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Li C, Li L, Yang M, Zeng L, Sun L. PACS-2: A key regulator of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mishra HK, Ma J, Mendez D, Hullsiek R, Pore N, Walcheck B. Blocking ADAM17 Function with a Monoclonal Antibody Improves Sepsis Survival in a Murine Model of Polymicrobial Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186688. [PMID: 32932701 PMCID: PMC7555020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the culmination of hyperinflammation and immune suppression in response to severe infection. Neutrophils are critical early responders to bacterial infection but can become highly dysfunctional during sepsis and other inflammatory disorders. The transmembrane protease ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) is expressed by leukocytes and most other cells and has many substrates that regulate inflammation. We have reported that conditional knockout mice lacking ADAM17 in all leukocytes had a survival advantage during sepsis, which was associated with improved neutrophil effector functions. These and other findings indicate aberrant ADAM17 activity during sepsis. For this study, we evaluated for the first time the effects of an ADAM17 function blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis. Mice treated with the ADAM17 mAb MEDI3622 prior to sepsis induction exhibited significantly decreased mortality. When the ADAM17 mAb was combined with antibiotic administration, sepsis survival was markedly enhanced compared to either intervention alone, which was associated with a significant reduction in plasma levels of various inflammation-related factors. MEDI3622 and antibiotic administration after sepsis induction also significantly improved survival. Our results indicate that the combination of blocking ADAM17 as an immune modulator and appropriate antibiotics may provide a new therapeutic avenue for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant K. Mishra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (H.K.M.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (H.K.M.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Daniel Mendez
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (H.K.M.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Robert Hullsiek
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (H.K.M.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Nabendu Pore
- Early Oncology Clinical Science, Astra Zeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA;
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (H.K.M.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Manipulation of JAK/STAT Signalling by High-Risk HPVs: Potential Therapeutic Targets for HPV-Associated Malignancies. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090977. [PMID: 32899142 PMCID: PMC7552066 DOI: 10.3390/v12090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, DNA viruses that cause around 5% of all cancers in humans, including almost all cervical cancer cases and a significant proportion of anogenital and oral cancers. The HPV oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7 manipulate cellular signalling pathways to evade the immune response and promote virus persistence. The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway has emerged as a key mediator in a wide range of important biological signalling pathways, including cell proliferation, cell survival and the immune response. While STAT1 and STAT2 primarily drive immune signalling initiated by interferons, STAT3 and STAT5 have widely been linked to the survival and proliferative potential of a number of cancers. As such, the inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5 may offer a therapeutic benefit in HPV-associated cancers. In this review, we will discuss how HPV manipulates JAK/STAT signalling to evade the immune system and promote cell proliferation, enabling viral persistence and driving cancer development. We also discuss approaches to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway and how these could potentially be used in the treatment of HPV-associated disease.
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The role of IL-6 and other mediators in the cytokine storm associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:518-534.e1. [PMID: 32896310 PMCID: PMC7471766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic or mild, self-limited constitutional symptoms to a hyperinflammatory state ("cytokine storm") followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. The objective of this study was to provide an evidence-based review of the associated pathways and potential treatment of the hyperinflammatory state associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Dysregulated immune responses have been reported to occur in a smaller subset of those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, leading to clinical deterioration 7 to 10 days after initial presentation. A hyperinflammatory state referred to as cytokine storm in its severest form has been marked by elevation of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and other cytokines and severe CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lymphopenia and coagulopathy. Recognition of at-risk patients could permit early institution of aggressive intensive care and antiviral and immune treatment to reduce the complications related to this proinflammatory state. Several reports and ongoing clinical trials provide hope that available immunomodulatory therapies could have therapeutic potential in these severe cases. This review highlights our current state of knowledge of immune mechanisms and targeted immunomodulatory treatment options for the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
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de Araujo ED, Keserű GM, Gunning PT, Moriggl R. Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2002. [PMID: 32707820 PMCID: PMC7465272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the mutational landscape of the human cancer genome coding regions defined about 140 distinct cancer driver genes in 2013, which approximately doubled to 300 in 2018 following advances in systems cancer biology studies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin D. de Araujo
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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56
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Ye P, Xi Y, Huang Z, Xu P. Linking Obesity with Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology and Mechanistic Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061408. [PMID: 32486076 PMCID: PMC7352519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) has risen rapidly in recent decades. More than 650 million obese and 2 billion overweight individuals are currently living in the world. CRC is the third most common cancer. Obesity is regarded as one of the key environmental risk factors for the pathogenesis of CRC. In the present review, we mainly focus on the epidemiology of obesity and CRC in the world, the United States, and China. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including nutriology, adipokines and hormones, inflammation, gut microbiota, and bile acids. The unmet medical needs for obesity-related CRC are still remarkable. Understanding the molecular basis of these associations will help develop novel therapeutic targets and approaches for the treatment of obesity-related CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ye
