assessment to an arbitrary unit across different commercial assays; however, the accuracy of reporting of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers in international standard units (BAU or IU/mL) from commercial assays is not well studied. Here, we report the performance comparison of four quantitative commercial assays testing for SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobins using the WHO's international standard. Sera, EDTA-plasma and heparinized plasma collected from individuals who are vaccine naïve or received BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) were tested using Abbott Architect AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II, DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG, Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and GenScript cPass SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization assays. The sensitivities ranged from 90% to 100%, and specificities from 88% to 100%. These four assays had excellent agreement (0.79–0.93) and correlation (0.87–0.97); however, Passing-Bablok regression analysis indicated that data generated by these assays were not comparable. Our data suggests that natural SARS-CoV-2 infection elicited a greater antibody response compared to vaccines, evident by a significantly higher neutralizing antibody titer in unvaccinated individuals who seroconverted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhuo
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Carmen Charlton
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabrina Plitt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Alexa Thompson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheila Braun
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Day
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carla Osiowy
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Graham Tipples
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jamil N Kanji
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Section of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Castrejón-Jiménez NS, García-Pérez BE, Reyes-Rodríguez NE, Vega-Sánchez V, Martínez-Juárez VM, Hernández-González JC. Challenges in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2: Evolution of the Lateral Flow Immunoassay as a Valuable Tool for Viral Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090728. [PMID: 36140114 PMCID: PMC9496238 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging infectious disease of zoonotic origin that caused the coronavirus disease in late 2019 and triggered a pandemic that has severely affected human health and caused millions of deaths. Early and massive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is the key to preventing the spread of the virus and controlling the outbreak. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) are the simplest biosensors. These devices are clinical diagnostic tools that can detect various analytes, including viruses and antibodies, with high sensitivity and specificity. This review summarizes the advantages, limitations, and evolution of LFIA during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the challenges of improving these diagnostic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayeli Shantal Castrejón-Jiménez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
| | - Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, México City 11340, Mexico
| | - Nydia Edith Reyes-Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
| | - Vicente Vega-Sánchez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Martínez-Juárez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández-González
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-775-756-0308
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Chu C, Schönbrunn A, Klemm K, von Baehr V, Krämer BK, Elitok S, Hocher B. Impact of hypertension on long-term humoral and cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915001. [PMID: 36119050 PMCID: PMC9478933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It was shown that hypertension delays SARS CoV-2 viral clearance and exacerbates airway hyperinflammation in the respiratory tract. However, it is unknown whether hypertension determines the long-term cellular and humoral response to SARS Cov2. Health care workers (HCWs) after an outbreak of SARS Cov-2 infections were analyzed. Infected HCWs were not vaccinated before blood collection. 5-14 months (median 7 months) after detection of SARS CoV-2 infection, blood was taken to analyze humoral response (S1 IgG and SARS CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies) and cellular (T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 with Lymphocyte Transformation Test). To identify clinical factors that determine the immune response, a multivariate regression analysis was done considering age, BMI, sex, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, COPD, asthma and time between PCR positivity and blood collection as confounding factors. Infected hypertensive HCWs more often needed to be hospitalized than non-hypertensive HCWs, but were less likely to develop anosmia and myalgia. The long-term humoral and cellular immune response was significantly strengthened in hypertensive versus normotensive infected HCWs. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that hypertension was independently associated with the humoral response to SARS CoV-2 infection. Multivariate regression analysis using same confounding factors for the humoral response showed a clear trend for an association with the cellular response to SARS CoV-2 infection as well. In conclusion, SARS CoV-2 infection strengthened immune response to SARS CoV-2 infection in hypertensive HCWs independent of other risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Schönbrunn
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics (IMD) Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Klemm
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Volker von Baehr
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics (IMD) Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Saban Elitok
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Berthold Hocher, ; Saban Elitok,
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics (IMD) Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust Investment Corporation (CITIC)-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Berthold Hocher, ; Saban Elitok,
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Takahashi M, Ai T, Sinozuka K, Baba Y, Igawa G, Nojiri S, Yamamoto T, Yuri M, Takei S, Saito K, Horiuchi Y, Kanno T, Tobiume M, Khasawneh A, Paran FJ, Hiki M, Wakita M, Miida T, Suzuki T, Okuzawa A, Takahashi K, Naito T, Tabe Y. Activation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody is slower than elevation of spike-specific IgG, IgM, and nucleocapsid-specific IgG antibodies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14909. [PMID: 36050347 PMCID: PMC9436163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 antibody testing has been developed to investigate humoral immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. To assess the serological dynamics and neutralizing potency following SARS-CoV-2 infection, we investigated the neutralizing (NT) antibody, anti-spike, and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies responses using a total of 168 samples obtained from 68 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Antibodies were measured using an authentic virus neutralization assay, the high-throughput laboratory measurements of the Abbott Alinity quantitative anti-spike receptor-binding domain IgG (S-IgG), semiquantitative anti-spike IgM (S-IgM), and anti-nucleocapsid IgG (N-IgG) assays. The quantitative measurement of S-IgG antibodies was well correlated with the neutralizing activity detected by the neutralization assay (r = 0.8943, p < 0.0001). However, the kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 NT antibody in severe cases were slower than that of anti-S and anti-N specific antibodies. These findings indicate a limitation of using the S-IgG antibody titer, detected by the chemiluminescent immunoassay, as a direct quantitative marker of neutralizing activity capacity. Antibody testing should be carefully interpreted when utilized as a marker for serological responses to facilitate diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maika Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Konomi Sinozuka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuna Baba
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gene Igawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Yuri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Takei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaori Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuki Horiuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanno
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tobiume
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abdullah Khasawneh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Faith Jessica Paran
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Wakita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okuzawa
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Bonifacio MA, Laterza R, Vinella A, Schirinzi A, Defilippis M, Di Serio F, Ostuni A, Fasanella A, Mariggiò MA. Correlation between In Vitro Neutralization Assay and Serological Tests for Protective Antibodies Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179566. [PMID: 36076960 PMCID: PMC9455156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological assays are useful in investigating the development of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the context of epidemiological studies focusing on the spread of protective immunity. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is the gold standard method to assess the titer of protective antibodies in serum samples. However, to provide a result, the PRNT requires several days, skilled operators, and biosafety level 3 laboratories. Therefore, alternative methods are being assessed to establish a relationship between their outcomes and PRNT results. In this work, four different immunoassays (Roche Elecsys® Anti SARS-CoV-2 S, Snibe MAGLUMI® SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG, Snibe MAGLUMI® 2019-nCoV IgG, and EUROIMMUN® SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA assays, respectively) have been performed on individuals healed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The correlation between each assay and the reference method has been explored through linear regression modeling, as well as through the calculation of Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients. Furthermore, the ability of serological tests to discriminate samples with high titers of neutralizing antibodies (>160) has been assessed by ROC curve analyses, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and positive predictive agreement. The EUROIMMUN® NeutraLISA assay displayed the best correlation with PRNT results (Pearson and Spearman coefficients equal to 0.660 and 0.784, respectively), as well as the ROC curve with the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity (0.857, 0.889, and 0.829, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Addolorata Bonifacio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Laterza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Vinella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Schirinzi
- Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Defilippis
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Serio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Ostuni
