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Croston TL, Lemons AR, Beezhold DH, Green BJ. MicroRNA Regulation of Host Immune Responses following Fungal Exposure. Front Immunol 2018; 9:170. [PMID: 29467760 PMCID: PMC5808297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal bioaerosols are ubiquitous in the environment and human exposure can result in a variety of health effects ranging from systemic, subcutaneous, and cutaneous infections to respiratory morbidity including allergy, asthma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Recent research has focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) following fungal exposure and is overlooked, yet important, group of regulators capable of influencing fungal immune responses through a variety of cellular mechanisms. These small non-coding ribose nucleic acids function to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have been shown to participate in multiple disease pathways including cancer, heart disease, apoptosis, as well as immune responses to microbial hazards and occupational allergens. Recent animal model studies have characterized miRNAs following the exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Studies focused on microbial exposure, including bacterial infections, as well as exposure to different allergens have shown miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-146, miR-132, miR-155, and the let-7 family members, to be involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the few studies have assessed that the miRNA profiles following fungal exposure have identified the same critical miRNAs that have been characterized in other inflammatory-mediated and allergy-induced experimental models. Review of available in vitro, animal and human studies of exposures to Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Stachybotrys chartarum identified several miRNAs that were shared between responses to these species including miR-125 a/b (macrophage polarization/activation), miR-132 [toll-like receptor (TLR)2-mediated signaling], miR-146a (TLR mediated signaling, alternative macrophage activation), and miR-29a/b (natural killer cell function, C-leptin signaling, inhibition of Th1 immune response). Although these datasets provide preliminary insight into the role of miRNAs in fungal exposed models, interpretation of miRNA datasets can be challenging for researchers. To assist in navigating this rapidly evolving field, the aim of this review is to describe miRNAs in the framework of host recognition mechanisms and provide initial insight into the regulatory pathways in response to fungal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Croston
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Angela R Lemons
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Donald H Beezhold
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Brett J Green
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Heffler E, Allegra A, Pioggia G, Picardi G, Musolino C, Gangemi S. MicroRNA Profiling in Asthma: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:642-650. [PMID: 28489455 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0231tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disorder in which different endotypes contribute to define clinical inflammatory phenotypes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of minute, endogenous 22-25 nt RNA elements that join to particular mRNAs to reduce translation and increase messenger RNA degradation. miRNAs operate in post-transcriptional control and regulate physiological and pathological processes in several illnesses. The purpose of this work is to review and discuss the current knowledge about the function of miRNAs in asthma, focusing particularly on their biological properties, pathophysiologic actions, and possible use as markers and treatments for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Heffler
- 1 Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Clinic, Humanitas Research Hospital, and.,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- 3 Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Oncology, University of Messina
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- 4 Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems-Messina Unit, and
| | - Giuseppe Picardi
- 5 Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- 3 Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Oncology, University of Messina
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- 4 Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems-Messina Unit, and.,6 School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino," Messina, Italy; and
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53
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Milger K, Götschke J, Krause L, Nathan P, Alessandrini F, Tufman A, Fischer R, Bartel S, Theis FJ, Behr J, Dehmel S, Mueller NS, Kneidinger N, Krauss-Etschmann S. Identification of a plasma miRNA biomarker signature for allergic asthma: A translational approach. Allergy 2017; 72:1962-1971. [PMID: 28513859 DOI: 10.1111/all.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic disease with different phenotypes and treatment responses. Thus, there is a high clinical need for molecular disease biomarkers to aid in differentiating these distinct phenotypes. As MicroRNAs (miRNAs), that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, are altered in experimental and human asthma, circulating miRNAs are attractive candidates for the identification of novel biomarkers. This study aimed to identify plasmatic miRNA-based biomarkers of asthma, through a translational approach. METHODS We prescreened miRNAs in plasma samples from two different murine models of experimental asthma (ovalbumin and house dust mite); miRNAs deregulated in both models were further tested in a human training cohort of 20 asthma patients and 9 healthy controls. Candidate miRNAs were then validated in a second, independent group of 26 asthma patients and 12 healthy controls. RESULTS Ten miRNA ratios consisting of 13 miRNAs were differentially regulated in both murine models. Measuring these miRNAs in the training cohort identified a biomarker signature consisting of five miRNA ratios (7 miRNAs). This signature showed a good sensitivity and specificity in the test cohort with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.92. Correlation of miRNA ratios with clinical characteristics further revealed associations with FVC % predicted, and oral corticosteroid or antileukotriene use. CONCLUSION Distinct plasma miRNAs are differentially regulated both in murine and in human allergic asthma and were associated with clinical characteristics of patients. Thus, we suggest that miRNA levels in plasma might have future potential to subphenotype patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Milger
