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Marzetti E. Musculoskeletal Aging and Sarcopenia in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052808. [PMID: 35269950 PMCID: PMC8910855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; ; Tel.: +39-(06)-3015-5559
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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52
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Li L, Cai D, Zhong H, Liu F, Jiang Q, Liang J, Li P, Song Y, Ji A, Jiao W, Song J, Li J, Chen Z, Li Q, Ke L. Mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis indicators may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:307. [PMID: 35340870 PMCID: PMC8931634 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to challenges in diagnosing myasthenia gravis (MG), identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers for this disease is essential. Mitochondria are key organelles that regulate multiple physiological functions, such as energy production, cell proliferation and cell death. In the present study, Mfn1/2, Opa1, Drp1, Fis1, AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM were compared between patients with MG and healthy subjects to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for MG. Blood samples were collected from 50 patients with MG and 50 healthy subjects. The participants' demographic information and routine blood test results were recorded. Mitochondrial dynamics were evaluated and levels of Mfn1/2, Opa1, Drp1, Fis1, AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these indicators. The areas under the curve values of Mfn1/2, Opa1, Drp1, Fis1,AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM were 0.5408-0.8696. Compared with control subjects, mRNA expression levels of Mfn1/2, Opa1, AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM were lower, while those of Drp1 and Fis1 were higher in patients with MG. The protein expression levels of all these molecules were lower in patients with MG than in control subjects. These results suggested that mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis indicators may be diagnostic biomarkers for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqi Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Donghong Cai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Huiya Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastrosplenic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Jiang
- Department of Gastrosplenic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Gastrosplenic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Ji
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Lingling Ke
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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53
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Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:811751. [PMID: 35250869 PMCID: PMC8892203 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.811751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease in aging with decreased body muscle, decreased muscle strength, decreased independence, increased fat mass, due to decreased physical activity, changes in adipokines and myokines, and decreased satellite cells. People with sarcopenic obesity cause harmful changes in myokines and adipokines. These changes are due to a decrease interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-15 (IL-15), insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1), irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and apelin. While factors such as myostatin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and resistin increase. The consequences of these changes are an increase in inflammatory factors, increased degradation of muscle proteins, increased fat mass, and decreased muscle tissue, which exacerbates sarcopenia obesity. In contrast, exercise, especially strength training, reverses this process, which includes increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing myogenesis, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing brown fat, reducing white fat, reducing inflammatory factors, and reducing muscle atrophy. Since some people with chronic diseases are not able to do high-intensity strength training, exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) are newly recommended. Numerous studies have shown that low-intensity BFR training produces the same increase in hypertrophy and muscle strength such as high-intensity strength training. Therefore, it seems that exercise interventions with BFR can be an effective way to prevent the exacerbation of sarcopenia obesity. However, due to limited studies on adipokines and exercises with BFR in people with sarcopenic obesity, more research is needed.
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54
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Zhang Z, Li M, Cui B, Chen X. Antibiotic Disruption of the Gut Microbiota Enhances the Murine Hepatic Dysfunction Associated With a High-Salt Diet. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829686. [PMID: 35222044 PMCID: PMC8881101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure is related to metabolic malfunctions, such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Liver impairment and hypertrophy of adipose cells are related to high salt consumption. This research aims to investigated the physiological mechanism of a high salt diet (HSD) enhanced antibiotic-induced hepatic injury and mitochondrial abnormalities in mice. The mice were fed a HSD with or without penicillin G (PEN) for 8 weeks and the gut metabolome, untargeted faecal metabolomics, and intestinal function were evaluated. The results revealed that HSD, PEN and their combination (HSPEN) significantly changed the gut microbial community. HSPEN mice exhibited more opportunistic pathogens (such as Klebsiella and Morganella) and reduced probiotic species (including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). The main variations in the faecal metabolites of the HSPEN group were identified, including those connected with entero-hepatic circulation (including bile acids), tryptophan metabolism (i.e., indole derivatives) and lipid metabolism (e.g., erucic acid). Furthermore, increased intestinal permeability and immunologic response caused greater hepatic damage in the HSPEN group compared to the other groups. These findings may have important implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Zhang, ; Bo Cui, ; Xiao Chen,
| | - Mengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Zhang, ; Bo Cui, ; Xiao Chen,
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Zhang, ; Bo Cui, ; Xiao Chen,
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55
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Li H, Chen X, Huang Z, Chen D, Yu B, Luo Y, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Chen H. Ellagic acid enhances muscle endurance by affecting the muscle fiber type, mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Food Funct 2022; 13:1506-1518. [PMID: 35060577 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02318g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenolic compound, which shows various effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and inhibition of platelet aggregation. In this study, we investigated the effect of EA on muscle endurance and explored its possible underlying mechanism. Our data showed that EA significantly improved muscle endurance in mice. EA increased the protein level of slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) I and decreased the protein level of fast MyHC. We also found that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was activated by EA. Finally, our data indicated that EA could increase mitochondrial biogenesis and function by increasing the content of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the concentration of ATP, the activities of succinodehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and the mRNA levels of ATP synthase (ATP5G), mtDNA transcription factor A (TFAM), mitochondrial transcription factor b1 (Tfb1m) and citrate synthase (Cs) in mice and C2C12 myotubes. These results proved that EA could enhance muscle endurance via transforming the muscle fiber type and improving mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China
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Mitochondrial Pathophysiology on Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031776. [PMID: 35163697 PMCID: PMC8836100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy kidneys, interstitial fibroblasts are responsible for the maintenance of renal architecture. Progressive interstitial fibrosis is thought to be a common pathway for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Diabetes is one of the boosters of CKD. There is no effective treatment to improve kidney function in CKD patients. The kidney is a highly demanding organ, rich in redox reactions occurring in mitochondria, making it particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). A dysregulation in OS leads to an impairment of the Electron transport chain (ETC). Gene deficiencies in the ETC are closely related to the development of kidney disease, providing evidence that mitochondria integrity is a key player in the early detection of CKD. The development of novel CKD therapies is needed since current methods of treatment are ineffective. Antioxidant targeted therapies and metabolic approaches revealed promising results to delay the progression of some markers associated with kidney disease. Herein, we discuss the role and possible origin of fibroblasts and the possible potentiators of CKD. We will focus on the important features of mitochondria in renal cell function and discuss their role in kidney disease progression. We also discuss the potential of antioxidants and pharmacologic agents to delay kidney disease progression.
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57
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Wang X, Middleton FA, Tawil R, Chen XJ. Cytosolic adaptation to mitochondria-induced proteostatic stress causes progressive muscle wasting. iScience 2022; 25:103715. [PMID: 35072007 PMCID: PMC8762400 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction causes muscle wasting in many diseases and probably also during aging. The underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We generated transgenic mice with unbalanced mitochondrial protein loading and import, by moderately overexpressing the nuclear-encoded adenine nucleotide translocase, Ant1. We found that these mice progressively lose skeletal muscle. Ant1-overloading reduces mitochondrial respiration. Interestingly, it also induces small heat shock proteins and aggresome-like structures in the cytosol, suggesting increased proteostatic burden due to accumulation of unimported mitochondrial preproteins. The transcriptome of Ant1-transgenic muscles is drastically remodeled to counteract proteostatic stress, by repressing protein synthesis and promoting proteasomal function, autophagy, and lysosomal amplification. These proteostatic adaptations collectively reduce protein content thereby reducing myofiber size and muscle mass. Thus, muscle wasting can occur as a trade-off of adaptation to mitochondria-induced proteostatic stress. This finding could have implications for understanding the mechanism of muscle wasting, especially in diseases associated with Ant1 overexpression, including facioscapulohumeral dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Frank A. Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Rabi Tawil
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xin Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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58
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Daily JW, Park S. Sarcopenia Is a Cause and Consequence of Metabolic Dysregulation in Aging Humans: Effects of Gut Dysbiosis, Glucose Dysregulation, Diet and Lifestyle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030338. [PMID: 35159148 PMCID: PMC8834403 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass plays a critical role in a healthy lifespan by helping to regulate glucose homeostasis. As seen in sarcopenia, decreased skeletal muscle mass impairs glucose homeostasis, but it may also be caused by glucose dysregulation. Gut microbiota modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and various metabolites that affect the host metabolism, including skeletal muscle tissues, and may have a role in the sarcopenia etiology. Here, we aimed to review the relationship between skeletal muscle mass, glucose homeostasis, and gut microbiota, and the effect of consuming probiotics and prebiotics on the development and pathological consequences of sarcopenia in the aging human population. This review includes discussions about the effects of glucose metabolism and gut microbiota on skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenia and the interaction of dietary intake, physical activity, and gut microbiome to influence sarcopenia through modulating the gut–muscle axis. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiome can regulate both skeletal muscle mass and function, in part through modulating the metabolisms of short-chain fatty acids and branch-chain amino acids that might act directly on muscle in humans or indirectly through the brain and liver. Dietary factors such as fats, proteins, and indigestible carbohydrates and lifestyle interventions such as exercise, smoking, and alcohol intake can both help and hinder the putative gut–muscle axis. The evidence presented in this review suggests that loss of muscle mass and function are not an inevitable consequence of the aging process, and that dietary and lifestyle interventions may prevent or delay sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Daily
- Department of R & D, Daily Manufacturing Inc., Rockwell, 28138 NC, USA;
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
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59
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Fairman CM, Lønbro S, Cardaci TD, VanderVeen BN, Nilsen TS, Murphy AE. Muscle wasting in cancer: opportunities and challenges for exercise in clinical cancer trials. JCSM RAPID COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 5:52-67. [PMID: 36118249 PMCID: PMC9481195 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low muscle in cancer is associated with an increase in treatment-related toxicities and is a predictor of cancer-related and all-cause mortality. The mechanisms of cancer-related muscle loss are multifactorial, including anorexia, hypogonadism, anaemia, inflammation, malnutrition, and aberrations in skeletal muscle protein turnover and metabolism. METHODS In this narrative review, we summarise relevant literature to (i) review the factors influencing skeletal muscle mass regulation, (ii) provide an overview of how cancer/treatments negatively impact these, (iii) review factors beyond muscle signalling that can impact the ability to participate in and respond to an exercise intervention to counteract muscle loss in cancer, and (iv) provide perspectives on critical areas of future research. RESULTS Despite the well-known benefits of exercise, there remains a paucity of clinical evidence supporting the impact of exercise in cancer-related muscle loss. There are numerous challenges to reversing muscle loss with exercise in clinical cancer settings, ranging from the impact of cancer/treatments on the molecular regulation of muscle mass, to clinical challenges in responsiveness to an exercise intervention. For example, tumour-related/treatment-related factors (e.g. nausea, pain, anaemia, and neutropenia), presence of comorbidities (e.g. diabetes, arthritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), injuries, disease progression and bone metastases, concomitant medications (e.g., metformin), can negatively affect an individual's ability to exercise safely and limit subsequent adaptation. CONCLUSIONS This review identifies numerous gaps and oppportunities in the area of low muscle and muscle loss in cancer. Collaborative efforts between preclinical and clinical researchers are imperative to both understanding the mechanisms of atrophy, and develop appropriate therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran M. Fairman
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29033, USA
- Correspondence to: Ciaran Fairman, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29033, USA.