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Fasanella
- Istituto Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Torres-Ruiz J, Lomelín-Gascón J, Vargas-Castro AS, Lira-Luna J, Pérez-Fragoso A, Tapia-Conyer R, Nuñez-Aguirre M, Alcalá-Carmona B, Absalón-Aguilar A, Maravillas-Montero JL, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Núñez-Álvarez C, Rull-Gabayet M, Llorente L, Romero-Ramírez S, Sosa-Hernández VA, Cervantes-Díaz R, Juárez-Vega G, Meza-Sánchez DE, Martínez-Juárez LA, Morales-Juárez L, López-López LN, Negrete-Trujillo JA, Falcón-Lezama JA, Valdez-Vázquez RR, Gallardo-Rincón H, Gómez-Martín D. Clinical and immunological features associated to the development of a sustained immune humoral response in COVID-19 patients: Results from a cohort study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943563. [PMID: 36045688 PMCID: PMC9421299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Until now, most of the research addressing long-term humoral responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had only evaluated the serum titers of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgGs, without the assessment of the baseline antiviral clinical and immune profile, which is the aim of this study and may be the key factor leading to a broad and sustained antibody response. Methods We included 103 patients with COVID-19. When the patients sought medical attention (baseline), a blood sample was drawn to perform immunophenotype of lymphocytes by flow cytometry. The patients were assessed 15 days after baseline and then every month until the third month, followed by a last visit 6 months after recruitment. We evaluated the anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG at all time points, and the serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, anti-cellular (AC) antibodies and neutrophil extracellular traps were also assessed during the follow-up. The primary outcome of the study was the presence of a sustained immune humoral response, defined as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer >4.99 arbitrary units/mL in at least two consecutive measures. We used generalized lineal models to assess the features associated with this outcome and to assess the effect of the changes in the cytokines and chemokines throughout time on the development of a sustained humoral immune response. Results At baseline the features associated to a sustained immune humoral response were the diagnosis of critical disease, absolute number of lymphocytes, serum IP-10, IL-4, IL-2, regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, and positive AC antibodies. Critical illness and the positivity of AC antibodies were associated with a sustained humoral immune response after 3 months, whilst critical illness and serum IL-13 were the explanatory variables after 6 months. Conclusion A sustained immune humoral response is strongly related to critical COVID-19, which is characterized by the presence of AC antibodies, quantitative abnormalities in the T cell compartment, and the serum cytokines and chemokines during acute infection and throughout time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiram Torres-Ruiz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Sofía Vargas-Castro
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaquelin Lira-Luna
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Pérez-Fragoso
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica 1, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- Operative Solutions, Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miroslava Nuñez-Aguirre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica 1, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica 1, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abdiel Absalón-Aguilar
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Internal Medicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Raquel Mejía-Domínguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Núñez-Álvarez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marina Rull-Gabayet
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Llorente
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Ramírez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor Andrés Sosa-Hernández
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Cervantes-Díaz
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Eduardo Meza-Sánchez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Martínez-Juárez
- Operative Solutions, Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Morales-Juárez
- Operative Solutions, Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Temporary COVID-19 Hospital, Hipódromo de las Américas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jorge Abelardo Falcón-Lezama
- Operative Solutions, Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Division of Health Sciences, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Gallardo-Rincón
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Diana Gómez-Martín, ; Héctor Gallardo-Rincón,
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Diana Gómez-Martín, ; Héctor Gallardo-Rincón,
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Mahdiabadi S, Rajabi F, Tavakolpour S, Rezaei N. Immunological aspects of COVID-19 related skin manifestations: revisiting pathogenic mechanism in the light of new evidence. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15758. [PMID: 35945107 PMCID: PMC9537898 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), induced by a novel strain of the coronavirus family, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is a rapidly spreading global threat. This virus affects a fair number of tissues in the human body by availing itself of potential target receptors like Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Presenting with diverse clinical manifestations, COVID‐19 has raised the urge for extensive research in different medical fields, including dermatology. Developing a comprehensive knowledge of cutaneous manifestations is highly important as it can help us in early diagnosis and better management of the ongoing pandemic. The dermatological presentations of COVID‐19 are classified into main categories of vascular and non‐vascular (exanthematous) patterns. Though not yet fully confirmed, the pathogenesis of these cutaneous presentations has been suggested to be more related to the overactivation of the immune system. In this review, we discuss in detail the clinical features of the diverse skin lesions in COVID‐19 patients and the imperative role of the immune system in their pathogenesis and development. Furthermore, we will discuss the reasons behind the accentuation of skin lesions in COVID‐19 compared to the same virus family predecessors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mahdiabadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Network of Dermatology Research (NDR), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Rajabi
- Network of Dermatology Research (NDR), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Tavakolpour
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Cheng CH, Peng YC, Lin SM, Yatsuda H, Liu SH, Liu SJ, Kuo CY, Wang RYL. Measurements of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels after Vaccination Using a SH-SAW Biosensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:599. [PMID: 36004995 PMCID: PMC9405803 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the COVID-19 pandemic that threatens human health, vaccination has become a useful and necessary tool in the response to the pandemic. The vaccine not only induces antibodies in the body, but may also cause adverse effects such as fatigue, muscle pain, blood clots, and myocarditis, especially in patients with chronic disease. To reduce unnecessary vaccinations, it is becoming increasingly important to monitor the amount of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibodies prior to vaccination. A novel SH-SAW biosensor, coated with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, can help quantify the amount of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibodies with 5 μL of finger blood within 40 s. The LoD of the spike-protein-coated SAW biosensor was determined to be 41.91 BAU/mL, and the cut-off point was determined to be 50 BAU/mL (Youden’s J statistic = 0.94733). By using the SH-SAW biosensor, we found that the total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibody concentrations spiked 10−14 days after the first vaccination (p = 0.0002) and 7−9 days after the second vaccination (p = 0.0116). Furthermore, mRNA vaccines, such as Moderna or BNT, could achieve higher concentrations of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibodies compared with adenovirus vaccine, AZ (p < 0.0001). SH-SAW sensors in vitro diagnostic systems are a simple and powerful technology to investigate the local prevalence of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Chi Peng
- Tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324403, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Industry Master and Ph.D. Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Min Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hiromi Yatsuda
- Tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324403, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Heng Liu
- Tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324403, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yen Kuo
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial and Children’s Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
| | - Robert Y. L. Wang
- Biotechnology Industry Master and Ph.D. Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial and Children’s Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Rebholz H, Braun RJ, Saha T, Harzer O, Schneider M, Ladage D. Longitudinal monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibody responses in Lower Austria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271382. [PMID: 35895668 PMCID: PMC9328535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lower Austrian Wachau region was an early COVID-19 hotspot of infection. As previously reported, in June 2020, after the first peak of infections, we determined that 8.5% and 9.0% of the participants in Weißenkirchen and surrounding communities in the Wachau region were positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Here, we present novel data obtained eight months later (February 2021) from Weißenkirchen, after the second peak of infection, with 25.0% (138/552) and 23.6% (130/552) of participants that are positive for IgG and IgA, respectively. In participants with previous IgG/IgA positivity (June 2020), we observed a 24% reduction in IgG levels, whereas the IgA levels remained stable in February 2021. This subgroup was further analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 induced T cell activities. Although 76% (34/45) and 76% (34/45) of IgG positive and IgA positive participants, respectively, showed specific T cell activities (upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-derived peptides), those were not significantly correlated with the levels of IgG or IgA. Thus, the analyses of antibodies cannot surrogate the measurement of T cell activities. For a comprehensive view on SARS-CoV-2-triggered immune responses, the measurement of different classes of antibodies should be complemented with the determination of T cell activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Rebholz
- Research Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Biosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Ralf J. Braun
