51
|
Biodiversity of Endophytic Fungi from Diverse Niches and Their Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCES IN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03589-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
52
|
Ludwig Y, Slamet-Loedin IH. Genetic Biofortification to Enrich Rice and Wheat Grain Iron: From Genes to Product. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:833. [PMID: 31379889 PMCID: PMC6646660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The micronutrient iron (Fe) is not only essential for plant survival and proliferation but also crucial for healthy human growth and development. Rice and wheat are the two leading staples globally; unfortunately, popular rice and wheat cultivars only have a minuscule amount of Fe content and mainly present in the outer bran layers. Unavailability of considerable Fe-rich rice and wheat germplasms limits the potential of conventional breeding to develop this micronutrient trait in both staples. Agronomic biofortification, defined as soil and foliar fertilizer application, has potential but remains quite challenging to improve grain Fe to the significant level. In contrast, recent accomplishments in genetic biofortification can help to develop Fe-enriched cereal grains to sustainably address the problem of "hidden hunger" when the roadmap from proof of concept to product and adoption can be achieved. Here, we highlight the different genetic biofortification strategies for rice and wheat and path to develop a product.
Collapse
|
53
|
Strobbe S, De Lepeleire J, Van Der Straeten D. From in planta Function to Vitamin-Rich Food Crops: The ACE of Biofortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1862. [PMID: 30619424 PMCID: PMC6305313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans are highly dependent on plants to reach their dietary requirements, as plant products contribute both to energy and essential nutrients. For many decades, plant breeders have been able to gradually increase yields of several staple crops, thereby alleviating nutritional needs with varying degrees of success. However, many staple crops such as rice, wheat and corn, although delivering sufficient calories, fail to satisfy micronutrient demands, causing the so called 'hidden hunger.' Biofortification, the process of augmenting nutritional quality of food through the use of agricultural methodologies, is a pivotal asset in the fight against micronutrient malnutrition, mainly due to vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Several technical advances have led to recent breakthroughs. Nutritional genomics has come to fruition based on marker-assisted breeding enabling rapid identification of micronutrient related quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the germplasm of interest. As a complement to these breeding techniques, metabolic engineering approaches, relying on a continuously growing fundamental knowledge of plant metabolism, are able to overcome some of the inevitable pitfalls of breeding. Alteration of micronutrient levels does also require fundamental knowledge about their role and influence on plant growth and development. This review focuses on our knowledge about provitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin C (ascorbate) and the vitamin E group (tocochromanols). We begin by providing an overview of the functions of these vitamins in planta, followed by highlighting some of the achievements in the nutritional enhancement of food crops via conventional breeding and genetic modification, concluding with an evaluation of the need for such biofortification interventions. The review further elaborates on the vast potential of creating nutritionally enhanced crops through multi-pathway engineering and the synergistic potential of conventional breeding in combination with genetic engineering, including the impact of novel genome editing technologies.
Collapse
|
54
|
Suman J, Uhlik O, Viktorova J, Macek T. Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals: A Promising Tool for Clean-Up of Polluted Environment? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1476. [PMID: 30459775 PMCID: PMC6232834 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by heavy metals (HM) represents a serious threat for both the environment and human health. Due to their elemental character, HM cannot be chemically degraded, and their detoxification in the environment mostly resides either in stabilization in situ or in their removal from the matrix, e.g., soil. For this purpose, phytoremediation, i.e., the application of plants for the restoration of a polluted environment, has been proposed as a promising green alternative to traditional physical and chemical methods. Among the phytoremediation techniques, phytoextraction refers to the removal of HM from the matrix through their uptake by a plant. It possesses considerable advantages over traditional techniques, especially due to its cost effectiveness, potential treatment of multiple HM simultaneously, no need for the excavation of contaminated soil, good acceptance by the public, the possibility of follow-up processing of the biomass produced, etc. In this review, we focused on three basic HM phytoextraction strategies that differ in the type of plant species being employed: natural hyperaccumulators, fast-growing plant species with high-biomass production and, potentially, plants genetically engineered toward a phenotype that favors efficient HM uptake and boosted HM tolerance. Considerable knowledge on the applicability of plants for HM phytoextraction has been gathered to date from both lab-scale studies performed under controlled model conditions and field trials using real environmental conditions. Based on this knowledge, many specific applications of plants for the remediation of HM-polluted soils have been proposed. Such studies often also include suggestions for the further processing of HM-contaminated biomass, therefore providing an added economical value. Based on the examples presented here, we recommend that intensive research be performed on the selection of appropriate plant taxa for various sets of conditions, environmental risk assessment, the fate of HM-enriched biomass, economical aspects of the process, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jachym Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Kumar A, Kaur G, Goel P, Bhati KK, Kaur M, Shukla V, Pandey AK. Genome-wide analysis of oligopeptide transporters and detailed characterization of yellow stripe transporter genes in hexaploid wheat. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 19:75-90. [PMID: 30120602 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oligopeptide transporters (OPT) are integral cell membrane proteins that play a critical role in the transport of small peptides, secondary amino acids, glutathione conjugates, and mineral uptake. In the present study, 67 putative wheat yellow stripe-like transporter (YSL) proteins belonging to the subfamily of OPT transporters were identified. Phylogeny analysis resulted in the distribution of wheat YSLs into four discrete clades. The highest number of YSLs was present on the A genome and the chromosome 2 of hexaploid wheat. The identified wheat YSL genes showed differential expression in different tissues and during grain development suggesting the importance of this subfamily. Gene expression pattern of TaYSLs during iron starvation experiments suggested an early high transcript accumulation of TaYS1A, TaYS1B, TaYSL3, TaYSL5, and TaYSL6 in roots. In contrast, delayed expression was observed in shoots for TaYS1A, TaYS1B, TaYSL5, TaYSL12, and TaYSL19 as compared to control. Further, their expression under biotic and abiotic response emphasized their alternative functions during the plant growth and development. In conclusion, this work is the first comprehensive study of wheat YSL transporters and would be an important resource for prioritizing genes towards wheat biofortification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gazaldeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parul Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Kaushal Kumar Bhati
