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Nguyen HB, Nguyen THM, Vo THN, Vo TCN, Nguyen DNQ, Nguyen HT, Tang TN, Nguyen TH, Do VT, Truong QB. Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and related factors among COVID-19 patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam. Int Health 2022:6607701. [PMID: 35696091 PMCID: PMC9214186 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and their related factors among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam. Methods Vietnamese-fluent confirmed COVID-19 patients for at least 3 d were recruited in this online cross-sectional study to answer a three-part questionnaire including participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, PTSD (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Associated factors were determined using multivariable binary logistic regression models. Results Of 1544 responses, the majority were female (53.0%), ages 18–39 y (74.8%) and were isolated and treated at field hospitals (72.2%). Family or friends were the greatest sources of mental support (68.2%), followed by healthcare providers (51.1%). The overall prevalence rates of PTSD, anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients were 22.9%, 11.2% and 17.4%, respectively. Risk factors included older age, higher education, getting infected from the public, knowing someone who died from COVID-19 and high perception of life threat. Meanwhile, mental assistance from family or friends, a greater number of supporters, living with someone not vulnerable and higher salaries were significantly protective factors. Conclusions The psychological responses associated with some sociodemographic details. Family or friends should be the first line of mental interventions for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Bac Nguyen
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Minh Nguyen
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Nhan Vo
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Cam Nhung Vo
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duc Nguyet Quynh Nguyen
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Huu-Thinh Nguyen
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tuan-Ngan Tang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Hiep Nguyen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Trang Do
- Binh Duong Medical College, Le Hong Phong Street, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, 820000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Binh Truong
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
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Mrduljaš-Đujić N, Antičević V, Britvić D. Psychosocial effects of the quarantine during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the residents of the island of Brač. Fam Pract 2022; 39:447-454. [PMID: 34791200 PMCID: PMC8822403 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unprecedented health and economic crisis in small island communities during the COVID-19 pandemic indicated the importance of studying its harmful effects on residents' mental health. OBJECTIVES To examine the differences in negative affectivity, perceived stressors, and social support both on the quarantined and not quarantined islands. METHODS A web-based survey and correlational cross-sectional research design were used, based on a nonprobabilistic convenience sampling method to select 613 Croatian islands' residents during May 2020. The participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the General Information Questionnaire, data on their exposures to stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic and the perceived social support. RESULTS Compared with the nonquarantined residents of other islands, the island of Brač residents scored significantly higher on the symptoms of depression (M = 11.61; t = 2.13, P < 0.05) and stress (M = 13.06; t = 3.21, P = 0.001) subscales, receiving more support from religious communities (t = 2.34, P = 0.02) and less from the physicians (t = -2.68, P = 0.01). Lower sociodemographic status was associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to protect mental health in isolated island areas specially for singles and people of low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Mrduljaš-Đujić
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Split, School of Medicine, Specialist’s Family Medicine Office Postira, 22 lipnja 5, Supetar 21400, Croatia
| | - Vesna Antičević
- University of Split, University Department of Health Studies, Ruđera Boškovića 35, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Dolores Britvić
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Split, School of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Šoltanska 2, Split 21000, Croatia
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53
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Lathabhavan R. Fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, well-being and life satisfaction: A comparative study on first and second waves of COVID-19 among college students in India. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-8. [PMID: 35637761 PMCID: PMC9132172 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the relationship of fear of COVID-19 with well-being and life satisfaction through psychological distress among the college students in India. The study was conducted in two waves of the pandemic-during first and second waves of the COVID-19 among college students. A survey was conducted among 768 and 884 students in first and second waves of COVID-19 respectively for this purpose. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The study found out that the fear of COVID-19 positively related to psychological distress and negatively to well-being and life satisfaction and the effects were stronger in second wave. Also, the psychological distress mediates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 with well-being and life satisfaction, and the relationships were stronger during second wave. Proper coping strategies and mechanisms can be helpful to overcome the difficulties of such situation.
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Wong SMY, Li YY, Hui CLM, Wong CSM, Wong TY, Cheung C, Suen YN, Lam BYH, Lui SSY, Chan KT, Wong MTH, Chan SKW, Chang WC, Lee EHM, Myin-Germeys I, Chen EYH. Impact of restrictive COVID-19 measures on daily momentary affect in an epidemiological youth sample in Hong Kong: An experience sampling study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 35600262 PMCID: PMC9110277 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Restrictive COVID-19 measures can have significant mental health impacts, particularly on young people. How such measures may influence day-to-day momentary affect, nonetheless, remains to be explored. Experience sampling data were collected from 165 young people (aged 15-24) as part of a larger epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong. We examined the impact of one of the most stringent COVID-19 measures - dine-in restrictions - on momentary positive and negative affect and current contexts and activities of these young people. The effects of a milder form of COVID-19 measure - school suspension - were separately examined. Multilevel analysis revealed that those in the dine-in ban group, compared to dining-as-usual, showed significantly reduced momentary positive affect (β = -0.17, SE = 0.06, p = 0.003). Its effect remained significant even when accounting for baseline depressive and anxiety symptoms and socioeconomic status (β = -0.15, SE = 0.05, p = 0.008). The effect of dine-in ban on reduced momentary positive affect was found specifically when participants were in indoor locations (e.g., home, office), alone, and engaged in passive leisure activities. This pattern was not observed when participants were at school or at other outdoor locations, with friends, or engaged in active leisure activities. No significant effect of school suspension on momentary affect was observed. More severe COVID-19 measures, such as dine-in ban, can have significant impacts on the momentary positive affect of young people. Certain contexts and activities may offer protection against the consequences of COVID-19 measures. The current findings may help to inform future designs of mental health interventions and public health policies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03183-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Y. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yandy Y. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy L. M. Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Corine S. M. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - T. Y. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlton Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. N. Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bess Y. H. Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon S. Y. Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - K. T. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael T. H. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sherry K. W. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - W. C. Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edwin H. M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Y. H. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Dey SR. How the COVID-19 lockdown affects social relationships in Bangladesh: A social media-based cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022; 72:ISSJ12340. [PMID: 35942286 PMCID: PMC9348486 DOI: 10.1111/issj.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For controlling the rapid spread of COVID-19 infections, the Bangladesh Government imposed lockdown to ensure social distancing among the mass. The study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on social relationships among Bangladeshi nationals. A social media-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 through June 7, 2020. The study used a survey questionnaire to ascertain the people's perception on COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdown, and on how the lockdown affected their social relationships. In this study, social relationships referred to the connections between family members, friends, and relatives. Linear regression was employed to determine the predictors of social relationships. A total of 352 survey responses were collected, out of which 64.2 per cent reported that their social relationships became stronger during lockdown. Age, marital status, occupation, and financial condition exhibited significant associations with social relationships. More specifically, young through middle-aged, married, housewives, and financially solvent people had a significant association with having strong social relationships. This study found that the COVID-19 lockdown revealed a positive impact on the social relationships of Bangladeshis. Healthy bonding and cordial support of family and friends are understood to have helped them to mitigate their mental stress, leading to positive health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Rani Dey
- Bangladesh Institute of Governance and ManagementDhaka1207Bangladesh
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56
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The psychological distress and COVID-19 pandemic during lockdown: A cross-sectional study from United Arab Emirates (UAE). Heliyon 2022; 8:e09422. [PMID: 35647360 PMCID: PMC9133578 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pandemic resulted in the societal changes as conflicts and instability were the common concerns experienced by families because of the lockdown. However, the psychological impact of the COVID-19 on the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population is not studied extensively. Objective The study evaluates the psychological impact of lockdown during the pandemic on the people in the UAE. Material and methods This study was cross-sectional in nature and was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of 35-items. The questions were related to social, psychological, and personal aspects. Multivariate Linear regression was used to find the outcomes between independent variables. Results The mean value of social phobia was 2.56 ± .620, followed by the mean score of anxiety (2.47 ± .666), stress (2.44 ± .631), and depression (2.42 ± .682). The higher the respondents experienced the scores, the more depression, anxiety, and stress. Demographics such as marital status, age, and occupation and education level have a statistically significant association with social phobia, anxiety, depression, and stress. Conclusion The study concludes that the lockdown more psychologically impacted males, older people, and unemployed individuals during the pandemic.
