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Lawrence GW, Begley M, Cotter PD, Guinane CM. Potential Use of Biotherapeutic Bacteria to Target Colorectal Cancer-Associated Taxa. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030924. [PMID: 32019270 PMCID: PMC7037558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease is the focus of much attention. It has been widely agreed upon that our gut bacteria play a role in host immunity, nutrient absorption, digestion, metabolism, and other key drivers of health. Furthermore, certain microbial signatures and specific taxa have also been associated with the development of diseases, such as obesity; inflammatory bowel disease; and, indeed, colorectal cancer (CRC), which is the focus of this review. By extension, such taxa represent potential therapeutic targets. In particular, the emerging human pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum represents an important agent in CRC development and its control within the gastrointestinal tract is desirable. This paper reviews the principal bacterial pathogens that have been associated with CRC to date and discusses the in vitro and human studies that have shown the potential use of biotherapeutic strains as a means of targeting CRC-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garreth W. Lawrence
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork T12 P928, Ireland; (G.W.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Máire Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork T12 P928, Ireland; (G.W.L.); (M.B.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland;
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland;
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Guinane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork T12 P928, Ireland; (G.W.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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52
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Chen L, Reynolds C, David R, Peace Brewer A. Development of an Index Score for Intestinal Inflammation-Associated Dysbiosis Using Real-World Stool Test Results. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:1111-1124. [PMID: 31529411 PMCID: PMC7069909 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota play an important role in human health. However, the application of gut microbiome in regular clinical practice is limited by interindividual variations and complexity of test results. HYPOTHESIS It is possible to address interindividual variation by using large data-based exploratory-pattern analysis. METHODS The current study was conducted using a large data set (n = 173,221) of nonselective incoming patients' test results from a stool test. The data set included assays for the detection of 24 selected commensal microorganisms and multiple biomarkers in feces. Patients were grouped based on their levels of inflammation biomarkers such as calprotectin, eosinophil protein X, and IgA. Group mean values of biomarkers and commensal microbes were used in an exploratory-pattern analysis for association from which an index score for intestinal inflammation-associated dysbiosis (IAD) was developed. The IAD score was evaluated in one questionnaire-based study (n = 7263) and one prospective case series study (n = 122) with patients of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease. RESULTS We identified a microbial profile strongly associated with fecal inflammation biomarkers. Developed on the pattern of the microbial profile, the IAD score demonstrated a strong association with fecal inflammation biomarkers and was significantly different between patients with IBD and those with IBS or celiac disease. CONCLUSION Using real-world data, we have developed a method to predict gut dysbiosis associated with different GI disease conditions. It may help clinicians simplify the process of interpreting gut microbial status and provide gut health assessment and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chen
- Department of Clinical Evidence Development, Genova Diagnostics, Inc, 63 Zillicoa Street, Asheville, NC 28801 USA
| | - Courtney Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Robert David
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Genova Diagnostics, Inc, 3425 Corporate Way, Duluth, GA 30096 USA
| | - Amy Peace Brewer
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Genova Diagnostics, Inc, 63 Zillicoa Street, Asheville, NC 28801 USA
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Tarashi S, Siadat SD, Ahmadi Badi S, Zali M, Biassoni R, Ponzoni M, Moshiri A. Gut Bacteria and their Metabolites: Which One Is the Defendant for Colorectal Cancer? Microorganisms 2019; 7:E561. [PMID: 31766208 PMCID: PMC6920974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health concern which requires efficient therapeutic strategies. The mechanisms underlying CRC remain an essential subject of investigations in the cancer biology field. The evaluation of human microbiota can be critical in this regard, since the disruption of the normal community of gut bacteria is an important issue in the development of CRC. However, several studies have already evaluated the different aspects of the association between microbiota and CRC. The current study aimed at reviewing and summarizing most of the studies on the modifications of gut bacteria detected in stool and tissue samples of CRC cases. In addition, the importance of metabolites derived from gut bacteria, their relationship with the microbiota, and epigenetic modifications have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran; (S.T.); (S.D.S.); (S.A.B.)
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran; (S.T.); (S.D.S.); (S.A.B.)
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran; (S.T.); (S.D.S.); (S.A.B.)
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17411 Tehran, Iran;
| | - Roberto Biassoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17411 Tehran, Iran;
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
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54
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Sheng Q, Du H, Cheng X, Cheng X, Tang Y, Pan L, Wang Q, Lin J. Characteristics of fecal gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer at different stages and different sites. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4834-4844. [PMID: 31611994 PMCID: PMC6781660 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed that the gut microbiota serves an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to investigate the populations present in the gut microbiota in patients with CRC of different stages and at different sites. Fecal samples were obtained from 67 CRC patients and 30 healthy controls, which were analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Increased diversity of the fecal gut microbiota in patients with CRC was reported compared with the healthy controls. In the present study, at the genus level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Collinsella and Peptostreptococcus in the gut microbiota of CRC patients were substantially increased compared with healthy controls, while the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was significantly lower. In addition, differences in the fecal gut microbiota were also compared between patients with stage I-IV CRC and healthy controls. The results revealed that the abundances of the genera Peptostreptococcus, Collinsella and Ruminococcus were significantly increased in patients with CRC stage I compared with the healthy controls, while Alistipes was enriched in patients with stage III CRC compared with patients with stage IV. Furthermore, the present study reported that the genera Veillonella and Coprobacter were more abundant in the proximal segments than in the distal segments of the colon. In conclusion, despite the low number of samples employed in the present study, a signature of genera indicating dysbiosis of the gut microbiota of patients with stage I-IV CRC patients was proposed, which may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the progression of CRC. These findings are also valuable for developing novel fecal diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Sheng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Du
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Cheng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yunning Tang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Changshan People' Hospital, Changshan, Zhejiang 324200, P.R. China
| | - Lelin Pan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qunmin Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jianjiang Lin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Alhinai EA, Walton GE, Commane DM. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Causation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215295. [PMID: 31653078 PMCID: PMC6862640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we reviewed emerging evidence on the role of the microbial community in colorectal carcinogenesis. A healthy gut microbiota promotes intestinal homeostasis and can exert anti-cancer effects; however, this microbiota also produces a variety of metabolites that are genotoxic and which can negatively influence epithelial cell behaviour. Disturbances in the normal microbial balance, known as dysbiosis, are frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Microbial species linked to CRC include certain strains of Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, amongst others. Whether these microbes are merely passive dwellers exploiting the tumour environment, or rather, active protagonists in the carcinogenic process is the subject of much research. The incidence of chemically-induced tumours in mice models varies, depending upon the presence or absence of these microorganisms, thus strongly suggesting influences on disease causation. Putative mechanistic explanations differentially link these strains to DNA damage, inflammation, aberrant cell behaviour and immune suppression. In the future, modulating the composition and metabolic activity of this microbial community may have a role in prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman A Alhinai
- Dietetics Department, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, PO Box 937, Ruwi, Muscat PC 112, Oman.