| | - Simon Lønbro
- Department of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas D. Cardaci
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29033, USA
| | - Brandon N. VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tormod S. Nilsen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela E. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Bassi-Dibai D, Santos-de-Araújo AD, Dibai-Filho AV, de Azevedo LFS, Goulart CDL, Luz GCP, Burke PR, Garcia-Araújo AS, Borghi-Silva A. Rehabilitation of Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Diabetic Myopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:869921. [PMID: 35498435 PMCID: PMC9047902 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels, causing serious damage to the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and other systems. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 6.28% in 2017, considering all age groups worldwide (prevalence rate of 6,059 cases per 100,000), and its global prevalence is projected to increase to 7,079 cases per 100,000 by 2030. Furthermore, these individuals are often affected by diabetic myopathy, which is the failure to preserve muscle mass and function in the course of DM. This happens in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM. As skeletal muscle plays a key role in locomotion and glucose homeostasis, diabetic myopathy may contribute to additional complications of the disease. In addition, chronic hyperglycemia is associated with lung functional changes seen in patients with DM, such as reduced lung volumes and compliance, inspiratory muscle strength, and lung elastic recoil. Thus, the weakness of the inspiratory muscles, a consequence of diabetic myopathy, can influence exercise tolerance. Thus, moderate strength training in T2DM can contribute to the gain of peripheral muscle strength. Although the literature is robust on the loss of mass and consequent muscle weakness in diabetic myopathy, triggering pathophysiological factors, the impact on functional capacity, as well as the prescription of physical exercise for this condition deserves to be further explored. This review aims to explore the consequences of diabetic myopathy and its implication in rehabilitation from prescription to safety in the practice of physical exercises for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cássia da Luz Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Brocca L, Rossi M, Canepari M, Bottinelli R, Pellegrino MA. Exercise Preconditioning Blunts Early Atrogenes Expression and Atrophy in Gastrocnemius Muscle of Hindlimb Unloaded Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010148. [PMID: 35008572 PMCID: PMC8745338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large set of FoxOs-dependent genes play a primary role in controlling muscle mass during hindlimb unloading. Mitochondrial dysfunction can modulate such a process. We hypothesized that endurance exercise before disuse can protect against disuse-induced muscle atrophy by enhancing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) expression and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. We studied cross sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers of gastrocnemius muscle by histochemistry following 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of hindlimb unloading (HU). We used Western blotting and qRT-PCR to study mitochondrial dynamics and FoxOs-dependent atrogenes’ expression at 1 and 3 days after HU. Preconditioned animals were submitted to moderate treadmill exercise for 7 days before disuse. Exercise preconditioning protected the gastrocnemius from disuse atrophy until 7 days of HU. It blunted alterations in mitochondrial dynamics up to 3 days after HU and the expression of most atrogenes at 1 day after disuse. In preconditioned mice, the activation of atrogenes resumed 3 days after HU when mitochondrial dynamics, assessed by profusion and pro-fission markers (mitofusin 1, MFN1, mitofusin 2, MFN2, optic atrophy 1, OPA1, dynamin related protein 1, DRP1 and fission 1, FIS1), PGC1α levels, and AMPK activation were at a basal level. Therefore, the normalization of mitochondrial dynamics and function was not sufficient to prevent atrogenes activation just a few days after HU. The time course of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and content paralleled the time course of atrogenes’ expression. In conclusion, seven days of endurance exercise counteracted alterations of mitochondrial dynamics and the activation of atrogenes early into disuse. Despite the normalization of mitochondrial dynamics, the effect on atrogenes’ suppression died away within 3 days of HU. Interestingly, muscle protection lasted until 7 days of HU. A longer or more intense exercise preconditioning may prolong atrogenes suppression and muscle protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Brocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Maira Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
- ICS-Maugeri (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.B.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (R.B.)
- Interdipartimental Centre of Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987-935
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Yun CE, So HK, Vuong TA, Na MW, Anh S, Lee HK, Kim KH, Kang JS, Bae GU, Lee SJ. Aronia Upregulates Myogenic Differentiation and Augments Muscle Mass and Function Through Muscle Metabolism. Front Nutr 2021; 8:753643. [PMID: 34888337 PMCID: PMC8650690 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.753643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Black chokeberry or aronia (the fruit of Aronia melanocarpa) has been reported to having pharmacological activities against metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and pro-inflammatory conditions. However, the effects of aronia on myogenic differentiation and muscle homoeostasis are uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of aronia (black chokeberry) on myogenic differentiation and muscle metabolic functions in young mice. Aronia extract (AR) promotes myogenic differentiation and elevates the formation of multinucleated myotubes through Akt activation. AR protects dexamethasone (DEX)-induced myotube atrophy through inhibition of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases mediated by Akt activation. The treatment with AR increases muscle mass and strength in mice without cardiac hypertrophy. AR treatment enhances both oxidative and glycolytic myofibers and muscle metabolism with elevated mitochondrial genes and glucose metabolism-related genes. Furthermore, AR-fed muscle fibers display increased levels of total OxPHOS and myoglobin proteins. Taken together, AR enhances myogenic differentiation and improves muscle mass and function, suggesting that AR has a promising potential as a nutraceutical remedy to intervene in muscle weakness and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Eun Yun
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung So
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tuan Anh Vuong
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon, South Korea
| | - Myung Woo Na
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Subin Anh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Keun Lee
- Gyeonwoo Korean Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Drug Information Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon, South Korea
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63
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Seo DY, Bae JH, Zhang D, Song W, Kwak HB, Heo JW, Jung SJ, Yun HR, Kim TN, Lee SH, Kim AH, Jeong DH, Kim HK, Han J. Effects of cisplatin on mitochondrial function and autophagy-related proteins in skeletal muscle of rats. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 34674798 PMCID: PMC8633523 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is widely known as an anti-cancer drug. However, the effects of cisplatin on mitochondrial function and autophagy-related proteins levels in the skeletal muscle are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of cisplatin on mitochondrial function and autophagy-re-lated protein levels in the skeletal muscle of rats. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 24) were assigned to one of three groups; the first group was administered a saline placebo (CON, n = 10), and the second and third groups were given 0.1 mg/kg body weight (BW) (n = 6), and 0.5 mg/kg BW (n = 8) of cisplatin, respectively. The group that had been administered 0.5 mg cisplatin exhibited a reduced BW, skeletal muscle tissue weight, and mitochondrial function and upregulated levels of autophagy-related proteins, including LC3II, Beclin 1, and BNIP3. Moreover, this group had a high LC3 II/I ratio in the skeletal muscle; i.e., the administration of a high dose of cisplatin decreased the muscle mass and mitochondrial function and increased the levels of autophagy-related proteins. These results, thus, suggest that reducing mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy pathways may be important for preventing skeletal muscle atrophy following cisplatin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yun Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jun Hyun Bae
- Health & Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Didi Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Xiang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Wook Song
- Health & Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Heo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Su-Jeen Jung
- Department of Leisure Sports, Seoil University, Seoul 02192, Korea
| | - Hyeong Rok Yun
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Department of Taekwondo, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Amy Hyein Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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64
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Oh S, Choi CH, Lee BJ, Park JH, Son KH, Byun K. Fermented Oyster Extract Attenuated Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Decreasing Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237128. [PMID: 34885708 PMCID: PMC8658907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that oxidative stress induces muscle atrophy, which decreases with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1. Fermented oyster extracts (FO), rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lactate, have shown antioxidative effects. We evaluated whether FO decreased oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 and whether it decreased NF-κB, leading to decreased IL-6 and TNF-α. Decreased oxidative stress led to the downregulation of Cbl-b ubiquitin ligase, which increased IGF-1 and decreased FoxO3, atrogin1, and Murf1, and eventually decreased muscle atrophy in dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy animal model. For four weeks, mice were orally administered with FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate, and then Dexa was subcutaneously injected for ten days. During Dexa injection period, FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate were also administered, and grip strength test and muscle harvesting were performed on the day of the last Dexa injection. We compared the attenuation effect of FO with GABA, lactate, and GABA+lactate treatment. Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; SOD activity and glutathione levels were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; NADPH oxidase activity was increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α activities were increased by Dexa were decreased by FO; Cbl-b expression was increased by Dexa but restored by FO; IGF-1 expression was decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; FoxO3, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO. The gastrocnemius thickness and weight were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. The cross-sectional area of muscle fiber and grip strength were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. In conclusion, FO decreased Dexa-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1. Decreased oxidative stress led to decreased Cbl-b, FoxO3, atrogin1, and MuRF1, which attenuated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Bae-Jin Lee
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Smart Marine BioCenter, Busan 46048, Korea; (B.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Joung-Hyun Park
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Smart Marine BioCenter, Busan 46048, Korea; (B.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Kuk-Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.-H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.-H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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65
