51
|
Falomir-Lockhart LJ, Cavazzutti GF, Giménez E, Toscani AM. Fatty Acid Signaling Mechanisms in Neural Cells: Fatty Acid Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:162. [PMID: 31105530 PMCID: PMC6491900 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are typically associated with structural and metabolic roles, as they can be stored as triglycerides, degraded by β-oxidation or used in phospholipids’ synthesis, the main components of biological membranes. It has been shown that these lipids exhibit also regulatory functions in different cell types. FAs can serve as secondary messengers, as well as modulators of enzymatic activities and substrates for cytokines synthesis. More recently, it has been documented a direct activity of free FAs as ligands of membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear receptors, and cumulative evidence has emerged, demonstrating its participation in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. It has been long known that the central nervous system is enriched with poly-unsaturated FAs, such as arachidonic (C20:4ω-6) or docosohexaenoic (C22:6ω-3) acids. These lipids participate in the regulation of membrane fluidity, axonal growth, development, memory, and inflammatory response. Furthermore, a whole family of low molecular weight compounds derived from FAs has also gained special attention as the natural ligands for cannabinoid receptors or key cytokines involved in inflammation, largely expanding the role of FAs as precursors of signaling molecules. Nutritional deficiencies, and alterations in lipid metabolism and lipid signaling have been associated with developmental and cognitive problems, as well as with neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular mechanism behind these effects still remains elusive. But in the last two decades, different families of proteins have been characterized as receptors mediating FAs signaling. This review focuses on different receptors sensing and transducing free FAs signals in neural cells: (1) membrane receptors of the family of G Protein Coupled Receptors known as Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs); (2) cytosolic transport Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABPs); and (3) transcription factors Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). We discuss how these proteins modulate and mediate direct regulatory functions of free FAs in neural cells. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of evaluating them as potential targets for drug design in order to manipulate lipid signaling. A thorough characterization of lipid receptors of the nervous system could provide a framework for a better understanding of their roles in neurophysiology and, potentially, help for the development of novel drugs against aging and neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Jorge Falomir-Lockhart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gian Franco Cavazzutti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Toscani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Grillo CA, Woodruff JL, Macht VA, Reagan LP. Insulin resistance and hippocampal dysfunction: Disentangling peripheral and brain causes from consequences. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:71-77. [PMID: 31028829 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the periphery insulin plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis by stimulating glucose uptake into peripheral organs. In the central nervous system (CNS), insulin plays a critical role in the formation of neural circuits and synaptic connections from the earliest stages of development and facilitates and promotes neuroplasticity in the adult brain. Beyond these physiological roles of insulin, a shared feature between the periphery and CNS is that decreases in insulin receptor activity and signaling (i.e. insulin resistance) contributes to the pathological consequences of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. Indeed, clinical and preclinical studies illustrate that CNS insulin resistance elicits neuroplasticity deficits that lead to decreases in cognitive function and increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. The goals of this review are to provide an overview of the literature that have identified the neuroplasticity deficits observed in T2DM and obesity, as well as to discuss the potential causes and consequences of insulin resistance in the CNS, with a particular focus on how insulin resistance impacts hippocampal neuroplasticity. Interestingly, studies that have examined the effects of hippocampal-specific insulin resistance illustrate that brain insulin resistance may impair neuroplasticity independent of peripheral insulin resistance, thereby supporting the concept that restoration of brain insulin activity is an attractive therapeutic strategy to ameliorate or reverse cognitive decline observed in patients with CNS insulin resistance such as T2DM and Alzheimer's Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Grillo
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA; WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Jennifer L Woodruff
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA; WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Victoria A Macht
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA; WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, USA; WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Frazier HN, Ghoweri AO, Anderson KL, Lin RL, Porter NM, Thibault O. Broadening the definition of brain insulin resistance in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 313:79-87. [PMID: 30576640 PMCID: PMC6370304 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been >20 years since studies first revealed that the brain is insulin sensitive, highlighted by the expression of insulin receptors in neurons and glia, the presence of circulating brain insulin, and even localized insulin production. Following these discoveries, evidence of decreased brain insulin receptor number and function was reported in both clinical samples and animal models of aging and Alzheimer's disease, setting the stage for the hypothesis that neuronal insulin resistance may underlie memory loss in these conditions. The development of therapeutic insulin delivery to the brain using intranasal insulin administration has been shown to improve aspects of memory or learning in both humans and animal models. However, whether this approach functions by compensating for poorly signaling insulin receptors, for reduced insulin levels in the brain, or for reduced trafficking of insulin into the brain remains unclear. Direct measures of insulin's impact on cellular physiology and metabolism in the brain have been sparse in models of Alzheimer's disease, and even fewer studies have analyzed these processes in the aged brain. Nevertheless, recent evidence supports the role of brain insulin as a mediator of glucose metabolism through several means, including altering glucose transporters. Here, we provide a review of contemporary literature on brain insulin resistance, highlight the rationale for improving memory function using intranasal insulin, and describe initial results from experiments using a molecular approach to more directly measure the impact of insulin receptor activation and signaling on glucose uptake in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilaree N Frazier