- Research Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Biosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- * E-mail: (RJB); (DL)
| | - Titas Saha
- Department of Scientific Coordination and Management, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Oliver Harzer
- Center for Biosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- Bioscientia, Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Schneider
- Department of Scientific Coordination and Management, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Dennis Ladage
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Maria Hilf Hospital, Mönchengladbach, Germany
- * E-mail: (RJB); (DL)
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Wang T, Xu L, Zhu B, Wang J, Zheng X. Immune escape mechanisms of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937684. [PMID: 35967309 PMCID: PMC9366518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), poses a serious threat to global public health, with high fatalities and an increasing prevalence. As effective therapies and prevention strategies are limited, there is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis of SFTS. SFTSV has evolved several mechanisms to escape from host immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms through which SFTSV escapes host immune responses, including the inhibition of innate immunity and evasion of adaptive immunity. Understanding the pathogenesis of SFTS will aid in the development of new strategies for the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhong Wang, ; Xin Zheng,
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhong Wang, ; Xin Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Piotrowska M, Zieliński M, Tylicki L, Biedunkiewicz B, Kubanek A, Ślizień Z, Polewska K, Tylicki P, Muchlado M, Sakowska J, Renke M, Sudoł A, Dąbrowska M, Lichodziejewska-Niemierko M, Smiatacz T, Dębska-Ślizień A, Trzonkowski P. Local and Systemic Immunity Are Impaired in End-Stage-Renal-Disease Patients Treated With Hemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Recipients Immunized With BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:832924. [PMID: 35935974 PMCID: PMC9354587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on replacement therapy and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is particularly important due to the high mortality rate. Here, we tested the local and systemic immunity to the novel Pfizer BioNTech (BNT162b2) messenger RNA (mRNA) in ESRD, KTR patients, and healthy individuals (150 subjects). The ESRD group was divided into: hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). We investigated the local and systemic immunity based on anti-N (nucleoprotein) and anti-S (spike1/2) Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, respectively. Additionally, we performed an Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release test Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) to monitor the cellular component of vaccine response. The control group had the highest level of anti-S IgG antibodies (153/2,080 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml) among all analyzed patients after the 1st and 2nd dose, respectively. The HD group (48/926 BAU/ml) had a diminished antibody level compared to PD (93/1,607 BAU/ml). Moreover, the seroconversion rate after the 1st dose was lower in HD than PD (56% vs. 86%). KTRs had extremely low seroconversion (33%). IgA-mediated immunity was the most effective in the control group, while other patients had diminished IgA production. We observed a lower percentage of vaccine responders based on the IFN-γ level in all research participants (100% vs. 85% in control, 100% vs. 80% in PD, 97% vs. 64% in HD). 63% of seropositive KTRs had a positive IGRA, while 28% of seronegative patients produced IFN-γ. Collectively, PD patients had the strongest response among ESRD patients. Two doses of the Pfizer vaccine are ineffective, especially in HD and KTRs. A closer investigation of ESRD and KTRs is required to set the COVID-19 vaccine clinical guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Zieliński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Leszek Tylicki
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bogdan Biedunkiewicz
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Kubanek
- Department of Occupational, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Polewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Tylicki
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Muchlado
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Sakowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Renke
- Department of Occupational, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Sudoł
- Clinical Laboratory, University Clinical Centre, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Monika Lichodziejewska-Niemierko
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Smiatacz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Piotr Trzonkowski,
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Puerta-Guardo H, Parra-Cardeña M, Peña-Miranda F, Flores-Quintal F, Granja-Pérez P, Villanueva-Jorge S, González-Losa R, Conde-Ferraez L, Gómez-Carballo J, Vazquez-Prokopec G, Earnest JT, Manrique-Saide P, Ayora-Talavera G. Human IgG antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral antigens receptor-binding domain, spike, and nucleocapsid, in vaccinated adults from Merida, Mexico. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916241. [PMID: 35935758 PMCID: PMC9354829 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been approved for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Antibody response is essential to understand the immune response to different viral targets after vaccination with different vaccine platforms. Thus, the main aim of this study was to describe how vaccination with two distinct SARS-CoV-2 vaccine preparations elicit IgG antibody specific responses against two antigenically relevant SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins: the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the full-length spike (S). To do so, SARS-CoV-2 protein specific in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were standardized and tested against serum samples collected from 89 adults, recipients of either a single-dose of the Spike-encoding mRNA-based Pfizer/BioNTech (Pf-BNT) (70%, 62/89) or the Spike-encoding-Adenovirus-5-based CanSino Biologics Inc. (CSBIO) (30%, 27/89) in Merida, Mexico. Overall, we identified an IgG seroconversion rate of 88% (68/78) in all vaccinees after more than 25 days post-vaccination (dpv). Anti-RBD IgG-specific responses ranged from 90% (46/51) in the Pf-BNT vaccine at 25 dpv to 74% (20/27) in the CSBIO vaccine at 42 dpv. Compared to the S, the RBD IgG reactivity was significantly higher in both Pf-BNT (p < 0.004) and CSBIO (p < 0.003) vaccinees. Interestingly, in more than 50% of vaccine recipients, with no history of COVID-19 infection, antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) protein were detected. Thus, participants were grouped either as naïve or pre-exposed vaccinees. Seroconversion rates after 25 and more dpv varies between 100% in Pf-BNT (22/22) and 75% (9/12) in CSBIO pre-exposed vaccinees, and 89% (26/29) and 73% (11/15) in Pf-BNT and CSBIO naïve vaccine recipients, respectively. In summary, observed seroconversion rates varied depending on the type of vaccine, previous infection with SARS-CoV-2, and the target viral antigen. Our results indicate that both vaccine preparations can induce detectable levels of IgG against the RBD or Spike in both naïve and SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposed vaccinees. Our study provides valuable and novel information about the serodiagnosis and the antibody response to vaccines in Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Manuel Parra-Cardeña
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pilar Granja-Pérez
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública, Servicios de Salud de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Refugio González-Losa
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Laura Conde-Ferraez
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Jesus Gómez-Carballo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - James T. Earnest
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Fakhraei R, Erwin E, Alibhai KM, Murphy MSQ, Dingwall-Harvey ALJ, White RR, Dimanlig-Cruz S, LaRose R, Grattan K, Jia JJ, Liu G, Arnold C, Galipeau Y, Shir-Mohammadi K, Alton GD, Dy J, Walker MC, Fell DB, Langlois MA, El-Chaâr D. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among obstetric patients in Ottawa, Canada: a descriptive study. CMAJ Open 2022; 10:E643-E651. [PMID: 35820683 PMCID: PMC9328441 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obstetric settings in Canada, beyond the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (February to June 2020). We sought to describe the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant people admitted to triage units at a tertiary care hospital in Ottawa, Canada. METHODS We conducted a descriptive study of pregnant people admitted to obstetric triage assessment units at The Ottawa Hospital between Oct. 19 and Nov. 27, 2020 (second local wave of the COVID-19 pandemic). Participants underwent SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (via naso- or oropharyngeal swabs) and serology testing upon admission. We excluded individuals younger than 18 years, those who did not speak English or French, those who enrolled in conflicting studies, those admitted for pregnancy termination and those triaged between 11:31 pm and 7:29 am. Swab and serology samples were analyzed using digital droplet PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. We defined SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity as a positive result for immunoglobulin (Ig) G, either alone or in combination with IgM or IgA. RESULTS Of the 632 eligible patients, 363 (57.4%) consented to participation and 362 collectively provided 284 swab and 352 blood samples eligible for analysis. Common reasons for declining participation included feeling overwhelmed or anxious, being worried about repercussions of testing, pain or discomfort with testing or disinterest in research. Participants were mostly multiparous (53.9%) and in their third trimester upon admission (88.4%). In all, 18 (4.9%) participants had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure; 2 (0.7%) of 284 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR and 16 (4.5%) of 352 were positive for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. INTERPRETATION During the second local wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection among obstetric patients in Ottawa was 0.7% and seroprevalence was 4.5%. Our low participation rate highlights the need for improvements in patient education and public health messaging on the benefits of SARS-CoV-2 testing programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Fakhraei
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Erica Erwin
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Kameela M Alibhai
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Malia S Q Murphy
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Alysha L J Dingwall-Harvey
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Ruth Rennicks White
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Sheryll Dimanlig-Cruz
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Rosemary LaRose
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Kimberly Grattan
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Jian-Jun Jia
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - George Liu
