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Rossi GR, Trindade ES, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. Tumor Microenvironment-Associated Extracellular Matrix Components Regulate NK Cell Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32063906 PMCID: PMC7000552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of multiple infiltrating host cells (e.g., endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and myeloid cells), extracellular matrix, and various secreted or cell membrane-presented molecules. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which includes natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1, contribute to protecting the host against cancer and infection. Both subsets are able to quickly produce cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), chemokines, and other growth factors in response to activating signals. However, the TME provides many molecules that can prevent the potential effector function of these cells, thereby protecting the tumor. For example, TME-derived tumor growth factor (TGF)-β and associated members of the superfamily downregulate NK cell cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, metabolism, proliferation, and induce effector NK cells to upregulate ILC1-like characteristics. In concert, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins called galectins, which can be produced by different cells composing the TME, can downregulate NK cell function. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) are also enzymes that can remodel the extracellular matrix and shred receptors from the tumor cell surface, impairing the activation of NK cells and leading to less effective effector functions. Gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of the TME and its associated factors, such as infiltrating cells and extracellular matrix, could lead to tailoring of new personalized immunotherapy approaches. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge on the impact of the TME and extracellular matrix-associated components on differentiation, impairment, and function of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edvaldo S Trindade
- Cellular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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52
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Böning MAL, Trittel S, Riese P, van Ham M, Heyner M, Voss M, Parzmair GP, Klawonn F, Jeron A, Guzman CA, Jänsch L, Schraven B, Reinhold A, Bruder D. ADAP Promotes Degranulation and Migration of NK Cells Primed During in vivo Listeria monocytogenes Infection in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3144. [PMID: 32038647 PMCID: PMC6987423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein (ADAP) serves as a multifunctional scaffold and is involved in the formation of immune signaling complexes. To date only limited and moreover conflicting data exist regarding the role of ADAP in NK cells. To extend existing knowledge we investigated ADAP-dependency of NK cells in the context of in vivo infection with the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). Ex vivo analysis of infection-primed NK cells revealed impaired cytotoxic capacity in NK cells lacking ADAP as indicated by reduced CD107a surface expression and inefficient perforin production. However, ADAP-deficiency had no global effect on NK cell morphology or intracellular distribution of CD107a-containing vesicles. Proteomic definition of ADAPko and wild type NK cells did not uncover obvious differences in protein composition during the steady state and moreover, similar early response patterns were induced in NK cells upon infection independent of the genotype. In line with protein network analyses that suggested an altered migration phenotype in naïve ADAPko NK cells, in vitro migration assays uncovered significantly reduced migration of both naïve as well as infection-primed ADAPko NK cells compared to wild type NK cells. Notably, this migration defect was associated with a significantly reduced expression of the integrin CD11a on the surface of splenic ADAP-deficient NK cells 1 day post-Lm infection. We propose that ADAP-dependent alterations in integrin expression might account at least in part for the fact that during in vivo infection significantly lower numbers of ADAPko NK cells accumulate in the spleen i.e., the site of infection. In conclusion, we show here that during systemic Lm infection in mice ADAP is essential for efficient cytotoxic capacity and migration of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A L Böning
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Trittel
- Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peggy Riese
- Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco van Ham
- Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maxi Heyner
- Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gerald P Parzmair
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Jeron
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzman
- Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annegret Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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53
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Saeed MB, Record J, Westerberg LS. Two sides of the coin: Cytoskeletal regulation of immune synapses in cancer and primary immune deficiencies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:1-97. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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iPSC-Derived Platelets Depleted of HLA Class I Are Inert to Anti-HLA Class I and Natural Killer Cell Immunity. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 14:49-59. [PMID: 31883921 PMCID: PMC6962657 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ex vivo production of platelets depleted of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) could serve as a universal measure to overcome platelet transfusion refractoriness caused by HLA-I incompatibility. Here, we developed human induced pluripotent cell-derived HLA-I-deficient platelets (HLA-KO iPLATs) in a clinically applicable imMKCL system by genetic manipulation and assessed their immunogenic properties including natural killer (NK) cells, which reject HLA-I downregulated cells. HLA-KO iPLATs were deficient for all HLA-I but did not elicit a cytotoxic response by NK cells in vitro and showed circulation equal to wild-type iPLATs upon transfusion in our newly established Hu-NK-MSTRG mice reconstituted with human NK cells. Additionally, HLA-KO iPLATs successfully circulated in an alloimmune platelet transfusion refractoriness model of Hu-NK-MISTRG mice. Mechanistically, the lack of NK cell-activating ligands on platelets may be responsible for evading the NK cell response. This study revealed the unique non-immunogenic property of platelets and provides a proof of concept for the clinical application of HLA-KO iPLATs. Clinically applicable iPSC-derived HLA class I knockout platelets (HLA-KO iPLATs) HLA-KO iPLATs do not elicit NK cell activation in vitro HLA-KO iPLATs circulate comparably with wild type in human NK cell-reconstituted mice HLA-KO iPLATs circulate competently in alloimmune PTR model mice
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Ogbomo H, Timm-McCann M, Barnes T, Xiang RF, Jamil K, Ganguly A, Stack D, Huston SM, Li SS, Colarusso P, Mody CH. Granule-Dependent NK Cell Killing of Cryptococcus Requires Kinesin to Reposition the Cytolytic Machinery for Directed Cytotoxicity. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3017-3032. [PMID: 30208325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus is the most important cause of fungal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Host defense against Cryptococcus involves direct killing by NK cells. That NK cells from HIV-infected patients fail to polarize perforin to the microbial synapse and kill C. neoformans led us to explore the mechanisms used to reposition and polarize the cytolytic granules to the synapse. Using live-cell imaging, we observed microtubule and granule movements in response to Cryptococcus that revealed a kinesin-dependent event. Eg5-kinesin bound to perforin-containing granules and was required for association with the microtubules. Inhibition of Eg5-kinesin abrogated dynein-dependent granule convergence to the MTOC and granule and MTOC polarization to the synapse and suppressed NK cell killing of Cryptococcus. In contrast, Eg5-kinesin was dispensable for tumor killing. This reveals an alternative mechanism of MTOC repositioning and granule polarization, not used in tumor cytotoxicity, in which Eg5-kinesin is required to initiate granule movement, leading to microbial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ogbomo
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Martina Timm-McCann
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tavish Barnes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Richard F Xiang
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Khusraw Jamil
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anutosh Ganguly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Danuta Stack
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shaunna M Huston
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shu Shun Li
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pina Colarusso
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christopher H Mody
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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56
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Liu Y, Li L, Huang T, Wu W, Liang W, Chen M. The Interaction between Phagocytes and Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) Mediated by the Activated Complement System is the Key to GBS Inducing Acute Bacterial Meningitis of Tilapia. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100818. [PMID: 31623233 PMCID: PMC6826838 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is a serious threat to farmed tilapia, which results in high mortality and seriously hinders tilapia farming development. The pathogenic mechanism of tilapia infected with GBS which die rapidly in production remains unknown. We provided a comprehensive comparative analysis of the tilapias infected with fish-derived GBS attenuated strain YM001 and its parental virulent strain HN016. The present study indicates that the interaction between phagocytes and GBS mediated by the activated complement system is key to GBS inducing tilapia acute bacterial meningitis. The low survival ability caused by reduced β-lactam antibiotics resistance is one of the important reasons YM001 lost its pathogenicity to tilapia. Our study provided a comprehensive cognition of the mechanism of acute bacterial meningitis caused by GBS. Abstract Streptococcus agalactiae is an important pathogen for tilapia meningitis. Most of the infected tilapia die rapidly in production, when the way to study the pathogenic mechanism of bacteria on host through chronic infection in laboratory is not comprehensive and accurate enough to elucidate the real pathogenic mechanism. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of acute bacterial meningitis of tilapia caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), and provide a theoretical basis for its prevention and treatment. Duel RNA-seq, proteome analysis, histopathological analysis, plasma biochemical indexes, and blood routine examination were performed on tilapias infected with fish-derived GBS attenuated strain YM001 and its parental virulent strain HN016. The results showed that the contents of white blood cell (WBC), monocytes (MON), and neutrophil (NEU) were significantly lower in the HN016 group compared to that in the YM001 group (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed that there were partially lesions in the examined tissues of tilapia infected by HN016, while no obvious histopathological changes occurred in the YM001 group. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) and differential expressed proteins (DEPs) between YM001 and HN016 were mainly enriched in the beta-lactam resistance pathway (oppA1, oppA2, oppB, oppC, oppD, oppF, and mrcA). The DEGs DEPs between YM001-brain and HN016-brain were mainly enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades signaling pathway (C2a, c4b, c3b, c7, CD59, ITGB2, and ITGAX). The present study indicates that the interaction between phagocytes and GBS mediated by the activated complement system is the key to GBS inducing tilapia acute bacterial meningitis. The low survival ability caused by reduced β-lactam antibiotics resistance is one of the important reasons for why YM001 lost its pathogenicity to tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Liping Li
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Wende Wu
- Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road NO.100, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Wanwen Liang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fish diseases control and prevention lab, Qingshan Road NO.8, Nanning 530021, China.
