51
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Pradhan B, Patra S, Nayak R, Behera C, Dash SR, Nayak S, Sahu BB, Bhutia SK, Jena M. Multifunctional role of fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides in human health and disease: A journey under the sea in pursuit of potent therapeutic agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4263-4278. [PMID: 32916197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a complex polysaccharide (molecular weight 10,000-100,000 Da) derived from brown algae which comprises of L-fucose and sulfate groups have potential as therapeutic diligences against several human diseases. The fucoidan has expanded a widespread range of pharmacological properties as an anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-adhesive, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral and anti-neurodegenerative agents owing to their diverse chemical conformation and potent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of the fucoidan contribute towards their disease preventive potency through dynamic modulation of key intracellular signalling pathways, regulation of ROS accumulation, and maintenance of principal cell survival and death pathways. Additionally, it also reduces cancer-associated cachexia. Despite the wide range of therapeutic potency, the fucoidan is heavily regarded as an unexplored plethora of druggable entities in the current situation. The isolation, screening, biological application, pre-clinical, and clinical assessment along with large scale cost-effective production remain a foremost task to be assessed. Moreover, the chemical synthesis of the present bioactive drug with confirmational rearrangement for enhanced availability and bioactivity also need tenacious investigation. Hence, in the present review, we give attention to the source of isolation of fucoidan, their principle strategic deployment in disease prevention, and the mechanistic investigation of how it works to combat different diseases that can be used for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Dash
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Sneha Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Binod Bihari Sahu
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India.
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Murakami S, Kimura K, Kawasaki A, Ono A, Mizutani T, Sugiura A, Hirazawa C, Yada T, Sinki J, Ito T. The Edible Red Alga Egonori ( Campylaephora hypnaeoides J. Agardh) Alleviates Postprandial Blood Glucose Level and High Glucose-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.67.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Murakami
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Koichi Kimura
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Azusa Kawasaki
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Ayuko Ono
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Toshiki Mizutani
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Chihiro Hirazawa
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Tomomi Yada
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | | | - Takashi Ito
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
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Sun T, Liang H, Xue M, Liu Y, Gong A, Jiang Y, Qin Y, Yang J, Meng D. Protective effect and mechanism of fucoidan on intestinal mucosal barrier function in NOD mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1789071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Public Health, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meilan Xue
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anjing Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushan Jiang
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Public Health, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Yang
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danyang Meng
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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54
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Shang Q. Revisit the effects of fucoidan on gut microbiota in health and disease: What do we know and what do we need to know? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2020.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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55
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Lai YH, Chiang CS, Hsu CH, Cheng HW, Chen SY. Development and Characterization of a Fucoidan-Based Drug Delivery System by Using Hydrophilic Anticancer Polysaccharides to Simultaneously Deliver Hydrophobic Anticancer Drugs. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E970. [PMID: 32605162 PMCID: PMC7408464 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan, a natural sulfated polysaccharide, which can activate the immune response and lessen adverse effects, is expected to be an adjuvant agent in combination with chemotherapy. Using natural hydrophilic anticancer polysaccharides to simultaneously encapsulate hydrophobic anticancer drugs is feasible, and a reduced side effect can be achieved to amplify the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, a novel type of fucoidan-PLGA nanocarrier (FPN-DTX) was developed for the encapsulation of the hydrophobic anticancer drug, docetaxel (DTX), as a drug delivery system. From the comparison between FPN-DTX and the PLGA particles without fucoidan (PLGA-DTX), FPNs-DTX with fucoidan were highly stable with smaller sizes and dispersed well without aggregations in an aqueous environment. The drug loading and release can be further modified by modulating relative ratios of Fucoidan (Fu) to PLGA. The (FPN 3-DTX) nanoparticles with a 10:3 ratio of Fu:PLGA displayed uniform particle size with higher encapsulation efficiency than PLGA NPs and sustained drug release ability. The biocompatible fucoidan-PLGA nanoparticles displayed low cytotoxicity without drug loading after incubation with MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Despite lower cellular uptake than that of PLGA-DTX due to a higher degree of negative zeta potential and hydrophilicity, FPN 3-DTX effectively exerted better anticancer ability, so FPN 3-DTX can serve as a competent drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ho Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Chih-Sheng Chiang
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40454, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Hao Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.); (H.-W.C.)
- Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40454, Taiwan
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Anti-Influenza A Virus Activity of Rhamnan Sulfate from Green Algae Monostroma nitidum in Mice with Normal and Compromised Immunity. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050254. [PMID: 32414158 PMCID: PMC7281209 DOI: 10.3390/md18050254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause a significant public health burden each year despite the availability of anti-influenza drugs and vaccines. Therefore, new anti-influenza virus agents are needed. Rhamnan sulfate (RS) is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from the green alga Monostroma nitidum. Here, we aimed to demonstrate the antiviral activity of RS, especially against influenza A virus (IFV) infection, in vitro and in vivo. RS showed inhibitory effects on viral proliferation of enveloped viruses in vitro. Evaluation of the anti-IFV activity of RS in vitro showed that it inhibited both virus adsorption and entry steps. The oral administration of RS in IFV-infected immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice suppressed viral proliferation in both mouse types. The oral administration of RS also had stimulatory effects on neutralizing antibody production. Fluorescent analysis showed that RS colocalized with M cells in Peyer’s patches, suggesting that RS bound to the M cells and may be incorporated into the Peyer’s patches, which are essential to intestinal immunity. In summary, RS inhibits influenza virus infection and promotes antibody production, suggesting that RS is a potential candidate for the treatment of influenza virus infections.