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Corey Arnold
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Khatereh Shir-Mohammadi
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Gillian D Alton
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Jessica Dy
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Mark C Walker
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Deshayne B Fell
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Darine El-Chaâr
- OMNI Research Group (Fakhraei, Erwin, Alibhai, Murphy, Dingwall-Harvey, Rennicks White, Dimanlig-Cruz, LaRose, Grattan, Walker, El-Chaâr), Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Fakhraei, Walker, Fell, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute (Fakhraei, Fell); Better Outcomes Registry & Network (Erwin, Dimanlig-Cruz, Alton, Walker); Faculty of Medicine (Alibhai, El-Chaâr), University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Newborn Care (Rennicks White, Walker, El-Chaâr), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology (Jia, Liu, Arnold, Galipeau, Shir-Mohammadi, Langlois), Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dy, Walker, El-Chaâr), and International and Global Health Office (Dy, Walker), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Kabay G, DeCastro J, Altay A, Smith K, Lu HW, Capossela AM, Moarefian M, Aran K, Dincer C. Emerging Biosensing Technologies for the Diagnostics of Viral Infectious Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201085. [PMID: 35288985 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several viral infectious diseases appear limitless since the beginning of the 21st century, expanding into pandemic lengths. Thus, there are extensive efforts to provide more efficient means of diagnosis, a better understanding of acquired immunity, and improved monitoring of inflammatory biomarkers, as these are all crucial for controlling the spread of infection while aiding in vaccine development and improving patient outcomes. In this regard, various biosensors have been developed recently to streamline pathogen and immune response detection by addressing the limitations of traditional methods, including isothermal amplification-based systems and lateral flow assays. This review explores state-of-the-art biosensors for detecting viral pathogens, serological assays, and inflammatory biomarkers from the material perspective, by discussing their advantages, limitations, and further potential regarding their analytical performance, clinical utility, and point-of-care adaptability. Additionally, next-generation biosensing technologies that offer better sensitivity and selectivity, and easy handling for end-users are highlighted. An emerging example of these next-generation biosensors are those powered by novel synthetic biology tools, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas), in combination with integrated point-of-care devices. Lastly, the current challenges are discussed and a roadmap for furthering these advanced biosensing technologies to manage future pandemics is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Kabay
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces - IFG, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonalyn DeCastro
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Alara Altay
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kasey Smith
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Hsiang-Wei Lu
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | | | - Maryam Moarefian
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Kiana Aran
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
- Cardea Bio Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Nugraha J, Permatasari CA, Fitriah M, Tambunan BA, Fuadi MR. Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses post complete vaccination with coronavac: A prospective study in 50 health workers. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221104173. [PMID: 35966047 PMCID: PMC9373131 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and requires rapid action. The development of effective safe vaccines become a global priority for achieving herd immunity. Vaccination is expected to form specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein which can neutralize the virus, preventing the virus from binding with ACE 2 receptors. Objective Evaluating and to know if there any differences of kinetics antibody levels from recipient's anti-IgG S-RBD and NAb with complete second dose CoronaVac Vaccine, to determine the antibody response in preventing SARS-CoV-2. Method A prospective-cohort study using observational analytics was conducted from January-April 2021 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. A total of 50 subjects are healthcare workers who received two doses of CoronaVac. The IgG S-RBD and NAb levels were measured on Maglumi 800 device (SNIBE, China). Differences in IgG S-RBD and NAb levels before vaccination and after second dose CoronaVac vaccination on 14th day, on 28th day, ware tested using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Result Mean values of IgG S-RBD and NAb have fluctuated. There was a significant difference between IgG S-RBD and NAb levels on day-0 (0.090 vs 18.630; p < 0.001) and day-28 (141.266 vs 116.640; p = 0.037). The median value showed the IgG S-RBD level on day-28 was much better than NAb value (141,266 v 116,640). Conclusion CoronaVac will form persistent antibodies. Despite antibody development, the acquired humoral immunity decreased at 28 days after full CoronaVac immunization. Kinetics of antibody NAb decreased more rapidly than IgG S-RBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jusak Nugraha
- Department of Clinical Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya,
Indonesia
| | - Cynthia Ayu Permatasari
- Clinical Pathology Specialization
Program, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Munawaroh Fitriah
- Clinical Pathology Sub-Specialization
Program, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Betty Agustina Tambunan
- Department of Clinical Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya,
Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Robi’ul Fuadi
- Department of Clinical Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya,
Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Muecksch F, Wise H, Templeton K, Batchelor B, Squires M, McCance K, Jarvis L, Malloy K, Furrie E, Richardson C, MacGuire J, Godber I, Burns A, Mavin S, Zhang F, Schmidt F, Bieniasz PD, Jenks S, Hatziioannou T. Longitudinal variation in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and emergence of viral variants: a serological analysis. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022; 3:e493-e502. [PMID: 35636436 PMCID: PMC9141682 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological assays are being used to monitor antibody responses in individuals who had SARS-CoV-2 infection and those who received a COVID-19 vaccine. We aimed to determine whether such assays can predict neutralising antibody titres as antibody levels wane and viral variants emerge. METHODS We measured antibody levels in serum samples from a cohort of 112 participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection using ten high-throughput serological tests and functional neutralisation assays. Serum samples were taken at baseline and at up to four subsequent visits. We assessed the effects of time and spike protein sequence variation on the performance and predictive value of the various assays. We did correlation analyses for individual timepoints using non-parametric Spearman correlation, and differences between timepoints were determined by use of a two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. FINDINGS Neutralising antibody titres decreased over the first few months post-infection but stabilised thereafter, at about 30% of the level observed shortly after infection. Serological assays commonly used to measure antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 displayed a range of sensitivities that declined to varying extents over time. Quantitative measurements generated by serological assays based on the spike protein were better at predicting neutralising antibody titres than those based on nucleocapsid, but performance was variable, and manufacturer positivity thresholds were not able to predict the presence or absence of detectable neutralising activity. Although we observed some deterioration in correlation between serological measurements and functional neutralisation activity, some assays maintained an ability to predict neutralising titres, even against variants of concern. INTERPRETATION The ability of high-throughput serological assays to predict neutralising antibody titres is likely to be crucial for evaluation of immunity at the population scale. These data can facilitate the selection of the most suitable assays as surrogates of functional neutralising activity and suggest that such measurements might be useful in clinical practice. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health and National Health Service Research Scotland BioResource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Muecksch
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen Wise
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kate Templeton
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Becky Batchelor
- Department of Blood Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Squires
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kirsty McCance
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Jarvis
- SNBTS Microbiology Reference Laboratory, The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kristen Malloy
- SNBTS Microbiology Reference Laboratory, The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth Furrie
- Department of Immunology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Claire Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Monklands, NHS Lanarkshire, Airdrie, UK
| | - Jacqueline MacGuire
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital Monklands, NHS Lanarkshire, Airdrie, UK
| | - Ian Godber
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alana Burns
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sally Mavin
- Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratory, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabian Schmidt
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sara Jenks