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Yıldırım H. Psychosocial status of older adults aged 65 years and over during lockdown in Turkey and their perspectives on the outbreak. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:899-907. [PMID: 34390281 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Older adults over the age of 65 were announced as a high-risk group in the COVID-19 outbreak and had to be placed on lockdown for a long time. The research was conducted to identify the psychosocial status, attitudes, and experiences of individuals aged 65 and over who were in-home lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey. In the study, 51 older adults were reached using the snowball sampling method. The research data were collected through qualitative interviews from older adults who were in house restrictions during the pandemic period, and thematic analysis was performed. As a result of the interviews, four main themes revealed as (a) Growing old is like a crime: The public perception of the older adults regarding the stigma associated with aging, (b) The inevitable course: Potential possibilities arising as a result of the pandemic period, (c) The cost of lockdown at home: Risk factors arising due to staying at home for a long time, (d) The desire for equality: The developing resistance against lockdown and demands for equality. The lockdown applied exclusively to older adults forced them to create new routines and made them aware of some values; however, they asserted that they were stigmatized and lonely, that their concerns about death/catching COVID-19 increased, and they were treated unfairly. Measures should be taken to prevent mental problems in older adults. In addition, public health nurses are advised to provide preventive care services and counselling for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Yıldırım
- Department of Puplic Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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58
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dos Santos GM, Verlengia R, Ribeiro AG, Corrêa CA, Ciuldim M, Crisp AH. Status of yoga and mental health among Brazilian practitioners during COVID-19: An internet-based cross-sectional survey. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:127-132. [PMID: 35574287 PMCID: PMC9076580 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe yoga practice and verify its association with depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic among Brazilian practitioners. A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted in all regions of Brazil using a snowball sampling strategy among yoga practitioners. A total of 860 participants (87% female, aged: 19–82 years) completed the survey. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle factors, yoga practice during the pandemic, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) scores were collected between July 9 and July 15, 2021. Overall, 9.5%, 9.3%, and 5.6% of participants exhibited some traits (mild to severe) of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Hatha yoga (48%) was the most commonly practiced yoga style. In the adjusted analysis, a higher yoga experience (> 5 years) was associated with better anxiety (odds ratio; bootstrap 95% confidence interval: 2.42; 1.32, 4.49) and stress status (1.80; 1.06, 3.00) than beginners (< 1 year). Practitioners who reported higher time and days of yoga practice during the study period were more likely to show normal levels of depression (odds ratio: 2.56–6.49; p < 0.05), anxiety (odds ratio: 3.68–8.84; p < 0.05), and stress (odds ratio: 2.15–5.21; p < 0.05). Moreover, the maintenance of practice frequency during the pandemic was associated with higher odds of normal levels of depression (2.27; 1.39–3.79), anxiety (1.97; 1.25–3.10), and stress (1.97; 1.32–2.96). In conclusion, our findings indicated that a higher level of yoga practice was associated with better mental health levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Karadag M, Demir B. The impact of impulsivity and school attendance on COVID-19 spread: A web-based cross-sectional questionnaire. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 60:PITS22700. [PMID: 35572173 PMCID: PMC9088339 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Some personal and social decisions can be influential in the spread of COVID-19. There are no studies examining school attendance, impulsivity, COVID-19 phobia, and psychological resilience together while the effect of some individual and social measures on COVID-19 has been frequently investigated. In this study 360 participants were evaluated through an online questionnaire method during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic data form prepared by the researchers, COVID-19 Phobia Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, and Brief Resilience Scale were used in the study. In all, 20.6% (n = 74) of participants had previously experienced COVID-19. The rate of individuals who experienced the death of any of their relatives due to COVID-19 was 17.8%. Only 65.8% of respondents fully complied with government-implemented measures for the outbreak. School attendance (OR = 1.983, p = .033) and impulsivity (OR = 1.115, p < .001) were found to be positively correlated with COVID-19. The presence of a significantly higher psychiatric disease admission history in patients with COVID-19 in binary comparisons did not reach the level of significance in regression analysis. Our results suggest that high school attendance and impulsivity scores are positively correlated with COVID-19 in young people. Government strategies related to schools need to be carefully reviewed for this reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karadag
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry DepartmentGaziantep University Medical SchoolGaziantepTurkey
| | - Bahadir Demir
- Psychiatry DepartmentGaziantep University Medical SchoolGaziantepTurkey
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Prabhat A, Kumar A, Bhardwaj SK. Prolonged Lockdown due to COVID-19 Alters Sleep-Wake Timings and Negatively Affects Self-esteem, Personality, Depression and Anxiety in College-Going Indian Students. SLEEP AND VIGILANCE 2022; 6:199-210. [PMID: 35411332 PMCID: PMC8985745 DOI: 10.1007/s41782-022-00200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose COVID-19 forced the shutdown of colleges and socialization around the world including India and prolonged lockdown could have a significant impact on sleep, mood, emotion and anxiety in students. Here, we designed a survey to assess the effect of lockdown on sleep-wake, self-esteem, depression and anxiety via the survey on 321 Indian college-going students. Methods We assessed the effect of lockdown on sleep-wake (wake up, get up, bed and sleep timing, total time in bed and sleep duration) and self-esteem and depression on students via various questions. Results We found that students delayed sleep timing by 1 h in lockdown than pre-lockdown days. Specifically, urban male populations were late sleeper than any other group. However, total sleep duration did not differ between groups. In self-esteem questions, most students agreed that they were of no good, felt nervous, displeased, and frustrated about performance in lockdown. Depression and anxiety questionnaire gave more significant results related to mood and mental health. More than 50% of students agreed that they faced a lack of concentration, had been feeling irritated and angry, felt fatigued and tired, and everything had been a failure during lockdown days. Conclusion Overall, the survey suggests that lack of social life and prolonged lockdown affect the sleep-wake cycle, self-esteem, anxiety and depression of Indian students. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41782-022-00200-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Prabhat
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004 India
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Lu H, Duan J, Wu T, Zhou B, Xu C. The influence of fear of isolation on contact experience disclosure: Evidence from safety management of the COVID-19 pandemic. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 25:AJSP12527. [PMID: 35603137 PMCID: PMC9111348 DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to rage, disclosure of exposure to the virus is of great significance to safety management, especially considering the long latency of the disease. We conducted a survey based on terror management theory of 2,542 people in 71 cities, representing all provinces in mainland China. The results revealed that fear of being isolated influenced disclosure of exposure to the virus and that this influence was mediated by defensive impression management motivation. An inclusive climate buffered both the direct and the indirect effects of fear of isolation on disclosure behaviour via defensive impression management motivation. The implications of these findings for research and safety management during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Lu
- School of BusinessNingboTech UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jinyun Duan
- School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ting Wu
- School of BusinessZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Bei Zhou
- School of BusinessNingboTech UniversityNingboChina
| | - Changyuan Xu
- School of BusinessNingboTech UniversityNingboChina
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Güneş S, Bulut BP. Health anxiety During COVID-19: Predictive Roles of Health Promoting Behaviors and Sensory Processing Sensitivity. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:167-184. [PMID: 35201953 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.2012110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in major changes in daily life and economic conditions while heightening physical and mental health problems, including health anxiety. Health authorities and elected officials have encouraged individuals to engage in health behaviors. Perceptions of and reactions to these changes could be subject to individual differences. In this line, the current study investigated the predictive roles of health promoting behaviors, sensory processing sensitivity, and their interactions with health anxiety.Design and measures: In this cross-sectional study, 355 participants (73% female, 25.9% male) whose ages range from 19 to 72 (M = 25.91, SD = 9.80) filled out self-reported measures on health promoting behaviors, sensory processing sensitivity, and health anxiety via an online platform between April and May 2020. RESULTS It was revealed that caring for a healthy diet, taking responsibility for health and sensory processing sensitivity, but not physical activity and stress management, were associated with health anxiety. Diagnoses and perceptions of physical and mental health problems also contributed to health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Individuals with higher levels of sensory processing sensitivity and health responsibility were more likely to experience higher levels of health anxiety, while typical physical activities and stress management behaviors were less likely to have an impact during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results highlight the importance of having a healthy diet and the need for pandemic-specific interventions for stress management and sport activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren Güneş
- University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.,Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Germany
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Dao HV, Hoang LB, Le NNH, Tran TTT, Nguyen HM, Dao LV, Le NT. Changes in the Proportion of Gastrointestinal Emergency Endoscopy and Peptic Ulcer Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Local Retrospective Observational Study From Vietnam. Front Public Health 2022; 10:699321. [PMID: 35252077 PMCID: PMC8894208 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.699321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the practice of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy units and may increase the risk of digestive disorders. We described the situational changes in GI endoscopy and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) proportion during COVID-19 in Vietnam and examined the associated factors. Methods A retrospective ecological study was conducted on data of Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam. The number of upper GI endoscopy and the proportion of GI emergency endoscopy and PUD were compared between 2019 and 2020 by month (January to June). Log-binomial regression was used to explore associated factors of GI emergency endoscopy and PUD. Results The number of endoscopies decreased remarkably during the nationwide social distancing in April 2020. Compared to April 2019, the proportion in April 2020 of both GI emergency endoscopy [4.1 vs. 9.8%, proportion ratio (PR) 2.39, 95% CI 2, 2.87], and PUD [13.9 vs. 15.8%; PR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.29] was significantly higher. In log-binomial models, the proportion of GI emergency endoscopy was higher in April 2020 compared to April 2019 (adjusted PR, 2.41; 95% CI, 2.01, 2.88). Male sex and age of ≥50 years were associated with an increased PUD and GI emergency conditions. Conclusion The proportion of both GI emergency endoscopy and PUD was significantly higher during the time of the state of emergency due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 when compared to 2019 at the same health facility in Vietnam. The findings suggest that healthcare delivery reforms during the era of an emerging pandemic are required to reduce digestive disorders, in particular, and chronic diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Viet Dao
- Internal Medicine Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Research and Training Management Department, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Hang Viet Dao
| | - Long Bao Hoang
- Research and Training Management Department, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nha Ngoc Hoa Le
- Gastroenterology Division, Internal Medicine and Hematology Department, Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Trang Thi Thu Tran
- Research and Training Management Department, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Manh Nguyen
- Research and Training Management Department, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Van Dao