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Lin Y, Qi X, Liu H, Xue K, Xu S, Tian Z. The anti-cancer effects of fucoidan: a review of both in vivo and in vitro investigations. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:154. [PMID: 32410882 PMCID: PMC7206694 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a kind of the polysaccharide, which comes from brown algae and comprises of sulfated fucose residues. It has shown a large range of biological activities in basic researches, including many elements like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-oxidation, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-angiogenic and anti-Helicobacter pylori, etc. Cancer is a multifactorial disease of multiple causes. Most of the current chemotherapy drugs for cancer therapy are projected to eliminate the ordinary deregulation mechanisms in cancer cells. Plenty of wholesome tissues, however, are also influenced by these chemical cytotoxic effects. Existing researches have demonstrated that fucoidan can directly exert the anti-cancer actions through cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, etc., and can also indirectly kill cancer cells by activating natural killer cells, macrophages, etc. Fucoidan is used as a new anti-tumor drug or as an adjuvant in combination with an anti-tumor drug because of its high biological activity, wide source, low resistance to drug resistance and low side effects. This paper reviews the mechanism by which fucoidan can eliminate tumor cells, delay tumor growth and synergize with anticancer chemotherapy drugs in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan Disrtict, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingsi Qi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan Disrtict, Qingdao, China
| | - Hengjian Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan Disrtict, Qingdao, China
| | - Kuijin Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan Disrtict, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan Disrtict, Qingdao, China
| | - Zibin Tian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan Disrtict, Qingdao, China
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58
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Dimitrova-Shumkovska J, Krstanoski L, Veenman L. Potential Beneficial Actions of Fucoidan in Brain and Liver Injury, Disease, and Intoxication-Potential Implication of Sirtuins. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E242. [PMID: 32380741 PMCID: PMC7281157 DOI: 10.3390/md18050242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased interest in natural antioxidants has brought to light the fucoidans (sulfated polysaccharides present in brown marine algae) as highly valued nutrients as well as effective and safe therapeutics against several diseases. Based on their satisfactory in vitro antioxidant potency, researchers have identified this molecule as an efficient remedy for neuropathological as well as metabolic disorders. Some of this therapeutic activity is accomplished by upregulation of cytoprotective molecular pathways capable of restoring the enzymatic antioxidant activity and normal mitochondrial functions. Sirtuin-3 has been discovered as a key player for achieving the neuroprotective role of fucoidan by managing these pathways, whose ultimate goal is retrieving the entirety of the antioxidant response and preventing apoptosis of neurons, thereby averting neurodegeneration and brain injuries. Another pathway whereby fucoidan exerts neuroprotective capabilities is by interactions with P-selectin on endothelial cells, thereby preventing macrophages from entering the brain proper. Furthermore, beneficial influences of fucoidan have been established in hepatocytes after xenobiotic induced liver injury by decreasing transaminase leakage and autophagy as well as obtaining optimal levels of intracellular fiber, which ultimately prevents fibrosis. The hepatoprotective role of this marine polysaccharide also includes a sirtuin, namely sirtuin-1 overexpression, which alleviates obesity and insulin resistance through suppression of hyperglycemia, reducing inflammation and stimulation of enzymatic antioxidant response. While fucoidan is very effective in animal models for brain injury and neuronal degeneration, in general, it is accepted that fucoidan shows somewhat limited potency in liver. Thus far, it has been used in large doses for treatment of acute liver injuries. Thus, it appears that further optimization of fucoidan derivatives may establish enhanced versatility for treatments of various disorders, in addition to brain injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Dimitrova-Shumkovska
- Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Arhimedova 6, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia;
| | - Ljupcho Krstanoski
- Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Arhimedova 6, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia;
| | - Leo Veenman
- Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Institute of Medical Research, 1 Efron Street, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Xiang Q, Zhang W, Li Q, Zhao J, Feng W, Zhao T, Mao G, Chen Y, Wu X, Yang L, Chen G. Investigation of the uptake and transport of polysaccharide from Se-enriched Grifola frondosa in Caco-2 cells model. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:S0141-8130(20)33021-X. [PMID: 32339585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A variety of beneficial pharmacological activities have been reported for Se-enriched Grifola frondosa polysaccharides. However, little has been reported on its absorption, and its intestinal uptake and transport profiles remain unknown. Based on our previous research, the aim of this study was to investigate its absorption from two aspects - the polysaccharides and selenium of Se-enriched Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (Se-GFP-22) across Caco-2 cells in vitro. The Caco-2 cells monolayer culture model was successfully constructed to study the transport and uptake of Se-GFP-22. The results revealed that the uptake and transport of Se-GFP-22 were time- and concentration- dependent. Transport studies illustrated that Se-GFP-22 could penetrate Caco-2 cells, mainly mediated through the same routes as endocytosis and selenium in the organic selenium (Se-GFP-22) was more easily absorbed than that in the inorganic selenium control group (sodium selenite). The uptake of Se-GFP-22 may be a macropinocytosis pathway, which was an accumulation from cytoplasm to nucleus process. Se-GFP-22 was a moderately absorbed biological macromolecule testified by the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) value and transport rates. This work illustrates the characteristics on uptake and transport of Se-GFP-22 and all these results may help to explore the mechanism of polysaccharide absorption in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Huayangxi Rd. 196, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Guangying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Longkun Rd. 99, Hainan 570100, China.
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Radioprotective effect of self-assembled low molecular weight Fucoidan-Chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119161. [PMID: 32081800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide, plays a vital role in reducing cellular oxidative damage by exerting potential antioxidant activity. However, because of the negative surface charges of oligofucoidan, it shows poor oral intestinal absorption. To overcome this drawback, the oligofucoidan polysaccharides self-assembled with opposite charge based polysaccharides (chitosan) to form the chitosan-fucoidan polysaccharides (C1-F3P) nanoparticles (NPs) of 190-230 nm in size. The oligofucoidan and C1-F3P NPs were studied for their radioprotective property using mice exposed to 5 Gy radiation. The C1-F3P NPs prevents radiation induced lipid peroxidation and restores intestinal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (p < 0.05) status. In addition, hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed the radioprotective effect of oligofucoidan and C1-F3P NPs by mitigating the loss of crypt and villi in the small intestine. Thus, the present study demonstrated that C1-F3P NPs can be considered as a radioprotective agent that can be used for the prevention and treatment of Gy-radiation-induced intestine injury.