- Department of Internal Medicine V; Comprehensive Pneumology Center; University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD); Helmholtz Center Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M); Munich Germany
| | - J. Götschke
- Department of Internal Medicine V; Comprehensive Pneumology Center; University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD); Helmholtz Center Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M); Munich Germany
| | - L. Krause
- Institute of Computational Biology; Helmholtz Center Munich; Munich Germany
| | - P. Nathan
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD); Helmholtz Center Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M); Munich Germany
| | - F. Alessandrini
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM); Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich; Munich Germany
| | - A. Tufman
- Department of Internal Medicine V; Comprehensive Pneumology Center; University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - R. Fischer
- Pneumologische Praxis München-Pasing; Munich Germany
| | - S. Bartel
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Early origins of chronic lung disease; Priority Area Asthma and Allergy; Research Center Borstel; Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN); Borstel Germany
| | - F. J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology; Helmholtz Center Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Mathematics; Technical University of Munich; Garching Germany
| | - J. Behr
- Department of Internal Medicine V; Comprehensive Pneumology Center; University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - S. Dehmel
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD); Helmholtz Center Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M); Munich Germany
| | - N. S. Mueller
- Institute of Computational Biology; Helmholtz Center Munich; Munich Germany
| | - N. Kneidinger
- Department of Internal Medicine V; Comprehensive Pneumology Center; University of Munich; Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - S. Krauss-Etschmann
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD); Helmholtz Center Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M); Munich Germany
- Early origins of chronic lung disease; Priority Area Asthma and Allergy; Research Center Borstel; Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN); Borstel Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
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54
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Narożna B, Langwiński W, Szczepankiewicz A. Non-Coding RNAs in Pediatric Airway Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120348. [PMID: 29186897 PMCID: PMC5748666 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes and pathways and therefore have been extensively studied in human diseases. Previous reports have shown that non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and aberrant regulation of respiratory diseases. The altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs in blood and also locally in sputum or exhaled breath condensate influences lung function, immune response, and disease phenotype and may be used for the development of biomarkers specific for airway disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent works studying the non-coding RNAs in airway diseases, with a particular focus on chronic respiratory diseases of childhood. We have chosen the most common chronic respiratory condition—asthma—and the most severe, chronic disease of the airways—cystic fibrosis. Study of the altered expression of non-coding RNAs in these diseases may be key to better understanding their pathogenesis and improving diagnosis, while also holding promise for the development of therapeutic strategies using the regulatory potential of non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Narożna
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Langwiński
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that are increasingly being recognized as important epigenetic regulators. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, connective tissue diseases, and neuromuscular disorders. RECENT FINDINGS A few miRNAs have already been recognized as a core set of miRNAs important in allergic inflammation. These include let-7, miR-21, miR-142, and miR-146. This review aims to bring together some of the recent findings on how miRNAs regulate allergic inflammation with special focus on asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis. We will also touch upon extracellular miRNAs and future perspective of this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishika Dissanayake
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuzaburo Inoue
