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Zhang C, Wang W, Du C, Li H, Zhou K, Luan Z, Chang Y, Liu S, Wei Y. Autophagy in the pharmacological activities of celastrol (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:268. [PMID: 37206564 PMCID: PMC10189746 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a natural compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, possesses broad-spectrum pharmacological properties. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process through which cytoplasmic cargo is delivered to the lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy dysregulation contributes to multiple pathological processes. Therefore, targeting autophagic activity is a promising therapy for various diseases, as well as a drug-development strategy. According to previous studies, autophagy is specifically targeted and may be altered in response to celastrol treatment, highlighting that autophagy modulation is an important mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of celastrol for the treatment of various diseases. The present study summarizes the currently available information regarding the role of autophagy in the effect of celastrol to exert anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-pulmonary fibrosis and anti-macular degeneration activities. The diverse signaling pathways involved are also analyzed to provide insight into the mechanisms of action of celastrol and thereby pave the way for establishing celastrol as an efficacious autophagy modulator in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Chenhui Du
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Li
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Shanxi Institute of Energy, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Luan
- Experimental Management Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Yinxia Chang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Shan Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Yanming Wei, College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
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Mahmoud HA, Horany HEE, Aboalsoud M, Abd-Ellatif RN, Sheikh AAE, Aboalsoud A. Targeting Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis by Quercetin to Ameliorate Cisplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2023; 11:107-114. [PMID: 37448816 PMCID: PMC10337675 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_78_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quercetin is a flavonoid, with antioxidant and autophagy-modulating activities. Cisplatin is one of the platinum-based anticancer drugs. Early development of peripheral neuropathy as an adverse effect of cisplatin interferes with the continuation of therapy. Oxidative stress and autophagy impairment may play a role. Aim This study aimed to explore the possible protective effects of quercetin against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (control group) and Group 2 (cisplatin group) where peripheral neuropathy was induced using single ip injection of cisplatin. Group 3 (cisplatin + quercetin group) received single ip injection of cisplatin and was then treated with quercetin for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, nociception was evaluated by tail immersion test, and then, blood was collected for analysis of nerve growth factor. Sciatic nerve was used to assess histopathological changes and light chain 3-II by immunohistochemical staining. Reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, mTOR, and caspase-3 were estimated in sciatic nerve tissue homogenate. Results This research work revealed that quercetin significantly improved cisplatin-induced nociceptive impairment, attenuated cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis to protect against neuronal death. Conclusion From the current study, quercetin can act as a promising protective agent against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hemat E. El Horany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hail University, Hail, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Aboalsoud
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Ahmed El Sheikh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshimaa Aboalsoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Cilostazol novel neuroprotective mechanism against rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Correlation between Nrf2 and HMGB1/TLR4/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109986. [PMID: 37012873 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation induced by activation of the high mobility group box 1/ toll-like receptor 4 (HMGB1/TLR4) axis is one of the principal mechanisms involved in dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD), and its activation exacerbates oxidative stress augmenting neurodegeneration. AIMS This study investigated the novel neuroprotective effect of cilostazol on rotenone-intoxicated rats focusing on the HMGB1/TLR4 axis, erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt)/the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The aim is extended to correlate the Nrf2 expression with all assessed parameters as promising therapeutic targets for neuroprotection. MAIN METHODS Our experiment was designed as follows: vehicle group, cilostazol group, rotenone group (1.5 mg/kg, s.c), and the rotenone pretreated with cilostazol (50 mg/kg, p.o.) group. Eleven rotenone injections were injected day after day, while cilostazol was administered daily for 21 days. KEY FINDINGS Cilostazol significantly improved the neurobehavioral analysis, the histopathological examination, and dopamine levels. Moreover, the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) enhanced. These effects were associated with enhancement of the antioxidant expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 by 1.01 and 1.08-fold, respectively, and repression of HMGB1/TLR4 pathway by 50.2 % and 39.3 %, respectively. Upregulation of the neuro-survival PI3K and Akt expression by 2.26 and 2.69-fold, respectively, and readjusting mTOR overexpression. SIGNIFICANCE Cilostazol exerts a novel neuroprotective strategy against rotenone-induced neurodegeneration via activation of Nrf2/HO-1, suppression of HMGB1/TLR4 axis, upregulation of PI3K/Akt besides mTOR inhibition that compels more investigations with different PD models to clarify its precise role.
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Ma C, Wei X, Wang F, Zhang T, Jiang Y, Meng Z, Zhang Z. Tumor necrosis factor α–induced protein 3 mediates inflammation and neuronal autophagy in Parkinson's disease via the NFκB and mTOR pathways. Neurosci Lett 2023; 805:137223. [PMID: 37019273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to probe the function of tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) with its association with autophagy and inflammatory response. TNFAIP3 was reduced in the SN of PD patients (the GSE54282 dataset) and mice and in the MPP+-treated SK-N-SH cells. TNFAIP3 inhibited inflammatory response and enhanced autophagy, thereby alleviating PD in mice. NFκB and mTOR pathways were activated in the SN of PD mice and MPP+-treated cells. TNFAIP3 blocked the two pathways by preventing the p65 nuclear translocation and stabilizing DEPTOR, an endogenous inhibitor of mTOR. NFκB activator LPS and mTOR activator MHY1485 reversed the effects of TNFAIP3 on mitigation of injury in PD mice and in SK-N-SH cells induced with MPP+. Altogether, TNFAIP3 played a neuroprotective role in MPTP-induced mice by restricting NFκB and mTOR pathways.
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Ning B, Wang Z, Wu Q, Deng Q, Yang Q, Gao J, Fu W, Deng Y, Wu B, Huang X, Mei J, Fu W. Acupuncture inhibits autophagy and repairs synapses by activating the mTOR pathway in Parkinson's disease depression model rats. Brain Res 2023; 1808:148320. [PMID: 36914042 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture is a good treatment for depression in Parkinson's disease (DPD), so the possible mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of DPD was explored in this study. Firstly, observing the behavioral changes of the DPD rat model, the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the midbrain, the change of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the striatum, the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of DPD was discussed. Secondly, autophagy inhibitors and activators were selected to judge the effect of acupuncture on autophagy in the DPD rat model. Finally, an mTOR inhibitor was used to observe the effect of acupuncture on the mTOR pathway in the DPD rat model. The results showed that acupuncture could improve the motor and depressive symptoms of DPD model rats, increase the content of DA and 5-HT, and decrease the content of ɑ-syn in the striatum. Acupuncture inhibited the expression of autophagy in the striatum of DPD model rats. At the same time, acupuncture upregulates p-mTOR expression, inhibits autophagy, and promotes synaptic protein expression. Therefore, we concluded that acupuncture might improve the behavior of DPD model rats by activating the mTOR pathway, inhibiting autophagy from removing α-syn and repairing synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baile Ning
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyue Deng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichang Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jilin Mei
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Fu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Yang J, Hasenbilige, Bao S, Luo S, Jiang L, Li Q, Kong Y, Cao J. Inhibition of ATF4-mediated elevation of both autophagy and AKT/mTOR was involved in antitumorigenic activity of curcumin. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113609. [PMID: 36640941 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural hydrophobic polyphenol, carries significant anticancer activity. The protein kinase B (AKT)/the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and autophagy are well known to be involved in carcinogenesis, and usually, inhibition of mTOR is the main reason to promote autophagy. In this study, however, autophagy and mTOR were found to be inhibited simultaneously by curcumin treatments, and both of them played an important role in the effect of curcumin on suppressing the growth of A549 cells. Tunicamycin (TM), the activator of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, increased both autophagy and AKT/mTOR, while curcumin could significantly decrease TM-induced autophagy and AKT/mTOR. Furthermore, curcumin could inhibit TM-induced aerobic glycolysis in A549 cells, and decrease the level of cycle-related and migration-related proteins. Blocking activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) by siRNA strongly reduced both the expression of autophagy-related proteins and AKT/mTOR. ChIP assay illustrated that ATF4 protein could bind to the promotor sequence of either ATG4B or AKT1. The transplantation tumor experiment showed that the weight and volume of the transplanted tumors were reduced significantly in the BALB/c mice subcutaneously injected with A549 cells treated with curcumin. Moreover, intranasal administration of curcumin decreased the protein level of autophagy, AKT/mTOR and ER stress in lung tissues of BALB/c mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated that inhibition of ER stress-dependent ATF4-mediated autophagy and AKT/mTOR pathway plays an important role in anticancer effect of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hasenbilige
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shibo Bao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shengxiang Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Gu G, Ren J, Zhu B, Shi Z, Feng S, Wei Z. Multiple mechanisms of curcumin targeting spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114224. [PMID: 36641925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an irreversible disease process with a high disability and mortality rate. After primary spinal cord injury, the secondary injury may occur in sequence, which is composed of ischemia and hypoxia, excitotoxicity, calcium overload, oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in massive death of parenchymal cells in the injured area, followed by the formation of syringomyelia. Effectively curbing the process of secondary injury can promote nerve repair and improve functional prognosis. As the main active ingredient in turmeric, curcumin can play an important role in reducing inflammation and oxidation, protecting the neurons, and ultimately reducing spinal cord injury. This article reviews the effects of curcumin on the repair of nerve injury, with emphasis on the various mechanisms by which curcumin promotes the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Gu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Ren
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongju Shi
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhijian Wei
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Khan MA, Haider N, Singh T, Bandopadhyay R, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Taha M, Ahmad J, Mishra A. Promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of Parkinson's disease: recent advancements and contemporary research. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:873-919. [PMID: 36807081 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the progressive neurological diseases which affect around 10 million population worldwide. The clinical manifestation of motor symptoms in PD patients appears later when most dopaminergic neurons have degenerated. Thus, for better management of PD, the development of accurate biomarkers for the early prognosis of PD is imperative. The present work will discuss the potential biomarkers from various attributes covering biochemical, microRNA, and neuroimaging aspects (α-synuclein, DJ-1, UCH-L1, β-glucocerebrosidase, BDNF, etc.) for diagnosis, recent development in PD management, and major limitations with current and conventional anti-Parkinson therapy. This manuscript summarizes potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, based on available preclinical and clinical evidence, for better management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Nafis Haider
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Ritam Bandopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtada Taha
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Kamrup, Changsari, Assam, 781101, India.