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Saga K, Park J, Nimura K, Kawamura N, Ishibashi A, Nonomura N, Kaneda Y. NANOG helps cancer cells escape NK cell attack by downregulating ICAM1 during tumorigenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:416. [PMID: 31619256 PMCID: PMC6796413 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background At the beginning of tumorigenesis, newly born cancer cells must successfully avoid attack by the immune system. Although most abnormal cells are efficiently identified and destroyed by the immune system, particularly by NK cells, the molecular mechanisms by which newly born cancer cells evade NK cell surveillance are not fully understood. Methods NK cell resistance of highly tumorigenic population of human prostate cancer (PCa) cells were confirmed by xenograft in SCID mice with or without NK cell neutralization. The mechanisms by which the tumorigenic PCa cells evaded NK cell attack were investigated by RNAseq, ChIPseq, generation of several transformants and xenograft in SCID mice. Results Here, we show that PCa cells have a strengthened ability to escape NK cell attack due to NANOG, a pluripotent-related transcription factor, mediating the repression of ICAM1, a cell adhesion molecule, during tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, NANOG directly binds to the region upstream of ICAM1. As the binding between NANOG and the upstream ICAM1 region increases, p300 binding to this region is diminished, resulting in decreased ICAM1 expression. High NANOG expression confers PCa cells the ability to resist NK cell attack via the repression of ICAM1. Consistent with these results, low ICAM1 expression is significantly correlated with a high recurrence rate in patients with PCa. Conclusions Our findings indicate that repression of ICAM1 is a critical mechanism by which cancer cells evade attack from NK cells during tumorigenesis. These results suggest a pivotal role of NANOG in establishing a gene expression profile for escaping the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Saga
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Jinhee Park
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nimura
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kawamura
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Airi Ishibashi
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Nanbakhsh A, Srinivasamani A, Holzhauer S, Riese MJ, Zheng Y, Wang D, Burns R, Reimer MH, Rao S, Lemke A, Tsaih SW, Flister MJ, Lao S, Dahl R, Thakar MS, Malarkannan S. Mirc11 Disrupts Inflammatory but Not Cytotoxic Responses of NK Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1647-1662. [PMID: 31515257 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells generate proinflammatory cytokines that are required to contain infections and tumor growth. However, the posttranscriptional mechanisms that regulate NK cell functions are not fully understood. Here, we define the role of the microRNA cluster known as Mirc11 (which includes miRNA-23a, miRNA-24a, and miRNA-27a) in NK cell-mediated proinflammatory responses. Absence of Mirc11 did not alter the development or the antitumor cytotoxicity of NK cells. However, loss of Mirc11 reduced generation of proinflammatory factors in vitro and interferon-γ-dependent clearance of Listeria monocytogenes or B16F10 melanoma in vivo by NK cells. These functional changes resulted from Mirc11 silencing ubiquitin modifiers A20, Cbl-b, and Itch, allowing TRAF6-dependent activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Lack of Mirc11 caused increased translation of A20, Cbl-b, and Itch proteins, resulting in deubiquitylation of scaffolding K63 and addition of degradative K48 moieties on TRAF6. Collectively, our results describe a function of Mirc11 that regulates generation of proinflammatory cytokines from effector lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Nanbakhsh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anupallavi Srinivasamani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sandra Holzhauer
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew J Riese
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yongwei Zheng
- Laboratory of B Cell Biology, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Demin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Laboratory of B Cell Biology, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert Burns
- Bioinformatics Core, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael H Reimer
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Angela Lemke
- Genome Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Genome Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael J Flister
- Genome Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shunhua Lao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Richard Dahl
- Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Genome Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Zhang Y, Yang X, He X, Liu H, Guo P, Liu X, Xiao Y, Feng X, Wang Y, Li L. A novel mutation of the ITGB2 gene in a Chinese Zhuang minority patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Gene 2019; 715:144027. [PMID: 31374327 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the clinical and molecular characteristics of a Chinese Zhuang minority patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 (LAD-1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD). METHODS Routine clinical and physical examinations were performed, and patient data was collected and analyzed. Protein expression levels of Itgb2 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) proteins were assessed by flow cytometry and the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) substrate method, respectively. Whole exome sequencing was performed to investigate genetic variations of the patient and his parents. RESULTS The patient had fester disease and delayed separation of the umbilical cord at birth. Staphylococcus was detected in the fluid secretion of the auditory meatus of the patient. He exhibited a recurrent cheek scab, swollen hand, and swollen gum. Hematological examination indicated dramatic elevation of leukocytes including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. A novel homozygous mutation was detected in the ITGB2 gene of the patient, which was determined to be a two nucleotide deletion at the site of c.1537-1538 (c.1537-1538delGT), causing a frameshift of 24 amino acids from p.513 and inducing a stop codon (p.V513Lfs*24). A base substitution mutation was identified at c.1466 (c.1466G>T) of G6PD on chromosome X of the patient, which resulted in an amino acid change from arginine to leucine at p.489 (p.R489L). The patient also showed deficient lymphocyte expression of CD18 (2.99%) and significant downregulation of the G6pd protein. CONCLUSIONS The patient was diagnosed with G6PDD and moderate LAD-1. The combination of LAD-1 and G6PDD in this case may have been due to the high incidence of genetic disease in this minority ethnic population. Analyzing existing LAD-1 and G6PDD cases from different populations can facilitate disease diagnosis and treatment. Particularly, reporting pathogenic mutations of LAD-1 and G6PDD will be crucial for genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis in an effort to decrease the incidence of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaotao Yang
- Department of 2nd Infections, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Pin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of 2nd Infections, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China.
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Freund-Brown J, Chirino L, Kambayashi T. Strategies to enhance NK cell function for the treatment of tumors and infections. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 38:105-130. [PMID: 29953390 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018025248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells equipped with the ability to rapidly kill stressed cells that are neoplastic or virally infected. These cells are especially important in settings where these stressed cells downregulate MHC class I molecules and evade recognition by cytotoxic T cells. However, the activity of NK cells alone is often suboptimal to fully control tumor growth or to clear viral infections. Thus, the enhancement of NK cell function is necessary to fully harness their antitumor or antiviral potential. In this review, we discuss how NK cell function can be augmented by the modulation of signal transduction pathways, by the manipulation of inhibitory/activating receptors on NK cells, and by cytokine-induced activation. We also discuss how some of these strategies are currently impacting NK cells in the treatment of cancer and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Freund-Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Leilani Chirino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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61
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Duan T, Smith AJ, Verkman AS. Complement-independent bystander injury in AQP4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica produced by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:112. [PMID: 31296268 PMCID: PMC6621951 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular injury in AQP4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis spectrum disorder (herein called NMO) involves AQP4-IgG binding to astrocytes, resulting in astrocyte injury by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanisms. The rapid disease progression, severe tissue damage, and abundant leukocyte infiltration seen in some NMO patients suggest a more direct mechanism for demyelination and neurologic deficit than secondary injury from astrocyte loss. Here, we report evidence for an ‘ADCC bystander mechanism’ in NMO involving injury to nearby cells by leukocytes following their activation by AQP4-bound AQP4-IgG on astrocytes. In model cocultures containing AQP4-expressing and null CHO cells, AQP4-IgG and complement killed bystander null cells to ~ 100 μm away from AQP4-expressing cells; AQP4-IgG and NK cells produced bystander killing to ~ 300 μm, with perforin deposition seen on injured null cells. Bystander cytotoxicity was also seen with neutrophil-mediated ADCC and in astrocyte-neuron cocultures. Mechanistic studies, including real-time imaging, suggested that leukocytes activated by an AQP4-dependent ADCC mechanism injure bystander cells by direct targeted exocytosis on neighboring cells and not by diffusion of soluble granule contents. In support of this conclusion, ADCC bystander injury was preferentially reduced by an RGDS peptide that inhibits integrin adhesion. Evidence for ADCC bystander injury to oligodendrocytes and neurons was also found in mice following intracerebral injection of AQP4-IgG and NK cells, which was inhibited by RGDS peptide. These results establish a novel cellular pathogenesis mechanism in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMO and provide evidence that inflammatory mechanisms can cause widespread tissue damage in NMO independently of the secondary effects from astrocyte loss.