- Department of General Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Saluja R, Kumar A, Jain M, Goel SK, Jain A. Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Mast Cell Functions and Asthma and Its Regulation by Non-Coding RNA. Front Immunol 2017; 8:587. [PMID: 28588581 PMCID: PMC5439123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolites are emerging as important signaling molecules in allergic diseases specifically asthma. One of the sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. In the allergic diseases, alteration of S1P levels influences the differentiation and responsiveness of mast cells (MCs). S1P is synthesized by two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), sphingosine kinase 1, and sphingosine kinase 2. Engagement of IgE to the FcεRI receptor induces the activation of both the SphKs and generates S1P. Furthermore, SphKs are also essential to FcεRI-mediated MC activation. Activated MCs export S1P into the extracellular space and causes inflammatory response and tissue remodeling. S1P signaling has dual role in allergic responses. Activation of SphKs and secretion of S1P are required for MC activation; however, S1P signaling plays a vital role in the recovery from anaphylaxis. Several non-coding RNAs have been shown to play a crucial role in controlling the MC-associated inflammatory and allergic responses. Thus, S1P signaling pathway and its regulation by non-coding RNA could be explored as an exciting potential therapeutic target for asthma and other MC-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Saluja
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Manju Jain
- Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sudhir K Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Centre for Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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MicroRNA-20b promotes the accumulation of CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C low myeloid-derived suppressor cells in asthmatic mice. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:30-38. [PMID: 28680329 PMCID: PMC5470612 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.67316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-20b is a member of the miR-106a-363 gene cluster, which has been shown to play an important role in a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Our previous study indicated that miR-20b has an inhibitory effect on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice, but the exact mechanism is unclear. In this study, we report that the ratio of CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow cells, but not the amount of CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G– cells, was increased in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice after intranasal instillation with miR-20b mimics, while Th2-type cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13) were significantly decreased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, the transcription factor CREB regulated the expression of miR-20b. Our findings suggest that miR-20b can induce the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the lungs of asthmatic mice, which may be a mechanism by which miR-20b inhibits airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Thus, miR-20b may be used as a target for the effective treatment of asthma in the future.
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58
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Ameis D, Khoshgoo N, Iwasiow BM, Snarr P, Keijzer R. MicroRNAs in Lung Development and Disease. Paediatr Respir Rev 2017; 22:38-43. [PMID: 28237418 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼22 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by inhibiting target mRNAs. Research into the roles of miRNAs in lung development and disease is at the early stages. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in pediatric respiratory disease, including cystic fibrosis, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Ameis
- Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Khoshgoo
- Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Barbara M Iwasiow
- Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Phillip Snarr
- Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard Keijzer
- Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Dua K, Hansbro NG, Foster PS, Hansbro PM. MicroRNAs as therapeutics for future drug delivery systems in treatment of lung diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 7:168-178. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Specjalski K, Maciejewska A, Pawłowski R, Chełmińska M, Jassem E. Changes in the Expression of MicroRNA in the Buildup Phase of Wasp Venom Immunotherapy: A Pilot Study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 170:97-100. [PMID: 27441833 DOI: 10.1159/000447637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the most effective method of treatment in allergy to wasp venom. However, its mechanism of action is still not fully understood. The aim of this study is to describe changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression in patients undergoing the buildup phase of venom immunotherapy. METHODS The study group comprised 7 adult patients with a history of severe systemic reactions after stinging by a wasp. In all patients, sensitization to wasp venom had been confirmed by skin tests and serum IgE. The buildup phase of wasp venom immunotherapy (VIT) was conducted according to an ultrarush protocol. In blood samples collected before and 24 h after completing the VIT buildup phase, 740 miRNAs were assessed. RESULTS Of the 740 miRNAs, 440 were detected in the study group, and in 5 expression was significantly changed after the buildup phase of VIT: miR-370, miR-539, miR-502-3p, miR-299, and miR-29c. Another 62 miRNAs changed 2-fold in some patients (nonsignificant), including increases in miR-143 (stimulating FOXp3 expression) and let-7d (reducing expression of IL-13, IL-6, and TLR4), and decreases in proinflammatory miR-301, miR-146b, miR-106, and miR-485. CONCLUSIONS Several changes in miRNA expression have been found as a result of the buildup phase of wasp VIT, with lower expression of some miRNAs involved in allergic inflammation and higher expression of those possibly involved in tolerance induction. However, the role of the most significant changes is uncertain.
