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Martini D, Marino M, Angelino D, Del Bo' C, Del Rio D, Riso P, Porrini M. Role of berries in vascular function: a systematic review of human intervention studies. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:189-206. [PMID: 31365093 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Berries are a source of polyphenols with recognized health-promoting activities. Several studies suggest that consumption of berries may improve vascular function. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to provide evidence of short- and long-term benefits of berries on outcomes of vascular function. DATA SOURCES Human intervention studies were collected from PubMed and Scopus databases. STUDY SELECTION Studies were eligible if they investigated the effects of acute or chronic berry consumption on one or more markers of vascular function in humans and provided a characterization of the berry polyphenolic content. Only randomized controlled trials were included, and studies were excluded if berries were combined with other foods. DATA EXTRACTION After selection, 22 randomized controlled trials were included and analyzed, most of which were performed in healthy individuals or patients with cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS The overall results seem to suggest a protective role of berries in vascular function, likely dependent on the time of exposure, the type and dose of berry, and the biomarkers analyzed. Flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia index (markers of vascular reactivity) improved following short-term interventions, while pulse wave velocity and augmentation index (markers of arterial stiffness) improved only after medium- to long-term intervention. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that berries, at physiological relevant doses, may have a role in the modulation of vascular function and stiffness. High-quality human intervention trials are encouraged in order to strengthen these findings and to better elucidate the mechanisms involved in such modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martini
- D. Martini, D. Angelino, and D. Del Rio are with the Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mirko Marino
- M. Marino, C. Del Bo', P. Riso, and M. Porrini are with the Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- D. Martini, D. Angelino, and D. Del Rio are with the Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- M. Marino, C. Del Bo', P. Riso, and M. Porrini are with the Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- D. Martini, D. Angelino, and D. Del Rio are with the Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- M. Marino, C. Del Bo', P. Riso, and M. Porrini are with the Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- M. Marino, C. Del Bo', P. Riso, and M. Porrini are with the Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Ho KKHY, Ferruzzi MG, Wightman JD. Potential health benefits of (poly)phenols derived from fruit and 100% fruit juice. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:145-174. [PMID: 31532485 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(Poly)phenol-rich diets have been associated with reduced risk of various diseases. Coffee and tea are typically identified as dietary sources of chlorogenic acid and flavan-3-ols; however, 100% fruit juice greatly contributes to anthocyanin, flavonol, flavan-3-ols, and flavanone intake, making them complementary sources of dietary (poly)phenols. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview of fruit (poly)phenols and their potential health benefits. Fruit (poly)phenols have been associated with several health benefits (eg, reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive benefits). Although perspectives on 100% fruit juice consumption are controversial due to the perception of sugar content, growing evidence supports the role of fruit in whole and 100% juice forms to provide consumer benefits in alignment with dietary guidance. However, differences in (poly)phenol profiles and bioavailability likely exist between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice due to processing and the presence/absence of fiber. Ongoing studies are better defining similarities and differences between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice to elucidate protective mechanisms and align with processing and consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie K H Y Ho
- Kacie K.H.Y. Ho is with the Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Mario G. Ferruzzi is with the Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - JoLynne D Wightman
- JoLynne D. Wightman is with Welch Foods Inc, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
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Yamashita Y, Wang L, Nakamura A, Nanba F, Saito S, Toda T, Nakagawa J, Ashida H. Black soybean improves the vascular function through an increase in nitric oxide and a decrease in oxidative stress in healthy women. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 688:108408. [PMID: 32470460 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction and injurious stimuli such as oxidative stress is closely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dietary polyphenols is reported to exert the beneficial effects on reducing the risk of CVD. Black soybean is rich in polyphenols, including isoflavones, anthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols, and its prevention effects on CVD risk were reported in the animal experiments. In this study, we investigated the effect of black soybean consumption on the vascular function and oxidative stress associating with the polyphenol concentrations in healthy women. Lowered vascular age was observed in 33 out of 44 volunteers who completed the 8-week trial. It was observed that improvement of the vascular stiffness, increasing in the urinary NO2 and NO3 level, and decreasing in the oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, hexanoyl-lysine and myeloperoxidase. In addition, concentration of 12 polyphenols in black soybean increased in the plasma and urine. Increased concentration of polyphenols would be involved in the decreased oxidative stress. Thus, black soybean consumption improved the vascular function through an increase in nitric oxide and a decrease in oxidative stress accompanied by increasing the polyphenol concentrations in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Liuqing Wang
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Nakamura
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Fumio Nanba
- Fujicco Co. Ltd, Research Development, 6-13-4, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-8558, Japan
| | - Shizuka Saito
- Fujicco Co. Ltd, Research Development, 6-13-4, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiya Toda
- Fujicco Co. Ltd, Research Development, 6-13-4, Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-8558, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakagawa
- Nakagawa Clinic, 3-15-4, Higashisonoda-cho, Amagasaki, 661-0953, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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54
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Rambaran TF, Bergman J, Nordström P, Nordström A. Effect of Berry Polyphenols on Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa100. [PMID: 32666033 PMCID: PMC7326477 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of berry polyphenols on glucose metabolism has been evaluated in several studies; however, the results are conflicting. A systematic review and meta-analysis was therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of berry polyphenol consumption on glucose metabolism in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials published by June 2019. Of the 3240 articles found, 21 met inclusion criteria. Study-specific effects were calculated as mean differences, which were pooled using fixed-effect, inverse-variance weighting. Overall, berry polyphenol consumption did not have a clear effect on biomarkers of glucose metabolism compared with placebo or no treatment. Although some analyses showed statistically significant effects, these effects were too small to be of clinical relevance. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as CRD42019130811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa F Rambaran
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Bergman
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Nordström
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway
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Wang Y, Gallegos JL, Haskell-Ramsay C, Lodge JK. Effects of chronic consumption of specific fruit (berries, citrus and cherries) on CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:615-639. [PMID: 32535781 PMCID: PMC7900084 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
This review aims to compare the magnitude of the effects of chronic consumption of fruits; specifically berries, citrus and cherries on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and psycARTICLES were searched from inception until January 2020. Forty-five chronic (≥ 1 week) randomised controlled trials assessing CVD risk factors including endothelial (dys)function, blood pressure (BP), blood lipids and inflammatory biomarkers were included. Results Investigated interventions reported improvements in endothelial function (n = 8), inflammatory biomarkers and lipid status (n = 14), and BP (n = 10). Berries including juice of barberry, cranberry, grape, pomegranate, powder of blueberry, grape, raspberry and freeze-dried strawberry significantly reduced SBP by 3.68 mmHg (95% CI − 6.79 to − 0.58; P = 0.02) and DBP by 1.52 mmHg (95% CI − 2.87 to − 0.18, P = 0.04). In subgroup analysis, these associations were limited to cranberry juice (SBP by 1.52 mmHg [95% CI − 2.97 to − 0.07; P = 0.05], DBP by 1.78 mmHg [95% CI − 3.43 to − 0.12, P = 0.04] and cherry juice (SBP by 3.11 mmHg [95% CI − 4.06 to − 2.15; P = 0.02]). Berries also significantly elevated sVCAM-1 levels by 14.57 ng/mL (85% CI 4.22 to 24.93; P = 0.02). Conclusion These findings suggest that supplementing cranberry or cherry juice might contribute to an improvement in blood pressure. No other significant improvements were observed for other specified fruits. More research is warranted comparing different classes of fruit and exploring the importance of fruit processing on their cardiovascular-protective effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02299-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wang