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, PLEN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej, 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishnu Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Anderson AJ, McLean JE, Jacobson AR, Britt DW. CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles Modify Interkingdom Cell Signaling Processes Relevant to Crop Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6513-6524. [PMID: 28481096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the world population increases, strategies for sustainable agriculture are needed to fulfill the global need for plants for food and other commercial products. Nanoparticle formulations are likely to be part of the developing strategies. CuO and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) offer potential as fertilizers, as they provide bioavailable essential metals, and as pesticides, because of dose-dependent toxicity. Effects of these metal oxide NPs on rhizosphere functions are the focus of this review. These NPs at doses of ≥10 mg metal/kg change the production of key metabolites involved in plant protection in a root-associated microbe, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. Altered synthesis occurs in the microbe for phenazines, which function in plant resistance to pathogens, the pyoverdine-like siderophore that enhances Fe bioavailability in the rhizosphere and indole-3-acetic acid affecting plant growth. In wheat seedlings, reprogramming of root morphology involves increases in root hair proliferation (CuO NPs) and lateral root formation (ZnO NPs). Systemic changes in wheat shoot gene expression point to altered regulation for metal stress resilience as well as the potential for enhanced survival under stress commonly encountered in the field. These responses to the NPs cross kingdoms involving the bacteria, fungi, and plants in the rhizosphere. Our challenge is to learn how to understand the value of these potential changes and successfully formulate the NPs for optimal activity in the rhizosphere of crop plants. These formulations may be integrated into developing practices to ensure the sustainability of crop production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Anderson
- Department of Biology , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-5305 , United States
| | - Joan E McLean
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah Water Research Laboratory , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-8200 , United States
| | - Astrid R Jacobson
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-4820 , United States
| | - David W Britt
- Department of Bioengineering , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-4105 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ramireddy E, Hosseini SA, Eggert K, Gillandt S, Gnad H, von Wirén N, Schmülling T. Root Engineering in Barley: Increasing Cytokinin Degradation Produces a Larger Root System, Mineral Enrichment in the Shoot and Improved Drought Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1078-1095. [PMID: 29871980 PMCID: PMC6052998 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Root size and architecture are important crop plant traits, as they determine access to water and soil nutrients. The plant hormone cytokinin is a negative regulator of root growth and branching. Here, we generated transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants with an enlarged root system by enhancing cytokinin degradation in roots to explore the potential of cytokinin modulations in improving root functions. This was achieved through root-specific expression of a CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE gene. Enhanced biomass allocation to roots did not penalize shoot growth or seed yield, indicating that these plants were not source limited. In leaves of transgenic lines, the concentrations of several macroelements and microelements were increased, particularly those with low soil mobility (phosphorus, manganese, and zinc). Importantly, seeds contained up to 44% more zinc, which is beneficial for human nutrition. Transgenic lines also demonstrated dampened stress responses to long-term drought conditions, indicating lower drought sensitivity. Taken together, this work demonstrates that root engineering of cereals is a promising strategy to improve nutrient efficiency, biofortification, and drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eswarayya Ramireddy
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Biology Division, Tirupati-517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seyed A Hosseini
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Sabine Gillandt
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Gnad
- Saaten-Union Biotec, D-06466 Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Hellemans T, Landschoot S, Dewitte K, Van Bockstaele F, Vermeir P, Eeckhout M, Haesaert G. Impact of Crop Husbandry Practices and Environmental Conditions on Wheat Composition and Quality: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2491-2509. [PMID: 29488761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest in the production of bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) with specific quality traits requires a shift from the current breeding goal, being yield, to improved compositional and, consequently, functional traits. Since wheat is a key food crop, this must be attained while maintaining or even further increasing yield. Furthermore, as compositional requirements for specific applications are not well-defined, both protein and gluten content as well as the enzymatic activity remain most important. Given that these traits are majorly impacted by both genotype and environment, it is very complex to predict and ultimately control them. Different strategies, such as applying optimized agronomic practices, can temper these uncontrollable determinants which are equally important to steer wheat quality. As current research on their contribution to specific traits is highly fragmented, this report provides a comprehensive review of the influence of crop husbandry and environmental conditions on wheat yield and composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hellemans
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 , BE-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - S Landschoot
- Department of Data-Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , BE-9000 Ghent , Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Diepestraat 1 , BE-9820 Bottelare , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - K Dewitte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Diepestraat 1 , BE-9820 Bottelare , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - F Van Bockstaele
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 , BE-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - P Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 , BE-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - M Eeckhout
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1 , BE-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - G Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Diepestraat 1 , BE-9820 Bottelare , Merelbeke , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Alvarez JB, Guzmán C. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization as a source of variation for wheat grain quality improvement. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:225-251. [PMID: 29285597 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-3042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The hybridization events with wild relatives and old varieties are an alternative source for enlarging the wheat quality variability. This review describes these process and their effects on the technological and nutritional quality. Wheat quality and its end-uses are mainly based on variation in three traits: grain hardness, gluten quality and starch. In recent times, the importance of nutritional quality and health-related aspects has increased the range of these traits with the inclusion of other grain components such as vitamins, fibre and micronutrients. One option to enlarge the genetic variability in wheat for all these components has been the use of wild relatives, together with underutilised or neglected wheat varieties or species. In the current review, we summarise the role of each grain component in relation to grain quality, their variation in modern wheat and the alternative sources in which wheat breeders have found novel variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Alvarez
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Carlos Guzmán
- CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, C.P. 56130, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Menguer PK, Vincent T, Miller AJ, Brown JK, Vincze E, Borg S, Holm PB, Sanders D, Podar D. Improving zinc accumulation in cereal endosperm using HvMTP1, a transition metal transporter. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:63-71. [PMID: 28436146 PMCID: PMC5785336 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is essential for all life forms, including humans. It is estimated that around two billion people are deficient in their Zn intake. Human dietary Zn intake relies heavily on plants, which in many developing countries consists mainly of cereals. The inner part of cereal grain, the endosperm, is the part that is eaten after milling but contains only a quarter of the total grain Zn. Here, we present results demonstrating that endosperm Zn content can be enhanced through expression of a transporter responsible for vacuolar Zn accumulation in cereals. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) vacuolar Zn transporter HvMTP1 was expressed under the control of the endosperm-specific D-hordein promoter. Transformed plants exhibited no significant change in growth but had higher total grain Zn concentration, as measured by ICP-OES, compared to parental controls. Compared with Zn, transformants had smaller increases in concentrations of Cu and Mn but not Fe. Staining grain cross sections with the Zn-specific stain DTZ revealed a significant enhancement of Zn accumulation in the endosperm of two of three transformed lines, a result confirmed by ICP-OES in the endosperm of dissected grain. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis of longitudinal grain sections demonstrated a redistribution of grain Zn from aleurone to endosperm. We argue that this proof-of-principle study provides the basis of a strategy for biofortification of cereal endosperm with Zn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eva Vincze
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsFaculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
| | - Søren Borg
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsFaculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
| | - Preben Bach Holm
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsFaculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
| | - Dale Sanders
- The John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Dorina Podar
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Faculty of Biology and Geology and Institute of BionanotechnologyBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Alomari DZ, Eggert K, von Wirén N, Alqudah AM, Polley A, Plieske J, Ganal MW, Pillen K, Röder MS. Identifying Candidate Genes for Enhancing Grain Zn Concentration in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1313. [PMID: 30271416 PMCID: PMC6143079 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major staple food crops worldwide. Despite efforts in improving wheat quality, micronutrient levels are still below the optimal range for human nutrition. In particular, zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread problem in human nutrition in countries relying mainly on a cereal diet; hence improving Zn accumulation in grains is an imperative need. This study was designed to understand the genetic architecture of Zn grain concentrations in wheat grains. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for grain Zn concentrations in 369 European wheat genotypes, using field data from 3 years. The complete wheat panel was genotyped by high-density arrays of single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers (90k iSELECT Infinium and 35k Affymetrix arrays) resulting in 15,523 polymorphic markers. Additionally, a subpanel of 183 genotypes was analyzed with a novel 135k Affymetrix marker array resulting in 28,710 polymorphic SNPs for high-resolution mapping of the potential genomic regions. The mean grain Zn concentration of the genotypes ranged from 25.05-52.67 μg g-1 dry weight across years with a moderate heritability value. Notably, 40 marker-trait associations (MTAs) were detected in the complete panel of varieties on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6D, 7A, 7B, and 7D. The number of MTAs in the subpanel was increased to 161 MTAs whereas the most significant and consistent associations were located on chromosomes 3B (723,504,241-723,611,488 bp) and 5A (462,763,758-466,582,184 bp) having major effects. These genomic regions include newly identified putative candidate genes, which are related to Zn uptake and transport or represent bZIP and mitogen-activated protein kinase genes. These findings provide the basis for understanding the genetic background of Zn concentration in wheat grains that in turn may help breeders to select high Zn-containing genotypes to improve human health and grain quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Z. Alomari
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dalia Z. Alomari, ;
| | - Kai Eggert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ahmad M. Alqudah
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Klaus Pillen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marion S. Röder
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Alomari DZ, Eggert K, von Wirén N, Alqudah AM, Polley A, Plieske J, Ganal MW, Pillen K, Röder MS. Identifying Candidate Genes for Enhancing Grain Zn Concentration in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1313. [PMID: 30271416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major staple food crops worldwide. Despite efforts in improving wheat quality, micronutrient levels are still below the optimal range for human nutrition. In particular, zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread problem in human nutrition in countries relying mainly on a cereal diet; hence improving Zn accumulation in grains is an imperative need. This study was designed to understand the genetic architecture of Zn grain concentrations in wheat grains. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for grain Zn concentrations in 369 European wheat genotypes, using field data from 3 years. The complete wheat panel was genotyped by high-density arrays of single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers (90k iSELECT Infinium and 35k Affymetrix arrays) resulting in 15,523 polymorphic markers. Additionally, a subpanel of 183 genotypes was analyzed with a novel 135k Affymetrix marker array resulting in 28,710 polymorphic SNPs for high-resolution mapping of the potential genomic regions. The mean grain Zn concentration of the genotypes ranged from 25.05-52.67 μg g-1 dry weight across years with a moderate heritability value. Notably, 40 marker-trait associations (MTAs) were detected in the complete panel of varieties on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6D, 7A, 7B, and 7D. The number of MTAs in the subpanel was increased to 161 MTAs whereas the most significant and consistent associations were located on chromosomes 3B (723,504,241-723,611,488 bp) and 5A (462,763,758-466,582,184 bp) having major effects. These genomic regions include newly identified putative candidate genes, which are related to Zn uptake and transport or represent bZIP and mitogen-activated protein kinase genes. These findings provide the basis for understanding the genetic background of Zn concentration in wheat grains that in turn may help breeders to select high Zn-containing genotypes to improve human health and grain quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Z Alomari
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ahmad M Alqudah
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Klaus Pillen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marion S Röder
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Detection of quantitative trait loci controlling grain zinc concentration using Australian wild rice, Oryza meridionalis, a potential genetic resource for biofortification of rice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187224. [PMID: 29077764 PMCID: PMC5659790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the essential mineral elements for both plants and humans. Zn deficiency in human is one of the major causes of hidden hunger, a serious health problem observed in many developing countries. Therefore, increasing Zn concentration in edible part is an important issue for improving human Zn nutrition. Here, we found that an Australian wild rice O. meridionalis showed higher grain Zn concentrations compared with cultivated and other wild rice species. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was then performed to identify the genomic regions controlling grain Zn levels using backcross recombinant inbred lines derived from O. sativa 'Nipponbare' and O. meridionalis W1627. Four QTLs responsible for high grain Zn were detected on chromosomes 2, 9, and 10. The QTL on the chromosome 9 (named qGZn9), which showed the largest effect on grain Zn concentration was confirmed with the introgression line, which had a W1627 chromosomal segment covering the qGZn9 region in the genetic background of O. sativa 'Nipponbare'. Fine mapping of this QTL resulted in identification of two tightly linked loci, qGZn9a and qGZn9b. The candidate regions of qGZn9a and qGZn9b were estimated to be 190 and 950 kb, respectively. Furthermore, we also found that plants having a wild chromosomal segment covering qGZn9a, but not qGZn9b, is associated with fertility reduction. qGZn9b, therefore, provides a valuable allele for breeding rice with high Zn in the grains.
