99951
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Mehta M, Patharkar J. Current Treatment Options Available for COVID-19 : A Review. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2020/25540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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99952
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Medel MLH, Reyes GG, Porras LM, Bernal AR, Luna JS, Garcia AP, Cordova J, Parra A, Mummidi S, Kershenobich D, Hernández J. Prolactin Induces IL-2 Associated TRAIL Expression on Natural Killer Cells from Chronic Hepatitis C Patients In vivo and In vitro. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:975-984. [PMID: 30520386 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181206125545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer cells (NKC) are a major component of the innate immune response to HCV, mediating their effects through TRAIL and IFN-γ. However, their function is diminished in chronic HCV patients (HCVp). Prolactin is an immunomodulatory hormone capable of activating NKC. OBJECTIVE The study aims to explore if hyperprolactinemia can activate NKC in HCVp. METHODS We treated twelve chronic HCVp (confidence level =95%, power =80%) for 15 days with Levosulpiride plus Cimetidine to induce mild hyperprolactinemia. Before and after treatment, we determined TRAIL and NKG2D expression on peripheral blood NKC, along with cytokine profiles, viral loads and liver function. We also evaluated in vitro effects of prolactin and/or IL-2 on NKC TRAIL or NKG2D expression and IFN-γ levels on cultured blood mononuclear cells from 8 HCVp and 7 healthy controls. RESULTS The treatment induced mild hyperprolactinemia and increased TRAIL expression on NKC as well as the secretion of IL-1ra, IL-2, PDGF and IFN-γ. Viral loads decreased in six HCVp. IL-2 and TRAIL together explained the viral load decrease. In vitro, prolactin plus IL-2 synergized to increase TRAIL and NKG2D expression on NKC from HCVp but not in controls. CONCLUSION Levosulpiride/Cimetidine treatment induced mild hyperprolactinaemia that was associated with NKC activation and Th1-type cytokine profile. Also, an increase in TRAIL and IL-2 was associated with viral load decrease. This treatment could potentially be used to reactivate NKC in HCVp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L H Medel
- Infectology Service, General Hospital of Mexico Dr. "Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela G Reyes
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPAM) - Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz M Porras
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPAM) - Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo R Bernal
- Directorate of Research, General Hospital of Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga ", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús S Luna
- Department of Cell Biology, IPN Research and Advanced Studies Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo P Garcia
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPAM) - Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Cordova
- Directorate of Research, General Hospital of Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga ", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adalberto Parra
- Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Perinatology "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes ", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- South Texas Diabetes & Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States
| | - David Kershenobich
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joselín Hernández
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPAM) - Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico.,South Texas Diabetes & Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, General Hospital of Mexico Dr. "Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
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99953
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Sellem E, Marthey S, Rau A, Jouneau L, Bonnet A, Perrier JP, Fritz S, Le Danvic C, Boussaha M, Kiefer H, Jammes H, Schibler L. A comprehensive overview of bull sperm-borne small non-coding RNAs and their diversity across breeds. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:19. [PMID: 32228651 PMCID: PMC7106649 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mature sperm carry thousands of RNAs, including mRNAs, lncRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs and sncRNAs, though their functional significance is still a matter of debate. Growing evidence suggests that sperm RNAs, especially sncRNAs, are selectively retained during spermiogenesis or specifically transferred during epididymis maturation, and are thus delivered to the oocyte at fertilization, providing resources for embryo development. However , a deep characterization of the sncRNA content of bull sperm and its expression profile across breeds is currently lacking. To fill this gap, we optimized a guanidinium–Trizol total RNA extraction protocol to prepare high-quality RNA from frozen bull sperm collected from 40 representative bulls from six breeds. Deep sequencing was performed (40 M single 50-bp reads per sample) to establish a comprehensive repertoire of cattle sperm sncRNA. Results Our study showed that it comprises mostly piRNAs (26%), rRNA fragments (25%), miRNAs (20%) and tRNA fragments (tsRNA, 14%). We identified 5p-halves as the predominant tsRNA subgroup in bull sperm, originating mostly from Gly and Glu isoacceptors. Our study also increased by ~ 50% the sperm repertoire of known miRNAs and identified 2022 predicted miRNAs. About 20% of sperm miRNAs were located within genomic clusters, expanding the list of known polycistronic pri-miRNA clusters and defining several networks of co-expressed miRNAs. Strikingly, our study highlighted the great diversity of isomiRs, resulting mainly from deletions and non-templated additions (A and U) at the 3p end. Substitutions within miRNA sequence accounted for 40% of isomiRs, with G>A, U>C and C>U substitutions being the most frequent variations. In addition, many sncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed across breeds. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive overview of cattle sperm sncRNA, and these findings will pave the way for future work on the role of sncRNAs in embryo development and their relevance as biomarkers of semen fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Sellem
- R&D Department, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvain Marthey
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Andrea Rau
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurelie Bonnet
- R&D Department, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Perrier
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sébastien Fritz
- R&D Department, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75012, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Mekki Boussaha
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hélène Kiefer
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hélène Jammes
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
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99954
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Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature 2020; 581:215-220. [PMID: 32225176 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4114] [Impact Index Per Article: 1028.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new and highly pathogenic coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, starting from December 2019 that quickly spread nationwide and to other countries around the world1-3. Here, to better understand the initial step of infection at an atomic level, we determined the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 bound to the cell receptor ACE2. The overall ACE2-binding mode of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD is nearly identical to that of the SARS-CoV RBD, which also uses ACE2 as the cell receptor4. Structural analysis identified residues in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD that are essential for ACE2 binding, the majority of which either are highly conserved or share similar side chain properties with those in the SARS-CoV RBD. Such similarity in structure and sequence strongly indicate convergent evolution between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV RBDs for improved binding to ACE2, although SARS-CoV-2 does not cluster within SARS and SARS-related coronaviruses1-3,5. The epitopes of two SARS-CoV antibodies that target the RBD are also analysed for binding to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, providing insights into the future identification of cross-reactive antibodies.