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, EBD223 Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jose Lara Gallegos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, EBD223 Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Crystal Haskell-Ramsay
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - John K Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, EBD223 Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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56
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Alidadi M, Jamialahmadi T, Cicero AF, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Banach M, Sahebkar A. The potential role of plant-derived natural products in improving arterial stiffness: A review of dietary intervention studies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hormoznejad R, Mohammad Shahi M, Rahim F, Helli B, Alavinejad P, Sharhani A. Combined cranberry supplementation and weight loss diet in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:991-1000. [PMID: 32237922 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1746957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial was conducted on 41 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Participants were randomly allocated to receive either a cranberry supplement or a placebo for 12 weeks. Both groups were assigned to follow a weight loss diet. At the end of the study, alanine aminotransferase and insulin decreased significantly in both groups (p < .05); however, this reduction was significantly greater in the cranberry group than in the placebo group (p < .05). Significant improvements in insulin resistance were observed in the cranberry group and between the two groups (p < .001 and p = .020, respectively). Also, there was an improvement in steatosis grade and anthropometric measurements in both groups (p < .05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to these factors (p > .05). It seems that 288 mg of cranberry extract might improve managing NAFLD, which is equivalent to 26 g of dried cranberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Hormoznejad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammad Shahi
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.,Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bijan Helli
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pezhman Alavinejad
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Imam Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Asaad Sharhani
- Department of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, School of public health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
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Sharifi-Rad J, Rodrigues CF, Sharopov F, Docea AO, Can Karaca A, Sharifi-Rad M, Kahveci Karıncaoglu D, Gülseren G, Şenol E, Demircan E, Taheri Y, Suleria HAR, Özçelik B, Nur Kasapoğlu K, Gültekin-Özgüven M, Daşkaya-Dikmen C, Cho WC, Martins N, Calina D. Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2326. [PMID: 32235611 PMCID: PMC7177934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart and blood vessels disorders comprise one of the main causes of death worldwide. Pharmacologically active natural compounds have been used as a complementary therapy in cardiovascular disease around the world in a traditional way. Dietary, natural bioactive compounds, as well as healthy lifestyles, are considered to prevent coronary artery diseases. Pre-clinical and clinical studies reported that consumption of plant-food bioactive derivatives including polyphenolic compounds, peptides, oligosaccharides, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids possess protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the cardiovascular risk factors, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials related to cardioprotective properties of the plant-food-derived bioactive compounds. Molecular mechanisms by the natural bioactive compounds exert their cardiovascular protective properties have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran;
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, 734003 Dushanbe, Tajikistan;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Aslı Can Karaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Derya Kahveci Karıncaoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
| | - Gözde Gülseren
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (G.G.); (E.Ş.); (E.D.)
| | - Ezgi Şenol
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (G.G.); (E.Ş.); (E.D.)
| | - Evren Demircan
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (G.G.); (E.Ş.); (E.D.)
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran;
| | | | - Beraat Özçelik
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
- Bioactive Research & Innovation Food Manufac. Indust. Trade Ltd., Katar Street, Teknokent ARI-3, B110, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34467, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Nur Kasapoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
| | - Mine Gültekin-Özgüven
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (A.C.K.); (D.K.K.); (B.O.); (K.N.K.); (M.G.-Ö.)
| | - Ceren Daşkaya-Dikmen
- Pladis TR R&D Department, Kısıklı mah., Ferah cad. Üsküdar İstanbul 34692, Turkey;
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Pourmasoumi M, Hadi A, Najafgholizadeh A, Joukar F, Mansour-Ghanaei F. The effects of cranberry on cardiovascular metabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:774-788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Bletsa E, Panoilia ME, Oikonomou IN, Sinanidis I, Spinou M, Papastavrou A, Kokosias G, Zaromitidou M, Stampouloglou P, Spartalis M, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Papavassiliou AG, Tousoulis D. Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelial Dysfunction: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1052-1080. [PMID: 31470773 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190830103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most common pathophysiologic substrate is atherosclerosis which is an inflammatory procedure that starts at childhood and develops throughout life. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and is characterized by the impaired production of nitric oxide. In general, endothelial dysfunction is linked to poor cardiovascular prognosis and different methods, both invasive and non-invasive, have been developed for its evaluation. Ultrasound evaluation of flow mediated dilatation of the branchial artery is the most commonly used method to assessed endothelial function while intracoronary administration of vasoactive agents may be also be used to test directly endothelial properties of the coronary vasculature. Endothelial dysfunction has also been the subject of therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes the knowledge about evaluation of endothelial function in acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary artery disease and demonstrates the current therapeutic approaches against endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-MIT Biomedical Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Evi Panoilia
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Iris Niovi Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Sinanidis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Spinou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Papastavrou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kokosias
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Zaromitidou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-MIT Biomedical Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Panagiota Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Spartalis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Effects of Blackcurrant Anthocyanin on Endothelial Function and Peripheral Temperature in Young Smokers. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234295. [PMID: 31775353 PMCID: PMC6930610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blackcurrant anthocyanin (BCA) is expected to repair endothelial dysfunction, but it remains unclear whether beneficial effects are present in young healthy persons. This study examines whether supplements containing blackcurrant anthocyanin improve endothelial function and peripheral temperature in young smokers. Methods: Young, healthy male nonsmokers (N group: n = 11; mean age 22 ± 2 years) and smokers (S group: n = 13; mean age 21 ± 1 years) were enrolled. A randomized and double-blind trial was designed to compare the effects of no supplement, a supplement containing 50 mg of blackcurrant anthocyanin (supplement A), and a supplement containing 50 mg of blackcurrant anthocyanin plus vitamin E (supplement B) on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and skin temperature. Results: Under no supplement, FMD was unchanged during the 2 h period after smoking in the N group, whereas it was decreased during the 2 h period after smoking in the S group. Under the A supplement, FMD was decreased 1 h after smoking and returned to the baseline level 2 h after smoking in the S group. The skin temperature in the area of the foot dorsum was decreased in the S group after smoking compared with that in the N group, who did not smoke, whereas under A and B supplements, it was higher in the S group compared with that in the N group. Conclusions: BCA could attenuate the smoking-induced acute endothelial dysfunction and improve peripheral temperature in young smokers.
