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Işık Ü, Kılıç F, Demirdaş A, Aktepe E, Aydoğan Avşar P. Serum Galectin-3 Levels in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:256-261. [PMID: 32151128 PMCID: PMC7113172 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with underlying pathogenesis and etiological factors not fully understood. We assumed that galectin-3, which is also linked with inflammatory responses, may play an important role in the ethiopathogenesis of ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum galectin-3 levels are related to ADHD in childhood. METHODS The current study consisted of 35 treatment-naive children with ADHD and 35 control subjects. The severities of ADHD and conduct disorder symptoms were assessed via parent- and teacher-rated questionnaires. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms of the children were determined by the self-report scale. Venous blood samples were collected and serum galectin-3 levels were measured. RESULTS The ADHD group had significantly higher serum Galectin-3 levels than the control group. To control confounding factors, including age, sex, and BMI percentile, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was also performed. Analyses revealed a significantly higher serum log- Galectin-3 levels in children with ADHD compared to controls. No association was found between the mean serum galectin-3 levels and sociodemographic characteristics and clinical test scores, except the oppositional defiant behavior scores. CONCLUSION Our research supports the hypothesis that serum levels of galectin-3 might be related to ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Işık
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Faruk Kılıç
- Department of Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Arif Demirdaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Evrim Aktepe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Pınar Aydoğan Avşar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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Yazar HO, Yazar T, Cihan M. A preliminary data: Evaluation of serum Galectin-3 levels in patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 70:164-168. [PMID: 31471077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM In our study, we aimed to collect data for the hypothesis that Galectin-3 might be used as a new prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD). METHOD In this prospective and cross-sectional study, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scales were applied to each patient diagnosed as IPD according to the UK Brain Bank diagnostic criteria. The control group consisted of healthy individuals with the same age, gender, and body mass index characteristics as the patients meeting the exclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 111 cases were included in the study, 48 were IPD, and 63 were healthy controls. There were no statistically significant differences between the IPD and control groups in terms of demographic, anthropometric, and blood parameters (p > 0.05). Serum galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in IPD than the control group (p < 0.001). Serum galectin-3 levels, UPDRS scores, and duration of disease were significantly higher in patients with IPD in parallel with the progression of the disease (p < 0.001; 0.001; 0.009). No significant relationship was detected between the stage of the disease and other parameters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study supports the hypothesis that serum galectin-3 level might be associated with IPD. Our data suggest that serum galectin-3 levels might be an accessible biomarker for the detection and prevention of chronic, progressive diseases such as IPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Olgun Yazar
- Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Turkey.
| | - Tamer Yazar
- Ordu State Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Turkey
| | - Murat Cihan
- Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Clinical Biochemist, Turkey
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Volarevic V, Markovic BS, Jankovic MG, Djokovic B, Jovicic N, Harrell CR, Fellabaum C, Djonov V, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML. Galectin 3 protects from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by promoting TLR-2-dependent activation of IDO1/Kynurenine pathway in renal DCs. Theranostics 2019; 9:5976-6001. [PMID: 31534532 PMCID: PMC6735380 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies targeting cross-talk between immunosuppressive renal dendritic cells (DCs) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) may be effective in treating cisplatin (CDDP)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Galectin 3 (Gal-3), expressed on renal DCs, is known as a crucial regulator of immune response in the kidneys. In this study, we investigated the role of Gal-3 for DCs-mediated expansion of Tregs in the attenuation of CDDP-induced AKI. Methods: AKI was induced in CDDP-treated wild type (WT) C57BL/6 and Gal-3 deficient (Gal-3-/-) mice. Biochemical, histological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, magnetic cell sorting, flow cytometry and intracellular staining of renal-infiltrated immune cells were used to determine the differences between CDDP-treated WT and Gal-3-/- mice. Newly synthesized selective inhibitor of Gal-3 (Davanat) was used for pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3. Recombinant Gal-3 was used to demonstrate the effects of exogenously administered soluble Gal-3 on AKI progression. Pam3CSK4 was used for activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 in DCs. Cyclophosphamide or anti-CD25 antibody were used for the depletion of Tregs. 1-Methyl Tryptophan (1-MT) was used for pharmacological inhibition of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) in TLR-2-primed DCs which were afterwards used in passive transfer experiments. Results: CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity was significantly more aggravated in Gal-3-/- mice. Significantly reduced number of immunosuppressive TLR-2 and IDO1-expressing renal DCs, lower serum levels of KYN, decreased presence of IL-10-producing Tregs and significantly higher number of inflammatory IFN-γ and IL-17-producing neutrophils, Th1 and Th17 cells were observed in the CDDP-injured kidneys of Gal-3-/- mice. Pharmacological inhibitor of Gal-3 aggravated CDDP-induced AKI in WT animals while recombinant Gal-3 attenuated renal injury and inflammation in CDDP-treated Gal-3-/- mice. CDDP-induced apoptosis, driven by Bax and caspase-3, was aggravated in Gal-3-/- animals and in WT mice that received Gal-3 inhibitor (CDDP+Davanat-treated mice). Recombinant Gal-3 managed to completely attenuate CDDP-induced apoptosis in CDDP-injured kidneys of Gal-3-/- mice. Genetic deletion as well as pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3 in renal DCs remarkably reduced TLR-2-dependent activation of IDO1/KYN pathway in these cells diminishing their capacity to prevent transdifferentiation of Tregs in inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells. Additionally, Tregs generated by Gal-3 deficient DCs were not able to suppress production of IFN-γ and IL-17 in activated neutrophils. TLR-2-primed DCs significantly enhanced capacity of Tregs for attenuation of CDDP-induced AKI and inflammation and expression of Gal-3 on TLR-2-primed DCs was crucially important for their capacity to enhance nephroprotective and immunosuppressive properties of Tregs. Adoptive transfer of TLR-2-primed WTDCs significantly expanded Tregs in the kidneys of CDDP-treated WT and Gal-3-/- recipients resulting in the suppression of IFN-γ and IL-17-driven inflammation and alleviation of AKI. Importantly, this phenomenon was not observed in CDDP-treated WT and Gal-3-/- recipients of TLR-2-primed Gal-3-/-DCs. Gal-3-dependent nephroprotective and immunosuppressive effects of renal DCs was due to the IDO1-induced expansion of renal Tregs since either inhibition of IDO1 activity in TLR-2-primed DCs or depletion of Tregs completely diminished DCs-mediated attenuation of CDDP-induced AKI. Conclusions: Gal-3 protects from CDDP-induced AKI by promoting TLR-2-dependent activation of IDO1/KYN pathway in renal DCs resulting in increased expansion of immunosuppressive Tregs in injured kidneys. Activation of Gal-3:TLR-2:IDO1 pathway in renal DCs should be further explored as new therapeutic approach for DC-based immunosuppression of inflammatory renal diseases.