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99955
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Chen YC, Yu YH. The potential of brown adipogenesis and browning in porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells1. J Anim Sci 2020; 96:3635-3644. [PMID: 29878130 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocyte lineage commitment and differentiation are under complex regulation. Brown adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Whether porcine bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) possess the potential to differentiate into brown adipocytes remains unclear. In the current study, we evaluated the ability of porcine BM-MSC to differentiate into brown adipocytes and browning of differentiated adipocytes. We found that similar to rodent models, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) was able to trigger the commitment of BM-MSC to the brown adipocyte lineage by elevating expression of marker genes, nrf-1, tfam, zic1, and pgc-1α (P < 0.05). The expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes, prdm16, dio2, and cidea, was significantly induced (P < 0.05) in BMP7-treated porcine BM-MSC after hormonal induction of adipogenesis. The UCP2 and UCP3 protein levels in BMP7-treated porcine BM-MSC were higher than the control group after hormonal induction of adipogenesis, accompanied by increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondria-specific gene expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, acute norepinephrine stimulation potentiated brown adipocyte-specific mRNA expression (P < 0.05) in differentiated adipocytes. Similarly, UCP2 and UCP3 protein levels were increased in differentiated adipocytes upon acute norepinephrine stimulation. In addition, mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondria-specific gene expression were also significantly increased (P < 0.05) in differentiated adipocytes after acute norepinephrine exposure. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that porcine BM-MSC are able to commit to the brown adipocyte lineage and differentiate into brown adipocytes. Differentiated adipocytes derived from porcine BM-MSC have the developmental potential to transdifferentiate into brown-like adipocytes upon norepinephrine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Yilan, Taiwan
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99956
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Lyu K, Li Y, Xu Y, Yue H, Wen Y, Liu T, Chen S, Liu Q, Yang W, Zhu X, Wang Z, Chai L, Wen W, Li C, Lei W. Using RNA sequencing to identify a putative lncRNA-associated ceRNA network in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. RNA Biol 2020; 17:977-989. [PMID: 32174248 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1741282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs can interact with miRNAs to regulate target mRNAs through competitive interactions. However, this mechanism remains largely unexplored in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing was performed on 3 pairs of LSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues to investigate the expression profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs, with differential expression of 171 lncRNAs, 36 miRNAs and 1709 mRNAs detected. Seven lncRNAs, eight mRNAs and three miRNAs were identified to be dysregulated in patients' tissues by using qRT-PCR. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed to elucidate the potential functions of these differentially expressed genes in LSCC. Subsequently, a ceRNA (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) network including 4631 ceRNA pairs was constructed based on predicted miRNAs shared by lncRNAs and mRNAs. Cis- and transregulatory lncRNAs were analysed by bioinformatics-based methods. Importantly, mRNA-related ceRNA networks (mRCNs) were further obtained based on potential cancer-related coding genes. Coexpression between lncRNAs and downstream mRNAs was used as a criterion for the validation of mRCNs, with the ZNF561-AS1-miR217-WNT5A and SATB1-AS1-miR1299-SAV1/CCNG2/SH3 KBP1/JADE1/HIPK2 ceRNA regulatory interactions determined, followed by experimental validation after siRNA transfection. Moreover, ceRNA activity analysis revealed that different activities of ceRNA modules existing in specific pathological environments may contribute to the tumorigenesis of LSCC. Consistently, both downregulated SATB1-AS1 and ZNF561-AS1 significantly promoted laryngeal cancer cell migration and invasion, indicating their important roles in LSCC via a ceRNA regulatory mechanism. Taken together, the results of this investigation uncovered and systemically characterized a lncRNA-related ceRNA regulatory network that may be valuable for the diagnosis and treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexing Lyu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huijun Yue
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihui Wen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tesi Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weiqiang Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangfeng Wang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Chai
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Wen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Lei
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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99957
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Aljofan M, Gaipov A. Chloroquine and COVID-19: A Light at the End of the Tunnel, or is it Another Train? ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/7863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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99958
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Seyrek K, Ivanisenko NV, Richter M, Hillert LK, König C, Lavrik IN. Controlling Cell Death through Post-translational Modifications of DED Proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:354-369. [PMID: 32302548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, deregulation of which occurs in multiple disorders, including neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. The formation of a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and death effector domain (DED) filaments are critical for initiation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of DED-containing DISC components such as FADD, procaspase-8, and c-FLIP comprise an additional level of apoptosis regulation, which is necessary to overcome the threshold for apoptosis induction. In this review we discuss the influence of PTMs of FADD, procaspase-8, and c-FLIP on DED filament assembly and cell death induction, with a focus on the 3D organization of the DED filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Seyrek
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nikita V Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Max Richter
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Hillert
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Corinna König
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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99959
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Frequent FOXA1-Activating Mutations in Extramammary Paget's Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040820. [PMID: 32235312 PMCID: PMC7226542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a neoplastic skin disease of indeterminate origin with an unknown genetic cause. We performed a comprehensive genetic analysis or targeted gene sequencing in 48 patients with EMPD. We identified FOXA1 mutations, a GAS6–FOXA1 fusion gene, and somatic hotspot mutations in the FOXA1 promoter region in 11 of the 48 EMPD patients (11/48, 23%). Additional mutations were identified in PIK3CA (six patients) and in HIST1H2BB, HIST1H2BC, and SMARCB1 (one patient each), but none were found in other frequently mutated genes in cancer. A global gene expression analysis using EMPD clinical samples found the upregulation of PI3 kinase–AKT–mTOR signaling. ABCC11, which is specifically expressed in the apocrine secretory cells and is necessary for their sweat secretion, was upregulated in the EMPD samples. This upregulation suggests that Paget cells originate from apocrine secretory cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that FOXA1 expression was prevalent in all of the EMPD samples analyzed and was associated with estrogen receptor expression. Our genetic analysis indicates that EMPD frequently involves FOXA1 mutations. FOXA1 is a transcriptional pioneer factor for the estrogen receptor, and the present results suggest that certain treatments for hormone-dependent cancers could be effective for EMPD.