Collapse
|
64
|
Establishing integrated agriculture-nutrition programmes to diversify household food and diets in rural India. Food Secur 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-017-0721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
65
|
Connorton JM, Jones ER, Rodríguez-Ramiro I, Fairweather-Tait S, Uauy C, Balk J. Wheat Vacuolar Iron Transporter TaVIT2 Transports Fe and Mn and Is Effective for Biofortification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:2434-2444. [PMID: 28684433 PMCID: PMC5543970 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the intrinsic nutritional quality of crops, known as biofortification, is viewed as a sustainable approach to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies. In particular, iron deficiency anemia is a major global health issue, but the iron content of staple crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) is difficult to change because of genetic complexity and homeostasis mechanisms. To identify target genes for the biofortification of wheat, we functionally characterized homologs of the VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER (VIT). The wheat genome contains two VIT paralogs, TaVIT1 and TaVIT2, which have different expression patterns but are both low in the endosperm. TaVIT2, but not TaVIT1, was able to rescue the growth of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant defective in vacuolar iron transport. TaVIT2 also complemented a manganese transporter mutant but not a vacuolar zinc transporter mutant. By overexpressing TaVIT2 under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter, we achieved a greater than 2-fold increase in iron in white flour fractions, exceeding minimum legal fortification levels in countries such as the United Kingdom. The antinutrient phytate was not increased and the iron in the white flour fraction was bioavailable in vitro, suggesting that food products made from the biofortified flour could contribute to improved iron nutrition. The single-gene approach impacted minimally on plant growth and also was effective in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Our results show that by enhancing vacuolar iron transport in the endosperm, this essential micronutrient accumulated in this tissue, bypassing existing homeostatic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Connorton
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor R Jones
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cristobal Uauy
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Janneke Balk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ciccolini V, Pellegrino E, Coccina A, Fiaschi AI, Cerretani D, Sgherri C, Quartacci MF, Ercoli L. Biofortification with Iron and Zinc Improves Nutritional and Nutraceutical Properties of Common Wheat Flour and Bread. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5443-5452. [PMID: 28656773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of field foliar Fe and Zn biofortification on concentration and potential bioavailability of Fe and Zn and health-promoting compounds was studied in wholemeal flour of two common wheat varieties (old vs modern). Moreover, the effect of milling and bread making was studied. Biofortification increased the concentration of Zn (+78%) and its bioavailability (+48%) in the flour of the old variety, whereas it was ineffective in increasing Fe concentration in both varieties. However, the old variety showed higher concentration (+41%) and bioavailability (+26%) of Fe than the modern one. As regard milling, wholemeal flour had higher Fe, Zn concentration and health-promoting compounds compared to white flour. Bread making slightly change Fe and Zn concentration but greatly increased their bioavailability (77 and 70%, respectively). All these results are of great support for developing a production chain of enriched functional bread having a protective role against chronic cardio-vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ciccolini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Coccina
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Ida Fiaschi
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Strada delle Scotte 6, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Cerretani
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Strada delle Scotte 6, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Sgherri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa , Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mike Frank Quartacci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa , Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Ercoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Ali F, Peng Q, Wang D, Cui Z, Huang J, Fu D, Liang D. Effects of selenite and selenate application on distribution and transformation of selenium fractions in soil and its bioavailability for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8315-8325. [PMID: 28161863 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of selenate and selenite application on the distribution, transformation of selenium (Se) fractions in soil, as well as the accumulation and availability of Se in each part of wheat plants. A pot experiment was conducted using different concentrations of exogenous selenite or selenate (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg Se kg-1 soil). Sequential extraction was used to determine the Se fractions in soil, and different models were used to study the behavior of Se in soil and its availability to wheat. Results showed that the distribution and availability of Se in soil and its accumulation in wheat affected both by Se concentrations and forms of exogenous Se. In selenite-treated soil, the proportion of exchangeable and carbonate-bound Se (EXC-Se) (21-42%) fraction increased compared to that in control (12%), while organic matter-bound Se (OM-Se) (23-33%) and Fe-Mn oxide-bound Se (FMO-Se) (11-15%) fractions decreased compare with those in control (37 and 32%, respectively). In selenate-treated soil, soluble-Se (SOL-Se) fraction (30-54%) increased and the OM-Se (9.8-20%) and FMO-Se (4.7-14.2%) fractions decreased compared with those in control. Residual Se (RES-Se) fraction was increased for selenite (7.4-13.4%) and selenate (12-20%) treatments compared with that in control (6.5%). In comparison with control, the available Se (SOL-Se + EXC-Se) fraction increased for both selenite (32-47%) or selenate (54-72%) treatments. Moreover, at the same rate of Se application, Se availability was higher in wheat grown in selenate-treated soils than that in selenite-treated soils. The redistribution index (U ts) of Se increased from 1 (in control) to 1.2-1.9 and 1.5-2 for selenite and selenate treatments, respectively; additionally, the mobility factor (MF) in selenate-treated soil was 40-90% higher than that in selenite-treated soil. Furthermore, relative bonding intensity (I R ) for both selenite (0.38-0.45) and selenate treatment (0.33-0.41) decreased compared with that in control (0.55). These differences indicated that selenite and selenate varied in terms of fixation capacities in soil, in transformation and distribution of Se in soil fractions, and in their availability to plants. The results of Michaelis-Menten equation demonstrated the high affinity of leaf to selenate, and the high affinity of roots and grains to selenite. Selenate was dominant in nearly all parts of wheat plants and in each application level. However, the affinity of selenite to wheat grains suggests that selenite is a useful Se fertilizer that must be considered in biofortification