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Thomas SD, Jha NK, Ojha S, Sadek B. mTOR Signaling Disruption and Its Association with the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041889. [PMID: 36838876 PMCID: PMC9964164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication along with repetitive stereotypic behaviors. Currently, there are no specific biomarkers for diagnostic screening or treatments available for autistic patients. Numerous genetic disorders are associated with high prevalence of ASD, including tuberous sclerosis complex, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and fragile X syndrome. Preclinical investigations in animal models of these diseases have revealed irregularities in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as well as ASD-related behavioral defects. Reversal of the downstream molecular irregularities, associated with mTOR hyperactivation, improved the behavioral deficits observed in the preclinical investigations. Plant bioactive molecules have shown beneficial pre-clinical evidence in ASD treatment by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In this review, we summarize the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as well as the genetic alterations of the pathway components and its critical impact on the development of the autism spectrum disorder. Mutations in negative regulators of mTORC1, such as TSC1, TSC2, and PTEN, result in ASD-like phenotypes through the disruption of the mTORC1-mediated signaling. We further discuss the various naturally occurring phytoconstituents that have been identified to be bioactive and modulate the pathway to prevent its disruption and contribute to beneficial therapeutic effects in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Deepa Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Tu W, Qin M, Li Y, Wu W, Tong X. Metformin regulates autophagy via LGMN to inhibit choriocarcinoma. Gene X 2023; 853:147090. [PMID: 36464174 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma has the problem of chemotherapy insensitivity and recurrence. Metformin may be a promising candidate to restrict choriocarcinoma progress because of its indirect and direct beneficial role on inhabitations of cancer cells without severe adverse side effects. In this study, metformin pressed the proliferation and invasion of choriocarcinoma JAR cells in vitro and the growth of the JAR subcutaneous xenografts in vivo. The high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics technology identified the low expression of legumain (LGMN) in lysosomal pathway caused by metformin, which was upregulated in human choriocarcinoma tissues compared with the early pregnancy tissues. As elevating metformin concentration and treatment time, the mRNA and protein expression of LGMN both depressed in two choriocarcinoma cell lines (JAR and JEG-3). LGMN was involved in metformin-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, metformin induced autophagy via inhibiting LGMN through AKT/mTOR/LC3II signaling pathway of choriocarcinoma. Autophagy inhibitor could depress metformin-induced autophagy and improve cell proliferation and invasion ability dropped by metformin, while autophagy inducer could partially reverse the change of cell proliferation and invasion modulated by combination of metformin and LGMN overexpression. These results indicated that metformin inhibited cell proliferation and invasion ability by inducing autophagy in a LGMN-dependent manner so as to play a role in the treatment of choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Tu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Menglu Qin
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Tong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wang J, Xu SY, Ye ZY, Sun ZN, Zhang JQ, Qi C, Liu R, Gao X, He C, You WY, Gao J. The deficiency of Maged1 attenuates Parkinson's disease progression in mice. Mol Brain 2023; 16:22. [PMID: 36774489 PMCID: PMC9921624 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen D1 (Maged1) has critical functions in the central nervous system in both developmental and adult stages. Loss of Maged1 in mice has been linked to depression, cognitive disorder, and drug addiction. However, the role of Maged1 in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. In this study, we observed that Maged1 was expressed in the dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra in mice and humans, which could be upregulated by the in vivo or in vitro treatment with 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). Genetic ablation of Maged1 in mice attenuated motor deficits, the loss of DA neurons, and disease progression induced by MPTP. Moreover, Maged1 deficiency protected DA neurons against MPP+-induced toxicity in primary cultured cells. Mechanistically, loss of Maged1 upregulated the Akt signaling pathway and downregulated the mTOR signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells, which may in turn attenuate the cell apoptosis and impairment of autophagy. Consistent with it, the degeneration of midbrain and striatum among elderly Maged1 knockout mice was relatively mild compared to those in wild-type mice under physiological conditions. Taken together, this study suggested that Maged1 deficiency inhibited apoptosis and enhanced autophagy, which may provide a new potential target for the therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Ye Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Ye
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou-Na Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei-Yan You
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Shu F, Xiao H, Li QN, Ren XS, Liu ZG, Hu BW, Wang HS, Wang H, Jiang GM. Epigenetic and post-translational modifications in autophagy: biological functions and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:32. [PMID: 36646695 PMCID: PMC9842768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway where cellular components are dynamically degraded and re-processed to maintain physical homeostasis. However, the physiological effect of autophagy appears to be multifaced. On the one hand, autophagy functions as a cytoprotective mechanism, protecting against multiple diseases, especially tumor, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative and infectious disease. Conversely, autophagy may also play a detrimental role via pro-survival effects on cancer cells or cell-killing effects on normal body cells. During disorder onset and progression, the expression levels of autophagy-related regulators and proteins encoded by autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are abnormally regulated, giving rise to imbalanced autophagy flux. However, the detailed mechanisms and molecular events of this process are quite complex. Epigenetic, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNAs, and post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation and acetylation, precisely manipulate gene expression and protein function, and are strongly correlated with the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. There is substantial evidence that autophagy-relevant regulators and machineries are subjected to epigenetic and post-translational modulation, resulting in alterations in autophagy levels, which subsequently induces disease or affects the therapeutic effectiveness to agents. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms mediated by epigenetic and post-translational modifications in disease-related autophagy to unveil potential therapeutic targets. In addition, the effect of autophagy on the therapeutic effectiveness of epigenetic drugs or drugs targeting post-translational modification have also been discussed, providing insights into the combination with autophagy activators or inhibitors in the treatment of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shu
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Han Xiao
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Qiu-Nuo Li
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Ren
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Cancer Center, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong China
| | - Bo-Wen Hu
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Lin G, Tepe B, McGrane G, Tipon RC, Croft G, Panwala L, Hope A, Liang AJH, Zuo Z, Byeon SK, Wang L, Pandey A, Bellen HJ. Exploring therapeutic strategies for infantile neuronal axonal dystrophy (INAD/PARK14). eLife 2023; 12:82555. [PMID: 36645408 PMCID: PMC9889087 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is caused by recessive variants in PLA2G6 and is a lethal pediatric neurodegenerative disorder. Loss of the Drosophila homolog of PLA2G6, leads to ceramide accumulation, lysosome expansion, and mitochondrial defects. Here, we report that retromer function, ceramide metabolism, the endolysosomal pathway, and mitochondrial morphology are affected in INAD patient-derived neurons. We show that in INAD mouse models, the same features are affected in Purkinje cells, arguing that the neuropathological mechanisms are evolutionary conserved and that these features can be used as biomarkers. We tested 20 drugs that target these pathways and found that Ambroxol, Desipramine, Azoramide, and Genistein alleviate neurodegenerative phenotypes in INAD flies and INAD patient-derived neural progenitor cells. We also develop an AAV-based gene therapy approach that delays neurodegeneration and prolongs lifespan in an INAD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Burak Tepe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Geoff McGrane
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Regine C Tipon
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gist Croft
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | | | | | - Agnes JH Liang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Seul Kee Byeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
| | - Lily Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, ManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
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Ma X, Feng Y, Quan X, Geng B, Li G, Fu X, Zeng L. Multi-omics analysis revealed the role of CCT2 in the induction of autophagy in Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2023; 13:967730. [PMID: 36704351 PMCID: PMC9871314 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.967730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 2 (CCT2) is essential in various neurodegenerative diseases, albeit its role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the role of CCT2 in Alzheimer's disease. First, bioinformatics database analysis revealed that CCT2 was significantly downregulated in patients with Alzheimer's disease and associated with autophagic clearance of β-amyloid. The 789 differentially expressed genes overlapped in AD-group and CCT2-low/high group, and the CCT2-high-associated genes screened by Pearson coefficients were enriched in protein folding, autophagy, and messenger RNA stability regulation pathways. These results suggest that CCT2 is significantly and positively associated with multiple pathways linked to autophagy and negatively associated with neuronal death. The logistic prediction model with 13 key genes, such as CCT2, screened in this study better predicts Alzheimer's disease occurrence (AUC = 0.9671) and is a favorable candidate for predicting potential biological targets of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, this study predicts reciprocal micro RNAs and small molecule drugs for hub genes. Our findings suggest that low CCT2 expression may be responsible for the autophagy suppression in Alzheimer's disease, providing an accurate explanation for its pathogenesis and new targets and small molecule inhibitors for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Ma
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyu Quan
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingyu Geng
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Zeng
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Linlin Zeng,