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99960
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Morrissey SM, Yan J. Exosomal PD-L1: Roles in Tumor Progression and Immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:550-558. [PMID: 32610067 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint therapies targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) continue to show limited durable success in clinical cases despite widespread application. While some patients achieve complete responses and disease remission, others are completely resistant to the therapy. Recent evidence in the field suggests that tumor-derived exosomes could be responsible for mediating systemic immunosuppression that antagonizes anti-PD-1 checkpoint therapy. In this Opinion article, we discuss our claim that endogenous tumor exosomal PD-L1 and tumor-derived exosome-induced PD-L1 are two of the most notable mechanisms of exosome-mediated resistance against antitumor immunity and we discuss how this resistance could directly influence immune checkpoint therapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Morrissey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr, MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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99961
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Shimo T, Takebe H, Okui T, Kunisada Y, Ibaragi S, Obata K, Kurio N, Shamsoon K, Fujii S, Hosoya A, Irie K, Sasaki A, Iwamoto M. Expression and Role of IL-1β Signaling in Chondrocytes Associated with Retinoid Signaling during Fracture Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072365. [PMID: 32235405 PMCID: PMC7177407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of fracture healing consists of an inflammatory reaction and cartilage and bone tissue reconstruction. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signal is an important major factor in fracture healing, whereas its relevance to retinoid receptor (an RAR inverse agonist, which promotes endochondral bone formation) remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the expressions of IL-1β and retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) in a rat fracture model and the effects of IL-1β in the presence of one of several RAR inverse agonists on chondrocytes. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed that IL-1β and RARγ were expressed in chondrocytes at the fracture site in the rat ribs on day 7 post-fracture. In chondrogenic ATDC5 cells, IL-1β decreases the levels of aggrecan and type II collagen but significantly increased the metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp13) mRNA by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. An RAR inverse agonist (AGN194310) inhibited IL-1β-stimulated Mmp13 and Ccn2 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated-kinases (pERK1/2) and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were increased time-dependently by IL-1β treatment, and the IL-1β-induced p-p38 MAPK was inhibited by AGN194310. Experimental p38 inhibition led to a drop in the IL-1β-stimulated expressions of Mmp13 and Ccn2 mRNA. MMP13, CCN2, and p-p38 MAPK were expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes near the invaded vascular endothelial cells. As a whole, these results point to role of the IL-1β via p38 MAPK as important signaling in the regulation of the endochondral bone formation in fracture healing, and to the actions of RAR inverse agonists as potentially relevant modulators of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Shimo
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-133-23-1429
| | - Hiroaki Takebe
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Tatsuo Okui
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Yuki Kunisada
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Kyoichi Obata
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Naito Kurio
- Department of Oral Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan;
| | - Karnoon Shamsoon
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, University of Hokkaido, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Saki Fujii
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Akihiro Hosoya
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Kazuharu Irie
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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99962
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Histone Deacetylation Inhibitors as Modulators of Regulatory T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072356. [PMID: 32235291 PMCID: PMC7177531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important mediators of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. Being cluster of differentiation 4+Forkhead box protein3+ (CD4+FOXP3+), these cells are a subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes and can originate from the thymus (tTregs) or from the periphery (pTregs). The malfunction of CD4+ Tregs is associated with autoimmune responses such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and transplant rejection. Recent evidence supports an opposed role in sepsis. Therefore, maintaining functional Tregs is considered as a therapy regimen to prevent autoimmunity and allograft rejection, whereas blocking Treg differentiation might be favorable in sepsis patients. It has been shown that Tregs can be generated from conventional naïve T cells, called iTregs, due to their induced differentiation. Moreover, Tregs can be effectively expanded in vitro based on blood-derived tTregs. Taking into consideration that the suppressive role of Tregs has been mainly attributed to the expression and function of the transcription factor Foxp3, modulating its expression and binding to the promoter regions of target genes by altering the chromatin histone acetylation state may turn out beneficial. Hence, we discuss the role of histone deacetylation inhibitors as epigenetic modulators of Tregs in this review in detail.
