51
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Kunz DJ, Gomes T, James KR. Immune Cell Dynamics Unfolded by Single-Cell Technologies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1435. [PMID: 29997618 PMCID: PMC6028612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The single-cell revolution is paving the way towards the molecular characterisation of every cell type in the human body, revealing relationships between cell types and states at high resolution. Changes in cellular phenotypes are particularly prevalent in the immune system and can be observed in its continuous remodelling up to adulthood, response to disease and development of immunological memory. In this review, we delve into the world of cellular dynamics of the immune system. We discuss current single-cell experimental and computational approaches in this area, giving insights into plasticity and commitment of cell fates. Finally, we provide an outlook on upcoming technological developments and predict how these will improve our understanding of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Kunz
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Tomás Gomes
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Kylie R. James
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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52
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Kuo J, Warner TF, Schell RF. Arthritis is inhibited in Borrelia-primed and infected interleukin-17A-deficient mice after administration of anti-gamma-interferon, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha and anti-interleukin-6 antibodies. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:3934651. [PMID: 28859307 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role that cytokines play in the induction of Lyme arthritis is gradually being delineated. We showed previously that severe arthritis developed in a T-cell-driven murine model, even in mice lacking interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and administered anti-gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) antibody. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), two pro-inflammatory cytokines, were detected in cultures of popliteal lymph node cells obtained from these mice. We hypothesized that concomitantly administered anti-IL-6, anti-TNF-α and anti-IFN-γ antibodies would inhibit the development of arthritis in IL-17A-deficient mice. Our results showed that swelling of the hind paws and histopathological changes consistent with arthritis were significantly reduced in IL-17A-deficient mice that administered the three anti-cytokine antibodies. These results suggest that treatment with multiple anti-cytokine antibodies can abrogate the induction of Lyme arthritis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kuo
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas F Warner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Ronald F Schell
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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53
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The Immunoregulation of Th17 in Host against Intracellular Bacterial Infection. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6587296. [PMID: 29743811 PMCID: PMC5884031 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6587296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 cells (Th17) constitute a distinct subset of helper T cells with a unique transcriptional profile (STAT3, RORγ, and RORα), cytokine production pattern (IL17 family), and requirement of specific cytokines for their differentiation (TGF-β, IL6, IL21, and IL23). Recent studies involving experimental animals and humans have shown that Th17/IL17 plays a crucial role in host defense against a variety of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. The underlying mechanisms by which Th17 performs include dendritic cell (DC) regulation, neutrophil recruitment, Th1 modulation, and T regulatory cell (Treg) balance. In recent years, researchers have generated an accumulating wealth of evidence on the role of Th17/IL17 in protective immunity to intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Chlamydia trachomatis, which are one of the most important pathogens that inflict significant socioeconomic burden across the globe. In this article, we reviewed the current literature on the functions and mechanisms by which Th17/IL17 responds to intracellular bacterial infections. A better understanding of Th17/IL17 immunity to pathogens would be crucial for developing effective prophylactics and therapeutics.
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54
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Role of Interleukin- (IL-) 17 in the Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapies in Spondyloarthropathies. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2403935. [PMID: 29670461 PMCID: PMC5833467 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2403935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthropathy (SpA) is a unique type of joint inflammation characterized by coexisting erosive bone damage and pathological new bone formation. Previous genetic association studies have demonstrated that several cytokine pathways play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and other types of SpA. In addition to several well-known proinflammatory cytokines, recent studies suggest that IL-17 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of SpA. Further evidence from human and animal studies have defined that IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells contribute to tissue inflammation, autoimmunity, and host defense, leading to the following pathologic events associated with SpA. Recently, several clinical trials targeting IL-17 pathways demonstrated the positive response of IL-17 blockade in treating AS, indicating a great potential of IL-17-targeting therapy in SpA. In this review article, we have discussed the contributing role of IL-17 and different IL-17-producing cells in the pathogenesis of SpA and provided an outline of therapeutic application of the IL-17 blockade in the treatment of SpA. Other targeted cytokines associated with IL-17 axis in SpA will also be included.
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55
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Huppler AR, Gaffen SL. Editorial: Fake it 'til you make it: mast cells acquire IL-17 exogenously. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 100:445-6. [PMID: 27587375 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ce0216-071r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Huppler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital and Health System, Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; and
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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56
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Ogawa E, Sato Y, Minagawa A, Okuyama R. Pathogenesis of psoriasis and development of treatment. J Dermatol 2017; 45:264-272. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eisaku Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Dermatology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Akane Minagawa
- Department of Dermatology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okuyama
- Department of Dermatology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
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57
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Gupta RK, Gupta K, Dwivedi PD. Pathophysiology of IL-33 and IL-17 in allergic disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:22-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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58
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Schindler TI, Wagner JJ, Goedicke-Fritz S, Rogosch T, Coccejus V, Laudenbach V, Nikolaizik W, Härtel C, Maier RF, Kerzel S, Zemlin M. T H17 Cell Frequency in Peripheral Blood Is Elevated in Overweight Children without Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1543. [PMID: 29201026 PMCID: PMC5696328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased in children in the last few decades and is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Fat tissue produces IL-6 and TNF-α, which are stimuli for TH17 cell differentiation. These cells are characterized by expression of the transcription factor receptor-related orphan receptor C (RORC) and by IL-17A production. In murine models, obesity has been linked with elevated TH17 cell frequencies. The aim of this study was to explore whether being overweight was associated with an elevated frequency of circulating TH17 cells or elevated messenger RNA (mRNA)-levels of IL-17A and RORC in children without chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods We studied peripheral blood samples from 15 overweight and 50 non-overweight children without a history of autoimmune diseases, asthma, atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. TH17 cells were quantified in Ionomycin stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry using intracellular IL-17A staining. RORC- and IL-17A expressions were measured by real-time PCR. Results We found significantly elevated TH cell frequencies in overweight children compared then on-overweight controls with 34.7 ± 1.5% of CD3+CD4+ cells versus 25.4 ± 2.4% (mean ± SEM, p = 0.0023), respectively. Moreover, TH cell frequencies correlated positively with body mass index (r = 0.42, p = 0.0005, respectively). The relative mRNA expression of RORC (p = 0.013) and IL-17A (p = 0.014) were upregulated in overweight compared to non-overweight children. Conclusion Childhood obesity is an independent factor that is associated with an elevated frequency of circulating TH17 cells and higher expression of RORC- and IL-17A-mRNA after in vitro stimulation with Ionomycin. This might be due to the inflammatory activity of the fat tissue. Studies on TH17 immunity should not only be adjusted for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases but also for overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna-Josophina Wagner
- Children's Hospital, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Helios-Klinikum Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Children's Hospital, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Rogosch
- Children's Hospital, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastian Kerzel
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Children's Hospital, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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59