- Internal Medicine Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Research and Training Management Department, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoan Tran Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Department of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan
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Artan T, Cebeci F, Karaman M, Atak I. The relationship between Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak related perceptions and health anxiety. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 37:135-145. [PMID: 34658292 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.1986452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between health anxiety and the perceptions and attitudes of the individuals living in Turkey during COVID-19 outbreak. This research was carried out using a volunteer-based internet data collection technique with a sample of 448 people, aged between 15 and 71, who were reached by a simple random sampling method. In the study, the participants were asked to fill out "The Personal Information Form," "the Health Anxiety Scale," and "the Perception and Attitudes towards Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak Questionnaire" to determine their perceptions and attitudes toward coronavirus disease. For the analysis of the data, SPSS 25.0 program was used. In the study, a positive relationship was found between the participants' health anxiety and disease perception, causes perception, and avoidance behavior, and a negative relationship with control perception. It was detected that as the age of the participants increased, their health anxiety levels, and their behavior to avoid coronavirus disease decreased. Also, as the income of the participants increased, their health anxiety levels decreased. Lastly, the level of women's avoidance of personal contact and their health anxiety during the pandemic were significantly higher than men. This study revealed that the health anxiety levels were found to be low for the sample. The levels of avoidance behavior and health anxiety in women were higher than in men. The present study is expected to be beneficial for social workers, mental health professionals, health authorities and doctors while developing public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Artan
- Department of Social Work, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Cebeci
- Department of Social Work, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Karaman
- Department of Social Work, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irmak Atak
- Department of Social Work, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pappa S, Chen J, Barnett J, Chang A, Dong RK, Xu W, Yin A, Chen BZ, Delios AY, Chen RZ, Miller S, Wan X, Zhang SX. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the mental health symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:41-50. [PMID: 34704305 PMCID: PMC8661667 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The Covid-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the mental health of the general public and high-risk groups worldwide. Due to its proximity and close links to China, Southeast Asia was one of the first regions to be affected by the outbreak. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia in the general adult population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in Southeast Asia during the course of the first year of the pandemic. METHODS Several literature databases were systemically searched for articles published up to February 2021 and two reviewers independently evaluated all relevant studies using pre-determined criteria. The prevalence rates of mental health symptoms were calculated using a random-effect meta-analysis model. RESULTS In total, 32 samples from 25 studies with 20 352 participants were included. Anxiety was assessed in all 25 studies and depression in 15 studies with pooled prevalence rates of 22% and 16%, respectively. Only two studies assessed insomnia, which was estimated at 19%. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was similar among frontline HCWs (18%), general HCWs (17%), and students (20%) while being noticeably higher in the general population (27%). CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review to investigate the mental health impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia. A considerable proportion of the general population and HCWs reported mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression; the pooled prevalence rater, however, remain significantly lower than those reported in other areas such as China and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pappa
- Division of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- West London NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Jiyao Chen
- College of BusinessOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | | | - Anabel Chang
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | | | - Wen Xu
- Nottingham University Business School ChinaUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingboChina
| | - Allen Yin
- School of HumanitiesSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | | | | | - Saylor Miller
- College of BusinessOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Xue Wan
- School of Economics and ManagementTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Balakrishnan V, Ng KS, Kaur W, Govaichelvan K, Lee ZL. COVID-19 depression and its risk factors in Asia Pacific - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:47-56. [PMID: 34801606 PMCID: PMC8599140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize the extant literature reporting the effects of COVID-19 pandemic based on the pooled prevalence of depression among affected populations in Asia Pacific, as well as its risk factors. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis approach was adopted as per the PRISMA guidelines, targeting articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus from January 2021 to March 30, 2021. The screening resulted in 82 papers. RESULTS The overall pooled depression prevalence among 201,953 respondents was 34% (95%CI, 29-38, 99.7%), with no significant differences observed between the cohorts, timelines, and regions (p > 0.05). Dominant risk factors found were fear of COVID-19 infection (13%), gender (i.e., females; 12%) and deterioration of underlying medical conditions (8.3%), regardless of the sub-groups. Specifically, fear of COVID-19 infection was the most reported risk factor among general population (k = 14) and healthcare workers (k = 8). Gender (k = 7) and increased workload (k = 7) were reported among healthcare workers whereas education disruption among students (k = 7). LIMITATION The review is limited to articles published in three electronic databases. Conclusion The pandemic has caused depression among the populations across Asia Pacific, specifically among the general population, healthcare workers and students. Immediate attention and interventions from the concerned authorities are needed in addressing this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Balakrishnan
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Seong Ng
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wandeep Kaur
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Kumanan Govaichelvan
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Lek Lee
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vaculíková J, Hanková M. Risk Factors Affecting Mental Health During The Early Stages Of The Covid-19 Pandemic In High-Risk 50+ Population In The Czech Republic. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2022; 65:143-167. [PMID: 34435934 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1939219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with key factors affecting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are based on the longitudinal representative 50+ population-based multi-country panel study Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in which representative samples of individuals in European countries plus Israel were collected. The goal is to turn the challenges of aging into opportunities as well as provide valid and reliable data for evidence-based policies. A total of 2,631 participants were interviewed by telephone in the Czech Republic during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. After a descriptive analysis showed that participants complied well with most preventative and protective COVID-19 measures, subsequent modeling using logistic regression analysis and a decision tree algorithm identified key determinants that have contributed to an understanding of variation in declared feelings of depression. We found that nervousness, previously unexperienced trouble with sleep, and self-rated health status before the COVID-19 outbreak and gender remained significant predictors of depression, from which statistically significant different categories concerning the percentage of depression could be formed. These identified potential risk factors should be considered in planning further supportive strategies for high-risk 50+ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Vaculíková
- Research Centre of Faculty of Humanities, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Hanková
- Research Centre of Faculty of Humanities, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic
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Alkathiri MA, Almohammed OA, Alqahtani F, AlRuthia Y. Associations of Depression and Anxiety with Stigma in a Sample of Patients in Saudi Arabia Who Recovered from COVID-19. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:381-390. [PMID: 35237078 PMCID: PMC8882661 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s350931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak combined with social distancing, isolation, and movement restrictions has had a profound impact on individuals’ physical and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of depression and anxiety with feelings of stigma among patients in Saudi Arabia who have recovered from COVID-19. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and December 2020. Trained healthcare providers contacted and interviewed participants by phone. Depression, anxiety, and stigma were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, and the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue stigma scale (EMIC). Data on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and family history of mental illness were also collected. Multiple linear regression models were performed to explore factors associated with depression and anxiety. Results A total of 174 adult participants (≥18 years old) who had recently recovered from COVID-19 were interviewed. The mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were 7.53 (±5.04) and 3.77 (±4.47), respectively. About 68% of the participants had at least mild depression (PHQ-9 score of 5–9), whereas only 29.89% had at least mild anxiety (GAD-7 score of 5–9) during their infections with COVID-19. Multiple linear regression showed that females were more vulnerable to depression and anxiety disorders than their male counterparts were (β=3.071 and β=1.86, respectively). Notably, participants’ stigma scores were significantly associated with higher scores on depression and anxiety. Conclusion These findings highlight the negative consequences of COVID-19 infection on the mental health of recovered patients. Therefore, considerable attention from local and international health authorities is needed to improve the mental well-being of recovered COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah A Alkathiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Almohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazed AlRuthia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Yazed AlRuthia, Tel +996 114677483; +966 509726340, Fax +966 114677480, Email
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Mirhosseini S, Grimwood S, Dadgari A, Basirinezhad MH, Montazeri R, Ebrahimi H. One-year changes in the prevalence and positive psychological correlates of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical science students in northeast of Iran. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e490. [PMID: 35036582 PMCID: PMC8753494 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The COVID‐19 pandemic has imposed a significant psychological burden on many across society especially students studying medical sciences. This study intended to investigate the one‐year changes in the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic among medical science students. Methods A cross‐sectional study in Shahroud, Iran administering a convenience sampling method (January to February 2021). Online self‐reported questionnaires included Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Paloutzian‐Ellison Spiritual Well‐Being Questionnaire, Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale and the University Student Depression Inventory. Data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Independent t‐test and Multiple Regression Analysis). Results A total of 306 medical science students were investigated in this study. The mean scores 1 year after the outbreak of COVID‐19 were for depression (81.25 ± 26.04), spiritual well‐being (80.98 ± 18.06), self‐esteem (26.89 ± 2.20), and life satisfaction (19.68 ± 6.81). The results indicated that depression mean score was significantly higher in post outbreak assessment (71.92 ± 22.94 vs 81.25 ± 26.04) (P < .001). Fifty percentage of changes in depression can be predicted by studied variables. A high score of depression was directly associated with a higher level of self‐esteem. Moreover, increased interest in the field, scores of spiritual well‐being, and life satisfaction were inversely and significantly associated with depression. Conclusions Iran's education system has been significantly affected, with the addition to the COVID‐19 pandemic imposing a psychological burden such as depression, exacerbating this within medical science students compared to a year ago. Spiritual well‐being and life satisfaction as positive psychology constructs were recognized as protective factors against depression during the pandemic. Spiritual and social support should be integrated in psychological interventions within university settings for medical science students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran.,Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Ali Dadgari
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Shahroud University of Medical Sciences Shahroud Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Rasoul Montazeri