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99963
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Streff HE, Gao Y, Nelson SW. Functional evaluation of the C-terminal region of bacteriophage T4 Rad50. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:485-490. [PMID: 32238267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage T4 encodes orthologs of the proteins Rad50 (gp46) and Mre11 (gp47), which form a heterotetrameric complex (MR) that participates in the processing of DNA ends for recombination-dependent DNA repair. Crystal and high-resolution cryo-EM structures of Rad50 have revealed DNA binding sites near the dimer interface of Rad50 opposite of Mre11, and near the base of the coiled-coils that extend out from the globular head domain. An analysis of T4-Rad50 using sequenced-based algorithms to identify DNA binding residues predicts that a conserved region of positively charged residues near the C-terminus, distal to the observed binding sites, interacts with DNA. Mutant proteins were generated to test this prediction and their enzymatic and DNA binding activities were evaluated. Consistent with the predictions, the Rad50 C-terminal mutants had reduced affinity for DNA as measured by Rad50 equilibrium DNA binding assays and an increased Km-DNA as determined in MR complex nuclease assays. Moreover, the allosteric activation of ATP hydrolysis activity due to DNA binding was substantially reduced, suggesting that these residues may be involved in the communication between the DNA and ATP binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Streff
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA; Undergraduate Research Program at Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Scott W Nelson
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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99964
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Kim MY. Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai extract induces p53-independent apoptosis via the elevation of nitric oxide production in human HCT116 colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3027-3034. [PMID: 32218860 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells by Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai has been considered to be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment; however, the underlying mechanisms of action are not well understood. The present study investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO•) and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) during apoptosis induced by Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai extracts (SQE) in p53-wild type (WT) and p53-null HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. Trypan blue exclusion and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays were used to test for antiproliferation, and apoptosis and cell cycle. Griess and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays were carried out to assay NO• production, and to detect the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2, PARP and IAPs. A colorimetric assay was utilized to measure the time-dependent increase in caspase-3 activity. SQE inhibited cell growth and promoted apoptosis by the elevation of NO• in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, both cell types underwent a reduction in mRNA and protein levels of IAPs (survivin, CIAP-1 and -2, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis) as well as anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, whereas an increase in protein expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and caspase 3 activity was observed; however, an equivalent cytotoxic and apoptotic effect by SQE was observed in p53-WT and p53-null cells. Collectively, the results indicated that SQE-induced apoptosis was independent of p53 status and associated with modulation of endogenous NO• and IAP family gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Kim
- Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology (Biomaterials), College of Applied Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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99965
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Sun Y, Chen P, Zhai B, Zhang M, Xiang Y, Fang J, Xu S, Gao Y, Chen X, Sui X, Li G. The emerging role of ferroptosis in inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110108. [PMID: 32234642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death triggered by intracellular phospholipid peroxidation that is morphologically, biologically and genetically distinct from other types of cell death. Ferroptosis is classified as regulated necrosis and is more immunogenic than apoptosis. To date, compelling evidence indicates that ferroptosis plays an important role in inflammation, and several antioxidants functioning as ferroptosis inhibitors have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models of certain diseases. Our review provides an overview of the link between ferroptosis and inflammation; a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and inflammation may hasten the development of promising therapeutic strategies involving ferroptosis inhibitors to address inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaheng Fang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sinan Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufei Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China; Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guoxiong Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China.
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99966
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Park JH, Park KS. SMAD3 promotes ELK3 expression following transforming growth factor β-mediated stimulation of MDA-MB231 cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2749-2754. [PMID: 32218827 PMCID: PMC7068580 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a secreted cytokine whose aberrant spatiotemporal expression is related to cancer progression and metastasis. While TGFβ acts as a tumor suppressor in normal and premalignant stages, TGFβ functions as a tumor promoter during the malignant phases of tumor progression by prompting cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enhances tumor cell invasion and ultimately promotes metastasis to other organs. Extensive studies have been performed to uncover the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TGFβ inducing EMT in cancer cells. Here, we suggested that ELK3, which encodes a protein that orchestrates invasion and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer cells, is a downstream target of TGFβ-SMAD3 in MDA-MB231 cells. ELK3 expression was increased in a time-dependent manner upon TGFβ treatment. Chemical and molecular inhibition of the TGFβ receptor blocked the ability of TGFβ to induce ELK3 expression. Small interfering RNA-mediated suppression analysis revealed that SMAD3 induces TGFβ signaling to express ELK3. Moreover, the results of the luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that SMAD3 directly binds to the SMAD-binding element on the promoter of ELK3 to activate gene expression following TGFβ stimulation. We concluded that ELK3 is a novel downstream target of TGFβ-SMAD3 signaling in aggressive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
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99967
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Yu G, Zhong N, Huang B, Mi Y. PEBP4 gene expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis-based study of the molecular pathways involved. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2825-2831. [PMID: 32218836 PMCID: PMC7068619 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested increased activity of phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 4 (PEBP4) may be associated with the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, no direct association between PEBP4 and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has been reported. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine the gene expression activity of PEBP4 in LSCC. A total of 10 out of 131 gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were selected, including 574 samples (319 patients with LSCC and 255 healthy controls). Subsequently, multiple linear regression (MLR) was employed to study three potential influencing factors: Sample size, population region and study date. A literature-based pathway analysis was then conducted to examine the potential mechanisms through which PEBP4 may exert influence on LSCC. The results of a meta-analysis indicated that, in LSCC, PEBP4 exhibited significantly low expression levels (P<0.033), with mildly increased gene expression levels observed in three studies (log fold-change: 0.072–2.13). However, a significant between-study variance was observed from the heterogeneity analysis. MLR indicated that population region was a significant factor (P<0.0065), whereas sample size and study age were not (P>0.46). Eight functional pathways were subsequently identified, through which PEBP4 may influence the prognosis of LSCC and its response to treatment. The results of the present study suggested that the effects of PEBP4 on LSCC can be neglected in most cases of LSCC, where PEBP4 demonstrated decreased expression levels. However, in the case of PEBP4 overexpression, it may contribute to the progression of LSCC and lead to the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Yedong Mi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
