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Motion, Relation, and Passion in Brain Physiological and Cognitive Aging. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091122. [PMID: 36138858 PMCID: PMC9496869 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current paper was to present important factors for keeping the basic structures of a person’s brain function, i.e., the grey and white matter, intact. Several lines of evidence have shown that motion, relation, and passion are central factors for preserving the neural system in the grey and white matter during ageing. An active lifestyle has shown to contribute to the development of the central nervous system and to contrast brain ageing. Interpersonal relationships, and interactions, have shown to contribute to complex biological factors that benefit the cognitive resilience to decline. Furthermore, the current scientific literature suggests that passion, strong interest, could be the driving factor motivating individuals to learn new things, thus influencing the development and maintenance of the neural functional network over time. The present theoretical perspective paper aims to convey several key messages: (1) brain development is critically affected by lifestyle; (2) physical training allows one to develop and maintain brain structures during ageing, and may be one of the keys for good quality of life as an older person; (3) diverse stimuli are a key factor in maintaining brain structures; (4) motion, relation, and passion are key elements for contrasting the loss of the grey and white matter of the brain.
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Tanaka M, Szabó Á, Spekker E, Polyák H, Tóth F, Vécsei L. Mitochondrial Impairment: A Common Motif in Neuropsychiatric Presentation? The Link to the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic System. Cells 2022; 11:2607. [PMID: 36010683 PMCID: PMC9406499 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Later, a number of mutations in mtDNA were identified as a cause of severe inheritable metabolic diseases with neurological manifestation, and the impairment of mitochondrial functions has been probed in the pathogenesis of a wide range of illnesses including neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, a growing number of preclinical studies have revealed that animal behaviors are influenced by the impairment of mitochondrial functions and possibly by the loss of mitochondrial stress resilience. Indeed, as high as 54% of patients with one of the most common primary mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, present psychiatric symptoms including cognitive impairment, mood disorder, anxiety, and psychosis. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles which produce cellular energy and play a major role in other cellular functions including homeostasis, cellular signaling, and gene expression, among others. Mitochondrial functions are observed to be compromised and to become less resilient under continuous stress. Meanwhile, stress and inflammation have been linked to the activation of the tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic system, which observably contributes to the development of pathological conditions including neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review discusses the functions of mitochondria and the Trp-KYN system, the interaction of the Trp-KYN system with mitochondria, and the current understanding of the involvement of mitochondria and the Trp-KYN system in preclinical and clinical studies of major neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Spekker
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helga Polyák
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Tóth
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Liang J, Li T, Zhao J, Wang C, Sun H. Current understanding of the human microbiome in glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:781741. [PMID: 36003766 PMCID: PMC9393498 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.781741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the human microbiome is highly associated with a wide variety of central nervous system diseases. However, the link between the human microbiome and glioma is rarely noticed. The exact mechanism of microbiota to affect glioma remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that the microbiome may affect the development, progress, and therapy of gliomas, including the direct impacts of the intratumoral microbiome and its metabolites, and the indirect effects of the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Glioma-related microbiome (gut microbiome and intratumoral microbiome) is associated with both tumor microenvironment and tumor immune microenvironment, which ultimately influence tumorigenesis, progression, and responses to treatment. In this review, we briefly summarize current knowledge regarding the role of the glioma-related microbiome, focusing on its gut microbiome fraction and a brief description of the intratumoral microbiome, and put forward the prospects in which microbiome can be applied in the future and some challenges still need to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Liang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Sun,
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Giannouli V, Tsolaki M. Self-Awareness of Cognitive Efficiency, Cognitive Status, Insight, and Financial Capacity in Patients with Mild AD, aMCI, and Healthy Controls: An Intriguing Liaison with Clinical Implications? Neurol Int 2022; 14:628-637. [PMID: 35997360 PMCID: PMC9396975 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study compares objective measures of cognitive performance with subjective perception of specific performance on neuropsychological tests examining basic cognitive domains, including, for the first time, financial capacity. Additionally, differences in assessment between single- and multiple-domain aMCI, mild AD, and healthy elderly regarding insight are examined. Methods: Participants completed a number of neuropsychological tests and the Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS). After every test, participants were asked to complete the Clinical Insight Rating scale (CIR) and to self-evaluate their performance by comparing it to what they considered as average for people of their age and educational level. Results: These preliminary findings show significant differences in the self-assessment patterns of the four groups in measures of verbal memory, visuospatial perception and memory, executive functions, tests of attention, and financial capacity. Mild AD expressed the highest overestimations, followed by single- and multiple-domain aMCI as well as controls. Accuracy of self-report is not uniform across groups and functional areas. Conclusions: Unawareness of memory deficits in both MCI subtypes is contradictory to subjective memory complaints as being an important component for clinical diagnosis. Financial capacity is overestimated in MCI and mild AD, a finding that has a plethora of clinical and legal implications.
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Aβ and Tau Regulate Microglia Metabolism via Exosomes in Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081800. [PMID: 35892700 PMCID: PMC9332859 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most striking hallmarks shared by various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. The main pathological features of AD are extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tau protein are the primary components of the plaques and tangles. The crosstalk between microglia and neurons helps maintain brain homeostasis, and the metabolic phenotype of microglia determines its polarizing phenotype. There are currently many research and development efforts to provide disease-modifying therapies for AD treatment. The main targets are Aβ and tau, but whether there is a causal relationship between neurodegenerative proteins, including Aβ oligomer and tau oligomer, and regulation of microglia metabolism in neuroinflammation is still controversial. Currently, the accumulation of Aβ and tau by exosomes or other means of propagation is proposed as a regulator in neurological disorders, leading to metabolic disorders of microglia that can play a key role in the regulation of immune cells. In this review, we propose that the accumulation of Aβ oligomer and tau oligomer can propagate to adjacent microglia through exosomes and change the neuroinflammatory microenvironment by microglia metabolic reprogramming. Clarifying the relationship between harmful proteins and microglia metabolism will help people to better understand the mechanism of crosstalk between neurons and microglia, and provide new ideas for the development of AD drugs.
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Basile MS, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. The Role of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081319. [PMID: 35893056 PMCID: PMC9394409 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that presents heterogeneous clinical manifestations and course. It has been shown that different immune checkpoints, including Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), can be involved in the pathogenesis of MS. CTLA-4 is a critical regulator of T-cell homeostasis and self-tolerance and represents a key inhibitor of autoimmunity. In this scopingreview, we resume the current preclinical and clinical studies investigating the role of CTLA-4 in MS with different approaches. While some of these studies assessed the expression levels of CTLA-4 on T cells by comparing MS patients with healthy controls, others focused on the evaluation of the effects of common MS therapies on CTLA-4 modulation or on the study of the CTLA-4 blockade or deficiency in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Moreover, other studies in this field aimed to discover if the CTLA-4 gene might be involved in the predisposition to MS, whereas others evaluated the effects of treatment with CTLA4-Ig in MS. Although these results are of great interest, they are often conflicting. Therefore, further studies are needed to reveal the exact mechanisms underlying the action of a crucial immune checkpoint such as CTLA-4 in MS to identify novel immunotherapeutic strategies for MS patients.
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Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137300. [PMID: 35806302 PMCID: PMC9266841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype (classically activated) or the M2 phenotype (alternatively activated) is critical in determining the fate of immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). M1 macrophages contribute to neurotoxicity, neuronal and synaptic damage, and oxidative stress and are the first line of defense, and M2 macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to regulate neuroinflammation, clear cell debris, and promote neuroregeneration. Various studies have focused on the ability of natural compounds to promote microglial polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype in several diseases, including NDs. However, studies on the roles of fatty acids in microglial polarization and their implications in NDs are a rare find. Most of the studies support the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in microglial polarization using cell and animal models. Thus, we aimed to collect data and provide a narrative account of microglial types, markers, and studies pertaining to fatty acids, particularly PUFAs, on microglial polarization and their neuroprotective effects. The involvement of only PUFAs in the chosen topic necessitates more in-depth research into the role of unexplored fatty acids in microglial polarization and their mechanistic implications. The review also highlights limitations and future challenges.
