51
|
Bian Y, Wei G, Song X, Yuan L, Chen H, Ni T, Lu D. Global downregulation of pigmentation-associated genes in human premature hair graying. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1155-1163. [PMID: 31316609 PMCID: PMC6601371 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature hair graying, or canities, is a complex multi-factorial process with negative effects on affected individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms of premature hair graying at the genetic level. A total of 5 unrelated Han Chinese individuals presenting with premature hair graying (25–40 years old, with >1% hair affected) were enrolled in the present study. RNA sequencing was performed to identify gene expression changes between the follicular cells of grey and black hair from the cohort. A total of 127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. These DEGs were overrepresented in categories associated with the pigmentation pathway, with a decreased expression of key genes responsible for melanin synthesis. Of note, the decreased expression of certain transcription factors and the increased expression of certain precursor microRNAs observed may explain for the downregulation of certain other DEGs, which were identified as their targets via Starbase v2 and Integrated Motif Activity Response Analysis. The DEGs were also enriched in terms associated with the nervous system, indicating that neural disturbances may also have certain roles in premature hair graying. Of note, five of the downregulated DEGs were associated with aging according to the JenAge Aging Factor Database. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first genome-wide survey of the gene expression profile associated with premature hair graying. Dysfunction of the melanin biosynthesis pathway is probably the direct cause of hair graying and the present results provide valuable clues for further functional and mechanistic investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Dashti HS, Jones SE, Wood AR, Lane JM, van Hees VT, Wang H, Rhodes JA, Song Y, Patel K, Anderson SG, Beaumont RN, Bechtold DA, Bowden J, Cade BE, Garaulet M, Kyle SD, Little MA, Loudon AS, Luik AI, Scheer FAJL, Spiegelhalder K, Tyrrell J, Gottlieb DJ, Tiemeier H, Ray DW, Purcell SM, Frayling TM, Redline S, Lawlor DA, Rutter MK, Weedon MN, Saxena R. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration supported by accelerometer-derived estimates. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1100. [PMID: 30846698 PMCID: PMC6405943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential state of decreased activity and alertness but molecular factors regulating sleep duration remain unknown. Through genome-wide association analysis in 446,118 adults of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, we identify 78 loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration (p < 5 × 10−8; 43 loci at p < 6 × 10−9). Replication is observed for PAX8, VRK2, and FBXL12/UBL5/PIN1 loci in the CHARGE study (n = 47,180; p < 6.3 × 10−4), and 55 signals show sign-concordant effects. The 78 loci further associate with accelerometer-derived sleep duration, daytime inactivity, sleep efficiency and number of sleep bouts in secondary analysis (n = 85,499). Loci are enriched for pathways including striatum and subpallium development, mechanosensory response, dopamine binding, synaptic neurotransmission and plasticity, among others. Genetic correlation indicates shared links with anthropometric, cognitive, metabolic, and psychiatric traits and two-sample Mendelian randomization highlights a bidirectional causal link with schizophrenia. This work provides insights into the genetic basis for inter-individual variation in sleep duration implicating multiple biological pathways. Sleep is essential for homeostasis and insufficient or excessive sleep are associated with adverse outcomes. Here, the authors perform GWAS for self-reported habitual sleep duration in adults, supported by accelerometer-derived measures, and identify genetic correlation with psychiatric and metabolic traits
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | | | - Heming Wang
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Rhodes
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Yanwei Song
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Northeastern University College of Science, 176 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02015, USA
| | - Krunal Patel
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Northeastern University College of Science, 176 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02015, USA
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Brian E Cade
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Max A Little
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, 02132, MA, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Deprtment of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Susan Redline
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA. .,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Satterfield BC, Stucky B, Landolt HP, Van Dongen HP. Unraveling the genetic underpinnings of sleep deprivation-induced impairments in human cognition. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 246:127-158. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
54
|
Kervezee L, Kosmadopoulos A, Boivin DB. Metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of shift work: The role of circadian disruption and sleep disturbances. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:396-412. [PMID: 30357975 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Shift work, defined as work occurring outside typical daytime working hours, is associated with an increased risk of various non-communicable diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Disruption of the internal circadian timing system and concomitant sleep disturbances is thought to play a critical role in the development of these health problems. Indeed, controlled laboratory studies have shown that short-term circadian misalignment and sleep restriction independently impair physiological processes, including insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, immune function, blood pressure and cardiac modulation by the autonomous nervous system. If allowed to persist, these acute effects may lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases in the long term. Here, we discuss the evidence for the contributions of circadian disruption and associated sleep disturbances to the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular health problems in shift workers. Improving the understanding of the physiological mechanisms affected by circadian misalignment and sleep disturbance will contribute to the development and implementation of strategies that prevent or mitigate the cardiometabolic impact of shift work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kervezee
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anastasi Kosmadopoulos