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery Shahroud University of Medical Sciences Shahroud Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Nursing, Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Shahroud University of Medical Sciences Shahroud Iran
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Lathabhavan R, Sudevan S. The Impacts of Psychological Distress on Life Satisfaction and Wellbeing of the Indian General Population During the First and Second Waves of COVID-19: A Comparative Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-12. [PMID: 35069046 PMCID: PMC8761090 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to understand the impact of psychological distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on life satisfaction and wellbeing, in the Indian context. The study also analyses the differences in these effects between the first and second waves of the pandemic. For this purpose, a survey was conducted during the two waves of the pandemic. Eight hundred eighty-four and 925 respondents participated in the first and second waves, respectively. The study showed that depression, anxiety, and stress negatively related to life satisfaction and wellbeing during both waves. The study also showed that the effects were stronger during the second wave compared to the first. Life satisfaction and wellbeing of women were found to be affected to a higher level than those of men, due to psychological distress. The study showed that a combined approach involving coping mechanisms and health care can help manage the psychological issues that arise with crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Parvar SY, Ghamari N, Pezeshkian F, Shahriarirad R. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and perceived stress and their relation with resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, a cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e460. [PMID: 35024455 PMCID: PMC8733840 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Home quarantine and physical distancing at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a severe effect on the mental health of the populations. Resilience has been reported previously to be a protective factor against anxiety, stress, and depression. This study evaluates the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and perceived stress and their relation with resilience associated with the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of the general population in Southern Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional web-based survey, from April 12 to May 13, 2020, stress, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and resilience were measured using the Persian version of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Statistical analyses were carried out using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) and frequencies were used to describe demographic data. Independent sample t-test, Spearman correlation, and the Pearson correlation coefficient were performed to examine anxiety, depression, stress, and resilience. Results Among a total of 538 participants, the overall prevalence of moderate-to-extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress was found to be 26.1%, 33.2%, and 5.8%, respectively. The overall median PSS and resilience score were 30 and 70, respectively. There was a significant association between higher age and perceived stress. Male and high income were related to higher resilience scores. Perceived stress positively correlates with resilience, whereas depression significantly correlates with anxiety and stress. Individuals with underlying disease demonstrated significantly higher scores for depression and anxiety. Also, perceived stress had a significant but weak, positive correlation with age and the number of quarantine days. Conclusion The occurring COVID-19 pandemic could be the culprit of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression of large population quantities. Our results showed a subordinate overall resilience in the general Iranian population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Ghamari
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | - Reza Shahriarirad
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Moens IS, van Gerven LJ, Debeij SM, Bakker CH, Moester MJC, Mooijaart SP, van der Pas S, Vangeel M, Gussekloo J, Drewes YM, Elzen WPJ. Positive health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey among community-dwelling older individuals in the Netherlands. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:51. [PMID: 35026990 PMCID: PMC8756757 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) reached the Netherlands in February 2020. To minimize the spread of the virus, the Dutch government announced an “intelligent lockdown”. Older individuals were urged to socially isolate completely, because they are at risk of a severe disease course. Although isolation reduces the medical impact of the virus, the non-medical impact should also be considered. Aim To investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictive measures on the six dimensions of Positive Health in community-dwelling older individuals living in the Netherlands, and to identify differences within subgroups. Methods In May/June 2020, community-dwelling older individuals aged ≥ 65 years completed an online survey based on Huber’s model of Positive Health. Positive Health was measured regarding the appreciation of the six dimensions (categorized as poor/satisfactory/excellent) and a comparison with a year before (categorized as decreased/unchanged/increased) using frequencies (%) and a chi-square test. Results 834 older individuals participated (51% women, 38% aged ≥ 76 years, 35% living alone, 16% self-rated poor health). Most respondents assessed their bodily functions, mental well-being and daily functioning as satisfactory, their meaningfulness and quality of life (QoL) as excellent, and their social participation as poor. 12% of the respondents reported a deterioration of 4–6 dimensions and 73% in 1–3 dimensions, compared to the past year. Deterioration was most frequently experienced in the dimension social participation (73%), the dimension mental well-being was most frequently improved (37%) and quality of life was in 71% rated as unchanged. Women more often observed a deterioration of 4–6 dimensions than men (15% vs. 8%, p = 0.001), and individuals with self-rated poor health more often than individuals with self-rated good health (22% vs. 10%, p < 0.001). Older individuals living alone experienced more frequently a decrease in meaningfulness compared to older individuals living together. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictive measures had a substantial impact on all six dimensions of Positive Health in community-dwelling older individuals, especially in women, respondents living alone and respondents with self-rated poor general health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02737-2.
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Balakrishnan V, Ng KS, Kaur W, Lee ZL. COVID-19 mental health prevalence and its risk factors in South East Asia. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 35035200 PMCID: PMC8752185 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the record surge of positive cases in Southeast Asia, there is a need to examine the adverse mental effects of COVID-19 among the under-researched countries. This study aims to synthesize the extant literature reporting the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological outcomes of people in Southeast Asia, and its risk factors. A scoping review was adopted targeting articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus from January 2020 to March 30, 2021. Articles were screened using predetermined eligibility criteria, resulting in 26 papers. Elevated prevalence of adverse mental effects was noted in most of the countries as the pandemic progressed over time, with Malaysia and Philippines reporting higher prevalence rates. Mental decline was found to be more profound among the general population compared to healthcare workers and students. Dominant risk factors reported were age (younger), sex (females), education (higher), low coping skill and social/family support, and poor reliability in COVID-19 related information. Adverse mental effects were noted among population, healthcare workers and students in most of the Southeast Asian countries. Intervention and prevention efforts should be based at community-level and prioritize young adults, females, and individuals with dire financial constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Balakrishnan
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Seong Ng
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wandeep Kaur
- Faculty of Information Science & Technology, Univeriti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Lek Lee
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pokharel R, Shah T, Lama S, Karki A, Shrestha E. Psychosocial responses to COVID-19 among nurses in two hospitals: a mixed method study at Eastern Nepal. J Ment Health 2022; 31:551-559. [PMID: 34983289 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.2022634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most documented studies have focused on mental health status of health care workers during the pandemic but there are very few studies, focusing on mitigation of mental health problems among nurses. AIM To study psychosocial responses to COVID-19 and the effectiveness of intervention among nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mixed-method study was conducted, including 278 nurses from two COVID-19 hospitals of the province by purposive sampling. Depression, anxiety and stress and a composite measure of personal financial burden scales for quantitative; and interview guide for qualitative data were used. A psychosocial strengthening session was introduced and the effectiveness of the program was assessed after 4-5 weeks of intervention. RESULTS Mild, moderate and severe depression was found among 13.7%, 9.4% and 1.1% of the participants correspondingly. Mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe anxiety was found among 21.2%, 8.6%, 3.2% and 2.2% of the participants respectively. Stress was mild among 9% and moderate in 1.4% of the participants. Lack of PPE and fear of transmitting infection were found as frequent causes of problems. Mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress were significantly decreased after the psychosocial strengthening program. CONCLUSION Depression, anxiety and stress are common issues of nurses. Common causes of problems were lack of resources, fear of being infected and fear of transmitting to family members. The psychosocial strengthening program was effective in reducing the problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pokharel
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Tara Shah
- Department of Community Health Nursing, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Sami Lama
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | - Erina Shrestha
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
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75
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Lakshmi KP, Chandra S, Menon B, Radhamany K, Rajana P, Suresh P. Psychological distress in pregnant women: A cross-sectional study. ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_174_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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So CJ, Kim J, Cifre AB, Gonzalez RD, Bower JL, Alfano CA. Validation of the Mental Health Checklist (MHCL) during COVID-19 lockdown. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:502-514. [PMID: 33999434 PMCID: PMC8242690 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented disruption to everyday life, including widespread social distancing and self-quarantining aimed at reducing the virus spread. The Mental Health Checklist (MHCL) is a measure developed to assess psychological health during extended periods of isolation and confinement, and has shown strong psychometric properties in community samples and during Antarctic missions. This study validated the MHCL in a sample of 359 U.S. and U.K adults during the peak of the COVID-19 lockdown. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested model fit, and convergent validity analyses were conducted to compare the MHCL with validated measures of depression, anxiety and stress, as well as insomnia. The MHCL exhibited good model fit for most CFA indices, and showed strong convergent validity with other measures of psychological well-being. Findings suggest that the MHCL is useful for assessing mental health in a variety of environments and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J. So
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jinu Kim
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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77
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Tokur Kesgin M, Hançer Tok H, Uzun LN, Pehlivan Ş. Comparison of anxiety levels of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, individuals under quarantine, and individuals in society. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:149-158. [PMID: 34018193 PMCID: PMC8242866 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to compare the anxiety levels of COVID-19 patients, individuals under quarantine, and healthy individuals in society. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 25, 2020 to June 25, 2020 in a city located in the northwest of Turkey. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Beck Anxiety Scale, administered in face-to-face interviews, and online questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and logistic regression analyses. FINDINGS The anxiety level of individuals under quarantine (Median: min-max = 1: 0-55) was significantly lower statistically compared to that of the rest of the society (Median: min-max = 6: 0-63) and hospitalized COVID-19 patients (Median: min-max = 5: 0-42) (p = 0.0001). Female gender, being 61 years of age and older, having psychiatric and chronic illnesses, and experiencing disrupted sleep patterns were determined to be the factors associated with high levels of anxiety. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study found that society in general and hospitalized COVID-19 patients had high anxiety levels. The study results can be useful for creating training and population-based screening programs to control the anxiety of individuals under quarantine, hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and the rest of the society during the pandemic. Additionally, the finding from this study on groups at risk for anxiety will provide important data for future research on this subject and for the planning of health services offered to these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makbule Tokur Kesgin