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Analyzing of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Biomedical and Socio-Economic Approach Using Molecular Communication, Artificial Neural Network, and Random Forest Models. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease will affect more people with increases in the elderly population, as the elderly population of countries everywhere generally rises significantly. However, other factors such as regional climates, environmental conditions and even eating and drinking habits may trigger Alzheimer’s disease or affect the life quality of individuals already suffering from this disease. Today, the subject of biomedical engineering is being studied intensively by many researchers considering that it has the potential to produce solutions to various diseases such as Alzheimer’s caused by problems in molecule or cell communication. In this study, firstly, a molecular communication model with the potential to be used in the treatment and/or diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease was proposed, and its results were analyzed with an artificial neural network model. Secondly, the ratio of people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease to the total population, along with data of educational status, income inequality, poverty threshold, and the number of the poor in Turkey were subjected to detailed distribution analysis by using the random forest model statistically. As a result of the study, it was determined that a higher income level was causally associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Lozupone M, Berardino G, Mollica A, Sardone R, Dibello V, Zupo R, Lampignano L, Castellana F, Bortone I, Stallone R, Daniele A, Altamura M, Bellomo A, Solfrizzi V, Panza F. ALZT-OP1: An experimental combination regimen for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:759-771. [PMID: 35758153 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2095261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment, US FDA granted accelerated approval for aducanumab due to its amyloid-β (Aβ)-lowering effects, notwithstanding the reported poor correlation between amyloid plaque reduction and clinical change for this drug. The diversification of drug targets appears to be the future of the AD field and from this perspective, drugs modulating microglia dysfunction and combination treatment regimens offer some promise. AREAS COVERED The aim of the present article was to provide a comprehensive review of ALZT-OP1 (cromolyn sodium plus ibuprofen), an experimental combination treatment regimen for AD, discussing their mechanisms of action targeting Aβ and neuroinflammation, examining the role of microglia in AD and offering our own insights on the role of present and alternative approaches directed toward neuroinflammation. EXPERT OPINION Enrolling high-risk participants with elevated brain amyloid could help to slow cognitive decline in secondary prevention trials during AD preclinical stages. Long-term follow-up indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use begun when the brain was still normal may benefit these patients, suggesting that the timing of therapy could be crucial. However, previous clinical failures and the present incomplete understanding of the Aβ pathophysiological role in AD put this novel experimental combination regimen at substantial risk of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Berardino
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia
| | - Anita Mollica
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis" Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis" Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Lampignano
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis" Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis" Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bortone
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis" Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Stallone
- Neuroscience and Education, Human Resources Excellence in Research, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- "Cesare Frugoni" Internal and Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology and Research Hospital IRCCS "S. De Bellis" Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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Tanaka M, Vécsei L. Editorial of Special Issue ‘Dissecting Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Diseases: Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection’. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136991. [PMID: 35805990 PMCID: PMC9266548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Boziki M, Bakirtzis C, Sintila SA, Kesidou E, Gounari E, Ioakimidou A, Tsavdaridou V, Skoura L, Fylaktou A, Nikolaidou V, Stangou M, Nikolaidis I, Giantzi V, Karafoulidou E, Theotokis P, Grigoriadis N. Ocrelizumab in Patients with Active Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Outcomes and Immune Markers of Treatment Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121959. [PMID: 35741088 PMCID: PMC9222195 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocrelizumab is a B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and active primary progressive MS (aPPMS). This prospective, uncontrolled, open-label, observational study aimed to assess the efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with aPPMS and to dissect the clinical, radiological and laboratory attributes of treatment response. In total, 22 patients with aPPMS followed for 24 months were included. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients with optimal response at 24 months, defined as patients free of relapses, free of confirmed disability accumulation (CDA) and free of T1 Gd-enhancing lesions and new/enlarging T2 lesions on the brain and cervical MRI. In total, 14 (63.6%) patients and 13 patients (59.1%) were classified as responders at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Time exhibited a significant effect on mean absolute and normalized gray matter cerebellar volume (F = 4.342, p = 0.23 and F = 4.279, p = 0.024, respectively). Responders at 24 months exhibited reduced peripheral blood ((%) of CD19+ cells) plasmablasts compared to non-responders at the 6-month point estimate (7.69 ± 4.4 vs. 22.66 ± 7.19, respectively, p = 0.043). Response to ocrelizumab was linked to lower total and gray matter cerebellar volume loss over time. Reduced plasmablast depletion was linked for the first time to sub-optimal response to ocrelizumab in aPPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boziki
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of the 2nd Neurological University Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (C.B.); (S.-A.S.); (E.K.); (I.N.); (V.G.); (E.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of the 2nd Neurological University Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (C.B.); (S.-A.S.); (E.K.); (I.N.); (V.G.); (E.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Styliani-Aggeliki Sintila
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of the 2nd Neurological University Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (C.B.); (S.-A.S.); (E.K.); (I.N.); (V.G.); (E.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of the 2nd Neurological University Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (C.B.); (S.-A.S.); (E.K.); (I.N.); (V.G.); (E.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Evdoxia Gounari
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.G.); (A.I.); (V.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Aliki Ioakimidou
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.G.); (A.I.); (V.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Vasiliki Tsavdaridou
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.G.); (A.I.); (V.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Lemonia Skoura
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.G.); (A.I.); (V.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Asimina Fylaktou
- National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Immunology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.F.); (V.N.)
| | - Vasiliki Nikolaidou
- National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Immunology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.F.); (V.N.)
| | - Maria Stangou
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Nikolaidis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of the 2nd Neurological University Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (C.B.); (S.-A.S.); (E.K.); (I.N.); (V.G.); (E.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Virginia Giantzi
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of the 2nd Neurological University Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (C.B.); (S.-A.S.); (E.K.); (I.N.); (V.G.); (E.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of the 2nd Neurological University Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (C.B.); (S.-A.S.); (E.K.); (I.N.); (V.G.); (E.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of the 2nd Neurological University Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (C.B.); (S.-A.S.); (E.K.); (I.N.); (V.G.); (E.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of the 2nd Neurological University Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA General University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.B.); (C.B.); (S.-A.S.); (E.K.); (I.N.); (V.G.); (E.K.); (P.T.)
- Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Tanaka M, Spekker E, Szabó Á, Polyák H, Vécsei L. Modelling the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders. Bioactive kynurenines and their analogues as neuroprotective agents-in celebration of 80th birthday of Professor Peter Riederer. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:627-642. [PMID: 35624406 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following introduction of the monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor selegiline for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), discovery of the action mechanism of Alzheimer's disease-modifying agent memantine, the role of iron in PD, and the loss of electron transport chain complex I in PD, and development of the concept of clinical neuroprotection, Peter Riederer launched one of the most challenging research project neurodevelopmental aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders. The neurodevelopmental theory holds that a disruption of normal brain development in utero or during early life underlies the subsequent emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms during later life. Indeed, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision categorize autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). More and more evidence, especially from preclinical studies, is revealing that neurodevelopmental pathology is not limited to the diagnostic class above, but also contributes to the development of other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and Huntington's disease. Preclinical animal research is taking a lead in understanding the pathomechanisms of NDDs, searching for novel targets, and developing new neuroprotective agents against NDDs. This narrative review discusses emerging evidence of the neurodevelopmental etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, recent advances in modelling neurodevelopmental pathogenesis, potential strategies of clinical neuroprotection using novel kynurenine metabolites and analogues, and future research direction for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Spekker
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helga Polyák
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
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63
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Kim J, Jeong M, Stiles WR, Choi HS. Neuroimaging Modalities in Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Features. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6079. [PMID: 35682758 PMCID: PMC9181385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease causing progressive cognitive decline until eventual death. AD affects millions of individuals worldwide in the absence of effective treatment options, and its clinical causes are still uncertain. The onset of dementia symptoms indicates severe neurodegeneration has already taken place. Therefore, AD diagnosis at an early stage is essential as it results in more effective therapy to slow its progression. The current clinical diagnosis of AD relies on mental examinations and brain imaging to determine whether patients meet diagnostic criteria, and biomedical research focuses on finding associated biomarkers by using neuroimaging techniques. Multiple clinical brain imaging modalities emerged as potential techniques to study AD, showing a range of capacity in their preciseness to identify the disease. This review presents the advantages and limitations of brain imaging modalities for AD diagnosis and discusses their clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunHyun Kim
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.K.); (M.J.); (W.R.S.)
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Minhong Jeong
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.K.); (M.J.); (W.R.S.)
| | - Wesley R. Stiles
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.K.); (M.J.); (W.R.S.)
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.K.); (M.J.); (W.R.S.)
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Li T, Xu G, Yi J, Huang Y. Intraoperative Hypothermia Induces Vascular Dysfunction in the CA1 Region of Rat Hippocampus. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060692. [PMID: 35741578 PMCID: PMC9221322 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative hypothermia is very common and leads to memory decline. The hippocampus is responsible for memory formation. As a functional core area, the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus contains abundant blood vessels and is susceptible to ischemia. The aim of the study was to explore vascular function and neuronal state in the CA1 region of rats undergoing intraoperative hypothermia. The neuronal morphological change and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expression were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence respectively. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to assess vascular function. Results showed that intraoperative hypothermia inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and caused reactive oxygen species accumulation. Additionally, the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells was transformed from contractile to synthetic, showing a decrease in smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and an increase in osteopontin. Ultimately, vascular dysfunction caused neuronal pyknosis in the CA1 region and reduced memory-related Arc expression. In conclusion, neuronal disorder in the CA1 region was caused by intraoperative hypothermia-related vascular dysfunction. This study could provide a novel understanding of the effect of intraoperative hypothermia in the hippocampus, which might identify a new research target and treatment strategy.