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Gu ZW, Wang YX, Cao ZW. Neutralization of interleukin-9 ameliorates symptoms of allergic rhinitis by reducing Th2, Th9, and Th17 responses and increasing the Treg response in a murine model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14314-14324. [PMID: 28187441 PMCID: PMC5362408 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel independent Th-cell subset, characterized by high expression of interleukin (IL)-9, has been recognized as the "Th9" subset. Although Th9 cells are important in many diseases, their contribution to allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. We therefore first determined whether Th9 cells were present in a mouse model of AR. We then investigated the their involvement in the distribution of CD4+ T-cell subsets and the symptoms of AR by treating mice with anti-IL-9 antibodies (Abs). Anti-IL-9 Abs were administered intranasally during rechallenge of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR in BALB/c mice. We measured nasal rubbing motion, sneezing and eosinophils, as well as the Th1 (Th1 cell percentage, Ifn-γ mRNA/protein, T-bet mRNA), Th2 (Th2 cell percentage, Il-4 mRNA/protein, Gata3 mRNA), Th9 (Th9 cell percentages Il-9 mRNA/protein, PU.1 and Irf4 mRNA), Th17 (Th17 cell percentage, Il-17 mRNA/protein, Rorγt mRNA), and Treg (Treg cell percentage, Foxp3 mRNA) responses in the nasal mucosa. Treatment with anti-IL-9 Abs markedly reduced nasal rubbing, sneezing, eosinophil infiltration, and Th2, Th9, and Th17 responses, and increased the Treg response. Our findings emphasize the importance of IL-9/Th9 in the pathogenesis of AR, and suggest that anti-IL-9 Ab treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wei Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University affiliated Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Xiu Wang
- Hematological Laboratory, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi Wei Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University affiliated Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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60
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Tao JH, Duan JA, Jiang S, Feng NN, Qiu WQ, Ling Y. Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ameliorate colitis rats by modulating the intestinal microbiota community. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80790-80803. [PMID: 29113344 PMCID: PMC5655239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microflora dysbiosis has been closely related with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, the effect of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat on the gut microbiota was evaluated by ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. Physiological and pathological analyses suggested that Chrysanthemum polysaccharides possessed notably protective effects on UC in vivo. Based on the Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA sequencing of the rat colonic contents indicated that the intestinal flora structure remarkably changed in the model rats and the tendency was alleviated to a certain degree by treatment with different dosages of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. In normal groups, there were more Firmicutes than Bacteroidetes, but this change lost at the pathological state. Following Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, rising Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was validated. Besides the microbial diversity and the community richness of the UC rats were improved by Chrysanthemum polysaccharides, the composition of intestinal microflora in the model group were also restored after oral administration of Chrysanthemum polysaccharides. The abundance of opportunistic pathogens was decreased (Escherichia, Enterococcus and Prevotella), while the levels of protective bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Clostridium (butyrate-producing bacteria), Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (probiotics), Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae elevated in various degrees. Correlation analysis between intestinal flora and biochemical factors suggested that the relative abundance of protective bacteria was positively correlated with the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11, while aggressive bacteria were positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-23、IL-6、 IF-17、TNF-α、IL-1β and IFN-γ. The above results showed that the intestinal flora were closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines in the body, and they interacted with each other to regulate immune function. Thus, Chrysanthemum polysaccharides could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by fostering beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the balance of intestinal microecology and restoring the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Nan-Nan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Wen-Qian Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
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Girolomoni G, Strohal R, Puig L, Bachelez H, Barker J, Boehncke W, Prinz J. The role of IL-23 and the IL-23/T H 17 immune axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1616-1626. [PMID: 28653490 PMCID: PMC5697699 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease affecting more than 100 million people worldwide and up to 2.2% of the UK population. The aetiology of psoriasis is thought to originate from an interplay of genetic, environmental, infectious and lifestyle factors. The manner in which genetic and environmental factors interact to contribute to the molecular disease mechanisms has remained elusive. However, the interleukin 23 (IL-23)/T-helper 17 (TH 17) immune axis has been identified as a major immune pathway in psoriasis disease pathogenesis. Central to this pathway is the cytokine IL-23, a heterodimer composed of a p40 subunit also found in IL-12 and a p19 subunit exclusive to IL-23. IL-23 is important for maintaining TH 17 responses, and levels of IL-23 are elevated in psoriatic skin compared with non-lesional skin. A number of agents that specifically inhibit IL-23p19 are currently in development for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, with recent clinical trials demonstrating efficacy with a good safety and tolerability profile. These data support the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. A better understanding of the IL-23/TH 17 immune axis is vital and will promote the development of additional targets for psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases that share similar genetic aetiology and pathogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Girolomoni
- Section of DermatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - R. Strohal
- Department of Dermatology and VenerologyFederal Academic Teaching Hospital of FeldkirchFeldkirchAustria
| | - L. Puig
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - H. Bachelez
- Sorbonne Paris CitéUniversité Paris DiderotParisFrance
- Department of DermatologyHôpital Saint‐LouisAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP)ParisFrance
- UMR INSERM U1163Institut ImagineParisFrance
| | - J. Barker
- St John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - W.H. Boehncke
- Division of DermatologyGeneva University HospitalsDepartment of Pathology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - J.C. Prinz
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
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Fan J, Luo J, Yan C, Hao R, Zhao X, Jia R, He J, Xu D, Miao M, Li X. Methotrexate, combined with cyclophosphamide attenuates murine collagen induced arthritis by modulating the expression level of Breg and DCs. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:106-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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63
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Moriyama M, Nakamura S. Th1/Th2 Immune Balance and Other T Helper Subsets in IgG4-Related Disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 401:75-83. [PMID: 27744510 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disease characterized by elevated serum IgG4 levels and a strong infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in various organs. IgG4-RD patients also frequently suffer from allergic diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. It is well known that T helper type 2 (Th2) cells have an important role in the initiation of allergic diseases, and Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 promote class switching to IgG4. Therefore, IgG4-RD is considered to be a Th2-predominant disease. However, other Th subsets, including regulatory T cells and T follicular helper cells, have recently received increasing attention with regard to the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. Exploring the interconnected network of Th subsets in IgG4-RD is a highly promising field of investigation. In this review, we focus on the localization and functions of individual Th subsets to clarify the involvement of these cells in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Moriyama
- OCT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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64
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Panahi Y, Ghanei M, Hassani S, Sahebkar A. TGF-β and Th17 cells related injuries in patients with sulfur mustard exposure. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3037-3047. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Hassani
- Department of Hematology; School of Allied Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Walliser I, Göbel TW. Generation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked chicken IL-17 to generate specific monoclonal antibodies applicable for intracellular cytokine staining. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 73:27-35. [PMID: 28284737 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokines play a crucial role in host defense and inflammatory diseases. Of the six mammalian IL-17 members five are described in the chicken (gg) genome. A novel method that attached cytokines to the surface of cells via a GPI linker was established to generate two chicken IL-17A and one chicken IL-17F specific mab. Recombinant gg IL-17A and gg IL-17F that showed dimerization in Western blot were used to verify the antibodies specificity. The mab could detect gg IL-17 by intracellular cytokine staining as demonstrated on cells expressing recombinant IL-17. Furthermore IL-17A and lower amounts of IL-17F were detectable in CD4 positive T cells of stimulated splenocytes. In conclusion, we have generated novel tools to analyze chicken IL-17 in more detail and demonstrated that the surface expression of cytokines is a reliable method to generate specific mab applicable for intracellular cytokine staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Walliser
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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66