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Kho AT, Sharma S, Davis JS, Spina J, Howard D, McEnroy K, Moore K, Sylvia J, Qiu W, Weiss ST, Tantisira KG. Circulating MicroRNAs: Association with Lung Function in Asthma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157998. [PMID: 27362794 PMCID: PMC4928864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are key transcriptional and network regulators previously associated with asthma susceptibility. However, their role in relation to asthma severity has not been delineated. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that circulating microRNAs could serve as biomarkers of changes in lung function in asthma patients. METHODS We isolated microRNAs from serum samples obtained at randomization for 160 participants of the Childhood Asthma Management Program. Using a TaqMan microRNA array containing 754 microRNA primers, we tested for the presence of known asthma microRNAs, and assessed the association of the individual microRNAs with lung function as measured by FEV1/FVC, FEV1% and FVC%. We further tested the subset of FEV1/FVC microRNAs for sex-specific and lung developmental associations. RESULTS Of the 108 well-detected circulating microRNAs, 74 (68.5%) had previously been linked to asthma susceptibility. We found 22 (20.3%), 4 (3.7%) and 8 (7.4%) microRNAs to be associated with FEV1/FVC, FEV1% and FVC%, respectively. 8 (of 22) FEV1/FVC, 3 (of 4) FEV1% and 1 (of 8) FVC% microRNAs had functionally validated target genes that have been linked via genome wide association studies to asthma and FEV1 change. Among the 22 FEV1/FVC microRNAs, 9 (40.9%) remain associated with FEV1/FVC in boys alone in a sex-stratified analysis (compared with 3 FEV1/FVC microRNAs in girls alone), 7 (31.8%) were associated with fetal lung development, and 3 (13.6%) in both. Ontology analyses revealed enrichment for pathways integral to asthma, including PPAR signaling, G-protein coupled signaling, actin and myosin binding, and respiratory system development. CONCLUSIONS Circulating microRNAs reflect asthma biology and are associated with lung function differences in asthmatics. They may represent biomarkers of asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin T. Kho
- Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Davis
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Joseph Spina
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Dagnie Howard
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Kevin McEnroy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Kip Moore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Jody Sylvia
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
- Partners Personalized Medicine, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Kelan G. Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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62
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Midyat L, Gulen F, Karaca E, Ozkinay F, Tanac R, Demir E, Cogulu O, Aslan A, Ozkinay C, Onay H, Atasever M. MicroRNA expression profiling in children with different asthma phenotypes. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:582-7. [PMID: 26422695 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms in asthma through exploring the role of microRNAs may offer promise to reveal new approaches for primary prevention and identification of new therapeutic targets in childhood asthma. The primary goal of this study is to identify the microRNAs that play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma in pediatric age group. The secondary goal is to analyze these microRNAs according to the asthma phenotype, atopic status, and severity of the disease exacerbation. To our knowledge, this is the first research project in the literature which studies the relationship between microRNA expression and the severity of childhood asthma. One hundred children between 6 and 18 years old with a diagnosis of asthma, and 100 age-matched healthy children were enrolled in this study, and the analyses of microRNA expression profiles were performed in the Medical Genetics Laboratories of Ege University between November 2009 and June 2010. The expression of 10 microRNAs were shown to be higher in patients with more severe asthma, and the expression of these microRNAs were also found to be higher in patients who present with more severe acute asthma exacerbation symptoms (P < 0.001). Also, five microRNAs were found to be expressed more than twofold in allergic patients when compared to non-allergic participants (P <0.001). Asthma is one of the best examples of complex genetic diseases, and further studies, which will investigate the relationship between these microRNA's and their target genes, are needed to learn more about the specific roles of microRNAs in respiratory diseases. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:582-587. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Midyat
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Figen Gulen
- Division of Pulmonology-Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emin Karaca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ozkinay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Remziye Tanac
- Division of Pulmonology-Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esen Demir
- Division of Pulmonology-Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cogulu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asli Aslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cihangir Ozkinay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Onay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mesude Atasever
- Division of Pulmonology-Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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63