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Systemic Inflammation Predicts Alzheimer Pathology in Community Samples without Dementia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061240. [PMID: 35740262 PMCID: PMC9219863 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is unclear at what stage of the disease process inflammation first becomes manifest. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between specific plasma markers of inflammation and OS, tau, and Amyloid-β 38, 40, and 42 levels in cognitively unimpaired middle-age and older individuals. Associations between inflammatory states identified through principal component analysis and AD biomarkers were investigated in middle-age (52–56 years, n = 335, 52% female) and older-age (72–76 years, n = 351, 46% female) participants without dementia. In middle-age, a component reflecting variation in OS was most strongly associated with tau and to a lesser extent amyloid-β levels. In older-age, a similar component to that observed in middle-age was only associated with tau, while another component reflecting heightened inflammation independent of OS, was associated with all AD biomarkers. In middle and older-age, inflammation and OS states are associated with plasma AD biomarkers.
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66
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Delussi M, Sciruicchio V, Taurisano P, Morgante F, Salvatore E, Ferrara IP, Clemente L, Sorbera C, de Tommaso M. Lower Prevalence of Chronic Pain in Manifest Huntington's Disease: A Pilot Observational Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:676. [PMID: 35625062 PMCID: PMC9139182 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a minor problem compared with other Huntington Disease (HD) symptoms. Nevertheless, in HD it is poorly recognized and underestimated. So far, no study evaluated the presence of chronic pain in HD. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the presence and features of chronic pain in a cohort of HD gene carriers. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of HD gene carriers compared to not gene carriers (n.134 HD subjects, n.74 not gene mutation carriers). A specific pain interview, alongside a neurological, cognitive and behavioural examination, was performed in order to classify the type of pain, subjective intensity. A significant prevalence of "no Pain" in HD was found, which tended to increase with HD progression and a reduced frequency of pain in the last 3 months. A clear difference was found between manifest and premanifest HD in terms of intensity of pain, which did not change significantly with HD progression; however, a tendency emerges to a progressive reduction. No significant group difference was present in analgesic use, type and the site of pain. These findings could support a lower prevalence of chronic pain in manifest HD. Prevalence and intensity of chronic pain seem directly influenced by the process of neurodegeneration rather than by an incorrect cognitive and emotional functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Delussi
- AOU Policlinico, Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs Department, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.T.); (L.C.); (M.d.T.)
| | - Vittorio Sciruicchio
- Children Epilepsy and EEG Center, PO, San Paolo ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale), 70019 Bari, Italy;
| | - Paolo Taurisano
- AOU Policlinico, Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs Department, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.T.); (L.C.); (M.d.T.)
| | - Francesca Morgante
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK;
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Messina, 98951 Messina, Italy
| | - Elena Salvatore
- AOU Federico II, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Università di Napoli, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.S.); (I.P.F.)
| | - Isabella Pia Ferrara
- AOU Federico II, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Università di Napoli, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.S.); (I.P.F.)
| | - Livio Clemente
- AOU Policlinico, Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs Department, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.T.); (L.C.); (M.d.T.)
| | - Chiara Sorbera
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marina de Tommaso
- AOU Policlinico, Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs Department, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.T.); (L.C.); (M.d.T.)
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Ahmed GK, Darwish AM, Khalifa H, Haridy NA. Relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and epilepsy: a literature review. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurological disorder. ADHD has been linked to epilepsy.
Main body
ADHD was found to be present in 30–40% of epileptic children. Researchers have developed numerous theories to explain how and why ADHD and epilepsy coexist. Whether ADHD and epilepsy symptoms are caused by co-occurring psychiatric disorders or by the temporary effects of epileptic discharges or by antiepileptic medicines is critical to consider. Diagnosis and treatment of individuals with ADHD and epilepsy are complicated and challenging from the clinical base.
Conclusions
Comorbidity between ADHD and epilepsy is still challenging to understand. The two diseases have a bidirectional link, so the association may not be coincidental. A disputable point is whether co-occurring ADHD and epilepsy symptoms represent a comorbid psychiatric disorder or are the epileptic discharges’ temporary effects, and are they related to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). It is recommended to follow up with children with epilepsy or ADHD as they may develop comorbidity after a while.
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68
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Cui Y, Zhang H, Zhu J, Liao Z, Wang S, Liu W. Investigation of Whole and Glandular Saliva as a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:595. [PMID: 35624982 PMCID: PMC9139762 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary Aβ40, Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau 181 are commonly employed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) investigations. However, the collection method of these biomarkers can affect their levels. To assess the impact of saliva collection methods on biomarkers in this study, 15 healthy people were employed in the morning with six saliva collection methods. The chosen methods were then applied in 30 AD patients and 30 non-AD controls. The levels of salivary biomarkers were calculated by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The receiver operating characteristic was utilized to assess salivary biomarkers in AD patients. The results demonstrated that the highest levels of salivary Aβ40, Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau were in different saliva collection methods. The correlations between different saliva biomarkers in the same collection method were different. Salivary Aβ40, Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau had no significant association. Salivary Aβ42 was higher in AD than in non-AD controls. However, p-tau/t-tau and Aβ42/Aβ40 had some relevance. The area under the curve for four biomarkers combined in AD diagnosis was 92.11%. An alternate saliva collection method (e.g., USS in Aβ40, UPS in Aβ42, t-tau, SSS in p-tau 181) was demonstrated in this study. Moreover, combining numerous biomarkers improves AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cui
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Hankun Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Jia Zhu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Zhenhua Liao
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Song Wang
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China;
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69
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Castillo-Mariqueo L, Giménez-Llort L. Impact of Behavioral Assessment and Re-Test as Functional Trainings That Modify Survival, Anxiety and Functional Profile (Physical Endurance and Motor Learning) of Old Male and Female 3xTg-AD Mice and NTg Mice with Normal Aging. Biomedicines 2022; 10:973. [PMID: 35625710 PMCID: PMC9138863 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal approaches for disease-monitoring in old animals face survival and frailty limitations, but also assessment and re-test bias on genotype and sex effects. The present work investigated these effects on 56 variables for behavior, functional profile, and biological status of male and female 3xTg-AD mice and NTg counterparts using two designs: (1) a longitudinal design: naïve 12-month-old mice re-tested four months later; and (2) a cross-sectional design: naïve 16-month-old mice compared to those re-tested. The results confirmed the impact as (1) improvement of survival (NTg rested females), variability of gait (3xTg-AD 16-month-old re-tested and naïve females), physical endurance (3xTg-AD re-tested females), motor learning (3xTg-AD and NTg 16-month-old re-tested females), and geotaxis (3xTg-AD naïve 16-month-old males); but (2) worse anxiety (3xTg-AD 16-month-old re-tested males), HPA axis (3xTg-AD 16-month-old re-tested and naïve females) and sarcopenia (3xTg-AD 16-month-old naïve females). Males showed more functional correlations than females. The functional profile, biological status, and their correlation are discussed as relevant elements for AD-pathology. Therefore, repetition of behavioral batteries could be considered training by itself, with some variables sensitive to genotype, sex, and re-test. In the AD-genotype, females achieved the best performance in physical endurance and motor learning, while males showed a deterioration in most studied variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Castillo-Mariqueo
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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70
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Martos D, Tuka B, Tanaka M, Vécsei L, Telegdy G. Memory Enhancement with Kynurenic Acid and Its Mechanisms in Neurotransmission. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040849. [PMID: 35453599 PMCID: PMC9027307 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan (Trp) metabolite known to possess neuroprotective property. KYNA plays critical roles in nociception, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. A lower level of KYNA is observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases or psychiatric disorders such as depression and autism spectrum disorders, whereas a higher level of KYNA is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Little is known about the optimal concentration for neuroprotection and the threshold for neurotoxicity. In this study the effects of KYNA on memory functions were investigated by passive avoidance test in mice. Six different doses of KYNA were administered intracerebroventricularly to previously trained CFLP mice and they were observed for 24 h. High doses of KYNA (i.e., 20–40 μg/2 μL) significantly decreased the avoidance latency, whereas a low dose of KYNA (0.5 μg/2 μL) significantly elevated it compared with controls, suggesting that the low dose of KYNA enhanced memory function. Furthermore, six different receptor blockers were applied to reveal the mechanisms underlying the memory enhancement induced by KYNA. The series of tests revealed the possible involvement of the serotonergic, dopaminergic, α and β adrenergic, and opiate systems in the nootropic effect. This study confirmed that a low dose of KYNA improved a memory component of cognitive domain, which was mediated by, at least in part, four systems of neurotransmission in an animal model of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Martos
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (B.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Bernadett Tuka
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (B.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (B.T.); (M.T.)