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Blommer J, Pitcher T, Mustapic M, Eren E, Yao PJ, Vreones MP, Pucha KA, Dalrymple-Alford J, Shoorangiz R, Meissner WG, Anderson T, Kapogiannis D. Extracellular vesicle biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2023; 146:195-208. [PMID: 35833836 PMCID: PMC10060702 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides motor symptoms, many individuals with Parkinson's disease develop cognitive impairment perhaps due to coexisting α-synuclein and Alzheimer's disease pathologies and impaired brain insulin signalling. Discovering biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease could help clarify the underlying pathogenic processes and improve Parkinson's disease diagnosis and prognosis. This study used plasma samples from 273 participants: 103 Parkinson's disease individuals with normal cognition, 121 Parkinson's disease individuals with cognitive impairment (81 with mild cognitive impairment, 40 with dementia) and 49 age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin were immunocaptured by targeting the L1 cell adhesion molecule, then biomarkers were quantified using immunoassays. α-Synuclein was lower in Parkinson's disease compared to control individuals (P = 0.004) and in cognitively impaired Parkinson's disease individuals compared to Parkinson's disease with normal cognition (P < 0.001) and control (P < 0.001) individuals. Amyloid-β42 did not differ between groups. Phosphorylated tau (T181) was higher in Parkinson's disease than control individuals (P = 0.003) and in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P < 0.001) and controls (P < 0.001). Total tau was not different between groups. Tyrosine-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 was lower in Parkinson's disease compared to control individuals (P = 0.03) and in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P = 0.02) and controls (P = 0.01), and also decreased with increasing motor symptom severity (P = 0.005); serine312-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 was not different between groups. Mechanistic target of rapamycin was not different between groups, whereas phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin trended lower in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P = 0.05). The ratio of α-synuclein to phosphorylated tau181 was lower in Parkinson's disease compared to controls (P = 0.001), in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P < 0.001) and decreased with increasing motor symptom severity (P < 0.001). The ratio of insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated serine312 to insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated tyrosine was higher in Parkinson's disease compared to control individuals (P = 0.01), in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P = 0.02) and increased with increasing motor symptom severity (P = 0.003). α-Synuclein, phosphorylated tau181 and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated tyrosine contributed in diagnostic classification between groups. These findings suggest that both α-synuclein and tau pathologies and impaired insulin signalling underlie Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment. Plasma neuronal extracellular vesicles biomarkers may inform cognitive prognosis in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Blommer
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Toni Pitcher
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Maja Mustapic
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Erden Eren
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pamela J Yao
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael P Vreones
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Krishna A Pucha
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - John Dalrymple-Alford
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Reza Shoorangiz
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Service de Neurologie—Maladies Neurodégénératives, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tim Anderson
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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66
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Yang B, Yang Z, Hao L. Dynamics of a model for the degradation mechanism of aggregated α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1068150. [PMID: 37122994 PMCID: PMC10133481 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1068150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of the misfolded synaptic protein α-synuclein (αSyn*) is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies suggest that the autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) including both the Beclin1-associated and mTOR-signaling pathways is involved in the αSyn* clearance mechanism. In this study, a mathematical model is proposed for the degradation of αSyn* by ALP with the crosstalk element of mTOR. Using codimension-1 bifurcation analysis, the tri-stability of αSyn* is surveyed under three different stress signals and, in addition, consideration is given to the regulatory mechanisms for the Beclin1- and mTOR-dependent rates on αSyn* degradation using the codimension-1 and-2 bifurcation diagrams. It was found that, especially under internal and external oxidative stresses (S 1), the bistable switch of the aggregation of αSyn* can be transformed from an irreversible to a reversible condition through the ALP degradation pathways. Furthermore, the robustness of the tri-stable state for the stress S 1 to the parameters related to mTOR-mediated ALP was probed. It was confirmed that mTOR-mediated ALP is important for maintaining the essential dynamic features of the tri-stable state. This study may provide a promising avenue for conducting further experiments and simulations of the degradation mechanism of dynamic modeling in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojie Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences and LMIB, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoqin Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences and LMIB, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuoqin Yang
| | - Lijie Hao
- School of Mathematics Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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Yuan Z, Cai J, Du Q, Ma Q, Xu L, Cai Y, Zhong X, Guo X. Chloroquine Sensitizes Esophageal Carcinoma EC109 Cells to Paclitaxel by Inhibiting Autophagy. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2023; 33:43-53. [PMID: 37522544 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023046722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
As an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ) showed anti-tumor effect on several types of cancer and paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma patients, but chemoresistance remains a major hurdle for PTX application due to the cytoprotective autophagy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether CQ could elevate the anti-tumor effect of PTX on esophageal carcinoma cell line EC109 and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. We confirmed the suppressive effect of PTX on EC109 by MTT, scratch test, transwell and soft agar assay. And, we detected the key proteins in Akt/mTOR pathway, as well as the autophagy marker LC3 and p62 through Western Blot. In addition, GFP-LC3 plasmid was transfected into EC109 cells to monitor the autophagosome after CQ and PTX treatment. Ultimately, we observed the alterations in the proliferation and colony formation abilities of EC109 after knocking down mTOR by shRNA. We confirmed PTX could suppress the proliferation, migration and colony formation (all P < 0.05) abilities of EC109, and CQ could sensitize the inhibition effect of PTX by inhibiting autophagy through Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway initiated autophagy and enhanced the sensitivity of EC109 to CQ and PTX. In summary, we suggest CQ could be used as a potential chemosensitizer for PTX in esophageal carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajing Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China; Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
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Liu Z, Zhuang W, Cai M, Lv E, Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang H, Fu W. Kaemperfol Protects Dopaminergic Neurons by Promoting mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease Models. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1395-1411. [PMID: 36469163 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that kaempferol (KAE) could exert neuroprotective effects against PD. It has been demonstrated that abnormal autophagy plays a key role in the development of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, involved in the development of PD, can damage dopaminergic neurons. Whether the protective effects of KAE were exerted via regulating autophagy remains largely undefined, however. This study aimed to investigate whether KAE could protect dopaminergic neurons via autophagy and the underlying mechanisms using a MPTP/MPP+-stimulated PD model. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and protein levels of autophagy mediators along with mTOR signaling pathway molecules were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. The results showed that KAE could ameliorate the behavioral impairments of mice, reduce the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and reduce α-synuclein (α-syn) levels. Furthermore, KAE upregulated levels of autophagy effector protein of Beclin-1 and autophagy microtubule associated protein of light chain 3 (LC3) in the substantia nigra (SN) while rescuing mitochondrial integrity, and downregulated levels of ubiquitin binding protein p62 and cleaved caspase-3, probably by decreasing the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated similar results. In conclusion, KAE exerts neuroprotective effects against PD potentially by promoting autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxin Zhuang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Meiyun Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - E Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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69
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Zhao S, Wang S, Cao L, Zeng H, Lin S, Lin Z, Chen M, Zhu M, Pang Z, Zhang Y. Acupuncture promotes nerve repair through the benign regulation of mTOR-mediated neuronal autophagy in traumatic brain injury rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:458-470. [PMID: 36422883 PMCID: PMC9804054 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent investigations have already proved the neuroprotective efficacy of acupuncture in clinical practice in the treatment of neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since growing evidence has suggested that neuronal autophagy was involved in multiple stages of TBI, this study aims to clarify the autophagy mediating mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture in TBI rats. METHODS Three experiments were carried out to detect changes in neuronal autophagy and identify the potential molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture for TBI treatment. Feeney's free-falling epidural impingement method was used to establish the moderate TBI rat model; modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS) was used for neurological recovery evaluation. Nissl and HE staining were used to examine the histopathological changes. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the LC3-positive cell rate. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to investigate the morphology and quantity of autophagosomes. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expressions of LC3, p62, beclin1, mTOR, ULK1, p-mTOR, and p-ULK1. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for gene expressions analysis of LC3 mRNA and p62 mRNA. Co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) method was used to identify the protein interaction of mTOR and ULK1. RESULTS On Day 3 after TBI, acupuncture accelerated the removal of damaged cellular structures by promoting neuronal autophagy; on Day 7 and Day 14 after TBI, acupuncture inhibited neuronal autophagy, preventing excessive autophagy and thus alleviated nerve damage. In addition, the simultaneous treatment with 3-MA or rapamycin at different stages after TBI attenuated the effect of acupuncture. CONCLUSION Acupuncture has a benign regulatory effect on neuronal autophagy in different stages of TBI, possibly through the mTOR/ULK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shiqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Luxi Cao
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hai Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shujun Lin
- Medical College of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhuowen Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Minan Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingmin Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhao Pang
- Medical Administration DivisionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yimin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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70
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Biswas D, Kumari N, Lachén-Montes M, Dutta S, Agrawal I, Samanta D, Shenoy SV, Halder A, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Padhye AR, Santamaría E, Srivastava S. Deep Phosphoproteome Landscape of Interhemispheric Functionality of Neuroanatomical Regions of the Human Brain. J Proteome Res 2022; 22:1043-1055. [PMID: 36317652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are one of the compulsive and predominant biological processes that regulate the diverse molecular mechanism, modulate the onset of disease, and are the reason behind the functional diversity of proteins. Despite the widespread research findings in neuroproteomics, one of the key drawbacks has been the lack of proteome-level knowledge of hemispheric lateralization. We have investigated the proteome level expression in different neuroanatomical regions under the Human Brain Proteome Project (HBPP) and developed the global interhemispheric brain proteome map (Brainprot) earlier. Furthermore, this study has extended to decipher the phosphoproteome map of human brain interhemispheric regions through high-resolution mass spectrometry. The phosphoproteomics examination of 12 unique interhemispheric neurological brain regions using Orbitrap fusion liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry provided comprehensive coverage of 996 phosphoproteins, 2010 phosphopeptides, and 3567 phosphosites. Moreover, interhemispheric phosphoproteome profiling has been categorized according to synaptic ontologies and interhemispheric expression to understand the functionality. Finally, we have integrated the phosphosites data under the PhosphoMap section in the Inter-Hemispheric Brain Proteome Map Portal (https://www.brainprot.org/) for the advancement and support of the ongoing neuroproteomics research worldwide. Data is available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD031188.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptarup Biswas