programs. In-depth studies at the pot and field scales by using different wheat varieties and application methods of Se in different ecological zones must be conducted to elucidate the mechanism and biochemical properties of Se in soil-plant system and ultimately produce Se-rich staple foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qin Peng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zewei Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jie Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dongdong Fu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dongli Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Gupta M, Gupta S. An Overview of Selenium Uptake, Metabolism, and Toxicity in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2074. [PMID: 28123395 PMCID: PMC5225104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, but lead to toxicity when taken in excessive amounts. Plants are the main source of dietary Se, but essentiality of Se for plants is still controversial. However, Se at low doses protects the plants from variety of abiotic stresses such as cold, drought, desiccation, and metal stress. In animals, Se acts as an antioxidant and helps in reproduction, immune responses, thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenium is chemically similar to sulfur, hence taken up inside the plants via sulfur transporters present inside root plasma membrane, metabolized via sulfur assimilatory pathway, and volatilized into atmosphere. Selenium induced oxidative stress, distorted protein structure and function, are the main causes of Se toxicity in plants at high doses. Plants can play vital role in overcoming Se deficiency and Se toxicity in different regions of the world, hence, detailed mechanism of Se metabolism inside the plants is necessary for designing effective Se phytoremediation and biofortification strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meetu Gupta
- Ecotoxicogenomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Breeding for increased grain protein and micronutrient content in wheat: Ten years of the GPC-B1 gene. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
70
|
Bechoff A, Dhuique-Mayer C. Factors influencing micronutrient bioavailability in biofortified crops. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1390:74-87. [PMID: 28009050 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary and human factors have been found to be the major factors influencing the bioavailability of micronutrients, such as provitamin A carotenoid (pVAC), iron, and zinc, in biofortified crops. Dietary factors are related to food matrix structure and composition. Processing can improve pVAC bioavailability by disrupting the food matrix but can also result in carotenoid losses. By degrading antinutrients, such as phytate, processing can also enhance mineral bioavailability. In in vivo interventions, biofortified crops have been shown to be overall efficacious in reducing micronutrient deficiency, with bioconversion factors varying between 2.3:1 and 10.4:1 for trans-β-carotene and amounts of iron and zinc absorbed varying between 0.7 and 1.1 mg/day and 1.1 and 2.1 mg/day, respectively. Micronutrient bioavailability was dependent on the crop type and the presence of fat for pVACs and on antinutrients for minerals. In addition to dietary factors, human factors, such as inflammation and disease, can affect micronutrient status. Understanding the interactions between micronutrients is also essential, for example, the synergic effect of iron and pVACs or the competitive effect of iron and zinc. Future efficacy trials should consider human status and genetic polymorphisms linked to interindividual variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bechoff
- Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Claudie Dhuique-Mayer
- Department of Persyst-UMR Qualisud, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Xue YF, Zhang W, Liu DY, Xia HY, Zou CQ. Nutritional Composition of Iron, Zinc, Calcium, and Phosphorus in Wheat Grain Milling Fractions as Affected by Fertilizer Nitrogen Supply. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-12-15-0243-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in North Huanghuai Plain, Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dun-Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hai-Yong Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chun-Qin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Detterbeck A, Pongrac P, Rensch S, Reuscher S, Pečovnik M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Holzheu S, Krämer U, Clemens S. Spatially resolved analysis of variation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain micronutrient accumulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1241-54. [PMID: 27125321 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic biofortification requires knowledge on natural variation and the underlying mechanisms of micronutrient accumulation. We therefore studied diversity in grain micronutrient concentrations and spatial distribution in barley (Hordeum vulgare), a genetically tractable model cereal and an important crop with widespread cultivation. We assembled a diverse collection of barley cultivars and landraces and analysed grain micronutrient profiles in genebank material and after three independent cultivations. Lines with contrasting grain zinc (Zn) accumulation were selected for in-depth analysis of micronutrient distribution within the grain by micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (μ-PIXE). Also, we addressed association with grain cadmium (Cd) accumulation. The analysis of > 120 lines revealed substantial variation, especially in grain Zn concentrations. A large fraction of this variation is due to genetic differences. Grain dissection and μ-PIXE analysis of contrasting lines showed that differences in grain Zn accumulation apply to all parts of the grain including the endosperm. Cd concentrations exceeded the Codex Alimentarius threshold in most of the representative barley lines after cultivation in a Cd-contaminated agricultural soil. Two important conclusions for biofortification are: first, high-Zn grains contain more Zn also in the consumed parts of the grain; and second, higher micronutrient concentrations are strongly associated with higher Cd accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Detterbeck
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Rensch
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Reuscher
- Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matic Pečovnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Holzheu
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Kumar J, Gupta DS, Kumar S, Gupta S, Singh NP. Current Knowledge on Genetic Biofortification in Lentil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6383-96. [PMID: 27507630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency in the human body, popularly known as "hidden hunger", causes many health problems. It presently affects >2 billion people worldwide, especially in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Biofortification of food crop varieties is one way to combat the problem of hidden hunger using conventional plant breeding and transgenic methods. Lentils are rich sources of protein, micronutrients, and vitamins including iron, zinc, selenium, folates, and carotenoids. Lentil genetic resources including germplasm and wild species showed genetic variability for these traits. Studies revealed that a single serving of lentils could provide a significant amount of the recommended daily allowance of micronutrients and vitamins for adults. Therefore, lentils have been identified as a food legume for biofortification, which could provide a whole food solution to the global micronutrient malnutrition. The present review discusses the current ongoing efforts toward genetic biofortification in lentils using classical breeding and molecular marker-assisted approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
| | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Institutes , B.P. 6299, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- AICRP on MULLaRP, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
| | - Narendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Stability of the Inherent Target Metallome in Seed Crops and a Mushroom Grown on Soils of Extreme Mineral Spans. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
75
|
Verma SK, Kumar S, Sheikh I, Malik S, Mathpal P, Chugh V, Kumar S, Prasad R, Dhaliwal HS. Transfer of useful variability of high grain iron and zinc from Aegilops kotschyi into wheat through seed irradiation approach. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:132-9. [PMID: 26883304 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1135263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To transfer the 2S chromosomal fragment(s) of Aegilops kotschyi (2S(k)) into the bread wheat genome which could lead to the biofortification of wheat with high grain iron and zinc content. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wheat-Ae. kotschyi 2A/2S(k) substitution lines with high grain iron and zinc content were used to transfer the gene/loci for high grain Fe and Zn content into wheat using seed irradiation approach. RESULTS Bread wheat plants derived from 40 krad-irradiated seeds showed the presence of univalents and multivalents during meiotic metaphase-I. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis of seed irradiation hybrid F2 seedlings showed several terminal and interstitial signals indicated the introgression of Ae. kotschyi chromosome segments. This proves the efficacy of seed radiation hybrid approach in gene transfer experiments. All the radiation-treated hybrid plants with high grain Fe and Zn content were analyzed with wheat group 2 chromosome-specific polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers to identify the introgression of small alien chromosome fragment(s). CONCLUSION Radiation-induced hybrids showed more than 65% increase in grain iron and 54% increase in Zn contents with better harvest index than the elite wheat cultivar WL711 indicating effective and compensating translocations of 2S(k) fragments into wheat genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailender Kumar Verma
- a School of Life Sciences , Central University of Himachal Pradesh , Dharamshala, Kangra , Himachal Pradesh ;,b Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand
| | - Satish Kumar
- b Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand
| | - Imran Sheikh
- c Akal College of Agriculture , Eternal University , Baru-Sahib , Sirmour , Himachal Pradesh
| | - Sachin Malik
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities , G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology , Pantnagar , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Priyanka Mathpal
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities , G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology , Pantnagar , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Vishal Chugh
- c Akal College of Agriculture , Eternal University , Baru-Sahib , Sirmour , Himachal Pradesh
| | - Sundip Kumar
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities , G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology , Pantnagar , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- b Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand
| | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Rouached H, Tran LSP. Regulation of Plant Mineral Nutrition: Transport, Sensing and Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29717-9. [PMID: 26967488 PMCID: PMC4691141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Limitation in crop yield productivity significantly contributes to the pressing problem of food security and malnutrition worldwide. [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Rouached
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes Research Unit, Montpellier SupAgro, 2, Place Pierre Viala 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Saha S, Mandal B, Hazra G, Dey A, Chakraborty M, Adhikari B, Mukhopadhyay S, Sadhukhan R. Can agronomic biofortification of zinc be benign for iron in cereals? J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
78
|
Betesh AL, Santa Ana CA, Cole JA, Fordtran JS. Is achlorhydria a cause of iron deficiency anemia? Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:9-19. [PMID: 25994564 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.097394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We re-evaluated the old hypothesis that gastritis-induced achlorhydria is a cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in humans. First, we analyzed the currently available research on the association between achlorhydria and IDA. When gastric acid secretion was measured after maximal stimulation, the frequency of achlorhydria (or severe hypochlorhydria) was 44% in patients with idiopathic IDA and 1.8% in healthy controls. In some patients with pernicious anemia, presumed achlorhydria preceded the development of IDA in time. However, we found no credible evidence that IDA caused gastritis or that IDA preceded the development of achlorhydria. Thus, correlational results favor achlorhydria as the causal factor in the association between achlorhydria and IDA. Second, we sought to determine whether gastritis and achlorhydria cause negative iron balance. When biosynthetic methods were used to isotopically label iron in food, achlorhydric patients were found to have severe malabsorption of nonheme iron, which persisted after the development of IDA. In 1 study, achlorhydria reduced the normal increase in heme-iron absorption from hemoglobin in response to iron deficiency. After an injection of isotopic iron into normal men, the physiologic loss of iron from the body was found to be 1 mg/d. Patients with chronic gastritis had excess fecal loss of isotopically tagged plasma iron. Calculations based on these results indicate that the absorption of iron from a typical Western diet by achlorhydric patients would be less than physiologic iron losses, creating a negative iron balance that could not be overcome by the adaptive increase in duodenal iron absorptive capacity that occurs in response to iron deficiency. The combination of results from these correlational and pathophysiologic studies supports the hypothesis that gastritis-induced achlorhydria can be an independent cause of IDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Betesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Carol A Santa Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jason A Cole