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62
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Dotan I, Allez M, Danese S, Keir M, Tole S, McBride J. The role of integrins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: Approved and investigational anti-integrin therapies. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:245-262. [PMID: 31215680 PMCID: PMC6973243 DOI: 10.1002/med.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by uncontrolled inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The underlying pathobiology of IBD includes an increase in infiltrating gut-homing lymphocytes. Although lymphocyte homing is typically a tightly regulated and stepwise process involving multiple integrins and adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells, the distinct roles of integrin-expressing immune cells is not fully understood in the pathology of IBD. In this review, we detail the involvement of integrins expressed on specific lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of IBD and discuss the current status of approved and investigational integrin-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, INSERM U1160, University Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastrointestinal Immunopathology Laboratory and IBD Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Mary Keir
- Department of Research and Early Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Swati Tole
- Department of Product Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jacqueline McBride
- Department of Research and Early Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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63
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NK92-CD16 cells are cytotoxic to non-small cell lung cancer cell lines that have acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:603-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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64
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Jaiswal SR, Bhakuni P, Joy A, Kaushal S, Chakrabarti A, Chakrabarti S. CTLA4Ig Primed Donor Lymphocyte Infusion: A Novel Approach to Immunotherapy after Haploidentical Transplantation for Advanced Leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:673-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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65
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Wagner AK, Alici E, Lowdell MW. Characterization of human natural killer cells for therapeutic use. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:315-326. [PMID: 30910383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a part of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that can exert cytotoxic activity against infected or transformed cells. Furthermore, due to their expression of a functional Fc receptor, they have also been eluded as a major effector fraction in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These characteristics have led to multiple efforts to use them for adoptive immunotherapy against various malignancies. There are now at least 70 clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of NK cell products around the world in early-phase clinical trials. NK cells are also being tested in the context of tumor retargeting via chimeric antigen receptors, other genetic modification strategies, as well as tumor-specific activation strategies such as bispecific engagers with or without cytokine stimulations. One advantage of the use of NK cells for adoptive immunotherapy is their potential to overcome HLA barriers. This has led to a plethora of sources, such as cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, which can generate comparatively high cytotoxic NK cells to peripheral blood counterparts. However, the variety of the sources has led to a heterogeneity in the characterization of the final infusion product. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss a comparative assessment strategy, from characterization of NK cells at collection to final product release by various phenotypic and functional assays, in an effort to predict potency of the cellular product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnika K Wagner
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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66
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Cruz-Muñoz ME, Valenzuela-Vázquez L, Sánchez-Herrera J, Santa-Olalla Tapia J. From the "missing self" hypothesis to adaptive NK cells: Insights of NK cell-mediated effector functions in immune surveillance. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:955-971. [PMID: 30848847 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0618-224rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The original discovery of NK cells approximately 40 yr ago was based on their unique capability to kill tumor cells without prior sensitization or priming, a process named natural cytotoxicity. Since then, several studies have documented that NK cells can kill hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cancer cells. NK cells also recognize and kill cells that have undergone viral infections. Besides natural cytotoxicity, NK cells are also major effectors of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Therefore, NK cells are well "armed" to recognize and mount immune responses against "insults" that result from cell transformation and viral infections. Because of these attributes, an essential role of NK cells in tumor surveillance was noted. Indeed, several studies have shown a correlation between impaired NK cell cytotoxicity and a higher risk of developing cancer. This evidence led to the idea that cancer initiation and progress is intimately related to an abnormal or misdirected immune response. Whereas all these ideas remain current, it is also true that NK cells represent a heterogeneous population with different abilities to secrete cytokines and to mediate cytotoxic functions. In addition, recent data has shown that NK cells are prone to suffer epigenetic modifications resulting in the acquisition of previously unrecognized attributes such as memory and long-term survival. Such NK cells, referred as "adaptive" or "memory-like," also display effector functions that are not necessarily equal to those observed in conventional NK cells. Given the new evidence available, it is essential to discuss the conceptual reasoning and misconceptions regarding the role of NK cells in immune surveillance and immunotherapy.
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67
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Palgen JL, Tchitchek N, Huot N, Elhmouzi-Younes J, Lefebvre C, Rosenbaum P, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Martinon F, Hocini H, Cosma A, Müller-Trutwin M, Lévy Y, Le Grand R, Beignon AS. NK cell immune responses differ after prime and boost vaccination. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1055-1073. [PMID: 30794328 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a1018-391rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of innate responses induced by vaccination is critical for designing optimal vaccines. Here, we studied the diversity and dynamics of the NK cell compartment after prime-boost immunization with the modified vaccinia virus Ankara using cynomolgus macaques as a model. Mass cytometry was used to deeply characterize blood NK cells. The NK cell subphenotype composition was modified by the prime. Certain phenotypic changes induced by the prime were maintained over time and, as a result, the NK cell composition prior to boost differed from that before prime. The key phenotypic signature that distinguished NK cells responding to the boost from those responding to the prime included stronger expression of several cytotoxic, homing, and adhesion molecules, suggesting that NK cells at recall were functionally distinct. Our data reveal potential priming or imprinting of NK cells after the first vaccine injection. This study provides novel insights into prime-boost vaccination protocols that could be used to optimize future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Palgen
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Huot
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Pasteur, Unit on HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Paris, France
| | - Jamila Elhmouzi-Younes
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Antonio Cosma
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Pasteur, Unit on HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Paris, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, IBFJ, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
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68
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Aldeghaither DS, Zahavi DJ, Murray JC, Fertig EJ, Graham GT, Zhang YW, O'Connell A, Ma J, Jablonski SA, Weiner LM. A Mechanism of Resistance to Antibody-Targeted Immune Attack. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:230-243. [PMID: 30563830 PMCID: PMC6359950 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) represents a crucial mechanism underlying these approaches. The majority of patients have limited responses to monoclonal antibody therapy due to the development of resistance. Models of ADCC provide a system for uncovering immune-resistance mechanisms. We continuously exposed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR+) A431 cells to KIR-deficient NK92-CD16V effector cells and the anti-EGFR cetuximab. Persistent ADCC exposure yielded ADCC-resistant cells (ADCCR1) that, compared with control ADCC-sensitive cells (ADCCS1), exhibited reduced EGFR expression, overexpression of histone- and interferon-related genes, and a failure to activate NK cells, without evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These properties gradually reversed following withdrawal of ADCC selection pressure. The development of resistance was associated with lower expression of multiple cell-surface molecules that contribute to cell-cell interactions and immune synapse formation. Classic immune checkpoints did not modulate ADCC in this unique model system of immune resistance. We showed that the induction of ADCC resistance involves genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to a general loss of target cell adhesion properties that are required for the establishment of an immune synapse, killer cell activation, and target cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal S Aldeghaither
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David J Zahavi
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joseph C Murray
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Allison O'Connell
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sandra A Jablonski
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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69
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Pahl JHW, Cerwenka A, Ni J. Memory-Like NK Cells: Remembering a Previous Activation by Cytokines and NK Cell Receptors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2796. [PMID: 30546366 PMCID: PMC6279934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells serving at the front line against infection and cancer. In inflammatory microenvironments, multiple soluble and contact-dependent signals modulate NK cell responsiveness. Besides their innate cytotoxic and immunostimulatory activity, it has been uncovered in recent years that NK cells constitute a heterogeneous and versatile cell subset. Persistent memory-like NK populations that mount a robust recall response were reported during viral infection, contact hypersensitivity reactions, and after stimulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or activating receptor pathways. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the generation, functionality, and clinical applicability of memory-like NK cells and describe common features in comparison to other recent concepts of memory NK cells. Understanding of these features will facilitate the conception and design of novel NK cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H W Pahl
- Department for Immunobiochemistry, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department for Immunobiochemistry, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jing Ni
- Department for Immunobiochemistry, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Innate Immunity, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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70
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Metabolic reprogramming of natural killer cells in obesity limits antitumor responses. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1330-1340. [PMID: 30420624 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Up to 49% of certain types of cancer are attributed to obesity, and potential mechanisms include overproduction of hormones, adipokines, and insulin. Cytotoxic immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, are important in tumor surveillance, but little is known about the impact of obesity on immunosurveillance. Here, we show that obesity induces robust peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-driven lipid accumulation in NK cells, causing complete 'paralysis' of their cellular metabolism and trafficking. Fatty acid administration, and PPARα and PPARδ (PPARα/δ) agonists, mimicked obesity and inhibited mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated glycolysis. This prevented trafficking of the cytotoxic machinery to the NK cell-tumor synapse. Inhibiting PPARα/δ or blocking the transport of lipids into mitochondria reversed NK cell metabolic paralysis and restored cytotoxicity. In vivo, NK cells had blunted antitumor responses and failed to reduce tumor growth in obesity. Our results demonstrate that the lipotoxic obese environment impairs immunosurveillance and suggest that metabolic reprogramming of NK cells may improve cancer outcomes in obesity.