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diane B Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zhang L, Fu YH. The molecular genetics of human sleep. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:422-428. [PMID: 30144347 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for many years that genetic influences account for some of the individual differences in human sleep parameters, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. With major advances of molecular biology and the recognition of heritable sleep behaviors in humans over the past 30 years, a number of genetic variants have been identified to be associated with human sleep timing, duration and quality, both in healthy individuals and under pathological conditions. Some of these variants were further validated and characterized in animal models, shedding light on the mechanism of how these variants likely alter sleep in humans, which may provide new insights into developing more effective treatments to improve human sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Uyhelji HA, Kupfer DM, White VL, Jackson ML, Van Dongen HPA, Burian DM. Exploring gene expression biomarker candidates for neurobehavioral impairment from total sleep deprivation. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:341. [PMID: 29739334 PMCID: PMC5941663 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although sleep deprivation is associated with neurobehavioral impairment that may underlie significant risks to performance and safety, there is no reliable biomarker test to detect dangerous levels of impairment from sleep loss in humans. This study employs microarrays and bioinformatics analyses to explore candidate gene expression biomarkers associated with total sleep deprivation (TSD), and more specifically, the phenotype of neurobehavioral impairment from TSD. Healthy adult volunteers were recruited to a sleep laboratory for seven consecutive days (six nights). After two Baseline nights of 10 h time in bed, 11 subjects underwent an Experimental phase of 62 h of continuous wakefulness, followed by two Recovery nights of 10 h time in bed. Another six subjects underwent a well-rested Control condition of 10 h time in bed for all six nights. Blood was drawn for measuring gene expression on days two, four, and six at 4 h intervals from 08:00 to 20:00 h, corresponding to 12 timepoints across one Baseline, one Experimental, and one Recovery day. Results Altogether 212 genes changed expression in response to the TSD Treatment, with most genes exhibiting down-regulation during TSD. Also, 28 genes were associated with neurobehavioral impairment as measured by the Psychomotor Vigilance Test. The results support previous findings associating TSD with the immune response and ion signaling, and reveal novel candidate biomarkers such as the Speedy/RINGO family of cell cycle regulators. Conclusions This study serves as an important step toward understanding gene expression changes during sleep deprivation. In addition to exploring potential biomarkers for TSD, this report presents novel candidate biomarkers associated with lapses of attention during TSD. Although further work is required for biomarker validation, analysis of these genes may aid fundamental understanding of the impact of TSD on neurobehavioral performance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4664-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Uyhelji
- Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, 73169, USA.
| | - Doris M Kupfer
- Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, 73169, USA.
| | - Vicky L White
- Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, 73169, USA
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Sleep and Performance Research Center & Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210, USA.,Present address: School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center & Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210, USA
| | - Dennis M Burian
- Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, 73169, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Li G, Guo J, Shen BQ, Yadav DB, Sliwkowski MX, Crocker LM, Lacap JA, Phillips GDL. Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Trastuzumab Emtansine in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1441-1453. [PMID: 29695635 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 is overexpressed in approximately 20% of breast cancer, and its amplification is associated with reduced survival. Trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla, T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate that is comprised of trastuzumab covalently linked to the antimitotic agent DM1 through a stable linker, was designed to selectively deliver DM1 to HER2-overexpressing tumor cells. T-DM1 is approved for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer following progression on trastuzumab and a taxane. Despite the improvement in clinical outcome, many patients who initially respond to T-DM1 treatment eventually develop progressive disease. The mechanisms that contribute to T-DM1 resistance are not fully understood. To this end, we developed T-DM1-resistant in vitro models to examine the mechanisms of acquired T-DM1 resistance. We demonstrate that decreased HER2 and upregulation of MDR1 contribute to T-DM1 resistance in KPL-4 T-DM1-resistant cells. In contrast, both loss of SLC46A3 and PTEN deficiency play a role in conferring resistance in BT-474M1 T-DM1-resistant cells. Our data suggest that these two cell lines acquire resistance through distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that the KPL-4 T-DM1 resistance can be overcome by treatment with an inhibitor of MDR1, whereas a PI3K inhibitor can rescue PTEN loss-induced resistance in T-DM1-resistant BT-474M1 cells. Our results provide a rationale for developing therapeutic strategies to enhance T-DM1 clinical efficacy by combining T-DM1 and other inhibitors that target signaling transduction or resistance pathways. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1441-53. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangmin Li
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Daniela Bumbaca Yadav
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark X Sliwkowski
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Lisa M Crocker
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer A Lacap
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Gail D Lewis Phillips