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Leucine-Rich Diet Improved Muscle Function in Cachectic Walker 256 Tumour-Bearing Wistar Rats. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123272. [PMID: 34943780 PMCID: PMC8699792 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, especially during cancer-induced cachexia. This condition is associated with increased morbidity and poor treatment response, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality in cancer patients. A leucine-rich diet could be used as a coadjutant therapy to prevent muscle atrophy in patients suffering from cancer cachexia. Besides muscle atrophy, muscle function loss is even more important to patient quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of leucine supplementation on whole-body functional/movement properties, as well as some markers of muscle breakdown and inflammatory status. Adult Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four experimental groups. Two groups were fed with a control diet (18% protein): Control (C) and Walker 256 tumour-bearing (W), and two other groups were fed with a leucine-rich diet (18% protein + 3% leucine): Leucine Control (L) and Leucine Walker 256 tumour-bearing (LW). A functional analysis (walking, behaviour, and strength tests) was performed before and after tumour inoculation. Cachexia parameters such as body weight loss, muscle and fat mass, pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, and molecular and morphological aspects of skeletal muscle were also determined. As expected, Walker 256 tumour growth led to muscle function decline, cachexia manifestation symptoms, muscle fibre cross-section area reduction, and classical muscle protein degradation pathway activation, with upregulation of FoxO1, MuRF-1, and 20S proteins. On the other hand, despite having no effect on the walking test, inflammation status or muscle oxidative capacity, the leucine-rich diet improved muscle strength and behaviour performance, maintained body weight, fat and muscle mass and decreased some protein degradation markers in Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats. Indeed, a leucine-rich diet alone could not completely revert cachexia but could potentially diminish muscle protein degradation, leading to better muscle functional performance in cancer cachexia.
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Hunt LC, Graca FA, Pagala V, Wang YD, Li Y, Yuan ZF, Fan Y, Labelle M, Peng J, Demontis F. Integrated genomic and proteomic analyses identify stimulus-dependent molecular changes associated with distinct modes of skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109971. [PMID: 34758314 PMCID: PMC8852763 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that occurs with aging and disease, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Previous work determined that common transcriptional changes occur in muscle during atrophy induced by different stimuli. However, whether this holds true at the proteome level remains largely unexplored. Here, we find that, contrary to this earlier model, distinct atrophic stimuli (corticosteroids, cancer cachexia, and aging) induce largely different mRNA and protein changes during muscle atrophy in mice. Moreover, there is widespread transcriptome-proteome disconnect. Consequently, atrophy markers (atrogenes) identified in earlier microarray-based studies do not emerge from proteomics as generally induced by atrophy. Rather, we identify proteins that are distinctly modulated by different types of atrophy (herein defined as “atroproteins”) such as the myokine CCN1/Cyr61, which regulates myofiber type switching during sarcopenia. Altogether, these integrated analyses indicate that different catabolic stimuli induce muscle atrophy via largely distinct mechanisms. Skeletal muscle wasting is caused by many catabolic stimuli, which were thought to act via shared mechanisms. Hunt et al. now show that distinct catabolic stimuli induce muscle wasting via largely different molecular changes. The authors identify atrophy-associated proteins (“atroproteins”) that may represent diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam C Hunt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Solid Tumor Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Flavia A Graca
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Solid Tumor Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vishwajeeth Pagala
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zuo-Fei Yuan
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Myriam Labelle
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Solid Tumor Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Solid Tumor Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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67
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Early Deconditioning of Human Skeletal Muscles and the Effects of a Thigh Cuff Countermeasure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112064. [PMID: 34769492 PMCID: PMC8584355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle deconditioning is a major consequence of a wide range of conditions from spaceflight to a sedentary lifestyle, and occurs as a result of muscle inactivity, leading to a rapid decrease in muscle strength, mass, and oxidative capacity. The early changes that appear in the first days of inactivity must be studied to determine effective methods for the prevention of muscle deconditioning. To evaluate the mechanisms of muscle early changes and the vascular effect of a thigh cuff, a five-day dry immersion (DI) experiment was conducted by the French Space Agency at the MEDES Space Clinic (Rangueil, Toulouse). Eighteen healthy males were recruited and divided into a control group and a thigh cuff group, who wore a thigh cuff at 30 mmHg. All participants underwent five days of DI. Prior to and at the end of the DI, the lower limb maximal strength was measured and muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscle. Five days of DI resulted in muscle deconditioning in both groups. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction of knee extension decreased significantly. The muscle fiber cross-sectional area decreased significantly by 21.8%, and the protein balance seems to be impaired, as shown by the reduced activation of the mTOR pathway. Measurements of skinned muscle fibers supported these results and potential changes in oxidative capacity were highlighted by a decrease in PGC1-α levels. The use of the thigh cuff did not prevent muscle deconditioning or impact muscle function. These results suggest that the major effects of muscle deconditioning occur during the first few days of inactivity, and countermeasures against muscle deconditioning should target this time period. These results are also relevant for the understanding of muscle weakness induced by muscle diseases, aging, and patients in intensive care.
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68
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Levitt DE, Ferguson TF, Primeaux SD, Zavala JA, Ahmed J, Marshall RH, Simon L, Molina PE. Skeletal muscle bioenergetic health and function in people living with HIV: association with glucose tolerance and alcohol use. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R781-R790. [PMID: 34585616 PMCID: PMC8616628 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00197.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At-risk alcohol use is prevalent and increases dysglycemia among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Skeletal muscle (SKM) bioenergetic dysregulation is implicated in dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between at-risk alcohol, glucose tolerance, and SKM bioenergetic function in PLWH. Thirty-five PLWH (11 females, 24 males, age: 53 ± 9 yr, body mass index: 29.0 ± 6.6 kg/m2) with elevated fasting glucose enrolled in the ALIVE-Ex study provided medical history and alcohol use information [Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)], then underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and SKM biopsy. Bioenergetic health and function and mitochondrial volume were measured in isolated myoblasts. Mitochondrial gene expression was measured in SKM. Linear regression adjusting for age, sex, and smoking was performed to examine the relationship between glucose tolerance (2-h glucose post-OGTT), AUDIT, and their interaction with each outcome measure. Negative indicators of bioenergetic health were significantly (P < 0.05) greater with higher 2-h glucose (proton leak) and AUDIT (proton leak, nonmitochondrial oxygen consumption, and bioenergetic health index). Mitochondrial volume was increased with the interaction of higher 2-h glucose and AUDIT. Mitochondrial gene expression decreased with higher 2-h glucose (TFAM, PGC1B, PPARG, MFN1), AUDIT (MFN1, DRP1, MFF), and their interaction (PPARG, PPARD, MFF). Decreased expression of mitochondrial genes were coupled with increased mitochondrial volume and decreased bioenergetic health in SKM of PLWH with higher AUDIT and 2-h glucose. We hypothesize these mechanisms reflect poorer mitochondrial health and may precede overt SKM bioenergetic dysregulation observed in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Levitt
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tekeda F Ferguson
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Epidemiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Stefany D Primeaux
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Center, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jeanette A Zavala
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jameel Ahmed
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Richard H Marshall
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Liz Simon
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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69
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Yamashita SI, Kyuuma M, Inoue K, Hata Y, Kawada R, Yamabi M, Fujii Y, Sakagami J, Fukuda T, Furukawa K, Tsukamoto S, Kanki T. Mitophagy reporter mouse analysis reveals increased mitophagy activity in disuse-induced muscle atrophy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7612-7624. [PMID: 33934360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscle disuse induces atrophy through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy, the autophagic degradation of mitochondria, is associated with increased ROS production. However, the mitophagy activity status during disuse-induced muscle atrophy has been a subject of debate. Here, we developed a new mitophagy reporter mouse line to examine how disuse affected mitophagy activity in skeletal muscles. Mice expressing tandem mCherry-EGFP proteins on mitochondria were then used to monitor the dynamics of mitophagy activity. The reporter mice demonstrated enhanced mitophagy activity and increased ROS production in atrophic soleus muscles following a 14-day hindlimb immobilization. Results also showed an increased expression of multiple mitophagy genes, including Bnip3, Bnip3l, and Park2. Our findings thus conclude that disuse enhances mitophagy activity and ROS production in atrophic skeletal muscles and suggests that mitophagy is a potential therapeutic target for disuse-induced muscle atrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Hindlimb Suspension
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/genetics
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Mitophagy
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/genetics
- Muscular Atrophy/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Starvation
- Time Factors
- Red Fluorescent Protein
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanao Kyuuma
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Inoue
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Hata
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryu Kawada
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamabi
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujii
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Junko Sakagami
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fukuda
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Furukawa
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Science Section, National Institute of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomotake Kanki
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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70