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99968
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Ravikumar N, Nallasamy K, Bansal A, Angurana SK, Basavaraja GV, Sundaram M, Lodha R, Gupta D, Jayashree M. Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) Infection: Part I - Preparedness and Management in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Resource-limited Settings. Indian Pediatr 2020. [PMID: 32238612 PMCID: PMC7182738 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-020-1785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
First reported in China, the 2019 novel coronavirus has been spreading across the globe. Till 26 March, 2020, 416,686 cases have been diagnosed and 18,589 have died the world over. The coronavirus disease mainly starts with a respiratory illness and about 5-16% require intensive care management for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. Children account for about 1-2% of the total cases, and 6% of these fall under severe or critical category requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care. Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical and epidemiological features with laboratory confirmation. Preparedness strategies for managing this pandemic are the need of the hour, and involve setting up cohort ICUs with isolation rooms. Re-allocation of resources in managing this crisis involves careful planning, halting elective surgeries and training of healthcare workers. Strict adherence to infection control like personal protective equipment and disinfection is the key to contain the disease transmission. Although many therapies have been tried in various regions, there is a lack of strong evidence to recommend anti-virals or immunomodulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Ravikumar
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Karthi Nallasamy
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Bansal
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India. Correspondence to: Dr Arun Bansal, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar Angurana
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - G V Basavaraja
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore Karnataka, India
| | - Manu Sundaram
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhiren Gupta
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Muralidharan Jayashree
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Paediatrics, Advanced Paediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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99969
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Xing Y, Chen J, Hilley H, Steele H, Yang J, Han L. Molecular Signature of Pruriceptive MrgprA3 + Neurons. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2041-2050. [PMID: 32234460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Itch, initiated by the activation of sensory neurons, is associated frequently with dermatological diseases. MrgprA3+ sensory neurons have been identified as one of the major itch-sensing neuronal populations. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that peripheral pathological conditions induce physiological regulation of sensory neurons, which is critical for the maintenance of chronic itch sensation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we performed RNA sequencing of genetically labeled MrgprA3+ neurons under both naïve and allergic contact dermatitis conditions. Our results revealed the unique molecular signature of itch-sensing neurons and the distinct transcriptional profile changes that result in response to dermatitis. We found enrichment of nine Mrgpr family members and two histamine receptors in MrgprA3+ neurons, suggesting that MrgprA3+ neurons are a direct neuronal target for histamine and Mrgpr agonists. In addition, PTPN6 and PCDH12 were identified as highly selective markers of MrgprA3+ neurons. We also discovered that MrgprA3+ neurons respond to skin dermatitis in a way that is unique from other sensory neurons by regulating a combination of transcriptional factors, ion channels, and key molecules involved in synaptic transmission. These results significantly increase our knowledge of itch transmission and uncover potential targets for combating itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xing
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Henry Hilley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haley Steele
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Liang Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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99970
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Minocycline prevents neuronal hyperexcitability and neuroinflammation in medial prefrontal cortex, as well as memory impairment caused by repeated toluene inhalation in adolescent rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 395:114980. [PMID: 32234516 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Toluene can be intentionally misused by adolescents to experience psychoactive effects. Toluene has a complex mechanism of action and broad behavioral effects, among which memory impairment is reported consistently. We have previously reported that repeated toluene inhalation (8000 ppm) increases layer 5 prelimbic pyramidal cells' excitability in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adolescent rats. Toluene also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activate glial cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the anti-inflammatory agent minocycline would decrease toluene's effects because it inhibits NF-κB (nuclear factor enhancer of the kappa light chains of activated B cells) and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine and ROS production. Our results show that minocycline (50 mg/kg, ip, for 10 days) prevents the hyperexcitability of mPFC neurons observed after repeated 8000 ppm toluene exposure (30 min/day, 2×/day for 10 days). Minocycline prevents toluene-induced hyperexcitability by a mechanism that averts the loss of the slow calcium-dependent potassium current, and normalizes mPFC neurons' firing frequency. These effects are accompanied by significant decreased expression of astrocytes and activated microglia in the mPFC, reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β), as well as increased mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Minocycline also prevents toluene-induced memory impairment in adolescent rats in the passive avoidance task and the temporal order memory test in which the mPFC plays a central role. These results show that neuroinflammation produces several effects of repeated toluene administration at high concentrations, and minocycline can significantly prevent them.
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99971
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Olds JL, Kabbani N. Is nicotine exposure linked to cardiopulmonary vulnerability to COVID-19 in the general population? FEBS J 2020; 287:3651-3655. [PMID: 32189428 PMCID: PMC7228237 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of COVID‐19 has resulted in a worldwide crisis, with large populations locked down and transportation links severed. While approximately 80% of infected individuals have minimal symptoms, around 15–20% need to be hospitalized, greatly stressing global healthcare systems. As of March 10, the death rate appears to be about 3.4%, although this number is highly stratified among different populations. Here, we focus on those individuals who have been exposed to nicotine prior to their exposure to the virus. We predict that these individuals are ‘primed’ to be at higher risk because nicotine can directly impact the putative receptor for the virus (ACE2) and lead to deleterious signaling in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Olds
- SCHAR School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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99972
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Oncofetal Chondroitin Sulfate: A Putative Therapeutic Target in Adult and Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040818. [PMID: 32231047 PMCID: PMC7226838 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors remain a major challenge for targeted therapeutic intervention strategies such as antibody-drug conjugates and immunotherapy. At a minimum, clear and actionable solid tumor targets have to comply with the key biological requirement of being differentially over-expressed in solid tumors and metastasis, in contrast to healthy organs. Oncofetal chondroitin sulfate is a cancer-specific secondary glycosaminoglycan modification to proteoglycans expressed in a variety of solid tumors and metastasis. Normally, this modification is found to be exclusively expressed in the placenta, where it is thought to facilitate normal placental implantation during pregnancy. Informed by this biology, oncofetal chondroitin sulfate is currently under investigation as a broad and specific target in solid tumors. Here, we discuss oncofetal chondroitin sulfate as a potential therapeutic target in childhood solid tumors in the context of current knowhow obtained over the past five years in adult cancers.