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Istas G, Wood E, Le Sayec M, Rawlings C, Yoon J, Dandavate V, Cera D, Rampelli S, Costabile A, Fromentin E, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Effects of aronia berry (poly)phenols on vascular function and gut microbiota: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in adult men. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:316-329. [PMID: 31152545 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aronia melanocarpa is a rich source of (poly)phenols. Previous research has demonstrated that these berries may provide cardiovascular health benefits in high-risk populations. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of daily consumption of dietary achievable amounts of the berries in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aronia berries on vascular function and gut microbiota composition in a healthy population. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel designed study was conducted in 66 healthy men randomly allocated to consume a (poly)phenol-rich extract (116 mg, 75 g berries), a whole fruit powder (12 mg, 10 g berries), or placebo (maltodextrin) for 12 wk. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), arterial stiffness, blood pressure, heart rate, and serum biochemistry were assessed. Plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. Gut microbiota composition was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing in stool samples. RESULTS Consumption of aronia whole fruit and extract powder for 12 wk led to a significant increase in FMD over control of 0.9% ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.13%, 1.72%) and 1.2% ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.36%, 1.97%), respectively. Acute improvements in FMD were also observed 2 h after consumption of aronia extract on day 1 (1.1% ± 0.3%, P = 0.003) and 12 wk later (1.5% ± 0.4%, P = 0.0001). Circulating plasma phenolic metabolites increased upon consumption of the aronia treatments. Although no changes were found in gut microbiota diversity, consumption of aronia extract increased the growth of Anaerostipes (+10.6%, P = 0.01), whereas aronia whole fruit showed significant increases in Bacteroides (+193%, P = 0.01). Correlation analysis identified significant associations between changes in FMD, aronia-derived phenolic metabolites, and specific gut microbial genera. CONCLUSIONS In healthy men, consumption of aronia berry (poly)phenols improved endothelial function and modulated gut microbiota composition, indicating that regular aronia consumption has the potential to maintain cardiovascular health in individuals at low risk of cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at CLINICALTRIALs.gov as NCT03041961.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Istas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Wood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Le Sayec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Rawlings
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeeyoung Yoon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vaishnavi Dandavate
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debora Cera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adele Costabile
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Life Sciences Department, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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63
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Fang J, Huang J. Accumulation of plasma levels of anthocyanins following multiple saskatoon berry supplements. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:454-457. [PMID: 31269857 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1637967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
1. Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids responsible for the blue, purple and red color of many fruits, flowers and leaves. Consumption of foods rich in anthocyanins is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Most food intervention studies employ once or twice per day dose schedules. 2. The current study demonstrated that plasma concentrations of cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside, the two major components of saskatoon berries, were significantly increased following three consecutive saskatoon berry supplements 4 hours apart. This accumulation is due to the residual concentrations of anthocyanins at the time of second and third supplements. 3. Accumulation was especially pronounced for peonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-galactoside, the methylated metabolites of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-galactoside, respectively. Little or no accumulation was observed for cyanidin-3-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside, two other components of saskatoon berries, possibly due to their short half-lives. 4. Thus, taking anthocyanin supplements with every meal would provide higher plasma concentrations for some anthocyanins and their metabolites than the once or twice-a-day dose regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Fang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jiannan Huang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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64
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DuPont JJ, Kenney RM, Patel AR, Jaffe IZ. Sex differences in mechanisms of arterial stiffness. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4208-4225. [PMID: 30767200 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness progressively increases with aging and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Evidence supports that there are sex differences in the time course of aging-related arterial stiffness and the associated CVD risk, which increases disproportionately in postmenopausal women. The association between arterial stiffness and mortality is almost twofold higher in women versus men. The differential clinical characteristics of the development of arterial stiffness between men and women indicate the involvement of sex-specific mechanisms. This review summarizes the current literature on sex differences in vascular stiffness induced by aging, obesity, hypertension, and sex-specific risk factors as well as the impact of hormonal status, diet, and exercise on vascular stiffness in males and females. An understanding of the mechanisms driving sex differences in vascular stiffness has the potential to identify novel sex-specific therapies to lessen CVD risk, the leading cause of death in males and females. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J DuPont
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rachel M Kenney
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ayan R Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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65
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Thimóteo NSB, Iryioda TMV, Alfieri DF, Rego BEF, Scavuzzi BM, Fatel E, Lozovoy MAB, Simão ANC, Dichi I. Cranberry juice decreases disease activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition 2019; 60:112-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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De Bruyne T, Steenput B, Roth L, De Meyer GRY, Santos CND, Valentová K, Dambrova M, Hermans N. Dietary Polyphenols Targeting Arterial Stiffness: Interplay of Contributing Mechanisms and Gut Microbiome-Related Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:E578. [PMID: 30857217 PMCID: PMC6471395 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness is a degenerative vascular process, progressing with age that leads to a reduced capability of arteries to expand and contract in response to pressure changes. This progressive degeneration mainly affects the extracellular matrix of elastic arteries and causes loss of vascular elasticity. Recent studies point to significant interference of dietary polyphenols with mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and progression of arterial stiffness. This review summarizes data from epidemiological and interventional studies on the effect of polyphenols on vascular stiffness as an illustration of current research and addresses possible etiological factors targeted by polyphenols, including pathways of vascular functionality, oxidative status, inflammation, glycation, and autophagy. Effects can either be inflicted directly by the dietary polyphenols or indirectly by metabolites originated from the host or microbial metabolic processes. The composition of the gut microbiome, therefore, determines the resulting metabolome and, as a consequence, the observed activity. On the other hand, polyphenols also influence the intestinal microbial composition, and therefore the metabolites available for interaction with relevant targets. As such, targeting the gut microbiome is another potential treatment option for arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Bieke Steenput
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Claudia Nunes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Nina Hermans
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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67
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4-Week consumption of anthocyanin-rich blood orange juice does not affect LDL-cholesterol or other biomarkers of CVD risk and glycaemia compared with standard orange juice: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2019; 119:415-421. [PMID: 29498348 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated circulating cholesterol levels are a risk factor for CVD which is also associated with sub-optimal vascular function. There is emerging evidence that anthocyanins can cause beneficial cardio-protective effects by favourably modulating lipoprotein profiles. We compared the effects of blood orange juice which is rich in anthocyanins and blonde orange juice without anthocyanins on LDL-cholesterol and other biomarkers of CVD risk, vascular function and glycaemia. In all, forty-one participants (aged 25-84 years) with a waist circumference >94 cm (men) and >80 cm (women) completed a randomised, open label, two-arm cross-over trial. For 28 d participants ingested (i) 500 ml blood orange juice providing 50 mg anthocyanins/d and (ii) 500 ml blonde orange juice without anthocyanins. There was a minimum 3-week washout period between treatments. LDL-cholesterol and other biomarkers associated with CVD risk and glycaemia were assessed at the start and end of each treatment period. No significant differences were observed in total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, TAG, glucose, fructosamine, nitric oxide, C-reactive protein, aortic systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure or carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity after 28 d ingestion of blood orange juice compared with standard orange juice. The lack of effect on LDL-cholesterol may be due to the modest concentration of anthocyanins in the blood orange juice.