| | - Gemma E Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UA, UK.
| | - Daniel M Commane
- Department of Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota may influence colorectal cancer risk. Diet, particularly fibre intake, may modify gut microbiota composition, which may affect cancer risk. We investigated the relationship between dietary fibre intake and gut microbiota in adults. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we assessed gut microbiota in faecal samples from 151 adults in two independent study populations: National Cancer Institute (NCI), n 75, and New York University (NYU), n 76. We calculated energy-adjusted fibre intake based on FFQ. For each study population with adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI and smoking, we evaluated the relationship between fibre intake and gut microbiota community composition and taxon abundance. Total fibre intake was significantly associated with overall microbial community composition in NYU (P=0·008) but not in NCI (P=0·81). In a meta-analysis of both study populations, higher fibre intake tended to be associated with genera of class Clostridia, including higher abundance of SMB53 (fold change (FC)=1·04, P=0·04), Lachnospira (FC=1·03, P=0·05) and Faecalibacterium (FC=1·03, P=0·06), and lower abundance of Actinomyces (FC=0·95, P=0·002), Odoribacter (FC=0·95, P=0·03) and Oscillospira (FC=0·96, P=0·06). A species-level meta-analysis showed that higher fibre intake was marginally associated with greater abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (FC=1·03, P=0·07) and lower abundance of Eubacterium dolichum (FC=0·96, P=0·04) and Bacteroides uniformis (FC=0·97, P=0·05). Thus, dietary fibre intake may impact gut microbiota composition, particularly class Clostridia, and may favour putatively beneficial bacteria such as F. prausnitzii. These findings warrant further understanding of diet-microbiota relationships for future development of colorectal cancer prevention strategies.
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57
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Nishida K, Sawada D, Kuwano Y, Tanaka H, Rokutan K. Health Benefits of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 Tablets in Young Adults Exposed to Chronic Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081859. [PMID: 31405122 PMCID: PMC6723420 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term administration of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 improves stress-associated symptoms and clinical symptoms in healthy young adults and in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, respectively. We evaluated the efficacy and health benefits of the long-term use of a tablet containing heat-inactivated, washed Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (CP2305) in healthy young adults. Sixty Japanese medical students (41 men and 19 women) preparing for the national examination for medical practitioners ingested CP2305-containing or placebo tablets once daily for 24 weeks. Intake of the CP2305 tablet significantly reduced anxiety and sleep disturbance relative to placebo, as quantitated by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Single-channel sleep electroencephalograms show that CP2305 significantly shortened sleep latency and wake time after sleep onset and increased the delta power ratio in the first sleep cycle. CP2305 also significantly lowered salivary chromogranin A levels compared with placebo. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of participant feces demonstrated that CP2305 administration attenuated the stress-induced decline of Bifidobacterium spp. and the stress-induced elevation of Streptococcus spp. We conclude that the long-term use of CP2305-containing tablets may improve the mental state, sleep quality, and gut microbiota of healthy adults under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Nishida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Rokutan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Lo Presti A, Zorzi F, Del Chierico F, Altomare A, Cocca S, Avola A, De Biasio F, Russo A, Cella E, Reddel S, Calabrese E, Biancone L, Monteleone G, Cicala M, Angeletti S, Ciccozzi M, Putignani L, Guarino MPL. Fecal and Mucosal Microbiota Profiling in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1655. [PMID: 31379797 PMCID: PMC6650632 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in the bacterial species resulting in the loss of intestinal homeostasis has been described in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this prospective study, we investigated whether IBD and IBS patients exhibit specific changes in richness and distribution of fecal and mucosal-associated microbiota. Additionally, we assessed potential 16S rRNA gene amplicons biomarkers for IBD, IBS, and controls (CTRLs) by comparison of taxonomic composition. The relative abundance of bacteria, at phylum and genus/species levels, and the bacterial diversity were determined through 16S rRNA sequence-based fecal and mucosal microbiota analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used for biomarker discovery associated to IBD and IBS as compared to CTRLs. In fecal and mucosal samples, the microbiota richness was characterized by a microbial diversity reduction, going from CTRLs to IBS to IBD. β-diversity analysis showed a clear separation between IBD and CTRLs and between IBD and IBS with no significant separation between IBS and CTRLs. β-diversity showed a clear separation between mucosa and stool samples in all the groups. In IBD, there was no difference between inflamed and not inflamed mucosa. Based upon the LEfSe data, the Anaerostipes and Ruminococcaceae were identified as the most differentially abundant bacterial taxa in CTRLs. Erysipelotrichi was identified as potential biomarker for IBS, while Gammaproteobacteria, Enterococcus, and Enterococcaceae for IBD. This study provides an overview of the alterations of microbiota and may aid in identifying potential 16S rRNA gene amplicons mucosal biomarkers for IBD and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Zorzi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Cocca
- Unit of Digestive Disease, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Avola
- Unit of Digestive Disease, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Biasio
- Unit of Digestive Disease, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Russo
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cella
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Reddel
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Calabrese
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Biancone
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Cicala
- Unit of Digestive Disease, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Human Microbiome Unit and Parasitology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Crypt- and Mucosa-Associated Core Microbiotas in Humans and Their Alteration in Colon Cancer Patients. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01315-19. [PMID: 31311881 PMCID: PMC6635529 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01315-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the huge number of bacteria constituting the human colon microbiota, alteration in the balance of its constitutive taxa (i.e., dysbiosis) is highly suspected of being involved in colorectal oncogenesis. Indeed, bacterial signatures in association with CRC have been described. These signatures may vary if bacteria are identified in feces or in association with tumor tissues. Here, we show that bacteria colonize human colonic crypts in tissues obtained from patients with CRC and with normal colonoscopy results. Aerobic nonfermentative Proteobacteria previously identified as constitutive of the crypt-specific core microbiota in murine colonic samples are similarly prevalent in human colonic crypts in combination with other anaerobic taxa. We also show that bacterial signatures characterizing the crypts of colonic tumors vary depending whether right-side or left-side tumors are analyzed. We have previously identified a crypt-specific core microbiota (CSCM) in the colons of healthy laboratory mice and related wild rodents. Here, we confirm that a CSCM also exists in the human colon and appears to be altered during colon cancer. The colonic microbiota is suggested to be involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Because the microbiota identified in fecal samples from CRC patients does not directly reflect the microbiota associated with tumor tissues themselves, we sought to characterize the bacterial communities from the crypts and associated adjacent mucosal surfaces of 58 patients (tumor and normal homologous tissue) and 9 controls with normal colonoscopy results. Here, we confirm that bacteria colonize human colonic crypts in both control and CRC tissues, and using laser-microdissected tissues and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we further show that right and left crypt- and mucosa-associated bacterial communities are significantly different. In addition to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and as with murine proximal colon crypts, environmental nonfermentative Proteobacteria are found in human colonic crypts. Fusobacterium and Bacteroides fragilis are more abundant in right-side tumors, whereas Parvimonas micra is more prevalent in left-side tumors. More precisely, Fusobacterium periodonticum is more abundant in crypts from cancerous samples in the right colon than in associated nontumoral samples from adjacent areas but not in left-side colonic samples. Future analysis of the interaction between these bacteria and the crypt epithelium, particularly intestinal stem cells, will allow deciphering of their possible oncogenic potential.