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Abe KT, Rathod B, Colwill K, Gingras AC, Tuite A, Robbins NF, Orjuela G, Jenkins C, Conrod V, Yi QL, O’Brien SF, Drews SJ. A Qualitative Comparison of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant Assay against Commonly Used Canadian SARS-CoV-2 Enzyme Immunoassays in Blood Donor Retention Specimens, April 2020 to March 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0113422. [PMID: 35652636 PMCID: PMC9241784 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01134-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our group has previously used laboratory and commercially developed assays to understand the IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and receptor binding domain (RBD), in Canadian blood donors. In this current study, we analyzed 17,428 available and previously characterized retention samples collected from April 2020 to March 2021. The analysis compared the characteristics of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott anti-spike [S], Abbott, Chicago, IL) against four other IgG assays. The Abbott anti-S assay has a qualitative threshold of 50 AU/mL. The four comparator assays were the Abbott anti-nucleocapsid (N) assay and three commonly used Canadian in-house IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) recognizing distinct recombinant viral antigens, full-length spike glycoprotein, glycoprotein RBD, and nucleocapsid. The strongest qualitative relationship was between Sinai RBD and the Abbott anti-S assay (kappa, 0.707; standard error [SE] of kappa, 0.018; 95% confidence interval, 0.671 to 0.743). We then scored each previously characterized specimen as positive when two anti-SARS-COV-2 assays identified anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the specimen. Using this composite reference standard approach, the sensitivity of the Abbott anti-S assay was 95.96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.27 to 97.63%). The specificity of the Abbott anti-S assay was 99.35% (95% CI, 99.21 to 99.46%). Our study provides context on the use of commonly used SARS-CoV-2 serologies in Canada and identifies how these assays qualitatively compare to newer commercial assays. Our next steps are to assess how well the Abbott anti-S assays quantitatively detect wild-type and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. IMPORTANCE We describe the qualitative test characteristics of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay against four other anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays commonly used in Canada. Although there is no gold standard for identifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, aggregate standards can be used to assess seropositivity. In this study, we used a specimen bank of previously well-characterized specimens collected between April 2020 and March 2021. The Abbott anti-S assay showed the strongest qualitative relationship with a widely used laboratory-developed IgG assay for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. Using the composite reference standard approach, we also showed that the Abbott anti-S assay was highly sensitive and specific. As new anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays are developed, it is important to compare their test characteristics against other assays that have been extensively used in prior research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kento T. Abe
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Treadwell Therapeutics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Tuite
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Craig Jenkins
- COVID-19 Serological Screening Laboratory, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Conrod
- COVID-19 Serological Screening Laboratory, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi-Long Yi
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila F. O’Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J. Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Microbiology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Mitchell KF, Carlson CM, Nace D, Wakeman BS, Drobeniuc J, Niemeyer GP, Werner B, Hoffmaster AR, Satheshkumar PS, Schuh AJ, Udhayakumar V, Rogier E. Evaluation of a Multiplex Bead Assay against Single-Target Assays for Detection of IgG Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0105422. [PMID: 35647696 PMCID: PMC9241621 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01054-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies must be validated for performance with a large panel of clinical specimens. Most existing assays utilize a single antigen target and may be subject to reduced diagnostic specificity. This study evaluated a multiplex assay that detects antibodies to three SARS-CoV-2 targets. Human serum specimens (n = 323) with known previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure status were tested on a commercially available multiplex bead assay (MBA) measuring IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), nucleocapsid protein (NP), and RBD/NP fusion antigens. Assay performance was evaluated against reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) results and also compared with test results for two single-target commercial assays. The MBA had a diagnostic sensitivity of 89.8% and a specificity of 100%, with serum collection at >28 days following COVID-19 symptom onset showing the highest seropositivity rates (sensitivity: 94.7%). The MBA performed comparably to single-target assays with the ability to detect IgG against specific antigen targets, with 19 (5.9%) discrepant specimens compared to the NP IgG assay and 12 (3.7%) compared to the S1 RBD IgG assay (kappa coefficients 0.92 and 0.88 compared to NP IgG and S1 RBD IgG assays, respectively. These findings highlight inherent advantages of using a SARS-CoV-2 serological test with multiple antigen targets; specifically, the ability to detect IgG against RBD and NP antigens simultaneously. In particular, the 100.0% diagnostic specificity exhibited by the MBA in this study is important for its implementation in populations with low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence or where background antibody reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens has been detected. IMPORTANCE Reporting of SARS-CoV-2 infections through nucleic acid or antigen based diagnostic tests severely underestimates the true burden of exposure in a population. Serological data assaying for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens offers an alternative source of data to estimate population exposure, but most current immunoassays only include a single target for antibody detection. This report outlines a direct comparison of a multiplex bead assay to two other commercial single-target assays in their ability to detect IgG against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Against a well-defined panel of 323 serum specimens, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were very high for the multiplex assay, with strong agreement in IgG detection for single targets compared to the single-target assays. Collection of more data for individual- and population-level seroprofiles allows further investigation into more accurate exposure estimates and research into the determinants of infection and convalescent responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin F. Mitchell
- Laboratory Leadership Service assigned to Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christina M. Carlson
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Douglas Nace
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brian S. Wakeman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Williams Consulting, LLC, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Drobeniuc
- Laboratory Task Force, COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Glenn P. Niemeyer
- Laboratory Task Force, COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bonnie Werner
- Laboratory Task Force, COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alex R. Hoffmaster
- Laboratory Task Force, COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Amy J. Schuh
- Laboratory Task Force, COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Lin WN, Tay MZ, Wong JXE, Lee CY, Fong SW, Wang CI, Ng LFP, Renia L, Chen CH, Cheow LF. Rapid microfluidic platform for screening and enrichment of cells secreting virus neutralizing antibodies. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2578-2589. [PMID: 35694804 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00018k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As part of the body's immune response, antibodies (Abs) have the ability to neutralize pathogenic viruses to prevent infection. To screen for neutralizing Abs (nAbs) from the immune repertoire, multiple screening techniques have been developed. However, conventional methods have a trade-off between screening throughput and the ability to screen for nAbs via their functional efficacy. Although droplet microfluidic platforms have the ability to bridge this disparity, the majority of such reported platforms still rely on Ab-binding assays as a proxy for function, which results in irrelevant hits. Herein, we report the multi-module Droplet-based Platform for Effective Antibody RetrievaL (DROP-PEARL) platform, which can achieve high-throughput enrichment of Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) based on the neutralizing activity of secreted nAbs against the a target virus. In this study, in-droplet Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection of host cells and neutralization was demonstrated via sequential delivery of viruses and host cells via picoinjection. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of the sorting system to accurately discriminate and isolate uninfected droplets from a mixed population of droplets at a rate of 150 000 cells per hour. As a proof of concept, a single-cell neutralization assay was performed on two populations of cells (nAb-producing and non-Ab producing cells), and up to 2.75-fold enrichment of ASCs was demonstrated. Finally, we demonstrated that DROP-PEARL is able to achieve similar enrichment for low frequency (∼2%) functional nAb-producing cells in a background of excess cells secreting irrelevant antibodies, highlighting its potential prospect as a first round enrichment platform for functional ASCs. We envision that the DROP-PEARL platform could potentially be used to accelerate the discovery of nAbs against other pathogenic viral targets, and we believe it will be a useful in the ongoing fight against biological threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Nicholas Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Matthew Zirui Tay
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Joel Xu En Wong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Lisa Fong Poh Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lih Feng Cheow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Serology as a Tool to Assess Infectious Disease Landscapes and Guide Public Health Policy. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070732. [PMID: 35889978 PMCID: PMC9323579 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the local burden and epidemiology of infectious diseases is crucial to guide public health policy and prioritize interventions. Typically, infectious disease surveillance relies on capturing clinical cases within a healthcare system, classifying cases by etiology and enumerating cases over a period of time. Disease burden is often then extrapolated to the general population. Serology (i.e., examining serum for the presence of pathogen-specific antibodies) has long been used to inform about individuals past exposure and immunity to specific pathogens. However, it has been underutilized as a tool to evaluate the infectious disease burden landscape at the population level and guide public health decisions. In this review, we outline how serology provides a powerful tool to complement case-based surveillance for determining disease burden and epidemiology of infectious diseases, highlighting its benefits and limitations. We describe the current serology-based technologies and illustrate their use with examples from both the pre- and post- COVID-19-pandemic context. In particular, we review the challenges to and opportunities in implementing serological surveillance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which bear the brunt of the global infectious disease burden. Finally, we discuss the relevance of serology data for public health decision-making and describe scenarios in which this data could be used, either independently or in conjunction with case-based surveillance. We conclude that public health systems would greatly benefit from the inclusion of serology to supplement and strengthen existing case-based infectious disease surveillance strategies.