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - John S Fordtran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Ruggieri V, Sacco A, Calafiore R, Frusciante L, Barone A. Dissecting a QTL into Candidate Genes Highlighted the Key Role of Pectinesterases in Regulating the Ascorbic Acid Content in Tomato Fruit. THE PLANT GENOME 2015; 8:eplantgenome2014.08.0038. [PMID: 33228315 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2014.08.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a crucial component of the human diet because of its high nutritional value and the antioxidant content of its fruit. As a member of the Solanaceae family, it is considered a model species for genomic studies in this family, especially since its genome has been completely sequenced. Among genomic resources available, Solanum pennellii introgression lines represent a valuable tool to mine the genetic diversity present in wild species. One introgression line, IL12-4, was previously selected for high ascorbic acid (AsA) content, and a transcriptomic analysis indicated the involvement of genes controlling pectin degradation in AsA accumulation. In this study the integration of data from different "omics" platforms has been exploited to identify candidate genes that increase AsA belonging to the wild region 12-4. Thirty-two genes potentially involved in pathways controlling AsA levels were analyzed with bioinformatic tools. Two hundred-fifty nonsynonymous polymorphisms were detected in their coding regions, and 11.6% revealed deleterious effects on predicted protein function. To reduce the number of genes that had to be functionally validated, introgression sublines of the region 12-4 were selected using species-specific polymorphic markers between the two Solanum species. Four sublines were obtained and we demonstrated that a subregion of around 1 Mbp includes 12 candidate genes potentially involved in AsA accumulation. Among these, only five exhibited structural deleterious variants, and one of the 12 was differentially expressed between the two Solanum species. We have highlighted the role of three polymorphic pectinesterases and inhibitors of pectinesterases that merit further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Ruggieri
- Dep. of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Adriana Sacco
- Dep. of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Roberta Calafiore
- Dep. of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Luigi Frusciante
- Dep. of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Amalia Barone
- Dep. of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, (NA), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Paul S, Datta SK, Datta K. miRNA regulation of nutrient homeostasis in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:232. [PMID: 25914709 PMCID: PMC4392614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Small RNAs including micro RNAs (miRNA) play an indispensable role in cell signaling mechanisms. Generally, miRNAs that are 20-24 nucleotides long bind to specific complementary transcripts, attenuating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level or via translational inhibition. In plants, miRNAs have emerged as the principal regulator of various stress responses, including low nutrient availability. It has been reported that miRNAs are vital for maintaining nutrient homeostasis in plants by regulating the expression of transporters that are involved in nutrient uptake and mobilization. The present review highlights the role of various miRNAs in several macro- or micronutrient deficiencies in plants. Understanding the regulation of different transporters by miRNAs will aid in elucidating the underlying molecular signal transduction mechanisms during nutritional stress. Recent findings regarding nutrient related-miRNAs and their gene regulation machinery may delineate a novel platform for improving the nutritional status of cereal grains or crop biofortification programs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karabi Datta
- Translational Research Laboratory of Transgenic Rice, Department of Botany, University of CalcuttaKolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Wu Z, Bañuelos GS, Lin ZQ, Liu Y, Yuan L, Yin X, Li M. Biofortification and phytoremediation of selenium in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:136. [PMID: 25852703 PMCID: PMC4367174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals but at high concentrations, Se becomes toxic to organisms due to Se replacing sulfur in proteins. Selenium biofortification is an agricultural process that increases the accumulation of Se in crops, through plant breeding, genetic engineering, or use of Se fertilizers. Selenium phytoremediation is a green biotechnology to clean up Se-contaminated environments, primarily through phytoextraction and phytovolatilization. By integrating Se phytoremediation and biofortification technologies, Se-enriched plant materials harvested from Se phytoremediation can be used as Se-enriched green manures or other supplementary sources of Se for producing Se-biofortified agricultural products. Earlier studies primarily aimed at enhancing efficacy of phytoremediation and biofortification of Se based on natural variation in progenitor or identification of unique plant species. In this review, we discuss promising approaches to improve biofortification and phytoremediation of Se using knowledge acquired from model crops. We also explored the feasibility of applying biotechnologies such as inoculation of microbial strains for improving the efficiency of biofortification and phytoremediation of Se. The key research and practical challenges that remain in improving biofortification and phytoremediation of Se have been highlighted, and the future development and uses of Se-biofortified agricultural products in China has also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment–School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
- Advanced Lab for Selenium and Human Health-Jiangsu, Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gary S. Bañuelos
- United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Zhi-Qing Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
- Environmental Sciences Program, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Advanced Lab for Selenium and Human Health-Jiangsu, Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Linxi Yuan
- Advanced Lab for Selenium and Human Health-Jiangsu, Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebin Yin
- Advanced Lab for Selenium and Human Health-Jiangsu, Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment–School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Hefferon KL. Nutritionally enhanced food crops; progress and perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3895-914. [PMID: 25679450 PMCID: PMC4346933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made over the past decade with respect to the application of biotechnology to generate nutritionally improved food crops. Biofortified staple crops such as rice, maize and wheat harboring essential micronutrients to benefit the world's poor are under development as well as new varieties of crops which have the ability to combat chronic disease. This review discusses the improvement of the nutritional status of crops to make a positive impact on global human health. Several examples of nutritionally enhanced crops which have been developed using biotechnological approaches will be discussed. These range from biofortified crops to crops with novel abilities to fight disease. The review concludes with a discussion of hurdles faced with respect to public perception, as well as directions of future research and development for nutritionally enhanced food crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Hefferon