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Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal distinct stage-specific phenotypes of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer. Nat Med 2019; 25:968-976. [PMID: 31171880 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In most cases of sporadic colorectal cancers, tumorigenesis is a multistep process, involving genomic alterations in parallel with morphologic changes. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that the human gut microbiome is linked to the development of colorectal cancer. Here we performed fecal metagenomic and metabolomic studies on samples from a large cohort of 616 participants who underwent colonoscopy to assess taxonomic and functional characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolites. Microbiome and metabolome shifts were apparent in cases of multiple polypoid adenomas and intramucosal carcinomas, in addition to more advanced lesions. We found two distinct patterns of microbiome elevations. First, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum spp. was significantly (P < 0.005) elevated continuously from intramucosal carcinoma to more advanced stages. Second, Atopobium parvulum and Actinomyces odontolyticus, which co-occurred in intramucosal carcinomas, were significantly (P < 0.005) increased only in multiple polypoid adenomas and/or intramucosal carcinomas. Metabolome analyses showed that branched-chain amino acids and phenylalanine were significantly (P < 0.005) increased in intramucosal carcinomas and bile acids, including deoxycholate, were significantly (P < 0.005) elevated in multiple polypoid adenomas and/or intramucosal carcinomas. We identified metagenomic and metabolomic markers to discriminate cases of intramucosal carcinoma from the healthy controls. Our large-cohort multi-omics data indicate that shifts in the microbiome and metabolome occur from the very early stages of the development of colorectal cancer, which is of possible etiological and diagnostic importance.
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Altomare A, Putignani L, Del Chierico F, Cocca S, Angeletti S, Ciccozzi M, Tripiciano C, Dalla Piccola B, Cicala M, Guarino MPL. Gut mucosal-associated microbiota better discloses inflammatory bowel disease differential patterns than faecal microbiota. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:648-656. [PMID: 30573380 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) even if the literature does not reveal uniform alterations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the mucosal (MM) and faecal microbiota (FM) composition in a cohort of IBD patients compared to healthy controls (CTRLs). METHODS Faecal and mucosal samples were collected from 14 IBD patients and 11 CTRLs. The V1-V3 region of 16S rRNA locus was amplified on a 454-Junior Genome Sequencer. Reads were grouped into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a sequence similarity level of 97% for taxonomic assignment, and aligned for OTUs matching against Greengenes database. RESULTS Irrespective of disease localization and activity, in the MM of IBD patients a statistically significant increase of Proteobacteria (especially Enterobacteriaceae, Acidaminococcus, Veillonella dispar) and decrease of Firmicutes (especially Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and Actinobacteria was found compared to CTRLs. In the colon district some specific bacterial biomarkers were identified: Enterobacteriaceae for IBD stools, Bacteroides for IBD biopsies, Mogibacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Prevotella for CTRL stools, Ruminococcaceae for CTRL biopsies. CONCLUSIONS The profiles of FM were more similar to CTRLs, suggesting that microbiota adhering to the gut mucosa better discriminates patients from controls, with the identification of some interesting biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Altomare
- Gastroenterology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy; Parasitology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Cocca
- Gastroenterology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Dalla Piccola
- Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Cicala
- Gastroenterology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Gargari G, Deon V, Taverniti V, Gardana C, Denina M, Riso P, Guardamagna O, Guglielmetti S. Evidence of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial ecosystem of children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia and the potential role of regular hazelnut intake. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:4939468. [PMID: 29566154 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia starts at a pediatric age and represents an unquestionable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Modulation of the intestinal microbial ecosystem (IME), in principle, can ameliorate lipid profiles. In this study, we characterized the IME of children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia by analyzing fecal samples through 16S rRNA gene profiling (n = 15) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) quantification (n = 32). The same analyses were also carried out on age-matched normolipidemic controls (n = 15). Moreover, we evaluated the modulatory effect of regular hazelnut intake (approximately 0.43 g of hazelnuts with skin per kg of body weight) on the IME of 15 children and adolescents with hyperlipidemia for eight weeks. We found alterations of numerous operational taxonomic units potentially associated with SCFA-producing bacteria and reductions in the fecal levels of acetate, butyrate and propionate in hyperlipidemic subjects. Furthermore, we observed that an eight-week hazelnut intervention may induce limited changes in fecal microbiota composition but can significantly modulate the fecal levels of predominant intestinal SCFAs, such as acetate. Finally, correlation analyses indicated that changes in lipidemic parameters are linked to modifications of the abundance of specific bacterial taxa, such as the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium. This study suggests that children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia possess an altered IME. The promising results presented here support the need for future dietary interventions aimed at positively modulating the IME of hyperlipidemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gargari
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Deon
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Gardana
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Denina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Bowyer RCE, Jackson MA, Le Roy CI, Ni Lochlainn M, Spector TD, Dowd JB, Steves CJ. Socioeconomic Status and the Gut Microbiome: A TwinsUK Cohort Study. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E17. [PMID: 30641975 PMCID: PMC6351927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequalities in health and mortality are well established, but the biological mechanisms underlying these associations are less understood. In parallel, the gut microbiome is emerging as a potentially important determinant of human health, but little is known about its broader environmental and social determinants. We test the association between gut microbiota composition and individual- and area-level socioeconomic factors in a well-characterized twin cohort. In this study, 1672 healthy volunteers from twin registry TwinsUK had data available for at least one socioeconomic measure, existing fecal 16S rRNA microbiota data, and all considered co-variables. Associations with socioeconomic status (SES) were robust to adjustment for known health correlates of the microbiome; conversely, these health-microbiome associations partially attenuated with adjustment for SES. Twins discordant for IMD (Index of Multiple Deprivation) were shown to significantly differ by measures of compositional dissimilarity, with suggestion the greater the difference in twin pair IMD, the greater the dissimilarity of their microbiota. Future research should explore how SES might influence the composition of the gut microbiota and its potential role as a mediator of differences associated with SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C E Bowyer
- The Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Matthew A Jackson
- The Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Caroline I Le Roy
- The Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Mary Ni Lochlainn
- The Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
- Clinical Age Research Unit, Kings College Hospital Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Tim D Spector
- The Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Jennifer B Dowd
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's Building, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Claire J Steves
- The Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
- Department of Ageing and Health, St Thomas' Hospital, 9th floor, North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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64
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The vermiform appendix: an immunological organ sustaining a microbiome inoculum. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1-8. [PMID: 30606811 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hominoid vermiform appendix has been characterized as a diverticulum of the caecum and describes an entity at the juxtaposition of the colon in the confluence of tanias. The independent development of the lymphoid follicle centres of the appendix is progressed at birth in the presence of the intestinal commensal microbiome, an obligatory prompt for the diversification of intestinal and extra-intestinal mucosal immunological tissue. In the vermiform appendix, this activity is centred on further developing the inventory of primary antibodies and the maturation of T- and B-lymphocyte cells in the follicles within the lymphoid tissue. Furthermore, the columnar epithelia, enterocytes and goblet cells comprise the complement of cells that occupy the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae of the vermiform appendix's mucosa, while macrophages and an abundance of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G generating plasma cells seed the lamina propria Intraepithelial immune cells consisting predominantly of specific CD8+ T regulatory lymphocytes occupy sites in the appendix analogous to those present in the intestinal epithelia of the caecal colon. The complement of bacterial genera concealed in the vermiform appendix is posited extant as a biofilm inoculum of the intestinal commensal microbiome. This facilitates re-inoculation of the proximal colon and to a lesser degree the terminal ilium post an intestinal perturbation such as occurs with daily lifestyle stressors, dietary choices and the short-term administration of antibiotics rather than an infectious fulminant colitis. A plausible appreciation results of the importance of multiple immunological aspects of a healthy vermiform appendix and the provision of a commensal biofilm to the gut that repairs a dysbiotic microbiome contributing to balancing intestinal pro- and anti-inflammatory activity for maintaining homeostasis in the gut. Since the composition of the gut microbiome can vary over the short-term and long-term, it is plausible that the appendix inoculum may be instrumental in maintaining the intestinal microbiome.