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hümeyra Hançer Tok
- Bolu Department of Mental Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Lütfiye N Uzun
- Department of Nursing, Bolu State Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Şenay Pehlivan
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
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78
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Bull's eye or typhoon eye? Psychological distress and associated factors in Wuhan and surrounding areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 9:193-201. [PMID: 36606232 PMCID: PMC8987649 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant psychological consequences among the public, especially for people in the epicenter. This study examined the 'bull's eye' model by comparing the level of psychological distress and the effect of different stressors in Wuhan (the original epicenter) with that in the surrounding areas in Hubei Province during the pandemic. Data were obtained from a cross-national survey of 10 478 respondents between the ages of 18 and 80 years in Hubei Province during the peak of the pandemic. Results of the ordinary least squares regression models showed that Wuhan residents experienced more psychological distress than those in the surrounding areas. Social and economic problems caused by the pandemic, risk exposure, perceived discrimination, and information-seeking behaviors were positively associated with distress. Social assistance was negatively associated with distress. Findings were consistent with the bull's eye model by revealing both a higher level of psychological distress and a stronger effect of stressors among the Wuhan residents than with those in low-risk areas. Thus, policymakers and psychological workers should provide adequate psychological services in high-risk areas. Lowering risk exposure, reducing discrimination against people in the epicenter, and improving information quality are essential to alleviate their psychological distress.
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79
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Çakmaklı C, Demiralp S, Ergönül Ö, Yeşiltaş S, Yıldırım MA. The Role of Institutional, Cultural, and Economic Factors on the Effectiveness of the Lockdown Measures. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 116:111-113. [PMID: 34954312 PMCID: PMC8765763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study considered the role of institutional, cultural and economic factors in the effectivemess of lockdown measures during the coronavirus pandemic. Earlier studies focusing on cross-sectional data found an association between low case numbers and a higher level of cultural tightness. Meanwhile, institutional strength and income levels revealed a puzzling negative relationship with the number of cases and deaths. Methods Data available at the end of September 2021 were used to analyse the dynamic impact of these factors on the effectiveness of lockdowns. The cross-sectional dimension of country-level data was combined with the time-series dimension of pandemic-related measures, using econometric techniques dealing with panel data. Findings Greater stringency of lockdown measures was associated with fewer cases. Institutional strength enhanced this negative relationship. Countries with well-defined and established laws performed better for a given set of lockdown measures compared with countries with weaker institutional structures. Cultural tightness reduced the effectiveness of lockdowns, in contrast to previous findings at cross-sectional level. Conclusion Institutional strength plays a greater role than cultural and economic factors in enhancing the performance of lockdowns. These results underline the importance of strengthening institutions for pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Çakmaklı
- Koç University, College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Department of Economics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selva Demiralp
- Koç University, College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Department of Economics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Ergönül
- Koç University, School of Medicine, Department of lnfectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, lstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Yeşiltaş
- Koç University, College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Department of Economics, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed A Yıldırım
- Koç University, College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Department of Economics, Istanbul, Turkey; Growth Lab, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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80
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Akca A, Ayaz-Alkaya S. Media use, positive and negative emotions, and stress levels of adults during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Pract 2021; 28:e13035. [PMID: 34914153 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to determine media use, positive and negative emotions, and stress levels of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND Using media tools in the pandemic process has impacted the mental health of individuals. As the COVID-19 outbreak is a new disease fear, anxiety and stress about this situation can cause strong emotions in adults. METHODS The research was carried out using a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 1541 adults. The Positive and Negative Emotion Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to collect the data. RESULTS The Positive Emotion Scale mean scores were lower (p < 0.05) for those people whose daily media use time was more than 4 h and who followed the developments about COVID-19 through the media once a day. It was found that those with daily media use of more than 4 h/day had higher Perceived Stress Scale scores than those with lower use (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study concluded that the use of media in adults increased during the COVID-19 outbreak and that media use was associated with positive and negative emotions and stress levels. Health professionals should assess the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health in various community groups and develop interventions to prevent negative consequences of increased media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Akca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sultan Ayaz-Alkaya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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81
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Petrova NN, Khvostikova DA. Prevalence, Structure, and Risk Factors for Mental Disorders in Older People. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8654500 DOI: 10.1134/s2079057021040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on assessing the prevalence and risk factors of mental disorders in older people in the modern era, including the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Elsevier, and Google using keywords over the past 10 years. Substantial discrepancy of data on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders has been shown in the elderly population. The significant incidence of mental disorders among nursing home residents is highlighted. The relevance of nonpsychotic depressive and anxiety disorders is demonstrated for the elderly, along with the difficulty of diagnosing mental disorders associated with physical pathology and cognitive impairments. The risk factors for mental disorders in older adults are socio-demographic but also economic, psychological, and physical. The problem of mental health of the elderly is characterized for the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic associated with specific risk factors for psychiatric disorders. The shortage of evidence-based research in the treatment of mental disorders in the elderly and the urgency to improve the organization of psychiatric care for such patients are noted. Understanding the structure and prevalence of mental disorders among the elderly will allow optimizing the functioning of healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Petrova
- St. Petersburg State University, 199106 St. Petersburg, Russia
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82
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Dehghan M, Namjoo Z, Mohammadi Akbarabadi F, Fooladi Z, Zakeri MA. The relationship between anxiety, stress, spiritual health, and mindfulness among patients undergoing hemodialysis: A survey during the COVID-19 outbreak in Southeast Iran. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e461. [PMID: 34938901 PMCID: PMC8670730 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hemodialysis patients are prone to high stress and anxiety related to the acute coronavirus epidemic. Mindfulness and spiritual health are among the factors associated with stressful and anxious situations. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between mindfulness, spiritual health, and coronavirus stress/anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS One hundred and forty-four patients underwent hemodialysis participated in this cross-sectional study. Patients completed the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Form, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), stress subscale of DASS-21, The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory- Short Form (FMI-SF), and Spiritual Health Scale. RESULTS The results showed that 28.5% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety. According to the psychological symptom subscale (CDAS), 54.2% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety. According to the physical symptom subscale, 41.7% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety. Sixteen percent of the patients believed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and lockdown influenced their course of treatment. A significant association was found between coronavirus disease anxiety and mindfulness (r = -0.20, P < .05). No significant association was found between stress and mindfulness/spiritual health (P > .05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that coronavirus anxiety and stress are common in hemodialysis patients. Mindfulness may be effective in reducing coronavirus anxiety in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, interventions are suggested to increase the level of mindfulness and empower hemodialysis patients to cope with anxiety caused by crises such as the coronavirus outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlagha Dehghan
- Nursing Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Zakieh Namjoo
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and MidwiferyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | | | - Zahra Fooladi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and MidwiferyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zakeri
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
- Social Determinants of Health Research CentreRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
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83
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Radwan E, Radwan A, Radwan W, Pandey D. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study among Palestinian students (10-18 years). BMC Psychol 2021; 9:187. [PMID: 34847961 PMCID: PMC8630193 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic considers a threat to students' well-being and mental health. The current descriptive cross-sectional study aims to identify psychological distress among school students during the lockdown period. METHODS This study was carried out in a sample of 420 primary and secondary school students from June 10 to July 13, 2020, in the Gaza Strip in Palestine. Data was collected using an online questionnaire that included informed consent, socio-demographic questions, and a psychometric scale (DASS-21). RESULTS The results revealed that most students experienced moderate to severe levels of anxiety (89.1%) and depression (72.1%), whereas less than half of them (35.7%) experienced moderate to severe stress. Stress, anxiety and depression scores were significantly different across gender, age groups, family size, and family's economic status. The results showed that gender (β = -0.174, p < 0.001), age (β = -0.155, p = 0.001) and economic level of family (β = -0.147, p = 0.002) were negative predictors correlated with stress. Family size (β = 0.156, p = 0.001) played a positive role in stress. It was found that gender (β = -0.105, p = 0.031), age (β = -0.135, p = 0.006) and economic level of family (β = -0.136, p = 0.005) were negative predictors correlated with anxiety, whereas family size (β = 0.139, p = 0.004) played a positive role in anxiety. For depression, gender (β = -0.162, p = 0.001), age (β = -0.160, p = 0.001) and economic level of family (β = -0.131, p = 0.007) were negative predictors correlated with depression, whereas family size (β = -0.133, p = 0.006) was found to be a positive predictor. Concerns about the influence of COVID-19 on economic, education, and daily life were positively correlated to the levels of depression, anxiety and stress, whereas the availability of social support was negatively correlated. CONCLUSION The development of a health protocol for influenced students is urgently needed to maintain them remain resilient during dangerous times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eqbal Radwan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
- Directorate of Education-East Gaza, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
| | - Afnan Radwan
- Faculty of Education, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Walaa Radwan
- Faculty of Education, Ummah Open University, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Digvijay Pandey
- Department of Technical Education, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul, Kalam Technical University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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84