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Han SH, Hur MS, Kim MJ, Kim BM, Kim KW, Kim HR, Choe YB, Ahn KJ, Lee YW. Preliminary study of histamine H 4 receptor expressed on human CD4 + T cells and its immunomodulatory potency in the IL-17 pathway of psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 88:29-35. [PMID: 28592369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown the expression of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) on CD4+ T cells, especially human CD4+ Th2-polarized T cells. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of H4R on these effector T cells in psoriasis. METHODS We enrolled three patients each with active psoriasis, inactive psoriasis, scalp seborrheic dermatitis, and three normal controls, and compared the basal expression of H4R mRNA in their peripheral blood CD4+ T cells. Then, we identified H4R expression in dermal CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, we investigated H4R expression after stimulating separated peripheral blood CD4+ T cells with several inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS The results showed higher H4R expression in the active psoriasis group compared to the inactive psoriasis group. It was interesting that interleukin (IL)-23, which is a representative cytokine contributing to Th17 cell differentiation, stimulated H4R expression significantly. After adding a selective H4R antagonist (JNJ-7777120) while the CD4+ T cells were polarized into Th17 cells, we observed a tendency toward suppressed IL-17 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Histamine stimulation influences the IL-17 pathway in psoriasis via the fourth histamine receptor subtype, H4R, on CD4+ T cells. The immunomodulatory roles of H4R suggest its potency as a new therapeutic target for obstinate psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Han
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Hur
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Woon Kim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Choe
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Orczyk K, Świdrowska-Jaros J, Smolewska E. When a patient suspected with juvenile idiopathic arthritis turns out to be diagnosed with an infectious disease - a review of Lyme arthritis in children. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2017; 15:35. [PMID: 28482848 PMCID: PMC5422956 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-017-0166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lyme arthritis is a common manifestation of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete. Despite its infectious background, the inflammation clinically and histopatologically resembles juvenile idiopathic arthritis. As it affects a considerable number of Lyme disease patients, it should be routinely considered in differential diagnosis. Development of arthritis is partially dependent on spirochetal factors, including the ribosomal spacer type and the sequence of outer surface protein C. Immunological background involves Th1-related response, but IL-17 provides an additional route of developing arthritis. Autoimmune mechanisms may lead to antibiotic-refractory arthritis. The current diagnostic standard is based on a 2-step testing: ELISA screening and immunoblot confirmation. Other suggested methods contain modified two-tier test with C6 ELISA instead of immunoblot. An initial 28-day course of oral antibiotics (doxycycline, cefuroxime axetil or amoxicillin) is a recommended treatment. Severe cases require further anti-inflammatory management. Precise investigation of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Orczyk
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Sporna 36/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Świdrowska-Jaros
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Sporna 36/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Smolewska
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Sporna 36/50, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
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68
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Gu ZW, Wang YX, Cao ZW. Neutralization of interleukin-17 suppresses allergic rhinitis symptoms by downregulating Th2 and Th17 responses and upregulating the Treg response. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22361-22369. [PMID: 28423590 PMCID: PMC5410229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) has long been considered to predominantly involve the actions of Th2 cells, with relatively small contributions from Th1 cells. In recent years, the discovery of Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells has rendered the Th1/Th2 balance paradigm more complex and expanded our understanding of the pathogenesis of AR. IL-17, a key cytokine produced by Th17 cells, is known to induce allergen-specific Th2 cell activation, eosinophil and neutrophil accumulation, and serum IgE production in asthma; all of these features may play important roles in AR. To the best of our knowledge, only a few studies have assessed the feasibility of using IL-17 antagonists to treat AR. Thus, the principal objectives of the present study were, first, to determine the status of Th17 and Treg cells in the nasal mucosa of a mouse model of AR, and, second, to investigate the effects of IL-17 on such cells and the therapeutic efficacy of anti-IL-17 antibodies (Abs) in the context of AR. Anti-IL-17 Abs were given intranasally during the re-challenge of BALB/c mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR. We measured the numbers of nasal rubbing motions and sneezes, eosinophil and neutrophil levels, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg parameters in the nasal mucosa. Anti-IL-17 Abs markedly reduced the number of nasal rubbing motions and sneezes, decreased eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, reduced Th2 and Th17 responses, and increased the Treg response. Anti-IL-17 Ab treatment protects against AR. These results will improve our understanding of AR pathogenesis and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for management of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wei Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Xiu Wang
- Department of Medical Insurance, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi Wei Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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69
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Yuan Q, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Liu X. Low regulatory T cell and high IL-17 mRNA expression in a mouse Graves' disease model. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:397-407. [PMID: 27822606 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease, and the most important characteristic of it is the presence of the thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb). The mechanisms of the TSAb elevation are still uncertain. Recent studies have suggested that the dysregulation of regulatory T cell (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) might stimulate the production of TSAb and be a pathogenesis of GD. However, the role of Treg and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of GD is still debated. Our aim is to assess changes of Treg and Th17 cells in the spleen of a mouse in an in vivo GD model and try to explain the pathogenesis of GD. METHODS We used an adenovirus expressing the autoantigen thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (Ad-TSHR289) to immunise mice in order to induce GD in the model. Flow cytometry was used to measure the frequencies of splenic Treg and Th17 cells and real-time PCR to analyse the mRNA expression of forkhead box P3(Foxp3) and interleukin-17(IL-17). RESULTS Compared with the Ad-Control group, the frequencies of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells were significantly decreased (p = 0.007) and gene expression of Foxp3 was down-regulated (p = 0.001) in the Ad-TSHR289 group. Though there was no significant difference in CD4+IL-17+ T cell subpopulation between the two groups (p = 0.336), the IL-17 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in the Ad-TSHR289 group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of GD may be associated with reduced Treg cells and increased IL-17 gene expression. The increased IL-17 mRNA needs to be explained by other mechanisms but not Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yuan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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70
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Kuo J, Warner TF, Schell RF. Borrelia-primed and -infected mice deficient of interleukin-17 develop arthritis after neutralization of gamma-interferon. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:2975570. [PMID: 28175297 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune mechanisms responsible for development of Lyme arthritis are partially understood with interleukin-17 (IL-17) and gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) playing a generally accepted role. Elevated levels of IL-17 and/or IFN-γ have been reported in samples from human Lyme arthritis patients and experimental mice. In addition, IL-17 and IFN-γ have been implicated in the onset of arthritis in Borrelia-primed and -infected C57BL/6 mice. Recently, we showed that IL-17-deficient mice developed swelling and histopathological changes consistent with arthritis in the presence of high levels of IFN-γ. We hypothesized that neutralization of IFN-γ in IL-17-deficient mice would inhibit Borrelia-induced arthritis. Our results, however, showed that swelling of the hind paws and histopathological changes of arthritis did not differ between Borrelia-primed and -infected IL-17-deficient and wild-type mice with or without neutralization of IFN-γ. We also found higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 in the popliteal lymph node cells of Borrelia-primed and -infected IL-17-deficient mice after neutralization of IFN-γ. These results suggest that multiple cytokines interact in the development of Borrelia-induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kuo
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas F Warner
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ronald F Schell
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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71
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Banuelos J, Cao Y, Shin SC, Lu NZ. Immunopathology alters Th17 cell glucocorticoid sensitivity. Allergy 2017; 72:331-341. [PMID: 27646878 PMCID: PMC5315659 DOI: 10.1111/all.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells contribute to several inflammatory conditions and increasing evidence supports that Th17 cells are glucocorticoid resistant. However, Th17 cells in psoriasis and related diseases are glucocorticoid sensitive. We compare glucocorticoid sensitive and resistant immunological diseases and suggest that several aspects in Th17-related diseases alter glucocorticoid sensitivity of Th17 cells. We identify molecular pathways that are implicated in glucocorticoid sensitivity of Th17 cells in the literature, as this information is useful for developing approaches to overcome glucocorticoid-resistant immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Banuelos