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65
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Predicting the associations between microbes and diseases by integrating multiple data sources and path-based HeteSim scores. Neurocomputing 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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66
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Hod K, Dekel R, Aviv Cohen N, Sperber A, Ron Y, Boaz M, Berliner S, Maharshak N. The effect of a multispecies probiotic on microbiota composition in a clinical trial of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13456. [PMID: 30136337 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although probiotics are increasingly used in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), their mechanism of action has not been elucidated sufficiently. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a multispecies probiotic on enteric microbiota composition in women with diarrhea-predominant-IBS (IBS-D) and to determine whether these effects are associated with changes in IBS symptoms or inflammatory markers. METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Rome III IBS-D women completed a two-week run-in period and eligible women were assigned at random to a probiotic capsule (BIO-25) or an indistinguishable placebo, twice daily for 8 weeks. IBS symptoms and stool consistency were rated daily by visual analogue scales and the Bristol stool scale. High sensitivity C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin and microbial composition were tested at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks. Microbial sequencing of the 16S rRNA was performed and data were analyzed to compare patients who responded to treatment with those who did not. KEY RESULTS 172 IBS-D patients were recruited and 107 eligible patients were allocated to the intervention (n = 54) or placebo (n = 53) group. Compared to placebo, BIO-25 did not result in changes in microbial diversity or taxa proportions, except for higher relative proportions of Lactobacillus in the BIO-25 group (P = 0.002). Symptomatic responders to BIO-25 showed a reduction in the proportion of Bilophila(P = 0.003) posttreatment. Patients with beneficial inflammatory-marker changes had higher baseline proportions of Faecalibacterium(P = 0.03), Leuconostoc (P = 0.03), and Odoribacter (P = 0.05) compared to corresponding non-responders. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Identifying patients with a more amenable microbiome at treatment initiation may result in better treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Hod
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Research Division, Epidemiology Service, Assuta Medical Centers, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Dekel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Isreal
| | - Nathaniel Aviv Cohen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Isreal
| | - Ami Sperber
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yishai Ron
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Isreal
| | - Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Shlomo Berliner
- Department of Medicine E, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Isreal
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The trillions of microbes collectively referred to as the human microbiota, inhabit the human body and establish a beneficial relationship with the host. It is clear however that dysbiosis impacting microbial diversity in the gut, may lead to development of inflammatory and malignant gastrointestinal diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). We provide a literature review of the recent influx of information related to the alterations in gut microbiota composition that influences CRC incidence and progression. Recent Findings A growing body of evidence implicates altered gut microbiota in the development of CRC. Profiles of CRC associated microbiota have been shown to differ from those in healthy subjects and bacterial phylotypes vary depending on the primary tumor location. The compositional variation in the microbial profile is not restricted to cancerous tissue however and is different between cancers of the proximal and distal colons, respectively. More recently, studies have shed light on the "driver-passenger" model for CRC wherein, driver bacteria cause inflammation, increased cell proliferation and production of genotoxic substances to contribute towards mutational acquisition associated with adenoma-carcinoma sequence. These changes facilitate gradual replacement of driver bacteria by passengers that either promote or suppress tumor progression. Significant advances have also been made in associating individual bacterial species to consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) of CRC and this remarkable development is expected to galvanize scientific community into advancing therapeutic strategies for CRC. Summary Increasing evidence suggests a link between the intestinal microbiota and CRC development although the mechanisms through which the bacterial constituents of the microbiome contribute towards CRC are complex and yet to be fully fathomed. Thus, more exhaustive and mechanistic studies are needed to identify key interactions amongst diet, microbial community and metabolites that help facilitate the adenoma-carcinoma sequence evolution in CRC. It is expected that development of therapeutics based on microbial association with CMS will likely facilitate the translation of molecular subtypes into the clinic for CRCs and potentially other malignancies.
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Hendler R, Zhang Y. Probiotics in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E101. [PMID: 30205429 PMCID: PMC6164107 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome plays many roles in inflammation, drug metabolism, and even the development of cancer that we are only beginning to understand. Colorectal cancer has been a focus for study in this field as its pathogenesis and its response to treatment have both been linked to the functioning of microbiota. This literature review evaluates the animal and human studies that have explored this relationship. By manipulating the microbiome with interventions such as probiotic administration, we may be able to reduce colorectal cancer risk and improve the safety and effectiveness of cancer therapy even though additional clinical research is still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hendler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794, USA.