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Neha Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Mercedes Lachén-Montes
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sampurna Dutta
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Ishita Agrawal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi221005, India
| | - Debabrata Samanta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal721302, India
| | - Sanjyot Vinayak Shenoy
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Ankit Halder
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Advait Rahul Padhye
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai400076, India
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Zhu Z, Liu LF, Su CF, Liu J, Tong BCK, Iyaswamy A, Krishnamoorthi S, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Guan XJ, Kan YX, Xie WJ, Zhao CL, Cheung KH, Lu JH, Tan JQ, Zhang HJ, Song JX, Li M. Corynoxine B derivative CB6 prevents Parkinsonian toxicity in mice by inducing PIK3C3 complex-dependent autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2511-2526. [PMID: 35217810 PMCID: PMC9525707 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that autophagy impairment is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously identified a natural alkaloid named corynoxine B (Cory B) as a neuronal autophagy inducer. However, its brain permeability is relatively low, which hinders its potential use in treating PD. Thus we synthesized various derivatives of Cory B to find more potent autophagy inducers with improved brain bioavailability. In this study, we evaluated the autophagy-enhancing effect of CB6 derivative and its neuroprotective action against PD in vitro and in vivo. We showed that CB6 (5-40 μM) dose-dependently accelerated autophagy flux in cultured N2a neural cells through activating the PIK3C3 complex and promoting PI3P production. In MPP+-treated PC12 cells, CB6 inhibited cell apoptosis and increased cell viability by inducing autophagy. In MPTP-induced mouse model of PD, oral administration of CB6 (10, 20 mg· kg-1· d-1, for 21 days) significantly improved motor dysfunction and prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta. Collectively, compound CB6 is a brain-permeable autophagy enhancer via PIK3C3 complex activation, which may help the prevention or treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Liang-Feng Liu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Limin Pharmaceutical Factory, Livzon Group Limited, Shaoguan, 512028, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Su
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Senthilkumar Krishnamoorthi
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Sravan Gopalkrishnashetty Sreenivasmurthy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xin-Jie Guan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Kan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen-Jian Xie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chen-Liang Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Model for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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72
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Mallet D, Goutaudier R, Barbier EL, Carnicella S, Colca JR, Fauvelle F, Boulet S. Re-routing Metabolism by the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibitor MSDC-0160 Attenuates Neurodegeneration in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6170-6182. [PMID: 35895232 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.17.476616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the idea that mitochondrial dysfunction might represent a key feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Central regulators of energy production, mitochondria, are also involved in several other essential functions such as cell death pathways and neuroinflammation which make them a potential therapeutic target for PD management. Interestingly, recent studies related to PD have reported a neuroprotective effect of targeting mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) by the insulin sensitizer MSDC-0160. As the sole point of entry of pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix, MPC plays a crucial role in energetic metabolism which is impacted in PD. This study therefore aimed at providing insights into the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of MSDC-0160. We investigated behavioral, cellular, and metabolic impact of chronic MSDC-0160 treatment in unilateral 6-OHDA PD rats. We evaluated mitochondrially related processes through the expression of pivotal mitochondrial enzymes in dorsal striatal biopsies and the level of metabolites in serum samples using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)-based metabolomics. MSDC-0160 treatment in unilateral 6-OHDA rats improved motor behavior, decreased dopaminergic denervation, and reduced mTOR activity and neuroinflammation. Concomitantly, MSDC-0160 administration strongly modified energy metabolism as revealed by increased ketogenesis, beta oxidation, and glutamate oxidation to satisfy energy needs and maintain energy homeostasis. MSDC-0160 exerts its neuroprotective effect through reorganization of multiple pathways connected to energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mallet
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Raphael Goutaudier
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, US17, CNRS, UMS, 3552, CHU Grenoble Alpes IRMaGe, Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastien Carnicella
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jerry R Colca
- Metabolic Solutions Development Company, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Florence Fauvelle
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, US17, CNRS, UMS, 3552, CHU Grenoble Alpes IRMaGe, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabrina Boulet
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Pradhan SS, Thota SM, Rajaratnam S, Bhagavatham SKS, Pulukool SK, Rathnakumar S, Phalguna KS, Dandamudi RB, Pargaonkar A, Joseph P, Joshy EV, Sivaramakrishnan V. Integrated multi-omics analysis of Huntington disease identifies pathways that modulate protein aggregation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049492. [PMID: 36052548 PMCID: PMC10655815 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with polyglutamine expansion in the protein huntingtin (HTT). Although the length of the polyglutamine repeat correlates with age at disease onset and severity, psychological, cognitive and behavioral complications point to the existence of disease modifiers. Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic deregulation are both associated with the HD but, despite multi-omics characterization of patients and model systems, their mechanisms have remained elusive. Systems analysis of multi-omics data and its validation by using a yeast model could help to elucidate pathways that modulate protein aggregation. Metabolomics analysis of HD patients and of a yeast model of HD was, therefore, carried out. Our analysis showed a considerable overlap of deregulated metabolic pathways. Further, the multi-omics analysis showed deregulated pathways common in human, mice and yeast model systems, and those that are unique to them. The deregulated pathways include metabolic pathways of various amino acids, glutathione metabolism, longevity, autophagy and mitophagy. The addition of certain metabolites as well as gene knockouts targeting the deregulated metabolic and autophagy pathways in the yeast model system showed that these pathways do modulate protein aggregation. Taken together, our results showed that the modulation of deregulated pathways influences protein aggregation in HD, and has implications for progression and prognosis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai S. Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sai M. Thota
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Saiswaroop Rajaratnam
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sai K. S. Bhagavatham
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sujith K. Pulukool
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sriram Rathnakumar
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Kanikaram S. Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Rajesh B. Dandamudi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515 134, India
| | - Ashish Pargaonkar
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru 560048, India
| | - Prasanth Joseph
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru 560048, India
| | - E. V. Joshy
- Department of Neurology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Whitefield, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
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Zheng H, Wang T, Shi C, Fan L, Su Y, Fan Y, Li X, Yang J, Mao C, Xu Y. Increased PRR14 and VCAM-1 level in serum of patients with Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:993940. [PMID: 36247752 PMCID: PMC9561935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.993940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regarding the complexity of Parkinson's disease (PD), the identification of reliable biomarkers is of great significance for improving the accuracy of diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Recently, some studies suggested that serum proline-rich protein 14 (PRR14), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and soluble CD163 (sCD163) factors may be associated with PD, even as potential biomarkers. However, the role of these serum factors is still unclear. Objectives This study aimed to explore the alterations of serum PRR14, VCAM-1, and sCD163 levels during PD progression, and their association with disease-related variables of PD. Methods We performed the assessment of scale tests and the detection of serum samples in patients with PD (n = 100) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 100). Furthermore, we investigated the association between serum factors and sex, cognitive impairments, H&Y (Hohn and Yahr), age at onset (AAO), and other variables in patients with PD. Results Patients with PD exhibited increased PRR14 and VCAM-1 serum levels compared with HCs. No significant differences were found in serum levels of sCD163. Subgroup analysis uncovered increased VCAM-1 in the female and male subgroups (PD and HCs). Among patients with PD, decreased PRR14 and increased VCAM-1 were associated with severer cognitive impairments and severer PD (H&Y), respectively. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed that there was a positive correlation between VCAM-1 and AAO. Conclusions Increased serum levels of PRR14 and VCAM-1 suggest that inflammation and defective autophagy may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the potential mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyuan Mao
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Yuming Xu
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Methamphetamine and HIV-1 Tat proteins synergistically induce microglial autophagy via activation of the Nrf2/NQO1/HO-1 signal pathway. Neuropharmacology 2022; 220:109256. [PMID: 36162528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant that is abused throughout the world. METH is a highly addictive drug commonly used by persons living with HIV, and its use can result in cognitive impairment and memory deficits. METH and human immunodeficiency virus-1 transactivator of transcription (HIV-1Tat) have toxic and synergistic effects on the nervous system; however, the mechanism of their synergistic effects has not been clarified. We used BV2 cells, primary microglia, Nrf2-KO C57BL/6J mice, and autopsied brain tissues of METH-abusing, HIV infection, and METH-abusing individuals comorbid with HIV to explore the regulatory role of Nrf2/NQO1/HO-1 signal pathway on microglia autophagy. Our results showed that microglia were significantly activated by METH and HIV-1Tat protein. METH and HIV-1Tat protein combination significantly increase the autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II, Beclin-1, ATG5, and ATG7) expression in microglia and striatum of C57BL/6J mice. After silencing or knocking out the Nrf2 gene, the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins were significantly increased. In human brain tissue, microglia were activated, Nrf2, LC3-II, and Beclin-1 expression levels were raised, and the p62 expression level was decreased. Our results suggested that METH and HIV or HIV-1Tat synergistically affect autophagy. And the Nrf2 pathway plays a vital role in regulating the synergistic induction of microglial autophagy by METH and HIV-1Tat protein. This study may provide a theoretical basis and new ideas for effective targets for pharmacological intervention in HIV-infected patients with drug abuse.