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (D.M.); (B.T.); (M.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-342-361
| | - Gyula Telegdy
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 5, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
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71
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Morrens M, Coppens V. LC-MS biomarker diagnostics for neuroinflammatory disorders. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103984. [PMID: 35378378 PMCID: PMC8980703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Morrens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium.
| | - V Coppens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
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Sex Differences in Metabolic Indices and Chronic Neuroinflammation in Response to Prolonged High-Fat Diet in ApoE4 Knock-In Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073921. [PMID: 35409283 PMCID: PMC8999114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) likely results from combinations of risk factors that include both genetic predisposition and modifiable lifestyle factors. The E4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the most significant genetic risk factor for LOAD. A Western-pattern diet (WD) has been shown to strongly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, conditions which have been strongly linked to an increased risk for developing AD. Little is known about how the WD may contribute to, or enhance, the increased risk presented by possession of the ApoE4 allele. To model this interaction over the course of a lifetime, we exposed male and female homozygote ApoE4 knock-in mice and wild-type controls to nine months of a high-fat WD or standard chow diet. At eleven months of age, the mice were tested for glucose tolerance and then for general activity and spatial learning and memory. Postmortem analysis of liver function and neuroinflammation in the brain was also assessed. Our results suggest that behavior impairments resulted from the convergence of interacting metabolic alterations, made worse in a male ApoE4 mice group who also showed liver dysfunction, leading to a higher level of inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Interestingly, female ApoE4 mice on a WD revealed impairments in spatial learning and memory without the observed liver dysfunction or increase in inflammatory markers in the brain. These results suggest multiple direct and indirect pathways through which ApoE and diet-related factors interact. The striking sex difference in markers of chronic neuroinflammation in male ApoE4 mice fed the high-fat WD suggests a specific mechanism of interaction conferring significant enhanced LOAD risk for humans with the ApoE4 allele, which may differ between sexes. Additionally, our results suggest researchers exercise caution when designing and interpreting results of experiments employing a WD, being careful not to assume a WD impacts both sexes by the same mechanisms.
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α-Synuclein at the Presynaptic Axon Terminal as a Double-Edged Sword. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040507. [PMID: 35454096 PMCID: PMC9029495 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic, lipid-binding protein strongly associated with the neuropathology observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In normal physiology, α-syn plays a pivotal role in facilitating endocytosis and exocytosis. Interestingly, mutations and modifications of precise α-syn domains interfere with α-syn oligomerization and nucleation that negatively affect presynaptic vesicular dynamics, protein expressions, and mitochondrial profiles. Furthermore, the integration of the α-syn oligomers into the presynaptic membrane results in pore formations, ion influx, and excitotoxicity. Targeted therapies against specific domains of α-syn, including the use of small organic molecules, monoclonal antibodies, and synthetic peptides, are being screened and developed. However, the prospect of an effective α-syn targeted therapy is still plagued by low permeability across the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and poor entry into the presynaptic axon terminals. The present review proposes a modification of current strategies, which includes the use of novel encapsulation technology, such as lipid nanoparticles, to bypass the BBB and deliver such agents into the brain.
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Miranda O, Fan P, Qi X, Yu Z, Ying J, Wang H, Brent DA, Silverstein JC, Chen Y, Wang L. DeepBiomarker: Identifying Important Lab Tests from Electronic Medical Records for the Prediction of Suicide-Related Events among PTSD Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:524. [PMID: 35455640 PMCID: PMC9025406 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying patients with high risk of suicide is critical for suicide prevention. We examined lab tests together with medication use and diagnosis from electronic medical records (EMR) data for prediction of suicide-related events (SREs; suicidal ideations, attempts and deaths) in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, a population with a high risk of suicide. We developed DeepBiomarker, a deep-learning model through augmenting the data, including lab tests, and integrating contribution analysis for key factor identification. We applied DeepBiomarker to analyze EMR data of 38,807 PTSD patients from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Our model predicted whether a patient would have an SRE within the following 3 months with an area under curve score of 0.930. Through contribution analysis, we identified important lab tests for suicide prediction. These identified factors imply that the regulation of the immune system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and gut microbiome were involved in shaping the pathophysiological pathways promoting depression and suicidal risks in PTSD patients. Our results showed that abnormal lab tests combined with medication use and diagnosis could facilitate predicting SRE risk. Moreover, this may imply beneficial effects for suicide prevention by treating comorbidities associated with these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshin Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA; (O.M.); (P.F.); (X.Q.)
| | - Peihao Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA; (O.M.); (P.F.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiguang Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA; (O.M.); (P.F.); (X.Q.)
| | - Zeshui Yu
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA;
| | - Jian Ying
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
| | - Haohan Wang
- Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - David A. Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Jonathan C. Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA; (O.M.); (P.F.); (X.Q.)
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Clanchy FIL, Huang YS, Ogbechi J, Darlington LG, Williams RO, Stone TW. Induction of IDO1 and Kynurenine by Serine Proteases Subtilisin, Prostate Specific Antigen, CD26 and HtrA: A New Form of Immunosuppression? Front Immunol 2022; 13:832989. [PMID: 35371018 PMCID: PMC8964980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several serine proteases have been linked to autoimmune disorders and tumour initiation although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Activation of the kynurenine pathway enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) modulates cellular activity in the brain, tolerogenesis in the immune system and is a major checkpoint in cancer development. We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin. These proteases also induce expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL1B and IL6. Other serine proteases tested: bacterial glu-C endopeptidase and mammalian Pro-protein Convertase Subtilase-Kexin-3 (PCSK3, furin), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), cathepsin G or neutrophil elastase, did not induce IDO1, indicating that the reported effects are not a general property of all serine proteases. The results represent a novel mechanism of activating immunosuppressive IDO1 and inducing kynurenine generation which, together with the production of inflammatory cytokines, would contribute to tumour initiation and progression, providing a new target for drug development. In addition, the proteasomal S20 serine protease inhibitor carfilzomib, used in the treatment of myeloma, prevented the induction of IDO1 and cytokine gene expression, potentially contributing to its clinical anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Ogbechi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L. Gail Darlington
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Ashtead Hospital, Ashtead, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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A Possible Pathogenic PSEN2 Gly56Ser Mutation in a Korean Patient with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062967. [PMID: 35328387 PMCID: PMC8953053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) is characterized by the presence of neurological symptoms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) before 65 years of age. Mutations in pathological genes, including amyloid protein precursor (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN2), were associated with EOAD. Seventy-six mutations in PSEN2 have been found around the world, which could affect the activity of γ-secretase in amyloid beta processing. Here, a heterozygous PSEN2 point mutation from G to A nucleotide change at position 166 (codon 56; c.166G>A, Gly56Ser) was identified in a 64-year-old Korean female with AD with progressive cognitive memory impairment for the 4 years prior to the hospital visit. Hippocampal atrophy was observed from magnetic resonance imaging-based neuroimaging analyses. Temporal and parietal cortex hypometabolisms were identified using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. This mutation was at the N-terminal portion of the presenilin 2 protein on the cytosolic side. Therefore, the serine substitution may have promoted AD pathogenesis by perturbing to the mutation region through altered phosphorylation of presenilin. In silico analysis revealed that the mutation altered protein bulkiness with increased hydrophilicity and reduced flexibility of the mutated region of the protein. Structural changes were likely caused by intramolecular interactions between serine and other residues, which may have affected APP processing. The functional study will clarify the pathogenicity of the mutation in the future.