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68
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Ramne S, Alves Dias J, González-Padilla E, Olsson K, Lindahl B, Engström G, Ericson U, Johansson I, Sonestedt E. Association between added sugar intake and mortality is nonlinear and dependent on sugar source in 2 Swedish population-based prospective cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:411-423. [PMID: 30590448 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although sugar consumption has been associated with several risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, evidence for harmful long-term effects is lacking. In addition, most studies have focused on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), not sugar per se. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the associations between added and free sugar intake, intake of different sugar sources, and mortality risk. Methods Two prospective population-based cohorts were examined: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS; n = 24,272), which collected dietary data by combining a food diary, interview, and food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the Northern Swedish Health and Disease Study (NSHDS; n = 24,475), which assessed diet with an FFQ. Sugar intakes defined as both added and free sugar and different sugar sources were examined. The associations with mortality were examined using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Higher sugar consumption was associated with a less favorable lifestyle in general. The lowest mortality risk was found with added sugar intakes between 7.5% and 10% of energy (E%) intake in both cohorts. Intakes >20E% were associated with a 30% increased mortality risk, but increased risks were also found at intakes <5E% [23% in the MDCS and 9% (nonsignificant) in the NSHDS]. Similar U-shaped associations were found for both cardiovascular and cancer mortality in the MDCS. By separately analyzing the different sugar sources, the intake of SSBs was positively associated with mortality, whereas the intake of treats was inversely associated. Conclusions Our findings indicate that a high sugar intake is associated with an increased mortality risk. However, the risk is also increased among low sugar consumers, although they have a more favorable lifestyle in general. In addition, the associations are dependent on the type of sugar source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine
| | | | - Ulrika Ericson
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Departments of Odontology and Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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69
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de Almeida Alvarenga L, Borges NA, Moreira LDSG, Resende Teixeira KT, Carraro-Eduardo JC, Dai L, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Mafra D. Cranberries – potential benefits in patients with chronic kidney disease. Food Funct 2019; 10:3103-3112. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present many complications that potentially could be linked to increased cardiovascular mortality such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular senescence and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Alvarenga Borges
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF)
- Niterói
- Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Lu Dai
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum
- Department of Clinical Science
- Technology and Intervention
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum
- Department of Clinical Science
- Technology and Intervention
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum
- Department of Clinical Science
- Technology and Intervention
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF)
- Niterói
- Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences
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70
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The Effects of Flavonoids on Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Human Intervention Trials and Implications for Cerebrovascular Function. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121852. [PMID: 30513729 PMCID: PMC6315948 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has suggested a number of beneficial effects arising from the consumption of dietary flavonoids, found in foods such as cocoa, apples, tea, citrus fruits and berries on cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction. These effects are thought to have a significant impact upon both vascular and cerebrovascular health, ultimately with the potential to prevent cardiovascular and potentially neurodegenerative disease with a vascular component, for example vascular dementia. This review explores the current evidence for the effects of flavonoid supplementation on human endothelial function and both peripheral and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Evidence presented includes their potential to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, as well as increasing peripheral blood perfusion and promoting CBF in both healthy and at-risk populations. However, there is great variation in the literature due to the heterogeneous nature of the randomised controlled trials conducted. As such, there is a clear need for further research and understanding within this area in order to maximise potential health benefits.
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71
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Aboo Bakkar Z, Fulford J, Gates PE, Jackman SR, Jones AM, Bond B, Bowtell JL. Montmorency cherry supplementation attenuates vascular dysfunction induced by prolonged forearm occlusion in overweight, middle-aged men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:246-254. [PMID: 30496705 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00804.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid supplementation improves brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), but it is not known whether flavonoids protect against vascular dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and associated respiratory burst. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we investigated whether 4 wk supplementation with freeze-dried Montmorency cherry (MC) attenuated suppression of FMD after IR induced by prolonged forearm occlusion. Twelve physically inactive overweight, middle-aged men (52.8 ± 5.8 yr, BMI: 28.1 ± 5.3 kg/m2) consumed MC (235 mg/day anthocyanins) or placebo capsules for 4 wk, with supplementation blocks separated by 4 wk washout. Before and after each supplementation block, FMD responses and plasma nitrate and nitrite ([ NO2- ]) concentrations were measured at baseline and 15, 30, and 45 min after prolonged (20 min) forearm occlusion. FMD response was significantly depressed by the prolonged occlusion ( P < 0.001). After a 45-min reperfusion, FMD was restored to baseline levels after MC (ΔFMD presupplementation: -30.5 ± 8.4%, postsupplementation: -0.6 ± 9.5%) but not placebo supplementation (ΔFMD presupplementation: -11.6 ± 10.6, postsupplementation: -25.4 ± 4.0%; condition × supplement interaction: P = 0.038). Plasma [ NO2- ] decreased after prolonged occlusion but recovered faster after MC compared with placebo (Δ45 min to baseline; MC: presupplementation: -15.3 ± 9.6, postsupplementation: -6.2 ± 8.1; Placebo: presupplementation: -16.3 ± 5.9, postsupplementation: -27.7 ± 11.1 nmol/l; condition × supplement × time interaction: P = 0.033). Plasma peroxiredoxin concentration ([Prx2]) was significantly higher after MC (presupplementation: 22.8 ± 1.4, postsupplementation: 28.0 ± 2.4 ng/ml, P = 0.029) but not after placebo supplementation (presupplementation: 22.1 ± 2.2, postsupplementation: 23.7 ± 1.5 ng/ml). In conclusion, 4 wk MC supplementation enhanced recovery of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation after IR, in parallel with faster recovery of plasma [ NO2- ], suggesting NO dependency. These protective effects seem to be related to increased plasma [Prx2], presumably conferring protection against the respiratory burst during reperfusion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to demonstrate that 4 wk of Montmorency cherry powder supplementation exerted protective effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation after transient ischemia-reperfusion injury in overweight, physically inactive, nonmedicated, hypertensive middle-aged men. These effects seem to be due to increased nitric oxide availability, as evidenced by higher plasma nitrite concentration and peak arterial diameter during the flow-mediated dilation measurement. This may be a consequence of increased concentration of peroxiredoxin and other antioxidant systems and, hence, reduced reactive oxygen species exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah R Jackman
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - Bert Bond
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L Bowtell
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter , United Kingdom
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72
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Changing to a Low-Polyphenol Diet Alters Vascular Biomarkers in Healthy Men after Only Two Weeks. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111766. [PMID: 30441880 PMCID: PMC6267476 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive dietary compounds play a critical role in health maintenance. The relation between bioactive compound intake and cardiovascular health-related biomarkers has been demonstrated in several studies, although mainly with participants who have altered biochemical parameters (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, etc.). The aim of this study was to evaluate if adopting a diet low in polyphenol-rich food for two weeks would affect vascular biomarkers in healthy men. In a crossover study, 22 healthy men were randomly assigned to their usual diet (UD), consuming healthy food rich in polyphenols, or to a low antioxidant diet (LAD), with less than two servings of fruit and vegetables per day and avoiding the intake of cocoa products, coffee and tea. As a marker of compliance, total polyphenols in urine were significantly lower after the LAD than after the UD (79 ± 43 vs. 123 ± 58 mg GAE/g creatinine). Nitric oxide levels were also reduced (52 ± 28 in LAD vs. 80 ± 34 µM in UD), although no significant changes in cellular adhesion molecules and eicosanoids were observed; however, an increasing ratio between thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) was reached (p = 0.048). Thus, a slight dietary modification, reducing the consumption of polyphenol-rich food, may affect vascular biomarkers even in healthy individuals.
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73
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van den Driessche JJ, Plat J, Mensink RP. Effects of superfoods on risk factors of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of human intervention trials. Food Funct 2018; 9:1944-1966. [PMID: 29557436 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01792h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods can be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and subsequently the onset of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes mellitus. More recently, however, another term was introduced to describe foods with additional health benefits: "superfoods", for which, to date, no generally accepted definition exists. Nonetheless, their consumption might contribute to the prevention of metabolic syndrome, for example due to the presence of potentially bioactive compounds. This review provides an overview of controlled human intervention studies with foods described as "superfoods" and their effects on metabolic syndrome parameters. First, an Internet search was performed to identify foods described as superfoods. For these superfoods, controlled human intervention trials were identified until April 2017 investigating the effects of superfood consumption on metabolic syndrome parameters: waist circumference or BMI, blood pressure, or concentrations of HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol or glucose. Seventeen superfoods were identified, including a total of 113 intervention trials: blueberries (8 studies), cranberries (8), goji berries (3), strawberries (7), chili peppers (3), garlic (21), ginger (10), chia seed (5), flaxseed (22), quinoa (1), cocoa (16), maca (1), spirulina (7), wheatgrass (1), acai berries (0), hemp seed (0) and bee pollen (0). Overall, only limited evidence was found for the effects of the foods described as superfoods on metabolic syndrome parameters, since results were not consistent or the number of controlled intervention trials was limited. The inconsistencies might have been related to intervention-related factors, such as duration or dose. Furthermore, conclusions may be different if other health benefits are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J van den Driessche
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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74
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Tsang C, Smail NF, Almoosawi S, McDougall GJM, Al-Dujaili EAS. Antioxidant Rich Potato Improves Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 73:203-208. [PMID: 29947011 PMCID: PMC6096904 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease and dietary anthocyanins may be important in mediating vascular tone. The present study investigated the effect of consumption of an anthocyanin-rich potato, Purple Majesty on arterial stiffness measured as pulse wave velocity in 14 healthy male and female adults. Participants consumed 200 g/day of cooked purple potato containing 288 mg anthocyanins, or a white potato containing negligible anthocyanins for 14 days, separated by a 7-day washout period. Non-invasive assessment of vascular tone by pulse wave velocity was determined in addition to systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glucose, insulin and C-reactive protein. Pulse wave velocity was significantly reduced (p = 0.001) following Purple Majesty consumption for 14-days. There were no significant changes with any other clinical parameter measured, and no changes following white potato consumption. The findings from this short-term study indicate a potential effect of Purple Majesty consumption on arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tsang
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK.