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Monaco CMF, Tarnopolsky MA, Dial AG, Nederveen JP, Rebalka IA, Nguyen M, Turner LV, Perry CGR, Ljubicic V, Hawke TJ. Normal to enhanced intrinsic mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of middle- to older-aged women and men with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2517-2533. [PMID: 34392397 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study interrogated mitochondrial respiratory function and content in skeletal muscle biopsies of healthy adults between 30 and 72 years old with and without uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. METHODS Participants (12 women/nine men) with type 1 diabetes (48 ± 11 years of age), without overt complications, were matched for age, sex, BMI and level of physical activity to participants without diabetes (control participants) (49 ± 12 years of age). Participants underwent a Bergström biopsy of the vastus lateralis to assess mitochondrial respiratory function using high-resolution respirometry and citrate synthase activity. Electron microscopy was used to quantify mitochondrial content and cristae (pixel) density. RESULTS Mean mitochondrial area density was 27% lower (p = 0.006) in participants with type 1 diabetes compared with control participants. This was largely due to smaller mitochondrial fragments in women with type 1 diabetes (-18%, p = 0.057), as opposed to a decrease in the total number of mitochondrial fragments in men with diabetes (-28%, p = 0.130). Mitochondrial respiratory measures, whether estimated per milligram of tissue (i.e. mass-specific) or normalised to area density (i.e. intrinsic mitochondrial function), differed between cohorts, and demonstrated sexual dimorphism. Mass-specific mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity with the substrates for complex I and complex II (CI + II) was significantly lower (-24%, p = 0.033) in women with type 1 diabetes compared with control participants, whereas mass-specific OXPHOS capacities with substrates for complex I only (pyruvate [CI pyr] or glutamate [CI glu]) or complex II only (succinate [CII succ]) were not different (p > 0.404). No statistical differences (p > 0.397) were found in mass-specific OXPHOS capacity in men with type 1 diabetes compared with control participants despite a 42% non-significant increase in CI glu OXPHOS capacity (p = 0.218). In contrast, intrinsic CI + II OXPHOS capacity was not different in women with type 1 diabetes (+5%, p = 0.378), whereas in men with type 1 diabetes it was 25% higher (p = 0.163) compared with control participants. Men with type 1 diabetes also demonstrated higher intrinsic OXPHOS capacity for CI pyr (+50%, p = 0.159), CI glu (+88%, p = 0.033) and CII succ (+28%, p = 0.123), as well as higher intrinsic respiratory rates with low (more physiological) concentrations of either ADP, pyruvate, glutamate or succinate (p < 0.012). Women with type 1 diabetes had higher (p < 0.003) intrinsic respiratory rates with low concentrations of succinate only. Calculated aerobic fitness (Physical Working Capacity Test [PWC130]) showed a strong relationship with mitochondrial respiratory function and content in the type 1 diabetes cohort. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In middle- to older-aged adults with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes, we conclude that skeletal muscle mitochondria differentially adapt to type 1 diabetes and demonstrate sexual dimorphism. Importantly, these cellular alterations were significantly associated with our metric of aerobic fitness (PWC130) and preceded notable impairments in skeletal mass and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Athan G Dial
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren V Turner
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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71
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The Role of Nrf2 in Skeletal Muscle on Exercise Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111712. [PMID: 34829582 PMCID: PMC8615226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Nfe2l2 (Nrf2) is believed to play a crucial role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. In addition to its primary function of maintaining redox homeostasis, there is emerging evidence that Nrf2 is also involved in energy metabolism. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of Nrf2 in skeletal muscle metabolism from the perspective of exercise physiology. This article is part of a special issue “Mitochondrial Function, Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species and Skeletal Muscle” edited by Håkan Westerblad and Takashi Yamada.
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72
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Abstract
The design of the energy metabolism system in striated muscle remains a major area of investigation. Here, we review our current understanding and emerging hypotheses regarding the metabolic support of muscle contraction. Maintenance of ATP free energy, so called energy homeostasis, via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is critical to sustained contractile activity, and this major design criterion is the focus of this review. Cell volume invested in mitochondria reduces the space available for generating contractile force, and this spatial balance between mitochondria acontractile elements to meet the varying sustained power demands across muscle types is another important design criterion. This is accomplished with remarkably similar mass-specific mitochondrial protein composition across muscle types, implying that it is the organization of mitochondria within the muscle cell that is critical to supporting sustained muscle function. Beyond the production of ATP, ubiquitous distribution of ATPases throughout the muscle requires rapid distribution of potential energy across these large cells. Distribution of potential energy has long been thought to occur primarily through facilitated metabolite diffusion, but recent analysis has questioned the importance of this process under normal physiological conditions. Recent structural and functional studies have supported the hypothesis that the mitochondrial reticulum provides a rapid energy distribution system via the conduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential to maintain metabolic homeostasis during contractile activity. We extensively review this aspect of the energy metabolism design contrasting it with metabolite diffusion models and how mitochondrial structure can play a role in the delivery of energy in the striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert S Balaban
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute, Bethesda, Maryland
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73
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Biological Aspects of Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194933. [PMID: 34638416 PMCID: PMC8508005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer treatments improve survival in children with cancer. A total of 80% of children treated for childhood cancer achieve 5-year survival, becoming long-term survivors. However, they undergo several chronic late effects related to treatments. In childhood cancer survivors a chronic low-grade inflammation, known as inflamm-aging, is responsible for frailty, a condition characterized by vital organ failure and by premature aging processes. Inflamm-aging is closely related to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which induce inflammation, accumulation of senescent cells, DNA mutations, and the production of reactive oxygen species. All these conditions are responsible for the onset of secondary diseases, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and infertility. Considering that the pathobiology of frailty among childhood cancer survivors is still unknown, investigations are needed to better understand frailty's biological and molecular processes and to identify inflamm-aging key biomarkers in order to facilitate the screening of comorbidities and to clarify whether treatments, normally used to modulate inflamm-aging, may be beneficial. This review offers an overview of the possible biological mechanisms involved in the development of inflamm-aging, focusing our attention on immune system alteration, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and therapeutic strategies.
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74
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Trimetazidine and exercise provide comparable improvements to high fat diet-induced muscle dysfunction through enhancement of mitochondrial quality control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19116. [PMID: 34580406 PMCID: PMC8476493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces skeletal muscle dysfunction. The pathogenesis of which appears to substantially involve mitochondrial dysfunction, arising from impaired quality control. Exercise is a major therapeutic strategy against muscle dysfunction. Trimetazidine, a partial inhibitor of lipid oxidation, has been proposed as a metabolic modulator for several cardiovascular pathologies. However, the effects of Trimetazidine on regulating skeletal muscle function are largely unknown. Our present study used cell culture and obese mice models to test a novel hypothesis that Trimetazidine could improve muscle atrophy with similar results to exercise. In C2C12 cells, high palmitic acid-induced atrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction, which could be reversed by the treatment of Trimetazidine. In our animal models, with high-fat diet-induced obesity associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, Trimetazidine prevented muscle dysfunction, corrected metabolic abnormalities, and improved mitochondrial quality control and mitochondrial functions similarly to exercise. Thus, our study suggests that Trimetazidine successfully mimics exercise to enhance mitochondrial quality control leading to improved high-fat diet-induced muscle dysfunction.
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75
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Khin PP, Hong Y, Yeon M, Lee DH, Lee JH, Jun HS. Dulaglutide improves muscle function by attenuating inflammation through OPA-1-TLR-9 signaling in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21962-21974. [PMID: 34537761 PMCID: PMC8507261 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dulaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, is widely used to treat diabetes. However, its effects on muscle wasting due to aging are poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of dulaglutide in muscle wasting in aged mice. Dulaglutide improved muscle mass and strength in aged mice. Histological analysis revealed that the cross-sectional area of the tibialis anterior (TA) in the dulaglutide-treated group was thicker than that in the vehicle group. Moreover, dulaglutide increased the shift toward middle and large-sized fibers in both young and aged mice compared to the vehicle. Dulaglutide increased myofiber type I and type IIa in young (18.5% and 8.2%) and aged (1.8% and 19.7%) mice, respectively, compared to the vehicle group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, decreased but increased by dulaglutide in aged mice. The expression of atrophic factors such as myostatin, atrogin-1, and muscle RING-finger protein-1 was decreased in aged mice, whereas that of the myogenic factor, MyoD, was increased in both young and aged mice following dulaglutide treatment. In aged mice, optic atrophy-1 (OPA-1) protein was decreased, whereas Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) and its targeting inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were elevated in the TA and quadriceps (QD) muscles. In contrast, dulaglutide administration reversed this expression pattern, thereby significantly attenuating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in aged mice. These data suggest that dulaglutide may exert beneficial effects in the treatment of muscle wasting due to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Phyu Khin
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yeonhee Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - MyeongHoon Yeon
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong Han Lee
- Department of Marine Bio and Medical Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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76
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Corso D, Chemello F, Alessio E, Urso I, Ferrarese G, Bazzega M, Romualdi C, Lanfranchi G, Sales G, Cagnin S. MyoData: An expression knowledgebase at single cell/nucleus level for the discovery of coding-noncoding RNA functional interactions in skeletal muscle. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4142-4155. [PMID: 34527188 PMCID: PMC8342900 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression through non-coding RNAs at single myofiber and nucleus resolution. Reinterpretation of KEGG pathways with microRNA and long non-coding RNA activities. miR-149, -214, and let-7e alter mitochondrial shape. The long non-coding RNA Pvt1 is a sponge for miR-27a. miR-208b regulates Sox6; miR-214 regulates both Sox6 and Slc16a3.