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77
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Cognitive and Physical Intervention in Metals’ Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030345. [PMID: 35326301 PMCID: PMC8946530 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metals—especially iron, copper and manganese—are important elements of brain functions and development. Metal-dysregulation homeostasis is associated with brain-structure damage to the motor, cognitive and emotional systems, and leads to neurodegenerative processes. There is more and more evidence that specialized cognitive and motor exercises can enhance brain function and attenuate neurodegeneration in mechanisms, such as improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and function in many brain regions. Psychological and physical methods of rehabilitation are now becoming increasingly important, as pharmacological treatments for movement, cognitive and emotional symptoms are limited. The present study describes physical and cognitive rehabilitation methods of patients associated with metal-induced neurotoxicity such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease and Wilson’s disease. In our review, we describe physical (e.g., virtual-reality environments, robotic-assists training) and psychological (cognitive training, cognitive stimulation, neuropsychological rehabilitation and cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies) methods, significantly improving the quality of life and independence of patients associated with storage diseases. Storage diseases are a diverse group of hereditary metabolic defects characterized by the abnormal cumulation of storage material in cells. This topic is being addressed due to the fact that rehabilitation plays a vital role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately so far there are no specific guidelines concerning physiotherapy in neurodegenerative disorders, especially in regards to duration of exercise, type of exercise and intensity, as well as frequency of exercise. This is in part due to the variety of symptoms of these diseases and the various levels of disease progression. This further proves the need for more research to be carried out on the role of exercise in neurodegenerative disorder treatment.
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李 语, 刘 媛, 陈 峰, 初 明, 陈 霄. [Relationship between Oral Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2022; 53:194-200. [PMID: 35332717 PMCID: PMC10409350 DOI: 10.12182/20220360304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. In an aging society, the high prevalence of AD and the low quality of life of AD patients create serious problems for individuals, families and the society. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of AD are still not fully understood. Age, genetics, environment and other factors are all relevant to AD, and treatment has not achieved satisfactory results. Recent studies have found that oral dysbiosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of AD, and that oral bacterial infection may be one of the causes of AD. Oral cavity is the largest microbial ecosystem of human body, and its homeostasis is critical to health. Bacterial infections caused by oral dysbiosis can directly and indirectly induce the metabolic imbalance of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brain and the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein. Then, the precipitation forms senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that damage neurons. Based on the latest research findings, we herein discussed the correlation between oral microbiota and the pathogenesis of AD and the mechanisms involved, as well as the pathogenic mechanism of main oral bacteria. In addition, we explored the potential application prospects of oral microbiota-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- 语晨 李
- 北京大学口腔医学院 中心实验室 (北京 100081)Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 媛 刘
- 北京大学口腔医学院 中心实验室 (北京 100081)Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 峰 陈
- 北京大学口腔医学院 中心实验室 (北京 100081)Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 明 初
- 北京大学口腔医学院 中心实验室 (北京 100081)Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 霄迟 陈
- 北京大学口腔医学院 中心实验室 (北京 100081)Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
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79
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Wang HN, Sun SS, Liu MZ, Yan MC, Liu YF, Zhu Z, Zhang Z. Natural bioactive compounds from marine fungi (2017-2020). JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:203-230. [PMID: 34253101 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1947254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites generated by marine fungi have relatively small molecular weights and excellent activities and have become an important source for developing drug lead compounds. The review summarizes the structures of novel small-molecule compounds derived from marine fungi in recent years; introduces representative monomers in antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-viral, and anti-neuritis aspects; and discusses their biological activities and molecular mechanisms. This review will act as a guide for further discovering marine-derived drugs with novel chemical structures and specific targeting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Shan-Shan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Meng-Zhen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Mao-Cai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China
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80
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Jung YS, Lee J, Moon CM. Positive fecal immunochemical test results are associated with non-colorectal cancer mortality. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:313-321. [PMID: 34579523 PMCID: PMC8925959 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Studies have reported an association between fecal occult blood and increased all-cause, non-colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as CRC mortality. This study aimed to determine whether positive fecal immunochemistry test (FIT) results are associated with death from various causes in the South Korean population. METHODS Using the Korean National Cancer Screening Program database, we collected data on patients who underwent FIT between 2009 and 2011. RESULTS Of the 5,932,544 participants, 380,789 (6.4%) had positive FIT results. FIT-positive participants had a higher mortality rate than FIT-negative participants from CRC (1.33 and 0.21 per 1,000 person-years, p < 0.001, respectively) and non-CRC causes (10.40 and 7.50 per 1,000 person-years, p < 0.001, respectively). Despite adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption habits, body mass index, comorbidity, and aspirin use, FIT positivity was associated with an increased risk of dying from all non-CRC causes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.18) and CRC (aHR, 5.61; 95% CI, 5.40 to 5.84). Additionally, FIT positivity was significantly associated with increased mortality from circulatory disease (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.17), respiratory disease (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.19), digestive disease (aHR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.66), neuropsychological disease (aHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.16), blood and endocrine diseases (aHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.17), and external factors (aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.20). CONCLUSION Positive FIT results are associated with an increased risk of mortality from CRC and various other chronic diseases, suggesting that it could be a predictor of mortality independent of its association with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul,
Korea
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Hendrickx JO, Calus E, De Deyn PP, Van Dam D, De Meyer GRY. Short-Term Pharmacological Induction of Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension with Angiotensin II Does Not Affect Learning and Memory and Cerebral Amyloid Load in Two Murine Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2738. [PMID: 35269879 PMCID: PMC8910756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the unprecedented rise in the world's population, the prevalence of prominent age-related disorders, like cardiovascular disease and dementia, will further increase. Recent experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests a mechanistic overlap between cardiovascular disease and dementia with a specific focus on the linkage between arterial stiffness, a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, and/or hypertension with Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated whether pharmacological induction of arterial stiffness and hypertension with angiotensin II (1 µg·kg-1·min-1 for 28 days via an osmotic minipump) impairs the progression of Alzheimer's disease in two mouse models (hAPP23+/- and hAPPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice). Our results show increased arterial stiffness in vivo and hypertension in addition to cardiac hypertrophy after angiotensin II treatment. However, visuospatial learning and memory and pathological cerebral amyloid load in both Alzheimer's disease mouse models were not further impaired. It is likely that the 28-day treatment period with angiotensin II was too short to observe additional effects on cognition and cerebral pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O. Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Elke Calus
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.C.); (P.P.D.D.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.C.); (P.P.D.D.); (D.V.D.)
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.C.); (P.P.D.D.); (D.V.D.)
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Alzheimer's Disease Seen through the Eye: Ocular Alterations and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052486. [PMID: 35269629 PMCID: PMC8910735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the main neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Unfortunately, AD shares many similarities with other dementias at early stages, which impedes an accurate premortem diagnosis. Therefore, it is urgent to find biomarkers to allow for early diagnosis of the disease. There is increasing scientific evidence highlighting the similarities between the eye and other structures of the CNS, suggesting that knowledge acquired in eye research could be useful for research and diagnosis of AD. For example, the retina and optic nerve are considered part of the central nervous system, and their damage can result in retrograde and anterograde axon degeneration, as well as abnormal protein aggregation. In the anterior eye segment, the aqueous humor and tear film may be comparable to the cerebrospinal fluid. Both fluids are enriched with molecules that can be potential neurodegenerative biomarkers. Indeed, the pathophysiology of AD, characterized by cerebral deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein, is also present in the eyes of AD patients, besides numerous structural and functional changes observed in the structure of the eyes. Therefore, all this evidence suggests that ocular changes have the potential to be used as either predictive values for AD assessment or as diagnostic tools.
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de Oliveira JADP, de Athaide MM, Rahman AU, de Mattos Barbosa MG, Jardim MM, Moraes MO, Pinheiro RO. Kynurenines in the Pathogenesis of Peripheral Neuropathy During Leprosy and COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815738. [PMID: 35281455 PMCID: PMC8907883 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders are associated with the activation of tryptophan (TRYP) catabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP). Several reports have demonstrated the role of KP in the immunopathophysiology of both leprosy and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The nervous system can be affected in infections caused by both Mycobacterium leprae and SARS-CoV-2, but the mechanisms involved in the peripheral neural damage induced by these infectious agents are not fully understood. In recent years KP has received greater attention due the importance of kynurenine metabolites in infectious diseases, immune dysfunction and nervous system disorders. In this review, we discuss how modulation of the KP may aid in controlling the damage to peripheral nerves and the effects of KP activation on neural damage during leprosy or COVID-19 individually and we speculate its role during co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atta Ur Rahman
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Maria Jardim
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Roberta Olmo Pinheiro,
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El-Kattan MM, Rashed LA, Shazly SR, Ismail RS. Relation of serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson’s disease. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Inflammation is suggested to play a role in the development of non-motor Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms. We aimed to investigate the association between serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and cognition in PD patients. Thirty patients with PD and 30 healthy controls were included. Evaluation and staging of PD were done using Unified PD Rating Scale. Cognitive assessment was done using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) and trail making B tests. Measurement of serum levels of TNF-α was done.