| | - N F Smail
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Almoosawi
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
- Brain, Performance & Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - G J M McDougall
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - E A S Al-Dujaili
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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75
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Luís Â, Domingues F, Pereira L. Association between berries intake and cardiovascular diseases risk factors: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2018; 9:740-757. [PMID: 29243749 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to clarify the effects of the consumption of berries on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors by performing a systematic review according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) statement, followed by a meta-analysis and a trial sequential analysis (TSA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library between April and June 2016. To be included, RCTs had to report 1 or more of the following outcomes: total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), LDL-cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), blood pressure (BP), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM), glucose, insulin, apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) or apolipoprotein B (Apo B). It was observed that the intake of berries reduces TC, LDL, TG, and BP while increasing the level of HDL, suggesting a beneficial effect on the control of CVDs' risk factors. Thus, the intake of berries as nutraceuticals or functional foods could be suggested for the prevention and control of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo Luís
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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Oak MH, Auger C, Belcastro E, Park SH, Lee HH, Schini-Kerth VB. Potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular protection by polyphenols: Role of the endothelium. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:161-170. [PMID: 29548794 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that regular intake of polyphenol-rich diets such as red wine and tea, are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. The beneficial effect of polyphenol-rich products has been attributable, at least in part, to their direct action on the endothelial function. Indeed, polyphenols from tea, grapes, cacao, berries, and plants have been shown to activate endothelial cells to increase the formation of potent vasoprotective factors including nitric oxide (NO) and to delay endothelial ageing. Moreover, intake of such polyphenol-rich products has been associated with the prevention and/or the improvement of an established endothelial dysfunction in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases and in Humans with cardiovascular diseases. This review will discuss both experimental and clinical evidences indicating that polyphenols are able to promote endothelial and vascular health, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Oak
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France; College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Cyril Auger
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Eugenia Belcastro
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Sin-Hee Park
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Hyun-Ho Lee
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
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Del Bo' C, Deon V, Campolo J, Lanti C, Parolini M, Porrini M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P. A serving of blueberry (V. corymbosum) acutely improves peripheral arterial dysfunction in young smokers and non-smokers: two randomized, controlled, crossover pilot studies. Food Funct 2018; 8:4108-4117. [PMID: 29019364 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have documented the important role of polyphenol-rich foods in the modulation of vascular remodelling and function. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of a single portion of blueberry (V. corymbosum) to acutely improve peripheral arterial dysfunction in a group of young volunteers. Twenty-four healthy males (12 non-smokers and 12 smokers) were recruited for two different randomized, controlled, crossover pilot acute studies. In the first study, non-smokers were exposed to a control treatment (C; 300 mL of water with sugar) and a blueberry treatment (BB; 300 g of blueberry). In the second study, smokers underwent 3 different protocols: (1) - smoking treatment (S); (2) - control treatment (CS; 300 mL of water with sugar + smoking); (3) - blueberry treatment (BS; 300 g of blueberry + smoking). Each treatment (1 day long) was separated by a one week washout period. Blood pressure, peripheral arterial function (reactive hyperemia index, RHI, a marker of endothelial function) and arterial stiffness (digital augmentation index, dAix and dAix normalized by considering a heart rate of 75 bpm, dAix@75) were measured before and after each treatment. In the first study, the consumption of blueberry and control treatment acutely increased peripheral arterial function in the group of non-smokers. The improvement in RHI was higher and significantly different after blueberry treatment compared to the control treatment (54.8 ± 8.4% BB vs. 28.2 ± 8.3% C; p = 0.01). No effects were observed for markers of arterial stiffness, blood pressure and heart rate. Acute cigarette smoke significantly increased blood pressure and heart rate, while no significant effect was registered in peripheral arterial function and stiffness. The intake of blueberry and control treatment before a cigarette did not counteract the increase in blood pressure and heart rate, while it significantly improved peripheral arterial function. In particular, a significant increase was observed following BS (35.2 ± 7.5% RHI; p = 0.02) and CS treatments (34.6 ± 11.9% RHI; p = 0.02) when compared to only smoking treatment. No difference between BS and CS was detected. In conclusion, the intake of blueberry and control treatments acutely improved peripheral arterial dysfunction both in smoker and in non-smoker subjects. Further studies should be performed to confirm the results obtained and reveal the potential mechanisms of blueberry in the improvement of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo'
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy.
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Caldas APS, Coelho OGL, Bressan J. Cranberry antioxidant power on oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial damage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1409758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Effect of Anthocyanin Supplementations on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. CHOLESTEROL 2018; 2018:8450793. [PMID: 29850238 PMCID: PMC5937577 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8450793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess combined data from seventeen randomized controlled trials studying effect of anthocyanin consumption on levels of various lipids and inflammatory markers with meta-analysis approach. Methods Various databases, namely, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Trial Register were used to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating an association between anthocyanins and lipid profile and inflammatory markers. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I2 statistics and data was expressed using mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Results Statistically significant reduction in triglyceride [mean difference (MD) = −9.16, 95% CI: −14.02 to −4.31 mg/dL, I2 = 33.54%, P = 0.149], low density lipoprotein [MD = −8.86, 95% CI: −11.17 to −20.02 mg/dL, I2 = 37.75%, P = 0.098], and apolipoprotein B [MD = −7.13, 95% CI: −8.66 to −5.59 mg/dL, I2 = 20.42%, P = 0.287] levels and increase in high-density lipoprotein [MD = 1.67, 95% CI: 0.8 to 2.54 mg/dL, I2 = 44.88%, P = 0.053] and apolipoprotein A-1 [MD = 6.1, 95% CI: 4.51 to 7.69 mg/dL, I2 = 6.95%, P = 0.358] levels were observed with anthocyanin supplementation. Levels of inflammatory markers were found to reduce [TNF-∞ - MD = −1.98, 95% CI: −2.40 to −1.55 pg/mL, I2 = 0%, P = 0.975; IL-6 - MD = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.53 pg/mL, I2 = 0%, P = 0.825; hs-CRP - MD = 0.164, 95% CI: −0.06 to 0.39 mg/dL, I2 = 0%, P = 0.569]. Though the effect on TC, IL-6, and hs-CRP was positive, it was nonsignificant in nature. Conclusion Anthocyanin supplementation significantly improves lipid profile and inflammatory status. However, future trials with sufficient sample size are recommended to substantiate the findings especially for the parameters showing nonsignificant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Nowak
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.).