Collapse
|
82
|
Sripongpun P, Pinpathomrat N, Bruminhent J, Kaewdech A. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccinations in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Transplant Recipients: An Update. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:924454. [PMID: 35814781 PMCID: PMC9257133 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.924454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current global pandemic associated with an increased mortality, particularly in patients with comorbidities. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver transplant (LT) recipients are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Many liver societies have recommended that these patients should receive COVID-19 vaccinations, although there are limited studies assessing risks and benefits in this population. In addition, two doses of mRNA vaccines may not provide sufficient immune response, and booster dose(s) may be necessary, especially in LT recipients. Notably, variants of concern have recently emerged, and it remains unclear whether currently available vaccines provide adequate and durable protective immunity against these novel variants. This review focuses on the role of COVID-19 vaccinations in CLD and LT recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pimsiri Sripongpun
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nawamin Pinpathomrat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jackrapong Bruminhent
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Ramathibodi Excellence Center for Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apichat Kaewdech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Apichat Kaewdech,
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Pu Y, Weng Y, Wu Y, Gao F, Zheng X, Xiong X, Lv H, Kong Q. Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in the First Batch of COVID-19 Patients in China by a Self-Developed Rapid IgM-IgG Test. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:915751. [PMID: 35719335 PMCID: PMC9204641 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.915751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been over two years since the COVID-19 pandemic began and it is still an unprecedented global challenge. Here, we aim to characterize the antibody profile from a large batch of early COVID-19 cases in China, from January – March 2020. More than 1,000 serum samples from participants in Hubei and Zhejiang province were collected. A series of serum samples were also collected along the disease course from 70 patients in Shanghai and Chongqing for longitudinal analysis. The serologic assay (ALLtest) we developed was confirmed to have high sensitivity (92.58% - 97.55%) and high specificity (92.14% - 96.28%) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-specific antibodies. Confirmed cases found in the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HBCDC), showed a significantly (p = 0.0018) higher positive rate from the ALLtest than RNA test. Then, we further identified the disease course, age, sex, and symptoms that were correlating factors with our ALLtest results. In summary, we confirmed the high reliability of our ALLtest and its important role in COVID-19 diagnosis. The correlating factors we identified will require special attention during future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Pu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youhong Weng
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yahan Wu
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Research and Development, Hangzhou AllTest Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- Department of Research and Development, Hangzhou AllTest Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianqin Xiong
- Department of Research and Development, Hangzhou AllTest Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangjun Lv
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingming Kong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Sherwani S, Khan MWA, Mallik A, Khan M, Saleem M, Raafat M, Shati AA, Alam N. Seroprevalence of Anti-S1-RBD Antibodies in Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Subjects From Hail Region, KSA. Front Public Health 2022; 10:874741. [PMID: 35757607 PMCID: PMC9218105 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.874741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Two years into the pandemic, yet the threat of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to loom large. Sustained efforts are required to fully understand the infection in asymptomatic individuals and those with complications. Identification, containment, care, and preventative strategies rely on understanding the varied humoral immune responses. Methods An in-house ELISA was developed and standardized to screen for serum IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD protein as an antigen. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of serum antibodies against S1-RBD antigen in pre-pandemic (n = 120) and during the early pandemic period (n = 120) in subjects from the Hail region, KSA and to correlate it with clinical and demographic factors. Results Samples collected from both male (n = 60) and female (n = 60) subjects during the pandemic in the age groups of 20-40 (0.31 ± 0.029 and 0.29 ± 0.024, respectively) and 41-60 years (0.35 ± 0.026 and 0.30 ± 0.025, respectively) showed significantly higher levels of serum antibodies against S-RBD antigen than the age-matched pre-pandemic samples [male (n = 60) and female (n = 60)]. Pandemic subjects exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher inhibition (80-88%) than age-matched pre-pandemic subjects (32-39%). Antibodies against S1-RBD antigen were detected in approximately 10% of the total pre-pandemic population (males and females). However, subjects > 60 years did not show antibodies. Conclusion Antibody levels increased in samples collected during the pandemic, even though these subjects were not clinically COVID-19 positive. A small number of pre-pandemic subjects showed serum antibodies, suggesting prior exposure to other coronaviruses in the region. With dwindling neutralizing antibody levels and reduced vaccine efficacy against newer variants, it remains crucial to develop better assays for surveillance, management, and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshi Mallik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahvish Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saleem
- Department of Pathology, Sub-division of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Raafat
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Alam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Ishii-Watabe A. [What Is an Antibody Test? Characteristics of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Their Tests]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:611-618. [PMID: 35650081 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies play a major role in immune responses against viruses, which inhibit infection by binding to target viral antigen. Antibodies are induced by viral entry to the body and vaccination that artificially induces immune responses; therefore, antibody tests are used in research for infection history and evaluation of vaccine efficacy. Currently, antibody tests against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by immunochromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), or other kits used for automated analyzer are available. However, the test results should be carefully interpreted because requirements for the antibody test to obtain reliable results have not been established. Also, antibodies in human samples are heterogeneous, and their expression level changes over time. This review briefly explains the basic knowledge about antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and outlines the classification and characteristics of the antibody tests with points to consider in their use. A summary of the collaborative study that evaluated the analytical performance of antibody test kits conducted by the National Institute of Health Sciences is also introduced. Then, the issues in ensuring the reliability of antibody tests results are discussed by considering the usefulness and availability of the World Health Organization international standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Determination of IgG1 and IgG3 SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Nucleocapsid Binding-Who Is Binding Who and Why? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116050. [PMID: 35682724 PMCID: PMC9181569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of immunoglobulin (Ig) G3 in the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. The exact molecular mechanism is unknown, but it is thought to involve this IgG subtype’s differential ability to fix, complement and stimulate cytokine release. We examined the binding of convalescent patient antibodies to immobilized nucleocapsids and spike proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. IgG3 was a major immunoglobulin found in all samples. Differential analysis of the spectral signatures found for the nucleocapsid versus the spike protein demonstrated that the predominant humoral immune response to the nucleocapsid was IgG3, whilst for the spike protein it was IgG1. However, the spike protein displayed a strong affinity for IgG3 itself, as it would bind from control plasma samples, as well as from those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, similar to the way protein G binds IgG1. Furthermore, detailed spectral analysis indicated that a mass shift consistent with hyper-glycosylation or glycation was a characteristic of the IgG3 captured by the spike protein.
Collapse
|
87
|
Jacobsen H, Sitaras I, Jurgensmeyer M, Mulders MN, Goldblatt D, Feikin DR, Bar-Zeev N, Higdon MM, Knoll MD. Assessing the Reliability of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Studies That Use Post-Vaccination Sera. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060850. [PMID: 35746460 PMCID: PMC9227377 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for determining future vaccination strategies and other public health strategies. When clinical effectiveness data are unavailable, a common method of assessing vaccine performance is to utilize neutralization assays using post-vaccination sera. Neutralization studies are typically performed across a wide array of settings, populations and vaccination strategies, and using different methodologies. For any comparison and meta-analysis to be meaningful, the design and methodology of the studies used must at minimum address aspects that confer a certain degree of reliability and comparability. We identified and characterized three important categories in which studies differ (cohort details, assay details and data reporting details) and that can affect the overall reliability and/or usefulness of neutralization assay results. We define reliability as a measure of methodological accuracy, proper study setting concerning subjects, samples and viruses, and reporting quality. Each category comprises a set of several relevant key parameters. To each parameter, we assigned a possible impact (ranging from low to high) on overall study reliability depending on its potential to influence the results. We then developed a reliability assessment tool that assesses the aggregate reliability of a study across all parameters. The reliability assessment tool provides explicit selection criteria for inclusion of comparable studies in meta-analyses of neutralization activity of SARS-CoV-2 variants in post-vaccination sera and can also both guide the design of future neutralization studies and serve as a checklist for including important details on key parameters in publications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Jacobsen
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioannis Sitaras
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Marley Jurgensmeyer
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Mick N. Mulders
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.M.); (D.R.F.)