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Y. Cao
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - S. C. Shin
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - N. Z. Lu
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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72
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Hutton AJ, Polak ME, Spalluto CM, Wallington JC, Pickard C, Staples KJ, Warner JA, Wilkinson TMA. Human Lung Fibroblasts Present Bacterial Antigens to Autologous Lung Th Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:110-118. [PMID: 27895174 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts are key structural cells that reside in the submucosa where they are in contact with large numbers of CD4+ Th cells. During severe viral infection and chronic inflammation, the submucosa is susceptible to bacterial invasion by lung microbiota such as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Given their proximity in tissue, we hypothesized that human lung fibroblasts play an important role in modulating Th cell responses to NTHi. We demonstrate that fibroblasts express the critical CD4+ T cell Ag-presentation molecule HLA-DR within the human lung, and that this expression can be recapitulated in vitro in response to IFN-γ. Furthermore, we observed that cultured lung fibroblasts could internalize live NTHi. Although unable to express CD80 and CD86 in response to stimulation, fibroblasts expressed the costimulatory molecules 4-1BBL, OX-40L, and CD70, all of which are related to memory T cell activation and maintenance. CD4+ T cells isolated from the lung were predominantly (mean 97.5%) CD45RO+ memory cells. Finally, cultured fibroblasts activated IFN-γ and IL-17A cytokine production by autologous, NTHi-specific lung CD4+ T cells, and cytokine production was inhibited by a HLA-DR blocking Ab. These results indicate a novel role for human lung fibroblasts in contributing to responses against bacterial infection through activation of bacteria-specific CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hutton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marta E Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - C Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Joshua C Wallington
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Chris Pickard
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jane A Warner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; and.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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73
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Segueni N, Tritto E, Bourigault ML, Rose S, Erard F, Le Bert M, Jacobs M, Di Padova F, Stiehl DP, Moulin P, Brees D, Chibout SD, Ryffel B, Kammüller M, Quesniaux VF. Controlled Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice under treatment with anti-IL-17A or IL-17F antibodies, in contrast to TNFα neutralization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36923. [PMID: 27853279 PMCID: PMC5113257 DOI: 10.1038/srep36923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting IL-17A or its receptor IL-17RA show unprecedented efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. These therapies, by neutralizing critical mediators of immunity, may increase susceptibility to infections. Here, we compared the effect of antibodies neutralizing IL-17A, IL-17F or TNFα on murine host responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by evaluating lung transcriptomic, microbiological and histological analyses. Coinciding with a significant increase of mycobacterial burden and pathological changes following TNFα blockade, gene array analyses of infected lungs revealed major changes of inflammatory and immune gene expression signatures 4 weeks post-infection. Specifically, gene expression associated with host-pathogen interactions, macrophage recruitment, activation and polarization, host-antimycobacterial activities, immunomodulatory responses, as well as extracellular matrix metallopeptidases, were markedly modulated by TNFα blockade. IL-17A or IL-17F neutralization elicited only mild changes of few genes without impaired host resistance four weeks after M. tuberculosis infection. Further, the absence of both IL-17RA and IL-22 pathways in genetically deficient mice did not profoundly compromise host control of M. tuberculosis over a 6-months period, ruling out potential compensation between these two pathways, while TNFα-deficient mice succumbed rapidly. These data provide experimental confirmation of the low clinical risk of mycobacterial infection under anti-IL-17A therapy, in contrast to anti-TNFα treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noria Segueni
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- University of Orleans, INEM, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France
| | - Elaine Tritto
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Laure Bourigault
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- University of Orleans, INEM, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France
| | - Stéphanie Rose
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- University of Orleans, INEM, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France
| | - François Erard
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- University of Orleans, INEM, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France
| | - Marc Le Bert
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- University of Orleans, INEM, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Franco Di Padova
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P. Stiehl
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Moulin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Brees
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salah-Dine Chibout
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- University of Orleans, INEM, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Kammüller
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerie F. Quesniaux
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- University of Orleans, INEM, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France
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74
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Hansen ES, Johnson ME, Schell RF, Nardelli DT. CD4+ cell-derived interleukin-17 in a model of dysregulated, Borrelia-induced arthritis. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw084. [PMID: 27549424 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis, which is caused in the United States by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, may manifest as different arrays of signs, symptoms and severities between infected individuals. Recent studies have indicated that particularly severe forms of Lyme borreliosis in humans are associated with an increased Th17 response. Here, we hypothesized that a murine model combining the dysregulated immune response of an environment lacking interleukin-10 (IL-10) with a robust T-cell-driven inflammatory response would reflect arthritis associated with the production of IL-17 by CD4+ cells. We demonstrate that IL-10 regulates the production of IL-17 by Borrelia-primed CD4+ cells early after interaction with Lyme spirochetes in vitro and that infection of Borrelia-primed mice with B. burgdorferi leads to significant production of IL-17 that contributes to the development of severe arthritis. These results extend our previous findings by demonstrating that a dysregulated adaptive immune response to Lyme spirochetes can contribute to severe, Th17-associated arthritis. These findings may lead to therapeutic measures for individuals with particularly severe symptoms of Lyme borreliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee WI 53211, USA
| | - Megan E Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee WI 53211, USA
| | - Ronald F Schell
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dean T Nardelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee WI 53211, USA
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75
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Kuo J, Warner TF, Munson EL, Nardelli DT, Schell RF. Arthritis is developed in Borrelia-primed and -infected mice deficient of interleukin-17. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw077. [PMID: 27493062 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been shown to participate in the development of Lyme arthritis in experimental mice. For example, neutralization of IL-17 with antibodies inhibits induction of arthritis in Borrelia-primed and -infected C57BL/6 wild-type mice. We hypothesized that mice lacking IL-17 would fail to develop Borrelia-induced arthritis. IL-17-deficient and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were primed with heat-inactivated Borrelia and then infected with viable spirochetes 3 weeks later. No swelling or major histopathological changes of the hind paws were detected in IL-17-deficient or wild-type mice that were primed with Borrelia or infected with viable spirochetes. By contrast, IL-17-deficient and wild-type mice that were primed and subsequently infected with heterologous Borrelia developed severe swelling and histopathological changes of the hind paws. In addition, Borrelia-primed and -infected IL-17-deficient mice exhibited elevated gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) levels in sera and increased frequencies of IFN-γ-expressing lymphocytes in popliteal lymph nodes compared to Borrelia-primed and -infected wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that IL-17 is not required for development of severe pathology in response to infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, but may contribute to disease through an interaction with IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kuo
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas F Warner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Erik L Munson
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Dean T Nardelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Ronald F Schell
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Abstract