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71
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Ye W, Chew M, Hou J, Lai F, Leopold SJ, Loo HL, Ghose A, Dutta AK, Chen Q, Ooi EE, White NJ, Dondorp AM, Preiser P, Chen J. Microvesicles from malaria-infected red blood cells activate natural killer cells via MDA5 pathway. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007298. [PMID: 30286211 PMCID: PMC6171940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells provide the first line of defense against malaria parasite infection. However, the molecular mechanisms through which NK cells are activated by parasites are largely unknown, so is the molecular basis underlying the variation in NK cell responses to malaria infection in the human population. Here, we compared transcriptional profiles of responding and non-responding NK cells following exposure to Plasmodium-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) and identified MDA5, a RIG-I-like receptor involved in sensing cytosolic RNAs, to be differentially expressed. Knockout of MDA5 in responding human NK cells by CRISPR/cas9 abolished NK cell activation, IFN-γ secretion, lysis of iRBCs. Similarly, inhibition of TBK1/IKKε, an effector molecule downstream of MDA5, also inhibited activation of responding NK cells. Conversely, activation of MDA5 by liposome-packaged poly I:C restored non-responding NK cells to lyse iRBCs. We further show that microvesicles containing large parasite RNAs from iRBCs activated NK cells by fusing with NK cells. These findings suggest that NK cells are activated through the MDA5 pathway by parasite RNAs that are delivered to the cytoplasm of NK cells by microvesicles from iRBCs. The difference in MDA5 expression between responding and non-responding NK cells following exposure to iRBCs likely contributes to the variation in NK cell responses to malaria infection in the human population. Malaria is an important parasitic disease with a major public health concern. Malaria pathogenesis involves a complex interplay between parasitic and host factors. A better understanding of early host response and the determinants of immunity are essential to developing innovative therapeutic approaches. Natural killer (NK) cells are important immune cells in protection against malaria infection but show significant differences in their responses in the human population. Here we analyze the differences between human NK cells that respond to and don’t respond to malaria infection. We found that human NK cells that respond to malaria-infected red blood cells (iRBC) have higher levels of a pathogen recognition receptor, MDA5. This receptor is activated by small vesicles released from iRBC. By activating MDA5 with a small molecule agonist, we can improve non-responder NK cells to clear iRBC. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism by which NK cells control malaria infection and possible NK cell-based intervention of malaria infection in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore
| | - Marvin Chew
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore
| | - Jue Hou
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore
| | - Fritz Lai
- Humanized Mouse Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Stije J Leopold
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hooi Linn Loo
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore
| | - Aniruddha Ghose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ashok K Dutta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Humanized Mouse Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arjen M Dondorp
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Preiser
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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72
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Wilton KM, Billadeau DD. VASP Regulates NK Cell Lytic Granule Convergence. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2899-2909. [PMID: 30282752 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells eliminate viral-infected and malignant cells through a highly orchestrated series of cytoskeletal rearrangements, resulting in the release of cytolytic granule contents toward the target cell. Central to this process is the convergence of cytolytic granules to a common point, the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), before delivery to the synapse. In this study, we show that vasodialator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), an actin regulatory protein, localizes to the cytolytic synapse, but surprisingly, shows no impact on conjugate formation or synaptic actin accumulation despite being required for human NK cell-mediated killing. Interestingly, we also find that a pool of VASP copurifies with lytic granules and localizes with lytic granules at the MTOC. Significantly, depletion of VASP decreased lytic granule convergence without impacting MTOC polarization. Using the KHYG-1 cell line in which lytic granules are in a constitutively converged state, we find that either VASP depletion or F-actin destabilization promoted spreading of formerly converged granules. Our results demonstrate a novel requirement for VASP and actin polymerization in maintaining lytic granule convergence during NK cell-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn M Wilton
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.,Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; .,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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73
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Kronstad LM, Seiler C, Vergara R, Holmes SP, Blish CA. Differential Induction of IFN-α and Modulation of CD112 and CD54 Expression Govern the Magnitude of NK Cell IFN-γ Response to Influenza A Viruses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:2117-2131. [PMID: 30143589 PMCID: PMC6143432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In human and murine studies, IFN-γ is a critical mediator immunity to influenza. IFN-γ production is critical for viral clearance and the development of adaptive immune responses, yet excessive production of IFN-γ and other cytokines as part of a cytokine storm is associated with poor outcomes of influenza infection in humans. As NK cells are the main population of lung innate immune cells capable of producing IFN-γ early in infection, we set out to identify the drivers of the human NK cell IFN-γ response to influenza A viruses. We found that influenza triggers NK cells to secrete IFN-γ in the absence of T cells and in a manner dependent upon signaling from both cytokines and receptor-ligand interactions. Further, we discovered that the pandemic A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) strain elicits a seven-fold greater IFN-γ response than other strains tested, including a seasonal A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2) strain. These differential responses were independent of memory NK cells. Instead, we discovered that the A/Victoria/361/2011 influenza strain suppresses the NK cell IFN-γ response by downregulating NK-activating ligands CD112 and CD54 and by repressing the type I IFN response in a viral replication-dependent manner. In contrast, the A/California/07/2009 strain fails to repress the type I IFN response or to downregulate CD54 and CD112 to the same extent, which leads to the enhanced NK cell IFN-γ response. Our results indicate that influenza implements a strain-specific mechanism governing NK cell production of IFN-γ and identifies a previously unrecognized influenza innate immune evasion strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kronstad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Rosemary Vergara
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Susan P Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305; and
- Chan Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, CA 94158
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74
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Xiang RF, Li S, Ogbomo H, Stack D, Mody CH. β1 Integrins Are Required To Mediate NK Cell Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2369-2376. [PMID: 30201811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes fatal meningitis and pneumonia. During host defense to Cryptococcus, NK cells directly recognize and kill C. neoformans using cytolytic degranulation analogous to killing of tumor cells. This fungal killing requires independent activation of Src family kinase (SFK) and Rac1-mediated pathways. Recognition of C. neoformans requires the natural cytotoxicity receptor, NKp30; however, it is not known whether NKp30 activates both signal transduction pathways or whether a second receptor is involved in activation of one of the pathways. We used primary human NK cells and a human NK cell line and found that NKp30 activates SFK → PI3K but not Rac1 cytotoxic signaling, which led to a search for the receptor leading to Rac1 activation. We found that NK cells require integrin-linked kinase (ILK) to activate Rac1 for effective fungal killing. This observation led to our identification of β1 integrin as an essential anticryptococcal receptor. These findings demonstrate that multiple receptors, including β1 integrins and NKp30 and their proximal signaling pathways, are required for recognition of Cryptococcus, which activates a central cytolytic antimicrobial pathway leading to fungal killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; and
| | - ShuShun Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; and
| | - Henry Ogbomo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; and
| | - Danuta Stack
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; and
| | - Christopher H Mody
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; .,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; and.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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75
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Haspels HN, Rahman MA, Joseph JV, Gras Navarro A, Chekenya M. Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells Are More Susceptible Than Differentiated Cells to Natural Killer Cell Lysis Mediated Through Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors-Human Leukocyte Antigen Ligand Mismatch and Activation Receptor-Ligand Interactions. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1345. [PMID: 29967607 PMCID: PMC6015895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain malignancy in adults, where survival is approximately 14.6 months. Novel therapies are urgently needed and immunotherapy has hailed a new dawn for treatment of solid tumors. Natural killer (NK) cells may be amenable therapeutic effectors against heterogeneous GBM, since they also do not require co-stimulation and antigen specificity. However, it is unclear how culture media routinely used in pre-clinical studies affect GBM cell responses to NK-mediated cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that the culture medium would affect GBM cell phenotype, proliferation, and responses to NK cytotoxicity. We investigated in paired analyses n = 6 patient-derived primary GBM cells propagated in stem cell or serum-containing medium for morphology, proliferation, as well as susceptibility to NK cytolysis and related this to expression of surface and intracellular lineage markers, as well as ligands for NK cell activating and inhibitory receptors. We genotyped the GBM cells for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as well as the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) of the n = 6 allogeneic NK cells used as effector cells. Culture in serum-containing medium induced a switch in GBM cell morphology from suspension neuropsheres to adherent epithelial-mesenchymal-like phenotypes, which was partially reversible. The differentiated cells diminished expression of nestin, CD133 (prominin-1), and A2B5 putative glioma stem-cell markers, attenuated growth, diminished expression of ligands for activating NK cell receptors, while upregulating class I HLA ligands for NK cell inhibitory receptors. When maintained in serum-containing medium, fewer GBM cells expressed intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and were less susceptible to lysis by NK cells expressing αLβ2 integrin receptor (LFA-1), mediated through combination of inhibitory KIR-HLA ligand mismatch and diminished activation receptor-ligand interactions compared to cells maintained in stem cell media. We conclude that development of preclinical immunotherapy strategies against GBM should not use cells propagated in serum-containing media to avoid misinterpretation of potential therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martha Chekenya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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76
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Sanchez-Martinez D, Allende-Vega N, Orecchioni S, Talarico G, Cornillon A, Vo DN, Rene C, Lu ZY, Krzywinska E, Anel A, Galvez EM, Pardo J, Robert B, Martineau P, Hicheri Y, Bertolini F, Cartron G, Villalba M. Expansion of allogeneic NK cells with efficient antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity against multiple tumors. Theranostics 2018; 8:3856-3869. [PMID: 30083264 PMCID: PMC6071536 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have significantly improved the treatment of certain cancers. However, in general mAbs alone have limited therapeutic activity. One of their main mechanisms of action is to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. Unfortunately, most cancer patients have severe immune dysfunctions affecting NK activity. This can be circumvented by the injection of allogeneic, expanded NK cells, which is safe. Nevertheless, despite their strong cytolytic potential against different tumors, clinical results have been poor. Methods: We combined allogeneic NK cells and mAbs to improve cancer treatment. We generated expanded NK cells (e-NK) with strong in vitro and in vivo ADCC responses against different tumors and using different therapeutic mAbs, namely rituximab, obinutuzumab, daratumumab, cetuximab and trastuzumab. Results: Remarkably, e-NK cells can be stored frozen and, after thawing, armed with mAbs. They mediate ADCC through degranulation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Furthermore, they overcome certain anti-apoptotic mechanisms found in leukemic cells. Conclusion: We have established a new protocol for activation/expansion of NK cells with high ADCC activity. The use of mAbs in combination with e-NK cells could potentially improve cancer treatment.