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Lu X, Lin Z. COVID-19, Economic Impact, Mental Health, and Coping Behaviors: A Conceptual Framework and Future Research Directions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:759974. [PMID: 34899503 PMCID: PMC8660126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.759974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious economic and social consequences. Recent research shows that the pandemic has not only caused a physical health crisis but also caused many psychological and mental crises. Based on the contemporary cognitive-behavioral models, this article offers a conceptual analysis of how the pandemic affects individual mental health and coping behaviors from the perspective of individual economic status, individual context, and social context. The analysis shows that (1) the pandemic has led to increased economic uncertainty, increased unemployment and underemployment pressure, increased income uncertainty, and different degrees of employment pressure and economic difficulties; (2) these difficulties have stimulated different levels of mental health problems, ranging from perceived insecurity (environmental, food safety, etc.), worry, fear, to stress, anxiety, depression, etc., and the mental health deterioration varies across different groups, with the symptoms of psychological distress are more obvious among disadvantageous groups; and (3) mental health problems have caused behavior changes, and various stress behaviors such as protective behaviors and resistive behaviors. Future research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lu
- School of Business Administration, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Durham University Business School, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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85
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Lee EPX, Man REK, Gan TLA, Fenwick EK, Aravindhan A, Ho KC, Sung SC, Wong TY, Ho CSH, Gupta P, Lamoureux EL. The longitudinal psychological, physical activity, and financial impact of a COVID-19 lockdown on older adults in Singapore: The PIONEER-COVID population-based study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 37:10.1002/gps.5645. [PMID: 34727407 PMCID: PMC8646416 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several countries have implemented 'lockdown' measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). AIMS To examine the psychological, physical activity (PA), and financial impact of a 2-month COVID-19 lockdown on older adults aged ≥60 years in Singapore, and to identify factors associated with adverse lockdown-related outcomes. METHOD We interviewed 496 community-dwelling adults (mean age [standard deviation]: 73.8 [7.6] years; 54.8% female) during the lockdown who had previously participated in a population-based epidemiological study. Validated questionnaires were utilised to assess loneliness and depressive symptoms at both timepoints, while inhouse questionnaires were used to assess PA and financial difficulty during lockdown. Multivariable regression models determined the lockdown-related change in loneliness and depression scores, and the factors associated with adverse outcomes. RESULTS Loneliness increased significantly during the lockdown period (p < 0.001) while depressive symptoms decreased (p = 0.022). Decreased PA, greater financial problems, male gender, Indian ethnicity, living alone, having a greater body mass index and perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 were all associated with worsening loneliness scores. A total of 36.9% and 19.6% participants reported decreased PA and had financial problems during the lockdown, respectively. Unemployment was associated with decreased PA, while self-employed individuals, cleaners, retail workers and smokers had greater odds of experiencing financial difficulty. CONCLUSION Despite a decrease in depressive symptoms, our population of older Asians reported a significant increase in loneliness and decreased PA, with one-fifth experiencing financial problems during lockdown. Our data suggest that more targeted public health efforts are needed to reduce repercussions of future lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Eyn Kidd Man
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore
- Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
| | | | | | | | - Kam Chun Ho
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore
- School of Optometry and Vision ScienceUniversity of New South Wales SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sharon Cohan Sung
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- Department of Developmental PsychiatryInstitute of Mental HealthSingapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore
- Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Cyrus Su Hui Ho
- Department of Psychological MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Ecosse L. Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore
- Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- Ophthalmology Eye and Ear HospitalThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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86
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Rimawi O, ALMasri H. Stress-induced cognition among radiologic technologists in COVID-19 quarantine centres in Palestine. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1346-1353. [PMID: 33742723 PMCID: PMC8250717 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 brought high mortality rate from the viral infection and caused a huge psychological stress for healthcare staff who work under great pressure during the pandemic. AIMS The purpose of this study is to assess the level of stress-induced cognition among radiologic technologists (RTs) in COVID-19 quarantine centres in Palestine after the outbreak of COVID-19. METHODS Stress-induced cognition was assessed using Stress-induced Cognition Scale (SCS) questionnaire. The validity and stability of the measuring tool was verified. The sample consisted of 61 RTs who are working currently at various quarantine centres in Palestine. RESULTS Cognition-induced stress was higher than average. There was a statistically significant difference between RTs working directly with COVID-19 patient compared with RTs working indirectly. Additionally, results show an increased level of stress for RTs having children compared with single or non-parent RTs. Also, RTs who dealt with COVID-19 patients for prolonged periods over a month had higher level of stress-induced cognition. Other variables did not show significant differences among RTs. CONCLUSION It is recommended to provide psychological support for RTs who dealt and are currently involved in COVID-19 quarantine centres to alleviate stress-induced cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rimawi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of EducationAl‐Quds UniversityJerusalemPalestine
| | - Hussein ALMasri
- Medical Imaging Department, Faculty of Health ProfessionsAl‐Quds UniversityJerusalemPalestine
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87
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Li N, Li S, Fan L. Risk Factors of Psychological Disorders After the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Emotional Intelligence. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:696-704. [PMID: 34420819 PMCID: PMC8453612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined the risk factors of psychological disorders after COVID-19 outbreak and tested the possible mediating role of social support and emotional intelligence on the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic exposure and psychological disorders. METHODS We conducted an online survey from May 25, 2020 until June 10, 2020 among Chinese university students who had been quarantined at home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Social support was assessed using the Social Support Rating Scale. Self-perceived emotional competency was measured using a Chinese version of the self-report Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale. The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to assess nonspecific symptoms of psychological disorders. RESULTS A total of 6,027 college students participated in the survey, of whom 2,732 (45.3%) reported mental health issues. Men and people in a relationship showed higher frequencies of psychological disorders. Social support and emotional intelligence were both negatively associated with psychological disorders. Stepwise linear regression revealed that the most important predictors of psychological disorders were self-emotion appraisal, family relationships, and showing panic about COVID-19 on the social media. Path analysis suggested that the association between pandemic exposure and psychological disorders was partially mediated by emotional intelligence, but not by social support. CONCLUSIONS Emotional intelligence may mediate the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic exposure and psychological disorders. Psychological interventions fostering emotional intelligence and social support should be implemented among university students to reduce the psychological harm caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Mental Health Education Center, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuyue Li
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lurong Fan
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-Disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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88
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Mohammed Z, Arafa A, Atlam E, El‐Qerafi N, El‐Shazly M, Al‐Hazazi O, Ewis A. Psychological problems among the university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14853. [PMID: 34516702 PMCID: PMC8646281 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency that represents a challenge to psychological health. This study aimed to assess the psychological conditions among university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS During the period between the 4th and 18th of June 2020, the students of Umm AlQura University in Saudi Arabia were invited to complete an online survey. The survey assessed their sociodemographic characteristics, educational disciplines, and manifestations of psychological health problems including depression, anxiety, and stress as determined by the Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). RESULTS The study included 936 university students (56.4% women and 43.6% men). Of them, 41.1% had depressive symptoms (31.7% mild to moderate and 9.4% severe to very severe), 26.9% had anxiety symptoms (15.8% mild to moderate and 11.1% severe to very severe), and 22.4% had stress symptoms (15.2% mild to moderate and 7.2% severe to very severe). Students who reported having a friend or relative infected with or died of COVID-19, watching or reading news about the pandemic ≥2 hours/day, and not getting emotional support from family, university, and society were more likely to show psychological problems. CONCLUSION Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were common among Saudi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological counselling and support should be provided to university students in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mohammed
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni‐SuefEgypt
| | - Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni‐SuefEgypt
- Department of Public HealthGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - El‐Sayed Atlam
- Department of computer scienceFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityEgypt
- Department of computer scienceCollege of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityYanbuSaudi Arabia
| | - Nader El‐Qerafi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthAl‐Madinah Health Affairs DirectorateAl‐Madinah Al‐MunawwarahSaudi Arabia
| | - Momen El‐Shazly
- Department of MedicineTaibah College of MedicineTaibah UniversityAl‐Madinah Al‐MunawwarahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Occupational MedicineFaculty of MedicineSohag UniversitySohagEgypt
| | - Omar Al‐Hazazi
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUmm AlQura UniversityMeccaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ewis
- Department of Public Health and Occupational MedicineFaculty of MedicineMinia UniversityEl‐MiniaEgypt
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of Health Sciences – AlQunfudahUmm AlQura UniversityMeccaSaudi Arabia
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89
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van der Zee-Neuen A, Seymer A, Schaffler-Schaden D, Herfert J, ÓBrien J, Johansson T, Kutschar P, Ludwig S, Stöggl T, Keeley D, Flamm M, Osterbrink J. Association of national COVID-19 cases with objectively and subjectively measured mental health proxies in the Austrian Football league – an epidemiological study. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1994473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antje van der Zee-Neuen
- Centre for Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Seymer
- Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dagmar Schaffler-Schaden
- Centre for Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute of General Practice, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - James ÓBrien
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Thalgau, Austria
- The Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Tim Johansson
- Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick Kutschar
- Centre for Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology (IVM), University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Thalgau, Austria
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Hallein, Austria
| | - David Keeley
- Electronic Caregiver, Divison of Innovation, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Maria Flamm
- Centre for Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute of General Practice, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jürgen Osterbrink
- Centre for Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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90
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León-Paucar SD, Calderón-Olivos BC, Calizaya-Milla YE, Saintila J. Depression, dietary intake, and body image during coronavirus disease 2019 quarantine in Peru: An online cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211051914. [PMID: 34659768 PMCID: PMC8511913 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211051914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 affects the psychological well-being of
populations. In the same way, it can be a potential threat to body image.