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Daniel R. Feikin
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.M.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Melissa M. Higdon
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Maria Deloria Knoll
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Soto JA, Díaz FE, Retamal-Díaz A, Gálvez NMS, Melo-González F, Piña-Iturbe A, Ramírez MA, Bohmwald K, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. BCG-Based Vaccines Elicit Antigen-Specific Adaptive and Trained Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Andes orthohantavirus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050721. [PMID: 35632475 PMCID: PMC9143576 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine mainly administered to newborns and used for over 100 years to prevent the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). This vaccine can induce immune response polarization towards a Th1 profile, which is desired for counteracting M. tb, other mycobacteria, and unrelated intracellular pathogens. The vaccine BCG has been used as a vector to express recombinant proteins and has been shown to protect against several diseases, particularly respiratory viruses. Methods: BCG was used to develop recombinant vaccines expressing either the Nucleoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 or Andes orthohantavirus. Mice were immunized with these vaccines with the aim of evaluating the safety and immunogenicity parameters. Results: Immunization with two doses of 1 × 108 CFU or one dose of 1 × 105 CFU of these BCGs was safe in mice. A statistically significant cellular immune response was induced by both formulations, characterized as the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Stimulation with unrelated antigens resulted in increased expression of activation markers by T cells and secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while increased secretion of IL-6 was found for both recombinant vaccines; all of these parameters related to a trained immunity profile. The humoral immune response elicited by both vaccines was modest, but further exposure to antigens could increase this response. Conclusions: The BCG vaccine is a promising platform for developing vaccines against different pathogens, inducing a marked antigen-specific immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 7550196, Chile
| | - Fabián E. Díaz
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Nicolás M. S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 7550196, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piña-Iturbe
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Mario A. Ramírez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-2-686-2842
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Nandakumar V, Profaizer T, Lozier BK, Elgort MG, Rychert J, Slev PR, Delgado JC. Evaluation of a Novel Multiplex Platform for Simultaneous Detection of IgG Antibodies Against the 4 Main SARS-CoV-2 Antigens. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:698-710. [PMID: 34741514 PMCID: PMC8767881 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous serology assays are available for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies but are limited in that only 1 or 2 target antigen(s) can be tested at a time. Here, we describe a novel multiplex assay that simultaneously detects and quantifies IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), receptor-binding domain (RBD), and N-terminal domain (NTD) in a single well. METHODS Sensitivity was determined using samples (n = 124) from confirmed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals. Prepandemic (n = 100) and non-COVID respiratory infection positive samples (n = 100) were used to evaluate specificity. Samples were analyzed using COVID-19 IgG multiplex serology assay from Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) and using commercial platforms from Abbott, EUROIMMUN, and Siemens. RESULTS At >14 days post-PCR, MSD assay displayed >98.0% sensitivity [S 100% (95% CI 98.0%-100.0%); N 98.0% (95% CI 97.2%-98.9%); RBD 94.1% (95% CI 92.6%-95.6%); NTD 98.0% (95% CI, 97.2%-98.9%)] and 99% specificity (95% CI 99.3%-99.7%) for antibodies to all 4 antigens. Parallel assessment of antibodies to more than 1 antigen improved the sensitivity to 100% (95% CI 98.0%-100.0%) while maintaining 98% (95% CI 97.6%-98.4%) specificity regardless of the combinations used. When AU/mL concentrations of IgG antibodies from the MSD assay were compared against the corresponding IgG signals acquired from the single target commercial assays, the following correlations were observed: Abbott (vs MSD N, R2 = 0.73), Siemens (vs MSD RBD, R2 = 0.92), and EUROIMMUN (vs MSD S, R2 = 0.82). CONCLUSION MSD assay offers an accurate and a comprehensive assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with higher sensitivity and equivalent specificity compared to the commercial IgG serology assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Nandakumar
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tracie Profaizer
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bucky K Lozier
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marc G Elgort
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jenna Rychert
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Patricia R Slev
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Julio C Delgado
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Fonseca MHG, Silva MFS, Pinto ACMD, Melo ACLD, Oliveira FDCED, Araújo FMDC, Andrade LOMD. Persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM during one-year follow-up. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4037-4039. [PMID: 35505640 PMCID: PMC9347587 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
IgM antibodies typically appear in the early stage of infection and have a short maintenance time, so IgM is frequently used as a diagnostic criterion for acute or recent disease [1]. However, unconventional IgM specific responses have been described in SARS-COV-2 infection, raising doubts about the use of IgM as a biomarker for COVID-19 and the role of this antibody in immunity to SARS-CoV-2 [1,2]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
|
91
|
Gumanova NG, Gorshkov AU, Bogdanova NL, Korolev AI, Drapkina OM. Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-Specific Antibodies Prior to and during the Pandemic in 2011–2021 and COVID-19 Observational Study in 2019–2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040581. [PMID: 35455330 PMCID: PMC9032149 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Longitudinal surveys to monitor the seroprevalence are required to support efforts for assessment of the levels of endemic stability in certain countries. We investigated seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibodies in the serum samples in 2011–2021, including a cohort study of 2019–2021, to evaluate the vaccination and anti-IgG-SARS-CoV-2–S1 RBD-positive statuses to assess the resistance and severity of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-specific antibodies were assayed in the serum samples (N = 565) randomly selected from various cohorts previously recruited from 2011 to 2021 from the city of Moscow and Moscow Region. Among them there were the participants (N = 310) recruited in 2019–2021 with an endpoint of 30 October 2021 when these participants were interviewed over phone with relevant questionnaire. Results: Obtained data indicated a percentage of 3–6% of SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-specific antibodies detected in participants recruited in 2011–2019. The percentage of SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-specific antibodies was increased to 16.5% in 2020 and to 46% in 2021. The vaccination rate of 238 respondents of this cohort was 58% from August 2020 to October 2021. In total, 12% of respondents were hospitalized. The morbidity rate in the subgroup of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-positive respondents was 5.4-fold higher than that in the subgroup of vaccinated respondents. Conclusions: A small percentage of SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-specific antibodies detected in 2011–2019 indicated possible spreading of coronaviruses during the pre-pandemic period. Collective immunity in Moscow and the Moscow region was able to reach 69% from August 2020 to October 2021 if this rate is added to the rate of not vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-S1 RBD-positive subjects.
Collapse
|
92
|
Jiang M, Dong T, Han C, Liu L, Zhang T, Kang Q, Wang P, Zhou F. Regenerable and high-throughput surface plasmon resonance assay for rapid screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in serum samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339830. [PMID: 35525598 PMCID: PMC9006689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
93
|
Abstract
COVID-19 has challenged primary care clinicians to rapidly learn new information and adapt clinical practice in response to the continuous evolution of prevention, diagnosis, and management measures. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccination for age-eligible children has afforded increased opportunities for disease prevention, and the pandemic has highlighted the need for primary care clinicians to serve as advocates for their young patients and their communities.
Collapse
|
94
|
Rhim JW, Kang JH, Lee KY. Etiological and pathophysiological enigmas of severe coronavirus disease 2019, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:153-166. [PMID: 34809418 PMCID: PMC8990954 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been reported worldwide since the first cases were reported in Europe in April 2020. MIS-C is temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and shows Kawasaki disease (KD)-like features. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics in COVID-19, KD, and MIS-C differ, but severe cases of each disease share similar clinical and laboratory findings such as a protracted clinical course, multiorgan involvement, and similar activated biomarkers. These findings suggest that a common control system of the host may act against severe disease insult. To solve the enigmas, we proposed the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis in that every disease involves etiological substances and the host's immune system controls them by their size and biochemical properties. Also, it is proposed that the etiological agents of KD and MIS-C might be certain strains in the microbiota of human species and etiological substances in severe COVID-19, KD, and MIS-C originate from pathogen-infected cells. Since disease severity depends on the amounts of inflammation-inducing substances and corresponding immune activation in the early stage of the disease, an early proper dose of corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may help reduce morbidity and possibly mortality among patients with these diseases. Corticosteroids are low cost and an analogue of host-origin cortisol among immune modulators. This study's findings will help clinicians treating severe COVID-19, KD, and MIS-C, especially in developing countries, where IVIG and biologics supplies are insufficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Rhim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Han Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Yil Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Junglock Biomedical Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination in Health Care Workers of a Large Tertiary Hospital in Spain by Using a Rapid Test LFIC and sVNT-ELISA. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040510. [PMID: 35455259 PMCID: PMC9032347 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 represent a surrogate marker of immunologic protection in populations at high risk of infection such as healthcare workers caring for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. As recommended by CDC and the European CDC, the use of rapid diagnostic tests during population-based evaluations offers an opportunity to identify individuals with serologic evidence of natural infection or who have undergone vaccination. We carried out a cross-sectional study to assess the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among medical providers at an intensive care unit of a large referral hospital in Alicante, Spain. In addition, we tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies compared to serum of uninfected individuals from a Biobank. We were also interested in evaluating the use of a rapid lateral flow immunochromatography (LFIC) test against a surrogate ELISA viral neutralization test (sVNT). This rapid test demonstrated a specificity of 1.000 95% CI (0.91–1.00) and the sensitivity of 0.987 95% CI (0.93–1.00). The negative predictive value was 95%. After six months, this rapid test demonstrated that those immunized with two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine, maintained optimal levels of neutralizing antibodies. We concluded that all Health Care Workers develop NAbs and the use of this rapid immunochromatographic test represents a potential tool to be used in population-based studies to detect serological antibody responses to vaccination. Vaccination policies could benefit from this tool to assess additional doses of vaccine or boosters among high-risk populations.