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77
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Huang Y, Chen Z, Jang JH, Baig MS, Bertolet G, Schroeder C, Huang S, Hu Q, Zhao Y, Lewis DE, Qin L, Zhu MX, Liu D. PD-1 blocks lytic granule polarization with concomitant impairment of integrin outside-in signaling in the natural killer cell immunological synapse. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1311-1321.e8. [PMID: 29679656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is upregulated on a variety of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, during chronic viral infection and tumorigenesis. Blockade of PD-1 or its ligands produces durable clinical responses with tolerable side effects in patients with a broad spectrum of cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how PD-1 regulates NK cell function remain poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effect of PD-1 signaling on NK cells. METHODS PD-1 was overexpressed in CD16-KHYG-1 (a human NK cell line with both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity through CD16 and natural cytotoxicity through NKG2D) cells and stimulated by exposing the cells to NK-sensitive target cells expressing programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). RESULTS PD-1 engagement by PD-L1 specifically blocked NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity without interfering with the conjugation between NK cells and target cells. Further examination showed that PD-1 signaling blocked lytic granule polarization in NK cells, which was accompanied by failure of integrin-linked kinase, a key molecule in the integrin outside-in signaling pathway, to accumulate in the immunological synapse after NK-target cell conjugation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that NK cell cytotoxicity is inhibited by PD-1 engagement, which blocks lytic granule polarization to the NK cell immunological synapse with concomitant impairment of integrin outside-in signaling. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into how PD-1 inhibition disrupts NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, Graduate Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex; Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex; Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joon Hee Jang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, India
| | - Grant Bertolet
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Casey Schroeder
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex
| | - Shengjian Huang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Qian Hu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex; Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Cooperative Innovation Center for High Performance Computing, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Cooperative Innovation Center for High Performance Computing, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex
| | - Lidong Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex
| | - Michael Xi Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, Graduate Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex.
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY.
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78
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells express an array of germ-line encoded receptors that are capable of triggering cytotoxicity. NK cells tend to express many members of a given family of signalling molecules. The presence of many activating receptors and many members of a given family of signalling molecules can enable NK cells to detect different kinds of target cells, and to mount different kinds of responses. This contributes also to the robustness of NK cells responses; cytotoxic functions of NK cells often remain unaffected in the absence of selected signalling molecules. NK cells express many MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors. Signals from MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors tightly control NK cell cytotoxicity and, paradoxically, maintain NK cells in a state of proper responsiveness. This review provides a brief overview of the events that underlie NK cell activation, and how signals from inhibitory receptors intercept NK cell activation to prevent inappropriate triggering of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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79
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Jeong JU, Uong TNT, Chung WK, Nam TK, Ahn SJ, Song JY, Kim SK, Shin DJ, Cho E, Kim KW, Cho D, Yoon MS. Effect of irradiation-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward human cancer cells. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:715-727. [PMID: 29572116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Irradiation enhances the adhesion between natural killer (NK) cells and target cells by up-regulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on target cells. Therefore, we investigated the effect of irradiation-induced ICAM-1 expression on human cancer cells on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. METHODS Expression levels of ICAM-1 on the target cell surface before and after irradiation of six human cancer cell lines (HL60, SKBR-3, T47D, HCT-116, U937 and U251) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Ex vivo expansion of NK cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed by co-culture with irradiated K562 cells. The related adhesion molecule lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on NK cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and WST-8 assays were performed to check NK cell cytotoxicity. Finally, blocking assays were performed using monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1 or LFA-1. RESULTS LFA-1 expression increased on NK cells after expansion (P <0.001). The expression of ICAM-1 was significantly upregulated by irradiation after 24 h in various cell lines, including HL60 (P <0.001), SKBR-3 (P <0.001), T47D (P <0.001) and U937 (P <0.001), although the level of expression depended on the cell line. ICAM-1 expression was extremely low before and after irradiation in U251 cells. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity increased after irradiation of HL60 (P <0.001), SKBR-3 (P <0.001), T47D (P = 0.003), and U937 (P = 0.004) cells, in which ICAM-1 expression was significantly increased after irradiation. IFN-γ production by NK cells in response to HL60 (P <0.001) and T47D (P = 0.011) cells significantly increased after irradiation. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against irradiated SKBR-3 (P <0.001) and irradiated T47D cells (P = 0.035) significantly decreased after blocking of ICAM-1. Blocking of LFA-1 on NK cells resulted in reduced cytotoxicity against irradiated HL60 (P <0.001) and irradiated SKBR-3 (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Irradiation upregulates ICAM-1 expression on the surface of human cancer cells and enhances activated NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, irradiation combined with NK cell therapy may improve the antitumor effects of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Uk Jeong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tung Nguyen Thanh Uong
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Ki Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Keun Nam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ja Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ki Kim
- Department of Companion & Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Shin
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Companion & Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Kim
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Sun Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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80
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Mace EM. Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Signaling in Human Natural Killer Cells: New Insights from Primary Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2018; 9:445. [PMID: 29563913 PMCID: PMC5845875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the control of viral infections and malignancy. Their importance in human health and disease is illustrated by severe viral infections in patients with primary immunodeficiencies that affect NK cell function and/or development. The recent identification of patients with phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-signaling pathway mutations that can cause primary immunodeficiency provides valuable insight into the role that PI3K signaling plays in human NK cell maturation and lytic function. There is a rich literature that demonstrates a requirement for PI3K in multiple key aspects of NK cell biology, including development/maturation, homing, priming, and function. Here, I briefly review these previous studies and place them in context with recent findings from the study of primary immunodeficiency patients, particularly those with hyperactivating mutations in PI3Kδ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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81
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Identification of Key Pathways and Genes in Advanced Coronary Atherosclerosis Using Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4323496. [PMID: 29226137 PMCID: PMC5684517 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4323496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. This study aimed to identify the key changes of gene expression between early and advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaque in human. Methods Gene expression dataset GSE28829 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), including 16 advanced and 13 early stage atherosclerotic plaque samples from human carotid. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Results 42,450 genes were obtained from the dataset. Top 100 up- and downregulated DEGs were listed. Functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) identification were performed. The result of functional and pathway enrichment analysis indicted that the immune system process played a critical role in the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed either. Top 10 hub genes were identified from PPI network and top 6 modules were inferred. These genes were mainly involved in chemokine signaling pathway, cell cycle, B cell receptor signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Conclusion The present study indicated that analysis of DEGs would make a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis development and they might be used as molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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82
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Li S, Nishikawa T, Kaneda Y. Inactivated Sendai virus particle upregulates cancer cell expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and enhances natural killer cell sensitivity on cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2333-2341. [PMID: 28945328 PMCID: PMC5715349 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have already reported that the inactivated Sendai virus (hemagglutinating virus of Japan; HVJ) envelope (HVJ‐E) has multiple anticancer effects, including induction of cancer‐selective cell death and activation of anticancer immunity. The HVJ‐E stimulates dendritic cells to produce cytokines and chemokines such as β‐interferon, interleukin‐6, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5, and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 10, which activate both CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and recruit them to the tumor microenvironment. However, the effect of HVJ‐E on modulating the sensitivity of cancer cells to immune cell attack has yet to be investigated. In this study, we found that HVJ‐E induced the production of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1, CD54), a ligand of lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 1, in several cancer cell lines through the activation of nuclear factor‐κB downstream of retinoic acid‐inducible gene I and the mitochondrial antiviral signaling pathway. The upregulation of ICAM‐1 on the surface of cancer cells increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to NK cells. Knocking out expression of ICAM‐1 in MDA‐MB‐231 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 method significantly reduced the killing effect of NK cells on ICAM‐1‐depleted MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In addition, HVJ‐E suppressed tumor growth in MDA‐MB‐231 tumor‐bearing SCID mice, and the HVJ‐E antitumor effect was impaired when NK cells were depleted by treatment with the anti‐asialo GM1 antibody. Our findings suggest that HVJ‐E enhances NK cell sensitivity against cancer cells by increasing ICAM‐1 expression on the cancer cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishikawa
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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83
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Wagner JA, Rosario M, Romee R, Berrien-Elliott MM, Schneider SE, Leong JW, Sullivan RP, Jewell BA, Becker-Hapak M, Schappe T, Abdel-Latif S, Ireland AR, Jaishankar D, King JA, Vij R, Clement D, Goodridge J, Malmberg KJ, Wong HC, Fehniger TA. CD56bright NK cells exhibit potent antitumor responses following IL-15 priming. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4042-4058. [PMID: 28972539 DOI: 10.1172/jci90387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells, lymphocytes of the innate immune system, are important for defense against infectious pathogens and cancer. Classically, the CD56dim NK cell subset is thought to mediate antitumor responses, whereas the CD56bright subset is involved in immunomodulation. Here, we challenge this paradigm by demonstrating that brief priming with IL-15 markedly enhanced the antitumor response of CD56bright NK cells. Priming improved multiple CD56bright cell functions: degranulation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. Primed CD56bright cells from leukemia patients demonstrated enhanced responses to autologous blasts in vitro, and primed CD56bright cells controlled leukemia cells in vivo in a murine xenograft model. Primed CD56bright cells from multiple myeloma (MM) patients displayed superior responses to autologous myeloma targets, and furthermore, CD56bright NK cells from MM patients primed with the IL-15 receptor agonist ALT-803 in vivo displayed enhanced ex vivo functional responses to MM targets. Effector mechanisms contributing to IL-15-based priming included improved cytotoxic protein expression, target cell conjugation, and LFA-1-, CD2-, and NKG2D-dependent activation of NK cells. Finally, IL-15 robustly stimulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways in CD56bright compared with CD56dim NK cells, and blockade of these pathways attenuated antitumor responses. These findings identify CD56bright NK cells as potent antitumor effectors that warrant further investigation as a cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maximillian Rosario
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie E Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Leong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan P Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brea A Jewell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michelle Becker-Hapak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sara Abdel-Latif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron R Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Devika Jaishankar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Justin A King
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ravi Vij
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dennis Clement
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jodie Goodridge
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Todd A Fehniger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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84
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Kremer V, Ligtenberg MA, Zendehdel R, Seitz C, Duivenvoorden A, Wennerberg E, Colón E, Scherman-Plogell AH, Lundqvist A. Genetic engineering of human NK cells to express CXCR2 improves migration to renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:73. [PMID: 28923105 PMCID: PMC5604543 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive natural killer (NK) cell transfer is being increasingly used as cancer treatment. However, clinical responses have so far been limited to patients with hematological malignancies. A potential limiting factor in patients with solid tumors is defective homing of the infused NK cells to the tumor site. Chemokines regulate the migration of leukocytes expressing corresponding chemokine receptors. Various solid tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), readily secrete ligands for the chemokine receptor CXCR2. We hypothesize that infusion of NK cells expressing high levels of the CXCR2 chemokine receptor will result in increased influx of the transferred NK cells into tumors, and improved clinical outcome in patients with cancer. Methods Blood and tumor biopsies from 14 primary RCC patients were assessed by flow cytometry and chemokine analysis. Primary NK cells were transduced with human CXCR2 using a retroviral system. CXCR2 receptor functionality was determined by Calcium flux and NK cell migration was evaluated in transwell assays. Results We detected higher concentrations of CXCR2 ligands in tumors compared with plasma of RCC patients. In addition, CXCL5 levels correlated with the intratumoral infiltration of CXCR2-positive NK cells. However, tumor-infiltrating NK cells from RCC patients expressed lower CXCR2 compared with peripheral blood NK cells. Moreover, healthy donor NK cells rapidly lost their CXCR2 expression upon in vitro culture and expansion. Genetic modification of human primary NK cells to re-express CXCR2 improved their ability to specifically migrate along a chemokine gradient of recombinant CXCR2 ligands or RCC tumor supernatants compared with controls. The enhanced trafficking resulted in increased killing of target cells. In addition, while their functionality remained unchanged compared with control NK cells, CXCR2-transduced NK cells obtained increased adhesion properties and formed more conjugates with target cells. Conclusions To increase the success of NK cell-based therapies of solid tumors, it is of great importance to promote their homing to the tumor site. In this study, we show that stable engineering of human primary NK cells to express a chemokine receptor thereby enhancing their migration is a promising strategy to improve anti-tumor responses following adoptive transfer of NK cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0275-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kremer
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maarten A Ligtenberg
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rosa Zendehdel
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Seitz
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Wennerberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugenia Colón
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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85
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Netter P, Anft M, Watzl C. Termination of the Activating NK Cell Immunological Synapse Is an Active and Regulated Process. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2528-2535. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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86
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Patsoukis N, Bardhan K, Weaver JD, Sari D, Torres-Gomez A, Li L, Strauss L, Lafuente EM, Boussiotis VA. The adaptor molecule RIAM integrates signaling events critical for integrin-mediated control of immune function and cancer progression. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/493/eaam8298. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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87
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Mahr B, Wekerle T. Murine models of transplantation tolerance through mixed chimerism: advances and roadblocks. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:181-189. [PMID: 28395110 PMCID: PMC5508343 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage organ failure, but chronic immunosuppression is taking its toll in terms of morbidity and poor efficacy in preventing late graft loss. Therefore, a drug-free state would be desirable where the recipient permanently accepts a donor organ while remaining otherwise fully immunologically competent. Mouse studies unveiled mixed chimerism as an effective approach to induce such donor-specific tolerance deliberately and laid the foundation for a series of clinical pilot trials. Nevertheless, its widespread clinical implementation is currently prevented by cytotoxic conditioning and limited efficacy. Therefore, the use of mouse studies remains an indispensable tool for the development of novel concepts with potential for translation and for the delineation of underlying tolerance mechanisms. Recent innovations developed in mice include the use of pro-apoptotic drugs or regulatory T cell (Treg ) transfer for promoting bone marrow engraftment in the absence of myelosuppression and new insight gained in the role of innate immunity and the interplay between deletion and regulation in maintaining tolerance in chimeras. Here, we review these and other recent advances in murine studies inducing transplantation tolerance through mixed chimerism and discuss both the advances and roadblocks of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Mahr
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - T. Wekerle
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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88
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Chen WC, Kanate AS, Craig M, Petros WP, Hazlehurst LA. Emerging combination therapies for the management of multiple myeloma: the role of elotuzumab. Cancer Manag Res 2017; 9:307-314. [PMID: 28744161 PMCID: PMC5513822 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s117477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have increased during the past decade. Despite the significant advances, challenges remain on which combination strategies will provide the optimal response for any given patient. Defining optimal combination strategies and corresponding companion diagnostics, that will guide clinical decisions are required to target relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in order to improve disease progression, survival and quality of life for patients with MM. Elotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 (SLAMF7), approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015 and the European Medicines Agency in 2016 for the treatment of MM. SLAMF7 is expressed in normal and malignant plasma cells and has lower expression on natural killer (NK) cells. Experimental evidence indicates that elotuzumab exhibits anti-myeloma activity through 1) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, 2) enhancing NK cells cytotoxicity and 3) interfering with adhesion of MM cells to bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Although elotuzumab has no single agent activity in patients with RRMM who have received one to three prior therapies, the combination of elotuzumab with anti-myeloma agents, such as immunomodulatory drugs-lenalidomide, or proteasome inhibitors (PIs)-bortezomib, remarkably improved the overall response rates and progression-free survival in MM patients with only minimal incremental toxicity. In brief, the clinical data for elotuzumab indicate that targeting SLAMF7 in combination with the use of conventional therapies is feasible and effective with a tolerable safety profile for the treatment of RRMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Abraham S Kanate
- Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael Craig
- Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - William P Petros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Lori A Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy.,Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
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89