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Torres M, Flórez-Fernández N, Simón-Vázquez R, Giménez-Abián J, Díaz J, González-Fernández Á, Domínguez H. Fucoidans: The importance of processing on their anti-tumoral properties. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Imbs TI, Zvyagintseva TN, Ermakova SP. Is the transformation of fucoidans in human body possible? Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:778-781. [PMID: 31622701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are a group of homo-and hetero-polysaccharides, which necessarily contains residues of sulfated α-L-fucose. Fucoidans are found only in brown algae. These polysaccharides exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity and have a great therapeutic potential. Enzymes capable of catalyzing the degradation of fucoidans are absent in the mammalian enzyme system. The question arises: is the transformation of fucoidan in mammals, particularly in human possible? Studies in vivo (in situ) and in vitro have demonstrated that high molecular weight fucoidans are absorbed across rat intestinal epithelial cells, accumulated by liver macrophages, and characterized by low levels in blood and urine. Using the example of the Okinawa Prefecture (Japan) residents, it was shown that Cladosiphon okamuranus alga is digested and the fucoidan contained in this alga is absorbed in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Imbs
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostoku 690022, Russia.
| | - T N Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostoku 690022, Russia.
| | - S P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let, Vladivostoku 690022, Russia.
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63
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Tomori M, Nagamine T, Miyamoto T, Iha M. Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Fucoidan Derived from Cladosiphon Okamuranus Tokida in Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E547. [PMID: 31554251 PMCID: PMC6835671 DOI: 10.3390/md17100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Okinawa mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida) is an edible seaweed classified as brown algae and is a native species of the Ryukyu Islands in Japan. In recent years, the genomic decoding of Okinawa mozuku has been completed. Previous studies on the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor properties of Okinawa mozuku have suggested that it affects the regulation of cellular and humoral immunity. The aim of the present study was to examine the immunoregulatory effect of fucoidan derived from Okinawa mozuku in mice. A product containing fucoidan (purity, 88.3%; molecular weight, 49.8 kDa) was developed from Okinawa mozuku and tested for its immunoregulatory effects in mice. The experimental animals were 8-week-old female BALB/c mice to which fucoidan (0, 102.5, 205.0, 410.0, and 1025.0 mg/kg) was administered orally continuously for six weeks. Immune cell proliferation, cytokine production, macrophage phagocytosis, and serum antibody concentration were measured. We found that immune cell proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2, macrophage phagocytes, and serum antibodies (IgM, -G, -A) increased significantly, but IL-4, -5, and IgE decreased significantly. These results indicated that fucoidan modulated cellular and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tomori
- South Product Co., Ltd., Uruma 904-2234, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takeaki Nagamine
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health Science, Takasaki 370-0036, Japan.
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Luthuli S, Wu S, Cheng Y, Zheng X, Wu M, Tong H. Therapeutic Effects of Fucoidan: A Review on Recent Studies. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090487. [PMID: 31438588 PMCID: PMC6780838 DOI: 10.3390/md17090487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a polysaccharide largely made up of l-fucose and sulfate groups. Fucoidan is favorable worldwide, especially amongst the food and pharmaceutical industry as a consequence of its promising therapeutic effects. Its applaudable biological functions are ascribed to its unique biological structure. Classical bioactivities associated with fucoidan include anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-coagulant, anti-thrombotic, immunoregulatory, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects. More recently, a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out to further highlight its therapeutic potentials. This review focuses on the progress towards understanding fucoidan and its biological activities, which may be beneficial as a future therapy. Hence, we have summarized in vitro and in vivo studies that were done within the current decade. We expect this review and a variety of others can contribute as a theoretical basis for understanding and inspire further product development of fucoidan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibusiso Luthuli
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Siya Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Yang Z, Yin J, Wang Y, Wang J, Xia B, Li T, Yang X, Hu S, Ji C, Guo S. The fucoidan A3 from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum enhances RCT-related genes expression in hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:759-769. [PMID: 31100394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) has been demonstrated to reduce hyperlipidemia, and fucoidans are found to possess hypolipidemic effect. This study was designed to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of the fucoidan from the brown seaweed A. nodosum and whether it improves RCT-related genes expression in C57 BL/6J mice. Our results indicated that fucoidan A3 (100 mg/kg/day) intervention significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (~23.2%), triglyceride (~48.7%) and fat pad index. This fucoidan significantly increased the mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1), liver X receptor (LXR) β, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, and decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, however, it had no effect on the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, PPARα, LXRα, SREBP-2, ABCG1, ABCG8 and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. These results demonstrated that this fucoidan improved lipid transfer from plasma to the liver by activating SR-B1 and LDLR, and up-regulated lipid metabolism by activating LXRβ, ABCA1 and CYP7A1. In conclusion, this fucoidan lowers lipid by enhancing RCT-related genes expression, and it can be explored as a potential candidate for prevention or treatment of lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Shumei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Teruya K, Kusumoto Y, Eto H, Nakamichi N, Shirahata S. Selective Suppression of Cell Growth and Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression in HT1080 Fibrosarcoma Cells by Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan Extract. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E421. [PMID: 31331053 PMCID: PMC6669552 DOI: 10.3390/md17070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight fucoidan extract (LMF), prepared by an abalone glycosidase digestion of a crude fucoidan extracted from Cladosiphon novae-caledoniae Kylin, exhibits various biological activities, including anticancer effect. Various cancers express programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is known to play a significant role in evasion of the host immune surveillance system. PD-L1 is also expressed in many types of normal cells for self-protection. Previous research has revealed that selective inhibition of PD-L1 expressed in cancer cells is critical for successful cancer eradication. In the present study, we analyzed whether LMF could regulate PD-L1 expression in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Our results demonstrated that LMF suppressed PD-L1/PD-L2 expression and the growth of HT1080 cancer cells and had no effect on the growth of normal TIG-1 cells. Thus, LMF differentially regulates PD-L1 expression in normal and cancer cells and could serve as an alternative complementary agent for treatment of cancers with high PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichiro Teruya
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kusumoto
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Eto
- Daiichi Sangyo Co., Ltd., 6-7-2 Nishitenma, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0047, Japan
| | - Noboru Nakamichi
- Daiichi Sangyo Co., Ltd., 6-7-2 Nishitenma, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0047, Japan
| | - Sanetaka Shirahata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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67
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Besednova N, Zaporozhets T, Kuznetsova T, Makarenkova I, Fedyanina L, Kryzhanovsky S, Malyarenko O, Ermakova S. Metabolites of Seaweeds as Potential Agents for the Prevention and Therapy of Influenza Infection. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E373. [PMID: 31234532 PMCID: PMC6627559 DOI: 10.3390/md17060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Seaweed metabolites (fucoidans, carrageenans, ulvans, lectins, and polyphenols) are biologically active compounds that target proteins or genes of the influenza virus and host components that are necessary for replication and reproduction of the virus. OBJECTIVE This review gathers the information available in the literature regarding to the useful properties of seaweeds metabolites as potential agents for the prevention and therapy of influenza infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sources of scientific literature were found in various electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) and library search. The retrospective search depth is 25 years. RESULTS Influenza is a serious medical and social problem for humanity. Recently developed drugs are quite effective against currently circulating influenza virus strains, but their use can lead to the selection of resistant viral strains. In this regard, new therapeutic approaches and drugs with a broad spectrum of activity are needed. Metabolites of seaweeds fulfill these requirements. This review presents the results of in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies about the effectiveness of these compounds in combating influenza infection and explains the necessity of their use as a potential basis for the creation of new drugs with a broad spectrum of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Besednova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, Vladivostok 690087, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Zaporozhets
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, Vladivostok 690087, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, Vladivostok 690087, Russia.