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Tkachenko O, Dinges DF. Interindividual variability in neurobehavioral response to sleep loss: A comprehensive review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89:29-48. [PMID: 29563066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stable trait-like responding is well established for neurobehavioral performance measures across repeated exposures to total sleep deprivation and partial chronic sleep restriction. These observed phenotypes are task-dependent, suggesting that there are distinct cognitive profiles of responding with differential vulnerability to sleep loss within the same individual. Numerous factors have been investigated as potential markers of phenotypic vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss but none fully account for this phenomenon. Observed interindividual differences in performance during extended wakefulness may be driven by underlying deficits in the wake-promoting system resulting in greater performance instability due to failure to counteract increased homeostatic pressure. Further work would benefit from a systems approach to the study of interindividual vulnerability in which behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic data are integrated in a larger framework delineating the relationships between genes, proteins, neurobiology, and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tkachenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 425 S. University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - David F Dinges
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Adequate sleep is essential for physical and mental health. We previously identified a missense mutation in the human DEC2 gene (BHLHE41) leading to the familial natural short sleep behavioral trait. DEC2 is a transcription factor regulating the circadian clock in mammals, although its role in sleep regulation has been unclear. Here we report that prepro-orexin, also known as hypocretin (Hcrt), gene expression is increased in the mouse model expressing the mutant hDEC2 transgene (hDEC2-P384R). Prepro-orexin encodes a precursor protein of a neuropeptide producing orexin A and B (hcrt1 and hcrt2), which is enriched in the hypothalamus and regulates maintenance of arousal. In cell culture, DEC2 suppressed prepro-orexin promoter-luc (ore-luc) expression through cis-acting E-box elements. The mutant DEC2 has less repressor activity than WT-DEC2, resulting in increased orexin expression. DEC2-binding affinity for the prepro-orexin gene promoter is decreased by the P384R mutation, likely due to weakened interaction with other transcription factors. In vivo, the decreased immobility time of the mutant transgenic mice is attenuated by an orexin receptor antagonist. Our results suggested that DEC2 regulates sleep/wake duration, at least in part, by modulating the neuropeptide hormone orexin.
Collapse
|
60
|
Blum ID, Bell B, Wu MN. Time for Bed: Genetic Mechanisms Mediating the Circadian Regulation of Sleep. Trends Genet 2018; 34:379-388. [PMID: 29395381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved behavior that is increasingly recognized as important for human health. While its precise function remains controversial, sleep has been suggested to play a key role in a variety of biological phenomena ranging from synaptic plasticity to metabolic clearance. Although it is clear that sleep is regulated by the circadian clock, how this occurs remains enigmatic. Here we examine the genetic mechanisms by which the circadian clock regulates sleep, drawing on recent work in fruit flies, zebrafish, mice, and humans. These studies reveal that central and local clocks utilize diverse mechanisms to regulate different aspects of sleep, and a better understanding of this multilayered regulation may lead to a better understanding of the functions of sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Blum
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin Bell
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Iverson A, Stanberry L, Garberich R, Antos A, Sandoval Y, Burke MN, Chavez I, Gössl M, Henry TD, Lips D, Mooney M, Poulose A, Sorajja P, Traverse J, Wang Y, Bradley S, Brilakis ES. Impact of sleep deprivation on the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 92:1118-1125. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Iverson
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Larissa Stanberry
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Ross Garberich
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Amber Antos
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Yader Sandoval
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - M. Nicholas Burke
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Ivan Chavez
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Mario Gössl
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Timothy D. Henry
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles California
| | - Daniel Lips
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Michael Mooney
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Anil Poulose
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Paul Sorajja
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Jay Traverse
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Yale Wang
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Steven Bradley
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Emmanouil S. Brilakis
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital; Minneapolis Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Chong SYC, Xin L, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Disorders of sleep and circadian rhythms. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 148:531-538. [PMID: 29478598 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is fundamental to the survival of humans. However, knowledge regarding the role of sleep and its regulation is poorly understood. Genetics in flies, mice, and humans has led to a detailed understanding of some aspects of circadian regulation. Sleep homeostasis (the effect of increasing periods of wakefulness on our sleep propensity) is largely not understood. Sleep homeostasis is distinct from, but also linked to, the circadian clock. It is only in the last two decades that our understanding of some sleep disorders has been revealed. These breakthroughs were mostly fueled by intensive investigation using genetic tools. Although modern human genetics has revolutionized scientific research of neurologic disorders beginning ~35 years ago, studies of sleep and sleep disorders have lagged behind those of many neurologic diseases. This is due to the complexity in phenotyping behaviors like sleep and the fact that sleep is strongly influenced by environmental and other factors. We have long been aware that the amount of sleep required by individuals is normally distributed in the general population with small proportions of people being natural short or natural long sleepers. However, it has been less than a decade since Mendelian families of natural short sleepers have been recognized. Recent work has made significant advances and mechanistic insights of several sleep disorders as well as familial natural short sleepers by using ever-improving human genetic and cellular molecular tools. Given recent advances into genetic and biologic understanding of sleep, the hope of understanding this indispensable process is closer. Ultimately, our growing understanding will lead to more effective treatments of human sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Christin Chong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lijuan Xin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Thomas RJ, Wood C, Bianchi MT. Cardiopulmonary coupling spectrogram as an ambulatory clinical biomarker of sleep