The human body combats infection and promotes wound healing through the remarkable process of inflammation. Inflammation is characterized by the recruitment of stromal cell activity including recruitment of immune cells and induction of angiogenesis. These cellular processes are regulated by a class of soluble molecules called cytokines. Based on function, cell target, and structure, cytokines are subdivided into several classes including: interleukins, chemokines, and lymphokines. While cytokines regulate normal physiological processes, chronic deregulation of cytokine expression and activity contributes to cancer in many ways. Gene polymorphisms of all types of cytokines are associated with risk of disease development. Deregulation RNA and protein expression of interleukins, chemokines, and lymphokines have been detected in many solid tumors and hematopoetic malignancies, correlating with poor patient prognosis. The current body of literature suggests that in some tumor types, interleukins and chemokines work against the human body by signaling to cancer cells and remodeling the local microenvironment to support the growth, survival, and invasion of primary tumors and enhance metastatic colonization. Some lymphokines are downregulated to suppress tumor progression by enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity and inhibiting tumor cell survival. In this review, we will describe the structure/function of several cytokine families and review our current understanding on the roles and mechanisms of cytokines in tumor progression. In addition, we will also discuss strategies for exploiting the expression and activity of cytokines in therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yao
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - G Brummer
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - D Acevedo
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - N Cheng
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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Meng P, Zhao S, Niu X, Fu N, Su S, Wang R, Zhang Y, Qiao L, Nan Y. Involvement of the Interleukin-23/Interleukin-17 Axis in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Its Treatment Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071070. [PMID: 27428948 PMCID: PMC4964446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) and its downstream factor IL-17 are the key cytokines involved in immune and inflammatory response in chronic liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of the IL-23/Th17 axis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and the efficacy of IL-23/Th17 modulation in response to anti-HCV therapy. Sixty-six HCV-infected patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. The patients received PegIFNa-2a and ribavirin therapy for at least 48 weeks. The plasma level of IL-23 and the number of IL-17A-, IFN-γ-, and IL-21-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and 12, 24, and 48 weeks following treatment were determined. The mRNA level of Th17 immune-associated molecules in PBMCs was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) following treatment with IL-23 agonist or antagonist. Our data showed that, compared to healthy controls, HCV-infected patients had an increased plasma level of IL-23 and increased frequencies of IL-17A- and IFN-γ-producing PBMCs, whereas the HCV patients exhibited a reduced number of IL-21-producing PBMCs. However, the baseline frequencies of IL-21-producing PBMCs were markedly higher in HCV patients who achieved rapid virological response (RVR) than those without RVR. Additionally, the mRNA expressions of IL-21, IFN-γ, myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were significantly upregulated in PBMCs, while FoxP3 expression was suppressed by IL-23 agonist. Thus, the IL-23/Th17 axis plays an important role in development of chronic HCV infection and antiviral response. IL-23 may enhance the antiviral activity of interferon-based therapy by modulating the expression of Th17 cells-associated molecules in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Meng
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Xuemin Niu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Shanshan Su
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Rongqi Wang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), the University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
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78
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Saliganti V, Kapila R, Kapila S, Bhat MI. Probiotics in the modulation of maternal–infant immunity: Implications for allergic diseases. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1198913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wang X, Chen X, Tang H, Zhu J, Zhou S, Xu Z, Liu F, Su C. Increased Frequency of Th17 Cells in Children With Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:1214-1219. [PMID: 27240139 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae, MP) is recognized globally as a significant cause of primary atypical pneumonia in humans, particularly in children. Overzealous host immune responses are viewed as key mediators of the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection. Although Th17 cells have been identified as key modulators in the clearance of pathogens and induction of autoimmunity caused by excessive immune responses, little is known about the role of Th17 cells in patients with M. pneumoniae infection. METHODS The percentages of T cells, CD4+ T cells and Th17 cells in children with M. pneumoniae infection were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS We documented an increased frequency of Th17 cells in children with M. pneumoniae infection. Furthermore, we found a significantly higher percentage of Th17 cells in M. pneumoniae-infected children with extrapulmonary manifestations, compared with children without extrapulmonary manifestations. In addition, patients who experienced a short course of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) showed an increase in the percentage of Th17 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Th17 cells may be involved in the clearance of M. pneumoniae during an acute infection. Excessive Th17 cell responses may also contribute to the immuno-pathological damage observed during persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Chuan Su
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China. ,
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80
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Zhang L, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Han J, Yang H. The Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection suppresses Th17 cells response in vivo. Vet Microbiol 2016; 189:75-85. [PMID: 27259830 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been shown to immunomodulate innate and adaptive immunity of pigs. The Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) infection causes severe bacterial secondary infection in pigs. However, the mechanism in relation to the bacterial secondary infection induced by HP-PRRSV remains unknown. In the present study, Th17 cells response in peripheral blood, lungs, spleens and lymph nodes of piglets were analyzed, and bacterial loads in lungs of piglets were examined upon HP-PRRSV infection. Meanwhile the changes of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood of the inoculated piglets were analyzed. The results showed that HP-PRRSV-inoculated piglets exhibited a suppressed Th17 cells response in peripheral blood and a reduced number of Th17 cells in lungs, and higher bacterial loads in lungs, compared with low pathogenic PRRSV. Moreover, HP-PRRSV obviously resulted in severe depletion of porcine T cells in peripheral blood at the early stage of infection. These findings indicate that HP-PRRSV infection suppresses the response of Th17 cells that play an important role in combating bacterial infections, suggesting a possible correlation between the suppression of Th17 cells response in vivo and bacterial secondary infection induced by HP-PRRSV. Our present study adds a novel insight into better understanding of the pathogenesis of the Chinese HP-PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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81
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Toda T, Yoshino S. Amorphous nanosilica particles block induction of oral tolerance in mice. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:723-8. [PMID: 27086695 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1171266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system is exposed to non-self antigens in food and the gut microbiota. Therefore, the recognition of orally ingested non-self antigens is suppressed in healthy individuals to avoid excessive immune responses in a process called "oral tolerance". The breakdown of oral tolerance has been cited as a possible cause of food allergy, and amorphous silica nanoparticles (nSP) have been implicated in this breakdown. As nSP are widely used in foodstuffs and other products, exposure to them is increasing; thus, investigations of any effects of nSP on oral tolerance are urgent. This study evaluated the effects of nSP30 (particle diameter = 39 nm) on immunological unresponsiveness induced in mice with oral ovalbumin (OVA). Specifically, production of OVA-specific antibodies, splenocyte proliferation in response to OVA, and effects on T-helper (TH)-1, TH2, and TH17 responses (in terms of cytokine and IgG/IgE subclass expression) were evaluated. nSP30 increased the levels of OVA-specific IgG in OVA-tolerized mice and induced the proliferation of OVA-immunized splenocytes in response to OVA in a dose-related manner. nSP30 also increased the expression of OVA-specific IgG1, IgE, and IgG2a, indicating stimulation of the TH1 and TH2 responses. The expression of interferon (IFN)-γ (TH1), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 (TH2), and IL-17 (TH17) was also stimulated in a dose-related manner by nSP30 in splenocytes stimulated ex vivo with OVA. The induction of tolerance by OVA, the production of anti-OVA IgG antibodies, and proliferation of splenocytes in response to OVA was inhibited by nSP30 in conjunction with OVA and was dose-related. The nSP30 enhanced TH1 and TH2 responses that might prevent the induction of oral tolerance. Overall, this study showed that the abrogation of OVA-induced oral tolerance in mice by exposure to nSP30 was dose-related and that nSP30 stimulated TH1, TH2, and TH17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguto Toda
- a Department of Pharmacology , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan ;,b Drug Developmental Research Laboratories , Shionogi & Co., Ltd. , Osaka , Japan
| | - Shin Yoshino
- a Department of Pharmacology , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe , Japan
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82