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76
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Effect of short-term high fat diet on resistin levels and expression of autophagy-related genes in the cartilage of male rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15313. [PMID: 36097281 PMCID: PMC9468003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking obesity to OA remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of short-term high-fat diet (HFD) on the development of OA and the possible role of the adipokine resistin and autophagy-related genes in mediating this effect. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were equally divided into 2 groups: control and obese groups. Body mass index (BMI), levels of lipid profile, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR index were significantly higher in the obese group compared with control. Our results revealed significantly higher serum and cartilage resistin levels with a significant increase in the mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as well as protein levels of IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), ADAMTS 5 (aggrecanase-2) and caspase-3 in the cartilage of obese rats. The HFD induced a significant upregulation of autophagy related 5 (ATG5), beclin-1 and light chain 3 (LC3) mRNA expressions and a significant downregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in cartilage. The protein levels of cartilage ATG5 were also significantly elevated in HFD-fed group. In conclusion, we suggested that increased levels of resistin and expression of autophagy-related genes may contribute in part, to OA development in HFD-fed rats. This provides a novel insight into the early molecular changes in the cartilage associated with obesity.
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77
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Cai H, Wang Z, Tang W, Ke X, Zhao E. Recent advances of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:970699. [PMID: 36110206 PMCID: PMC9468880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.970699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, metabolism, autophagy, survival and cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, mTOR is made up of three multisubunit complexes, mTOR complex 1, mTOR complex 2, and putative mTOR complex 3. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that mTOR plays important roles in the differentiation and immune responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition, mTOR is a vital regulator of pivotal cellular and physiological functions, such as cell metabolism, survival and ageing, where it has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for ageing-related diseases. Therefore, the mTOR signaling may develop a large impact on the treatment of ageing-related diseases with MSCs. In this review, we discuss prospects for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Ke, ; Erhu Zhao,
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Ke, ; Erhu Zhao,
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78
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Umer N, Phadke S, Shakeri F, Arévalo L, Lohanadan K, Kirfel G, Sylvester M, Buness A, Schorle H. PFN4 is required for manchette development and acrosome biogenesis during mouse spermiogenesis. Development 2022; 149:276289. [PMID: 35950913 PMCID: PMC9481974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Profilin 4 (Pfn4) is expressed during spermiogenesis and localizes to the acrosome-acroplaxome-manchette complex. Here, we generated PFN4-deficient mice, with sperm displaying severe impairment in manchette formation. Interestingly, HOOK1 staining suggests that the perinuclear ring is established; however, ARL3 staining is disrupted, suggesting that lack of PFN4 does not interfere with the formation of the perinuclear ring and initial localization of HOOK1, but impedes microtubular organization of the manchette. Furthermore, amorphous head shape and flagellar defects were detected, resulting in reduced sperm motility. Disrupted cis- and trans-Golgi networks and aberrant production of proacrosomal vesicles caused impaired acrosome biogenesis. Proteomic analysis showed that the proteins ARF3, SPECC1L and FKBP1, which are involved in Golgi membrane trafficking and PI3K/AKT pathway, are more abundant in Pfn4−/− testes. Levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were elevated, whereas AMPK level was reduced, consistent with inhibition of autophagy. This seems to result in blockage of autophagic flux, which could explain the failure in acrosome formation. In vitro fertilization demonstrated that PFN4-deficient sperm is capable of fertilizing zona-free oocytes, suggesting a potential treatment for PFN4-related human infertility. Summary: PFN4-deficient male mice exhibit impaired acrosome formation and malformation of the manchette, leading to amorphous sperm head shape, flagellar abnormalities and sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Umer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn 1 Department of Developmental Pathology , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
| | - Sharang Phadke
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn 1 Department of Developmental Pathology , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
| | - Farhad Shakeri
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology 2 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
- University of Bonn 2 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics 3 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
- University of Bonn 3 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
| | - Lena Arévalo
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn 1 Department of Developmental Pathology , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
| | | | - Gregor Kirfel
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn 4 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Marc Sylvester
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 5 Core Facility Mass Spectrometry , , Medical Faculty , , 53115 Bonn , Germany
- University of Bonn 5 Core Facility Mass Spectrometry , , Medical Faculty , , 53115 Bonn , Germany
| | - Andreas Buness
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology 2 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
- University of Bonn 2 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics 3 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
- University of Bonn 3 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn 1 Department of Developmental Pathology , , 53127 Bonn , Germany
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79
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Mallet D, Goutaudier R, Barbier EL, Carnicella S, Colca JR, Fauvelle F, Boulet S. Re-routing Metabolism by the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibitor MSDC-0160 Attenuates Neurodegeneration in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6170-6182. [PMID: 35895232 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the idea that mitochondrial dysfunction might represent a key feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Central regulators of energy production, mitochondria, are also involved in several other essential functions such as cell death pathways and neuroinflammation which make them a potential therapeutic target for PD management. Interestingly, recent studies related to PD have reported a neuroprotective effect of targeting mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) by the insulin sensitizer MSDC-0160. As the sole point of entry of pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix, MPC plays a crucial role in energetic metabolism which is impacted in PD. This study therefore aimed at providing insights into the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of MSDC-0160. We investigated behavioral, cellular, and metabolic impact of chronic MSDC-0160 treatment in unilateral 6-OHDA PD rats. We evaluated mitochondrially related processes through the expression of pivotal mitochondrial enzymes in dorsal striatal biopsies and the level of metabolites in serum samples using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)-based metabolomics. MSDC-0160 treatment in unilateral 6-OHDA rats improved motor behavior, decreased dopaminergic denervation, and reduced mTOR activity and neuroinflammation. Concomitantly, MSDC-0160 administration strongly modified energy metabolism as revealed by increased ketogenesis, beta oxidation, and glutamate oxidation to satisfy energy needs and maintain energy homeostasis. MSDC-0160 exerts its neuroprotective effect through reorganization of multiple pathways connected to energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mallet
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Raphael Goutaudier
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, US17, CNRS, UMS, 3552, CHU Grenoble Alpes IRMaGe, Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastien Carnicella
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jerry R Colca
- Metabolic Solutions Development Company, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Florence Fauvelle
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, US17, CNRS, UMS, 3552, CHU Grenoble Alpes IRMaGe, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabrina Boulet
- Université Grenoble Alpes Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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80
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Kosillo P, Ahmed KM, Aisenberg EE, Karalis V, Roberts BM, Cragg SJ, Bateup HS. Dopamine neuron morphology and output are differentially controlled by mTORC1 and mTORC2. eLife 2022; 11:e75398. [PMID: 35881440 PMCID: PMC9328766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR pathway is an essential regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Midbrain dopamine neurons are particularly sensitive to mTOR signaling status as activation or inhibition of mTOR alters their morphology and physiology. mTOR exists in two distinct multiprotein complexes termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. How each of these complexes affect dopamine neuron properties, and whether they have similar or distinct functions is unknown. Here, we investigated this in mice with dopamine neuron-specific deletion of Rptor or Rictor, which encode obligatory components of mTORC1 or mTORC2, respectively. We find that inhibition of mTORC1 strongly and broadly impacts dopamine neuron structure and function causing somatodendritic and axonal hypotrophy, increased intrinsic excitability, decreased dopamine production, and impaired dopamine release. In contrast, inhibition of mTORC2 has more subtle effects, with selective alterations to the output of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. Disruption of both mTOR complexes leads to pronounced deficits in dopamine release demonstrating the importance of balanced mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling for dopaminergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kosillo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Kamran M Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Erin E Aisenberg
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Vasiliki Karalis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Bradley M Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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81
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Lang M, Pramstaller PP, Pichler I. Crosstalk of organelles in Parkinson's disease - MiT family transcription factors as central players in signaling pathways connecting mitochondria and lysosomes. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35842725 PMCID: PMC9288732 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms constantly need to adapt to their surrounding environment and have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to deal with stress. Mitochondria and lysosomes are central organelles in the response to energy and nutrient availability within a cell and act through interconnected mechanisms. However, when such processes become overwhelmed, it can lead to pathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) characterized by proteinaceous intracellular inclusions and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, which causes motor and non-motor symptoms. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the disease etiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been recognized as a hallmark of PD pathogenesis, and several aspects of mitochondrial biology are impaired in PD patients and models. In addition, defects of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway have extensively been observed in cell and animal models as well as PD patients' brains, where constitutive autophagy is indispensable for adaptation to stress and energy deficiency. Genetic and molecular studies have shown that the functions of mitochondria and lysosomal compartments are tightly linked and influence each other. Connections between these organelles are constituted among others by mitophagy, organellar dynamics and cellular signaling cascades, such as calcium (Ca2+) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling and the activation of transcription factors. Members of the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT), including MITF, TFE3 and TFEB, play a central role in regulating cellular homeostasis in response to metabolic pressure and are considered master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis. As such, they are part of the interconnection between mitochondria and lysosome functions and therefore represent attractive targets for therapeutic approaches against NDD, including PD. The activation of MiT transcription factors through genetic and pharmacological approaches have shown encouraging results at ameliorating PD-related phenotypes in in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we summarize the relationship between mitochondrial and autophagy-lysosomal functions in the context of PD etiology and focus on the role of the MiT pathway and its potential as pharmacological target against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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82
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Wang Y, Fung NSK, Lam WC, Lo ACY. mTOR Signalling Pathway: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071304. [PMID: 35883796 PMCID: PMC9311918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the research of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway demonstrated that mTOR is a robust therapeutic target for ocular degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma. Although the exact mechanisms of individual ocular degenerative diseases are unclear, they share several common pathological processes, increased and prolonged oxidative stress in particular, which leads to functional and morphological impairment in photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). mTOR not only modulates oxidative stress but is also affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation. It is essential to understand the complicated relationship between the mTOR pathway and oxidative stress before its application in the treatment of retinal degeneration. Indeed, the substantial role of mTOR-mediated autophagy in the pathogenies of ocular degenerative diseases should be noted. In reviewing the latest studies, this article summarised the application of rapamycin, an mTOR signalling pathway inhibitor, in different retinal disease models, providing insight into the mechanism of rapamycin in the treatment of retinal neurodegeneration under oxidative stress. Besides basic research, this review also summarised and updated the results of the latest clinical trials of rapamycin in ocular neurodegenerative diseases. In combining the current basic and clinical research results, we provided a more complete picture of mTOR as a potential therapeutic target for ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