Results
Patients had significantly worser cognitive scores than controls except for language subclass of ACE score. Mean serum TNF-α level was significantly greater in PD patients as compared to controls. TNF-α serum level was significantly negatively correlated with ACE visuospatial function. Sensitivity and specificity of TNF-α to detect cognitive dysfunction in PD using ACE III and trail making B tests were (73.1, 75%), (57.1, 56.2%), respectively, whereas sensitivity and specificity of TNF-α to detect severity of PD using H&Y staging in PD were 50%.
Conclusion
Patients with PD frequently have cognitive impairment. Elevated serum TNF-α levels in patients with PD, and association of this cytokine to visuospatial impairment, implicate this pro-inflammatory cytokine in the neurobiology of cognitive impairment in PD.
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Stoica SI, Bleotu C, Ciobanu V, Ionescu AM, Albadi I, Onose G, Munteanu C. Considerations about Hypoxic Changes in Neuraxis Tissue Injuries and Recovery. Biomedicines 2022; 10:481. [PMID: 35203690 PMCID: PMC8962344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia represents the temporary or longer-term decrease or deprivation of oxygen in organs, tissues, and cells after oxygen supply drops or its excessive consumption. Hypoxia can be (para)-physiological-adaptive-or pathological. Thereby, the mechanisms of hypoxia have many implications, such as in adaptive processes of normal cells, but to the survival of neoplastic ones, too. Ischemia differs from hypoxia as it means a transient or permanent interruption or reduction of the blood supply in a given region or tissue and consequently a poor provision with oxygen and energetic substratum-inflammation and oxidative stress damages generating factors. Considering the implications of hypoxia on nerve tissue cells that go through different ischemic processes, in this paper, we will detail the molecular mechanisms by which such structures feel and adapt to hypoxia. We will present the hypoxic mechanisms and changes in the CNS. Also, we aimed to evaluate acute, subacute, and chronic central nervous hypoxic-ischemic changes, hoping to understand better and systematize some neuro-muscular recovery methods necessary to regain individual independence. To establish the link between CNS hypoxia, ischemic-lesional mechanisms, and neuro-motor and related recovery, we performed a systematic literature review following the" Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA") filtering method by interrogating five international medical renown databases, using, contextually, specific keywords combinations/"syntaxes", with supplementation of the afferent documentation through an amount of freely discovered, also contributive, bibliographic resources. As a result, 45 papers were eligible according to the PRISMA-inspired selection approach, thus covering information on both: intimate/molecular path-physiological specific mechanisms and, respectively, consequent clinical conditions. Such a systematic process is meant to help us construct an article structure skeleton giving a primary objective input about the assembly of the literature background to be approached, summarised, and synthesized. The afferent contextual search (by keywords combination/syntaxes) we have fulfilled considerably reduced the number of obtained articles. We consider this systematic literature review is warranted as hypoxia's mechanisms have opened new perspectives for understanding ischemic changes in the CNS neuraxis tissue/cells, starting at the intracellular level and continuing with experimental research to recover the consequent clinical-functional deficits better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Isabelle Stoica
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” (UMPCD), 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.S.); (A.M.I.)
- Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni” (TEHBA), 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Vlad Ciobanu
- Computer Science Department, Politehnica University of Bucharest (PUB), 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Mirela Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” (UMPCD), 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.S.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Irina Albadi
- Teaching Emergency County Hospital “Sf. Apostol Andrei”, 900591 Constanta, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Gelu Onose
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” (UMPCD), 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.I.S.); (A.M.I.)
- Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni” (TEHBA), 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Munteanu
- Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni” (TEHBA), 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Research, Romanian Association of Balneology, 022251 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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86
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El-Tallawy HN, Saadeldin HM, Ezzeldin AM, Tohamy AM, Eltellawy S, Bathalath AM, Shehab MM. Genetic, clinical, and biochemical aspects of patients with Alzheimer disease. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The clinical manifestations of AD are loss of memory that is progressive and deterioration in cognitive function. The objective of this study is to find patterns of AD among patients regarding clinical aspects, psychological aspects, and laboratory aspects, as well as to determine the role of some genes (APOE1, APOE2, and TMEM106B) in the pathogenesis of AD. In this case–control study, 40 patients with AD were recruited from the inpatient neurology departments and outpatient neurology clinics of the university hospitals in the period of January 1 to December 31, 2017. Furthermore, 40 cross-matched control patients underwent a complete history taking, neurological examination, brain MRI or CT, psychometric tests, thyroid function, and lipid profile measurements. Extracted DNA was quantified using a nanodrop analyzer (ND-1OOO) spectrophotometer for TMEM106B (rs1990622), APOE2 (rs429358), and APOE1 (rs7412).
Results
All subtypes of lipid profiles were significantly higher in patients with AD than the controls. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding TMEM106B. There was an insignificant difference regarding thyroid hormones T3, T4, and TSH between patients and controls. There was no significant difference between AD patients and the control group regarding APOE-1 and APOE-2. Patients were worse than controls in tests of cognition, such as The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and auditory number and letter span test. In addition, AD patients had more depression than controls.
Conclusion
There may be a significant role of a high lipid profile and TMEM106B expression in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Lee EC, Hong DY, Lee DH, Park SW, Lee JY, Jeong JH, Kim EY, Chung HM, Hong KS, Park SP, Lee MR, Oh JS. Inflammation and Rho-Associated Protein Kinase-Induced Brain Changes in Vascular Dementia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020446. [PMID: 35203655 PMCID: PMC8962349 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with vascular dementia, caused by cerebral ischemia, experience long-term cognitive impairment due to the lack of effective treatment. The mechanisms of and treatments for vascular dementia have been investigated in various animal models; however, the insufficient information on gene expression changes that define pathological conditions hampers progress. To investigate the underlying mechanism of and facilitate treatment development for vascular dementia, we established a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, including bilateral carotid artery stenosis, by using microcoils, and elucidated the molecular pathway underlying vascular dementia development. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) 1/2, which regulates cellular structure, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) were upregulated in the vascular dementia model. However, expression of claudin-5, which maintains the blood–brain barrier, and MAP2 as a nerve cell-specific factor, was decreased in the hippocampal region of the vascular dementia model. Thus, we revealed that ROCK pathway activation loosens the tight junction of the blood–brain barrier and increases the influx of inflammatory cytokines into the hippocampal region, leading to neuronal death and causing cognitive and emotional dysfunction. Our vascular dementia model allows effective study of the vascular dementia mechanism. Moreover, the ROCK pathway may be a target for vascular dementia treatment development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Dong-Yong Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Ji Hun Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); (K.-S.H.); (S.-P.P.)
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); (K.-S.H.); (S.-P.P.)
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ki-Sung Hong
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); (K.-S.H.); (S.-P.P.)