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Adam O Ghoweri
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Katie L Anderson
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Ruei-Lung Lin
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Nada M Porter
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Olivier Thibault
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Maciejczyk M, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in the Brain: What's New? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040874. [PMID: 30781611 PMCID: PMC6413037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest studies have indicated a strong relationship between systemic insulin resistance (IR) and higher incidence of neurodegeneration, dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Although some of these abnormalities could be explained by chronic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia, and/or prolonged whole-body inflammation, the key role is attributed to the neuronal redox imbalance and oxidative damage. In this mini review, we provide a schematic overview of intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities in the IR brain. We highlight important correlations found so far between brain oxidative stress, ceramide generation, β-amyloid accumulation, as well as neuronal apoptosis in the IR conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Tiozzo Fasiolo L, Manniello MD, Bortolotti F, Buttini F, Rossi A, Sonvico F, Colombo P, Valsami G, Colombo G, Russo P. Anti-inflammatory flurbiprofen nasal powders for nose-to-brain delivery in Alzheimer's disease. J Drug Target 2019; 27:984-994. [PMID: 30691325 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1574300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, anti-inflammatory drugs in this asymptomatic initial phase could slow down AD progression, provided they enter the brain. Direct nose-to-brain drug transport occurs along olfactory or trigeminal nerves, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Nasal administration may enable the drug to access the brain. Here, flurbiprofen powders for nose-to-brain drug transport in early AD-related neuroinflammation were studied. Their target product profile contemplates drug powder deposition in the nasal cavity, prompt dissolution in the mucosal fluid and attainment of saturation concentration to maximise diffusion in the tissue. Aiming to increase drug disposition into brain, poorly soluble flurbiprofen requires the construction of nasal powder microparticles actively deposited in nose for prompt drug release. Two groups of powders were formulated, composed of flurbiprofen acid or flurbiprofen sodium salt. Two spray dryer apparatuses, differing for spray and drying mechanisms, and particle collection, were applied to impact on the characteristics of the microparticulate powders. Flurbiprofen sodium nasal powders disclosed prompt dissolution and fast ex vivo transport across rabbit nasal mucosa, superior to the acid form, in particular when the powder was prepared using the Nano B-90 spray dryer at the lowest drying air temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiozzo Fasiolo
- a Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Bortolotti
- b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Rossi
- a Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- a Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- a Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,d PlumeStars Srl , Parma , Italy
| | - Georgia Valsami
- e Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Gaia Colombo
- b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Paola Russo
- c Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno , Fisciano (SA) , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Gonçalves RA, Wijesekara N, Fraser PE, De Felice FG. The Link Between Tau and Insulin Signaling: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:17. [PMID: 30804755 PMCID: PMC6371747 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is mainly identified as a tubulin binding protein essential for microtubule dynamics and assembly and for neurite outgrowth. However, several other possible functions for Tau remains to be investigated. Insulin signaling is important for synaptic plasticity and memory formation and therefore is essential for proper brain function. Tau has recently been characterized as an important regulator of insulin signaling, with evidence linking Tau to brain and peripheral insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. In line with this notion, the hypothesis of Tau pathology as a key trigger of impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion has emerged. Conversely, insulin resistance can also favor Tau dysfunction, resulting in a vicious cycle of these events. In this review article, we discuss recent evidence linking Tau pathology, insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. We further highlight the deleterious consequences of Tau pathology-induced insulin resistance to the brain and/or peripheral tissues, suggesting that these are key events mediating cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Araujo Gonçalves
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nadeeja Wijesekara
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Rahman SO, Panda BP, Parvez S, Kaundal M, Hussain S, Akhtar M, Najmi AK. Neuroprotective role of astaxanthin in hippocampal insulin resistance induced by Aβ peptides in animal model of Alzheimer’s disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
58
|
Panza F, Lozupone M, Logroscino G, Imbimbo BP. A critical appraisal of amyloid-β-targeting therapies for Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 15:73-88. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
59
|