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Cushing L, Jiang Z, Kuang P, Lü J. The roles of microRNAs and protein components of the microRNA pathway in lung development and diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 52:397-408. [PMID: 25211015 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0232rt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of studies have shown evolutionarily conserved molecular networks consisting of transcriptional factors, diffusing growth factors, and signaling pathways that regulate proper lung development. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), small, noncoding regulatory RNAs, have been integrated into these networks. Significant advances have been made in characterizing the developmental stage- or cell type-specific miRNAs during lung development by using approaches such as genome-wide profiling and in situ hybridization. Results from gain- or loss-of-function studies revealed pivotal roles of protein components of the miRNA pathway and individual miRNAs in regulating proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and morphogenesis during lung development. Aberrant expression or functions of these components have been associated with pulmonary disorders, suggesting their involvement in pathogenesis of these diseases. Moreover, genetically modified mice generated in these studies have become useful models of human lung diseases. Challenges in this field include characterization of collective function and responsible targets of miRNAs specifically expressed during lung development, and translation of these basic findings into clinically relevant information for better understanding of human diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss the recent progress on the understanding of how the miRNA pathway regulates lung development, how dysregulation of miRNA activities contributes to pathogenesis of related pulmonary diseases, and to identify relevant questions and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cushing
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
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Zhou Y, Yang Q, Xu H, Zhang J, Deng H, Gao H, Yang J, Zhao D, Liu F. miRNA-221-3p Enhances the Secretion of Interleukin-4 in Mast Cells through the Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog/p38/Nuclear Factor-kappaB Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148821. [PMID: 26901347 PMCID: PMC4764704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in asthma. Moreover, serum miRNA-221-3p (miR-221) has been shown to be markedly increased in children with asthma. In the current study, we aimed to examine miR-221 expression in an asthma model and elucidate the mechanisms regulating interleukin (IL)-4 secretion in mast cells. Using polymerase chain reaction, we found that miR-221 was upregulated in a murine asthma model and in P815 mast cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Moreover, miR-221 upregulated IL-4 secretion from P815 cells, as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter gene assays, and western blotting showed that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was a target of miR-221 and could block IL-4 secretion stimulated by miR-221. The phosphorylation of p38 (protein) and activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were increased after overexpression of miR-221, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Finally, treatment with specific inhibitors could block IL-4 secretion. In conclusion, miR-221, which was overexpressed in a murine asthma model, stimulated IL-4 secretion in mast cells through a pathway involving PTEN, p38, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
| | - Qianyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Huai'an Maternity and Children's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China 223002
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
- * E-mail: (FL); (DZ)
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210008
- * E-mail: (FL); (DZ)
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Elbehidy RM, Youssef DM, El-Shal AS, Shalaby SM, Sherbiny HS, Sherief LM, Akeel NE. MicroRNA-21 as a novel biomarker in diagnosis and response to therapy in asthmatic children. Mol Immunol 2016; 71:107-114. [PMID: 26874829 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying molecular mechanisms leading to asthma remain largely unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs exert powerful effects on immunological function by tuning networks of target genes that orchestrate cell activity. However, the role of miRNAs, specifically microRNA-21 (miRNA- 21), in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation is not well defined. Our aim was to investigate the serum miRNA- 21 expression levels as potential biomarker in childhood asthma [with, without inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy, and steroid resistant (SR)]; and their possible contributions in disease status, its molecular target interleukin-12 (IL-12) p35, and response to therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 175 children; 95 were asthmatic patients subdivided into 3 groups [40 asthmatic children without ICS, 40 steroid sensitive (SS) asthma children and 15 steroid resistant (SR) asthma children] and 80 were healthy children as healthy controls. The miRNA-21 expressions levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in all children. Serum IL-12p35 and total IgE levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The expression levels of miRNA-21 were significantly higher in the asthmatic children than in control group (P<0.001); with significantly higher levels in asthmatic patients without ICS or in SR patients compared to SS children (P<0.001). On contrast, serum IL-12p35 levels were significantly decreased in asthmatic patients without ICS therapy or in SR asthma patients as compared to SS patients (P<0.001). Our data revealed that serum miRNA-21 expression levels was significant negatively correlated with serum IL-12p35 levels and FEV1, while it was positively correlated with both sputum and blood eosinophils. Importantly, serum miRNA-21 had a predictive value in differentiating SS from SR patients, with an AUC value of 0.99, specificity of 86.7%, sensitivity of 97.5% and P<0.001. CONCLUSION This study suggested that serum miRNA-21 is stable and detectable in serum of asthmatic children, which could promise potential biomarker in diagnosis as well as in response to therapy of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab M Elbehidy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Youssef