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Ayala-Fontánez N, Soler DC, McCormick TS. Current knowledge on psoriasis and autoimmune diseases. PSORIASIS-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2016; 6:7-32. [PMID: 29387591 PMCID: PMC5683130 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s64950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, mediated by crosstalk between epidermal keratinocytes, dermal vascular cells, and immunocytes such as antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. Exclusive cellular “responsibility” for the induction and maintenance of psoriatic plaques has not been clearly defined. Increased proliferation of keratinocytes and endothelial cells in conjunction with APC/T cell/monocyte/macrophage inflammation leads to the distinct epidermal and vascular hyperplasia that is characteristic of lesional psoriatic skin. Despite the identification of numerous susceptibility loci, no single genetic determinant has been identified as responsible for the induction of psoriasis. Thus, numerous other triggers of disease, such as environmental, microbial and complex cellular interactions must also be considered as participants in the development of this multifactorial disease. Recent advances in therapeutics, especially systemic so-called “biologics” have provided new hope for identifying the critical cellular targets that drive psoriasis pathogenesis. Recent recognition of the numerous co-morbidities and other autoimmune disorders associated with psoriasis, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus suggest common signaling elements and cellular mediators may direct disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss common cellular pathways and participants that mediate psoriasis and other autoimmune disorders that share these cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilmarie Ayala-Fontánez
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David C Soler
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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83
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IL-17 in Chronic Inflammation: From Discovery to Targeting. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:230-241. [PMID: 26837266 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine which elicits protection against extracellular bacterial and fungal infections and which plays important roles in inflammation. However, when produced in excess, it contributes to chronic inflammation associated with many inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. This has made IL-17 an attractive therapeutic target. The present review describes the structure of the IL-17 family, the IL-17 receptor complex, and the cells producing IL-17. The contributions of IL-17 to disease as well as new IL-17-based treatment options are discussed. Finally, the results of IL-17 or IL-17 receptor inhibitors in clinical trials are detailed. With a fruitful outlook, drug registration has now been granted for psoriasis psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, and also bears great potential in a growing number of conditions.
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84
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Enigma of IL-17 and Th17 Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and in Autoimmune Animal Models of Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6145810. [PMID: 26903711 PMCID: PMC4745575 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6145810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders characterized by the chronic and progressive inflammation of various organs, most notably the synovia of joints leading to joint destruction, a shorter life expectancy, and reduced quality of life. Although we have substantial information about the pathophysiology of the disease with various groups of immune cells and soluble mediators identified to participate in the pathogenesis, several aspects of the altered immune functions and regulation in RA remain controversial. Animal models are especially useful in such scenarios. Recently research focused on IL-17 and IL-17 producing cells in various inflammatory diseases such as in RA and in different rodent models of RA. These studies provided occasionally contradictory results with IL-17 being more prominent in some of the models than in others; the findings of such experimental setups were sometimes inconclusive compared to the human data. The aim of this review is to summarize briefly the recent advancements on the role of IL-17, particularly in the different rodent models of RA.
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85
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Araújo JAP, Mesquita D, Cruvinel WDM, Salmazi KI, Kallás EG, Andrade LEC. Linfócitos Th17 e linfócitos T CD4+ multifuncionais em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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86
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Araújo JAP, Mesquita D, de Melo Cruvinel W, Salmazi KI, Kallás EG, Andrade LEC. Th17 cells and CD4(+) multifunctional T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2015; 56:28-36. [PMID: 27267331 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Recent evidence suggests that abnormalities involving Th17 lymphocytes are associated with the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, multifunctional T cells (MFT), i.e., those producing multiple cytokines simultaneously, are present in the inflammatory milieu and may be implicated in the autoimmune process observed in SLE. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the functional status of CD4(+) T cells in SLE by simultaneously determining the concentration of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17 in lymphocyte cultures under exogenous and self-antigenic stimuli. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighteen patients with active disease, 18 with inactive disease, and 14 healthy controls had functional status of CD4(+) T cells analyzed. RESULTS We found that SLE patients presented a decreased number of total CD4(+) cells, an increased number of activated T cells, and an increased frequency of Th17 cells compared to healthy controls (HC). MFT cells had increased frequency in SLE patients and there was an increased frequency of tri-functional MFT in patients with active SLE compared with those with inactive SLE. Interestingly, MTF cells produced larger amounts of IFNγ than mono-functional T cells in patients and controls. CONCLUSION Taken together these data indicate the participation of recently activated Th17 cells and MTF cells in the SLE pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Mesquita
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson de Melo Cruvinel
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomedicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Karina Inácio Salmazi
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Esper Georges Kallás
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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87
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Thysen AH, Rasmussen MA, Kreiner-Møller E, Larsen JM, Følsgaard NV, Bønnelykke K, Stokholm J, Bisgaard H, Brix S. Season of birth shapes neonatal immune function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1238-1246.e13. [PMID: 26581916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth season has been reported to be a risk factor for several immune-mediated diseases. We hypothesized that this association is mediated by differential changes in neonatal immune phenotype and function with birth season. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the influence of season of birth on cord blood immune cell subsets and inflammatory mediators in neonatal airways. METHODS Cord blood was phenotyped for 26 different immune cell subsets, and at 1 month of age, 20 cytokines and chemokines were quantified in airway mucosal lining fluid. Multivariate partial least squares discriminant analyses were applied to determine whether certain immune profiles dominate by birth season, and correlations between individual cord blood immune cells and early airway immune mediators were defined. RESULTS We found a birth season-related fluctuation in neonatal immune cell subsets and in early-life airway mucosal immune function. The seasonal airway immune pattern was associated with the number of activated and regulatory T cells in cord blood whereas it was independent of concomitant presence of pathogenic airway microbes. Specifically, summer newborns presented with the lowest levels of all cell types and mediators; fall newborns displayed high levels of activated T cells and mucosal IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-13, IL-10, and IL-2; and winter newborns had the highest levels of innate immune cells, IL-5, type 17-related immune mediators, and activated T cells. CONCLUSION Birth season fluctuations seem to affect neonatal immune development and result in differential potentiation of cord blood immune cells and early airway mucosal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hammerich Thysen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Spectroscopy and Chemometrics, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eskil Kreiner-Møller
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Nilofar Vahman Følsgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Brix
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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88
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Londhe P, Guttridge DC. Inflammation induced loss of skeletal muscle. Bone 2015; 80:131-142. [PMID: 26453502 PMCID: PMC4600538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important contributor to the pathology of diseases implicated in skeletal muscle dysfunction. A number of diseases and disorders including inflammatory myopathies and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) are characterized by chronic inflammation or elevation of the inflammatory mediators. While these disease states exhibit different pathologies, all have in common the loss of skeletal muscle mass and a deregulated skeletal muscle physiology. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are key contributors to chronic inflammation found in many of these diseases. This section of the review focuses on some of the known inflammatory disorders like COPD, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and inflammatory myopathies that display skeletal muscle atrophy and also provides the reader an overview of the mediators of inflammation, their signaling pathways, and mechanisms of action. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Londhe
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
The HIV epidemic has clearly demonstrated the critical role CD4(+) T cells play in preventing opportunistic infections in the lung. The types of CD4(+) effector T-cell populations in the lung have significantly expanded over the last 8-10 years with the discovery of helper T type 17 cells, and this review summarizes the field and discusses how these effector cells may be exploited to augment mucosal immunity in the lung.