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Siew JJ, Chen HM, Chen HY, Chen HL, Chen CM, Soong BW, Wu YR, Chang CP, Chan YC, Lin CH, Liu FT, Chern Y. Galectin-3 is required for the microglia-mediated brain inflammation in a model of Huntington's disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3473. [PMID: 31375685 PMCID: PMC6677843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests with movement dysfunction. The expression of mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) disrupts the functions of brain cells. Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a lectin that has not been extensively explored in brain diseases. Herein, we showed that the plasma Gal3 levels of HD patients and mice correlated with disease severity. Moreover, brain Gal3 levels were higher in patients and mice with HD than those in controls. The up-regulation of Gal3 in HD mice occurred before motor impairment, and its level remained high in microglia throughout disease progression. The cell-autonomous up-regulated Gal3 formed puncta in damaged lysosomes and contributed to inflammation through NFκB- and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathways. Knockdown of Gal3 suppressed inflammation, reduced mHTT aggregation, restored neuronal DARPP32 levels, ameliorated motor dysfunction, and increased survival in HD mice. Thus, suppression of Gal3 ameliorates microglia-mediated pathogenesis, which suggests that Gal3 is a novel druggable target for HD. The authors show that Galectin-3 is up–regulated in brain tissues from patients and a mouse model of Huntington’s disease (HD) and correlates with disease severity. Galectin-3 accumulates at damaged lysosomes in HD microglia, prevents the clearance of damaged lysosomes, and promotes inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing Siew
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, and Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pang Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Shen Q, Chen W, Liu J, Liang Q. Galectin-3 aggravates pulmonary arterial hypertension via immunomodulation in congenital heart disease. Life Sci 2019; 232:116546. [PMID: 31176777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is reported to contribute to right ventricular failure and death. PAH of variable degrees is often related to congenital heart disease (CHD). Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been proven to be of great importance in PAH and CHD. Therefore, we investigated the specific mechanism of Gal-3 in CHD-PAH. Patients with CHD-PAH were enrolled to detect the changes of T-cell subsets, cytokine levels, and other related inflammatory cells in the plasma and to assess the Gal-3 levels in the serum. Next, CHD-PAH mouse models were established and treated with restored or depleted Gal-3 to evaluate the systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), to determine levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, AKT and p-AKT along with proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Finally, we explored the effects of adoptive transfer of CD4+T cells on CHD-PAH in mice with Gal-3 knockdown to further investigate the role of Gal-3 in vivo. Initially, Gal-3 was up-regulated in patients with CHD-PAH. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that restored Gal-3 increased sPAP and RVHI, and promoted proliferation of PASMCs by activating the immune response with elevated levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and p-AKT. Finally, adoptive transfer of CD4+T cells promoted CD4+T cell perivascular infiltration and the progression of CHD-PAH in mice with Gal-3 knockdown. Collectively, the current study suggests a facilitating role of Gal-3 in pulmonary artery remodeling and progression of CHD-PAH via activation of Th2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, University of South China Affiliated Huaihua Hospital, Huaihua 418000, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, PR China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, University of South China Affiliated Huaihua Hospital, Huaihua 418000, PR China
| | - Qingsong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, PR China
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Cao MY, Wang J, Gao XL, Hu YB. Serum galectin-3 concentrations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22914. [PMID: 31106498 PMCID: PMC6642303 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of our study was to assess potential correlations between serum galectin‐3 concentrations and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity (ASDAS) index in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods A total of 112 patients with AS were included, and 130 healthy subjects were considered as controls. We collected the detailed medical history, and ASDAS index was used to assess the disease severity in patients with AS. Results The serum galectin concentrations were higher in AS patients compared to the health groups (14.1 ± 9.6 vs 9.2 ± 3.7, P < 0.001). The correlation analysis showed that serum galectin concentrations were significantly positively correlated with C‐reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.369, P < 0.001; r = 0.240, P = 0.011). In addition, the positively correlation of serum galectin‐3 with global pain index (r = 0.238, P = 0.011) was observed in AS patients. A significant positively correlation between serum galectin and ASDAS index in AS patients was found (r = 0.367; P < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, the results indicated that increased serum galectin still was correlated with ASDAS index (r = 0.322, P < 0.001) in patients with AS. Conclusions Serum galectin concentrations were found to be correlated with ASDAS index in patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Cao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ya-Bin Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, China
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Stajic D, Selakovic D, Jovicic N, Joksimovic J, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Rosic G. The role of galectin-3 in modulation of anxiety state level in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:177-187. [PMID: 30682502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of lectin family that binds to oligosaccharides, is involved in several biological processes, including maturation and function of nervous system. It had been reported that Gal-3 regulates oligodendrocytes differentiation and that Gal-3/Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) axis is involved in neuroinflammation. As both, central nervous system (CNS) maturation and neuroinflammation may affect behavior, the principle aim of this study was to examine the effects of Gal-3 gene deletion on behavior. Here we provide the evidence that Gal-3 deficiency shows clear anxiogenic effect in mature untreated animals (basal conditions). This was accompanied with lower interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) relative gene expression and hippocampal content, with no effect on TLR4 expression. Gal-3 deficiency was also accompanied with lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) relative gene expression and immunoreactivity in hippocampus (predominantly in CA1 region). Besides, the Gal-3 gene deletion resulted in attenuation of the hippocampal relative gene expression of GABA-A receptor subunits 2 and 5 (GABA-AR2S and GABA-AR5S), On the other hand, Gal-3 deficiency attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation. The anxiogenic effect of acute neuroinflammation was accompanied with increased hippocampal IL-6, TNF-α and TLR4 gene expression, as well as decreased gene and immunohistochemical BDNF expression in hippocampus, with significant decline in GABA-AR2S in wild type (WT) mice in comparison to basal conditions. Gal-3 gene deletion prevented the increase in IL-6, the decline in BDNF gene expression and immunoreactivity, and reduction in hippocampal GABA-AR2S, and therefore attenuated the anxiogenic effect of neuroinflammation. In summary, our data demonstrate that apparently opposite effects of Gal-3 deficiency on anxiety levels (anxiogenic effect under basal conditions and anxiolytic action during neuroinflammation) seem to be related to the shift in IL-6, TNF-α and hippocampal BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Stajic
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia; Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragica Selakovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Joksimovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Gvozden Rosic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Ramírez E, Sánchez-Maldonado C, Mayoral MA, Mendieta L, Alatriste V, Patricio-Martínez A, Limón ID. Neuroinflammation induced by the peptide amyloid-β (25-35) increase the presence of galectin-3 in astrocytes and microglia and impairs spatial memory. Neuropeptides 2019; 74:11-23. [PMID: 30795916 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are animal lectins that bind to β-galactosides, such as lactose and N-acetyllactosamine, contained in glycoproteins or glycolipids. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) are involved in pathologies associated with the inflammatory process, cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that the administration of Amyloid-β 25-35 (Aβ25-35) into the hippocampus of rats increases the inflammatory response that is associated with memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Galectins could participate in the modulation of the neuroinflammation induced by the Aβ25-35. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the neuroinflammation induced by administration of Aβ25-35 into the hippocampus and to examine spatial memory in the Morris water maze. After the administration of Aβ25-35, animals were tested for learning and spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Behavioral performance showed that Aβ25-35 didn't affect spatial learning but did impair memory, with animals taking longer to find the platform. On the day 32, hippocampus was examined for astrocytes (GFAP), microglia (Iba1), Gal-1 and Gal-3 via immunohistochemical analysis, and the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ by ELISA. This study's results showed a significant increase in the expression of Gal-3 in the microglia and astrocytes, while Gal-1 didn't increase in the dorsal hippocampus. The expression of galectins is associated with increased cytokines in the hippocampal formation of Aβ25-35 treated rats. These findings suggest that Gal-3 could participate in the inflammation induced by administration of Aβ25-35 and could be involved in the neurodegeneration progress and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Liliana Mendieta
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, BUAP, Puebla, Mexico
| | - I Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico.
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Signaling pathways involved in the expression of SZNF and the target genes binding with SZNF related to cyadox. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1879-1893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Premeaux TA, D'Antoni ML, Abdel-Mohsen M, Pillai SK, Kallianpur KJ, Nakamoto BK, Agsalda-Garcia M, Shiramizu B, Shikuma CM, Gisslén M, Price RW, Valcour V, Ndhlovu LC. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid Galectin-9 is associated with central nervous system immune activation and poor cognitive performance in older HIV-infected individuals. J Neurovirol 2018; 25:150-161. [PMID: 30478799 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-018-0696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that galectin-9 (Gal-9), a soluble lectin with immunomodulatory properties, is elevated in plasma during HIV infection and induces HIV transcription. The link between Gal-9 and compromised neuronal function is becoming increasingly evident; however, the association with neuroHIV remains unknown. We measured Gal-9 levels by ELISA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 70 HIV-infected (HIV+) adults stratified by age (older > 40 years and younger < 40 years) either ART suppressed or with detectable CSF HIV RNA, including a subgroup with cognitive assessments, and 18 HIV uninfected (HIV-) controls. Gal-9 tissue expression was compared in necropsy brain specimens from HIV- and HIV+ donors using gene datasets and immunohistochemistry. Among older HIV+ adults, CSF Gal-9 was elevated in the ART suppressed and CSF viremic groups compared to controls, whereas in the younger group, Gal-9 levels were elevated only in the CSF viremic group (p < 0.05). CSF Gal-9 positively correlated with age in all groups (p < 0.05). CSF Gal-9 tracked with CSF HIV RNA irrespective of age (β = 0.33; p < 0.05). Higher CSF Gal-9 in the older viremic HIV+ group correlated with worse neuropsychological test performance scores independently of age and CSF HIV RNA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CSF Gal-9 directly correlated with myeloid activation (CSF-soluble CD163 and neopterin) in both HIV+ older groups (p < 0.05). Among HIV+ necropsy specimens, Gal-9 expression was increased in select brain regions compared to controls (p < 0.05). Gal-9 may serve as a novel neuroimmuno-modulatory protein that is involved in driving cognitive deficits in those aging with HIV and may be valuable in tracking cognitive abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Premeaux