| | - Ilona Makarenkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, Vladivostok 690087, Russia.
| | - Lydmila Fedyanina
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., Vladivostok 690922, Russia.
| | - Sergey Kryzhanovsky
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., Vladivostok 690922, Russia.
| | - Olesya Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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68
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Hsu HY, Hwang PA. Clinical applications of fucoidan in translational medicine for adjuvant cancer therapy. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:15. [PMID: 31041568 PMCID: PMC6491526 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of fucoidan, a kind of sulfated polysaccharide mainly derived from brown seaweed, includes a substantial percentage of l-fucose. Fucoidan has various biological and pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer/anti-tumor, anti-proliferation, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory functions, and fucoidan-related dietary supplements and nutraceuticals have recently drawn considerable attention. In this review, we aim to provide a current view of different aspects of fucoidan biological activity, with a focus on the anti-cancer regulatory effects of fucoidan on growth signaling mechanisms. First, we discuss historical aspects of fucoidan and fucoidan products, as well as the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan on various cancer cells. Second, we discuss fucoidan’s biological activities and induction of cell death in cancer cells, including multiple mechanisms and signal transduction pathways related to its anti-cancer effects. Next, we focus on fucoidan and fucoidan-derived products that have been marketed as dietary supplements or nutraceuticals for cancer, including anti-cancer effects of fucoidan when combined as an adjuvant with clinical drugs. Finally, case studies of fucoidan in complementary therapy and as an alternative medicine in animal and mouse models and human clinical trials to alleviate side effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy are discussed. Combining fucoidan with clinical therapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer patients, dissecting the related signal transduction pathways and investigating their dynamic interactions may reveal potential molecular targets in cancer prevention, therapies and key obstacles in the current development of anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yeh Hsu
- Institute of Taiwan Fucoidan Development, 1F, No. 123-1, Sec. 4, Bade Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei, 105, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong Street, Shih-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pai-An Hwang
- Institute of Taiwan Fucoidan Development, 1F, No. 123-1, Sec. 4, Bade Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei, 105, Taiwan.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
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69
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Abstract
Recent interest in seaweeds as a source of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive components has highlighted prospective applications within the functional food and nutraceutical industries, with impetus toward the alleviation of risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This narrative review summarizes the nutritional composition of edible seaweeds; evaluates the evidence regarding the health benefits of whole seaweeds, extracted bioactive components, and seaweed-based food products in humans; and assesses the potential adverse effects of edible seaweeds, including those related to ingestion of excess iodine and arsenic. If the potential functional food and nutraceutical applications of seaweeds are to be realized, more evidence from human intervention studies is needed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of seaweeds and the efficacy of their purported bioactive components. Mechanistic evidence, in particular, is imperative to substantiate health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pamela J Magee
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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70
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Sim SY, Shin YE, Kim HK. Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida has anti-diabetic effects by stimulation of glucose uptake and reduction of basal lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 2019; 65:54-62. [PMID: 30952503 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweeds, has been shown to reduce blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in mice. We investigated the effects of fucoidan on lipid accumulation, lipolysis, and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells to test the hypothesis that fucoidan exerts an anti-diabetic function by acting directly on adipocytes. The 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida. Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay were used to determine lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Fucoidan was shown to reduce lipid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in a dose-dependent manner (P < .01). The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a major transcription factor associated with adipocyte differentiation, was also suppressed upon treatment with fucoidan. Treatment with fucoidan stimulated glucose uptake in normal adipocytes and restored insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in obesity-induced insulin resistant adipocytes, which were made by incubating hypertrophied 3T3-L1 cells with the conditioned media of RAW 264.7 macrophages (RAW-CM) (P < .01). In the presence of RAW-CM, fucoidan enhanced epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis but reduced basal lipolysis, as determined by non-esterified fatty acid into the culture medium (P < .001). These results suggest that fucoidan may have anti-diabetic effects by improving insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and inhibiting basal lipolysis in adipocytes without inducing adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yi Sim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye-Eun Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
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71
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Effect of the sulfation pattern of sea cucumber-derived fucoidan oligosaccharides on modulating metabolic syndromes and gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by HFD in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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72
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van Weelden G, Bobiński M, Okła K, van Weelden WJ, Romano A, Pijnenborg JMA. Fucoidan Structure and Activity in Relation to Anti-Cancer Mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E32. [PMID: 30621045 PMCID: PMC6356449 DOI: 10.3390/md17010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a natural derived compound found in different species of brown algae and in some animals, that has gained attention for its anticancer properties. However, the exact mechanism of action is currently unknown. Therefore, this review will address fucoidans structure, the bioavailability, and all known different pathways affected by fucoidan, in order to formulate fucoidans structure and activity in relation to its anti-cancer mechanisms. The general bioactivity of fucoidan is difficult to establish due to factors like species-related structural diversity, growth conditions, and the extraction method. The main pathways influenced by fucoidan are the PI3K/AKT, the MAPK pathway, and the caspase pathway. PTEN seems to be important in the fucoidan-mediated effect on the AKT pathway. Furthermore, the interaction with VEGF, BMP, TGF-β, and estrogen receptors are discussed. Also, fucoidan as an adjunct seems to have beneficial effects, for both the enhanced effectiveness of chemotherapy and reduced toxicity in healthy cells. In conclusion, the multipotent character of fucoidan is promising in future anti-cancer treatment. However, there is a need for more specified studies of the structure⁻activity relationship of fucoidan from the most promising seaweed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert van Weelden
- Faculty of Science, (Medical) Biology, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marcin Bobiński
- The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Okła
- The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Willem Jan van Weelden
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna M A Pijnenborg