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90
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Lochner M, Wang Z, Sparwasser T. The Special Relationship in the Development and Function of T Helper 17 and Regulatory T Cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 136:99-129. [PMID: 26615094 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells play an essential role in the clearance of extracellular pathogenic bacteria and fungi. However, this subset is critically involved in the pathology of many autoimmune diseases, e.g., psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. Therefore, Th17 responses need to be tightly regulated in vivo to mediate effective host defenses against pathogens without causing excessive host tissue damage. Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance to self-antigens and in counteracting the inflammatory activity of effector T helper cell subsets. Although Th17 and Treg cells represent two CD4(+) T cell subsets with opposing principal functions, these cell types are functionally connected. In this review, we will first give an overview on the biology of Th17 cells and describe their development and in vivo function, followed by an account on the special developmental relationship between Th17 and Treg cells. We will describe the identification of Treg/Th17 intermediates and consider their lineage stability and function in vivo. Finally, we will discuss how Treg cells may regulate the Th17 cell response in the context of infection and inflammation, and elude on findings demonstrating that Treg cells can also have a prominent function in promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research: A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Zuobai Wang
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research: A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research: A Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany.
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91
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Infection of Interleukin 17 Receptor A-Deficient C3H Mice with Borrelia burgdorferi Does Not Affect Their Development of Lyme Arthritis and Carditis. Infect Immun 2015; 83:2882-8. [PMID: 25939508 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00533-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a number of studies have reported the presence of interleukin 17 (IL-17) in patients with Lyme disease, and several murine studies have suggested a role for this cytokine in the development of Lyme arthritis. However, the role of IL-17 has not been studied using the experimental Lyme borreliosis model of infection of C3H mice with Borrelia burgdorferi. In the current study, we investigated the role of IL-17 in the development of experimental Lyme borreliosis by infecting C3H mice devoid of the common IL-17 receptor A subunit (IL-17RA) and thus deficient in most IL-17 signaling. Infection of both C3H and C3H IL-17RA(-/-) mice led to the production of high levels of IL-17 in the serum, low levels in the heart tissue, and no detectable IL-17 in the joint tissue. The development and severity of arthritis and carditis in the C3H IL-17RA(-/-) mice were similar to what was seen in wild-type C3H mice. In addition, development of antiborrelia antibodies and clearance of spirochetes from tissues were similar for the two mouse strains. These results demonstrate a limited role for IL-17 signaling through IL-17RA in the development of disease following infection of C3H mice with B. burgdorferi.
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92
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Kostic M, Stojanovic I, Marjanovic G, Zivkovic N, Cvetanovic A. Deleterious versus protective autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis. Cell Immunol 2015; 296:122-32. [PMID: 25944389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system, in which myelin specific CD4(+) T cells have a central role in orchestrating pathological events involved in disease pathogenesis. There is compelling evidence that Th1, Th9 and Th17 cells, separately or in cooperation, could mediate deleterious autoimmune response in MS. However, the phenotype differences between Th cell subpopulations initially employed in MS pathogenesis are mainly reflected in the different patterns of inflammation introduction, which results in the development of characteristic pathological features (blood-brain barrier disruption, demyelination and neurodegeneration), clinically presented with MS symptoms. Although, autoimmunity was traditionally seen as deleterious, some studies indicated that autoimmunity mediated by Th2 cells and T regulatory cells could be protective by nature. The concept of protective autoimmunity in MS pathogenesis is still poorly understood, but could be of great importance in better understanding of MS immunology and therefore, creating better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Kostic
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Stojanovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Goran Marjanovic
- Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Nikola Zivkovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ana Cvetanovic
- Clinic of Oncology, Clinical Centre, Blvd. Dr. Zorana Djindjica 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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93
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Abstract
The discovery that the IL-23-IL-17 immune pathway is involved in many models of autoimmune disease has changed the concept of the role of T-helper cell subsets in the development of autoimmunity. In addition to TH17 cells, IL-17 is also produced by other T cell subsets and innate immune cells; which of these IL-17-producing cells have a role in tissue inflammation, and the timing, location and nature of their role(s), is incompletely understood. The current view is that innate and adaptive immune cells expressing the IL-23 receptor become pathogenic after exposure to IL-23, but further investigation into the role of IL-23 and IL-17 at different stages in the development and progression of chronic (destructive) inflammatory diseases is needed. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) are the two most common forms of chronic immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis, and the IL-23-IL-17 axis is thought to have a critical role in both. This Review discusses the basic mechanisms of these cytokines in RA and SpA on the basis of findings from disease-specific animal models as well as human ex vivo studies. Promising therapeutic applications to modulate this immune pathway are in development or have already been approved. Blockade of IL-17 and/or TH17-cell activity in combination with anti-TNF therapy might be a successful approach to achieving stable remission or even prevention of chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Mori G, D'Amelio P, Faccio R, Brunetti G. Bone-immune cell crosstalk: bone diseases. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:108451. [PMID: 26000310 PMCID: PMC4427089 DOI: 10.1155/2015/108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases are associated with great morbidity; thus, the understanding of the mechanisms leading to their development represents a great challenge to improve bone health. Recent reports suggest that a large number of molecules produced by immune cells affect bone cell activity. However, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. This review aims to shed new lights into the mechanisms of bone diseases involving immune cells. In particular, we focused our attention on the major pathogenic mechanism underlying periodontal disease, psoriatic arthritis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, metastatic solid tumors, and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Amelio
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Gerontology and Bone Metabolism Diseases, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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95
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Ixodes ricinus salivary serpin IRS-2 affects Th17 differentiation via inhibition of the interleukin-6/STAT-3 signaling pathway. Infect Immun 2015; 83:1949-56. [PMID: 25712932 DOI: 10.1128/iai.03065-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells constitute a subset of CD4(+) T lymphocytes that play a crucial role in protection against extracellular bacteria and fungi. They are also associated with tissue injury in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that serpin from the tick Ixodes ricinus, IRS-2, inhibits Th17 differentiation by impairment of the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/STAT-3 signaling pathway. Following activation, mature dendritic cells produce an array of cytokines, including the pleiotropic cytokine IL-6, which triggers the IL-6 signaling pathway. The major transcription factor activated by IL-6 is STAT-3. We show that IRS-2 selectively inhibits production of IL-6 in dendritic cells stimulated with Borrelia spirochetes, which leads to attenuated STAT-3 phosphorylation and finally to impaired Th17 differentiation. The results presented extend the knowledge about the effect of tick salivary serpins on innate immunity cells and their function in driving adaptive immune responses.