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 325, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Michelle L D'Antoni
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 325, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Hawai'i Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 225, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | | | - Satish K Pillai
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Kalpana J Kallianpur
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 325, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Hawai'i Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 225, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Beau K Nakamoto
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 225, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Straub Medical Center, 888 S King St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Melissa Agsalda-Garcia
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 225, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Bruce Shiramizu
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 225, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Cecilia M Shikuma
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 225, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard W Price
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 325, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA. .,Hawai'i Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo St BSB 225, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Qin S, Sun D, Mu J, Ma D, Tang R, Zheng Y. Purple sweet potato color improves hippocampal insulin resistance via down-regulating SOCS3 and galectin-3 in high-fat diet mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:370-377. [PMID: 30465813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal insulin resistance is the key factor in cognitive deficits. The obesity induces chronic inflammation and the inflammation molecules suppressors of cytokine signaling3 (SOCS3) and galectin-3 directly impair the insulin signaling. The anti-inflammation properties of purple sweet potato color (PSPC) prompted us to investigate the effect of PSPC on cognitive impairment associated with obesity. 60 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal, high fat diets (HFD), HFD+PSPC and PSPC. The mice were fed with the HFD or normal diet for 32 weeks. The PSPC (500 mg/kg/day) was administered via oral gavage from 21 to 32 weeks. The results showed the PSPC rectified the abnormal metabolism indexes induced by HFD, including ameliorated obesity, decreased the concentration of fasting blood glucose and improved the glucose tolerance. The Morris water maze test showed the PSPC alleviated the cognitive impairment in HFD mice. The PSPC decreased the expression of Iba1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, SOCS3 and galectin-3 in hippocampus of HFD mice. The insulin signaling molecules including the p-IRS1 (Tyr608), PI3K p110α and p-AKT (Ser473) were detected and the PSPC treatment improved the insulin resistance in hippocampus of HFD mice. Furthermore, the PSPC increased Bcl-2, diminished the Bak and the cleaved-caspase3 in HFD mice hippocampus. These findings indicated that PSPC could be a potential treatment to improve the cognitive impairment associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Qin
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dexu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Mu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Daifu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
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62
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Thomas L, Pasquini LA. Galectin-3-Mediated Glial Crosstalk Drives Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and (Re)myelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:297. [PMID: 30258354 PMCID: PMC6143789 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is the only chimeric protein in the galectin family. Gal-3 structure comprises unusual tandem repeats of proline and glycine-rich short stretches bound to a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). The present review summarizes Gal-3 functions in the extracellular and intracellular space, its regulation and its internalization and secretion, with a focus on the current knowledge of Gal-3 role in central nervous system (CNS) health and disease, particularly oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation, myelination and remyelination in experimental models of multiple sclerosis (MS). During myelination, microglia-expressed Gal-3 promotes OLG differentiation by binding glycoconjugates present only on the cell surface of OLG precursor cells (OPC). During remyelination, microglia-expressed Gal-3 favors an M2 microglial phenotype, hence fostering myelin debris phagocytosis through TREM-2b phagocytic receptor and OLG differentiation. Gal-3 is necessary for myelin integrity and function, as evidenced by myelin ultrastructural and behavioral studies from LGALS3-/- mice. Mechanistically, Gal-3 enhances actin assembly and reduces Erk 1/2 activation, leading to early OLG branching. Gal-3 later induces Akt activation and increases MBP expression, promoting gelsolin release and actin disassembly and thus regulating OLG final differentiation. Altogether, findings indicate that Gal-3 mediates the glial crosstalk driving OLG differentiation and (re)myelination and may be regarded as a target in the design of future therapies for a variety of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thomas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Chemistry and Biological Physicochemistry (IQUIFIB), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Andrea Pasquini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Chemistry and Biological Physicochemistry (IQUIFIB), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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63
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Ashraf GM, Baeesa SS. Investigation of Gal-3 Expression Pattern in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients Suffering From Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:430. [PMID: 30008660 PMCID: PMC6033997 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed this study to investigate the possibility of a definitive pattern of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. In our study, we collected the CSF and serum samples of 31 AD patients, 19 ALS patients and 50 normal healthy subjects (controls). Quantitative ELISA measured Gal-3 concentrations in CSF and serum samples. A comparative analysis was performed to analyze and understand the Gal-3 expression pattern. A number of neuropsychological assessments and statistical analyses were carried out to validate our findings. Recent researches have established the role of galectins in various neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), but a definitive pattern of galectin expression is still elusive. A significant difference was observed in serum and CSF Gal-3 concentrations between AD patients and healthy controls. The difference in serum and CSF Gal-3 concentrations between ALS patients vs. controls was lesser as compared to AD patients vs. controls. The difference in serum and CSF Gal-3 concentrations of AD vs. ALS patients was not significant. The MMSE score and serum and CSF Gal-3 concentrations in AD and ALS patients, and controls exhibited a significant positive correlation. The findings of the present study are expected to provide an insight into the definitive pattern of Gal-3 expression in AD and ALS patients, and might thus establish Gal-3 as a strong biomarker. This in turn will open up new and promising research avenues targeting the expression of galectins to modulate the progression of NDDs, and pave the way for novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam M Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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64
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Evangelista AF, Vannier-Santos MA, de Assis Silva GS, Silva DN, Juiz PJL, Nonaka CKV, Dos Santos RR, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells reverse the sensorial diabetic neuropathy via modulation of spinal neuroinflammatory cascades. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:189. [PMID: 29933760 PMCID: PMC6015468 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a frequent and debilitating manifestation of diabetes mellitus, to which there are no effective therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) have a great potential for the treatment of this syndrome, possibly through regenerative actions on peripheral nerves. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of MSC on spinal neuroinflammation, as well as on ultrastructural aspects of the peripheral nerve in DN-associated sensorial dysfunction. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were treated with bone marrow-derived MSC (1 × 106), conditioned medium from MSC cultures (CM-MSC) or vehicle by endovenous route following the onset of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Paw mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds were evaluated by using von Frey filaments and Hargreaves test, respectively. Morphological and morphometric analysis of the sciatic nerve was performed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mediators and markers of neuroinflammation in the spinal cord were measured by radioimmunoassay, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS Diabetic mice presented behavioral signs of sensory neuropathy, mechanical allodynia, and heat hypoalgesia, which were completely reversed by a single administration of MSC or CM-MSC. The ultrastructural analysis of the sciatic nerve showed that diabetic mice exhibited morphological and morphometric alterations, considered hallmarks of DN, such as degenerative changes in axons and myelin sheath, and reduced area and density of unmyelinated fibers. In MSC-treated mice, these structural alterations were markedly less commonly observed and/or less pronounced. Moreover, MSC transplantation inhibited multiple parameters of spinal neuroinflammation found in diabetic mice, causing the reduction of activated astrocytes and microglia, oxidative stress signals, galectin-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α production. Conversely, MSC increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, and TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS The present study described the modulatory effects of MSC on spinal cord neuroinflammation in diabetic mice, suggesting new mechanisms by which MSC can improve DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Nascimento Silva
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, BA, CEP 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Lima Juiz
- Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Feira de Santana, BA, CEP 44042-280, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, CEP 40296-710, Brazil.,Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, BA, CEP 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Flora Villarreal
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, CEP 40296-710, Brazil. .,Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, CEP 40170-290, Brazil.
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65
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Cell- and stage-specific localization of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:176-184. [PMID: 29920290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which pathogenic T cells play an important role, and an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is used as an animal model of MS. Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins and involved in various physiological and pathological events. Among fifteen members of galectins, galectin-1, -8, and -9 play immunosuppressive roles in MS and EAE; however, the role of galectin-3 (gal-3) is complex and controversial. We examined expression of gal-3 in the spinal cord and nerve roots of EAE mice. No immunohistochemical signals were detected in naïve mice, whereas gal-3 appeared at lower lumbar levels of the spinal cord and nerve roots in EAE mice. In the spinal cord, gal-3-positive cells were activated microglia and/or infiltrating macrophages, which were round in shape and intensified for the lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin D, indicating elevated phagocytic activity. Gal-3-positive cells in the spinal cord were most abundant during the peak symptomatic period. In the recovery period, they disappeared from the spinal parenchyma but remained at moderate levels in the pia mater. Interestingly, gal-3-positive cells selectively appeared in ventral, but not dorsal, nerve roots running through the spinal canal, with expression peaking during the recovery period. In ventral nerve roots, the major cell type expressing gal-3 was a specific population of Schwann cells that surround unmyelinated axons and express the biosynthetic enzyme for l-serine, a potent neurotrophic amino acid. Gal-3 was also induced in Iba1/F4/80-positive macrophages, which engulf damaged myelin and axon debris. Thus, gal-3 is induced in distinct cell types that are engaged in removal of damaged axons and cell debris and axon regeneration and remyelination, suggesting a potential neuroprotective role of gal-3 in EAE mice.