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99973
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Sohn YK, Kim HS. Targeted delivery of a human Bcl-2-specific protein binder effectively induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:447-452. [PMID: 32228885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins are critical switches to control cell death and survival, and Bcl-2 is a key regulator in pro-survival signaling, causing various diseases including cancers. Bcl-2 has drawn a considerable attention as a potential target for developing a pro-apoptotic agent for cancers. We here present the development of a specific protein binder against human Bcl-2 and its cytosolic delivery to effectively induce apoptosis of cancer cells. The protein binder composed of leucine-rich repeat modules was selected for human Bcl-2, and its binding affinity was increased up to 60 nM through a modular evolution-based approach. The protein binder was efficiently delivered into cancer cells by an intracellular delivery system using a translocation domain from a bacterial exotoxin, resulting in a strong suppression of anti-apoptotic signaling in cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that the human Bcl-2-specific protein binder can act as a potent therapeutic agent for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Kyoung Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
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99974
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A Novel NAD-RNA Decapping Pathway Discovered by Synthetic Light-Up NAD-RNAs. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040513. [PMID: 32231086 PMCID: PMC7226252 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the transcriptome is governed by the intricate interplay of transcription, RNA processing, translocation, and decay. In eukaryotes, the removal of the 5’-RNA cap is essential for the initiation of RNA degradation. In addition to the canonical 5’-N7-methyl guanosine cap in eukaryotes, the ubiquitous redox cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) was identified as a new 5’-RNA cap structure in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. So far, two classes of NAD-RNA decapping enzymes have been identified, namely Nudix enzymes that liberate nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and DXO-enzymes that remove the entire NAD cap. Herein, we introduce 8-(furan-2-yl)-substituted NAD-capped-RNA (FurNAD-RNA) as a new research tool for the identification and characterization of novel NAD-RNA decapping enzymes. These compounds are found to be suitable for various enzymatic reactions that result in the release of a fluorescence quencher, either nicotinamide (NAM) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), from the RNA which causes a fluorescence turn-on. FurNAD-RNAs allow for real-time quantification of decapping activity, parallelization, high-throughput screening and identification of novel decapping enzymes in vitro. Using FurNAD-RNAs, we discovered that the eukaryotic glycohydrolase CD38 processes NAD-capped RNA in vitro into ADP-ribose-modified-RNA and nicotinamide and therefore might act as a decapping enzyme in vivo. The existence of multiple pathways suggests that the decapping of NAD-RNA is an important and regulated process in eukaryotes.
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99975
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Dai L, Qiao J, Yin J, Goldstein A, Lin HY, Post SR, Qin Z. Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection in Oral Cavities of HIV-Positive Patients: A Unique Niche for Oncogenic Virus Lytic Reactivation. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:1331-1341. [PMID: 31111897 PMCID: PMC7325796 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collectively, viruses are the principal cause of cancers arising in patients with immune dysfunction, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) etiologically linked to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) continues to be the most common AIDS-associated tumor. The involvement of the oral cavity represents one of the most common clinical manifestations of this tumor. HIV infection incurs an increased risk among individuals with periodontal diseases and oral carriage of a variety of pathogenic bacteria. However, whether interactions involving periodontal bacteria and oncogenic viruses in the local environment facilitate replication or maintenance of these viruses in the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients remain largely unknown. We previously showed that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from specific periodontal bacteria promoted KSHV entry into oral cells and subsequent establishment of latency. In the current study, we demonstrate that Staphylococcus aureus, one of common pathogens causing infection in HIV-positive patients, and its PAMPs can effectively induce KSHV lytic reactivation from infected oral cells, through the Toll-like receptor reactive oxygen species and cyclin D1-Dicer-viral microRNA axis. This investigation provides further clinical evidence about the relevance of coinfection due to these 2 pathogens in the oral cavities of a cohort HIV-positive patients and reveals novel mechanisms through which these coinfecting pathogens potentially promote virus-associated cancer development in the unique niche of immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Alana Goldstein
- Departments of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, New Orleans
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Steven R Post
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
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99976
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Yan J, Bao H, Fan YJ, Jiang ZL, Qi YX, Han Y. Platelet-derived microvesicles promote endothelial progenitor cell proliferation in intimal injury by delivering TGF-β1. FEBS J 2020; 287:5196-5217. [PMID: 32167224 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intimal injury is an early stage of several cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in endothelial repair following vascular injury. Once the intima is damaged, EPCs are mobilized from the bone marrow to the injury site. Meanwhile, the injury to the intimal surface triggers platelet degranulation, aggregation, and adhesion to the damaged endothelium, and exposed collagen stimulates platelet to secrete platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs). However, the role of PMVs in EPC function during this process remains unknown. In an in vivo study, EPCs and platelets were found to adhere to the injury site in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat vascular injury model. In vitro, collagen stimulation induced the release of PMVs, and collagen-activated PMVs (ac.PMVs) significantly promoted EPC proliferation. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content was increased in ac.PMVs. Activated PMVs significantly upregulated Smad3 phosphorylation in EPCs and increased Smad3 nuclear translocation from the cytoplasm. TGF-β1 knockdown ac.PMVs downregulated EPC proliferation. Recombinant TGF-β1 enhanced EPC proliferation. The TGF-β1 inhibitor SB431542 significantly repressed the intracellular signal triggered by ac.PMVs. Furthermore, the Smad3-specific phosphorylation inhibitor SIS3 effectively reversed the cell proliferation induced by ac.PMVs. Smad3 translocated to the nucleus and enhanced EPC proliferation via its downstream genes tenascin C (TNC), CDKN1A, and CDKN2A. r-TGF-β1 promoted reendothelialization and EPC proliferation in vivo. Our data demonstrate that activated PMVs deliver TGF-β1 from collagen-activated platelets to EPCs, which in turn activates Smad3 phosphorylation and regulates TNC, CDKN1A, and CDKN2A expression to promote EPC proliferation, suggesting that PMVs act as a key transporter and a potential therapeutic target for vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yang-Jing Fan