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); (K.-S.H.); (S.-P.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
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88
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Falsetti L, Viticchi G, Zaccone V, Guerrieri E, Moroncini G, Luzzi S, Silvestrini M. Shared Molecular Mechanisms among Alzheimer’s Disease, Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction and Vascular Risk Factors: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020439. [PMID: 35203654 PMCID: PMC8962428 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting 24 million individuals. Clinical and epidemiological studies have found several links between vascular risk factors (VRF), neurovascular unit dysfunction (NVUd), blood-brain barrier breakdown (BBBb) and AD onset and progression in adulthood, suggesting a pathogenetic continuum between AD and vascular dementia. Shared pathways between AD, VRF, and NVUd/BBB have also been found at the molecular level, underlining the strength of this association. The present paper reviewed the literature describing commonly shared molecular pathways between adult-onset AD, VRF, and NVUd/BBBb. Current evidence suggests that VRF and NVUd/BBBb are involved in AD neurovascular and neurodegenerative pathology and share several molecular pathways. This is strongly supportive of the hypothesis that the presence of VRF can at least facilitate AD onset and progression through several mechanisms, including NVUd/BBBb. Moreover, vascular disease and several comorbidities may have a cumulative effect on VRF and worsen the clinical manifestations of AD. Early detection and correction of VRF and vascular disease by improving NVUd/BBBd could be a potential target to reduce the overall incidence and delay cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Falsetti
- Internal and Subintensive Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60100 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-596-5269
| | - Giovanna Viticchi
- Neurologic Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.V.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Zaccone
- Internal and Subintensive Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60100 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Guerrieri
- Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Simona Luzzi
- Neurologic Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.V.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Mauro Silvestrini
- Neurologic Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.V.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
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89
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Sharma VK, Singh TG, Prabhakar NK, Mannan A. Kynurenine Metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease: The Potential Targets and Approaches. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1459-1476. [PMID: 35133568 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
L-tryptophan, an essential amino acid, regulates protein homeostasis and plays a role in neurotransmitter-mediated physiological events. It also influences age-associated neurological alterations and neurodegenerative changes. The metabolism of tryptophan is carried majorly through the kynurenine route, leading to the production of several pharmacologically active enzymes, substrates, and metabolites. These metabolites and enzymes influence a variety of physiological and pathological outcomes of the majority of systems, including endocrine, haemopoietic, gastrointestinal, immunomodulatory, inflammatory, bioenergetic metabolism, and neuronal functions. An extensive literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on the kynurenine metabolites that influence cellular redox potential, immunoregulatory mechanisms, inflammatory pathways, cell survival channels, and cellular communication in close association with several neurodegenerative changes. The imbalanced state of kynurenine pathways has found a close association to several pathological disorders, including HIV infections, cancer, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative and neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and has found special attention in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Kynurenine pathway (KP) is intricately linked to AD pathogenesis owing to the influence of kynurenine metabolites on excitotoxic neurotransmission, oxidative stress, uptake of neurotransmitters, and modulation of neuroinflammation, amyloid aggregation, microtubule disruption, and their ability to induce a state of dysbiosis. Pharmacological modulation of KP pathways has shown encouraging results, indicating that it may be a viable and explorable target for the therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
- Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171207, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | | | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
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90
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Pimentel GA, Guimarães TG, Silva GD, Scaff M. Case Report: Neurodegenerative Diseases After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, a Report of Three Cases: Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease, Rapidly Progressive Alzheimer's Disease, and Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurol 2022; 13:731369. [PMID: 35197920 PMCID: PMC8858976 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.731369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and neurodegenerative diseases is yet to be fully clarified. Rapid worsening and even new-onset cases of those disorders have been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe three cases of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with SARS-CoV-2: a case of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease during the COVID-19 acute phase, to our knowledge, is the second one described in the literature; a rapidly progressive Alzheimer's Disease; and a patient with frontotemporal dementia, and a quick decline of both cognitive and behavioral domains. This report suggests an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and a higher probability of developing or accelerating neurodegenerative chronic neurologic conditions. We reinforce the need for a close cognitive follow-up in the aftermath of Sars-Cov2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Almeida Pimentel
- Hospital Sirio-Libanes and The University of São Paulo Medical School, Neurology, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gabriela Almeida Pimentel
| | | | - Guilherme Diogo Silva
- Hospital Sirio-Libanes and The University of São Paulo Medical School, Neurology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milberto Scaff
- Hospital Sirio-Libanes and Professor of The University of São Paulo Medical School, Neurology, São Paulo, Brazil
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91
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Aberrant Structure MRI in Parkinson’s Disease and Comorbidity with Depression Based on Multinomial Tensor Regression Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010089. [PMID: 35055404 PMCID: PMC8779164 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression is a prominent and highly prevalent nonmotor feature in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neural and pathophysiologic mechanisms of PD with depression (DPD) remain unclear. The current diagnosis of DPD largely depends on clinical evaluation. Methods: We proposed a new family of multinomial tensor regressions that leveraged whole-brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to discriminate among 196 non-depressed PD (NDPD) patients, 84 DPD patients, 200 healthy controls (HC), and to assess the special brain microstructures in NDPD and DPD. The method of maximum likelihood estimation coupled with state-of-art gradient descent algorithms was used to predict the individual diagnosis of PD and the development of DPD in PD patients. Results: The results reveal that the proposed efficient approach not only achieved a high prediction accuracy (0.94) with a multi-class AUC (0.98) for distinguishing between NDPD, DPD, and HC on the testing set but also located the most discriminative regions for NDPD and DPD, including cortical regions, the cerebellum, the brainstem, the bilateral basal ganglia, and the thalamus and limbic regions. Conclusions: The proposed imaging technique based on tensor regression performs well without any prior feature information, facilitates a deeper understanding into the abnormalities in DPD and PD, and plays an essential role in the statistical analysis of high-dimensional complex MRI imaging data to support the radiological diagnosis of comorbidity of depression with PD.
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92
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The microRNA-455 Null Mouse Has Memory Deficit and Increased Anxiety, Targeting Key Genes Involved in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010554. [PMID: 35008980 PMCID: PMC8745123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain to be elucidated. Recently, microRNA-455-3p has been identified as a circulating biomarker of early AD, with increased expression in post-mortem brain tissue of AD patients. MicroRNA-455-3p also directly targets and down-regulates APP, with the overexpression of miR-455-3p suppressing its toxic effects. Here, we show that miR-455-3p expression decreases with age in the brains of wild-type mice. We generated a miR-455 null mouse utilising CRISPR-Cas9 to explore its function further. Loss of miR-455 resulted in increased weight gain, potentially indicative of metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, performance on the novel object recognition task diminished significantly in miR-455 null mice (p = 0.004), indicating deficits in recognition memory. A slight increase in anxiety was also captured on the open field test. BACE1 and TAU were identified as new direct targets for miR-455-3p, with overexpression of miR-455-3p leading to a reduction in the expression of APP, BACE1 and TAU in neuroblastoma cells. In the hippocampus of miR-455 null mice at 14 months of age, the levels of protein for APP, BACE1 and TAU were all increased. Such findings reinforce the involvement of miR-455 in AD progression and demonstrate its action on cognitive performance.
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93
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Sazali Hamzah A, Fazli Mohammat M, Wibowo A, Shaameri Z, Nur Ain Abdul Rashid F, Hidayah Pungot N. Five-Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles as New Lead Compounds in Drug Discovery. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-sr(r)7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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94
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Nyatega CO, Qiang L, Adamu MJ, Kawuwa HB. Gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: A voxel-based morphometry study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1027907. [PMID: 36325532 PMCID: PMC9618656 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity among other symptoms. With a 70% cumulative prevalence of dementia in PD, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms are frequent. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we looked at anatomical brain differences between groups of patients and controls. A total of 138 people with PD were compared to 64 age-matched healthy people using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). VBM is a fully automated technique that allows for the identification of regional differences in gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) allowing for an objective comparison of brains of different groups of people. We used statistical parametric mapping for image processing and statistical analysis. RESULTS In comparison to controls, PD patients had lower GM volumes in the left middle cingulate, left lingual gyrus, right calcarine and left fusiform gyrus, also PD patients indicated lower WM volumes in the right middle cingulate, left lingual gyrus, right calcarine, and left inferior occipital gyrus. Moreover, PD patients group demonstrated higher CSF in the left caudate compared to the controls. CONCLUSION Physical fragility and cognitive impairments in PD may be detected more easily if anatomical abnormalities to the cingulate gyrus, occipital lobe and the level of CSF in the caudate are identified. Thus, our findings shed light on the role of the brain in PD and may aid in a better understanding of the events that occur in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Okanda Nyatega
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Li Qiang
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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95
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Okanda Nyatega C, Qiang L, Jajere Adamu M, Bello Kawuwa H. Altered striatal functional connectivity and structural dysconnectivity in individuals with bipolar disorder: A resting state magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1054380. [PMID: 36440395 PMCID: PMC9682136 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1054380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood swing illness characterized by episodes ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. Although the specific origin of BD is unknown, genetics, environment, and changes in brain structure and chemistry may all have a role. Through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations, this study looked into functional abnormalities involving the striatum between BD group and healthy controls (HC), compared the whole-brain gray matter (GM) morphological patterns between the groups and see whether functional connectivity has its underlying structural basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied sliding windows to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 49 BD patients and 44 HCs to generate temporal correlations maps to determine strength and variability of the striatum-to-whole-brain-network functional connectivity (FC) in each window whilst also employing voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to high-resolution structural MRI data to uncover structural differences between the groups. RESULTS Our analyses revealed increased striatal connectivity in three consecutive windows 69, 70, and 71 (180, 182, and 184 s) in individuals with BD (p < 0.05; Bonferroni corrected) in fMRI images. Moreover, the VBM findings of structural images showed gray matter (GM) deficits in the left precentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus of the BD patients (p = 0.001, uncorrected) when compared to HCs. Variability of striatal connectivity did not reveal significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION These findings revealed that BD was associated with a weakening of the precentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, also implying that bipolar illness may be linked to striatal functional brain alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Okanda Nyatega