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66
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Siew JJ, Chern Y. Microglial Lectins in Health and Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:158. [PMID: 29867350 PMCID: PMC5960708 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the innate sentinels of the central nervous system (CNS) and are responsible for the homeostasis and immune defense of the CNS. Under the influence of the local environment and cell-cell interaction, microglia exhibit a multidimensional and context-dependent phenotypes that can be cytotoxic and neuroprotective. Recent studies suggest that microglia express multitudinous types of lectins, including galectins, Siglecs, mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) and other glycan binding proteins. Because most studies that examine lectins focus on the peripheral system, the functions of lectins have not been critically investigated in the CNS. In addition, the types of brain cells that contribute to the altered levels of lectins present in diseases are often unclear. In this review, we will discuss how galectins, Siglecs, selectins and MBLs contribute to the dynamic functions of microglia. The interacting ligands of these lectins are complex glycoconjugates, which consist of glycoproteins and glycolipids that are expressed on microglia or surrounding cells. The current understanding of the heterogeneity and functions of glycans in the brain is limited. Galectins are a group of pleotropic proteins that recognize both β-galactoside-containing glycans and non- β-galactoside-containing proteins. The function and regulation of galectins have been implicated in immunomodulation, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, phagocytosis and oxidative bursts. Most Siglecs are expressed at a low level on the plasma membrane and bind to sialic acid residues for immunosurveillance and cell-cell communication. Siglecs are classified based on their inhibitory and activatory downstream signaling properties. Inhibitory Siglecs negatively regulate microglia activation upon recognizing the intact sialic acid patterns and vice versa. MBLs are expressed upon infection in cytoplasm and can be secreted in order to recognize molecules containing terminal mannose as an innate immune defense machinery. Most importantly, multiple studies have reported dysregulation of lectins in neurological disorders. Here, we reviewed recent studies on microglial lectins and their functions in CNS health and disease, and suggest that these lectin families are novel, potent therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing Siew
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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67
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Toscano MA, Martínez Allo VC, Cutine AM, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Untangling Galectin-Driven Regulatory Circuits in Autoimmune Inflammation. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:348-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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68
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Boziki M, Polyzos SA, Deretzi G, Kazakos E, Katsinelos P, Doulberis M, Kotronis G, Giartza-Taxidou E, Laskaridis L, Tzivras D, Vardaka E, Kountouras C, Grigoriadis N, Thomann R, Kountouras J. A potential impact of Helicobacter pylori-related galectin-3 in neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2017; 113:137-151. [PMID: 29246761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration represents a component of the central nervous system (CNS) diseases pathogenesis, either as a disability primary source in the frame of prototype neurodegenerative disorders, or as a secondary effect, following inflammation, hypoxia or neurotoxicity. Galectins are members of the lectin superfamily, a group of endogenous glycan-binding proteins, able to interact with glycosylated receptors expressed by several immune cell types. Glycan-lectin interactions play critical roles in the living systems by involving and mediating a variety of biologically important normal and pathological processes, including cell-cell signaling shaping cell communication, proliferation and migration, immune responses and fertilization, host-pathogen interactions and diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and tumors. This review focuses in the role of Galectin-3 in shaping responses of the immune system against microbial agents, and concretely, Helicobacter pylori (Hp), thereby potentiating effect of the microbe in areas distant from the ordinary site of colonization, like the CNS. We hereby postulate that gastrointestinal Hp alterations in terms of immune cell functional phenotype, cytokine and chemokine secretion, may trigger systemic responses, thereby conferring implications for remote processes susceptible in immunity disequilibrium, namely, the CNS inflammation and/or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boziki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leonidas Laskaridis
- Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri Tzivras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Robert Thomann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Markovic BS, Milosavljevic N, Arsenijevic A, Gazdic M, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Bacterial Flora Play Important Roles in Acute Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Colitis But Are Not Involved in Gal-3 Dependent Modulation of Colon Inflammation. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An altered immune response to normal gut microflora is important for the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Galectin- 3 (Gal-3) is an endogenous lectin that plays an important pro-inflammatory role in the induction phase of acute colitis by promoting activation of the NLRP3 infl ammasome and production of IL-1β in macrophages. By using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis, a well-established animal model of UC, we determined whether Gal-3 affects the function of colon infiltrating macrophages by interfering with intestinal microfl ora. Our results showed that genetic deletion of Gal-3 significantly attenuates DSS-induced colitis by down-regulating infiltration of phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells) in colon tissue of DSS-treated mice, and this correlated with differences in bacterial flora of the gut. Antibiotic treatment attenuates DSS-induced colitis in WT and Gal-3-/- mice without affecting differences between the groups. In conclusion, Gram negative bacterial flora play an important role in DSS-induced acute colitis of mice but are not involved in Gal-3 dependent modulation of colon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Neda Milosavljevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac , Serbia
- 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac , Serbia
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70
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Pardo E, Cárcamo C, Uribe-San Martín R, Ciampi E, Segovia-Miranda F, Curkovic-Peña C, Montecino F, Holmes C, Tichauer JE, Acuña E, Osorio-Barrios F, Castro M, Cortes P, Oyanadel C, Valenzuela DM, Pacheco R, Naves R, Soza A, González A. Galectin-8 as an immunosuppressor in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and a target of human early prognostic antibodies in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28650992 PMCID: PMC5484466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a member of a glycan-binding protein family that regulates the immune system, among other functions, and is a target of antibodies in autoimmune disorders. However, its role in multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), remains unknown. We study the consequences of Gal-8 silencing on lymphocyte subpopulations and the development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), to then assess the presence and clinical meaning of anti-Gal-8 antibodies in MS patients. Lgals8/Lac-Z knock-in mice lacking Gal-8 expression have higher polarization toward Th17 cells accompanied with decreased CCR6+ and higher CXCR3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) frequency. These conditions result in exacerbated MOG35-55 peptide-induced EAE. Gal-8 eliminates activated Th17 but not Th1 cells by apoptosis and ameliorates EAE in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. β-gal histochemistry reflecting the activity of the Gal-8 promoter revealed Gal-8 expression in a wide range of CNS regions, including high expression in the choroid-plexus. Accordingly, we detected Gal-8 in human cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting a role in the CNS immune-surveillance circuit. In addition, we show that MS patients generate function-blocking anti-Gal-8 antibodies with pathogenic potential. Such antibodies block cell adhesion and Gal-8-induced Th17 apoptosis. Furthermore, circulating anti-Gal-8 antibodies associate with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and not with progressive MS phenotypes, predicting clinical disability at diagnosis within the first year of follow-up. Our results reveal that Gal-8 has an immunosuppressive protective role against autoimmune CNS inflammation, modulating the balance of Th17 and Th1 polarization and their respective Tregs. Such a role can be counteracted during RRMS by anti-Gal-8 antibodies, worsening disease prognosis. Even though anti-Gal-8 antibodies are not specific for MS, our results suggest that they could be a potential early severity biomarker in RRMS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Female
- Galectins/genetics
- Galectins/immunology
- Galectins/metabolism
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Prognosis
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Pardo
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Cárcamo
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Uribe-San Martín
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ethel Ciampi
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Segovia-Miranda
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Curkovic-Peña
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Montecino
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Holmes
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Enrique Tichauer
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Acuña
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Marjorie Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Priscilla Cortes
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AG); (AS)
| | - Alfonso González
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AG); (AS)
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71
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Gittens BR, Bodkin JV, Nourshargh S, Perretti M, Cooper D. Galectin-3: A Positive Regulator of Leukocyte Recruitment in the Inflamed Microcirculation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4458-4469. [PMID: 28438899 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In vivo and ex vivo imaging were used to investigate the function of galectin-3 (Gal-3) during the process of leukocyte recruitment to the inflamed microcirculation. The cremasteric microcirculation of wild-type (C57BL/6), Gal-3-/-, and CX3CR1gfp/+ mice were assessed by intravital microscopy after PBS, IL-1β, TNF-α, or recombinant Gal-3 treatment. These cellular responses were investigated further using flow-chamber assays, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, PCR analysis, and proteome array. We show that mechanisms mediating leukocyte slow rolling and emigration are impaired in Gal-3-/- mice, which could be because of impaired expression of cell adhesion molecules and an altered cell surface glycoproteome. Local (intrascrotal) administration of recombinant Gal-3 to wild-type mice resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in rolling velocity associated with increased numbers of adherent and emigrated leukocytes, ∼50% of which were Ly6G+ neutrophils. Intrascrotal administration of Gal-3 to CX3CR1gfp/+ mice confirmed that approximately equal numbers of monocytes are also recruited in response to this lectin. Exogenous Gal-3 treatment was accompanied by increased proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines within the local tissue. In conclusion, this study unveils novel biology for both exogenous and endogenous Gal-3 in promoting leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice R Gittens
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer V Bodkin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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72
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Translating the ‘Sugar Code’ into Immune and Vascular Signaling Programs. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:255-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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73
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Galectins: emerging regulatory checkpoints linking tumor immunity and angiogenesis. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 45:8-15. [PMID: 28088061 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints, a plethora of inhibitory pathways aimed at maintaining immune cell homeostasis, may be co-opted by cancer cells to evade immune destruction. Therapies targeting immune checkpoints have reached a momentum yielding significant clinical benefits in patients with various malignancies by unleashing anti-tumor immunity. Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins, have emerged as novel regulatory checkpoints that promote immune evasive programs by inducing T-cell exhaustion, limiting T-cell survival, favoring expansion of regulatory T cells, de-activating natural killer cells and polarizing myeloid cells toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. Concomitantly, galectins can trigger vascular signaling programs, serving as bifunctional messengers that couple tumor immunity and angiogenesis. Thus, targeting galectin-glycan interactions may halt tumor progression by simultaneously augmenting antitumor immunity and suppressing aberrant angiogenesis.