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
| | - Michel Chonchol
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
| | - Douglas R Seals
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
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García-Conesa MT, Chambers K, Combet E, Pinto P, Garcia-Aloy M, Andrés-Lacueva C, de Pascual-Teresa S, Mena P, Konic Ristic A, Hollands WJ, Kroon PA, Rodríguez-Mateos A, Istas G, Kontogiorgis CA, Rai DK, Gibney ER, Morand C, Espín JC, González-Sarrías A. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Foods and Derived Products Containing Ellagitannins and Anthocyanins on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: Analysis of Factors Influencing Variability of the Individual Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030694. [PMID: 29495642 PMCID: PMC5877555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding interindividual variability in response to dietary polyphenols remains essential to elucidate their effects on cardiometabolic disease development. A meta-analysis of 128 randomized clinical trials was conducted to investigate the effects of berries and red grapes/wine as sources of anthocyanins and of nuts and pomegranate as sources of ellagitannins on a range of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. The potential influence of various demographic and lifestyle factors on the variability in the response to these products were explored. Both anthocyanin- and ellagitannin-containing products reduced total-cholesterol with nuts and berries yielding more significant effects than pomegranate and grapes. Blood pressure was significantly reduced by the two main sources of anthocyanins, berries and red grapes/wine, whereas waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were most significantly lowered by the ellagitannin-products, particularly nuts. Additionally, we found an indication of a small increase in HDL-cholesterol most significant with nuts and, in flow-mediated dilation by nuts and berries. Most of these effects were detected in obese/overweight people but we found limited or non-evidence in normoweight individuals or of the influence of sex or smoking status. The effects of other factors, i.e., habitual diet, health status or country where the study was conducted, were inconsistent and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Karen Chambers
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
| | - Paula Pinto
- Biotechnology and Nutrition, Department of Food Technology, ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal.
- Molecular Nutrition Health Laboratory, iBET/ITQB, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciencies, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciencies, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alekxandra Konic Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Wendy J Hollands
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Geoffrey Istas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Christos A Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Christine Morand
- INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, UCA, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Chew B, Mathison B, Kimble L, McKay D, Kaspar K, Khoo C, Chen CYO, Blumberg J. Chronic consumption of a low calorie, high polyphenol cranberry beverage attenuates inflammation and improves glucoregulation and HDL cholesterol in healthy overweight humans: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1223-1235. [PMID: 29476238 PMCID: PMC6499871 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We studied the health benefits of low calorie cranberry beverage consumption on glucoregulation, oxidative damage, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in overweight but otherwise healthy humans. Methods 78 overweight or obese men and women (30–70 years; BMI 27–35 kg/m2) with abdominal adiposity (waist: hip > 0.8 for women and > 0.9 for men; waist: height ≥ 0.5) consumed 450 mL placebo or low calorie, high polyphenol cranberry extract beverage (CEB) daily for 8 week in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design trial. Blood and urine samples were collected after overnight fast at baseline and after 8 weeks of daily beverage consumption. Blood and urine samples were also collected during 3 oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) challenges: (1) pre-intervention without the test beverages, (2) following a single dose of placebo or CEB at baseline (week 0), and (3) following a single dose of placebo or CEB at 8 week. Results Compared to placebo, a single CEB dose at baseline lowered endothelin-1 and elevated nitric oxide and the reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio (P < 0.05). Interferon-γ was elevated (P < 0.05) after a single CEB dose at baseline; however, after 8 week of CEB intervention, fasting C-reactive protein was lower (P < 0.05). CEB consumption for 8 week also reduced serum insulin and increased HDL cholesterol compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Conclusions An acute dose of low calorie, high polyphenol cranberry beverage improved antioxidant status, while 8 week daily consumption reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors by improving glucoregulation, downregulating inflammatory biomarkers, and increasing HDL cholesterol. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1643-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chew
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
- Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Bridget Mathison
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Lindsey Kimble
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Diane McKay
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Flavonoid intake from fruit and vegetables during adolescence is prospectively associated with a favourable risk factor profile for type 2 diabetes in early adulthood. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1159-1172. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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High-performance liquid chromatography for the analytical characterization of anthocyanins in Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) fruit and food products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3559-3571. [PMID: 29428993 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins represent the most abundant class of bioactive compounds present in Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) fruit, conferring it several health-promoting properties. The content of anthocyanins in food products produced from bilberries can be affected by many parameters, making the study of their composition a critical issue. In this ambit, this work was aimed at a comprehensive profiling of anthocyanins in bilberry fruit and derivatives from the Italian Northern Apennines, including jam, juice, and liqueur ("Mirtillino"). Anthocyanins were extracted from the jams by means of a dynamic maceration with acidified methanol, while juice and liqueurs were directly analyzed. The analysis of anthocyanins in the extracts was carried out by means of HPLC-UV/DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS, and MS2, under gradient elution. As a comparison, authentic bilberry fruits were analyzed. The total anthocyanin content was in the range 582.4-795.2 mg/100 g (FW) for the fruit, 2.3-234.5 mg/100 g for the jams, 109.2-2252.2 mg/L for the juice, and 27.9-759.3 mg/L for the liqueurs. To deeper investigate the anthocyanin profile of the liqueurs that exhibited a remarkably different composition in comparison with the other products, an authentic bilberry liqueur was prepared in the lab, following a traditional recipe, and monitored weakly by HPLC. The percentage of degradation of 3-O-galactosides and 3-O-arabinosides of bilberry anthocyanidins was found to be higher than that of 3-O-glucosides. The results of this work demonstrated the importance of a suitable and reliable analysis of bilberry fruit and related food products to ensure their genuineness and quality. Graphical abstract Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) fruit and food products analyzed in this work.