Non-coding RNAs represent the largest part of transcribed mammalian genomes and prevalently exert regulatory functions. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate the activity of each other. Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in mammals. It is composed of different cell types with myofibers that represent the smallest complete contractile system. Considering that lncRNAs and miRNAs are more cell type-specific than coding RNAs, to understand their function it is imperative to evaluate their expression and action within single myofibers. In this database, we collected gene expression data for coding and non-coding genes in single myofibers and used them to produce interaction networks based on expression correlations. Since biological pathways are more informative than networks based on gene expression correlation, to understand how altered genes participate in the studied phenotype, we integrated KEGG pathways with miRNAs and lncRNAs. The database also integrates single nucleus gene expression data on skeletal muscle in different patho-physiological conditions. We demonstrated that these networks can serve as a framework from which to dissect new miRNA and lncRNA functions to experimentally validate. Some interactions included in the database have been previously experimentally validated using high throughput methods. These can be the basis for further functional studies. Using database information, we demonstrate the involvement of miR-149, -214 and let-7e in mitochondria shaping; the ability of the lncRNA Pvt1 to mitigate the action of miR-27a via sponging; and the regulatory activity of miR-214 on Sox6 and Slc16a3. The MyoData is available at https://myodata.bio.unipd.it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Chemello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Alessio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilenia Urso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrarese
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Bazzega
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Romualdi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Lanfranchi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sales
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
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77
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Cannataro R, Carbone L, Petro JL, Cione E, Vargas S, Angulo H, Forero DA, Odriozola-Martínez A, Kreider RB, Bonilla DA. Sarcopenia: Etiology, Nutritional Approaches, and miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9724. [PMID: 34575884 PMCID: PMC8466275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, dramatically affects the quality of life. Although there is a consensus that sarcopenia is a multifactorial syndrome, the etiology and underlying mechanisms are not yet delineated. Moreover, research about nutritional interventions to prevent the development of sarcopenia is mainly focused on the amount and quality of protein intake. The impact of several nutrition strategies that consider timing of food intake, anti-inflammatory nutrients, metabolic control, and the role of mitochondrial function on the progression of sarcopenia is not fully understood. This narrative review summarizes the metabolic background of this phenomenon and proposes an integral nutritional approach (including dietary supplements such as creatine monohydrate) to target potential molecular pathways that may affect reduce or ameliorate the adverse effects of sarcopenia. Lastly, miRNAs, in particular those produced by skeletal muscle (MyomiR), might represent a valid tool to evaluate sarcopenia progression as a potential rapid and early biomarker for diagnosis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Leandro Carbone
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Salvador, Buenos Aires 1020, Argentina
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Salvador Vargas
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain
| | - Heidy Angulo
- Grupo de Investigación Programa de Medicina (GINUMED), Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena 130001, Colombia;
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Adrián Odriozola-Martínez
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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78
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Bag Soytas R, Suzan V, Arman P, Emiroglu Gedik T, Unal D, Cengiz M, Bolayirli IM, Suna Erdincler D, Doventas A, Yavuzer H. Association of FGF-19 and FGF-21 levels with primary sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21:959-962. [PMID: 34405516 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 and FGF-21 levels have been reported to be associated with muscle hemostasis. This study aims to explore the relationship between the levels of these markers and sarcopenia. METHODS In our single-center, cross-sectional study, patients over 65 years old presenting to the geriatric outpatient clinic were included. Patients with secondary sarcopenia were excluded. The Strength-Assistance with walking-Rising from a chair-Climbing stairs and Falls (SARC-F) questionnaire was applied to all patients. Sarcopenia was determined by handgrip strength (HGS), bioelectrical impedance analysis and 6-m walk test. Serum samples were stored at -80°C until measurement. The ELISA method was used to assess FGF-19 and FGF-21 levels. RESULTS In total, 88 patients (54 women) were included. There were 43 patients in the sarcopenia group and 45 patients without sarcopenia in the control group. In those with sarcopenia, FGF-19 was lower (P = 0.04) and FGF-21 was higher (P = 0.021). There was a direct correlation between FGF-19 with SARC-F and HGS (P = 0.04, B = 0.178, P = 0.006, B = 0.447) while FGF-21 was inversely correlated with HGS and positively correlated with 6-m walking time (P = 0.016, B = -0.428, P = 0.004, B = 0.506). CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that low FGF-19 and high FGF-21 may be associated with sarcopenia and this finding could be explained by the impacted muscle strength. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 959-962.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bag Soytas
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Suzan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Arman
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Emiroglu Gedik
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Damla Unal
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahir Cengiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biruni University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Murat Bolayirli
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Suna Erdincler
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Doventas
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yavuzer
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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79
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Cardinale DA, Gejl KD, Petersen KG, Nielsen J, Ørtenblad N, Larsen FJ. Short-term intensified training temporarily impairs mitochondrial respiratory capacity in elite endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:388-400. [PMID: 34110230 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00829.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of healthy and functional mitochondria is the result of a complex mitochondrial turnover and herein quality-control program that includes both mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy of mitochondria. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an intensified training load on skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality control in relation to changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity, maximal oxygen consumption, and performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Elite endurance athletes (n = 27) performed high-intensity interval exercise followed by moderate-intensity continuous exercise 3 days per week for 4 wk in addition to their usual volume of training. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity, abundance of mitochondrial proteins, markers of autophagy, and antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscle were assessed in skeletal muscle biopsies before and after the intensified training period. The intensified training period increased several autophagy markers suggesting an increased turnover of mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins. In permeabilized muscle fibers, mitochondrial respiration was ∼20% lower after training although some markers of mitochondrial density increased by 5%-50%, indicative of a reduced mitochondrial quality by the intensified training intervention. The antioxidative proteins UCP3, ANT1, and SOD2 were increased after training, whereas we found an inactivation of aconitase. In agreement with the lower aconitase activity, the amount of mitochondrial LON protease that selectively degrades oxidized aconitase was doubled. Together, this suggests that mitochondrial respiratory function is impaired during the initial recovery from a period of intensified endurance training whereas mitochondrial quality control is slightly activated in highly trained skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that mitochondrial respiration is temporarily impaired after a period of intensified exercise training in elite athletes. In parallel, proteins involved in the antioxidative response including SOD2, UCP3, and ANT2 were upregulated, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis was slightly activated. Despite the mitochondrial respiratory impairments, physical performance was improved a few days after the intense training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele A Cardinale
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.,Elite Performance Centre, Bosön-Swedish Sports Confederation, Lidingö, Sweden
| | - Kasper D Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristine G Petersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
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80
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Zhu CL, Yao RQ, Li LX, Li P, Xie J, Wang JF, Deng XM. Mechanism of Mitophagy and Its Role in Sepsis Induced Organ Dysfunction: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664896. [PMID: 34164394 PMCID: PMC8215549 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202111-2484oc+10.3389/fcell.2021.664896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process, plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It is widely believed that mitochondria influence the development of disease by regulating cellular metabolism. When challenged by different stimuli, mitochondria may experience morphological disorders and functional abnormalities, leading to a selective form of autophagy-mitophagy, which can clear damaged mitochondria to promote mitochondrial quality control. Sepsis is a complex global problem with multiple organ dysfunction, often accompanied by manifold mitochondrial damage. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can regulate both innate and acquired immune processes to protect against organ dysfunction in sepsis. Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may play a pathophysiological role in the initiation and progression of sepsis-induced organ failure. Mitophagy is reported to be beneficial for sepsis by eliminating disabled mitochondria and maintaining homeostasis to protect against organ failure. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and mechanisms of mitophagy and its involvement in septic organ dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-long Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-qi Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-xi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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81
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Zhu CL, Yao RQ, Li LX, Li P, Xie J, Wang JF, Deng XM. Mechanism of Mitophagy and Its Role in Sepsis Induced Organ Dysfunction: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664896. [PMID: 34164394 PMCID: PMC8215549 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202111-2484oc 10.3389/fcell.2021.664896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process, plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It is widely believed that mitochondria influence the development of disease by regulating cellular metabolism. When challenged by different stimuli, mitochondria may experience morphological disorders and functional abnormalities, leading to a selective form of autophagy-mitophagy, which can clear damaged mitochondria to promote mitochondrial quality control. Sepsis is a complex global problem with multiple organ dysfunction, often accompanied by manifold mitochondrial damage. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can regulate both innate and acquired immune processes to protect against organ dysfunction in sepsis. Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may play a pathophysiological role in the initiation and progression of sepsis-induced organ failure. Mitophagy is reported to be beneficial for sepsis by eliminating disabled mitochondria and maintaining homeostasis to protect against organ failure. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and mechanisms of mitophagy and its involvement in septic organ dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-long Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-qi Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-xi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jia-feng Wang,