The aim of the study was to explore associations between depressive
symptoms, dietary intake, and body image during coronavirus disease 2019
quarantine. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in 589 Peruvian adults, 297 men
(50.4%) and 292 women (49.6%). The mean age was 30.2 ± 9.4 years (range:
18–59 years). Participants completed three questionnaires, including a food
frequency questionnaire, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Patient
Health Questionnaire-9. Moreover, sociodemographic data were collected. The
data were analyzed using the statistical software IBM SPSS version 24, and
the chi-square test was used. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: A total of 37.7% and 43.6% of the women reported depressive symptoms and
dissatisfaction with body image, respectively. Depressive symptoms were
associated with dietary intake and dissatisfaction with body image
(p < 0.05). Dissatisfaction with body image was associated with dietary
intake (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Depressive symptomatology plays an important role in the dietary intake and
body image of the study population. It is suggested to address these factors
through the implementation of health campaign programs and personalized
therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla D León-Paucar
- Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Bella C Calderón-Olivos
- Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla
- Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú.,Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida (GINEV), Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Jacksaint Saintila
- Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú.,Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilos de Vida (GINEV), Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
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91
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Ho TTQ. Stress and the development of depressive symptoms among Facebook users: A moderated mediation model of poor sleep quality and anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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92
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Martín J, Padierna Á, Villanueva A, Quintana JM. Evaluation of the mental health of health professionals in the COVID-19 era. What mental health conditions are our health care workers facing in the new wave of coronavirus? Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14607. [PMID: 34231287 PMCID: PMC8420292 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to analyse the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a broad sample of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Spain and to identify potential factors that have a significant effect on their mental health and HRQoL. METHOD This prospective cohort study comprised 2089 HCWs who completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the health-related quality of life Questionnaire (EQ-5D). Sociodemographic and clinical data in relation to Covid-19 were also recorded. Descriptive statistics, univariable analysis and multivariable linear regression models were applied to identify factors associated with mental health and HRQoL. RESULTS 80.87% of participants were female and 19.13% male; 82.38% were aged under 55 years; 39.13% were physicians and 50.17% were nurses or auxiliaries; 80.42% of the health workers have directly treated patients with Covid-19 and 12.28% have themselves tested positive for Covid-19. 38.58% of HCWs had clinical depression; over half (51.75%) had clinical anxiety; 60.4% had clinical stress; and 21.57% had clinical insomnia. Older professionals (>55 years) reported lower rates of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and stress. Having worked directly with Covid-19 patients appears to be an explanatory variable of suffering greater anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia, and of having a worse HRQoL amongst our HCWs. The group of HCWs suffering the worst mental state were nursing home workers. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that symptomatology of anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, and HRQoL were affected amongst HCW during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Martín
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network – REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ángel Padierna
- Department of PsychiatryGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ane Villanueva
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain
| | - José M. Quintana
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network – REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
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93
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Han L, Zhan Y, Li W, Xu Y, Xu Y, Zhao J. Associations Between the Perceived Severity of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Cyberchondria, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Lockdown Experience: Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e31052. [PMID: 34478402 PMCID: PMC8448083 DOI: 10.2196/31052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused great panic among the public, with many people suffering from adverse stress reactions. To control the spread of the pandemic, governments in many countries have imposed lockdown policies. In this unique pandemic context, people can obtain information about pandemic dynamics on the internet. However, searching for health-related information on the internet frequently increases the possibility of individuals being troubled by the information that they find, and consequently, experiencing symptoms of cyberchondria. Objective We aimed to examine the relationships between people’s perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and their depression, anxiety, and stress to explore the role of cyberchondria, which, in these relationship mechanisms, is closely related to using the internet. In addition, we also examined the moderating role of lockdown experiences. Methods In February 2020, a total of 486 participants were recruited through a web-based platform from areas in China with a large number of infections. We used questionnaires to measure participants’ perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, to measure the severity of their cyberchondria, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and to assess their lockdown experiences. Confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, common method bias, descriptive statistical analysis, and correlation analysis were performed, and moderated mediation models were examined. Results There was a positive association between perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and depression (β=0.36, t=8.51, P<.001), anxiety (β=0.41, t=9.84, P<.001), and stress (β=0.46, t=11.45, P<.001), which were mediated by cyberchondria (β=0.36, t=8.59, P<.001). The direct effects of perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety (β=0.07, t=2.01, P=.045) and stress (β=0.09, t=2.75, P=.006) and the indirect effects of cyberchondria on depression (β=0.10, t=2.59, P=.009) and anxiety (β=0.10, t=2.50, P=.01) were moderated by lockdown experience. Conclusions The higher the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the more serious individuals’ symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. In addition, the associations were partially mediated by cyberchondria. Individuals with higher perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to develop cyberchondria, which aggravated individuals’ depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Negative lockdown experiences exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanru Zhan
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Weizi Li
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhe Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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94
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Davila-Torres DM, Vilcas-Solís GE, Rodríguez-Vásquez M, Calizaya-Milla YE, Saintila J. Eating habits and mental health among rugby players of the Peruvian pre-selection during the second quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211043718. [PMID: 34504708 PMCID: PMC8423319 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211043718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the mental health and
diet of populations. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the eating habits and mental
health status of the rugby players of the Peruvian pre-selection were
affected by the second quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out through a pre-structured online
survey in 74 players, 42 men (56.8%) and 32 women (43.2%). The mean age was
20.5 ± 4.4 years. Participants completed a validated food frequency
questionnaire and depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: 58.1% of the respondents reported that their dietary intake remained the same
or increased. 58.3% of the players experienced anxiety, among which 26.4%
reported moderate and severe symptoms. A greater proportion of participants
<20 years old reported depression compared to those ⩾20 years (68.6% vs
31.4%, p = 0.010). Those who reported inadequate food
intake were more likely to report depressive symptoms (p =
0.006). Conclusion: These findings reaffirm the need to implement programs of psychological
support and nutritional counseling among athletes to reduce negative
symptoms and better face mental health and dietary challenges in these times
of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Davila-Torres
- Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Gabriela E Vilcas-Solís
- Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Mery Rodríguez-Vásquez
- Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla
- Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú.,Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilo de Vida (GINEV), Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Jacksaint Saintila
- Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú.,Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Estilo de Vida (GINEV), Escuela de Nutrición Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
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95
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Thomas D, Lawton R, Brown T, Kranton R. Prevalence, severity and distribution of depression and anxiety symptoms using observational data collected before and nine months into the COVID-19 pandemic. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2021; 1:100009. [PMID: 34514462 PMCID: PMC8421709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by substantial increases in adverse mental health, particularly among the young. However, it remains unclear to what extent increases in population scores on mental health assessments are due to changes in prevalence, rather than severity of symptoms. Further, it is not obvious that widely used assessments of aggregate symptoms retain their typical interpretation during an event that directly disrupts behavior. METHODS Pre-pandemic data on workers age 18-69y in the 2019 National Health Interview Survey are reweighted to match distributions of demographic characteristics of Duke University employees surveyed nine months into the pandemic. The latter population was at low risk of infection or economic insecurity. Prevalence, severity, and scores for each of nine symptoms are compared overall and by age group. OUTCOMES Elevated psychological distress is primarily driven by increases in prevalence of particular symptoms. Prevalence of trouble concentrating increased six-fold from 9.6% to 72.5%. Other symptoms increased by over one-third; feeling anxious, having little interest, feeling depressed, sleep problems and being irritable, while some symptoms rose only 10% or less. Severity also increased but magnitudes are small relative to prevalence changes. Escalation in prevalence and severity are greatest for the youngest. INTERPRETATION Some of the least prevalent symptoms pre-pandemic became the most prevalent during the pandemic, affecting interpretation of indices validated pre-pandemic. Clinical and policy interventions should focus on specific symptoms that increased including trouble concentrating and anxiety. FUNDING Trinity College of Arts & Sciences and Social Science Research Institute at Duke University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Thomas
- Department of Economics, Duke University, 213 Social Sciences, 419 Chapel Drive, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Corresponding author: Duncan Thomas, Telephone: 919-360-9094
| | - Ralph Lawton
- Department of Economics, Duke University, 213 Social Sciences, 419 Chapel Drive, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tyson Brown
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, 276 Reuben-Cooke, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Kranton
- Department of Economics, Duke University, 213 Social Sciences, 419 Chapel Drive, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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96
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Facebook Addiction Partially Mediated the Association Between Stress Symptoms and Sleep Disturbance Among Facebook Users. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 21:756-766. [PMID: 34426729 PMCID: PMC8373293 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress symptoms, Facebook addiction, and sleep disturbances have important effects on the health of every individual. However, very few studies have examined the association between stress symptoms, Facebook addiction, and sleep disturbances. This study investigated the mediating effect of Facebook addiction on the association between stress symptoms and sleep disturbances among Facebook users in Vietnam. Three hundred fifty-four Facebook users in Vietnam have completed measures to assess symptoms of stress, levels of Facebook addiction, and sleep disturbances. In the sample, stress was positively associated with sleep disturbances and Facebook addiction partially mediated the association between stress and sleep disturbance (stress was positively associated with Facebook addiction and Facebook addiction was positively associated with sleep disturbances). Thus, our findings demonstrate that stressful individuals tend to be addicted to Facebook, which increase the risk of sleep disturbances. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving sleep quality for Facebook users should focus on reducing stress and reducing dependence on Facebook.