stability and quality in health, sleep apnea, and insomnia. Sleep 2017; 41:4718136. [PMID: 29237080 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Ambulatory tracking of sleep and sleep pathology is rapidly increasing with the introduction of wearable devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate a wearable device which used novel computational analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG), collected over multiple nights, as a method to track the dynamics of sleep quality in health and disease. METHODS This study used the ECG as a primary signal, a wearable device, the M1, and an analysis of cardiopulmonary coupling to estimate sleep quality. The M1 measures trunk movements, the ECG, body position, and snoring vibrations. Data from three groups of patients were analyzed: healthy participants and people with sleep apnea and insomnia, obtained from multiple nights of recording. Analysis focused on summary measures and night-to-night variability, specifically the intraclass coefficient. RESULTS Data were collected from 10 healthy participants, 18 people with positive pressure-treated sleep apnea, and 20 people with insomnia, 128, 65, and 121 nights, respectively. In any participant, all nights were consecutive. High-frequency coupling (HFC), the signal biomarker of stable breathing and stable sleep, showed high intraclass coefficients (ICCs) in healthy participants and people with sleep apnea (0.83, 0.89), but only 0.66 in people with insomnia. The only statistically significant difference between weekday and weekend in healthy subjects was HFC duration: 242.8 ± 53.8 vs. 275.8 ± 57.1 minutes (89 vs. 39 total nights), F(1,126) = 9.86, p = .002. CONCLUSIONS The M1 and similar wearable devices provide new opportunities to measure sleep in dynamic ways not possible before. These measurements can yield new biological insights and aid clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Joseph Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher Wood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Matt Travis Bianchi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
|
65
|
Francey LJ, Hogenesch JB. It's not all in the brain. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28850329 PMCID: PMC5576482 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A clock gene expressed in skeletal muscle plays a bigger role in regulating sleep than it does in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Francey
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Cente, Cincinnati, United States
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Cente, Cincinnati, United States
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Veatch OJ, Keenan BT, Gehrman PR, Malow BA, Pack AI. Pleiotropic genetic effects influencing sleep and neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:158-170. [PMID: 28102151 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Research evidence increasingly points to the large impact of sleep disturbances on public health. Many aspects of sleep are heritable and genes influencing traits such as timing, EEG characteristics, sleep duration, and response to sleep loss have been identified. Notably, large-scale genome-wide analyses have implicated numerous genes with small effects on sleep timing. Additionally, there has been considerable progress in the identification of genes influencing risk for some neurological sleep disorders. For restless legs syndrome, implicated variants are typically in genes associated with neuronal development. By contrast, genes conferring risk for narcolepsy function in the immune system. Many genetic variants associated with sleep disorders are also implicated in neurological disorders in which sleep abnormalities are common; for example, variation in genes involved in synaptic homoeostasis are implicated in autism spectrum disorder and sleep-wake control. Further investigation into pleiotropic roles of genes influencing both sleep and neurological disorders could lead to new treatment strategies for a variety of sleep disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Veatch
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Brendan T Keenan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beth A Malow
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Gerstner JR, Perron IJ, Riedy SM, Yoshikawa T, Kadotani H, Owada Y, Van Dongen HPA, Galante RJ, Dickinson K, Yin JCP, Pack AI, Frank MG. Normal sleep requires the astrocyte brain-type fatty acid binding protein FABP7. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602663. [PMID: 28435883 PMCID: PMC5381954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is found widely in the animal kingdom. Despite this, few conserved molecular pathways that govern sleep across phyla have been described. The mammalian brain-type fatty acid binding protein (Fabp7) is expressed in astrocytes, and its mRNA oscillates in tandem with the sleep-wake cycle. However, the role of FABP7 in regulating sleep remains poorly understood. We found that the missense mutation FABP7.T61M is associated with fragmented sleep in humans. This phenotype was recapitulated in mice and fruitflies bearing similar mutations: Fabp7-deficient mice and transgenic flies that express the FABP7.T61M missense mutation in astrocytes also show fragmented sleep. These results provide novel evidence for a distinct molecular pathway linking lipid-signaling cascades within astrocytes in sleep regulation among phylogenetically disparate species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Isaac J. Perron
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samantha M. Riedy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadotani
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu City, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hans P. A. Van Dongen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Raymond J. Galante
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kaitlin Dickinson
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jerry C. P. Yin
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Allan I. Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcos G. Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Human genetics and sleep behavior. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:43-49. [PMID: 28325617 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Why we sleep remains one of the greatest mysteries in science. In the past few years, great advances have been made to better understand this phenomenon. Human genetics has contributed significantly to this movement, as many features of sleep have been found to be heritable. Discoveries about these genetic variations that affect human sleep will aid us in understanding the underlying mechanism of sleep. Here we summarize recent discoveries about the genetic variations affecting the timing of sleep, duration of sleep and EEG patterns. To conclude, we also discuss some of the sleep-related neurological disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the potential challenges and future directions of human genetics in sleep research.