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74
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Barbour M, McNaughton M, Boomkamp SD, MacRitchie N, Jiang H, Pyne NJ, Pyne S. Effect of sphingosine kinase modulators on interleukin-1β release, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 expression and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:210-222. [PMID: 27864936 PMCID: PMC5192795 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The sphingosine analogue, FTY720 (GilenyaR ), alleviates clinical disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Here, we variously assessed the effects of an azide analogue of (S)-FTY720 vinylphosphonate (compound 5; a sphingosine kinase 1 activator), (R)-FTY720 methyl ether (ROMe, a sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor) and RB-020 (a sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor and sphingosine kinase 2 substrate) on IL-1β formation, sphingosine 1-phosphate levels and expression of S1P1 receptors. We also assessed the effect of compound 5 and ROMe in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We measured IL-1β formation by macrophages, sphingosine 1-phosphate levels and expression levels of S1P1 receptors in vitro and clinical score in mice with EAE and the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration into the spinal cord in vivo. KEY RESULTS Treatment of differentiated U937 macrophages with compound 5, RB-020 or sphingosine (but not ROMe) enhanced IL-1β release. These data suggest that these compounds might be pro-inflammatory in vitro. However, compound 5 or ROMe reduced disease progression and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the spinal cord in EAE, and ROMe induced a reduction in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell levels in the blood (lymphopenia). Indeed, ROMe induced a marked decrease in expression of cell surface S1P1 receptors in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This is the first demonstration that an activator of sphingosine kinase 1 (compound 5) and an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 2 (ROMe, which also reduces cell surface S1P1 receptor expression) have an anti-inflammatory action in EAE.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cricetulus
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism
- Piperidines/chemistry
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/biosynthesis
- Sphingosine/chemistry
- Sphingosine/pharmacology
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Barbour
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Melissa McNaughton
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Stephanie D Boomkamp
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Neil MacRitchie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Hui‐Rong Jiang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
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75
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Pathogen–Host Interaction of Histoplasma capsulatum: an Update. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-016-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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76
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Liu H, Liu Y, Zhao J, Liu H, He S. Prognostic value of plasma galectin-3 levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00543. [PMID: 27781149 PMCID: PMC5064347 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses are correlated with secondary brain injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a novel biomarker reflecting inflammation status, and its elevated circulating levels are associated with poor prognosis of some inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Gal-3 plasma levels and prognosis in a group of aSAH patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed plasma Gal-3 levels in 120 patients and 120 healthy individuals. 6-month clinical outcomes included mortality and unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1-3). Associations of plasma Gal-3 levels with clinical outcomes were investigated using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Patients showed significantly higher Gal-3 levels as compared to controls. Circulating Gal-3 was significantly and independently associated with 6-month clinical outcomes in the logistic regression analysis. Moreover, we observed a significant correlation between circulating Gal-3 and World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scores and modified Fisher scores. Furthermore, Gal-3 possessed high area under receiver operating characteristic curve for prognostic assessment. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the associations between Gal-3 levels and the severity and poor prognosis following aSAH. This suggests the possible role of Gal-3 in the prognostic prediction after aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery The Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China; Department of Neurosurgery The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University Suzhou Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery The Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jinbing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery The Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery The Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shengxue He
- Department of Neurosurgery The Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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77
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Radosavljevic GD, Pantic J, Jovanovic I, Lukic ML, Arsenijevic N. The Two Faces of Galectin-3: Roles in Various Pathological Conditions. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2016-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Galectin-3, a unique chimaera-type member of the lectin family, displays a wide range of activities. This versatile molecule is involved in fundamental biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, apoptosis and immune responses.
This review is aimed at providing a general overview of the biological actions and diverse effects of Galectin-3 in many pathological conditions, with a specific focus on autoimmunity, inflammation and tumour progression. We report herein that Galectin-3 exerts deleterious functions determined by promotion of tumour progression and liver inflammation or aggravation of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, Galectin-3 exhibits a protective role in metabolic abnormalities and primary biliary cirrhosis.
The paradoxical “yin and yang” functions of Galectin-3 depend not only on its tissue and cellular localization but also on its availability, glycosylation status and the expression level of its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana D. Radosavljevic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Pantic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
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78
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Bauer PM, Zalis MC, Abdshill H, Deierborg T, Johansson F, Englund-Johansson U. Inflamed In Vitro Retina: Cytotoxic Neuroinflammation and Galectin-3 Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161723. [PMID: 27612287 PMCID: PMC5017668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease progression in retinal neurodegeneration is strongly correlated to immune cell activation, which may have either a neuroprotective or neurotoxic effect. Increased knowledge about the immune response profile and retinal neurodegeneration may lead to candidate targets for treatments. Therefore, we have used the explanted retina as a model to explore the immune response and expression of the immune modulator galectin-3 (Gal-3), induced by the cultivation per se and after additional immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and how this correlates with retinal neurotoxicity. Methods Post-natal mouse retinas were cultured in a defined medium. One group was stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml, 24 h). Retinal architecture, apoptotic cell death, and micro- and macroglial activity were studied at the time of cultivation (0 days in vitro (DIV)) and at 3, 4 and 7 DIV using morphological staining, biochemical- and immunohistochemical techniques. Results Our results show that sustained activation of macro- and microglia, characterized by no detectable cytokine release and limited expression of Gal-3, is not further inducing apoptosis additional to the axotomy-induced apoptosis in innermost nuclear layer. An elevated immune response was detected after LPS stimulation, as demonstrated primarily by release of immune mediators (i.e. interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6, KC/GRO (also known as CLCX1) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), increased numbers of microglia displaying morphologies of late activation stages as well as Gal-3 expression. This was accompanied with increased apoptosis in the two additional nuclear layers, and damage to retinal gross architecture. Conclusion We demonstrate that an immune response characterized by sustained and increased release of cytokines, along with an increase in Gal-3 expression, is accompanied by significant increased neurotoxicity in the explanted retina. Further investigations using the current setting may lead to increased understanding on the mechanisms involved in neuronal loss in retinal neurodegenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Maximilian Bauer
- Dept. of Biology, Sec. Functional Zoology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Dept. Clinical Sciences in Lund, Div. Ophthalmology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marina Castro Zalis
- Dept. Clinical Sciences in Lund, Div. Ophthalmology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hodan Abdshill
- Dept. Clinical Sciences in Lund, Div. Ophthalmology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Dept. Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Johansson
- Dept. of Biology, Sec. Functional Zoology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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79
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Nio-Kobayashi J. Tissue- and cell-specific localization of galectins, β-galactose-binding animal lectins, and their potential functions in health and disease. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:25-36. [PMID: 27590897 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen galectins, β-galactose-binding animal lectins, are known to be distributed throughout the body. We herein summarize current knowledge on the tissue- and cell-specific localization of galectins and their potential functions in health and disease. Galectin-3 is widely distributed in epithelia, including the simple columnar epithelium in the gut, stratified squamous epithelium in the gut and skin, and transitional epithelium and several regions in nephrons in the urinary tract. Galectin-2 and galectin-4/6 are gut-specific, while galectin-7 is found in the stratified squamous epithelium in the gut and skin. The reproductive tract mainly contains galectin-1 and galectin-3, and their expression markedly changes during the estrous/menstrual cycle. The galectin subtype expressed in the corpus luteum (CL) changes in association with luteal function. The CL of women and cows displays a "galectin switch" with coordinated changes in the major galectin subtype and its ligand glycoconjugate structure. Macrophages express galectin-3, which may be involved in phagocytotic activity. Lymphoid tissues contain galectin-3-positive macrophages, which are not always stained with the macrophage marker, F4/80. Subsets of neurons in the brain and dorsal root ganglion express galectin-1 and galectin-3, which may contribute to the regeneration of damaged axons, stem cell differentiation, and pain control. The subtype-specific contribution of galectins to implantation, fibrosis, and diabetes are also discussed. The function of galectins may differ depending on the tissues or cells in which they act. The ligand glycoconjugate structures mediated by glycosyltransferases including MGAT5, ST6GAL1, and C2GnT are important for revealing the functions of galectins in healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15-Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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80