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Wu Y, Li Y, Fu B, Jin L, Zheng X, Zhang A, Sun R, Tian Z, Wei H. Programmed differentiated natural killer cells kill leukemia cells by engaging SLAM family receptors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57024-57038. [PMID: 28915651 PMCID: PMC5593622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate immune cells that can directly kill transformed or virus-infected cells. The adoptive transfer of NK cells has been used to treat hematological malignancies; however, the limited sources and quantities of NK cells have restricted their clinical application. Here, we acquired sufficient quantities of functional NK cells from CD34+ cells treated with a cytokine cocktail. Microarray analysis of the cultured cells revealed a two-stage pattern of programmed differentiation during NK cell development. Different transcription factors were enriched during these two stages, suggesting that preparation of progenitors committed to the NK cell lineage occurs in program 1, while NK cell transformation and maturation occur in program 2. Cultured NK cells highly expressed signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors (SFRs), while leukemia cells expressed SFR ligands. The engagement of these SFRs strengthened the cytotoxicity of NK cells toward leukemia cells. These results demonstrate a simple method of obtaining sufficient NK cells for clinical application, and have categorized NK cell differentiation according to commitment and transformation programs. Moreover, the binding between SFRs on NK cells and their ligands on leukemia cells suggests a new basis for NK cell therapy for treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Young Li
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Binqing Fu
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Jin
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohu Zheng
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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90
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Yuki K, Eckenhoff RG. Mechanisms of the Immunological Effects of Volatile Anesthetics: A Review. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:326-35. [PMID: 27308954 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics (VAs) have been in clinical use for a very long time. Their mechanism of action is yet to be fully delineated, but multiple ion channels have been reported as targets for VAs (canonical VA targets). It is increasingly recognized that VAs also manifest effects outside the central nervous system, including on immune cells. However, the literature related to how VAs affect the behavior of immune cells is very limited, but it is of interest that some canonical VA targets are reportedly expressed in immune cells. Here, we review the current literature and describe canonical VA targets expressed in leukocytes and their known roles. In addition, we introduce adhesion molecules called β2 integrins as noncanonical VA targets in leukocytes. Finally, we propose a model for how VAs affect the function of neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells via concerted effects on multiple targets as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yuki
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; †Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and ‡Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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91
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Grisard E, Nicoloso MS. Following MicroRNAs Through the Cancer Metastatic Cascade. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 333:173-228. [PMID: 28729025 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately a decade ago the first MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) participating in cancer metastasis were identified and metastmiRs were initially only a handful. Since those first reports, MiRNA research has explosively thrived, mainly due to their revolutionary mechanism of action and the hope of having at hand a novel tool to control cancer aggressiveness. This has ultimately led to delineate an almost impenetrable regulatory network: hundreds of MiRNAs transversally dominating every aspect of normal and cancer biology, each MiRNA having hundreds of targets and context-dependent activity. Providing a comprehensive description of MiRNA roles in cancer metastasis is a daunting task; nevertheless, we still believe that grasping the big picture of MiRNAs in cancer metastasis can give a different perspective on the potential insights and approaches that MiRNAs can offer to understand cancer complexity (e.g., as predictive and prognostic markers) and to tackle cancer metastasis (e.g., as therapeutic targets or tools). This chapter presents a schematic overview of the role of MiRNAs in governing cancer metastasis, describing step by step the cellular and molecular processes whereby cancer cells conquer distant organs and can grow as secondary tumors at different distant sites, and for each step, we will introduce how MiRNAs impinge on each one of them. We deeply apologize with our colleagues for any of their research work that, for clarity, for our effort to streamline and due to space limitations, we did not cite.
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92
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Gandoglia I, Ivaldi F, Carrega P, Armentani E, Ferlazzo G, Mancardi G, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Uccelli A, Laroni A. In vitro VLA-4 blockade results in an impaired NK cell-mediated immune surveillance against melanoma. Immunol Lett 2016; 181:109-115. [PMID: 27919749 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natalizumab (NTZ) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the α4β1 integrin (CD49d/CD29), very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), which is approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). A possible association between NTZ treatment and a higher risk of melanoma is under debate. Natural Killer (NK) cells, which express VLA-4, represent an innate barrier limiting spreading of melanoma under steady state conditions. Indeed, because of their expression of activating receptors, they are very efficient in recognizing and killing melanoma cells without the need of a previous priming. For this reason, we aimed at assessing whether NK-cell functions might be impaired by sustained exposure to NTZ. To investigate this possibility we isolated NK cells from healthy donors and tested their cytotoxic and migratory functions against primary melanoma cells derived from subcutaneous and lymph node metastases. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated expression of CD49d on both freshly isolated NK cells and activated NK cells. Moreover, VLA-4 and its receptor, vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1) were similarly expressed on freshly isolated NK cells. However, upon a short exposure to NTZ, expression of VLA-4 on NK cells decreased. Analysis of NK receptor expression upon exposure of NK cells from three healthy donors to NTZ indicated that DNAM-1 and NKp46 are apparently decreased, while NKG2A is increased. The degranulation of NK cells towards melanoma cells, which express both VLA-4 and VCAM-1, was not affected when NTZ was added to the co-culture or when both NK cells and melanoma cells were each pre-exposed to NTZ for over 12h. In contrast, degranulation was significantly inhibited after 48h of pre-incubation indicating that NTZ can influence NK-cell degranulation towards melanoma cells only after a prolonged exposure. Using a migration chamber assay, we observed that the migration of NK cells towards melanoma cells was dependent upon the concentration of melanoma cells in the lower chamber, and that it was significantly reduced in presence of NTZ. Our results show that upon exposure to NTZ both cytolytic activity and migration toward melanoma cells were affected, suggesting that binding of NTZ to NK cells affects pathways involved in these NK-cell functions. We analyzed the expression of CD49d on NK cells from MS patients treated with NTZ and observed that it decreases with time of treatment. These data suggest that blockade of VLA-4 on NK-cell surface alters some key functions involved in the immune surveillance toward melanoma by NK cells and may provide a mechanistic explanation for the reported occurrence of melanoma in MS patients treated with NTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Gandoglia
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Ivaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eric Armentani
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mancardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alice Laroni
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
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93
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Fiege JK, Beura LK, Burbach BJ, Shimizu Y. Adhesion- and Degranulation-Promoting Adapter Protein Promotes CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Resident Memory Formation and Function during an Acute Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:2079-89. [PMID: 27521337 PMCID: PMC5010998 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During acute infections, naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells are activated and differentiate into effector T cells, most of which undergo contraction after pathogen clearance. A small population of CD8 T cells persists as memory to protect against future infections. We investigated the role of adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) in promoting CD8 T cell responses to a systemic infection. Naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells lacking ADAP exhibited a modest expansion defect early after Listeria monocytogenes or vesicular stomatitis virus infection but comparable cytolytic function at the peak of response. However, reduced numbers of ADAP-deficient CD8 T cells were present in the spleen after the peak of the response. ADAP deficiency resulted in a greater frequency of CD127(+) CD8 memory precursors in secondary lymphoid organs during the contraction phase. Reduced numbers of ADAP-deficient killer cell lectin-like receptor G1(-) CD8 resident memory T (TRM) cell precursors were present in a variety of nonlymphoid tissues at the peak of the immune response, and consequently the total numbers of ADAP-deficient TRM cells were reduced at memory time points. TRM cells that did form in the absence of ADAP were defective in effector molecule expression. ADAP-deficient TRM cells exhibited impaired effector function after Ag rechallenge, correlating with defects in their ability to form T cell-APC conjugates. However, ADAP-deficient TRM cells responded to TGF-β signals and recruited circulating memory CD8 T cells. Thus, ADAP regulates CD8 T cell differentiation events following acute pathogen challenge that are critical for the formation and selected functions of TRM cells in nonlymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brandon J Burbach
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Yoji Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
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94
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Guo H, Cranert SA, Lu Y, Zhong MC, Zhang S, Chen J, Li R, Mahl SE, Wu N, Davidson D, Waggoner SN, Veillette A. Deletion of Slam locus in mice reveals inhibitory role of SLAM family in NK cell responses regulated by cytokines and LFA-1. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2187-207. [PMID: 27573813 PMCID: PMC5030809 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Veillette and collaborators generate a mouse model with a deletion spanning the entire 400-kb Slam locus on chromosome 1 to show the overall role of SLAM proteins in NK cell development and function. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors (SFRs) can mediate either activating or inhibitory effects during natural killer cell (NK cell) activation. In this study, we addressed the global role, regulation, and mechanism of action of the SLAM family in NK cells by analyzing a mouse lacking the entire ∼400-kilobase Slam locus, which encodes all six SFRs and CD48, the ligand of SFR 2B4. This mouse displayed enhanced NK cell activation responses toward hematopoietic target cells. Analyses of mice lacking individual SFRs showed that the inhibitory function of the Slam locus was due solely to 2B4 and was not influenced positively or negatively by other SFRs. Differences in NK cell responses between recognition of targets expressing or lacking ligands for SFRs were enhanced by IL-12 but suppressed by type I interferon. Cytokines also changed the levels of SLAM-associated protein adaptors, which prevent the inhibitory function of SFRs. The enhanced activation responses of SFR-deficient NK cells were dependent on integrin LFA-1 but not on DNAM-1 or NKG2D. SFR-mediated inhibition prevented the generation of activated forms of LFA-1. Hence, the Slam locus has an overall inhibitory role during NK cell activation that is solely dependent on 2B4. This effect is influenced by cytokines and leads to suppression of LFA-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijian Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Stacey A Cranert