Collapse
|
69
|
Srdanović S, Þorsteinsson H, Friðriksson Þ, Pétursson SÓ, Maier VH, Karlsson KÆ. Transient knock-down of kcna2 reduces sleep in larval zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:13-21. [PMID: 28223099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the current study we set out to determine the effects of morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) knock-down of kcna2 on sleep-wake cycles in zebrafish. The results were compared to a non-overlapping MO injection, Dec2, who's mutant is also linked with a short sleep phenotype. Four groups of fish were used in the experiment: naïve fish, and fish injected with either control, kcna2, or Dec2 MO. All groups underwent 24-h behavioral monitoring of sleep-wake cycles at four and seven days-post-fertilization (dpf). First, we established an immobility dependent, sleep related, increase in arousal thresholds at both 4 and 7 dpf. Secondly, we show that kcna2 MO injected fish exhibit significantly less sleep behavior than controls and naïve fish, whereas Dec2 MO injections had similar but less severe effects. Finally, using kcna2 MO injected fish only, we turn to local field recordings at the level of the telencephalon and tectum opticum and rule out that the knock-down resulted in a non-specific increase in neural excitability that would mask sleep behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Þ Friðriksson
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Læknagarður, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Ó Pétursson
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Læknagarður, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - V H Maier
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Læknagarður, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - K Æ Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Kalmbach DA, Schneider LD, Cheung J, Bertrand SJ, Kariharan T, Pack AI, Gehrman PR. Genetic Basis of Chronotype in Humans: Insights From Three Landmark GWAS. Sleep 2017; 40:2662182. [PMID: 28364486 PMCID: PMC6084759 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Chronotype, or diurnal preference, refers to behavioral manifestations of the endogenous circadian system that governs preferred timing of sleep and wake. As variations in circadian timing and system perturbations are linked to disease development, the fundamental biology of chronotype has received attention for its role in the regulation and dysregulation of sleep and related illnesses. Family studies indicate that chronotype is a heritable trait, thus directing attention toward its genetic basis. Although discoveries from molecular studies of candidate genes have shed light onto its genetic architecture, the contribution of genetic variation to chronotype has remained unclear with few related variants identified. In the advent of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), scientists now have the ability to discover novel common genetic variants associated with complex phenotypes. Three recent large-scale GWASs of chronotype were conducted on subjects of European ancestry from the 23andMe cohort and the UK Biobank. This review discusses the findings of these landmark GWASs in the context of prior research. Methods We systematically reviewed and compared methodological and analytical approaches and results across the three GWASs of chronotype. Results A good deal of consistency was observed across studies with 9 genes identified in 2 of the 3 GWASs. Several genes previously unknown to influence chronotype were identified. Conclusions GWAS is an important tool in identifying common variants associated with the complex chronotype phenotype, the findings of which can supplement and guide molecular science. Future directions in model systems and discovery of rare variants are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Kalmbach
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Logan D Schneider
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94063
| | - Joseph Cheung
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94063
| | - Sarah J Bertrand
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Thiruchelvam Kariharan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Allan I Pack
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Potter GDM, Skene DJ, Arendt J, Cade JE, Grant PJ, Hardie LJ. Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Disruption: Causes, Metabolic Consequences, and Countermeasures. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:584-608. [PMID: 27763782 PMCID: PMC5142605 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian (∼24-hour) timing systems pervade all kingdoms of life and temporally optimize behavior and physiology in humans. Relatively recent changes to our environments, such as the introduction of artificial lighting, can disorganize the circadian system, from the level of the molecular clocks that regulate the timing of cellular activities to the level of synchronization between our daily cycles of behavior and the solar day. Sleep/wake cycles are intertwined with the circadian system, and global trends indicate that these, too, are increasingly subject to disruption. A large proportion of the world's population is at increased risk of environmentally driven circadian rhythm and sleep disruption, and a minority of individuals are also genetically predisposed to circadian misalignment and sleep disorders. The consequences of disruption to the circadian system and sleep are profound and include myriad metabolic ramifications, some of which may be compounded by adverse effects on dietary choices. If not addressed, the deleterious effects of such disruption will continue to cause widespread health problems; therefore, implementation of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions that can help restore circadian system alignment and enhance sleep will be important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D M Potter
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Debra J Skene
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Arendt
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E Cade
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Grant