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Hillis JM, Davies J, Mundim MV, Al-Dalahmah O, Szele FG. Cuprizone demyelination induces a unique inflammatory response in the subventricular zone. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:190. [PMID: 27550173 PMCID: PMC4994223 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cuprizone leads to demyelination of the corpus callosum (CC) and activates progenitor cells in the adjacent subventricular zone (SVZ), a stem cell niche which contributes to remyelination. The healthy SVZ contains semi-activated microglia and constitutively expresses the pro-inflammatory molecule galectin-3 (Gal-3) suggesting the niche uniquely regulates inflammation. Methods We studied the inflammatory response to cuprizone in the SVZ and CC in Gal-3 knockout mice using immunohistochemistry and with the in vitro neurosphere assay. Results Cuprizone caused loss of myelin basic protein (MBP) immunofluorescence in the CC suggesting demyelination. Cuprizone increased the density of CD45+/Iba1+ microglial cells and also increased Gal-3 expression in the CC. Surprisingly, the number of Gal-3+ and CD45+ cells decreased in the SVZ after cuprizone, suggesting inflammation was selectively reduced therein. Inflammation can regulate SVZ proliferation and indeed the number of phosphohistone H3+ (PHi3+) cells decreased in the SVZ but increased in the CC in both genotypes after cuprizone treatment. BrdU+ SVZ cell numbers also decreased in the SVZ after cuprizone, and this effect was significantly greater at 3 weeks in Gal-3−/− mice compared to WT, suggesting Gal-3 normally limits SVZ cell emigration following cuprizone treatment. Conclusions This study reveals a uniquely regulated inflammatory response in the SVZ and shows that Gal-3 participates in remyelination in the cuprizone model. This contrasts with more severe models of demyelination which induce SVZ inflammation and suggests the extent of demyelination affects the SVZ neurogenic response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0651-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hillis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Julie Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Mayara Vieira Mundim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
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81
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González GE, Rhaleb NE, D'Ambrosio MA, Nakagawa P, Liao TD, Peterson EL, Leung P, Dai X, Janic B, Liu YH, Yang XP, Carretero OA. Cardiac-deleterious role of galectin-3 in chronic angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1287-H1296. [PMID: 27496875 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00096.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the β-galactoside lectin family, has an important role in immune regulation. In hypertensive rats and heart failure patients, Gal-3 is considered a marker for an unfavorable prognosis. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of Gal-3 action in hypertension-induced target organ damage are unknown. We hypothesized that, in angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension, genetic deletion of Gal-3 prevents left ventricular (LV) adverse remodeling and LV dysfunction by reducing the innate immune responses and myocardial fibrosis. To induce hypertension, male C57BL/6J and Gal-3 knockout (KO) mice were infused with ANG II (3 μg·min-1·kg-1 sc) for 8 wk. We assessed: 1) systolic blood pressure by plethysmography, 2) LV function and remodeling by echocardiography, 3) myocardial fibrosis by histology, 4) cardiac CD68+ macrophage infiltration by histology, 5) ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression by Western blotting, 6) plasma cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 7) regulatory T (Treg) cells by flow cytometry as detected by their combined expression of CD4, CD25, and FOXP3. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy increased similarly in both mouse strains when infused with ANG II. However, hypertensive C57BL/6J mice suffered impaired ejection and shortening fractions. In these mice, the extent of myocardial fibrosis and macrophage infiltration was greater in histological sections, and cardiac ICAM-1, as well as plasma IL-6, expression was higher as assessed by Western blotting. However, all these parameters were blunted in Gal-3 KO mice. Hypertensive Gal-3 KO mice also had a higher number of splenic Treg lymphocytes. In conclusion, in ANG II-induced hypertension, genetic deletion of Gal-3 prevented LV dysfunction without affecting blood pressure or LV hypertrophy. This study indicates that the ANG II effects are, in part, mediated or triggered by Gal-3 together with the related intercellular signaling (ICAM-1 and IL-6), leading to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán E González
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - N-E Rhaleb
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Martin A D'Ambrosio
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tang-Dong Liao
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Edward L Peterson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pablo Leung
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Xiangguo Dai
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Branislava Janic
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yun-He Liu
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Oscar A Carretero
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan;
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82
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Fermino ML, Dylon LSD, Cecílio NT, Santos SN, Toscano MA, Dias-Baruffi M, Roque-Barreira MC, Rabinovich GA, Bernardes ES. Lack of galectin-3 increases Jagged1/Notch activation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and promotes dysregulation of T helper cell polarization. Mol Immunol 2016; 76:22-34. [PMID: 27344022 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3, an endogenous glycan-binding protein, is abundantly expressed at sites of inflammation and immune cell activation. Although this lectin has been implicated in the control of T helper (Th) polarization, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of endogenous galectin-3 during the course of experimental Leishmania major infection using galectin-3-deficient (Lgals3(-/-)) mice in a BALB/c background and the involvement of Notch signaling pathway in this process. Lgals3(-/-) mice displayed an augmented, although mixed Th1/Th2 responses compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Concomitantly, lymph node and footpad lesion cells from infected Lgals3(-/-) mice showed enhanced levels of Notch signaling components (Notch-1, Jagged1, Jagged2 and Notch target gene Hes-1). Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from uninfected Lgals3(-/-) mice also displayed increased expression of the Notch ligands Delta-like-4 and Jagged1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, activation of Notch signaling in BMDCs upon stimulation with Jagged1 was more pronounced in Lgals3(-/-) BMDCs compared to WT BMDCs; this condition resulted in increased production of IL-6 by Lgals3(-/-) BMDCs. Finally, addition of exogenous galectin-3 to Lgals3(-/-) BMDCs partially reverted the increased sensitivity to Jagged1 stimulation. Our results suggest that endogenous galectin-3 regulates Notch signaling activation in BMDCs and influences polarization of T helper responses, thus increasing susceptibility to L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise L Fermino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L Sebastian D Dylon
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nerry T Cecílio
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sofia N Santos
- Nuclear Energy Research Institute, Radiopharmacy Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta A Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria C Roque-Barreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Simovic Markovic B, Nikolic A, Gazdic M, Bojic S, Vucicevic L, Kosic M, Mitrovic S, Milosavljevic M, Besra G, Trajkovic V, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Galectin-3 Plays an Important Pro-inflammatory Role in the Induction Phase of Acute Colitis by Promoting Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Production of IL-1β in Macrophages. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:593-606. [PMID: 26786981 PMCID: PMC4957458 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Galectin-3 [Gal-3] is an endogenous lectin with a broad spectrum of immunoregulatory effects: it plays an important role in autoimmune/inflammatory and malignant diseases, but the precise role of Gal-3 in pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is still unknown. METHODS We used a model of dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced acute colitis. The role of Gal-3 in pathogenesis of this disease was tested by evaluating disease development in Gal-3 deficient mice and administration of Gal-3 inhibitor. Disease was monitored by clinical, histological, histochemical, and immunophenotypic investigations. Adoptive transfer was used to detect cellular events in pathogenesis. RESULTS Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3 significantly attenuate DSS-induced colitis. Gal-3 deletion suppresses production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic macrophages and favours their alternative activation, as well as significantly reducing activation of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 [NLRP3] inflammasome in macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from untreated Gal-3(-/-) mice and treated in vitro with bacterial lipopolysaccharide or DSS produce lower amounts of tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin beta [IL-1β] when compared with wild type [WT] cells. Genetic deletion of Gal-3 did not directly affect total neutrophils, inflammatory dendritic cells [DCs] or natural killer [NK] T cells. However, the total number of CD11c+ CD80+ DCs which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as TNF-α and IL-1β producing CD45+ CD11c- Ly6G+ neutrophils were significantly lower in colons of Gal-3(-/-) DSS-treated mice. Adoptive transfer of WT macrophages significantly enhanced the severity of disease in Gal-3(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 expression promotes acute DSS-induced colitis and plays an important pro-inflammatory role in the induction phase of colitis by promoting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and production of IL-1β in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Nikolic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Bojic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Vucicevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos Milosavljevic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gurdyal Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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84
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Deletion of Galectin-3 Enhances Xenobiotic Induced Murine Primary Biliary Cholangitis by Facilitating Apoptosis of BECs and Release of Autoantigens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23348. [PMID: 26996208 PMCID: PMC4800400 DOI: 10.1038/srep23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate binding lectin, with multiple roles in inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity including its antiapoptotic effect on epithelial cells. In particular, increased expression of Gal-3 in epithelial cells is protective from apoptosis. Based on the thesis that apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) is critical to the pathogenesis of Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), we have analyzed the role of Gal-3 in the murine model of autoimmune cholangitis. We took advantage of Gal-3 knockout mice and immunized them with a mimotope of the major mitochondrial autoantigen of PBC, 2-octynoic acid (2-OA) coupled to BSA (2OA-BSA) and evaluated the natural history of subsequent disease, compared to control wild-type mice, by measuring levels of antibodies to PDC-E2, immunohistology of liver, and expression of Gal-3. We report herein that deletion of Gal-3 significantly exacerbates autoimmune cholangitis in these mice. This is manifested by increased periportal infiltrations, bile duct damage, granulomas and fibrosis. Interestingly, the BECs of Gal-3 knockout mice had a higher response to apoptotic stimuli and there were more pro-inflammatory lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) in the livers of Gal-3 knockout mice. In conclusion, Gal-3 plays a protective role in the pathways that lead to the inflammatory destruction of biliary epithelial cells.