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69
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Yu LCH, Wei SC, Ni YH. Impact of microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis: lessons from experimental models. Intest Res 2018; 16:346-357. [PMID: 30090033 PMCID: PMC6077307 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) growth was first suggested in germ-free rats almost 50 years ago, and the existence of disease-associated bacteria (termed pathobionts) had becoming increasingly evident from experimental data of fecal transplantation, and microbial gavage or monoassociation. Altered bacterial compositions in fecal and mucosal specimens were observed in CRC patients compared to healthy subjects. Microbial fluctuations were found at various cancer stages; an increase of bacterial diversity was noted in the adenoma specimens, while a reduction of bacterial richness was documented in CRC samples. The bacterial species enriched in the human cancerous tissues included Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis. The causal relationship of gut bacteria in tumorigenesis was established by introducing particular bacterial strains in in situ mouse CRC models. Detailed experimental protocols of bacterial gavage and the advantages and caveats of different experimental models are summarized in this review. The microbial genotoxins, enterotoxins, and virulence factors implicated in the mechanisms of bacteria-driven tumorigenesis are described. In conclusion, intestinal microbiota is involved in colon tumorigenesis. Bacteria-targeting intervention would be the next challenge for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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70
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Liu J, An N, Ma C, Li X, Zhang J, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Li J. Correlation analysis of intestinal flora with hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2325-2330. [PMID: 30210587 PMCID: PMC6122545 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship between intestinal flora content and hypertension was investigated. Ninety-four patients with hypertension who were admitted and treated in No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry from May 2016 to April 2017 were selected as the observation group; and 94 healthy people from the physical examination center of No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry in the same time period were selected as the control group. The systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of all the participants were measured. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the quantities of Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bifidobacterium in the intestines, and correlation analyses were performed. The SBP, DBP and content of Eubacterium rectale in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the contents of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bifidobacterium were obviously lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that Eubacterium rectale was positively correlated with SBP and DBP, while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bifidobacterium had a negative correlation with SBP and DBP (P<0.05). The results showed that the quantities of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are decreased while the number of Eubacterium rectale is increased in the intestines of patients with hypertension. Moreover, the content of intestinal flora has a significant correlation with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Ning An
- Department of Cardiology, Xingyuan Hospital of Yulin City, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, No. 5 Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710082, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Baoji City, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Dongguan Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
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Barr T, Sureshchandra S, Ruegger P, Zhang J, Ma W, Borneman J, Grant K, Messaoudi I. Concurrent gut transcriptome and microbiota profiling following chronic ethanol consumption in nonhuman primates. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:338-356. [PMID: 29517944 PMCID: PMC6219653 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1441663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) results in increased intestinal permeability, nutrient malabsorption, and increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these morbidities remains limited because studies to date have relied almost exclusively on short-term heavy/binge drinking rodent models and colonic biopsies/fecal samples collected from AUD subjects with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Consequently, the dose- and site-dependent impact of chronic alcohol consumption in the absence of overt liver disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we addressed this knowledge gap using a nonhuman primate model of voluntary ethanol self-administration where rhesus macaques consume varying amounts of 4% ethanol in water for 12 months. Specifically, we performed RNA-Seq and 16S rRNA gene sequencing on duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon biopsies collected from 4 controls and 8 ethanol-consuming male macaques. Our analysis revealed that chronic ethanol consumption leads to changes in the expression of genes involved in protein trafficking, metabolism, inflammation, and CRC development. Additionally, we observed differences in the relative abundance of putatively beneficial bacteria as well as those associated with inflammation and CRC. Given that the animals studied in this manuscript did not exhibit signs of ALD or CRC, our data suggest that alterations in gene expression and bacterial communities precede clinical disease and could serve as biomarkers as well as facilitate future studies aimed at developing interventions to restore gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Barr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paul Ruegger
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- Department of Statistics, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Grant
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Amitay EL, Krilaviciute A, Brenner H. Systematic review: Gut microbiota in fecal samples and detection of colorectal neoplasms. Gut Microbes 2018; 9. [PMID: 29543545 PMCID: PMC6219654 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1445957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota may be associated with CRC. This systematic review focuses on differences in gut microbial community between people diagnosed with CRC or adenoma and healthy individuals using fecal samples, emphasizing non-invasive fecal microbiome models for CRC early diagnosis. Nineteen studies were identified in a systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. Several bacteria were reported to differ in abundance between CRC and adenoma cases and healthy controls, with Fusobacterium the most common. Fecal multi-bacterial predictive models used to distinguish CRC patients from healthy controls had reported areas under the receiver operating curve (AUCs) in external validation populations of 0.68-0.77. Though advanced sequencing techniques could in the future complement current non-invasive methods for CRC early detection, more studies with high statistical power, comparable and reproducible methods and external validation of predictive models are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat L. Amitay
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,CONTACT Efrat L. Amitay, MPH, PhD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agne Krilaviciute
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Crosstalk between gut microbiota and Sirtuin-3 in colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 29650970 PMCID: PMC5938040 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-017-0002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease involving a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) is expressed at a low level in cancer tissues of CRC, but it is unclear how Sirt3 modulates colonic tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that gut microbiota play a central role in the resistance to CRC tumor formation in wild-type (WT) mice through APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli)-mutant mouse microbiota transfer via Wnt signaling. We also found that Sirt3-deficient mice were hypersusceptible to colonic inflammation and tumor development through altered intestinal integrity and p38 signaling, respectively. Furthermore, susceptibility to colorectal tumorigenesis was aggravated by initial commensal microbiota deletion via Wnt signaling. Mice with Sirt3-deficient microbiota transfer followed by chemically induced colon tumorigenesis had low Sirt3 expression compared to WT control microbiome transfer, mainly due to a decrease in Escherichia/Shigella, as well as an increase in Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus taiwanensis. Collectively, our data revealed that Sirt3 is an anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressing gene that interacts with the gut microbiota during colon tumorigenesis. Boosting specific beneficial bacteria in the gut may enhance expression levels of a tumor-suppressing gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). Both genetic factors and the bacteria present in the gut play vital roles in CRC development. However, it is unclear exactly how genes interact with the bacteria to affect tumor growth. Man-tian Mi and co-workers at the Third Military Medical University in Chongqing, China, examined the role of a gene called Sirt-3 in CRC development. Mice lacking the Sirt-3 gene suffered severe chronic inflammation and developed tumors due to altered signalling pathways and reduced intestinal integrity. Further, the guts of the mice harboured more pathogenic bacteria than wild-type mice. The team also found lower levels of two key types of beneficial bacteria that would ordinarily prevent reduced Sirt-3 expression.