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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73
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Kuznetsova TA, Persiyanova EV, Ermakova SP, Khotimchenko MY, Besednova NN. The Sulfated Polysaccharides of Brown Algae and Products of Their Enzymatic Transformation as Potential Vaccine Adjuvants. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to critical analysis of literature data, deal with effects and mechanisms of action of sulfated polysaccharides (PSs) – fucoidans from brown algae and products of their enzymatic transformation as potential adjuvants for enhancement of anti-infective and antitumor immune response. Numerous experimental data indicate that sulfated PSs demonstrate properties of vaccine adjuvants. Application perspectiveness of fucoidans as vaccine adjuvants is defined by their high biocompatibility, low-toxicity, safety and good tolerance by macroorganism, and also mechanisms of their immunomodulatory action. In particular, fucoidans are agonists of receptors of innate immunity and strong inducers of cellular and humoral immune response. At presenting the data of structural - functional interrelations, attention focused to the defining role of degree of sulfation, uronic acids and polyphenols contents, and also molecular mass in actions of fucoidans to innate and adaptive immunity cells. Insufficiency of literary data on studying of correlation of structure – physicochemical characteristics with adjuvanticities of the sulfated PSs, and also the problem of standardization of their active fractions are noted. Special attention is paid to the analysis of immunomodulatory and adjuvant activity of fucoidan oligosaccharides. Presented here results of experimental trial indicate that, despite the difficulties due to preparation of highly purified structurally characterized fractions and complex structure of fucoidans, these substances can be used as safe and effective adjuvants in vaccines against various pathogens including viruses, and also in antitumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology», Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Persiyanova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology», Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Yu. Khotimchenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya N. Besednova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology», Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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74
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Kadena K, Tomori M, Iha M, Nagamine T. Absorption Study of Mozuku Fucoidan in Japanese Volunteers. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16080254. [PMID: 30061499 PMCID: PMC6117716 DOI: 10.3390/md16080254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed an oral administration study of fucoidan in 396 Japanese volunteers and investigated significant factors concerning the absorption of fucoidan. Urine samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, and 9 h after ingestion of 3 g of fucoidan. Fucoidan was detected in urine after ingestion in 385 out of 396 subjects. The maximum value (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) of urinary fucoidan was 332.3 ± 357.6 μg/gCr in subjects living in Okinawa prefecture, compared with 240.1 ± 302.4 μg/gCr in subjects living outside Okinawa. Compared with the estimated urinary excretion of fucoidan by place of residence, those of subjects living in Okinawa prefecture were significantly higher than those living outside Okinawa prefecture (p < 0.01). In addition, subjects living in Okinawa prefecture consumed significantly greater amounts of mozuku compared with those living outside Okinawa prefecture (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that having Okinawa prefecture as a place of residence was a significant factor (p < 0.01) contributing to the estimated urinary excretion of fucoidan. Because the habit of eating mozuku was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in subjects living in Okinawa prefecture than in those living outside Okinawa prefecture, the habit of eating mozuku was speculated to be a factor in the absorption of fucoidan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizuku Kadena
- South Product Co., LTD., Uruma, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan.
| | - Makoto Tomori
- South Product Co., LTD., Uruma, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Iha
- South Product Co., LTD., Uruma, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan.
| | - Takeaki Nagamine
- Graduate School of Health Science, Gunma University, Honorary Professor of Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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75
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Zhang E, Chu F, Xu L, Liang H, Song S, Ji A. Use of fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I to study the mechanism of intestinal absorption of fucoidan sulfate in vivo
and in vitro. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 39:298-307. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Zhang
- Marine College; Shandong University; Weihai China
- Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre; Shandong University; Weihai China
| | - Fulong Chu
- Marine College; Shandong University; Weihai China
- Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre; Shandong University; Weihai China
- Food and Drug Administration of Beijing Haidian District; Beijing China
| | - Lixu Xu
- Marine College; Shandong University; Weihai China
- Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre; Shandong University; Weihai China
| | - Hao Liang
- Marine College; Shandong University; Weihai China
- Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre; Shandong University; Weihai China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College; Shandong University; Weihai China
- Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre; Shandong University; Weihai China
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College; Shandong University; Weihai China
- Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Centre; Shandong University; Weihai China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan China
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76
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Pozharitskaya ON, Shikov AN, Faustova NM, Obluchinskaya ED, Kosman VM, Vuorela H, Makarov VG. Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution of Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus after Oral Administration to Rats. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E132. [PMID: 29669995 PMCID: PMC5923419 DOI: 10.3390/md16040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucus vesiculosus L., known as bladderwrack, belongs to the brown seaweeds, which are widely distributed throughout northern Russia, Atlantic shores of Europe, the Baltic Sea, Greenland, the Azores, the Canary Islands, and shores of the Pacific Ocean. Fucoidan is a major fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide found in Fucus (F.) vesiculosus. The pharmacokinetic profiling of active compounds is essential for drug development and approval. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of fucoidan in rats after a single-dose oral administration. Fucoidan was isolated from F. vesiculosus. The method of measuring anti-activated factor X (anti-Xa) activity by amidolytic assay was used to analyze the plasma and tissue concentrations of fucoidan. The tissue distribution of fucoidan after intragastric administration to the rats was characterized, and it exhibited considerable heterogeneity. Fucoidan preferentially accumulates in the kidneys (AUC0–t = 10.74 µg·h/g; Cmax = 1.23 µg/g after 5 h), spleen (AUC0–t = 6.89 µg·h/g; Cmax = 0.78 µg/g after 3 h), and liver (AUC0–t = 3.26 µg·h/g; Cmax = 0.53 µg/g after 2 h) and shows a relatively long absorption time and extended circulation in the blood, with a mean residence time (MRT) = 6.79 h. The outcome of this study provides additional scientific data for traditional use of fucoidan-containing plants and offers tangible support for the continued development of new effective pharmaceuticals using fucoidan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Pozharitskaya
- Saint-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Shikov
- Saint-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Natalya M Faustova
- RMC "House of Pharmacy", Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Zavodskaya str., 3, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina D Obluchinskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI KSC RAS), Vladimirskaya, 17, 183010 Murmansk, Russia.