| | - Xiao-ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,Xiao-ming Deng,
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Zhu CL, Yao RQ, Li LX, Li P, Xie J, Wang JF, Deng XM. Mechanism of Mitophagy and Its Role in Sepsis Induced Organ Dysfunction: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664896. [PMID: 34164394 PMCID: PMC8215549 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process, plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It is widely believed that mitochondria influence the development of disease by regulating cellular metabolism. When challenged by different stimuli, mitochondria may experience morphological disorders and functional abnormalities, leading to a selective form of autophagy-mitophagy, which can clear damaged mitochondria to promote mitochondrial quality control. Sepsis is a complex global problem with multiple organ dysfunction, often accompanied by manifold mitochondrial damage. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can regulate both innate and acquired immune processes to protect against organ dysfunction in sepsis. Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may play a pathophysiological role in the initiation and progression of sepsis-induced organ failure. Mitophagy is reported to be beneficial for sepsis by eliminating disabled mitochondria and maintaining homeostasis to protect against organ failure. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and mechanisms of mitophagy and its involvement in septic organ dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Xi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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83
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Schoufour JD, Tieland M, Barazzoni R, Ben Allouch S, van der Bie J, Boirie Y, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Eglseer D, Topinková E, Visser B, Voortman T, Tsagari A, Weijs PJM. The Relevance of Diet, Physical Activity, Exercise, and Persuasive Technology in the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity in Older Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:661449. [PMID: 34109204 PMCID: PMC8180560 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging population faces two conditions that threaten healthy aging: high fat mass (obesity) and low muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). The combination of both-referred to as sarcopenic obesity-synergistically increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. The two conditions often co-occur because they reinforce each other and share common etiologies, including poor nutrition and inactivity. All aging people are at risk of gaining weight and losing muscle mass and could benefit from improvements in physical activity, exercise and dietary intake. one specific window of opportunity is during the transient time of retirement, as older adults already need to restructure their daily activities. It is key to change lifestyle behavior in a sustainable manner, providing scientifically proven, personalized, and acceptable principles that can be integrated in daily life. Health technologies (e.g., applications) can provide promising tools to deliver personalized and appealing lifestyle interventions to a large group of people while keeping health care costs low. Several studies show that health technologies have a strong positive effect on physical activity, exercise and dietary intake. Specifically, health technology is increasingly applied to older people, although strong evidence for long term effects in changing lifestyle behavior is generally lacking. Concluding, technology could play an important role in the highly warranted prevention of sarcopenic obesity in older adults. Although health technology seems to be a promising tool to stimulate changes in physical activity, exercise and dietary intake, studies on long lasting effects and specifically targeted on older people around the time of retirement are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Somaya Ben Allouch
- Digital Life Research Group, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industry, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joey van der Bie
- Digital Life Research Group, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industry, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yves Boirie
- University Clermont Auvergne, Human Nutrition Unit, INRA, CRNH Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Nutrition Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Doris Eglseer
- Department of Nursing Science, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Topinková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Bart Visser
- Faculty of Health, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amalia Tsagari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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84
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Lifelong Aerobic Exercise Alleviates Sarcopenia by Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting Protein Degradation via the AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050323. [PMID: 34069829 PMCID: PMC8157243 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an aging-induced syndrome characterized by a progressive reduction of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Increasing evidence has attested that appropriate and scientific exercise could induce autophagy or optimize the functional status of autophagy, which plays a critical role in senescent muscular dystrophy. As a publicly recognized strategy for extending lifespan and improving the health of the elderly, the underlying mechanisms of lifelong regular aerobic exercise for the prevention of sarcopenia have not been fully elucidated. To explore the role of lifelong aerobic exercise in the beneficial regulation of autophagic signaling pathways in senescent skeletal muscle, the natural aging mice were used as the sarcopenia model and subjected to lifelong treadmill running to evaluate corresponding parameters related to skeletal muscle atrophy and autophagic signaling pathways. Compared with the young control mice, the aged mice showed a significant reduction in skeletal muscle mass, gastrocnemius muscle weight/body weight (GMW/BW) ratio, and cross-sectional areas (CSA) of skeletal muscle fibers (p < 0.01). In contrast, lifelong aerobic exercise effectively rescued these reduced biomarkers associated with muscle atrophy. Moreover, as shown in the activated AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway, lifelong aerobic exercise successfully prevented the aging-induced impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), excessive apoptosis, defective autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The exercise-induced autophagy suppressed the key regulatory components of the UPS, inhibited excessive apoptosis, and optimized mitochondrial quality control, thereby preventing and delaying aging-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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85
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Exercise Training and Neuromuscular Parameters in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:748-756. [PMID: 33952708 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to systematically review the literature on the effects of physical training on neuromuscular parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were accessed in September 2020. Clinical trials that evaluated the effects of physical training on neuromuscular parameters (maximum strength, resistance strength, muscle power, muscle quality, and muscle thickness) of patients with T1DM compared with a control group were considered eligible. The results were presented as the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Effect size (ES) calculations were performed using the fixed effect method, with α = .05. RESULTS Combined training increased the maximum strength levels in individuals with T1DM to a lesser extent than in healthy individuals (ES: 0.363; P = .038). Strength training increased the maximum strength (ES: 1.067; P < .001), as well as combined training (ES: 0.943; P < .001); both compared with aerobic training in patients with T1DM. Strength training increased the maximum strength in a similar magnitude to combined training in patients with T1DM (ES: -0.114; P = .624). CONCLUSION Both combined training and strength training represent effective strategies for improving the maximum strength in individuals with T1DM.
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86
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Filippelli RL, Chang NC. Empowering Muscle Stem Cells for the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:641-654. [PMID: 33910206 DOI: 10.1159/000514305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating and debilitating muscle degenerative disease affecting 1 in every 3,500 male births worldwide. DMD is progressive and fatal; accumulated weakening of the muscle tissue leads to an inability to walk and eventual loss of life due to respiratory and cardiac failure. Importantly, there remains no effective cure for DMD. DMD is caused by defective expression of the DMD gene, which encodes for dystrophin, a component of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. In muscle fibers, this protein complex plays a critical role in maintaining muscle membrane integrity. Emerging studies have shown that muscle stem cells, which are adult stem cells responsible for muscle repair, are also affected in DMD. DMD muscle stem cells do not function as healthy muscle stem cells, and their impairment contributes to disease progression. Deficiencies in muscle stem cell function include impaired establishment of cell polarity leading to defective asymmetric stem cell division, reduced myogenic commitment, impaired differentiation, altered metabolism, and enhanced entry into senescence. Altogether, these findings indicate that DMD muscle stem cells are dysfunctional and have impaired regenerative potential. Although recent advances in adeno-associated vector and antisense oligonucleotide-mediated mechanisms for gene therapy have shown clinical promise, the current therapeutic strategies for muscular dystrophy do not effectively target muscle stem cells and do not address the deficiencies in muscle stem cell function. Here, we discuss the merits of restoring endogenous muscle stem cell function in degenerating muscle as a viable regenerative medicine strategy to mitigate DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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87
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Impact of physical activity on mitochondrial enzymes, muscle stem cell and anti-oxidant protein Sestrins in Sarcopenic mice. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111358. [PMID: 33872736 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. It is a major health issue in old age due to lack of understanding of the origin and molecular mechanism. Altered dietary pattern, sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity have shown adverse effect of skeletal muscle function. Sedentary behaviour and low protein intake have been well associated with sarcopenia. Here, we aim to develop Sarcopenia mimicking murine model to observe the physiological and biochemical changes with physical activity intervention. We also intended to find the association of muscle stem cells and stress induced protein Sestrins in the developed sarcopenic model. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were categorized into 4 groups: young-control (Y-Cntrl), aged-matched control (A-Cntrl), Sarcopenic-model (SAR-model) and Sarcopenic intervention group (SAR-INT) with physical exercises. SAR-model group was kept in a retrofitted confined cage for sedentary lifestyle and was fed with protein-restricted diet. Phenotypic assessment for body mass, grip strength and functional endurance was analysed to confirm the sarcopenic state. Mitochondrial enzymatic assessment, muscle stem cell (MuSCs) proliferation potential and protein quantification of Sestrins expression were performed by enzyme histochemistry, flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively. SAR-model group was given 10 weeks physical activity intervention to assess the physiological and biochemical changes. RESULTS Simultaneous implementation of physical inactivity by sedentary confinement and protein restricted diet led the animals to exhibit the features of sarcopenia. SAR-model group showed a decline of 8.6% (p < 0.0001) in the body weight assessment, 32% decline (p < 0.0001) in the grip strength, 28% increase in time elapsed (p < 0.0001) indicating decline in functional performance. Mitochondrial enzymes (ATPase, NADH-TR and SDH/COX) assessment exhibited low expression in SAR-model group. Ki67 positive muscle stem cell declines around 50% in the model group. SPR quantification of Sestrin 2 showed a decline of 14% which significantly improved to 28% upon physical activity intervention (p = 0.0025) in SAR-INT group. CONCLUSION It can be summarized that the mouse model generated in the present study mimics the feature of human Sarcopenia. Physical activity intervention may improve the sarcopenic status via modulation of Sestrin 2 which can serve as potential molecule for therapeutic implication.