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83
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Jin Z, Liu C, Yu X, Chen K, Meng D, Liu A, Fang B. Association Between Mitochondrial Function and Rehabilitation of Parkinson's Disease: Revealed by Exosomal mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:909622. [PMID: 35783124 PMCID: PMC9244703 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.909622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation has been proposed as a valid measure complementary to the management of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism underlying is not clear yet. The differential expressions of exosomal messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play a critical role in PD progression and rehabilitation. To compare the differential expressions of exosomal mRNAs and lncRNAs, patients with PD (PWPs, Hoehn and Yahr stages 1.5-2.5, n = 6) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 6) were included in this study. All PWPs received a 2-week rehabilitation treatment in the hospital, which seemingly led to improvement in both the motor and non-motor functions. A set of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) extracted from exosomes in blood samples via next-generation sequencing (NGS) was screened out. Compared to HCs, 2,337 vs. 701 mRNAs and 1,278 vs. 445 lncRNAs were significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated, respectively, in pre-rehabilitation (pre-rehab) PWPs; 2,490 vs. 629 mRNAs and 1,561 vs. 370 lncRNAs were significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated, respectively, in post-rehabilitation (post-rehab) PWPs. Compared to pre-rehab PWPs, 606 vs. 1,056 mRNAs and 593 vs. 1,136 lncRNAs were significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated, respectively, in post-rehab PWPs. Overall, 14 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and 73 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were expressed in the blood exosomes of HCs, pre- and post-rehab PWPs, simultaneously. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses identified 243 significantly co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA pairs. One DEmRNA of interest (ENSG00000099795, NDUFB7) and three corresponding DElncRNAs (ENST00000564683, ENST00000570408, and ENST00000628340) were positively related. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated that the expression levels of NDUFB7 mRNA and the 3 DElncRNAs increased significantly in pre-rehab PWPs, but decreased significantly in post-rehab PWPs compared to HCs. NDUFB7 mRNA is a marker related to mitochondrial respiration. It is reasonably believed that mitochondrial function is associated with PD rehabilitation, and the mitochondrial pathway may involve in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Jin
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Chen
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Detao Meng
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aixian Liu
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Aixian Liu
| | - Boyan Fang
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Boyan Fang ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-433X
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84
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Sahoo S, Padhy AA, Kumari V, Mishra P. Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome and Autophagy-Lysosome Pathways in α-Synuclein Aggregate Clearance. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5379-5407. [PMID: 35699874 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synuclein aggregation in neuronal cells is the primary underlying cause of synucleinopathies. Changes in gene expression patterns, structural modifications, and altered interactions with other cellular proteins often trigger aggregation of α-synuclein, which accumulates as oligomers or fibrils in Lewy bodies. Although fibrillar forms of α-synuclein are primarily considered pathological, recent studies have revealed that even the intermediate states of aggregates are neurotoxic, complicating the development of therapeutic interventions. Autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways play a significant role in maintaining the soluble levels of α-synuclein inside cells; however, the heterogeneous nature of the aggregates presents a significant bottleneck to its degradation by these cellular pathways. With studies focused on identifying the proteins that modulate synuclein aggregation and clearance, detailed mechanistic insights are emerging about the individual and synergistic effects of these degradation pathways in regulating soluble α-synuclein levels. In this article, we discuss the impact of α-synuclein aggregation on autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways and the therapeutic strategies that target various aspects of synuclein aggregation or degradation via these pathways. Additionally, we also highlight the natural and synthetic compounds that have shown promise in alleviating the cellular damage caused due to synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Sahoo
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Amrita Arpita Padhy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Varsha Kumari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Parul Mishra
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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85
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Novel Effects of Statins on Cancer via Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060648. [PMID: 35745567 PMCID: PMC9228383 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally. Most of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer are marked by complex aberrations that activate the critical cell-signaling pathways that play a pivotal role in cell metabolism, tumor development, cytoskeletal reorganization, and metastasis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway is one of the main signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Autophagy, a cellular pathway that delivers cytoplasmic components to lysosomes for degradation, plays a dual role in cancer, as either a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor, depending on the stage of the carcinogenesis. Statins are the group of drugs of choice to lower the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. Experimental and clinical data suggest the potential of statins in the treatment of cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the molecular mechanisms through which statins inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells in different types of cancer. The anticancer properties of statins have been shown to result in the suppression of tumor growth, the induction of apoptosis, and autophagy. This literature review shows the dual role of the autophagic process in cancer and the latest scientific evidence related to the inducing effect exerted by statins on autophagy, which could explain their anticancer potential.
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86
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Oleksak P, Nepovimova E, Chrienova Z, Musilek K, Patocka J, Kuca K. Contemporary mTOR inhibitor scaffolds to diseases breakdown: A patent review (2015–2021). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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87
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Ramalingam M, Jeong HS, Hwang J, Cho HH, Kim BC, Kim E, Jang S. Autophagy Signaling by Neural-Induced Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium during Rotenone-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084193. [PMID: 35457010 PMCID: PMC9031864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotenone (ROT) inhibits mitochondrial complex I, leading to reactive oxygen species formation, which causes neurodegeneration and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and, consequently, Parkinson’s disease. We previously found that a neurogenic differentiated human adipose tissue-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (NI-hADSC-CM) was protective against ROT-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. In the present study, ROT significantly decreased the phospho (p)-mTORC1/total (t)-mTOR, p-mTORC2/t-mTOR, and p-/t-ULK1 ratios and the ATG13 level by increasing the DEPTOR level and p-/t-AMPK ratio. Moreover, ROT increased the p-/t-Akt ratio and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) activity by decreasing the p-/t-ERK1/2 ratios and beclin-1 level. ROT also promoted the lipidation of LC3B-I to LC3B-II by inducing autophagosome formation in Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble cell lysate fractions. Additionally, the levels of ATG3, 5, 7, and 12 were decreased, along with those of lysosomal LAMP1, LAMP2, and TFEB, leading to lysosomal dysfunction. However, NI-hADSC-CM treatment increased the p-mTORC1, p-mTORC2, p-ULK1, p-Akt, p-ERK1/2, ATG13, and beclin-1 levels and decreased the p-AMPK level and GSK3β activity in response to ROT-induced toxicity. Additionally, NI-hADSC-CM restored the LC3B-I level, increased the p62 level, and normalized the ATG and lysosomal protein amounts to control levels. Autophagy array revealed that the secreted proteins in NI-hADSC-CM could be crucial in the neuroprotection. Taken together, our results showed that the neuroprotective effects of NI-hADSC-CM on the autophagy signaling pathways could alleviate the aggregation of α-syn in Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (H.-S.J.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (S.J.)
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (H.-S.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Jinsu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (H.-S.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Hyong-Ho Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Byeong C. Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Eungpil Kim
- Jeonnam Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Hwasun 58141, Korea;
| | - Sujeong Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (H.-S.J.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (S.J.)
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88
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Huang WQ, Zou Y, Tian Y, Ma XF, Zhou QY, Li ZY, Gong SX, Wang AP. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin as the Therapeutic Target of Vascular Proliferative Diseases: Past, Present, and Future. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:444-455. [PMID: 34983907 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key pathological characteristic of vascular proliferative diseases. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in regulating cell growth, motility, proliferation, and survival, as well as gene expression in response to hypoxia, growth factors, and nutrients. Increasing evidence shows that mTOR also regulates VSMC proliferation in vascular proliferative diseases and that mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, effectively restrain VSMC proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms linking mTOR to vascular proliferative diseases remain elusive. In our review, we summarize the key roles of the mTOR and the recent discoveries in vascular proliferative diseases, focusing on the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibitors to target the mTOR signaling pathway for the treatment of vascular proliferative diseases. In this study, we discuss mTOR inhibitors as promising candidates to prevent VSMC-associated vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Huang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China ; and
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ma
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qin-Yi Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shao-Xin Gong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
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89
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Bianchini M, Giambelluca M, Scavuzzo MC, Di Franco G, Guadagni S, Palmeri M, Furbetta N, Gianardi D, Costa A, Gentiluomo M, Gaeta R, Pollina LE, Falcone A, Vivaldi C, Di Candio G, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Soldani P, Puglisi-Allegra S, Morelli L, Fornai F. In Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Alpha-Synuclein Increases and Marks Peri-Neural Infiltration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3775. [PMID: 35409135 PMCID: PMC8999122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a protein involved in neuronal degeneration. However, the family of synucleins has recently been demonstrated to be involved in the mechanisms of oncogenesis by selectively accelerating cellular processes leading to cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human cancers, with a specifically high neurotropism. The molecular bases of this biological behavior are currently poorly understood. Here, α-synuclein was analyzed concerning the protein expression in PDAC and the potential association with PDAC neurotropism. Tumor (PDAC) and extra-tumor (extra-PDAC) samples from 20 patients affected by PDAC following pancreatic resections were collected at the General Surgery Unit, University of Pisa. All patients were affected by moderately or poorly differentiated PDAC. The amount of α-syn was compared between tumor and extra-tumor specimen (sampled from non-affected neighboring pancreatic areas) by using in situ immuno-staining with peroxidase anti-α-syn immunohistochemistry, α-syn detection by using Western blotting, and electron microscopy by using α-syn-conjugated immuno-gold particles. All the methods consistently indicate that each PDAC sample possesses a higher amount of α-syn compared with extra-PDAC tissue. Moreover, the expression of α-syn was much higher in those PDAC samples from tumors with perineural infiltration compared with tumors without perineural infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bianchini
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (G.D.F.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (N.F.); (D.G.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Maria Giambelluca
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Maria Concetta Scavuzzo
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Gregorio Di Franco
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (G.D.F.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (N.F.); (D.G.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Simone Guadagni
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (G.D.F.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (N.F.); (D.G.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Matteo Palmeri
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (G.D.F.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (N.F.); (D.G.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Niccolò Furbetta
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (G.D.F.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (N.F.); (D.G.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Desirée Gianardi
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (G.D.F.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (N.F.); (D.G.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Aurelio Costa
- General Surgery Unit, ASL Toscana Nord Ovest Pontedera Hospital, 56025 Pontedera, Italy;
| | | | - Raffaele Gaeta
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.G.); (L.E.P.)
| | - Luca Emanuele Pollina
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.G.); (L.E.P.)