| | - Vera M Kosman
- Saint-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Heikki Vuorela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Valery G Makarov
- Saint-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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Tocaciu S, Oliver LJ, Lowenthal RM, Peterson GM, Patel R, Shastri M, McGuinness G, Olesen I, Fitton JH. The Effect of Undaria pinnatifida Fucoidan on the Pharmacokinetics of Letrozole and Tamoxifen in Patients With Breast Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:99-105. [PMID: 28008779 PMCID: PMC5950942 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416684014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the use of complementary and alternative medicines is widespread in cancer patients, clinical evidence of their benefits is sparse. Furthermore, while they are often assumed to be safe with regard to concurrent use of anticancer therapies, few studies have been carried out to investigate possible interactions. Fucoidans are a group of sulfated carbohydrates, derived from marine brown algae, which have long been used as dietary supplements due to their reported medicinal properties, including anticancer activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of co-administration of fucoidan, derived from Undaria pinnatifida, on the pharmacokinetics of 2 commonly used hormonal therapies, letrozole and tamoxifen, in patients with breast cancer. METHODS This was an open label non-crossover study in patients with active malignancy taking letrozole or tamoxifen (n = 10 for each group). Patients took oral fucoidan, given in the form of Maritech extract, for a 3-week period (500 mg twice daily). Trough plasma concentrations of letrozole, tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and endoxifen were measured using HPLC-CAD (high-performance liquid chromatography charged aerosol detector), at baseline and after concomitant administration with fucoidan. RESULTS No significant changes in steady-state plasma concentrations of letrozole, tamoxifen, or tamoxifen metabolites were detected after co-administration with fucoidan. In addition, no adverse effects of fucoidan were reported, and toxicity monitoring showed no significant differences in all parameters measured over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Administration of Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan had no significant effect on the steady-state trough concentrations of letrozole or tamoxifen and was well tolerated. These results suggest that fucoidan in the studied form and dosage could be taken concomitantly with letrozole and tamoxifen without the risk of clinically significant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Patel
- University of Tasmania, Hobart,
Tasmania, Australia
| | | | | | - Inger Olesen
- Andrew Love Cancer Centre, Barwon
Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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78
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da Silva LCRP, Todaro V, do Carmo FA, Frattani FS, de Sousa VP, Rodrigues CR, Sathler PC, Cabral LM. A promising oral fucoidan-based antithrombotic nanosystem: Development, activity and safety. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:165102. [PMID: 29424698 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaae5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidan-loaded nanoparticles emerge as great candidates to oral anticoagulant therapy, due to increasing of bioavailability and circulation time of this natural anticoagulant. Crosslink between chitosan chains are performed using glutaraldehyde to confer higher gastric pH resistance to nanoparticle matrices. In this work, chitosan-fucoidan nanoparticles, without (NpCF) and with glutaraldehyde crosslink (NpCF 1% and NpCF 2%), were prepared to evaluate their anticoagulant, antithrombotic and hemorrhagic profile. Nanoparticles were characterized by average diameter, polydispersity index, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fucoidan in vitro release. Anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities were determined by in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. Hemorrhagic profile was in vivo evaluated by tail bleeding assay. Preparations showed nanometric and homogeneous average diameters. Zeta potentials of NpCF and NpCF 1% were stable over gastrointestinal pH range, which was confirmed by low fucoidan release in gastric and enteric media. In pH 7.4, NpCF and NpCF 1% demonstrated fucoidan release of 65.5% and 60.6%, respectively, within the first 24 hours. In comparison to fucoidan, NpCF and NpCF 1% showed increased in vitro anticoagulant activity. A significant difference on oral antithrombotic profile of NpCF 1% was found in comparison to fucoidan. Bleeding profile of NpCF and NpCF 1% showed no differences to control group, indicating the safety of these systems. Surprisingly, oral antithrombotic profile of commercially available fucoidan, from Fucus vesiculosus, has not been previously determined, which reveals new possibilities. In this work, significant advances were observed in anticoagulant and antithrombotic profiles of fucoidan through the preparation of NpCF 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerio Todaro
- Trinity College Dublin School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin, IRELAND
| | | | - Flavia Serra Frattani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JAneiro, RJ, BRAZIL
| | | | | | - Plínio Cunha Sathler
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JAneiro, RJ, BRAZIL
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JAneiro, RJ, BRAZIL
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79
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Shi H, Chang Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Chen X, Wang Y, Xue C, Tang Q. Dietary fucoidan of Acaudina molpadioides alters gut microbiota and mitigates intestinal mucosal injury induced by cyclophosphamide. Food Funct 2018; 8:3383-3393. [PMID: 28861559 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00932a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (cy) is a widely used cancer drug. Many researchers have focused on the prevention and alleviation of its side effects, particularly damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. In this study, we examined the effects of fucoidan, isolated from Acaudina molpadioides, on mice with intestinal mucosal damage induced by cyclophosphamide. Our results showed that fucoidan intervention could relieve injury such as decreasing inflammation and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins, and 50 kDa fucoidan significantly increased the abundance of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producer Coprococcus, Rikenella, and Butyricicoccus (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.05, respectively) species within the intestinal mucosa compared with the cyclophosphamide group, as determined by 16S rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing. In addition, SCFAs, particularly propionate, butyrate, and total SCFAs, were increased in the feces, and SCFA receptors were upregulated in the small intestine. The protective effects of fucoidan on cyclophosphamide treatment may be associated with gut microflora, and 50 kDa fucoidan had superior effects. Therefore, fucoidan may have applications as an effective supplement to protect against intestinal mucosal barrier damage during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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80
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Wang K, Cheng F, Pan X, Zhou T, Liu X, Zheng Z, Luo L, Zhang Y. Investigation of the transport and absorption of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide through gastrointestinal tract both in vitro and in vivo. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1360-1371. [PMID: 28920748 PMCID: PMC8240978 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1375576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the absorption and delivery of ASP in gastrointestinal (GI) tract, cASP was successfully synthesized by chemically modifying with succinic anhydride and then conjugating with a near infrared fluorescent dye Cy5.5. Then, the capacity of oral absorption of cASP was evaluated. The results demonstrated that cASP had low toxicity and no disruption on the integrity of cell membrane. The endocytosis of cASP into the epithelial cells was time- and energy-dependent, which was mediated by macropinocytosis pathway and clathrin- and caveolae (or lipid raft)-related routes. Otherwise, the actin filaments played a relatively weak role at the same time. The transport study illustrated that cASP could penetrate through the epithelial monolayer and mainly mediated by the same routes as that in the endocytosis experiment. Moreover, both in vitro Ussing chamber and in vivo ligated intestinal loops models indicated that cASP could be diffused through the mucus barriers and be absorbed in the whole small intestine. Finally, near-infrared fluorescence imaging presented that cASP could be absorbed and circulated into the blood, then distributed into various organs after oral administration. In conclusion, ASP could be absorbed after oral administration through endocytosis process mainly mediated by macropinocytosis pathway and clathrin- and caveolae (or lipid raft)-related routes, then be absorbed and circulated into blood. This study presents a comprehensive understanding of oral delivery of cASP, which will provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of ASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglin Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiqiu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziming Zheng