Li H, Liu CC, Zheng H, Huang TY. Amyloid, tau, pathogen infection and antimicrobial protection in Alzheimer's disease -conformist, nonconformist, and realistic prospects for AD pathogenesis. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:34. [PMID: 30603085 PMCID: PMC6306008 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal disease that threatens the quality of life of an aging population at a global scale. Various hypotheses on the etiology of AD have been developed over the years to guide efforts in search of therapeutic strategies. MAIN BODY In this review, we focus on four AD hypotheses currently relevant to AD onset: the prevailing amyloid cascade hypothesis, the well-recognized tau hypothesis, the increasingly popular pathogen (viral infection) hypothesis, and the infection-related antimicrobial protection hypothesis. In briefly reviewing the main evidence supporting each hypothesis and discussing the questions that need to be addressed, we hope to gain a better understanding of the complicated multi-layered interactions in potential causal and/or risk factors in AD pathogenesis. As a defining feature of AD, the existence of amyloid deposits is likely fundamental to AD onset but is insufficient to wholly reproduce many complexities of the disorder. A similar belief is currently also applied to hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates within neurons, where tau has been postulated to drive neurodegeneration in the presence of pre-existing Aβ plaques in the brain. Although infection of the central nerve system by pathogens such as viruses may increase AD risk, it is yet to be determined whether this phenomenon is applicable to all cases of sporadic AD and whether it is a primary trigger for AD onset. Lastly, the antimicrobial protection hypothesis provides insight into a potential physiological role for Aβ peptides, but how Aβ/microbial interactions affect AD pathogenesis during aging awaits further validation. Nevertheless, this hypothesis cautions potential adverse effects in Aβ-targeting therapies by hindering potential roles for Aβ in anti-viral protection. CONCLUSION AD is a multi-factor complex disorder, which likely requires a combinatorial therapeutic approach to successfully slow or reduce symptomatic memory decline. A better understanding of how various causal and/or risk factors affecting disease onset and progression will enhance the likelihood of conceiving effective treatment paradigms, which may involve personalized treatment strategies for individual patients at varying stages of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Timothy Y. Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Hiller AJ, Ishii M. Disorders of Body Weight, Sleep and Circadian Rhythm as Manifestations of Hypothalamic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:471. [PMID: 30568576 PMCID: PMC6289975 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While cognitive decline and memory loss are the major clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), they are now recognized as late features of the disease. Recent failures in clinical drug trials highlight the importance of evaluating and treating patients with AD as early as possible and the difficulties in developing effective therapies once the disease progresses. Since the pathological hallmarks of AD including the abnormal aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau can occur decades before any significant cognitive decline in the preclinical stage of AD, it is important to identify the earliest clinical manifestations of AD and elucidate their underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Importantly, metabolic and non-cognitive manifestations of AD such as weight loss and alterations of peripheral metabolic signals can occur before the onset of cognitive symptoms and worsen with disease progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that the major culprit behind these early metabolic and non-cognitive manifestations of AD is AD pathology causing dysfunction of the hypothalamus, a brain region critical for integrating peripheral signals with essential homeostatic physiological functions. Here, we aim to highlight recent developments that address the role of AD pathology in the development of hypothalamic dysfunction associated with metabolic and non-cognitive manifestations seen in AD. Understanding the mechanisms underlying hypothalamic dysfunction in AD could give key new insights into the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J Hiller
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Camins A, Ettcheto M, Busquets O, Manzine PR, Castro-Torres RD, Beas-Zarate C, Verdaguer E, Sureda FX, Bulló M, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Folch J. Triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor agonists, a potential novel treatment strategy in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 28:93-97. [PMID: 30480461 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1552677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Camins
- a Departament de Farmacologia , Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain.,c Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- a Departament de Farmacologia , Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain.,c Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,d Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia , Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- a Departament de Farmacologia , Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain.,c Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,d Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia , Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Spain
| | - Patricia R Manzine
- a Departament de Farmacologia , Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,e Department of Gerontology , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Rubén Dario Castro-Torres
- a Departament de Farmacologia , Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,f Departament de Biologia Cel·lular , Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,g Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular , C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara y División de Neurociencias , Guadalajara , México
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- g Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular , C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara y División de Neurociencias , Guadalajara , México
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- b Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain.,c Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,f Departament de Biologia Cel·lular , Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Francesc X Sureda
- d Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia , Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Spain
| | - Monica Bulló