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Hyatt HW, Powers SK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is a Common Denominator Linking Skeletal Muscle Wasting Due to Disease, Aging, and Prolonged Inactivity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040588. [PMID: 33920468 PMCID: PMC8070615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the body and is required for numerous vital functions, including breathing and locomotion. Notably, deterioration of skeletal muscle mass is also highly correlated to mortality in patients suffering from chronic diseases (e.g., cancer). Numerous conditions can promote skeletal muscle wasting, including several chronic diseases, cancer chemotherapy, aging, and prolonged inactivity. Although the mechanisms responsible for this loss of muscle mass is multifactorial, mitochondrial dysfunction is predicted to be a major contributor to muscle wasting in various conditions. This systematic review will highlight the biochemical pathways that have been shown to link mitochondrial dysfunction to skeletal muscle wasting. Importantly, we will discuss the experimental evidence that connects mitochondrial dysfunction to muscle wasting in specific diseases (i.e., cancer and sepsis), aging, cancer chemotherapy, and prolonged muscle inactivity (e.g., limb immobilization). Finally, in hopes of stimulating future research, we conclude with a discussion of important future directions for research in the field of muscle wasting.
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89
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Doblado L, Lueck C, Rey C, Samhan-Arias AK, Prieto I, Stacchiotti A, Monsalve M. Mitophagy in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083903. [PMID: 33918863 PMCID: PMC8069949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process, essential for cellular homeostasis, that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria. Activated by inner membrane depolarization, it plays an important role during development and is fundamental in highly differentiated post-mitotic cells that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism, such as neurons, muscle cells, and hepatocytes. Both defective and excessive mitophagy have been proposed to contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, metabolic diseases, vascular complications of diabetes, myocardial injury, muscle dystrophy, and liver disease, among others. Pharmacological or dietary interventions that restore mitophagy homeostasis and facilitate the elimination of irreversibly damaged mitochondria, thus, could serve as potential therapies in several chronic diseases. However, despite extraordinary advances in this field, mainly derived from in vitro and preclinical animal models, human applications based on the regulation of mitochondrial quality in patients have not yet been approved. In this review, we summarize the key selective mitochondrial autophagy pathways and their role in prevalent chronic human diseases and highlight the potential use of specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doblado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Lueck
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Rey
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Isaac Peral 42, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
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Peng Y, Li J, Luo D, Zhang S, Li S, Wang D, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang X, Sun C, Gao X, Hui Y, He R. Muscle atrophy induced by overexpression of ALAS2 is related to muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:9. [PMID: 33785075 PMCID: PMC8008657 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALAS2 (delta-aminolevulinate synthase 2) is one of the two isoenzymes catalyzing the synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which is the first precursor of heme synthesis. ALAS2-overexpressing transgenic mice (Tg mice) showed syndrome of porphyria, a series of diseases related to the heme anabolism deficiency. Tg mice showed an obvious decrease in muscle size. Muscle atrophy results from a decrease in protein synthesis and an increase in protein degradation, which ultimately leads to a decrease in myofiber size due to loss of contractile proteins, organelles, nuclei, and cytoplasm. METHODS The forelimb muscle grip strength of age-matched ALAS-2 transgenic mice (Tg mice) and wild-type mice (WT mice) were measured with an automated grip strength meter. The activities of serum LDH and CK-MB were measured by Modular DPP. The histology of skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius) was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscope. Real-time PCR was used to detect mtDNA content and UCP3 mRNA expression. Evans blue dye staining was used to detect the membrane damage of the muscle fiber. Single skeletal muscle fiber diameter was measured by single-fiber analyses. Muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were detected by a luminometric assay with an ATP assay kit. RESULTS Compared with WT mice, the strength of forelimb muscle and mass of gastrocnemius were decreased in Tg mice. The activities of serum CK-MB and LDH, the number of central nuclei fibers, and Evans blue positive fibers were more than those in WT mice, while the diameter of single fibers was smaller, which were associated with suppressed expression levels of MHC, myoD1, dystrophin, atrogin1, and MuRF1. Re-expression of eMyHC was only showed in the quadriceps of Tg mice, but not in WT mice. Muscle mitochondria in Tg mice showed dysfunction with descented ATP production and mtDNA content, downregulated UCP3 mRNA expression, and swelling of mitochondria. CONCLUSION ALAS2 overexpressing-transgenic mice (Tg mice) showed muscle dystrophy, which was associated with decreased atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, and closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-through Molecular Diagnostic Technology, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Zhujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China
| | - Yang Hui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 150086, China.
| | - Rongzhang He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-through Molecular Diagnostic Technology, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, China. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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91
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Chang J, Yan J, Li X, Liu N, Zheng R, Zhong Y. Update on the Mechanisms of Tubular Cell Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:661076. [PMID: 33859992 PMCID: PMC8042139 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.661076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role of proximal tubular (PT) injury in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), in patients with or without proteinuria. Research on the mechanisms of the PT injury in DKD could help us to identify potential new biomarkers and drug targets for DKD. A high glucose transport state and mismatched local hypoxia in the PT of diabetes patients may be the initiating factors causing PT injury. Other mechanism such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, ER stress, and deficiency of autophagy interact with each other leading to more PT injury by forming a vicious circle. PT injury eventually leads to the development of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. Many downstream signaling pathways have been demonstrated to mediate these diseased processes. This review focuses mostly on the novel mechanisms of proximal renal tubular injury in DKD and we believe such review could help us to better understand the pathogenesis of DKD and identify potential new therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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92
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Exercise-A Panacea of Metabolic Dysregulation in Cancer: Physiological and Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073469. [PMID: 33801684 PMCID: PMC8037630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a comorbidity of many types of cancers. Disruption of glucose metabolism is of concern, as it is associated with higher cancer recurrence rates and reduced survival. Current evidence suggests many health benefits from exercise during and after cancer treatment, yet only a limited number of studies have addressed the effect of exercise on cancer-associated disruption of metabolism. In this review, we draw on studies in cells, rodents, and humans to describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in cancer and the tissues involved. We discuss how the known effects of acute exercise and exercise training observed in healthy subjects could have a positive outcome on mechanisms in people with cancer, namely: insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cachexia. Finally, we compile the current limited knowledge of how exercise corrects metabolic control in cancer and identify unanswered questions for future research.
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93
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Kim KW, Baek MO, Yoon MS, Son KH. Deterioration of mitochondrial function in the human intercostal muscles differs among individuals with sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2697-2706. [PMID: 33933735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenic obesity (SO) increases the risk of mortality more than sarcopenia or obesity alone. Sarcopenia weakens the peripheral and respiratory muscles, leading to respiratory complications. It also induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the peripheral muscle; however, whether mitochondrial dysfunction in respiratory muscles differs among individuals with obesity, sarcopenia, and SO remains unknown. We evaluated the deterioration of respiratory muscle strength and mitochondrial function among normal, sarcopenia, obesity, and SO subjects. METHODS Twenty-five patients who underwent lung resections were enrolled between April 2017 and January 2021, and their intercostal muscles were harvested. Based on their L3 muscle index and visceral fat area, the patients were divided into four groups (normal, obesity, sarcopenia, and SO). The clinical data, mRNA expression, and protein expressions associated with mitochondrial biogenesis/fusion/fission in the intercostal muscles were compared among the four groups. RESULTS The respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). The PEFR values of the four groups were not significantly different. The levels of pAkt/Akt and mTOR (a marker of protein synthesis) were not significantly different among the four groups; however, those in the SO group were substantially lower than those in the sarcopenia or obesity groups. The levels of Atrogen-1 and MuRF1 (a marker of protein degradation) were not significantly different among the four groups; however, those in the SO group were substantially higher than those in the sarcopenia or obesity groups. Expression of PGC1-α (a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis) in the SO group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. MFN1 and MFN2 (marker of mitochondrial fusion) levels were significantly lower in the SO group than those in the normal group. DRP1 (a marker of mitochondrial fission) level in the SO group was substantially lower than that in the normal group. The expression of TNF-α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) in the SO group was substantially lower than that in the normal group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the deterioration of protein synthesis and degradation of mitochondrial function in the respiratory muscles was most prominent in the SO before the weakening of the respiratory muscles. The deterioration mechanism may differentially regulate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, South Korea.