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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99977
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Potilinski MC, Lorenc V, Perisset S, Gallo JE. Mechanisms behind Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Diabetes and Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072351. [PMID: 32231131 PMCID: PMC7177797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes produces several changes in the body triggered by high glycemia. Some of these changes include altered metabolism, structural changes in blood vessels and chronic inflammation. The eye and particularly the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are not spared, and the changes eventually lead to cell loss and visual function impairment. Understanding the mechanisms resulting in RGC damage and loss from diabetic retinopathy is essential to find an effective treatment. This review focuses mainly on the signaling pathways and molecules involved in RGC loss and the potential therapeutic approaches for the prevention of this cell death. Throughout the manuscript it became evident that multiple factors of different kind are responsible for RGC damage. This shows that new therapeutic agents targeting several factors at the same time are needed. Alpha-1 antitrypsin as an anti-inflammatory agent may become a suitable option for the treatment of RGC loss because of its beneficial interaction with several signaling pathways involved in RGC injury and inflammation. In conclusion, alpha-1 antitrypsin may become a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of RGC loss and processes behind diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Constanza Potilinski
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Facultad de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. J.D. Perón 1500, 1629 Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (M.C.P.); (V.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Valeria Lorenc
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Facultad de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. J.D. Perón 1500, 1629 Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (M.C.P.); (V.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Sofía Perisset
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Facultad de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. J.D. Perón 1500, 1629 Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (M.C.P.); (V.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Juan Eduardo Gallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Facultad de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. J.D. Perón 1500, 1629 Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (M.C.P.); (V.L.); (S.P.)
- Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital Universitario Austral, Av. Juan Perón 1500, 1629 Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-91164038725
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99978
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Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH, Lee S, Kim HS, Myoung J, Kim BT, Kim SJ. Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:313-324. [PMID: 32238757 PMCID: PMC9728410 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes serious respiratory illness such as pneumonia and lung failure, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China. The etiological agent of COVID-19 has been confirmed as a novel coronavirus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is most likely originated from zoonotic coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV, which emerged in 2002. Within a few months of the first report, SARS-CoV-2 had spread across China and worldwide, reaching a pandemic level. As COVID-19 has triggered enormous human casualties and serious economic loss posing global threat, an understanding of the ongoing situation and the development of strategies to contain the virus's spread are urgently needed. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Here, we review the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Gyun Ahn
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Shin
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea,Bioenvironmental Science and Toxicology Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 5834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Soo Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjong Myoung
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute and Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Tae Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea,B.T.K. Phone: +82-42-860-7023 E-mail:
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors S.J.K. Phone: +82-42-860-7477 E-mail:
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99979
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Stankovic B, Dragasevic S, Klaassen K, Kotur N, Srzentic Drazilov S, Zukic B, Sokic Milutinovic A, Milovanovic T, Lukic S, Popovic D, Pavlovic S, Nikcevic G. Exploring inflammatory and apoptotic signatures in distinct Crohn's disease phenotypes: Way towards molecular stratification of patients and targeted therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152945. [PMID: 32279918 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is chronic inflammatory bowel disease with different phenotypic characteristics influencing disease prognosis and therapeutic strategies. The aim of this pilot study was to analyze selected inflammatory and apoptotic markers in non-inflamed and inflamed samples of ileal mucosa of non-stricturing/non-penetrating (NS/NP) and stricturing (S) CD mucosal phenotypes in order to characterize their distinct profiles. METHODS From twenty CD patients (9 NS/NP, 11 S) paired non-inflamed and inflamed ileal biopsies were collected and used for analysis of cytokine (TNF and IL6) and apoptotic (Bcl2, Bax, Fas and FasL) genes' expression levels by real-time PCR, while NFκB transcriptional potency was assessed by electromobility gel shift assay. RESULTS Our results demonstrated significant upregulation of TNF and IL6 in inflamed area of both NS/NP (p = 0.03, p = 0.01) and S phenotypes (p = 0.04, p = 0.04), respectively. However, TNF increase was more prominent in NS/NP compared to S inflamed mucosa (p = 0.02). Also, level of proapoptotic Bax was significantly higher in NS/NP compared to S inflamed mucosa (p = 0.01). Opposing transcription potency of NFκB has been detected between two phenotypes: being decreased in NS/NP (p = 0.07) and increased in S (p = 0.1) inflamed compared to non-inflamed mucosa, demonstrating trend towards statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS We found that two distinct CD phenotypes have specific molecular signatures. Obtained results could direct improvement of current and development of new therapeutic strategies based on more specific molecular stratification of CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Dragasevic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Kristel Klaassen
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nikola Kotur
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Srzentic Drazilov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branka Zukic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Sokic Milutinovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Milovanovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Snezana Lukic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragan Popovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Gordana Nikcevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