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Giulio Di Candio
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (G.D.F.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (N.F.); (D.G.); (G.D.C.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- IRCCS Neuromed-Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- IRCCS Neuromed-Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Paola Soldani
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- IRCCS Neuromed-Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (G.D.F.); (S.G.); (M.P.); (N.F.); (D.G.); (G.D.C.)
- EndoCAS (Center for Computer Assisted Surgery), University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Neuromed-Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (S.P.-A.)
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90
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Ondaro J, Hernandez-Eguiazu H, Garciandia-Arcelus M, Loera-Valencia R, Rodriguez-Gómez L, Jiménez-Zúñiga A, Goikolea J, Rodriguez-Rodriguez P, Ruiz-Martinez J, Moreno F, Lopez de Munain A, Holt IJ, Gil-Bea FJ, Gereñu G. Defects of Nutrient Signaling and Autophagy in Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836196. [PMID: 35419363 PMCID: PMC8996160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are post-mitotic cells that allocate huge amounts of energy to the synthesis of new organelles and molecules, neurotransmission and to the maintenance of redox homeostasis. In neurons, autophagy is not only crucial to ensure organelle renewal but it is also essential to balance nutritional needs through the mobilization of internal energy stores. A delicate crosstalk between the pathways that sense nutritional status of the cell and the autophagic processes to recycle organelles and macronutrients is fundamental to guarantee the proper functioning of the neuron in times of energy scarcity. This review provides a detailed overview of the pathways and processes involved in the balance of cellular energy mediated by autophagy, which when defective, precipitate the neurodegenerative cascade of Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ondaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Haizea Hernandez-Eguiazu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maddi Garciandia-Arcelus
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Loera-Valencia
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Gómez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Jiménez-Zúñiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julen Goikolea
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Fermín Moreno
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ian James Holt
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gil-Bea
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka Gereñu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
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91
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Fung TY, Iyaswamy A, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Krishnamoorthi S, Guan XJ, Zhu Z, Su CF, Liu J, Kan Y, Zhang Y, Wong HLX, Li M. Klotho an Autophagy Stimulator as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030705. [PMID: 35327507 PMCID: PMC8945569 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease; it is the most common cause of senile dementia. Klotho, a single-pass transmembrane protein primarily generated in the brain and kidney, is active in a variety of metabolic pathways involved in controlling neurodegeneration and ageing. Recently, many studies have found that the upregulation of Klotho can improve pathological cognitive deficits in an AD mice model and have demonstrated that Klotho plays a role in the induction of autophagy, a major contributing factor for AD. Despite the close association between Klotho and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, the underlying mechanism by which Klotho contributes to AD remains poorly understood. In this paper, we will introduce the expression, location and structure of Klotho and its biological functions. Specifically, this review is devoted to the correlation of Klotho protein and the AD phenotype, such as the effect of Klotho in upregulating the amyloid-beta clearance and in inducing autophagy for the clearance of toxic proteins, by regulating the autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP). In summary, the results of multiple studies point out that targeting Klotho would be a potential therapeutic strategy in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Yan Fung
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: or (A.I.); (H.L.X.W.); (M.L.); Tel.: +852-3411-2919 (M.L.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (M.L.)
| | - Sravan G. Sreenivasmurthy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Senthilkumar Krishnamoorthi
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Centre for Trans-Disciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xin-Jie Guan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Su
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuxuan Kan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518025, China;
| | - Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: or (A.I.); (H.L.X.W.); (M.L.); Tel.: +852-3411-2919 (M.L.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (M.L.)
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (T.Y.F.); (S.G.S.); (S.K.); (X.-J.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.-F.S.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: or (A.I.); (H.L.X.W.); (M.L.); Tel.: +852-3411-2919 (M.L.); Fax: +852-3411-2461 (M.L.)
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92
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Occurrence of Total and Proteinase K-Resistant Alpha-Synuclein in Glioblastoma Cells Depends on mTOR Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061382. [PMID: 35326535 PMCID: PMC8946689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is considered a pathological hallmark of the neurodegenerative disorders known as synucleinopathies. The clearance of α-syn depends on autophagy activity, which is inhibited by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Thus, it is likely that α-syn accumulation may occur whenever mTOR is overactive and autophagy is suppressed. In fact, the lack of effective autophagy increases the amount of α-syn and may produce protein aggregation. Therefore, in the present study, we questioned whether cells from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a lethal brain neoplasm, wherein mTOR is upregulated and autophagy is suppressed, may overexpress α-syn. In fact, a large quantity of α-syn is measured in GBM cells compared with astrocytes, which includes proteinase K-resistant α-syn. Rapamycin, while inhibiting mTOR activity, significantly reduces the amount of α-syn and allocates α-syn within autophagy-like vacuoles. Abstract Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a protein considered to be detrimental in a number of degenerative disorders (synucleinopathies) of which α-syn aggregates are considered a pathological hallmark. The clearance of α-syn strongly depends on autophagy, which can be stimulated by inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Thus, the overexpression of mTOR and severe autophagy suppression may produce α-syn accumulation, including the proteinase K-resistant protein isoform. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor that features mTOR overexpression and severe autophagy inhibition. Cell pathology in GBM is reminiscent of a fast, progressive degenerative disorder. Therefore, the present work questions whether, as is analogous to neurons during degenerative disorders, an overexpression of α-syn occurs within GBM cells. A high amount of α-syn was documented in GBM cells via real-time PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immuno-fluorescence, and ultrastructural stoichiometry, compared with the amount of β- and γ-synucleins and compared with the amount of α-syn counted within astrocytes. The present study indicates that (i) α-syn is overexpressed in GBM cells, (ii) α-syn expression includes a proteinase-K resistant isoform, (iii) α-syn is dispersed from autophagy-like vacuoles to the cytosol, (iv) α-syn overexpression and cytosol dispersion are mitigated by rapamycin, and (v) the α-syn-related GBM-like phenotype is mitigated by silencing the SNCA gene.
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93
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Ferritinophagy and α-Synuclein: Pharmacological Targeting of Autophagy to Restore Iron Regulation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042378. [PMID: 35216492 PMCID: PMC8878351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the fatal destruction of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta. This event is preceded by the formation of Lewy bodies, which are cytoplasmic inclusions composed of α-synuclein protein aggregates. A triad contribution of α-synuclein aggregation, iron accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction plague nigral neurons, yet the events underlying iron accumulation are poorly understood. Elevated intracellular iron concentrations up-regulate ferritin expression, an iron storage protein that provides cytoprotection against redox stress. The lysosomal degradation pathway, autophagy, can release iron from ferritin stores to facilitate its trafficking in a process termed ferritinophagy. Aggregated α-synuclein inhibits SNARE protein complexes and destabilizes microtubules to halt vesicular trafficking systems, including that of autophagy effectively. The scope of this review is to describe the physiological and pathological relationship between iron regulation and α-synuclein, providing a detailed understanding of iron metabolism within nigral neurons. The underlying mechanisms of autophagy and ferritinophagy are explored in the context of PD, identifying potential therapeutic targets for future investigation.
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94
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Gouda NA, Elkamhawy A, Cho J. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson’s Disease and Future Prospects: A 2021 Update. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020371. [PMID: 35203580 PMCID: PMC8962417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder pathologically distinguished by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Muscle rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia are all clinical motor hallmarks of PD. Several pathways have been implicated in PD etiology, including mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein clearance, and neuroinflammation, but how these factors interact remains incompletely understood. Although many breakthroughs in PD therapy have been accomplished, there is currently no cure for PD, only trials to alleviate the related motor symptoms. To reduce or stop the clinical progression and mobility impairment, a disease-modifying approach that can directly target the etiology rather than offering symptomatic alleviation remains a major unmet clinical need in the management of PD. In this review, we briefly introduce current treatments and pathophysiology of PD. In addition, we address the novel innovative therapeutic targets for PD therapy, including α-synuclein, autophagy, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and others. Several immunomodulatory approaches and stem cell research currently in clinical trials with PD patients are also discussed. Moreover, preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of novel and repurposed therapeutic agents and their pragmatic applications with encouraging outcomes are summarized. Finally, molecular biomarkers under active investigation are presented as potentially valuable tools for early PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence:
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95
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WEN J, ZHANG YQ, LIU DQ, YAO XT, JIANG H, ZHANG YB. Demethylenetetrahydroberberine protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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96
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Yang J, Zhang W, Zhang S, Iyaswamy A, Sun J, Wang J, Yang C. Novel Insight into Functions of Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) in Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 14:652-669. [PMID: 37191408 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A key pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is the accumulation of aggregated and misfolded protein aggregates with limited effective therapeutic agents. TFEB (transcription factor EB), a key regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, plays a pivotal role in the degradation of protein aggregates and has thus been regarded as a promising therapeutic target for these NDs. Here, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanisms and function of TFEB regulation. We then discuss the roles of TFEB and autophagy-lysosome pathways in major neurodegenerative diseases including AD and PD. Finally, we illustrate small molecule TFEB activators with protective roles in NDs animal models, which show great potential for being further developed into novel anti-neurodegenerative agents. Overall, targeting TFEB for enhancing lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy may represent a promising opportunity for the discovery of disease-modifying therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders though more in-depth basic and clinical studies are required in the future.