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Wang X, Wang W, Gao Q, Wang X, Lei C, Zhu F. Chrysomya megacephala larvae feeding favourably influences manure microbiome, heavy metal stability and greenhouse gas emissions. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [PMID: 29536673 PMCID: PMC5902325 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysomya megacephala is a saprophagous fly whose larvae can compost manure and yield biomass and bio‐fertilizer simultaneously. However, there are concerns for the safety of the composting system, that is risk of diseases spread by way of manure pathogens, residue of harmful metals and emission of greenhouse gases. Microbiota analysis and heavy metal speciation by European Communities Bureau of Reference were evaluated in raw, C. megacephala‐composted and natural stacked swine manure to survey pathogenic bacterial changes and mobility of lead and cadmium in manure after C. megacephala feeding; the emission rate of CH4 and N2O from manure during C. megacephala composting and natural stacking was also measured. C. megacephala composting altered manure microbiota, reduced the risk of pathogenic bacteria and maintained the stability, and microbiota changes might be associated with heavy metal fractions, especially in Pseudomonas and Prevotella. In addition, C. megacephala‐composting significantly reduced the emission rate of CH4 and N2O in comparing with natural stacking situation and the first two days should be the crucial period for CH4 and N2O emission measurement for manure treatment by C. megacephala. Moreover, OTU26 and Betaproteobacteria were changed after C. megacephala composting which might play a role in emission of CH4 and N2O, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanqiang Wang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiao Gao
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion by Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Borgo F, Garbossa S, Riva A, Severgnini M, Luigiano C, Benetti A, Pontiroli AE, Morace G, Borghi E. Body Mass Index and Sex Affect Diverse Microbial Niches within the Gut. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:213. [PMID: 29491857 PMCID: PMC5817072 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is considered a separate organ with endocrine capabilities, actively contributing to tissue homeostasis. It consists of at least two separate microbial populations, the lumen-associated (LAM) and the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM). In the present study, we compared LAM and MAM, by collecting stools and sigmoid brush samples of forty adults without large-bowel symptoms, and through a 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. MAM sample analysis revealed enrichment in aerotolerant Proteobacteria, probably selected by a gradient of oxygen that decreases from tissue to lumen, and in Streptococcus and Clostridium spp., highly fermenting bacteria. On the other hand, LAM microbiota showed an increased abundance in Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Oscillospira, genera able to digest and to degrade biopolymers in the large intestine. Predicted metagenomic analysis showed LAM to be enriched in genes encoding enzymes mostly involved in energy extraction from carbohydrates and lipids, whereas MAM in amino acid and vitamin metabolism. Moreover, LAM and MAM communities seemed to be influenced by different host factors, such as diet and sex. LAM is affected by body mass index (BMI) status. Indeed, BMI negatively correlates with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Flavonifractor plautii abundance, putative biomarkers of healthy status. In contrast, MAM microbial population showed a significant grouping according to sex. Female MAM was enriched in Actinobacteria (with an increased trend of the genus Bifidobacterium), and a significant depletion in Veillonellaceae. Interestingly, we found the species Gemmiger formicilis to be associated with male and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, with female MAM samples. In conclusion, our results suggest that gut harbors microbial niches that differ in both composition and host factor susceptibility, and their richness and diversity may be overlooked evaluating only fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borgo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Riva
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology", University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio E Pontiroli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Morace
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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76
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Zhang Y, Kang C, Wang XL, Zhou M, Chen MT, Zhu XH, Liu K, Wang B, Zhang QY, Zhu JD, Mi MT. Dietary Factors Modulate Colonic Tumorigenesis Through the Interaction of Gut Microbiota and Host Chloride Channels. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Chao Kang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Xiao-lan Wang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Meng-ting Chen
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Xiao-hui Zhu
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Qian-yong Zhang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Jun-dong Zhu
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Man-tian Mi
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
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Dubrovsky A, Kitts CL. Effect of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet on the Microbiome of a Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Ulcerative Colitis Patient. Cureus 2018; 10:e2177. [PMID: 29651370 PMCID: PMC5890963 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 20-year-old female was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) at age 14 and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) at age 16. The PSC was successfully treated with high doses of oral vancomycin; however, the UC was more difficult to manage. After many drug treatments failed to treat the UC, the patient began following the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD). This report documents fecal microbiome changes resulting from following the SCD for two weeks. The DNA extracted from fecal samples was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to quantify bacterial species abundance. Not only were substantial changes in the fecal bacterial composition detectable within two weeks, but all UC symptoms were also controlled as early as one week following the start of the diet. The patient's fecal microbiota was dramatically different from those of three healthy control subjects and showed remarkable loss of bacterial diversity in terms of species richness, evenness, and overall diversity measures. Other specific changes in bacterial composition included an increase in Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia and Enterobacter species. A two- to three-fold decrease was observed in the prevalence of the most dominant fecal bacterial species, Fusobacterium ulcerans, after two weeks on the SCD. Overall species diversity and evenness increased to levels near the controls, although species richness remained low. These findings provide information on the fecal bacteria from a patient with PSC and UC, following prolonged oral vancomycin treatment, and identifies a potentially specific microbial effect for the SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher L Kitts
- Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
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78
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Hussan H, Clinton SK, Roberts K, Bailey MT. Fusobacterium's link to colorectal neoplasia sequenced: A systematic review and future insights. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8626-8650. [PMID: 29358871 PMCID: PMC5752723 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To critically evaluate previous scientific evidence on Fusobacterium's role in colorectal neoplasia development. METHODS Two independent investigators systematically reviewed all original scientific articles published between January, 2000, and July, 2017, using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. A total of 355 articles were screened at the abstract level. Of these, only original scientific human, animal, and in vitro studies investigating Fusobacterium and its relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) were included in the analysis. Abstracts, review articles, studies investigating other colonic diseases, and studies written in other languages than English were excluded from our analysis. Ninety articles were included after removing duplicates, resolving disagreements between the two reviewers, and applying the above criteria. RESULTS Studies have consistently identified positive associations between Fusobacterium, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), and CRC. Stronger associations were seen in CRCs proximal to the splenic flexure and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-high CRCs. There was evidence of temporality and a biological gradient, with increased F. nucleatum DNA detection and quantity along the traditional adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in CIMP-high CRC precursors. Diet may have a differential impact on colonic F. nucleatum enrichment; evidence suggests that high fiber diet may reduce the risk of a subset of CRCs that are F. nucleatum DNA-positive. Data also suggest shorter CRC and disease-specific survival with increased amount of F. nucleatum DNA in CRC tissue. The pathophysiology of enrichment of F. nucleatum and other Fusobacterium species in colonic tissue is unclear; however, the virulence factors and changes to the local colonic environment with disruption of the protective mucus layer may contribute. The presence of a host lectin (Gal-GalNAc) in the colonic epithelium may also mediate F. nucleatum attachment to CRC and precursors through interaction with an F. nucleatum protein, fibroblast activation protein 2 (FAP2). The clinical significance of detection or enrichment of Fusobacterium in colorectal neoplasia is ambiguous, but data suggest a procarcinogenic effect of F. nucleatum, likely due to activation of oncogenic and inflammatory pathways and modulation of the tumor immune environment. This is hypothesized to be mediated by certain F. nucleatum strains carrying invasive properties and virulence factors such as FadA and FAP. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests a potential active role of Fusobacterium, specifically F. nucleatum, in CRC. Future prospective and experimental human studies would fill an important gap in this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Hussan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Kristen Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, OSU College of Medicine And Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States
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79
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Stadlbauer V, Horvath A, Ribitsch W, Schmerböck B, Schilcher G, Lemesch S, Stiegler P, Rosenkranz AR, Fickert P, Leber B. Structural and functional differences in gut microbiome composition in patients undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15601. [PMID: 29142271 PMCID: PMC5688134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Complications of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are critically related to inflammation. The gut microbiome is a key driver of inflammation. Since dialysis modalities may differently influence the gut microbiome, we aimed to compare the effects of haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) on patients' gut microbiome composition and function. We therefore studied faecal microbiome composition and function as well as inflammation and gut permeability in 30 patients with ESRD (15 HD, 15 PD) and compared to 21 healthy controls. We found an increase in potentially pathogenic species and a decrease in beneficial species in patients on HD and to a lesser extend in patients on PD when compared to controls. These changes in taxonomic composition also resulted in differences in predicted metagenome functions of the faecal microbiome. In HD but not in PD, changes in microbiome composition were associated with an increase in c-reactive protein (CRP) but not with intestinal inflammation or gut permeability. In conclusion microbiome composition in ESRD differs from healthy controls but also between modes of dialysis. These differences are associated with systemic inflammation and cannot completely be explained by dialysis vintage. The mode of renal replacement therapy seems to be an important driver of dysbiosis in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Angela Horvath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Ribitsch