Collapse
|
96
|
Nair D, Raju R, Roy S, Dandge S, Chethrapilly Purushothaman GK, Jayaraman Y, Kangusamy B, Shrivastava R, Arora NK, Rose W, Juvekar S, Jammy GR, Singh K, Mehendale S, Rajkumar P, Malik ST. Sero-Surveillance to Monitor the Trend of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Transmission in India: Study Protocol for a Multi Site, Community Based Longitudinal Cohort Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:810353. [PMID: 35400044 PMCID: PMC8987192 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.810353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Large-scale sero-prevalence studies with representation from all age groups are required to estimate the true burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the community. Serial serological surveys in fixed cohorts enable study of dynamics of viral transmission and correlates of immune response over time in the context of gradual introduction of COVID-19 vaccines and repeated upsurge of cases during the pandemic. Methods This longitudinal study will involve follow-up of a cohort of 25,000 individuals (5,000 per site) aged 2 years and above recruited from five existing demographic surveillance sites in India. The cohort will be tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against S1/S2 spike protein subunits of SARS-CoV-2 in four rounds; once at baseline and subsequently, at intervals of 4 months for a year between January 2021 and January 2022. Neutralization assays will be carried out in a subset of seropositive samples in each round to quantify the antibody response and to estimate the durability of antibody response. Serial serological surveys will be complemented by fortnightly phone based syndromic surveillance to assess the burden of symptomatic acute febrile illness/ influenza like illness in the same cohort. A bio-repository will also be established to store the serum samples collected in all rounds of serological surveys. Discussion The population based sero-epidemiological studies will help to determine the burden of COVID-19 at the community level in urban and rural Indian populations and guide in monitoring the trends in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Risk factors for infection will be identified to inform future control strategies. The serial serological surveys in the same set of participants will help determine the viral transmission dynamics and durability of neutralizing immune response in participants with or without symptomatic COVID infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Nair
- Department of Research, The International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Reshma Raju
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Dandge
- Society for Health Allied Research and Education India, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Yuvaraj Jayaraman
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Boopathi Kangusamy
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council, New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Arora
- Department of Research, The International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Winsley Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sanjay Juvekar
- Vadu Rural Health Program, King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital Research Center, Pune, India
| | - Guru Rajesh Jammy
- Society for Health Allied Research and Education India, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Mehendale
- Parmanand Deepchand (PD) Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Prabu Rajkumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Recurrence of Asymptomatic COVID-19 after Recovery among Healthcare Workers. Case Rep Infect Dis 2022; 2022:8787867. [PMID: 35313465 PMCID: PMC8933653 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8787867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe five healthcare workers (HCWs) with a recurrence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection at Siloam Teaching Hospital, Indonesia. All cases involved nurses, with an average age of 27 years. The RT-PCR assay confirmed the first and second infection episodes. All cases showed negative RT-PCR results in the period between two infection episodes. The median interval time between two infection episodes was 123 days, ranging from 92 to 158 days. The clinical outcomes for all cases were favourable, with no mortality observed among study cases. Further studies will be required to understand the true nature of this phenomenon.
Collapse
|
98
|
Gong X, Cui P, Wu H, Pan H, Teng Z, Yuan F, Mao S, Kong D, Han R, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Xiao W, Zhu Y, Fang Q, Lin S, Jin B, Chu R, Jiang C, Yu X, Qiu Q, Lu Y, Wang W, Fu C, Sun X. Long-term immune responses in patients with confirmed novel coronavirus disease-2019: a 9-month prospective cohort study in Shanghai, China. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:240. [PMID: 35272627 PMCID: PMC8907900 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Covid-19 patients remains uncertain. Longitudinal serological studies are needed to prevent disease and transmission of the virus. METHODS In 2020, 414 blood samples were tested, obtained from 157 confirmed Covid-19 patients, in a prospective cohort study in Shanghai. RESULTS The seropositive rate of IgM peaked at 40.5% (17/42) within 1 month after illness onset and then declined. The seropositive rate of IgG was 90.6% (58/64) after 2 months, remained above 85% from 2 to 9 months and was 90.9% (40/44) after 9 months. Generalized estimating equations models suggested that IgM (P < 0.001) but not IgG significantly decreased over time. Age ≥ 40 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.531; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.879-10.932), and cigarette smoking (aOR 0.344; 95% CI 0.124-0.951) were associated with IgG, and age ≥ 40 years (aOR 2.820; 95% CI 1.579-5.036) was associated with IgM. After seroconversion, over 90% and 75.1% of subjects were estimated to remain IgG-positive 220 and 254 days, respectively. Of 1420 self-reported symptoms questionnaires, only 5% reported symptoms 9 months after onset. CONCLUSIONS In patients with a history of natural infection, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG is long-lived, being present for at least 9 months after illness onset. The long duration of natural immunity can mitigate and eliminate Covid-19 and the ongoing pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghua Mao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Dechuan Kong
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruobing Han
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxu Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Xiao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwen Fang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Bihong Jin
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Chu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Fu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Benning L, Klein K, Morath C, Bartenschlager M, Kim H, Buylaert M, Reineke M, Töllner M, Nusshag C, Kälble F, Reichel P, Schnitzler P, Zeier M, Süsal C, Bartenschlager R, Schaier M, Speer C. Neutralizing Antibody Activity Against the B.1.617.2 (delta) Variant Before and After a Third BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose in Hemodialysis Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840136. [PMID: 35309320 PMCID: PMC8931261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis patients are at high risk for severe COVID-19, and impaired seroconversion rates have been demonstrated after COVID-19 vaccination. Humoral immunity wanes over time and variants of concern with immune escape are posing an increasing threat. Little is known about protection against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of concern in hemodialysis patients before and after third vaccination. We determined anti-S1 IgG, surrogate neutralizing, and IgG antibodies against different SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in 84 hemodialysis patients directly before and three weeks after a third vaccine dose with BNT162b2. Third vaccination was performed after a median (IQR) of 119 (109–165) days after second vaccination. In addition, neutralizing activity against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant was assessed in 31 seroconverted hemodialysis patients before and after third vaccination. Triple seropositivity for anti-S1 IgG, surrogate neutralizing, and anti-RBD antibodies increased from 31/84 (37%) dialysis patients after second to 80/84 (95%) after third vaccination. Neutralizing activity against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant was significantly higher after third vaccination with a median (IQR) ID50 of 1:320 (1:160–1:1280) compared with 1:20 (0–1:40) before a third vaccine dose (P<0.001). The anti-S1 IgG index showed the strongest correlation with the ID50 against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant determined by live virus neutralization (r=0.91). We demonstrate low neutralizing activity against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant in dialysis patients four months after standard two-dose vaccination but a substantial increase after a third vaccine dose. Booster vaccination(s) should be considered earlier than 6 months after the second vaccine dose in immunocompromised individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Benning
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Louise Benning,
| | - Katrin Klein
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Morath
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirabel Buylaert
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Reineke
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kälble
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Reichel
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Schnitzler
- Department of Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caner Süsal
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Transplant Immunology Research Center of Excellence, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schaier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudius Speer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit Heidelberg, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Theel ES. Performance Characteristics of High-Throughput Serologic Assays for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 with Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization: A Review. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:15-29. [PMID: 35153046 PMCID: PMC8563341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a broad summary of the performance characteristics of high-throughput severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic assays with Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization, which are commonly found in central clinical laboratories. In addition, this review discusses the current roles of serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2 and provides a perspective for the future.
Collapse
|