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94
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Vangrieken P, Al-Nasiry S, Bast A, Leermakers PA, Tulen CBM, Schiffers PMH, van Schooten FJ, Remels AHV. Placental Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2186-2199. [PMID: 33523425 PMCID: PMC8289780 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia complicates 5–8% of all pregnancies worldwide, and although its pathophysiology remains obscure, placental oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities are considered to play a key role. Mitochondrial abnormalities in preeclamptic placentae have been described, but the extent to which mitochondrial content and the molecular pathways controlling this (mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy) are affected in preeclamptic placentae is unknown. Therefore, in preeclamptic (n = 12) and control (n = 11) placentae, we comprehensively assessed multiple indices of placental antioxidant status, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial fusion and fission. In addition, we also explored gene expression profiles related to inflammation and apoptosis. Preeclamptic placentae were characterized by higher levels of oxidized glutathione, a higher total antioxidant capacity, and higher mRNA levels of the mitochondrial-located antioxidant enzyme manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase 2 compared to controls. Furthermore, mitochondrial content was significantly lower in preeclamptic placentae, which was accompanied by an increased abundance of key constituents of glycolysis. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels of key molecules involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis were lower in preeclamptic placentae, while the abundance of constituents of the mitophagy, autophagy, and mitochondrial fission machinery was higher compared to controls. In addition, we found evidence for activation of apoptosis and inflammation in preeclamptic placentae. This study is the first to comprehensively demonstrate abnormalities at the level of the mitochondrion and the molecular pathways controlling mitochondrial content/function in preeclamptic placentae. These aberrations may well contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by upregulating placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vangrieken
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Leermakers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christy B M Tulen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M H Schiffers
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex H V Remels
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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95
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Bass JJ, Kazi AA, Deane CS, Nakhuda A, Ashcroft SP, Brook MS, Wilkinson DJ, Phillips BE, Philp A, Tarum J, Kadi F, Andersen D, Garcia AM, Smith K, Gallagher IJ, Szewczyk NJ, Cleasby ME, Atherton PJ. The mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in response to transient knockdown of the vitamin D receptor in vivo. J Physiol 2021; 599:963-979. [PMID: 33258480 PMCID: PMC7986223 DOI: 10.1113/jp280652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Reduced vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression prompts skeletal muscle atrophy. Atrophy occurs through catabolic processes, namely the induction of autophagy, while anabolism remains unchanged. In response to VDR-knockdown mitochondrial function and related gene-set expression is impaired. In vitro VDR knockdown induces myogenic dysregulation occurring through impaired differentiation. These results highlight the autonomous role the VDR has within skeletal muscle mass regulation. ABSTRACT Vitamin D deficiency is estimated to affect ∼40% of the world's population and has been associated with impaired muscle maintenance. Vitamin D exerts its actions through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), the expression of which was recently confirmed in skeletal muscle, and its down-regulation is linked to reduced muscle mass and functional decline. To identify potential mechanisms underlying muscle atrophy, we studied the impact of VDR knockdown (KD) on mature skeletal muscle in vivo, and myogenic regulation in vitro in C2C12 cells. Male Wistar rats underwent in vivo electrotransfer (IVE) to knock down the VDR in hind-limb tibialis anterior (TA) muscle for 10 days. Comprehensive metabolic and physiological analysis was undertaken to define the influence loss of the VDR on muscle fibre composition, protein synthesis, anabolic and catabolic signalling, mitochondrial phenotype and gene expression. Finally, in vitro lentiviral transfection was used to induce sustained VDR-KD in C2C12 cells to analyse myogenic regulation. Muscle VDR-KD elicited atrophy through a reduction in total protein content, resulting in lower myofibre area. Activation of autophagic processes was observed, with no effect upon muscle protein synthesis or anabolic signalling. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis identified systematic down-regulation of multiple mitochondrial respiration-related protein and genesets. Finally, in vitro VDR-knockdown impaired myogenesis (cell cycling, differentiation and myotube formation). Together, these data indicate a fundamental regulatory role of the VDR in the regulation of myogenesis and muscle mass, whereby it acts to maintain muscle mitochondrial function and limit autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Bass
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Abid A. Kazi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyPennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA
| | - Colleen S. Deane
- Department of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- Living Systems InstituteUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Asif Nakhuda
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Stephen P. Ashcroft
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Matthew S. Brook
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Daniel J. Wilkinson
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Andrew Philp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Mitochondrial Metabolism & Ageing Laboratory, Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchNew South WalesAustralia
- St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSWSydneyAustralia
| | - Janelle Tarum
- School of Health SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Ditte Andersen
- Molecular Physiology of Diabetes LaboratoryDepartment of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Amadeo Muñoz Garcia
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchThe University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Department of Bioinformatics – BiGCaTNUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational ResearchMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ken Smith
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Iain J. Gallagher
- Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research GroupFaculty of Health Sciences and SportUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Mark E. Cleasby
- Molecular Physiology of Diabetes LaboratoryDepartment of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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96
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Zhang Z, Nam HK, Crouch S, Hatch NE. Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Function in Bone and Muscle Progenitor Cells: Control of Mitochondrial Respiration and ATP Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031140. [PMID: 33498907 PMCID: PMC7865776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP/Alpl) is associated with cell stemness; however, the function of TNAP in mesenchymal progenitor cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to establish an essential role for TNAP in bone and muscle progenitor cells. We investigated the impact of TNAP deficiency on bone formation, mineralization, and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. We also pursued studies of proliferation, mitochondrial function and ATP levels in TNAP deficient bone and muscle progenitor cells. We find that TNAP deficiency decreases trabecular bone volume fraction and trabeculation in addition to decreased mineralization. We also find that Alpl−/− mice (global TNAP knockout mice) exhibit muscle and motor coordination deficiencies similar to those found in individuals with hypophosphatasia (TNAP deficiency). Subsequent studies demonstrate diminished proliferation, with mitochondrial hyperfunction and increased ATP levels in TNAP deficient bone and muscle progenitor cells, plus intracellular expression of TNAP in TNAP+ cranial osteoprogenitors, bone marrow stromal cells, and skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Together, our results indicate that TNAP functions inside bone and muscle progenitor cells to influence mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. Future studies are required to establish mechanisms by which TNAP influences mitochondrial function and determine if modulation of TNAP can alter mitochondrial respiration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA;
| | - Hwa Kyung Nam
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; (H.K.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Spencer Crouch
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; (H.K.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Nan E. Hatch
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; (H.K.N.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-764-6567
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97
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Peris-Moreno D, Cussonneau L, Combaret L, Polge C, Taillandier D. Ubiquitin Ligases at the Heart of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Control. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020407. [PMID: 33466753 PMCID: PMC7829870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle loss is a detrimental side-effect of numerous chronic diseases that dramatically increases mortality and morbidity. The alteration of protein homeostasis is generally due to increased protein breakdown while, protein synthesis may also be down-regulated. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a master regulator of skeletal muscle that impacts muscle contractile properties and metabolism through multiple levers like signaling pathways, contractile apparatus degradation, etc. Among the different actors of the UPS, the E3 ubiquitin ligases specifically target key proteins for either degradation or activity modulation, thus controlling both pro-anabolic or pro-catabolic factors. The atrogenes MuRF1/TRIM63 and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 encode for key E3 ligases that target contractile proteins and key actors of protein synthesis respectively. However, several other E3 ligases are involved upstream in the atrophy program, from signal transduction control to modulation of energy balance. Controlling E3 ligases activity is thus a tempting approach for preserving muscle mass. While indirect modulation of E3 ligases may prove beneficial in some situations of muscle atrophy, some drugs directly inhibiting their activity have started to appear. This review summarizes the main signaling pathways involved in muscle atrophy and the E3 ligases implicated, but also the molecules potentially usable for future therapies.
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98
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Mitochondrial Impairment in Sarcopenia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010031. [PMID: 33418869 PMCID: PMC7825073 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the age-related loss of skeletal muscle quality, which relies on mitochondrial homeostasis. During aging, several mitochondrial features such as bioenergetics, dynamics, biogenesis, and selective autophagy (mitophagy) are altered and impinge on protein homeostasis, resulting in loss of muscle mass and function. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes significantly to the complex pathogenesis of sarcopenia, and mitochondria are indicated as potential targets to prevent and treat this age-related condition. After a concise presentation of the age-related modifications in skeletal muscle quality and mitochondrial homeostasis, the present review summarizes the most relevant findings related to mitochondrial alterations in sarcopenia.
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99
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The Interplay between Mitochondrial Morphology and Myomitokines in Aging Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010091. [PMID: 33374852 PMCID: PMC7796142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a chronic disease characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, force, and function during aging. It is an emerging public problem associated with poor quality of life, disability, frailty, and high mortality. A decline in mitochondria quality control pathways constitutes a major mechanism driving aging sarcopenia, causing abnormal organelle accumulation over a lifetime. The resulting mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenic muscles feedbacks systemically by releasing the myomitokines fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), influencing the whole-body homeostasis and dictating healthy or unhealthy aging. This review describes the principal pathways controlling mitochondrial quality, many of which are potential therapeutic targets against muscle aging, and the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and the myomitokines FGF21 and GDF15 in the pathogenesis of aging sarcopenia.
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100
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Palla AR, Ravichandran M, Wang YX, Alexandrova L, Yang AV, Kraft P, Holbrook CA, Schürch CM, Ho ATV, Blau HM. Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength. Science 2020; 371:science.abc8059. [PMID: 33303683 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatments are lacking for sarcopenia, a debilitating age-related skeletal muscle wasting syndrome. We identifed increased amounts of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-degrading enzyme, as a hallmark of aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. The consequent reduction in PGE2 signaling contributed to muscle atrophy in aged mice and results from 15-PGDH-expressing myofibers and interstitial cells, such as macrophages, within muscle. Overexpression of 15-PGDH in young muscles induced atrophy. Inhibition of 15-PGDH, by targeted genetic depletion or a small-molecule inhibitor, increased aged muscle mass, strength, and exercise performance. These benefits arise from a physiological increase in PGE2 concentrations, which augmented mitochondrial function and autophagy and decreased transforming growth factor-β signaling and activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Thus, PGE2 signaling ameliorates muscle atrophy and rejuvenates muscle function, and 15-PGDH may be a suitable therapeutic target for countering sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Palla
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Ravichandran
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y X Wang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L Alexandrova
- Vincent Coates Foundation Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A V Yang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P Kraft
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C A Holbrook
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C M Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Nolan Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A T V Ho
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H M Blau
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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