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bianca Schmerböck
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Schilcher
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Lemesch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R Rosenkranz
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Fickert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Leber
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
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80
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Chen J, Pitmon E, Wang K. Microbiome, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:43-53. [PMID: 28982615 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to the development of multiple cancers, including those of the colon. Inflammation in the gut induces carcinogenic mutagenesis and promotes colorectal cancer initiation. Additionally, myeloid and lymphoid cells infiltrate established tumors and propagate so called "tumor-elicited inflammation", which in turn favors cancer development by supporting the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition to the interaction between cancer cells and tumor infiltrating immune cells, the gut also hosts trillions of bacteria and other microbes, whose roles in colorectal inflammation and cancer have only been appreciated in the past decade or so. Commensal and pathobiotic bacteria promote colorectal cancer development by exploiting tumor surface barrier defects following cancer initiation, by invading normal colonic tissue and inducing local inflammation, and by generating genotoxicity against colonic epithelial cells to accelerate their oncogenic transformation. On the other hand, a balanced population of microbiota is important for the prevention of colorectal cancer due to their roles in providing certain bacterial metabolites and inhibiting intestinal inflammation. In this review we summarize our current knowledge regarding the link between microbiota, inflammation, and colorectal cancer, and aim to delineate the mechanisms by which gut microbiome and inflammatory cytokines regulate colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, United States
| | - Elise Pitmon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, United States
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, United States.
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Impact of Enterobius vermicularis infection and mebendazole treatment on intestinal microbiota and host immune response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005963. [PMID: 28945752 PMCID: PMC5629029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies on the association of enterobiasis and chronic inflammatory diseases have revealed contradictory results. The interaction of Enterobius vermicularis infection in particular with gut microbiota and induced immune responses has never been thoroughly examined. Methodology/Findings In order to answer the question of whether exposure to pinworm and mebendazole can shift the intestinal microbial composition and immune responses, we recruited 109 (30 pinworm-negative, 79 pinworm-infected) first and fourth grade primary school children in Taichung, Taiwan, for a gut microbiome study and an intestinal cytokine and SIgA analysis. In the pinworm-infected individuals, fecal samples were collected again at 2 weeks after administration of 100 mg mebendazole. Gut microbiota diversity increased after Enterobius infection, and it peaked after administration of mebendazole. At the phylum level, pinworm infection and mebendazole deworming were associated with a decreased relative abundance of Fusobacteria and an increased proportion of Actinobacteria. At the genus level, the relative abundance of the probiotic Bifidobacterium increased after enterobiasis and mebendazole treatment. The intestinal SIgA level was found to be lower in the pinworm-infected group, and was elevated in half of the mebendazole-treated group. A higher proportion of pre-treatment Salmonella spp. was associated with a non-increase in SIgA after mebendazole deworming treatment. Conclusions/Significance Childhood exposure to pinworm plus mebendazole is associated with increased bacterial diversity, an increased abundance of Actinobacteria including the probiotic Bifidobacterium, and a decreased proportion of Fusobacteria. The gut SIgA level was lower in the pinworm-infected group, and was increased in half of the individuals after mebendazole deworming treatment. Whether human pinworm infection plus mebendazole deworming treatment can shift intestinal microbiota to a composition that is beneficial to the host and influence their mucosal immune response is currently unclear. In a cohort of 109 primary school children, we discovered that Enterobius vermicularis infection is associated with increased intestinal microbial diversity, a lowered relative abundance of Fusobacteria and an enriched proportion of Actinobacteria, including the probiotic Bifidobacterium. Mebendazole deworming was found to be correlated with a further increase in bacterial diversity. However, lower gut SIgA levels were detected in the pinworm infected group, and they were increased in only half of the subjects after mebendazole treatment.
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Mima K, Ogino S, Nakagawa S, Sawayama H, Kinoshita K, Krashima R, Ishimoto T, Imai K, Iwatsuki M, Hashimoto D, Baba Y, Sakamoto Y, Yamashita YI, Yoshida N, Chikamoto A, Ishiko T, Baba H. The role of intestinal bacteria in the development and progression of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:368-376. [PMID: 29113654 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 trillion microorganisms inhabit the human intestinal tract and play important roles in health conditions and diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that specific bacteria and bacterial dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract can potentiate the development and progression of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms by damaging DNA, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, producing tumor-promoting metabolites such as secondary bile acids, and suppressing antitumor immunity. Other bacterial species have been shown to produce short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate, which can suppress inflammation and carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. Consistent with these lines of evidence, clinical studies using metagenomic analyses have shown associations of specific bacteria and bacterial dysbiosis with gastrointestinal tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Emerging data demonstrate that intestinal bacteria can modulate the efficacy of cancer chemotherapies and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-CD274 therapies, the process of absorption, and the occurrence of complications after gastrointestinal surgery. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influence tumor development and progression in the intestine would provide opportunities to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers by targeting the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Krashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ishiko
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Zaza G, Dalla Gassa A, Felis G, Granata S, Torriani S, Lupo A. Impact of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy on the fecal microbiome of renal transplant recipients: Comparison between an everolimus- and a standard tacrolimus-based regimen. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178228. [PMID: 28542523 PMCID: PMC5443527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is the full set of microbes living in the gastrointestinal tract and is emerging as an important dynamic/fluid system that, if altered by environmental, dietetic or pharmacological factors, could considerably influence drug response. However, the immunosuppressive drug-induced modifications of this system are still poorly defined. METHODS We employed an innovative bioinformatics approach to assess differences in the whole-gut microbial metagenomic profile of 20 renal transplant recipients undergoing maintenance treatment with two different immunosuppressive protocols. Nine patients were treated with everolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil (EVE+MMF group), and 11 patients were treated with a standard therapy with tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil (TAC+MMF group). RESULTS A statistical analysis of comparative high-throughput data demonstrated that although similar according to the degree of Shannon diversity (alpha diversity) at the taxonomic level, three functional genes clearly discriminated EVE+MMF versus TAC+MMF (cutoff: log2 fold change≥1, FDR≤0.05). Flagellar motor switch protein (fliNY) and type IV pilus assembly protein pilM (pilM) were significantly enriched in TAC+MMF-treated patients, while macrolide transport system mrsA (msrA) was more abundant in patients treated with EVE+MMF. Finally, PERMANOVA revealed that among the variables analyzed and included in our model, only the consumption of sugar significantly influenced beta diversity. CONCLUSIONS Our study, although performed on a relatively small number of patients, showed, for the first time, specific immunosuppressive-related effects on fecal microbiome of renal transplant recipients and it suggested that the analysis of the gut microbes community could represent a new tool to better understand the effects of drugs currently employed in organ transplantations. However, multicenter studies including healthy controls should be undertaken to better address this objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Giovanna Felis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sandra Torriani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Characterizing the endometrial microbiome by analyzing the ultra-low bacteria from embryo transfer catheter tips in IVF cycles: Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of the 16S ribosomal gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humic.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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85
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Differences in gut microbiota profile between women with active lifestyle and sedentary women. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171352. [PMID: 28187199 PMCID: PMC5302835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a tool to prevent and treat some of the chronic diseases affecting the world’s population. A mechanism through which exercise could exert beneficial effects in the body is by provoking alterations to the gut microbiota, an environmental factor that in recent years has been associated with numerous chronic diseases. Here we show that physical exercise performed by women to at least the degree recommended by the World Health Organization can modify the composition of gut microbiota. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene, eleven genera were found to be significantly different between active and sedentary women. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed higher abundance of health-promoting bacterial species in active women, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Akkermansia muciniphila. Moreover, body fat percentage, muscular mass and physical activity significantly correlated with several bacterial populations. In summary, we provide the first demonstration of interdependence between some bacterial genera and sedentary behavior parameters, and show that not only does the dose and type of exercise influence the composition of gut microbiota, but also the breaking of sedentary behavior.