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Luo
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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81
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Shang Q, Jiang H, Cai C, Hao J, Li G, Yu G. Gut microbiota fermentation of marine polysaccharides and its effects on intestinal ecology: An overview. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:173-185. [PMID: 29111040 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota that resides in the mammalian intestine plays a critical role in host health, nutrition, metabolic and immune homeostasis. As symbiotic bacteria, these microorganisms depend mostly on non-digestible fibers and polysaccharides as energy sources. Dietary polysaccharides that reach the distal gut are fermented by gut microbiota and thus exert a fundamental impact on intestinal ecology. Marine polysaccharides contain a class of dietary fibers that are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries (e.g., agar and carrageenan). In this regard, insights into fermentation of marine polysaccharides and its effects on intestinal ecology are of vital importance for understanding the beneficial effects of these glycans. Here, in this review, to provide an overlook of current advances and facilitate future studies in this field, we describe and summarize up-to-date findings on how marine polysaccharides are metabolized by gut microbiota and what effects these polysaccharides have on intestinal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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82
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Wei CY, Liao NB, Zhang Y, Ye XQ, Li S, Hu YQ, Liu DH, Linhardt RJ, Wang X, Chen SG. In vitro fermentation behaviors of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Pearsonothuria graeffei by human gut microflora. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:1195-1201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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83
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Li S, Li J, Zhi Z, Hu Y, Ge J, Ye X, Tian D, Linhardt RJ, Chen S. 4-O-Sulfation in sea cucumber fucodians contribute to reversing dyslipidiaemia caused by HFD. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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84
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Shang Q, Song G, Zhang M, Shi J, Xu C, Hao J, Li G, Yu G. Dietary fucoidan improves metabolic syndrome in association with increased Akkermansia population in the gut microbiota of high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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85
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Srimanee A, Regberg J, Hällbrink M, Vajragupta O, Langel Ü. Role of scavenger receptors in peptide-based delivery of plasmid DNA across a blood-brain barrier model. Int J Pharm 2016; 500:128-35. [PMID: 26773601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated transcytosis remains a major route for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). PepFect 32 (PF32), a peptide-based vector modified with targeting ligand (Angiopep-2) binding to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), was previously found to be a promising vector for plasmid delivery across an in vitro model of the BBB. Cellular uptake of PF32/plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes was speculated the internalization via LRP-1 receptor. In this study, we prove that PF32/pDNA nanocomplexes are not only transported into brain endothelial cells via LRP-1 receptor-mediated endocytosis, but also via scavenger receptor class A and B (SCARA3, SCARA5, and SR-BI)-mediated endocytosis. SCARA3, SCARA5, and SR-BI are found to be expressed in the brain endothelial cells. Inhibition of these receptors leads to a reduction of the transfection. In conclusion, this study shows that scavenger receptors also play an essential role in the cellular uptake of the PF32/pDNA nanocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artita Srimanee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Rd., 10400 Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jakob Regberg
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hällbrink
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Excellent Center for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Rd., 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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86
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Shang Q, Shan X, Cai C, Hao J, Li G, Yu G. Dietary fucoidan modulates the gut microbiota in mice by increasing the abundance ofLactobacillusandRuminococcaceae. Food Funct 2016; 7:3224-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00309e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a new insight into the well-recognized beneficial effects of dietary fucoidan by demonstrating its positive modulations on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Xindi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
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87
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Wang J, Hu S, Jiang W, Song W, Cai L, Wang J. Fucoidan from sea cucumber may improve hepatic inflammatory response and insulin resistance in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 31:15-23. [PMID: 26690975 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition excess-induced inflammation positively contributed to insulin resistance. Fucoidan from sea cucumber can increase glucose translocation in skeletal muscle. However, its effects on inflammation-associated insulin resistance are not understood. We investigated fucoidan from Isostichopus badionotus (Ib-FUC)-alleviated inflammatory response and signaling as well as -improved insulin resistance in the liver of obesity mice. The results showed that Ib-FUC reduced body weight and glucose levels, increased insulin sensitivity, and inhibited serum lipid concentrations. Meanwhile, Hepatic glycogen synthesis was promoted by Ib-FUC via activation of the PI3K/PKB/GSK-3β signaling and regulation of glucose metabolism-related enzymatic activities. Ib-FUC regulated serum inflammatory cytokines and their mRNA expression in the liver. Ib-FUC-induced inactivation of the JNK and IKKβ/NFκB pathways was involved in the activation of insulin signal cascade and inflammatory factor production. These findings suggested that Ib-FUC supplementary-induced alleviation of inflammatory response could be a mechanism responsible for its beneficial effects against hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Shiwei Hu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Wendong Song
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
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88
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Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Karpiniec SS. Therapies from Fucoidan: An Update. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5920-46. [PMID: 26389927 PMCID: PMC4584361 DOI: 10.3390/md13095920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are a class of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides found in brown marine algae and echinoderms. Fucoidans have an attractive array of bioactivities and potential applications including immune modulation, cancer inhibition, and pathogen inhibition. Research into fucoidan has continued to gain pace over the last few years and point towards potential therapeutic or adjunct roles. The source, extraction, characterization and detection of fucoidan is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Helen Fitton
- Marinova Pty Ltd., 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge, Tasmania 7170, Australia.
| | - Damien N Stringer
- Marinova Pty Ltd., 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge, Tasmania 7170, Australia.
| | - Samuel S Karpiniec
- Marinova Pty Ltd., 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge, Tasmania 7170, Australia.