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Yan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Ming-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sarah E Mahl
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Ning Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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95
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Chacko A, Staines DR, Johnston SC, Marshall-Gradisnik SM. Dysregulation of Protein Kinase Gene Expression in NK Cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Patients. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:85-93. [PMID: 27594784 PMCID: PMC5003121 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s40036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology and pathomechanism of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) are unknown. However, natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction, in particular reduced NK cytotoxic activity, is a consistent finding in CFS/ME patients. Previous research has reported significant changes in intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways from isolated NK cells. The purpose of this present investigation was to examine whether protein kinase genes have a role in abnormal NK cell intracellular signaling in CFS/ME. METHOD Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of 528 protein kinase genes in isolated NK cells was analyzed (nCounter GX Human Kinase Kit v2 (XT); NanoString Technologies) from moderate (n = 11; age, 54.9 ± 10.3 years) and severe (n = 12; age, 47.5 ± 8.0 years) CFS/ME patients (classified by the 2011 International Consensus Criteria) and nonfatigued controls (n = 11; age, 50.0 ± 12.3 years). RESULTS The expression of 92 protein kinase genes was significantly different in the severe CFS/ME group compared with nonfatigued controls. Among these, 37 genes were significantly upregulated and 55 genes were significantly downregulated in severe CFS/ME patients compared with nonfatigued controls. CONCLUSIONS In severe CFS/ME patients, dysfunction in protein kinase genes may contribute to impairments in NK cell intracellular signaling and effector function. Similar changes in protein kinase genes may be present in other cells, potentially contributing to the pathomechanism of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Chacko
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.; The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald R Staines
- The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha C Johnston
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.; The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Sonya M Marshall-Gradisnik
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.; The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
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96
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Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) kill virus-infected and tumour cells with remarkable specificity. Upon recognition, CTLs form a cytolytic immune synapse with their target cell, and marked reorganization of both the actin and the microtubule cytoskeletons brings the centrosome up to the plasma membrane to the point of T cell receptor signalling. Secretory granules move towards the centrosome and are delivered to this focal point of secretion. Such centrosomal docking at the plasma membrane also occurs during ciliogenesis; indeed, striking similarities exist between the cytolytic synapse and the primary cilium that throw light on the possible origins of immune synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike de la Roche
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- CRUK-Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Yukako Asano
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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97
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Dura B, Servos MM, Barry RM, Ploegh HL, Dougan SK, Voldman J. Longitudinal multiparameter assay of lymphocyte interactions from onset by microfluidic cell pairing and culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3599-608. [PMID: 27303033 PMCID: PMC4932925 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515364113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving how the early signaling events initiated by cell-cell interactions are transduced into diverse functional outcomes necessitates correlated measurements at various stages. Typical approaches that rely on bulk cocultures and population-wide correlations, however, only reveal these relationships broadly at the population level, not within each individual cell. Here, we present a microfluidics-based cell-cell interaction assay that enables longitudinal investigation of lymphocyte interactions at the single-cell level through microfluidic cell pairing, on-chip culture, and multiparameter assays, and allows recovery of desired cell pairs by micromanipulation for off-chip culture and analyses. Well-defined initiation of interactions enables probing cellular responses from the very onset, permitting single-cell correlation analyses between early signaling dynamics and later-stage functional outcomes within same cells. We demonstrate the utility of this microfluidic assay with natural killer cells interacting with tumor cells, and our findings suggest a possible role for the strength of early calcium signaling in selective coordination of subsequent cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production. Collectively, our experiments demonstrate that this new approach is well-suited for resolving the relationships between complex immune responses within each individual cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Dura
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Microsystems Technology Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
| | - Mariah M Servos
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Rachel M Barry
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142; Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joel Voldman
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Microsystems Technology Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
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98
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NK cell education via nonclassical MHC and non-MHC ligands. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:321-330. [PMID: 27264685 PMCID: PMC5380944 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell education, a process for achieving functional maturation and self-tolerance, has been previously defined by the interaction between self-major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules and their specific inhibitory receptors. Over the past several years, growing evidence has highlighted the important roles of nonclassical MHC-I and non-MHC-I molecules in NK cell education. Herein, we review the current knowledge of NK cell education, with a particular focus on nonclassical MHC-I- and non-MHC-I-dependent education, and compare them with the classical MHC-I-dependent education theory. In addition, we update and extend this theory by presenting the 'Confining Model', discussing cis and trans characteristics, reassessing quantity and quality control, and elucidating the redundancy of NK cell education in tumor and virus infection.
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99
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Koumbi L, Pollicino T, Raimondo G, Kumar N, Karayiannis P, Khakoo SI. Hepatitis B viral replication influences the expression of natural killer cell ligands. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29:348-57. [PMID: 27366037 PMCID: PMC4923822 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is accounting for over one million deaths annually due to immune-mediated chronic liver damage. Natural killer (NK) cells are abundant in the liver and contribute in HBV persistence. NK cytotoxic effects are controlled by signals from activating and inhibitory receptors. HBV may circumvent host antiviral immunity via the regulation of NK receptors and their ligands. We investigated the effect of viral replication and HBeAg mutations on NK mediators expression in the livers of chronic HBV (CHB) patients and in cell cultures. METHODS HBV monomers bearing hotspot mutations in the basal core promoter and precore region were transfected into HepG2 cells using a plasmid-free assay. Serum viremia and liver HBV RNA were measured in 19 CHB patients. The expression of HBV RNA and of NKG2D ligands, B7H6, DNAX accessory molecule-1, lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1), LFA-1 and TRAIL was measured in the livers of CHB patients and transfected cells. RESULTS In general, high HBV replication in CHB patients and cell lines upregulated the mRNA of all NK cell ligands and particularly the inhibitory NK cell ligand, LLT1. The exception was the NKG2D ligand, MICA, that was significantly decreased in patients with high serum viremia and intrahepatic HBV RNA levels. CONCLUSIONS HBV replication has differential effects on NK cell ligands suggesting a potential escape mechanisms through up-regulation of LLT1 and down-regulation of MICA. A general trend towards upregulating NK cell ligands can be counteracted by decreasing MICA and hence weakening NK surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonica Koumbi
- Department of Medicine, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Section, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK (Lemonia Koumbi, Naveenta Kumar)
| | - Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecologic, Microbiologic, and Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy (Teresa Pollicino)
| | - Giovanni Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy (Giovanni Raimondo)
| | - Naveenta Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Section, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK (Lemonia Koumbi, Naveenta Kumar)
| | - Peter Karayiannis
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus (Peter Karayiannis)
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Henry Welcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK (Salim I. Khakoo)
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100
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Repression of GSK3 restores NK cell cytotoxicity in AML patients. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11154. [PMID: 27040177 PMCID: PMC4822012 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells from acute myeloid leukaemia patients (AML-NK) show a dramatic impairment in cytotoxic activity. The exact reasons for this dysfunction are not fully understood. Here we show that the glycogen synthase kinase beta (GSK3β) expression is elevated in AML-NK cells. Interestingly, GSK3 overexpression in normal NK cells impairs their ability to kill AML cells, while genetic or pharmacological GSK3 inactivation enhances their cytotoxic activity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the increased cytotoxic activity correlates with an increase in AML-NK cell conjugates. GSK3 inhibition promotes the conjugate formation by upregulating LFA expression on NK cells and by inducing ICAM-1 expression on AML cells. The latter is mediated by increased NF-κB activation in response to TNF-α production by NK cells. Finally, GSK3-inhibited NK cells show significant efficacy in human AML mouse models. Overall, our work provides mechanistic insights into the AML-NK dysfunction and a potential NK cell therapy strategy. Natural killer cells of acute myeloid leukaemia patients lack cytotoxic activity. Here the authors show that these cells have elevated GSK3β, and that its inhibition prolongs survival of mice transplanted with human AML and stimulates NK cytotoxicity via increased adhesion of NK cells to their targets.
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