- College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Yue Xi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-708-4694
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Arnaldez FI, O'Day SJ, Drake CG, Fox BA, Fu B, Urba WJ, Montesarchio V, Weber JS, Wei H, Wigginton JM, Ascierto PA. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer perspective on regulation of interleukin-6 signaling in COVID-19-related systemic inflammatory response. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000930. [PMID: 32385146 PMCID: PMC7211108 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems around the world. In patients who experience severe disease, acute respiratory distress is often accompanied by a pathological immune reaction, sometimes referred to as 'cytokine storm'. One hallmark feature of the profound inflammatory state seen in patients with COVID-19 who succumb to pneumonia and hypoxia is marked elevation of serum cytokines, especially interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 17 (IL-17), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Initial experience from the outbreaks in Italy, China and the USA has anecdotally demonstrated improved outcomes for critically ill patients with COVID-19 with the administration of cytokine-modulatory therapies, especially anti-IL-6 agents. Although ongoing trials are investigating anti-IL-6 therapies, access to these therapies is a concern, especially as the numbers of cases worldwide continue to climb. An immunology-informed approach may help identify alternative agents to modulate the pathological inflammation seen in patients with COVID-19. Drawing on extensive experience administering these and other immune-modulating therapies, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer offers this perspective on potential alternatives to anti-IL-6 that may also warrant consideration for management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary compromise that can be seen in patients with severe COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/complications
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/drug therapy
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/pathology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Inflammation/complications
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-23/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Janus Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/complications
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/immunology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology
- STAT Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Societies, Medical
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J O'Day
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Cancer Clinic, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, United States
- Providence Los Angeles Metro Hospitals, Santa Monica, California, United States
| | - Charles G Drake
- Herbert Irving Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bingqing Fu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Walter J Urba
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S Weber
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haiming Wei
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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58
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Heib M, Rose-John S, Adam D. Necroptosis, ADAM proteases and intestinal (dys)function. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 353:83-152. [PMID: 32381179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an unexpected connection between necroptosis and members of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) protease family has been reported. Necroptosis represents an important cell death routine which helps to protect from viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, maintains adult T cell homeostasis and contributes to the elimination of potentially defective organisms before parturition. Equally important for organismal homeostasis, ADAM proteases control cellular processes such as development and differentiation, immune responses or tissue regeneration. Notably, necroptosis as well as ADAM proteases have been implicated in the control of inflammatory responses in the intestine. In this review, we therefore provide an overview of the physiology and pathophysiology of necroptosis, ADAM proteases and intestinal (dys)function, discuss the contribution of necroptosis and ADAMs to intestinal (dys)function, and review the current knowledge on the role of ADAMs in necroptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heib
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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59
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Song XD, Wang YN, Zhang AL, Liu B. Advances in research on the interaction between inflammation and cancer. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519895347. [PMID: 31885347 PMCID: PMC7686609 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519895347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's response to cell damage. Cancer is a general
term that describes all malignant tumours. There are no confirmed data
on cancer-related inflammation, but some research suggests that up to
50% of cancers may be linked to inflammation, which has led to the
concept of ‘cancer-associated inflammation’. Although some cancer
patients do not appear to have a chronic inflammatory background,
there might be inflammatory cell infiltration in their cancer tissues.
The continuation of the inflammatory response plays an important role
in the initiation, promotion, malignant transformation, invasion and
metastasis of cancer. Anti-inflammatory therapy has been shown to have
some effects on the prevention and treatment of cancer, which supports
a pathogenic relationship between inflammation and cancer. This review
describes the interaction between inflammation and tumour development
and the main mechanism of regulation of the inflammatory response
during tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Da Song
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Hospital, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ni Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ai-Li Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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