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Schneider N, Mutungi G, Cubero J. Diet and nutrients in the modulation of infant sleep: A review of the literature. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:151-161. [PMID: 27868947 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1258446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The establishment of organized sleep patterns is an important developmental process during infancy. Little is known about the role of nutrition in sleep maturation. This review focuses on exploring the link between infant sleep and nutrition with the aim to provide an overview of existing literature on the impact of diet and specific nutrients on sleep modulation in infants. METHODS An exploratory literature search was performed on the topic in Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases, with a focus on publications in English. RESULTS Both the type of nutrients consumed and the timing at which they were consumed, relative to sleeping time, have been reported to influence infant sleep. Some nutrients have been shown to naturally fluctuate in maternal breast milk with circadian rhythm, and nutrients such as tryptophan, nucleotides, essential fatty acids and Omega-3 long-chain fatty acids have been suggested to impact infant sleep. DISCUSSION In summary, little is known about the nutritional impact on infant sleep and sleep maturation, particularly with regard to specific nutrients. While nutrients like tryptophan and nucleotides seem to impact sleep at the level of brain activity, some fatty acids may affect sleep as a result of their role in supporting the maturity of the central nervous system. In our view, the existing literature indicates that the link between nutrition and infant sleep may be a promising concept to support this crucial phase of early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schneider
- a Nestec Ltd, Nestlé Research Center , Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Javier Cubero
- c Health Education Lab, Experimental Science Education Area , University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Kong Y, Wang Z, Jia Y, Li P, Hao S, Wang Y. Effects of mutants in bHLH region on structure stability and protein-DNA binding energy in DECs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1849-1862. [PMID: 27499354 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1196463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kong
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhang Qiu People Hospital, No. 1920 Huiquan Road, Zhangqiu 250200, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Hao
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Sawle AD, Kebschull M, Demmer RT, Papapanou PN. Identification of Master Regulator Genes in Human Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1010-7. [PMID: 27302879 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516653588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Analytic approaches confined to fold-change comparisons of gene expression patterns between states of health and disease are unable to distinguish between primary causal disease drivers and secondary noncausal events. Genome-wide reverse engineering approaches can facilitate the identification of candidate genes that may distinguish between causal and associative interactions and may account for the emergence or maintenance of pathologic phenotypes. In this work, we used the algorithm for the reconstruction of accurate cellular networks (ARACNE) to analyze a large gene expression profile data set (313 gingival tissue samples from a cross-sectional study of 120 periodontitis patients) obtained from clinically healthy (n = 70) or periodontitis-affected (n = 243) gingival sites. The generated transcriptional regulatory network of the gingival interactome was subsequently interrogated with the master regulator inference algorithm (MARINA) and gene expression signature data from healthy and periodontitis-affected gingiva. Our analyses identified 41 consensus master regulator genes (MRs), the regulons of which comprised between 25 and 833 genes. Regulons of 7 MRs (HCLS1, ZNF823, XBP1, ZNF750, RORA, TFAP2C, and ZNF57) included >500 genes each. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated differential expression of these regulons in gingival health versus disease with a type 1 error between 2% and 0.5% and with >80% of the regulon genes in the leading edge. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of 36 regulons for several pathways, while 6 regulons (those of MRs HCLS1, IKZF3, ETS1, NHLH2, POU2F2, and VAV1) were enriched for >10 pathways. Pathways related to immune system signaling and development were the ones most frequently enriched across all regulons. The unbiased analysis of genome-wide regulatory networks can enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of human periodontitis and, after appropriate validation, ultimately identify target molecules of diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Sawle
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Kebschull
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R T Demmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
In elite soccer, players are frequently exposed to various situations and conditions that can interfere with sleep, potentially leading to sleep deprivation. This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the current available literature regarding the potential acute and chronic stressors (i.e., psychological, sociological and physiological stressors) placed on elite soccer players that may result in compromised sleep quantity and/or quality. Sleep is an essential part of the recovery process as it provides a number of important psychological and physiological functions. The effects of sleep disturbance on post-soccer match fatigue mechanisms and recovery time course are also described. Physiological and cognitive changes that occur when competing at night are often not conducive to sleep induction. Although the influence of high-intensity exercise performed during the night on subsequent sleep is still debated, environmental conditions (e.g., bright light in the stadium, light emanated from the screens) and behaviours related to evening soccer matches (e.g., napping, caffeine consumption, alcohol consumption) as well as engagement and arousal induced by the match may all potentially affect subsequent sleep. Apart from night soccer matches, soccer players are subjected to inconsistency in match schedules, unique team schedules and travel fatigue that may also contribute to the sleep debt. Sleep deprivation may be detrimental to the outcome of the recovery process after a match, resulting in impaired muscle glycogen repletion, impaired muscle damage repair, alterations in cognitive function and an increase in mental fatigue. The role of sleep in recovery is a complex issue, reinforcing the need for future research to estimate the quantitative and qualitative importance of sleep and to identify influencing factors. Efficient and individualised solutions are likely needed.