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97
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Lino JA, C G Frota LG, V Abdon AP, Cavalheri V, Mont'Alverne DGB, Mesquita R. Sleep quality and associated factors amongst Brazilian physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:2612-2620. [PMID: 34402721 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1965271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of sleep problems and associated factors among Brazilian physiotherapists during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS Cross-sectional online survey of physiotherapists in Brazil. Sociodemographic data, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI) and symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress (21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - DASS-21) were assessed. RESULTS 342 physiotherapists responded the survey (18% male, median age 31 [27-38] years, 78% frontline workers). The three biggest fears reported by frontline physiotherapists were fear of being infected (48%), shortage of personal protective equipment (24%) and the severity of the disease (16%). The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality was 86%. Frontline physiotherapists showed worse scores on all PSQI components but sleep latency, disturbances and daytime dysfunction (p ≤ 0.037). Symptoms of anxiety and stress were highest in frontline workers (p ≤ 0.032). Being a frontline worker was independently associated with a poor sleep quality (odds ratio [95% CI] 1.99 [1.01 to 3.93]). CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality was highly prevalent among Brazilian physiotherapists during the COVID-19 outbreak. Frontline physiotherapists showed worse sleep quality and more symptoms of anxiety and stress than non-frontline physiotherapists. Being at the frontline was associated with a higher chance of poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Lino
- Masters And Doctoral Programs In Medical Sciences, Federal University Of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luiza Gabriela C G Frota
- Masters And Doctoral Programs In Medical Sciences, Federal University Of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula V Abdon
- Postgraduate Program In Collective Health, University Of Fortaleza - Unifor, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cavalheri
- Curtin School Of Allied Health, Faculty Of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Allied Health, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniela G B Mont'Alverne
- Department Of Physiotherapy, Federal University Of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Masters Program In Physiotherapy And Functioning, Federal University Of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mesquita
- Department Of Physiotherapy, Federal University Of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Masters Program In Physiotherapy And Functioning, Federal University Of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Masters Program In Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University Of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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98
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Yang F, Lin W, Frost E, Min Y, Xu X, Wang X, Li W, Leng Y, Zhao X, He W, Hsing AW, Zhu S. Association between contact with a general practitioner and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: a large community-based study in Hangzhou, China. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052383. [PMID: 34389582 PMCID: PMC8366284 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association of general practitioner (GP) contact with depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in China. DESIGN In April 2020, a follow-up survey was conducted on the basis of a baseline survey conducted between October 2018 and May 2019. SETTING The survey was embedded in the Stanford Wellness Living Laboratory-China (WELL China) study, an ongoing prospective community-based cohort study during 2018-2019. PARTICIPANTS The survey was conducted by telephone interview among 4144 adult urban residents participating in the WELL China study at baseline. We collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms and GP contact during the lockdown period (February to March 2020). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Depressive symptoms were measured using the WHO-Five Well-being Index, comprising five questionnaire items that briefly indicate psychological well-being. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between GP contact and depressive symptoms. RESULTS In total, 3356 participants responded to the survey; 203 were excluded owing to missing data on depressive symptoms, leaving 3153 participants in the present study. During lockdown, 449 participants had GP contact. GP contact was significantly negatively associated with prevalent depressive symptoms (OR, 0.67; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.89; p<0.01) and incident depressive symptoms (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.93; p<0.05). Stratified analysis showed a significant negative association between depressive symptoms and GP contact in individuals who were 45-64 years old (p<0.01), had a middle or high education (p<0.01) and had self-reported non-communicable diseases (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Contact with GPs during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns may have a negative association with depressive symptoms in community-dwelling populations. Given the possibility of further surges in COVID-19 infections, GPs' contact in the community should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Lin
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration,School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Eleanor Frost
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yan Min
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hospital Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Leng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xueyin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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99
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Racine S, Miller A, Mehak A, Trolio V. Examining risk and protective factors for psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2021; 35:124-140. [PMID: 34314272 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1958789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted people's lives, with significant mental health consequences emerging. In addition to sociodemographic and COVID-19 specific factors, psychological risk and protective mechanisms likely influence individual differences in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined associations between a broad set of risk and protective factors with depression, anxiety, alcohol problems, and eating pathology, and investigated interactions between objective stress due to COVID-19 and risk/protective variables in predicting psychopathology. METHODS Participants were 877 adults (73.7% female) recruited via internet sources from around the globe, but primarily residing in North America (87.4%). RESULTS Structural equation modelling revealed that certain risk and protective factors (e.g., loneliness, mindfulness) were broadly related to psychopathology, whereas others showed unique relations with specific symptoms (e.g., greater repetitive thinking and anxiety; low meaning and purpose and depression). COVID-19 objective stress interacted with risk factors, but not protective factors, to predict greater anxiety symptoms, but not other forms of psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Findings contribute to our understanding of psychological mechanisms underlying individual differences in psychopathology in the context of a global stressor. Strategies that reduce loneliness and increase mindfulness will likely impact the greatest number of mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Racine
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexia Miller
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Adrienne Mehak
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vittoria Trolio
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Samy AL, Awang Bono S, Tan SL, Low WY. Mental Health and COVID-19: Policies, Guidelines, and Initiatives from the Asia-Pacific Region. Asia Pac J Public Health 2021; 33:839-846. [PMID: 34308673 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211025901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 due to rapid intercontinental spread and high morbidity and mortality. Globally, the disease has had a major impact on human lives, including health, economic, employment, psychological, and overall well-being. The COVID-19, besides causing respiratory, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases, has had significant impact on mental health. Major mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and stress, have risen in parallel with increasing prevalence of COVID-19. Many population groups, including children, the elderly, those with chronic illnesses, and health care workers, have been affected. This review gives an overall assessment of the prevalence of COVID-19-associated psychological morbidity. In countries in the Asia-Pacific region, prevalence of depression ranged between 4.9% and 43.1%, anxiety from 7.0 to 43.0%, and stress from 3.4% to 35.7%. As COVID-19 continues to severely affect the psychosocial well-being of the population at large, countries have developed and revised policies, guidelines, and introduced new initiatives to curb mental health issues among their citizens. In the long run, pre-disaster preparedness is important to alleviate long-term post-pandemic psychiatric morbidity and to develop psychological resilience toward disasters and pandemic, alongside investment for better mental health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lourdes Samy
- Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for ASEAN Regionalism, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzanna Awang Bono
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Shu Leed Tan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Yun Low
- Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for ASEAN Regionalism, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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