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85
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Hoyos HC, Marder M, Ulrich R, Gudi V, Stangel M, Rabinovich GA, Pasquini LA, Pasquini JM. The Role of Galectin-3: From Oligodendroglial Differentiation and Myelination to Demyelination and Remyelination Processes in a Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 949:311-332. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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86
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Noh S, Jin S, Park CO, Lee YS, Lee N, Lee J, Shin JU, Kim SH, Yun KN, Kim JY, Lee KH. Elevated Galectin-10 Expression of IL-22-Producing T Cells in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:328-31. [PMID: 26763457 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Noh
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute
| | - Yun Sun Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute
| | - Nara Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsoo Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute
| | - Seo Hyeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Na Yun
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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87
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Tsai HF, Wu CS, Chen YL, Liao HJ, Chyuan IT, Hsu PN. Galectin-3 suppresses mucosal inflammation and reduces disease severity in experimental colitis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:545-56. [PMID: 26631140 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family, expresses in many different immune cells and modulates broad biological functions including cell adhesion, cell activation, cell growth, apoptosis, and inflammation. However, the role of galectin-3 in mucosal immunity or inflammatory bowel diseases is still not clear. We demonstrate here that galectin-3 knockout mice have more severe disease activity in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, indicating that galectin-3 may protect from inflammation in DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, treating with galectin-3 reduced body weight loss, shortened colonic length, and ameliorated mucosal inflammation in mice having DSS-induced colitis. However, the protective effects of galectin-3 were eliminated by the administration of anti-CD25 mAb. In addition, primary T cells treated with galectin-3 ex vivo induced the expression of FOXP3, ICOS, and PD-1 with a Treg cell phenotype having a suppression function. Moreover, adoptive transfer of galectin-3-treated T cells reduced bowel inflammation and colitis in the T cell transfer colitis model. In conclusion, our results indicate that galectin-3 inhibited colonic mucosa inflammation and reduced disease severity by inducing regulatory T cells, suggesting that it is a potential therapeutic approach in inflammatory bowel disease. KEY MESSAGES Galectin-3 offers protection from inflammation in experimental colitis. Galectin-3 knockout mice have more severe disease activity in DSS-induced colitis. Adoptive transfer of galectin-3-treated T cells reduced bowel inflammation. Galectin-3 inhibited colonic mucosa inflammation by inducing regulatory T cells. Galectin-3 is a potential therapeutic approach in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Fang Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Rd., Sec. 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Jung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Rd., Sec. 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - I-Tsu Chyuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ning Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Rd., Sec. 1, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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88
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Wang X, Zhang S, Lin F, Chu W, Yue S. Elevated Galectin-3 Levels in the Serum of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2015; 30:729-32. [PMID: 23823143 PMCID: PMC10852776 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513495107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is characterized by a conserved sequence within the carbohydrate recognition domain. The effect of Gal-3 in AD is presently unknown. In this study, we found significantly increased Gal-3 serum levels in patients with AD compared to control participants (P=.017). There was no significant difference between patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls (P=.143) or between patients with AD and MCI (P=.688). The degree of cognitive impairment, as measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination score, was found to have a significant correlation with the Gal-3 serum levels in all patients and healthy controls. These data suggest that Gal-3 potentially plays a role in the neuropathogenesis of AD. The Gal-3 found in serum could be a potential candidate for a biomarker panel for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, People's Republic of China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Faliang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzheng Chu
- Department of Neurology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwei Yue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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89
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Re-wiring regulatory cell networks in immunity by galectin-glycan interactions. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3407-18. [PMID: 26352298 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Programs that control immune cell homeostasis are orchestrated through the coordinated action of a number of regulatory cell populations, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, alternatively-activated macrophages and tolerogenic dendritic cells. These regulatory cell populations can prevent harmful inflammation following completion of protective responses and thwart the development of autoimmune pathology. However, they also have a detrimental role in cancer by favoring escape from immune surveillance. One of the hallmarks of regulatory cells is their remarkable plasticity as they can be positively or negatively modulated by a plethora of cytokines, growth factors and co-stimulatory signals that tailor their differentiation, stability and survival. Here we focus on the emerging roles of galectins, a family of highly conserved glycan-binding proteins in regulating the fate and function of regulatory immune cell populations, both of lymphoid and myeloid origins. Given the broad distribution of circulating and tissue-specific galectins, understanding the relevance of lectin-glycan interactions in shaping regulatory cell compartments will contribute to the design of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating their function in a broad range of immunological disorders.
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90
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James RE, Hillis J, Adorján I, Gration B, Mundim MV, Iqbal AJ, Majumdar MM, Yates RL, Richards MMH, Goings GE, DeLuca GC, Greaves DR, Miller SD, Szele FG. Loss of galectin-3 decreases the number of immune cells in the subventricular zone and restores proliferation in a viral model of multiple sclerosis. Glia 2015; 64:105-21. [PMID: 26337870 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently starts near the lateral ventricles, which are lined by subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor cells that can migrate to lesions and contribute to repair. Because MS-induced inflammation may decrease SVZ proliferation and thus limit repair, we studied the role of galectin-3 (Gal-3), a proinflammatory protein. Gal-3 expression was increased in periventricular regions of human MS in post-mortem brain samples and was also upregulated in periventricular regions in a murine MS model, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection. Whereas TMEV increased SVZ chemokine (CCL2, CCL5, CCL, and CXCL10) expression in wild type (WT) mice, this was inhibited in Gal-3(-/-) mice. Though numerous CD45+ immune cells entered the SVZ of WT mice after TMEV infection, their numbers were significantly diminished in Gal-3(-/-) mice. TMEV also reduced neuroblast and proliferative SVZ cell numbers in WT mice but this was restored in Gal-3(-/-) mice and was correlated with increased numbers of doublecortin+ neuroblasts in the corpus callosum. In summary, our data showed that loss of Gal-3 blocked chemokine increases after TMEV, reduced immune cell migration into the SVZ, reestablished SVZ proliferation and increased the number of progenitors in the corpus callosum. These results suggest Gal-3 plays a central role in modulating the SVZ neurogenic niche's response to this model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E James
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - James Hillis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - István Adorján
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - Betty Gration
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - Mayara V Mundim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - Moon-Moon Majumdar
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L Yates
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - Maureen M H Richards
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gwendolyn E Goings
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - David R Greaves
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HS, United Kingdom
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91
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Franco PG, Pasquini LA, Pérez MJ, Rosato-Siri MV, Silvestroff L, Pasquini JM. Paving the way for adequate myelination: The contribution of galectin-3, transferrin and iron. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3388-95. [PMID: 26296311 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering the worldwide incidence of well characterized demyelinating disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the increasing number of pathologies recently found to involve hypomyelinating factors such as micronutrient deficits, elucidating the molecular basis of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination, remyelination and hypomyelination becomes essential to the development of future neuroregenerative therapies. In this context, this review discusses novel findings on the contribution of galectin-3 (Gal-3), transferrin (Tf) and iron to the processes of myelination and remyelination and their potentially positive regulation of oligodendroglial precursor cell (OPC) differentiation. Studies were conducted in cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination and iron deficiency (ID)-induced hypomyelination, and the participation of glial and neural stem cells (NSC) in the remyelination process was evaluated by means of both in vivo and in vitro assays on primary cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G Franco
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIFIB-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura A Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIFIB-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Pérez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIFIB-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Rosato-Siri
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIFIB-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Silvestroff
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIFIB-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juana M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, IQUIFIB-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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92
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Lack of galectin-3 improves the functional outcome and tissue sparing by modulating inflammatory response after a compressive spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:390-400. [PMID: 26183316 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic event that results in motor, sensitive or autonomic function disturbances, which have direct impact on the life quality of the affected individual. Recent studies have shown that attenuation of the inflammatory response after SCI plays a key role in the reestablishment of motor function. Galectin-3 is a pleiotropic molecule belonging to the carbohydrate-ligand lectin family, which is expressed by different cells in different tissues. Studies have shown that galectin-3 induces the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes and microglia. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the lack of galectin-3 on the functional outcome, cellular recruitment and morphological changes in tissue, after SCI. C57BL/6 wild-type and galectin-3 knockout mice were used in this study. A vascular clip was used for 1 min to generate a compressive SCI. By BMS we detected that the Gal-3(-/-) presented a better functional outcome during the studied period. This finding is related to a decrease in the injury length and a higher volume of spared white matter at 7 and 42 days post injury (dpi). Moreover, Gal-3(-/-) mice showed a higher number of spared fibers at 28 dpi. Because of the importance of the inflammatory response after SCI and the role that galectin-3 plays in it, we investigated possible differences in the inflammatory response between the analyzed groups. No differences in neutrophils were observed 24h after injury. However, at 3 dpi, the Gal-3(-/-) mice showed more neutrophils infiltrated into the spinal tissue when compared with the WT mice. At this same time point, no differences in the percentage of the CD11b/Arginase1 positive cells were observed. Remarkably, Gal-3(-/-) mice displayed a decrease in CD11b staining at 7 dpi, compared with the WT mice. At the same time, Gal-3(-/-) mice presented a more prominent Arginase1 stained area, suggesting an anti-inflammatory cell phenotype. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the lack of galectin-3 plays a key role in the inflammatory process triggered by SCI, leading to better and early recovery of locomotor function.
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93
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de Oliveira FL, Gatto M, Bassi N, Luisetto R, Ghirardello A, Punzi L, Doria A. Galectin-3 in autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1019-28. [PMID: 26142116 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215593826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin, which regulates cell-cell and extracellular interactions during self/non-self-antigen recognition and cellular activation, proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. It plays a significant role in cellular and tissue pathophysiology by organizing niches that drive inflammation and immune responses. Gal-3 has some therapeutic potential in several diseases, including chronic inflammatory disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Gal-3 exerts a broad spectrum of functions which differs according to its intra- or extracellular localization. Recombinant gal-3 strategy has been used to identify potential mode of action of gal-3; however, exogenous gal-3 may not reproduce the functions of the endogenous gal-3. Notably, gal-3 induces monocyte-macrophage differentiation, interferes with dendritic cell fate decision, regulates apoptosis on T lymphocytes and inhibits B-lymphocyte differentiation into immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells. Considering the influence of these cell populations in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, gal-3 seems to play a role in development of autoimmunity. Gal-3 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in patients affected with some autoimmune disorders. However, the precise role of gal-3 in driving the inflammatory process in autoimmune or immune-mediated disorders remains elusive. Here, we reviewed the involvement of gal-3 in cellular and tissue events during autoimmune and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe L de Oliveira
- Coimbra Group Fellowship for Latin American Professors, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-902, Brazil Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Nicola Bassi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
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94
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Galectin-8 Ameliorates Murine Autoimmune Ocular Pathology and Promotes a Regulatory T Cell Response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130772. [PMID: 26126176 PMCID: PMC4488339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins have emerged as potent immunoregulatory agents that control chronic inflammation through distinct mechanisms. Here, we report that treatment with Galectin-8 (Gal-8), a tandem-repeat member of the galectin family, reduces retinal pathology and prevents photoreceptor cell damage in a murine model of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Gal-8 treatment increased the number of regulatory T cells (Treg) in both the draining lymph node (dLN) and the inflamed retina. Moreover, a greater percentage of Treg cells in the dLN and retina of Gal-8 treated animals expressed the inhibitory coreceptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4, the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, and the tissue-homing integrin CD103. Treg cells in the retina of Gal-8-treated mice were primarily inducible Treg cells that lack the expression of neuropilin-1. In addition, Gal-8 treatment blunted production of inflammatory cytokines by retinal T helper type (TH) 1 and TH17 cells. The effect of Gal-8 on T cell differentiation and/or function was specific for tissues undergoing an active immune response, as Gal-8 treatment had no effect on T cell populations in the spleen. Given the need for rational therapies for managing human uveitis, Gal-8 emerges as an attractive therapeutic candidate not only for treating retinal autoimmune diseases, but also for other TH1- and TH17-mediated inflammatory disorders.