Collapse
|
76
|
Abstract
Sleep disorders are, in part, attributable to genetic variability across individuals. There has been considerable progress in understanding the role of genes for some sleep disorders, such as the identification of a human leukocyte antigen gene for narcolepsy. For other sleep disorders, such as insomnia, little work has been done. Optimizing phenotyping strategies is critical, as is the case for sleep apnea, for which intermediate traits such as obesity and craniofacial features may prove to be more tractable for genetic studies. Rapid advances in genotyping and statistical genetics are likely to lead to greater discoveries in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 670, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Brendan T Keenan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 2100, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 2100, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA; Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Allan I Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 2100, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Price AMH, Quach J, Wake M, Bittman M, Hiscock H. Cross-sectional sleep thresholds for optimal health and well-being in Australian 4-9-year-olds. Sleep Med 2015; 22:83-90. [PMID: 26431757 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Using national Australian time-diary data, we aimed to empirically determine sleep duration thresholds beyond which children have poorer health, learning, quality of life, and weight status and parents have poorer mental health. METHODS DESIGN/SETTING Cross-sectional data from the first three waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. PARTICIPANTS A nationally representative sample of 4983 4-5-year-olds, recruited in 2004 from the Australian Medicare database and followed biennially; 3631 had analyzable sleep information and a concurrent measure of health and well-being for at least one wave. MAIN MEASURES EXPOSURE At each wave, a parent completed 24-h time-use diaries for one randomly selected weekday and one weekend day, including a "sleeping/napping" category. OUTCOMES Parent-reported child mental health, health-related quality of life, and maternal/paternal mental health; teacher-reported child language, literacy, mathematical thinking, and approach to learning; and assessed child body mass index and girth. RESULTS Linear regression analyses revealed weak, inconsistent relationships between sleep duration and outcomes at every wave. For example, children with versus without psychosocial health-related quality of life problems slept slightly less at 6-7 years (adjusted mean difference 0.12 h; 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.22, p = 0.03), but not at 4-5 (0.00; -0.10 to 0.11, p = 1.0) or 8-9 years (0.09; -0.02 to 0.22, p = 0.1). Empirical exploration using fractional polynomials demonstrated no clear thresholds for sleep duration and any adverse outcome at any wave. CONCLUSIONS Present guidelines in terms of children's short sleep duration appear misguided. Other parameters such as sleep timing may be more meaningful for understanding optimal child sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M H Price
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jon Quach
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Bittman
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Carnethon MR, De Chavez PJ, Zee PC, Kim KYA, Liu K, Goldberger JJ, Ng J, Knutson KL. Disparities in sleep characteristics by race/ethnicity in a population-based sample: Chicago Area Sleep Study. Sleep Med 2015; 18:50-5. [PMID: 26459680 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies report less favorable sleep characteristics among non-Whites as compared with non-Hispanic Whites. However, few population-based studies have used objective measures of sleep duration, especially in more than two racial/ethnic groups. We tested whether objectively estimated sleep duration and self-reported sleep quality varied by race and whether differences were at least partially explained by the variability in clinical, psychological, and behavioral covariates. METHODS Adults aged 35-64 years who self-identified as White, Black, Asian, or Hispanic were randomly sampled from Chicago, IL, and the surrounding suburbs. Our analytic sample included adults who had an apnea-hypopnea index <15 after one night of screening and who completed seven nights of wrist actigraphy for determination of sleep duration, sleep percentage, minutes of wake after sleep onset, and sleep fragmentation (n = 495). Daytime sleepiness was estimated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and sleep quality was estimated from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS Following statistical adjustment for age, gender, education, work schedule (ie, day vs. night shift), smoking status, depressive symptoms, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and diabetes, sleep duration (minutes) was significantly (all p < 0.01) shorter in Black (mean = 399.5), Hispanic (mean = 411.7), and Asian (mean = 409.6) participants than in White participants (mean = 447.4). All remaining sleep characteristics were significantly less favorable among Black participants as compared with White participants. Asian participants also reported significantly more daytime sleepiness than did White participants. CONCLUSIONS Differences in sleep characteristics by race/ethnicity are apparent in a sample of adults with a low probability of sleep apnea and following adjustment for known confounders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Peter John De Chavez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kwang-Youn A Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Goldberger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Ng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Impact of traumatic brain injury on sleep structure, electrocorticographic activity and transcriptome in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:118-30. [PMID: 25576803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mild TBI (mTBI), is importantly associated with vigilance and sleep complaints. Because sleep is required for learning, plasticity and recovery, we here evaluated the bidirectional relationship between mTBI and sleep with two specific objectives: (1) Test that mTBI rapidly impairs sleep-wake architecture and the dynamics of the electrophysiological marker of sleep homeostasis (i.e., non-rapid eye movement sleep delta (1-4Hz) activity); (2) evaluate the impact of sleep loss following mTBI on the expression of plasticity markers that have been linked to sleep homeostasis and on genome-wide gene expression. A closed-head injury model was used to perform a 48h electrocorticographic (ECoG) recording in mice submitted to mTBI or Sham surgery. mTBI was found to immediately decrease the capacity to sustain long bouts of wakefulness as well as the amplitude of the time course of ECoG delta activity during wakefulness. Significant changes in ECoG spectral activity during wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep were observed mainly on the second recorded day. A second experiment was performed to measure gene expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus after a mTBI followed either by two consecutive days of 6h sleep deprivation (SD) or of undisturbed behavior (quantitative PCR and next-generation sequencing). mTBI modified the expression of genes involved in immunity, inflammation and glial function (e.g., chemokines, glial markers) and SD changed that of genes linked to circadian rhythms, synaptic activity/neuronal plasticity, neuroprotection and cell death and survival. SD appeared to affect gene expression in the cerebral cortex more importantly after mTBI than Sham surgery including that of the astrocytic marker Gfap, which was proposed as a marker of clinical outcome after TBI. Interestingly, SD impacted the hippocampal expression of the plasticity elements Arc and EfnA3 only after mTBI. Overall, our findings reveal alterations in spectral signature across all vigilance states in the first days after mTBI, and show that sleep loss post-mTBI reprograms the transcriptome in a brain area-specific manner and in a way that could be deleterious to brain recovery.