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Sherbiny
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Laila M Sherief
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nagwa E Akeel
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Maltby S, Plank M, Tay HL, Collison A, Foster PS. Targeting MicroRNA Function in Respiratory Diseases: Mini-Review. Front Physiol 2016; 7:21. [PMID: 26869937 PMCID: PMC4740489 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate expression of the majority of genes by inhibiting protein translation. Growing literature has identified functional roles for miRNAs across a broad range of biological processes. As such, miRNAs are recognized as potential disease biomarkers and novel targets for therapies. While several miRNA-targeted therapies are currently in clinical trials (e.g., for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection and cancer), no therapies have targeted miRNAs in respiratory diseases in the clinic. In this mini-review, we review the current knowledge on miRNA expression and function in respiratory diseases, intervention strategies to target miRNA function, and considerations specific to respiratory diseases. Altered miRNA expression profiles have been reported in a number of respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These include alterations in isolated lung tissue, as well as sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and peripheral blood or serum. The observed alterations in easily accessible body fluids (e.g., serum) have been proposed as new biomarkers that may inform disease diagnosis and patient management. In a subset of studies, miRNA-targeted interventions also improved disease outcomes, indicating functional roles for altered miRNA expression in disease pathogenesis. In fact, direct administration of miRNA-targeting molecules to the lung has yielded promising results in a number of animal models. The ability to directly administer compounds to the lung holds considerable promise and may limit potential off-target effects and side effects caused by the systemic administration required to treat other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Maximilian Plank
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Hock L Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Collison
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia; Experimental and Translational Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of NewcastleCallaghan, NSW, Australia
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Protein-protein interaction network analysis and identifying regulation microRNAs in asthmatic children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:584-92. [PMID: 25979194 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, the incidence of which has increased recently. In order to identify the potential biomarkers for allergic asthma therapy, microarray data were analysed to find meaningful information. METHODS Microarray data GSE18965 were downloaded from Gene Expression Ominibus (GEO), including seven asthmatic epithelium samples from children with allergic asthma and nine healthy controls. Limma package was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the criteria were |log fold change|>0.5 and p value<0.05. We used Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tool to perform GO function and KEGG pathway analysis. STRING database was used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. MicroRNA (miRNA) regulation network was constructed according to miRecords database. RESULTS We identified 274 DEGs in asthma epithelium samples comparing with healthy controls. There were 123 up-regulated DEGs and 151 down-regulated DEGs. PPI network analysis showed that TSPO, G6PD and TXN had higher degree. miRNA regulation network demonstrated that miR-16 and miR-15a had higher degree. The target genes of miRNAs were significantly enriched in the apoptosis function. CONCLUSIONS TSPO, G6PD and TXN, miR-16, miR-15a and apoptosis may be used as the targets for children's allergic asthma therapy.
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Guibas GV, Megremis S, West P, Papadopoulos NG. Contributing factors to the development of childhood asthma: working toward risk minimization. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:721-35. [PMID: 25873298 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1035649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood, and considerable research has been undertaken to find ways to prevent its development and reduce its prevalence. For such interventions to be successful, risk factors for asthma emergence should be identified and clearly defined. Data are robust for some of them, including atopy, viral infections and exposure to airborne irritants, whereas it is less conclusive for others, such as aeroallergen exposure and bacterial infections. Several interventions for asthma prevention, including avoidance and pharmacotherapy, have been attempted. However, most of them have furnished equivocal results. Various issues hinder the establishment of risk factors for asthma development and reduce the effectiveness of interventions, including the complexity of the disease and the fluidity of the developing systems in childhood. In this review, we revisit the evidence on pediatric asthma risk factors and prevention and discuss issues that perplex this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- George V Guibas
- Centre for Pediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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69