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Asgary S, Salehizadeh L, Keshvari M, Taheri M, Spence ND, Farvid MS, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Sarrafzadegan N. Potential Cardioprotective Effects of Sumac Capsule in Patients With Hyperlipidemia: A Triple-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:286-292. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1394237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mahtab Keshvari
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Taheri
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nicholas D. Spence
- Department of Medicine, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maryam S. Farvid
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Heneghan C, Kiely M, Lyons J, Lucey A. The Effect of Berry-Based Food Interventions on Markers of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Heneghan
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Jacqueline Lyons
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Alice Lucey
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Republic of Ireland
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Murphy MM, Barrett EC, Bresnahan KA, Barraj LM. 100 % Fruit juice and measures of glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e59. [PMID: 29299307 PMCID: PMC5736636 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effects of consuming 100 % fruit juice on measures of glycaemic control are conflicting. The purpose of the present study was to systematically review and quantitatively summarise results from randomised controlled trials (RCT) examining effects of 100 % fruit juice on glucose-insulin homeostasis. Eligible studies were identified from a systematic review of PubMed and EMBASE and hand searches of reference lists from reviews and relevant papers. Using data from eighteen RCT, meta-analyses evaluated the mean difference in fasting blood glucose (sixteen studies), fasting blood insulin (eleven studies), the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; seven studies) and glycosylated Hb (HbA1c; three studies) between the 100 % fruit juice intervention and control groups using a random-effects model. Compared with the control group, 100 % fruit juice had no significant effect on fasting blood glucose (-0·13 (95 % CI -0·28, 0·01) mmol/l; P = 0·07), fasting blood insulin (-0·24 (95 % CI -3·54, 3·05) pmol/l; P = 0·89), HOMA-IR (-0·22 (95 % CI -0·50, 0·06); P = 0·13) or HbA1c (-0·001 (95 % CI -0·38, 0·38) %; P = 0·28). Results from stratified analyses and univariate meta-regressions also largely showed no significant associations between 100 % fruit juice and the measures of glucose control. Overall, findings from this meta-analysis of RCT suggest a neutral effect of 100 % fruit juice on glycaemic control. These findings are consistent with findings from some observational studies suggesting that consumption of 100 % fruit juice is not associated with increased risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Murphy
- Exponent, Inc., Center for Chemical Regulation & Food Safety, 1150 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Erin C. Barrett
- Exponent, Inc., Center for Chemical Regulation & Food Safety, 1150 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
- Habit, LLC, 985 3rd Street, Oakland, CA 94607, USA
| | - Kara A. Bresnahan
- Exponent, Inc., Center for Chemical Regulation & Food Safety, 1150 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Leila M. Barraj
- Exponent, Inc., Center for Chemical Regulation & Food Safety, 1150 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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Kanellos PT, Kaliora AC, Protogerou AD, Tentolouris N, Perrea DN, Karathanos VT. The effect of raisins on biomarkers of endothelial function and oxidant damage; an open-label and randomized controlled intervention. Food Res Int 2017; 102:674-680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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89
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Costa C, Tsatsakis A, Mamoulakis C, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, Caruso E, Tsoukalas D, Margina D, Dardiotis E, Kouretas D, Fenga C. Current evidence on the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on chronic diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:286-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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90
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Razani Z, Dastani M, Kazerani HR. Cardioprotective Effects of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juice in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1731-1738. [PMID: 28913846 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of pomegranate juice in patients with ischemic heart disease. One hundred patients, diagnosed with unstable angina or myocardial infarction, were randomly assigned to the test and the control groups (n = 50, each). During 5 days of hospitalization, in addition to the conventional medical therapies, the test groups received 220 mL pomegranate juice, daily. During the hospitalization period, the blood pressure, heart rate, as well as the intensity, occurrence, and duration of the angina were evaluated on a regular basis. At the end of the hospitalization period, the serum levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured in all patients. The levels of serum troponin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels were also assayed in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction. Pomegranate juice caused significant reductions in the intensity, occurrence, and duration of angina pectoris in patients with unstable angina. Consistently, the test patients had significantly lower levels of serum troponin and malondialdehyde. Other studied parameters did not change significantly. The results of this study suggest protective effects of pomegranate juice against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Razani
- MSc graduate of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dastani
- Department of Cardiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Kazerani
- Department of Physiology, The School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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91
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Thimóteo NSB, Scavuzzi BM, Simão ANC, Dichi I. The impact of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and cranberry products on each component of the metabolic syndrome: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-017-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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92
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Fairlie-Jones L, Davison K, Fromentin E, Hill AM. The Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Foods or Extracts on Vascular Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080908. [PMID: 28825651 PMCID: PMC5579701 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are of interest due to their anti-oxidative and vasodilatory properties. Earlier reviews have shown that berries and other anthocyanin rich foods or extracts can improve vascular health, however the effect of anthocyanins on vascular function has not yet been reviewed. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials examining anthocyanin-rich foods or extracts on measures of vascular reactivity and/or stiffness in adults. Data from 24 studies were pooled as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Anthocyanin consumption significantly improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD) following acute (SMD: 3.92%, 95% CI: 1.47, 6.38, p = 0.002; I2 = 91.8%) and chronic supplementation (SMD: 0.84%, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.12, p = 0.000; I2 = 62.5%). Pulse wave velocity was improved following acute supplementation only (SMD: −1.27 m/s, 95% CI: −1.96, −0.58, p = 0.000; I2 = 17.8%). These results support the findings of previous reviews that anthocyanin rich foods or extracts may indeed improve vascular health, particularly with respect to vascular reactivity measured by FMD. More research is required to determine the optimal dosage, and the long-term effects of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Fairlie-Jones
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Kade Davison
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Emilie Fromentin
- Naturex-DBS LLC, R&D department, South Hackensack, NJ 07606, USA.
| | - Alison M Hill
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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93
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Effects of isoflavone-containing soya protein on ex vivo cholesterol efflux, vascular function and blood markers of CVD risk in adults with moderately elevated blood pressure: a dose-response randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1403-1413. [PMID: 28661316 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700143x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging CVD risk factors (e.g. HDL function and central haemodynamics) may account for residual CVD risk experienced by individuals who meet LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) targets. Recent evidence suggests that these emerging risk factors can be modified by polyphenol-rich interventions such as soya, but additional research is needed. This study was designed to investigate the effects of an isoflavone-containing soya protein isolate (delivering 25 and 50 g/d soya protein) on HDL function (i.e. ex vivo cholesterol efflux), macrovascular function and blood markers of CVD risk. Middle-aged adults (n 20; mean age=51·6 (sem 6·6) years) with moderately elevated brachial BP (mean systolic BP=129 (sem 9) mmHg; mean diastolic BP=82·5 (sem 8·4) mmHg) consumed 0 (control), 25 and 50 g/d soya protein in a randomised cross-over design. Soya and control powders were consumed for 6 weeks each with a 2-week compliance break between treatment periods. Blood samples and vascular function measures were obtained at baseline and following each supplementation period. Supplementation with 50 g/d soya protein significantly reduced brachial diastolic BP (-2·3 mmHg) compared with 25 g/d soya protein (Tukey-adjusted P=0·03) but not the control. Soya supplementation did not improve ex vivo cholesterol efflux, macrovascular function or other blood markers of CVD risk compared with the carbohydrate-matched control. Additional research is needed to clarify whether effects on these CVD risk factors depend on the relative health of participants and/or equol producing capacity.
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94
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Chen Y, Martynenko A. Storage stability of cranberry puree products processed with hydrothermodynamic (HTD) technology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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95
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Testai L, Calderone V. Nutraceutical Value of Citrus Flavanones and Their Implications in Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050502. [PMID: 28509871 PMCID: PMC5452232 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background- Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, dyslipidaemia and coronary artery pathology, are a major cause of illness and death in Western countries. Therefore, identifying effective therapeutic approaches and their cellular signalling pathways is a challenging goal for medicine. In this regard, several epidemiological studies demonstrate a relationship between the intake of flavonoid-rich foods and the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. In particular, flavonoids present in citrus fruits, such as oranges, bergamots, lemons and grapefruit (95% from flavanones), are emerging for their considerable nutraceutical value. Methods- In this review an examination of literature was performed while considering both epidemiological, clinical and pre-clinical evidence supporting the beneficial role of the flavanone class. We evaluated studies in which citrus fruit juices or single flavanone administration and cardiovascular risk factors were analysed; to identify these studies, an electronic search was conducted in PUBMED for papers fulfilling these criteria and written in English. Results- In addition to epidemiological evidence and clinical studies demonstrating that fruits in the Citrus genus significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease risk, pre-clinical investigations highlight cellular and subcellular targets that are responsible for these beneficial effects. There has been special attention on evaluating intracellular pathways involved in direct cardiovascular and cardiometabolic effects mediated by naringenin, hesperetin and eriodictyol or their glycosylated derivatives. Conclusions- Although some mechanisms of action remain unclear and bioavailability problems remain to be solved, the current evidence supports the use of a nutraceutical approach with citrus fruits to prevent and cure several aspects of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Department of Farmacia, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6 56120 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, via Del Borghetto, 80 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Farmacia, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6 56120 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, via Del Borghetto, 80 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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96
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Cassidy A. Berry anthocyanin intake and cardiovascular health. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 61:76-82. [PMID: 28483533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over half of all cardiovascular (CV) events could be prevented by improved diet. This is reflected in government targets for fruit/vegetable intake, yet these are variable across the world (UK: 5-a-day; USA: 9-a-day), do not identify specific fruits/vegetables, and prove hard to achieve. Mounting evidence from prospective studies, supported by recent randomised controlled trials suggest that the benefits of fruits/vegetables may be due to bioactive substances called flavonoids. Specifically one sub-class of flavonoids, the anthocyanins, responsible for the red/blue hue, are receiving growing attention. Although promising data is emerging from cohort studies, and cell/animal studies, proof of efficacy from longer-term randomised controlled trials, and an understanding of the importance of differential metabolism in relation to clinical efficacy are distinctly lacking. Diet related ill-health are among the leading priorities of our time and simple dietary change, including incorporating a few portions of anthocyanin-rich fruit into our diet could have a significant impact at a public health level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, James Watson Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom.