Collapse
|
80
|
Satterfield BC, Wisor JP, Field SA, Schmidt MA, Van Dongen HPA. TNFα G308A polymorphism is associated with resilience to sleep deprivation-induced psychomotor vigilance performance impairment in healthy young adults. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:66-74. [PMID: 25542735 PMCID: PMC4467999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines such as TNFα play an integral role in sleep/wake regulation and have recently been hypothesized to be involved in cognitive impairment due to sleep deprivation. We examined the effect of a guanine to adenine substitution at position 308 in the TNFα gene (TNFα G308A) on psychomotor vigilance performance impairment during total sleep deprivation. A total of 88 healthy women and men (ages 22-40) participated in one of five laboratory total sleep deprivation experiments. Performance on a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was measured every 2-3h. The TNFα 308A allele, which is less common than the 308G allele, was associated with greater resilience to psychomotor vigilance performance impairment during total sleep deprivation (regardless of time of day), and also provided a small performance benefit at baseline. The effect of genotype on resilience persisted when controlling for between-subjects differences in age, gender, race/ethnicity, and baseline sleep duration. The TNFα G308A polymorphism predicted less than 10% of the overall between-subjects variance in performance impairment during sleep deprivation. Nonetheless, the differential effect of the polymorphism at the peak of performance impairment was more than 50% of median performance impairment at that time, which is sizeable compared to the effects of other genotypes reported in the literature. Our findings provided evidence for a role of TNFα in the effects of sleep deprivation on psychomotor vigilance performance. Furthermore, the TNFα G308A polymorphism may have predictive potential in a biomarker panel for the assessment of resilience to psychomotor vigilance performance impairment due to sleep deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brieann C Satterfield
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Wisor
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - Stephanie A Field
- Internal Medicine Residency, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle A Schmidt
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Duffy JF, Zitting KM, Czeisler CA. The Case for Addressing Operator Fatigue. REVIEW OF HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS 2015; 10:29-78. [PMID: 26056516 PMCID: PMC4457397 DOI: 10.1177/1557234x15573949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deficiency, which can be caused by acute sleep deprivation, chronic insufficient sleep, untreated sleep disorders, disruption of circadian timing, and other factors, is endemic in the U.S., including among professional and non-professional drivers and operators. Vigilance and attention are critical for safe transportation operations, but fatigue and sleepiness compromise vigilance and attention by slowing reaction times and impairing judgment and decision-making abilities. Research studies, polls, and accident investigations indicate that many Americans drive a motor vehicle or operate an aircraft, train or marine vessel while drowsy, putting themselves and others at risk for error and accident. In this chapter, we will outline some of the factors that contribute to sleepiness, present evidence from laboratory and field studies demonstrating how sleepiness impacts transportation safety, review how sleepiness is measured in laboratory and field settings, describe what is known about interventions for sleepiness in transportation settings, and summarize what we believe are important gaps in our knowledge of sleepiness and transportation safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Cedernaes J, Schiöth HB, Benedict C. Determinants of shortened, disrupted, and mistimed sleep and associated metabolic health consequences in healthy humans. Diabetes 2015; 64:1073-80. [PMID: 25805757 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent increases in the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in modern societies have been paralleled by reductions in the time their denizens spend asleep. Epidemiological studies have shown that disturbed sleep-comprising short, low-quality, and mistimed sleep-increases the risk of metabolic diseases, especially obesity and T2DM. Supporting a causal role of disturbed sleep, experimental animal and human studies have found that sleep loss can impair metabolic control and body weight regulation. Possible mechanisms for the observed changes comprise sleep loss-induced changes in appetite-signaling hormones (e.g., higher levels of the hunger-promoting hormone ghrelin) or hedonic brain responses, altered responses of peripheral tissues to metabolic signals, and changes in energy intake and expenditure. Even though the overall consensus is that sleep loss leads to metabolic perturbations promoting the development of obesity and T2DM, experimental evidence supporting the validity of this view has been inconsistent. This Perspective aims at discussing molecular to behavioral factors through which short, low-quality, and mistimed sleep may threaten metabolic public health. In this context, possible factors that may determine the extent to which poor sleep patterns increase the risk of metabolic pathologies within and across generations will be discussed (e.g., timing and genetics).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Warby SC, Mongrain V. Resisting sleep deprivation by breaking the link between sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep 2014; 37:1581-2. [PMID: 25197802 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Warby
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada and Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|