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96
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Lyme disease: A rigorous review of diagnostic criteria and treatment. J Autoimmun 2015; 57:82-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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97
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Kapewangolo P, Omolo JJ, Bruwer R, Fonteh P, Meyer D. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Ocimum labiatum extract and isolated labdane diterpenoid. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:4. [PMID: 25705127 PMCID: PMC4335562 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Plants from the genus Ocimum are used as folk medicine for treating various diseases including inflammatory and immune-related diseases. Numerous reports have suggested plant extracts and their constituents as possible anti-inflammatory agents. Here, in vitro evidence of Ocimum labiatum’s immune-enhancing and antioxidant properties is presented for the first time. Methods The anti-inflammatory effect of O. labiatum ethanolic extract and an isolated diterpenoid was determined using a cytometric bead array (CBA) technique. The effect on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also assessed. A battery of antioxidant assays were used for detecting antioxidant activity while the anti-inflammatory mechanism was evaluated using an ELISA-based activator protein (AP-1) (c-Jun) assay. Cytotoxicity was determined on TZM-bl and PBMCs using a tetrazolium dye and confirmed by a novel label-free real-time assay. Results A 25 μg/mL non-cytotoxic concentration of O. labiatum extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17A. Except for the dual acting pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, which was upregulated, a non-cytotoxic 50 μM concentration of the isolated labdane diterpenoid compound significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the production of all the pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the anti-inflammatory pathway studies, the compound also inhibited AP-1 significantly (p < 0.05) at 50 μM. The extract demonstrated strong, dose dependent antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 13 ± 0.8 to 54.86 ± 1.28 μg/mL while the terpene had no antioxidant property. The extract and diterpenoid decreased the production of the inflammatory mediator NO, at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The CC50 of the extract in TZM-bl and PBMCs was 62.6 ± 0.6 and 30.1 ± 0.4 μg/mL while that of the compound was 112.6 ± 0.2 and 70 ± 0.4 μM respectively. The real time studies confirmed tetrazolium dye assessed viability and also detected a unique growth pattern for the plant materials compared to untreated cells. Conclusions O. labiatum extract demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties while the terpenoid showed anti-inflammatory but no antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the terpene was a result of inhibition of AP-1. These data represents promising first steps towards the development of naturally derived anti-inflammation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrina Kapewangolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Campus, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa ; Present address: Chemistry & Biochemistry department, Faculty of Science, University of Namibia, Windhoek, 9000 Namibia
| | - Justin J Omolo
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Box 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa ; Present address: Department of Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Medical Research, P. O Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ronel Bruwer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Campus, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa
| | - Pascaline Fonteh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Campus, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa
| | - Debra Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Campus, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa ; Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
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98
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Shi M, Wei J, Dong J, Meng W, Ma J, Wang T, Wang N, Wang Y. Function of interleukin-17 and -35 in the blood of patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:121-6. [PMID: 25323532 PMCID: PMC4237084 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic T helper (Th)17 cytokine and serum interleukin (IL)-17 levels in patients with hepatitis B are positively correlated with the progression of liver cirrhosis (LC). IL-35 can significantly inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells and the synthesis of IL-17. The present study aimed to investigate the function and expression of IL-17 and IL-35 in the blood of patients with hepatitis B-related LC. The levels of IL-17 and IL-35 in the peripheral blood of 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 79 with LC, 14 with chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB), and 20 normal controls were detected by ELISA. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), forkhead box (FOX)P3 and IL-17 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Western blotting was used to determine protein expression. The liver function of patients and normal controls was measured. EBI3, IL-17 and FOXP3 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs from patients with LC, CHB and CSHB were higher than those in cells from the controls. IL-17 mRNA levels differed significantly according to the Child-Pugh classification and exhibited an upward trend over time in contrast to a downward trend for EBI3 and FOXP3 mRNA. The changes in protein expression in the peripheral blood were consistent with the changes in mRNA expression. Serum IL-17 levels were positively correlated with total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Child-Pugh grade, and were negatively correlated with albumin. These observed differences were significant. Serum IL-35 levels were negatively correlated with albumin, but not with Child-Pugh grade, ALT and TBIL. IL-17 and IL-35 may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B-related LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changning Central Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changning Central Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Jinbin Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changning Central Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changning Central Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changning Central Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changning Central Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changning Central Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changning Central Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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99
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Matsushita A, Seike M, Hagiwara T, Sato A, Ohtsu H. Close relationship between T helper (Th)17 and Th2 response in murine allergic contact dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 39:924-31. [PMID: 25196929 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated exposure to allergens induces chronic allergic lesions in the skin and a shift in the cutaneous cytokine milieu to T helper (Th)2. AIM To assess the relationships between Th17 and Th2 response during allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in mice. METHODS ACD was induced in C57BL/6 mice by single or repeated epicutaneous challenge of 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene. Relationships between Th17 and Th2 response were analyzed by immunohistochemical observations and activity of cytokines on days 8 (first challenge), 18 (11th challenge), 28 (21st challenge) and 38 (31st challenge). RESULTS On day 8, tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22 were high, whereas tissue levels of IL-4 and serum IgE concentration were low. Following acute contact dermatitis, mice developed chronic eczematous lesions on day 18, and gradually improved on days 28 and 38. Tissue IL-4 and serum IgE levels corresponded to the development and improvement of chronic eczematous lesions. Numbers of Th17 cells and tissue levels of IL-17 and IL-22 rapidly decreased as IL-4 and IgE levels increased on day 18. As levels of IL-4 and IgE decreased, the number of Th17 cells and tissue levels of IL-17 and IL-22 increased again on days 28 and 38. On day 18, tissue levels of Th17 response-inducing cytokines (IL-6, IL-23 and transforming growth factor-β) were high, and IL-23-expressing cells appeared in abundance, when Th2 response was extremely high. IL-17 injection decreased tissue IL-4 and serum IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS Th17 correlates closely with Th2 in murine chronic ACD induced by repeated epicutaneous challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matsushita
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Sagami Women's Junior College, Sagamihara, Japan
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100
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Singh RP, Hasan S, Sharma S, Nagra S, Yamaguchi DT, Wong DTW, Hahn BH, Hossain A. Th17 cells in inflammation and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:1174-81. [PMID: 25151974 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17), a distinct subset of CD4(+) T cells with IL-17 as their major cytokine, orchestrate the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Dysregulated Th17 cells contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Candidate biologics are in development for targeting IL-17, IL-17 receptors or IL-17 pathways. Several drugs that impact the IL-17 pathway are already in clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review we provide evidence for the role of Th17 cells in immune-mediated diseases. An understanding of the role of Th17 in these conditions will provide important insights and unravel novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Pyare Singh
- Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA.
| | - Sascha Hasan
- Sanguine Biosciences Inc, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA
| | - Sherven Sharma
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA
| | - Saranpreet Nagra
- Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA
| | - Dean T Yamaguchi
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA
| | - David T W Wong
- UCLA School of Dentistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA
| | - Bevra H Hahn
- Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA
| | - Awlad Hossain
- Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1670, USA
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