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Abstract
Galectins are a family of widely expressed β-galactoside-binding lectins in metazoans. The 15 mammalian galectins have either one or two conserved carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), with galectin-3 being able to pentamerize; they form complexes that crosslink glycosylated ligands to form a dynamic lattice. The galectin lattice regulates the diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids. The galectin lattice also regulates the selection, activation and arrest of T cells, receptor kinase signaling and the functionality of membrane receptors, including the glucagon receptor, glucose and amino acid transporters, cadherins and integrins. The affinity of transmembrane glycoproteins to the galectin lattice is proportional to the number and branching of their N-glycans; with branching being mediated by Golgi N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-branching enzymes and the supply of UDP-GlcNAc through metabolite flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. The relative affinities of glycoproteins for the galectin lattice depend on the activities of the Golgi enzymes that generate the epitopes of their ligands and, thus, provide a means to analyze biological function of lectins and of the 'glycome' more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Jay Shankar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - James W Dennis
- Department of Medical Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5
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96
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Restuccia A, Tian YF, Collier JH, Hudalla GA. Self-assembled glycopeptide nanofibers as modulators of galectin-1 bioactivity. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 8:471-487. [PMID: 26495044 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that act as extracellular signaling molecules in various normal and pathological processes. Galectin bioactivity is mediated by specific non-covalent interactions with cell-surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, which can enhance or inhibit signaling events that influence various cellular behaviors, including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, we developed a materials approach to modulate galectin bioactivity by mimicking natural galectin-glycoprotein interactions. Specifically, we created a variant of a peptide that self-assembles into β-sheet nanofibers under aqueous conditions, QQKFQFQFEQQ (Q11), which has an asparagine residue modified with the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at its N-terminus (GlcNAc-Q11). GlcNAc-Q11 self-assembled into β-sheet nanofibers under similar conditions as Q11. Nanofibrillar GlcNAc moieties were efficiently converted to the galectin-binding disaccharide N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) via the enzyme β-1,4-galactosyltransferase and the sugar donor UDP-galactose, while retaining β-sheet structure and nanofiber morphology. LacNAc-Q11 nanofibers bound galectin-1 and -3 in a LacNAc concentration-dependent manner, although nanofibers bound galectin-1 with higher affinity than galectin-3. In contrast, galectin-1 bound weakly to GlcNAc-Q11 nanofibers, while no galectin-3 binding to these nanofibers was observed. Galectin-1 binding to LacNAc-Q11 nanofibers was specific because it could be inhibited by excess soluble β-lactose, a galectin-binding carbohydrate. LacNAc-Q11 nanofibers inhibited galectin-1-mediated apoptosis of Jurkat T cells in a LacNAc concentration-dependent manner, but were unable to inhibit galectin-3 activity, consistent with galectin-binding affinity of the nanofibers. We envision that glycopeptide nanofibers capable of modulating galectin-1 bioactivity will be broadly useful as biomaterials for various medical applications, including cancer therapeutics, immunotherapy, tissue regeneration, and viral prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye F Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology
| | | | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering. ; Department of Surgery, University of Chicago
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97
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Uluca Ü, Şen V, Ece A, Tan İ, Karabel D, Aktar F, Karabel M, Balık H, Güneş A. Serum galectin-3 levels in children with chronic hepatitis B infection and inactive hepatitis B carriers. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1376-80. [PMID: 25968249 PMCID: PMC4548702 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is common worldwide. Follow-up of patients by the use of non-invasive techniques may be valuable in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate serum galectin-3 (GAL-3) levels for monitoring disease status in children with chronic HBV infection. MATERIAL/METHODS Thirty-two patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 30 inactive HBV carrier patients, and 30 matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. We performed basic laboratory tests: serum glucose, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. In addition, serum GAL-3 levels were measured by ELISA technique. RESULTS Significantly higher serum GAL-3 levels (16.5±3.6, 1.1±0.3, 0.7±0.5 ng/ml, respectively, p<0.001) and ALT levels (80.2±30.6, 26.8±12.6, 28.1±4.4 IU/L, respectively, p<0.001) were found in the CHB group compared with the inactive carriers and the control groups. There were no significant differences in ALT levels and GAL-3 levels or between inactive HBV carriers and the control groups (p>0.05, for each). Significantly higher GGT levels were found in the CHB group (51.3±27.5 IU/L) compared with the inactive HBV carriers (35.7±10.1 IU/L) and the control group (31.3±9.5 IU/L) (p<0.001, and p=0.004, respectively). A significant correlation was found between GAL-3 and ALT levels in the CHB group (r=0.82, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that serum GAL-3 level may be a beneficial indicator of chronicity in hepatitis B infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ünal Uluca
- Corresponding Author: Ünal Uluca, e-mail:
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98
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Thind SK, Taborda CP, Nosanchuk JD. Dendritic cell interactions with Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides. Virulence 2015; 6:424-32. [PMID: 25933034 DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014.965586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are among the most common microbes encountered by humans. More than 100, 000 fungal species have been described in the environment to date, however only a few species cause disease in humans. Fungal infections are of particular importance to immunocompromised hosts in whom disease is often more severe, especially in those with impaired cell-mediated immunity such as individuals with HIV infection, hematologic malignancies, or those receiving TNF-α inhibitors. Nevertheless, environmental disturbances through natural processes or as a consequence of deforestation or construction can expose immunologically competent people to a large number of fungal spores resulting in asymptomatic acquisition to life-threatening disease. In recent decades, the significance of the innate immune system and more importantly the role of dendritic cells (DC) have been found to play a fundamental role in the resolution of fungal infections, such as in dimorphic fungi like Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides. In this review article the general role of DCs will be illustrated as the bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as their specific interactions with these 2 dimorphic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanjeet K Thind
- a Department of Medicine [Division of Infectious Diseases]; SUNY Downstate Medical Center ; Brooklyn , NY , USA
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99
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Burguillos MA, Svensson M, Schulte T, Boza-Serrano A, Garcia-Quintanilla A, Kavanagh E, Santiago M, Viceconte N, Oliva-Martin MJ, Osman AM, Salomonsson E, Amar L, Persson A, Blomgren K, Achour A, Englund E, Leffler H, Venero JL, Joseph B, Deierborg T. Microglia-Secreted Galectin-3 Acts as a Toll-like Receptor 4 Ligand and Contributes to Microglial Activation. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1626-1638. [PMID: 25753426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response induced by microglia plays a critical role in the demise of neuronal populations in neuroinflammatory diseases. Although the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in microglia's inflammatory response is fully acknowledged, little is known about endogenous ligands that trigger TLR4 activation. Here, we report that galectin-3 (Gal3) released by microglia acts as an endogenous paracrine TLR4 ligand. Gal3-TLR4 interaction was further confirmed in a murine neuroinflammatory model (intranigral lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection) and in human stroke subjects. Depletion of Gal3 exerted neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects following global brain ischemia and in the neuroinflammatory LPS model. These results suggest that Gal3-dependent-TLR4 activation could contribute to sustained microglia activation, prolonging the inflammatory response in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Burguillos
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, R8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden; Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| | - Martina Svensson
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Tim Schulte
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Albert Garcia-Quintanilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Edel Kavanagh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, R8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Martiniano Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Nikenza Viceconte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Oliva-Martin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Osman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Q2:07, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Emma Salomonsson
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Solvegatan 23, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | - Lahouari Amar
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Annette Persson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Lund University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Q2:07, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Lund University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Solvegatan 23, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | - Jose Luis Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, R8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, Lund 221 84, Sweden
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Abstract
Galectins are an evolutionarily ancient family of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and are found in all animals. Although they were discovered over 30 years ago, ideas about their biological functions continue to evolve. Current evidence indicates that galectins, which are the only known GBPs that occur free in the cytoplasm and extracellularly, are involved in a variety of intracellular and extracellular pathways contributing to homeostasis, cellular turnover, cell adhesion, and immunity. Here we review evolving insights into galectin biology from a historical perspective and explore current evidence regarding biological roles of galectins.
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