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Mi S, Zhang J, Zhang W, Huang RS. Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for inflammatory diseases. Microrna 2015; 2:63-71. [PMID: 25019052 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611302010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules with gene regulatory functions, have emerged to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Current technological advances allow accurate, high throughput profiling of miRNA abundance in different tissues. More recently, extracellular, circulating miRNAs have begun to be demonstrated as highly stable, blood-based biomarkers for diseases. Understanding the interactions between circulating miRNAs and clinical phenotypes can enhance our knowledge of complex diseases and traits. On the other hand, given the advantages of utilizing blood-based biomarkers (e.g., convenience in collecting samples), circulating miRNAs as biomarkers may improve both disease diagnosis and management. Particularly, we reviewed recent progress in identifying circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for several common inflammatory diseases including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Current studies showed a promising future of using circulating miRNAs in the care of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Mi
- Laboratory of Disease Genomics and Individualized Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of Disease Genomics and Individualized Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China ; Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA ; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Tay HL, Plank M, Collison A, Mattes J, Kumar RK, Foster PS. MicroRNA: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for allergic asthma? Ann Med 2014; 46:633-9. [PMID: 25307360 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.958196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that bind to multiple target mRNAs to control gene expression post-transcriptionally by inhibiting translation. In mammalian cells, microRNAs play important roles in a diverse array of cellular processes (e.g. cell proliferation and differentiation). However, alterations in their levels may compromise cellular function, predisposing to disease. In this review, we discuss microRNAs that have been linked with pathogenesis of asthma and propose functional roles in the regulation of disease. MicroRNAs have the potential to be biomarkers for asthma and provide the platform for the development of new classes of therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock L Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle 2308 , Australia
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Comer BS, Ba M, Singer CA, Gerthoffer WT. Epigenetic targets for novel therapies of lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:91-110. [PMID: 25448041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In spite of substantial advances in defining the immunobiology and function of structural cells in lung diseases there is still insufficient knowledge to develop fundamentally new classes of drugs to treat many lung diseases. For example, there is a compelling need for new therapeutic approaches to address severe persistent asthma that is insensitive to inhaled corticosteroids. Although the prevalence of steroid-resistant asthma is 5-10%, severe asthmatics require a disproportionate level of health care spending and constitute a majority of fatal asthma episodes. None of the established drug therapies including long-acting beta agonists or inhaled corticosteroids reverse established airway remodeling. Obstructive airways remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), restrictive remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and occlusive vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension are similarly unresponsive to current drug therapy. Therefore, drugs are needed to achieve long-acting suppression and reversal of pathological airway and vascular remodeling. Novel drug classes are emerging from advances in epigenetics. Novel mechanisms are emerging by which cells adapt to environmental cues, which include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of transcription and translation by noncoding RNAs. In this review we will summarize current epigenetic approaches being applied to preclinical drug development addressing important therapeutic challenges in lung diseases. These challenges are being addressed by advances in lung delivery of oligonucleotides and small molecules that modify the histone code, DNA methylation patterns and miRNA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Comer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Mariam Ba
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Cherie A Singer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - William T Gerthoffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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A microRNA upregulated in asthma airway T cells promotes TH2 cytokine production. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:1162-70. [PMID: 25362490 PMCID: PMC4233009 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert powerful effects on immunological function by tuning networks of target genes that orchestrate cell activity. We sought to identify miRNAs and miRNA-regulated pathways that control the type 2 helper T cell (TH2 cell) responses that drive pathogenic inflammation in asthma. Profiling miRNA expression in human airway-infiltrating T cells revealed elevated expression of the miRNA miR-19a in asthma. Modulating miR-19 activity altered TH2 cytokine production in both human and mouse T cells, and TH2 cell responses were markedly impaired in cells lacking the entire miR-17∼92 cluster. miR-19 promoted TH2 cytokine production and amplified inflammatory signaling by direct targeting of the inositol phosphatase PTEN, the signaling inhibitor SOCS1 and the deubiquitinase A20. Thus, upregulation of miR-19a in asthma may be an indicator and a cause of increased TH2 cytokine production in the airways.