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Lee KE, Moon CM, Yoon HJ, Kim BS, Chang JY, Son HM, Ryu MS, Kim SE, Shim KN, Jung HK, Jung SA. Background Colonic 18F-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Uptake on Positron Emission Tomography Is Associated with the Presence of Colorectal Adenoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160886. [PMID: 27509022 PMCID: PMC4979890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan is used to evaluate various kinds of tumors. While most studies on PET findings of the colon focus on the colonic uptake pattern, studies regarding background colonic uptake on PET scan are rare. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between the background colonic uptake and the presence of colorectal adenoma (CRA), which is a frequent precancerous lesion. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 241 patients with gynecologic malignancy who had received PET or PET/computed tomography (CT) scan and colonoscopy at the same period as a baseline evaluation. Background colonic 18F-FDG uptake was visually graded and the maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of 7 different bowel segments were averaged. In univariate analysis, older age at diagnosis (≥ 50 years, p = 0.034), overweight (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m², p = 0.010), hypercholesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dL, p = 0.027), and high grade background colonic uptake (p = 0.009) were positively associated with the prevalence of CRA. By multiple logistic regression, high grade background colonic uptake was independently predictive of CRA (odds ratio = 2.25, p = 0.021). The proportion of CRA patients significantly increased as background colonic uptake grade increased from 1 to 4 (trend p = 0.015). Out of the 138 patients who underwent PET/CT, the proportion of CRA patients in the group with high SUVmax (> 2.25) was significantly higher than in the low SUVmax group (27.5% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.031). In conclusion, high grade of background colonic 18F-FDG uptake is significantly associated with the prevalence of CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CMM); (BSK)
| | - Hai-Jeon Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CMM); (BSK)
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Moon Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Nam Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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87
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Verma M. Mechanistic and Technical Challenges in Studying the Human Microbiome and Cancer Epidemiology. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 16:150-158. [PMID: 27121074 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616645219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the significance of the microbiome in cancer epidemiology, mechanistic and technical challenges in the field, and characterization of the microbiome in different tumor types to identify biomarkers of risk, progression, and prognosis. Publications on the microbiome and cancer epidemiology were reviewed to analyze sample collection and processing, microbiome taxa characterization by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and microbiome metabolite characterization (metabotyping) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The analysis identified methodology types, research design, sample types, and issues in integrating data from different platforms. Aerodigestive cancer epidemiology studies conducted by different groups demonstrated the significance of microbiome information in developing approaches to improve health. Challenges exist in sample preparation and processing (eg, standardization of methods for collection and analysis). These challenges relate to technology, data integration from "omics" studies, inherent bias in primer selection during 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, the need for large consortia with well-characterized biospecimens, cause and effect issues, resilience of microbiota to exposure events (requires longitudinal studies), and expanding studies for fungal and viral diversity (most studies used bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing for microbiota characterization). Despite these challenges, microbiome and cancer epidemiology studies are significant and may facilitate cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis. In the future, clinical trials likely will use microbiota modifications to improve the efficacy of existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- 1 Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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88
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Crosstalk between microbiota, pathogens and the innate immune responses. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:257-265. [PMID: 26996809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in the last decade has convincingly demonstrated that the microbiota is crucial in order to prime and orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses of their host and influence barrier function as well as multiple developmental and metabolic parameters of the host. Reciprocally, host reactions and immune responses instruct the composition of the microbiota. This review summarizes recent evidence from experimental and human studies which supports these arms of mutual relationship and crosstalk between host and resident microbiota, with a focus on innate immune responses in the gut, the role of cell death pathways and antimicrobial peptides. We also provide some recent examples on how dysbiosis and pathogens can act in concert to promote intestinal infection, inflammatory pathologies and cancer. The future perspectives of these combined research efforts include the discovery of protective species within the microbiota and specific traits and factors of microbes that weaken or enforce host intestinal homeostasis.
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89
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Ambalam P, Raman M, Purama RK, Doble M. Probiotics, prebiotics and colorectal cancer prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:119-31. [PMID: 27048903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third major cause of mortality among various cancer types in United States, has been increasing in developing countries due to varying diet and dietary habits and occupational hazards. Recent evidences showed that composition of gut microbiota could be associated with the development of CRC and other gut dysbiosis. Modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics and prebiotics, either alone or in combination could positively influence the cross-talk between immune system and microbiota, would be beneficial in preventing inflammation and CRC. In this review, role of probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention of CRC has been discussed. Various epidemiological and experimental studies, specifically gut microbiome research has effectively improved the understanding about the role of probiotics and microbial treatment as anticarcinogenic agents. A few human studies support the beneficial effect of probiotics and prebiotics; hence, comprehensive understanding is urgent to realize the clinical applications of probiotics and prebiotics in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Ambalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Christ College, Rajkot, India.
| | - Maya Raman
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Ravi Kiran Purama
- School of Biotechnology, Chemical Building, East Campus, NIT Calicut, Calicut, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
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