- d Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia , Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- h Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Talca , Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- b Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain.,c Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,f Departament de Biologia Cel·lular , Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- b Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain.,d Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia , Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Nam SM, Kwon HJ, Kim W, Kim JW, Hahn KR, Jung HY, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Seong JK, Hwang IK, Yoon YS. Changes of myelin basic protein in the hippocampus of an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:176-184. [PMID: 30671103 PMCID: PMC6333608 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed chronological changes in the immunoreactivity and expression level of myelin basic protein (MBP), one of the most abundant proteins in the central nervous system, in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and their control littermates (Zucker lean control; ZLC). In the ZLC group, body weight steadily increased with age; the body weight of the ZDF group, however, peaked at 30 weeks of age, and subsequently decreased. Based on the changes of body weight, animals were divided into the following six groups: early (12-week), middle (30-week), and chronic (52-week) diabetic groups and their controls. MBP immunoreactivity was found in the alveus, strata pyramidale, and lacunosum-moleculare of the CA1 region, strata pyramidale and radiatum of the CA3 region, and subgranular zone, polymorphic layer, and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. MBP immunoreactivity was lowest in the hippocampus of 12-week-old rats in the ZLC group, and highest in 12-week-old rats in the ZDF group. Diabetes increased MBP levels in the 12-week-old group, while MBP immunoreactivity decreased in the 30-week-old group. In the 52-week-old ZLC and ZDF groups, MBP immunoreactivity was detected in the hippocampus, similar to the 30-week-old ZDF group. Western blot results corroborated with immunohistochemical results. These results suggested that changes in the immunoreactivity and expression of MBP in the hippocampus might be a compensatory response to aging, while the sustained levels of MBP in diabetic animals could be attributed to a loss of compensatory responses in oligodendrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Qin S, Sun D, Mu J, Ma D, Tang R, Zheng Y. Purple sweet potato color improves hippocampal insulin resistance via down-regulating SOCS3 and galectin-3 in high-fat diet mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:370-377. [PMID: 30465813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal insulin resistance is the key factor in cognitive deficits. The obesity induces chronic inflammation and the inflammation molecules suppressors of cytokine signaling3 (SOCS3) and galectin-3 directly impair the insulin signaling. The anti-inflammation properties of purple sweet potato color (PSPC) prompted us to investigate the effect of PSPC on cognitive impairment associated with obesity. 60 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal, high fat diets (HFD), HFD+PSPC and PSPC. The mice were fed with the HFD or normal diet for 32 weeks. The PSPC (500 mg/kg/day) was administered via oral gavage from 21 to 32 weeks. The results showed the PSPC rectified the abnormal metabolism indexes induced by HFD, including ameliorated obesity, decreased the concentration of fasting blood glucose and improved the glucose tolerance. The Morris water maze test showed the PSPC alleviated the cognitive impairment in HFD mice. The PSPC decreased the expression of Iba1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, SOCS3 and galectin-3 in hippocampus of HFD mice. The insulin signaling molecules including the p-IRS1 (Tyr608), PI3K p110α and p-AKT (Ser473) were detected and the PSPC treatment improved the insulin resistance in hippocampus of HFD mice. Furthermore, the PSPC increased Bcl-2, diminished the Bak and the cleaved-caspase3 in HFD mice hippocampus. These findings indicated that PSPC could be a potential treatment to improve the cognitive impairment associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suping Qin
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dexu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Mu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Daifu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Biliverdin reductase-A impairment links brain insulin resistance with increased Aβ production in an animal model of aging: Implications for Alzheimer disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3181-3194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
65
|
Ritze Y, Kern W, Ebner EM, Jahn S, Benedict C, Hallschmid M. Metabolic and Cognitive Outcomes of Subchronic Once-Daily Intranasal Insulin Administration in Healthy Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:663. [PMID: 30524368 PMCID: PMC6262365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin acts in the brain to limit food intake and improve memory function. We have previously shown that 8 weeks of intranasal insulin delivered in four daily doses of 40 IU decrease body weight and enhance word list recall. In the present study, we investigated the effect on body composition, endocrine parameters, and memory performance of 8 weeks of once-daily administration of 160 IU in healthy men. We assumed that intranasal insulin administered before nocturnal sleep, a period of relative metabolic inactivity that moreover benefits memory formation, would be superior to insulin delivery in the morning and placebo administration. After a 2-week baseline period, healthy male normal-weight subjects (mean age, 27.1 ± 0.9 years) received either placebo, 160 IU intranasal insulin in the morning, or 160 IU in the evening (n = 12 per group) for 8 consecutive weeks. Throughout the experiment, we measured body weight and body composition as well as circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin-like growth-factor 1, adiponectin, and leptin. Declarative and procedural memory function was repeatedly assessed by means of, respectively, word list recall and word-stem priming. We found that neither morning nor evening insulin compared to placebo administration induced discernible changes in body weight and body composition. Delayed recall of words showed slight improvements by insulin administration in the evening, and serum cortisol concentrations were reduced after 2 weeks of insulin administration in the morning compared to the other groups. Results indicate that catabolic long-term effects of central nervous insulin delivery necessitate repetitive, presumably pre-meal delivery schedules. The observed memory improvements, although generally weaker than previously found effects, suggest that sleep after intranasal insulin administration may support its beneficial cognitive impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ritze
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Maria Ebner
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Serena Jahn
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Manfred Hallschmid
| |
Collapse
|