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73
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Booton R, Lindsay MA. Emerging role of MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in respiratory disease. Chest 2014; 146:193-204. [PMID: 25010962 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of techniques such as microarrays and high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized our ability to examine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression within the respiratory system. Importantly, these approaches have also uncovered the widespread expression of "noncoding RNAs," including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, which impact biologic responses through the regulation of mRNA transcription and/or translation. To date, most studies of the role of noncoding RNAs have focused on microRNAs, which regulate mRNA translation via the RNA interference pathway. These studies have shown changes in microRNA expression in cells and tissues derived from patients with asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, COPD, and non-small cell lung cancer. Although the evidence is currently limited, we review the work that has been carried out in cell and animal models that has identified the function and mechanism of action of a small number of these microRNAs in disease etiology. In addition to microRNAs, we assess the emerging evidence that long noncoding RNAs regulate respiratory phenotype. Because these investigations into long noncoding RNAs were performed almost exclusively in non-small cell lung cancer, future work will need to extend these into other respiratory diseases and to analyze how microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs interact to regulate mRNA expression. From a clinical perspective, the targeting of noncoding RNAs as a novel therapeutic approach will require a deeper understanding of their function and mechanism of action. However, in the short term, changes in miRNA and long noncoding RNA expression are likely to be of use as biomarkers for disease stratification and/or assessment of drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Booton
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre and North West Lung Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Mark A Lindsay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, England.
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Subtypes of asthma defined by epithelial cell expression of messenger RNA and microRNA. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 10 Suppl:S186-9. [PMID: 24313771 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201303-070aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human asthma can be subcategorized in several ways, but one powerful approach is to subtype asthma on the basis of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Groups of patients with a disease that share a common underlying biology are termed an "endotype." Endotypes of asthma have been studied at both the cellular level (by cytological examination of induced sputum) and, increasingly, at the molecular level. Genome-wide analyses of mRNA expression within the lung have been useful in the identification of molecular endotypes of asthma and point to protein biomarkers of those endotypes that can be measured in the blood. More recently, studies of microRNA expression in airway epithelial cells in asthma have identified additional candidate biomarkers of asthma endotypes. One potentially valuable property of microRNAs is that they can also be measured in extracellular fluids and therefore have the potential to serve directly as noninvasively measured biomarkers.
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Abstract
Immune-mediated pulmonary diseases are a group of diseases that resulted from immune imbalance initiated by allergens or of unknown causes. Inflammatory responses without restrictions cause tissue damage and remodeling, which leads to airway hyperactivity, destruction of alveolar architecture, and a resultant loss of lung function. Epigenetic mechanisms have been demonstrated to be involved in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Recent studies have identified that epigenetic changes also regulate molecular pathways in immune-mediated lung diseases. Aberrant DNA methylation status, dysregulation of histone modifications, as well as altered microRNAs expression could change transcription activity of genes involved in the development of immune-mediated pulmonary diseases, which contributes to skewed differentiation of T cells and proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts, leading to overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, respectively. Aside from this, epigenetics also explains how environmental exposure influence on gene transcription without genetic changes. It acts as a mediator of the interaction between environmental factors and genetic factors. Identification of the abnormal epigenetic marks in diseases provides novel biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis and affords novel therapeutic targets for those difficult clinical problems, such as steroid-resistance and rapidly progressing fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the latest experimental and translational epigenetic studies in immune-mediated pulmonary diseases, including asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and silicosis.
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Plank M, Maltby S, Mattes J, Foster PS. Targeting translational control as a novel way to treat inflammatory disease: the emerging role of MicroRNAs. Clin Exp Allergy 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Plank
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; NSW; Australia
| | - S. Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; NSW; Australia
| | | | - P. S. Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; NSW; Australia
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Lu TX, Rothenberg ME. Diagnostic, functional, and therapeutic roles of microRNA in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:3-13; quiz 14. [PMID: 23735656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is accompanied by the coordinated expression of a myriad of genes and proteins that initiate, sustain, and propagate immune responses and tissue remodeling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short single-stranded RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally silence gene expression and have been shown to fine-tune gene transcriptional networks because single miRNAs can target hundreds of genes. Considerable attention has been focused on the key role of miRNAs in regulating homeostatic immune architecture and acquired immunity. Recent studies have identified miRNA profiles in multiple allergic inflammatory diseases, including asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Specific miRNAs have been found to have critical roles in regulating key pathogenic mechanisms in allergic inflammation, including polarization of adaptive immune responses and activation of T cells (eg, miR-21 and miR-146), regulation of eosinophil development (eg, miR-21 and miR-223), and modulation of IL-13-driven epithelial responses (eg, miR-375). This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the expression and function of miRNAs in patients with allergic inflammation, their role as disease biomarkers, and perspectives for future investigation and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X Lu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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