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97
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Absorption, Metabolism and Excretion of Cranberry (Poly)phenols in Humans: A Dose Response Study and Assessment of Inter-Individual Variability. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030268. [PMID: 28287476 PMCID: PMC5372931 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial health effects of cranberries have been attributed to their (poly)phenol content. Recent studies have investigated the absorption, metabolism and excretion of cranberry (poly)phenols; however, little is known about whether they follow a dose response in vivo at different levels of intake. An acute double-blind randomized controlled trial in 10 healthy men with cranberry juices containing 409, 787, 1238, 1534 and 1910 mg total (poly)phenols was performed. Blood and urine were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Sixty metabolites were identified in plasma and urine including cinnamic acids, dihydrocinnamic, flavonols, benzoic acids, phenylacetic acids, benzaldehydes, valerolactones, hippuric acids, catechols, and pyrogallols. Total plasma, but not excreted urinary (poly)phenol metabolites, exhibited a linear dose response (r2 = 0.74, p < 0.05), driven by caffeic acid 4-O-ß-d-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-ß-d-glucuronide, ferulic acid 4-O-ß-d-glucuronide, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid 3-O-ß-d-glucuronide, sinapic acid, ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid-4-O-sulfate, (4R)-5-(3′-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4′-O-sulfate, 4-methylgallic acid-3-O-sulfate, and isoferulic acid 3-O-sulfate (all r2 ≥ 0.89, p < 0.05). Inter-individual variability of the plasma metabolite concentration was broad and dependent on the metabolite. Herein, we show that specific plasma (poly)phenol metabolites are linearly related to the amount of (poly)phenols consumed in cranberry juice. The large inter-individual variation in metabolite profile may be due to variations in the gut microbiome.
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98
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Abstract
CVD remain the leading cause of death globally. Effective dietary strategies for their reduction are of high priority. Increasing evidence suggests that phytochemicals, particularly dietary flavonoids and nitrates, are key modulators of CVD risk reduction through impact on multiple risk factors. The aim of this review is to explore the evidence for the impact of flavonoid- and nitrate-rich foods and supplements on CVD risk, with specific reference to their importance as mediators of vascular health and platelet function. There is accumulating evidence to support benefits of dietary flavonoids on cardiovascular health. Dose-dependent recovery of endothelial function and lowering of blood pressure have been reported for the flavanol (-)-epicatechin, found in cocoa, apples and tea, through production and availability of endothelial nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, flavonoids, including quercetin and its metabolites, reduce in vitro and ex vivo platelet function via inhibition of phosphorylation-dependent cellular signalling pathways, although further in vivo studies are required to substantiate these mechanistic effects. Hypotensive effects of dietary nitrates have been consistently reported in healthy subjects in acute and chronic settings, although there is less evidence for these effects in patient groups. Proposed mechanisms of actions include endothelial-independent NO availability, which is dependent on the entro-salivary circulation and microbial conversion of dietary nitrate to nitrite in the mouth. In conclusion, flavonoid- and nitrate-rich foods show promising effects on vascular function, yet further randomly controlled studies are required to confirm these findings and to determine effective doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition,Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Alex Stainer
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR),University of Reading,Whiteknights,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Ditte A Hobbs
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition,Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
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99
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Lee YJ, Ahn Y, Kwon O, Lee MY, Lee CH, Lee S, Park T, Kwon SW, Kim JY. Dietary Wolfberry Extract Modifies Oxidative Stress by Controlling the Expression of Inflammatory mRNAs in Overweight and Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:309-316. [PMID: 28027641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous extract of wolfberry fruit (WBE) in mild hypercholesterolemic and overweight subjects. This study was a double-blind randomized trial of two parallel groups of free-living subjects (n = 53). The participants consumed the contents of an 80 mL pouch containing 13.5 g WBE or placebo after one meal per day over an 8-week period. Following 8 weeks of WBE supplementation, we observed a slight but significant decrease in erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and an increase in catalase activity. Furthermore, to assess endogenous DNA damage in lymphocytes, the alkaline comet assay was performed, showing that the percentage of DNA in the tail was significantly decreased by 8-week WBE intake. Additionally, the proportion of significantly deregulated mRNAs related to oxidative or inflammatory stress was considerably higher in the WBE intake group. The present data indicate that WBE intake has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in overweight and hypercholesterolemic subjects by modulating mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsook Ahn
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Youn Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul 139-743, Republic of Korea
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100
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Salden BN, Troost FJ, de Groot E, Stevens YR, Garcés-Rimón M, Possemiers S, Winkens B, Masclee AA. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of hesperidin 2S on validated cardiovascular biomarkers in healthy overweight individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1523-1533. [PMID: 27797708 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid with antioxidant and other biological properties, potentially exerts beneficial effects on endothelial function (EF). OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of hesperidin 2S supplementation on EF in overweight individuals. DESIGN This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which 68 individuals were randomly assigned to receive hesperidin 2S (450 mg/d) or a placebo for 6 wk. At baseline and after 6 wk of intervention, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed. Acute, reversible ED was induced by intake of a high-fat meal (HFM). A second FMD scan was performed 2 h postprandially, and adhesion molecules were assessed 2 and 4 h postprandially. An additional exploratory analysis was performed in subjects with baseline FMD ≥3%. RESULTS No significant change in fasting or postprandial FMD was observed after 6 wk of hesperidin intake compared with placebo intake. However, there was a trend for a reduction of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sP-selectin, SBP, and DBP after 6 wk of hesperidin treatment. In the FMD ≥3% group, hesperidin protected individuals from postprandial ED (P = 0.050) and significantly downregulated sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 (all P ≤ 0.030). The results reported in the current article were not adjusted for multiplicity. CONCLUSIONS Six weeks of consumption of hesperidin 2S did not improve basal or postprandial FMD in our total study population. There was a tendency toward a reduction of adhesion molecules and a decrease in SBP and DBP. Further exploratory analyses revealed that, in subjects with baseline FMD ≥3%, hesperidin 2S improved ED after an HFM and reduced adhesion molecules. These results indicate the cardiovascular health benefits of hesperidin 2S in overweight and obese individuals with a relatively healthy endothelium. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02228291.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouke N Salden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and
| | - Freddy J Troost
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and
| | - Eric de Groot
- Imagelabonline & Cardiovascular, Eindhoven and Lunteren, Netherlands.,Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sam Possemiers
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ad A Masclee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and
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