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Pearce S, Tabbita F, Cantu D, Buffalo V, Avni R, Vazquez-Gross H, Zhao R, Conley CJ, Distelfeld A, Dubcovksy J. Regulation of Zn and Fe transporters by the GPC1 gene during early wheat monocarpic senescence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:368. [PMID: 25524236 PMCID: PMC4302714 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During wheat senescence, leaf components are degraded in a coordinated manner, releasing amino acids and micronutrients which are subsequently transported to the developing grain. We have previously shown that the simultaneous downregulation of Grain Protein Content (GPC) transcription factors, GPC1 and GPC2, greatly delays senescence and disrupts nutrient remobilization, and therefore provide a valuable entry point to identify genes involved in micronutrient transport to the wheat grain. RESULTS We generated loss-of-function mutations for GPC1 and GPC2 in tetraploid wheat and showed in field trials that gpc1 mutants exhibit significant delays in senescence and reductions in grain Zn and Fe content, but that mutations in GPC2 had no significant effect on these traits. An RNA-seq study of these mutants at different time points showed a larger proportion of senescence-regulated genes among the GPC1 (64%) than among the GPC2 (37%) regulated genes. Combined, the two GPC genes regulate a subset (21.2%) of the senescence-regulated genes, 76.1% of which are upregulated at 12 days after anthesis, before the appearance of any visible signs of senescence. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GPC1 is a key regulator of nutrient remobilization which acts predominantly during the early stages of senescence. Genes upregulated at this stage include transporters from the ZIP and YSL gene families, which facilitate Zn and Fe export from the cytoplasm to the phloem, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of chelators that facilitate the phloem-based transport of these nutrients to the grains. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an overview of the transport mechanisms activated in the wheat flag leaf during monocarpic senescence. It also identifies promising targets to improve nutrient remobilization to the wheat grain, which can help mitigate Zn and Fe deficiencies that afflict many regions of the developing world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Pearce
- />Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Facundo Tabbita
- />Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN, INTA, N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n (1686), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Dario Cantu
- />Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Vince Buffalo
- />Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Raz Avni
- />Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Hans Vazquez-Gross
- />Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- />Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Assaf Distelfeld
- />Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Jorge Dubcovksy
- />Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- />Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation Investigator, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Watson JL, Fang T, Dimkpa CO, Britt DW, McLean JE, Jacobson A, Anderson AJ. The phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles on wheat varies with soil properties. Biometals 2014; 28:101-12. [PMID: 25351960 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Zn is an essential element for plants yet some soils are Zn-deficient and/or have low Zn-bioavailability. This paper addresses the feasibility of using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as soil amendments to improve Zn levels in the plant. The effects of soil properties on phytotoxicity and Zn bioavailability from the NPs were studied by using an acidic and a calcareous alkaline soil. In the acid soil, the ZnO NPs caused dose-dependent phytotoxicity, observed as inhibition of elongation of roots of wheat, Triticum aestivum. Phytotoxicity was mitigated in the calcareous alkaline soil although uptake of Zn from the ZnO NPs occurred doubling the Zn level compared to control plants. This increase occurred with a low level of Zn in the soil solution as expected from the interactions of Zn with the soil components at the alkaline pH. Soluble Zn in the acid soil was 200-fold higher and shoot levels were tenfold higher than from the alkaline soil correlating with phytotoxicity. Mitigation of toxicity was not observed in plants grown in sand amended with a commercial preparation of humic acid: growth, shoot uptake and solubility of Zn from the NPs was not altered by the humic acid. Thus, variation in humic acid between soils may not be a major factor influencing plant responses to the NPs. These findings illustrate that formulations of ZnO NPs to be used as a soil amendment would need to be tuned to soil properties to avoid phytotoxicity yet provide increased Zn accumulations in the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Watson
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-5305, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Clemens S. Zn and Fe biofortification: the right chemical environment for human bioavailability. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 225:52-57. [PMID: 25017159 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A considerable fraction of global disease burden and child mortality is attributed to Fe and Zn deficiencies. Biofortification, i.e. the development of plants with more bioavailable Zn and Fe, is widely seen as the most sustainable solution, provided suitable crops can be generated. In a cereal-dominated diet availability of Fe and Zn for absorption by the human gut is generally low and influenced by a highly complex chemistry. This complexity has mostly been attributed to the inhibitory effect of Fe and Zn binding by phytate, the principal phosphorus storage compound in cereal and legume seeds. However, phytate is only part of the answer to the multifaceted bioavailability question, albeit an important one. Recent analyses addressing elemental distribution and micronutrient speciation in seeds strongly suggest the existence of different Fe and Zn pools. Exploration of natural variation in maize showed partial separation of phytate levels and Fe bioavailability. Observations made with transgenic plants engineered for biofortification lend further support to this view. From a series of studies the metal chelator nicotianamine is emerging as a key molecule. Importantly, nicotianamine levels have been found to not only increase the loading of Fe and Zn into grains. Bioavailability assays indicate a strong activity of nicotianamine also as an enhancer of intestinal Fe and Zn absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Clemens
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Plant Physiology and Research Center of Food Quality, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Sperotto RA, Ricachenevsky FK, Williams LE, Vasconcelos MW, Menguer PK. From soil to seed: micronutrient movement into and within the plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:438. [PMID: 25250035 PMCID: PMC4155779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul A. Sperotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Centro Universitário UNIVATESLajeado, Brazil
- *Correspondence: ; ; ; ;
| | - Felipe K. Ricachenevsky
- Departamento de Botânica e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: ; ; ; ;
| | - Lorraine E. Williams
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- *Correspondence: ; ; ; ;
| | - Marta W. Vasconcelos
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica PortuguesaPorto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: ; ; ; ;
| | | |
Collapse
|