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89
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Nagamine T, Hayakawa K, Nakazato K, Iha M. Determination of the active transport of fucoidan derived from Okinawa Mozuku across the human intestinal Caco-2 cells as assessed by size-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 997:187-93. [PMID: 26118620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to clarify the mechanism of fucoidan transport, we developed the chromatographic determination method. METHOD A size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method for the determination of Okinawa-fucoidan using Develosil 300 Diol-5 (60×8.0mm I.D., 30nm pore-diameter) with the eluent containing 1% non-ionic detergent is developed. Determination range (UV at 210nm) is from 0 to 100ng of fucoidan with the linear calibration line inserting to zero. RESULTS A transport activity of fucoidan is demonstrated by using Caco-2 cells (model of gut transport system); i.e., the initial transport velocity 12nmol/h/mg of protein (25-fold slower rate as compared to a bacterial l-alanine active-transport activity 300nmol/h/mg of protein) is found to occur. Since this fucoidan transport is inhibited by 10mM sodium azide (respiration inhibitor) and 0.05mM FCCP (uncoupler), this transport by Caco-2 cells is found to be an active one requiring energy-source. On the other hand, colchicine (inhibitor of phagocytosis/pinocytosis) and mannitol (putative competitive-inhibitor of tight-junction transport) cannot inhibit the fucoidan transport at all. CONCLUSION We firstly report that the active transport occurs for such a high molecular-weight sulphated-polyfucose of fucoidan in vitro using Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeaki Nagamine
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
| | - Kou Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
| | - Kyoumi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iha
- South Product Co., Ltd., 12-75 Suzaki, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan
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90
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Mourão PAS. Perspective on the use of sulfated polysaccharides from marine organisms as a source of new antithrombotic drugs. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2770-84. [PMID: 25955754 PMCID: PMC4446605 DOI: 10.3390/md13052770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolic diseases are increasing worldwide and always require anticoagulant therapy. We still need safer and more secure antithrombotic drugs than those presently available. Sulfated polysaccharides from marine organisms may constitute a new source for the development of such drugs. Investigation of these compounds usually attempts to reproduce the therapeutic effects of heparin. However, we may need to follow different routes, focusing particularly in the following aspects: (1) defining precisely the specific structures required for interaction of these sulfated polysaccharides with proteins of the coagulation system; (2) looking for alternative mechanisms of action, distinct from those of heparin; (3) identifying side effects (mostly pro-coagulant action and hypotension rather than bleeding) and preparing derivatives that retain the desired antithrombotic action but are devoid of side effects; (4) considering that sulfated polysaccharides with low anticoagulant action on in vitro assays may display potent effects on animal models of experimental thrombosis; and finally (5) investigating the antithrombotic effect of these sulfated polysaccharides after oral administration or preparing derivatives that may achieve this effect. If these aspects are successfully addressed, sulfated polysaccharides from marine organisms may conquer the frontier of antithrombotic therapy and open new avenues for treatment or prevention of thromboembolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A S Mourão
- Connective Tissue Research Laboratory, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil.
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68041, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil .
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91
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Quantitative determination of fucoidan using polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 877:1-8. [PMID: 26002205 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of polyanion and polycation-sensitive membrane electrodes to detect five different preparations of fucoidan is described. Unlike linear polyanionic molecules previously measured with polymer membrane-based electrochemical sensors, fucoidans from marine brown algae are all highly branched, sulfated polysaccharides with varying charge densities and structures, depending on the species of seaweed, method of extraction used and extent of purification. When tridodecylmethylammonium (TDMA) was used as the ion-exchanger, a large, non-equilibrium EMF response was observed over a concentration range of 0.5-50 μg mL(-1) fucoidan. Fucoidan was also measured by titration with polycationic protamine, using a dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (DNNS)-doped membrane electrode as the potentiometric endpoint detector. Potentiometric titration was used to determine the binding ratio between protamine and fucoidan at the neutralization endpoint for each fucoidan preparation. This binding ratio was then used to successfully determine the fucoidan content of commercially available nutritional supplements. Fucoidan was also measured in undiluted blood serum, demonstrating that this method may be applicable for measuring fucoidan for clinical applications.
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92
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Huang TH, Chiu YH, Chan YL, Chiu YH, Wang H, Huang KC, Li TL, Hsu KH, Wu CJ. Prophylactic administration of fucoidan represses cancer metastasis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Lewis tumor-bearing mice. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1882-900. [PMID: 25854641 PMCID: PMC4413192 DOI: 10.3390/md13041882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan, a heparin-like sulfated polysaccharide, is rich in brown algae. It has a wide assortment of protective activities against cancer, for example, induction of hepatocellular carcinoma senescence, induction of human breast and colon carcinoma apoptosis, and impediment of lung cancer cells migration and invasion. However, the anti-metastatic mechanism that fucoidan exploits remains elusive. In this report, we explored the effects of fucoidan on cachectic symptoms, tumor development, lung carcinoma cell spreading and proliferation, as well as expression of metastasis-associated proteins in the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells-inoculated mice model. We discovered that administration of fucoidan has prophylactic effects on mitigation of cachectic body weight loss and improvement of lung masses in tumor-inoculated mice. These desired effects are attributed to inhibition of LLC spreading and proliferation in lung tissues. Fucoidan also down-regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Moreover, the tumor-bearing mice supplemented with fucoidan indeed benefit from an ensemble of the chemo-phylacticity. The fact is that fucoidan significantly decreases viability, migration, invasion, and MMPs activities of LLC cells. In summary, fucoidan is suitable to act as a chemo-preventative agent for minimizing cachectic symptoms as well as inhibiting lung carcinoma metastasis through down-regulating metastatic factors VEGF and MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Huang Chiu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
- Aquatic Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093, Taiwan.
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Holistic Education Center, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department and graduate institute of health care management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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