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Li Qiang
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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96
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Urban-Kowalczyk M, Kasjaniuk M, Śmigielski J, Kotlicka-Antczak M. Major Depression and Onset of Frontotemporal Dementia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2807-2812. [PMID: 36471745 PMCID: PMC9719411 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s390385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is still a clinical challenge with the highest rate of misdiagnosis and poor outcome. The pathogenetic relationship between depression and neurodegeneration remains unclear. This study evaluated depression prevalence before FTD diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS The aim was to assess the prevalence and impact of depression on FTD diagnostic process. The clinical characteristics of 72 patients hospitalized in Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders Medical University of Lodz between 2010 and 2020 with final diagnosis FTD were analyzed. The data referring to first psychiatric diagnosis, time from first psychopathological symptoms to clarification of FTD diagnosis were collected. The patients who did not undergo full neuropsychiatric verification were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS About 69% of patients had other concomitant diagnosis of mental disorders which was made prior to FTD diagnosis. Among this subsample, 71% revealed depression diagnosis with at least moderate severity. The patients whose first diagnosis was psychotic depression revealed the longest period from the appearance of the first psychopathological symptoms to the diagnosis of FTD in comparison to the subsample with other psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.034; mean 4.33±3.28 years vs mean 2.68±1.39 years). CONCLUSION The severe depressive symptoms in older age may reflect the development of neurodegeneration before full-blown frontotemporal dementia symptomatology. We hypothesized that psychotic depression is a predictor of FTD. Further investigations in this field are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janusz Śmigielski
- Department of Health Sciences, State University of Applied Sciences in Konin, Konin, Poland
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97
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Zhou S, Huang Y, Kuang Q, Yan S, Li H, Wu K, Wu F, Huang X. Kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with gray matter volume in subjects with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:941479. [PMID: 36016974 PMCID: PMC9395706 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.941479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been growing evidence of the existence of abnormalities in the kynurenine pathway (KP) and structural gray matter volume (GMV) in schizophrenia (SCZ). Numerous studies have suggested that abnormal kynurenine metabolism (KM) in the brain is clearly associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and may be one of the pathological mechanisms of SCZ. In this pilot study, we investigated whether there was a correlation between KP and GMV in schizophrenia patients. METHODS The plasma levels of KM were measured in 41 patients who met the Structured Clinical Interview of the Diagnostic IV criteria for schizophrenia and 60 healthy controls by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and cortical thickness (as measured via magnetic resonance imaging) was obtained. RESULTS Our study showed no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of kynurenine (KYN), tryptophan (TRP), and KYNA/TRP (all p > 0.05), but kynurenic acid (KYNA) and the KYNA/KYN ratio were significantly higher in the schizophrenia subjects than in the healthy controls (F = 4.750, p = 0.032; F = 6.153, p = 0.015, respectively) after controlling for age and sex. Spearman's tests showed that KYN concentrations in SCZ patients were negatively correlated with GMV in the left front cingulate belt (r = -0.325, p = 0.046) and that KYN/TRP was negatively correlated with GMV in the left island (r = -0.396, p = 0.014) and right island (r = -0.385, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Our findings appear to provide new insights into the predisposition of an imbalance in the relative metabolism of KYN/TRP and KYN to GMV in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiao Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijie Kuang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su Yan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hehua Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingbing Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Spekker E, Tanaka M, Szabó Á, Vécsei L. Neurogenic Inflammation: The Participant in Migraine and Recent Advancements in Translational Research. Biomedicines 2021; 10:76. [PMID: 35052756 PMCID: PMC8773152 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by a unilateral, throbbing, pulsing headache, which lasts for hours to days, and the pain can interfere with daily activities. It exhibits various symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, sound, and odors, and physical activity consistently contributes to worsening pain. Despite the intensive research, little is still known about the pathomechanism of migraine. It is widely accepted that migraine involves activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular system. It leads to the release of several pro-inflammatory neuropeptides and neurotransmitters and causes a cascade of inflammatory tissue responses, including vasodilation, plasma extravasation secondary to capillary leakage, edema, and mast cell degranulation. Convincing evidence obtained in rodent models suggests that neurogenic inflammation is assumed to contribute to the development of a migraine attack. Chemical stimulation of the dura mater triggers activation and sensitization of the trigeminal system and causes numerous molecular and behavioral changes; therefore, this is a relevant animal model of acute migraine. This narrative review discusses the emerging evidence supporting the involvement of neurogenic inflammation and neuropeptides in the pathophysiology of migraine, presenting the most recent advances in preclinical research and the novel therapeutic approaches to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonóra Spekker
- Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (E.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (E.S.); (M.T.)
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - László Vécsei
- Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (E.S.); (M.T.)
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
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99
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Investigating the Endo-Lysosomal System in Major Neurocognitive Disorders Due to Alzheimer's Disease, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Lewy Body Disease: Evidence for SORL1 as a Cross-Disease Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413633. [PMID: 34948429 PMCID: PMC8704369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in the endo-lysosomal system have been hypothesized to underlie neurodegeneration in major neurocognitive disorders due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD), and Lewy body disease (DLB). The aim of this study is to investigate whether these diseases share genetic variability in the endo-lysosomal pathway. In AD, DLB, and FTLD patients and in controls (948 subjects), we performed a targeted sequencing of the top 50 genes belonging to the endo-lysosomal pathway. Genetic analyses revealed (i) four previously reported disease-associated variants in the SORL1 (p.N1246K, p.N371T, p.D2065V) and DNAJC6 genes (p.M133L) in AD, FTLD, and DLB, extending the previous knowledge attesting SORL1 and DNAJC6 as AD- and PD-related genes, respectively; (ii) three predicted null variants in AD patients in the SORL1 (p.R985X in early onset familial AD, p.R1207X) and PPT1 (p.R48X in early onset familial AD) genes, where loss of function is a known disease mechanism. A single variant and gene burden analysis revealed some nominally significant results of potential interest for SORL1 and DNAJC6 genes. Our data highlight that genes controlling key endo-lysosomal processes (i.e., protein sorting/transport, clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating, lysosomal enzymatic activity regulation) might be involved in AD, FTLD and DLB pathogenesis, thus suggesting an etiological link behind these diseases.
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100
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Yefimova MG, Béré E, Cantereau-Becq A, Meunier-Balandre AC, Merceron B, Burel A, Merienne K, Ravel C, Becq F, Bourmeyster N. Myelinosome Organelles in the Retina of R6/1 Huntington Disease (HD) Mice: Ubiquitous Distribution and Possible Role in Disease Spreading. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312771. [PMID: 34884576 PMCID: PMC8657466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual deficit is one of the complications of Huntington disease (HD), a fatal neurological disorder caused by CAG trinucleotide expansions in the Huntingtin gene, leading to the production of mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) protein. Transgenic HD R6/1 mice expressing human HTT exon1 with 115 CAG repeats recapitulate major features of the human pathology and exhibit a degeneration of the retina. Our aim was to gain insight into the ultrastructure of the pathological HD R6/1 retina by electron microscopy (EM). We show that the HD R6/1 retina is enriched with unusual organelles myelinosomes, produced by retinal neurons and glia. Myelinosomes are present in all nuclear and plexiform layers, in the synaptic terminals of photoreceptors, in the processes of retinal neurons and glial cells, and in the subretinal space. In vitro study shows that myelinosomes secreted by human retinal glial Müller MIO-M1 cells transfected with EGFP-mHTT-exon1 carry EGFP-mHTT-exon1 protein, as revealed by immuno-EM and Western-blotting. Myelinosomes loaded with mHTT-exon1 are incorporated by naive neuronal/neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. This results in the emergence of mHTT-exon1 in recipient cells. This process is blocked by membrane fusion inhibitor MDL 28170. Conclusion: Incorporation of myelinosomes carrying mHTT-exon1 in recipient cells may contribute to HD spreading in the retina. Exploring ocular fluids for myelinosome presence could bring an additional biomarker for HD diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G. Yefimova
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers/CNRS, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers, France; (A.C.-B.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (F.B.); (N.B.)
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Pr. Thorez, 194233 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, Hopital SUD, 16 Bd de Bulgarie, CEDEX, 35000 Rennes, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Emile Béré
- Plateforme IMAGE-UP, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers, France; (E.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Anne Cantereau-Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers/CNRS, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers, France; (A.C.-B.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (F.B.); (N.B.)
- Plateforme IMAGE-UP, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers, France; (E.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Annie-Claire Meunier-Balandre
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers/CNRS, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers, France; (A.C.-B.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (F.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Bruno Merceron
- Plateforme IMAGE-UP, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers, France; (E.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Agnès Burel
- Plateforme Mric TEM, BIOSIT UMS 34 80, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Av. Pr. Léon Bernard, CEDEX, 35043 Rennes, France;
| | - Karine Merienne
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptive Neurosciences (LNCA), University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- CNRS UMR 7364, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Célia Ravel
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, Hopital SUD, 16 Bd de Bulgarie, CEDEX, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers/CNRS, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers, France; (A.C.-B.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (F.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Bourmeyster
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers/CNRS, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers, France; (A.C.-B.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (F.B.); (N.B.)
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 1, Rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
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