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97
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Shola-Dare O, Bailess S, Flores CC, Vanderheyden WM, Gerstner JR. Glitazone Treatment Rescues Phenotypic Deficits in a Fly Model of Gaucher/Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312740. [PMID: 34884544 PMCID: PMC8657993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder, and the strongest genetic risk factor for PD is mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA). Mutations in GBA also lead to the development of Gaucher Disease (GD), the most common type of lysosomal storage disorder. Current therapeutic approaches fail to address neurological GD symptoms. Therefore, identifying therapeutic strategies that improve the phenotypic traits associated with GD/PD in animal models may provide an opportunity for treating neurological manifestations of GD/PD. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs, also called glitazones) are a class of compounds targeted for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and have also shown promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, including PD. Here, we tested the efficacy of glitazone administration during development in a fly GD model with deletions in the GBA homolog, dGBA1b (GBA1ΔTT/ΔTT). We observed an optimal dose of pioglitazone (PGZ) at a concentration of 1 μM that reduced sleep deficits, locomotor impairments, climbing defects, and restoration of normal protein levels of Ref(2)P, a marker of autophagic flux, in GBA1ΔTT/ΔTT mutant flies, compared to GBA1+/+ control flies. These data suggest that PGZ may represent a potential compound with which to treat GD/PD by improving function of lysosomal-autophagy pathways, a cellular process that removes misfolded or aggregated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwanifemi Shola-Dare
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (O.S.-D.); (S.B.); (C.C.F.); (W.M.V.)
| | - Shelby Bailess
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (O.S.-D.); (S.B.); (C.C.F.); (W.M.V.)
| | - Carlos C. Flores
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (O.S.-D.); (S.B.); (C.C.F.); (W.M.V.)
| | - William M. Vanderheyden
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (O.S.-D.); (S.B.); (C.C.F.); (W.M.V.)
| | - Jason R. Gerstner
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (O.S.-D.); (S.B.); (C.C.F.); (W.M.V.)
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Correspondence:
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98
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Overexpression of Lin28A in neural progenitor cells in vivo does not lead to brain tumor formation but results in reduced spine density. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:185. [PMID: 34801069 PMCID: PMC8606090 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
LIN28A overexpression has been identified in malignant brain tumors called embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) but its specific role during brain development remains largely unknown. Radial glia cells of the ventricular zone (VZ) are proposed as a cell of origin for ETMR. We asked whether an overexpression of LIN28A in such cells might affect brain development or result in the formation of brain tumors.Constitutive overexpression of LIN28A in hGFAP-cre::lsl-Lin28A (GL) mice led to a transient increase of proliferation in the cortical VZ at embryonic stages but no postnatal brain tumor formation. Postnatally, GL mice displayed a pyramidal cell layer dispersion of the hippocampus and altered spine and dendrite morphology, including reduced dendritic spine densities in the hippocampus and cortex. GL mice displayed hyperkinetic activity and differential quantitative MS-based proteomics revealed altered time dependent molecular functions regarding mRNA processing and spine morphogenesis. Phosphoproteomic analyses indicated a downregulation of mTOR pathway modulated proteins such as Map1b being involved in microtubule dynamics.In conclusion, we show that Lin28A overexpression transiently increases proliferation of neural precursor cells but it is not sufficient to drive brain tumors in vivo. In contrast, Lin28A impacts on protein abundancy patterns related to spine morphogenesis and phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in microtubule dynamics, resulting in decreased spine densities of neurons in the hippocampus and cortex as well as in altered behavior. Our work provides new insights into the role of LIN28A for neuronal morphogenesis and development and may reveal future targets for treatment of ETMR patients.
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Chiu AS, Kang MC, Huerta Sanchez LL, Fabella AM, Holder KN, Barger BD, Elias KN, Shin CB, Jimenez Chavez CL, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. Preclinical evidence to support repurposing everolimus for craving reduction during protracted drug withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2090-2100. [PMID: 34188183 PMCID: PMC8505628 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cue-elicited drug-craving is a cardinal feature of addiction that intensifies (incubates) during protracted withdrawal. In a rat model, these addiction-related behavioral pathologies are mediated, respectively, by time-dependent increases in PI3K/Akt1 signaling and reduced Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) expression, within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Herein, we examined the capacity of single oral dosing with everolimus, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt effector mTOR, to reduce incubated cocaine-craving and reverse incubation-associated changes in vmPFC kinase activity and mGlu expression. Rats were trained to lever-press for intravenous infusions of cocaine or delivery of sucrose pellets and then subjected to tests for cue-reinforced responding during early (3 days) or late (30-46 days) withdrawal. Rats were gavage-infused with everolimus (0-1.0 mg/kg), either prior to testing to examine for effects upon reinforcer-seeking behavior, or immediately following testing to probe effects upon the consolidation of extinction learning. Single oral dosing with everolimus dose-dependently blocked cocaine-seeking during late withdrawal and the effect lasted at least 24 h. No everolimus effects were observed for cue-elicited sucrose-seeking or cocaine-seeking in early withdrawal. In addition, everolimus treatment, following initial cue-testing, reduced subsequent cue hyper-responsivity exhibited observed during late withdrawal, arguing a facilitation of extinction memory consolidation. everolimus' "anti-incubation" effect was associated with a reversal of withdrawal-induced changes in indices of PI3K/Akt1/mTOR activity, as well as Homer protein and mGlu1/5 expression, within the prelimbic (PL) subregion of the prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate mTOR inhibition as a viable strategy for interrupting heightened cocaine-craving and facilitating addiction recovery during protracted withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin S Chiu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthew C Kang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Laura L Huerta Sanchez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Anne M Fabella
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kalysta N Holder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Brooke D Barger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kristina N Elias
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Christina B Shin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - C Leonardo Jimenez Chavez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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Zhang K, Zhu S, Li J, Jiang T, Feng L, Pei J, Wang G, Ouyang L, Liu B. Targeting autophagy using small-molecule compounds to improve potential therapy of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3015-3034. [PMID: 34729301 PMCID: PMC8546670 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), known as one of the most universal neurodegenerative diseases, is a serious threat to the health of the elderly. The current treatment has been demonstrated to relieve symptoms, and the discovery of new small-molecule compounds has been regarded as a promising strategy. Of note, the homeostasis of the autolysosome pathway (ALP) is closely associated with PD, and impaired autophagy may cause the death of neurons and thereby accelerating the progress of PD. Thus, pharmacological targeting autophagy with small-molecule compounds has been drawn a rising attention so far. In this review, we focus on summarizing several autophagy-associated targets, such as AMPK, mTORC1, ULK1, IMPase, LRRK2, beclin-1, TFEB, GCase, ERRα, C-Abelson, and as well as their relevant small-molecule compounds in PD models, which will shed light on a clue on exploiting more potential targeted small-molecule drugs tracking PD treatment in the near future.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- 5-HT2A, Serotonin 2A
- 5-HT2C, serotonin 2C
- A2A, adenosine 2A
- AADC, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
- ALP, autophagy-lysosomal pathway
- AMPK, 5ʹAMP-activated protein kinase
- ATG, autophagy related protein
- ATP13A2, ATPase cation transporting 13A2
- ATTEC, autophagosome-tethering compound
- AUC, the area under the curve
- AUTAC, autophagy targeting chimera
- Autophagy
- BAF, bafilomycinA1
- BBB, blood−brain barrier
- CL, clearance rate
- CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy
- CNS, central nervous system
- COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase
- DA, dopamine
- DAT, dopamine transporter
- DJ-1, Parkinson protein 7
- DR, dopamine receptor
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERRα, estrogen-related receptor alpha
- F, oral bioavailability
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GBA, glucocerebrosidase β acid
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- HDAC6, histone deacetylase 6
- HSC70, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
- HSPA8, heat shock 70 kDa protein 8
- IMPase, inositol monophosphatase
- IPPase, inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase
- KI, knockin
- LAMP2A, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 A
- LC3, light chain 3
- LIMP-2, lysosomal integrated membrane protein-2
- LRRK2, leucine-rich repeat sequence kinase 2
- LRS, leucyl-tRNA synthetase
- LUHMES, lund human mesencephalic
- Lamp2a, type 2A lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B
- MPP+, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
- MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine
- MYCBP2, MYC-binding protein 2
- NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid
- ONRs, orphan nuclear receptors
- PD therapy
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PI3P, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
- PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1
- PLC, phospholipase C
- PREP, prolyl oligopeptidase
- Parkin, parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin−protein ligase
- Parkinson's disease (PD)
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SAS, solvent accessible surface
- SN, substantia nigra
- SNCA, α-synuclein gene
- SYT11, synaptotagmin 11
- Small-molecule compound
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TSC2, tuberous sclerosis complex 2
- Target
- ULK1, UNC-51-like kinase 1
- UPS, ubiquitin−proteasome system
- mAChR, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
- mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin
- α-syn, α-synuclein
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