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99980
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Ding X, Zhang M, He M, Zhao Y, Hu S, Zhao F, Wang J, Xie B, Shi B. The proportion of peripheral blood Tregs among the CD4+ T cells of autoimmune thyroid disease patients: a meta-analysis. Endocr J 2020; 67:317-326. [PMID: 31827051 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is characterized by a loss of self-tolerance to thyroid antigen. Tregs, whose proportions are controversial among CD4+ T cell from AITD patients (AITDs), are crucial in immune tolerance. Considering that drugs might affect Treg levels, we assumed that the differences originated from different treatment statuses. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to explore proportions of Tregs in untreated and treated AITDs. PubMed, Embase and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched for relevant studies. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 were used to conduct the meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis based on different diseases and cell surface markers was performed. Egger linear regression analysis was used to assess publication bias. Approximately 1,100 AITDs and healthy controls (HCs) from fourteen studies were included. Proportions of Tregs among CD4+ T cells of untreated AITDs were significantly lower than those in HCs (p = 0.002), but were not in treated patients (p = 0.40). Subgroup analysis revealed lower proportions of Tregs in untreated Graves' disease patients (GDs) (p = 0.001) but did not show obvious differences in untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients (HTs) (p = 0.62). Furthermore, proportions of circulating FoxP3+ Tregs were reduced in untreated GDs (p < 0.00001) and HTs (p = 0.04). No publication bias was found. In this first meta-analysis exploring proportions of circulating Tregs among CD4+ T cells of AITDs with different treatment statuses, we found that Tregs potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of AITD but function differently in GD and HT. Remarkably, FoxP3+ Tregs, which were decreased in both diseases, might be promising targets for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Mingqian He
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shiqian Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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99981
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Lin B, Sun J, Fraser IDC. Single-tube genotyping for small insertion/deletion mutations: simultaneous identification of wild type, mutant and heterozygous alleles. Biol Methods Protoc 2020; 5:bpaa007. [PMID: 33782652 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methods of genotyping small insertion/deletion (indel) mutations are costly, laborious, and can be unreliable. To address this, we have developed a method for small indel genotyping in a single polymerase chain reaction, with wild-type, heterozygous and mutant alleles distinguishable by band pattern in routine agarose gel electrophoresis. We demonstrate this method with multiple genes to distinguish 10 bp, 4 bp and even 1 bp deletions from the wild type. Through systematic testing of numerous primer designs, we also propose guidelines for genotyping small indel mutations. Our method provides a convenient approach to genotyping small indels derived from clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-mediated gene editing, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea induced mutagenesis or diagnosis of naturally occurring polymorphisms/mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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99982
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Sequential anti-CD19, 22, and 20 autologous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) treatments of a child with relapsed refractory Burkitt lymphoma: a case report and literature review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1575-1582. [PMID: 32222815 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the most frequent subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children. Currently, short, intensive chemotherapy is used internationally and has greatly improved survival in children with BL. However, 5-10% of patients suffer recurrence after intensive chemotherapy, and the prognosis of these patients remains poor. The overall survival rate is only approximately 10%. Innovative therapies are needed to attain a higher rate of remission, such as immunotherapy for relapsed refractory (r/r) BL patients. METHODS An 8-year-old boy with BL was studied. He suffered a relapse after treatment with standard chemotherapy. Then, we treated this patient using autologous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies, sequentially targeting antigens CD19, CD22, and CD20. A review of the current literature on CAR-T treatment for lymphoma is presented. RESULTS The patient had no discernible response to anti-CD19 CAR-T treatment and exhibited progressive disease (PD). Following CD-22-directed CAR-T treatment, the patient underwent a partial remission (PR), but unfortunately a relapse rapidly occurred. Finally, after administering the anti-CD20 CAR-T cell therapy, the child went into complete remission (CR). The young boy has currently achieved 16-month event-free survival (EFS) so far. During administration of the CD19 and CD20 CAR-T cells, the patient appeared to experience mild (Grade I) cytokine release syndrome (CRS). However, during the CD22 CAR-T therapy, he appeared to experience grade III CRS. CONCLUSION Autologous anti-CD19, anti-CD22, and anti-CD20 CAR-T cell therapies targeting multiple tumor antigens could be an innovative and sound treatment for children with r/r BL, provided that they are closely monitored during treatment.
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99983
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Vergara GA, Eugenio GC, Malheiros SMF, Victor EDS, Weinlich R. RIPK3 is a novel prognostic marker for lower grade glioma and further enriches IDH mutational status subgrouping. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:587-594. [PMID: 32222932 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Necroptosis is a necrotic-like cell death pathway in which Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) plays a central role and may induce inflammation and immunity. Lower RIPK3 levels have been correlated with a poor prognosis in breast and colorectal cancer patients. Instead, in gliomas, the most prevalent among central nervous system cancers, necrosis concurs with a more aggressive and lethal outcome, suggesting that, in these cases, necrotic-like pathways may be linked to worse prognoses. Lower-grade gliomas (LGG) exhibit highly diverse clinical behaviors, ranging from slow-paced growth to fast progression to glioblastoma yet patient outcomes cannot be fully predicted through the available markers. To date, IDH mutational status is the most broadly used prognostic marker, albeit several candidates have been proposed to refine LGG subgrouping. Here, we aimed to assess RIPK3 role as a prognostic marker for LGG patients, independently of or in combination with IDH. METHODS Using publicly available discovery (513 patients) and validation (134 patients) cohorts, we performed Kaplan Meier survival analysis and uni- and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS RIPK3 is an independent prognostic marker in LGG patients, even when controlled by age and molecular or histological diagnostic criteria. Contrary to what was previously reported for other cancers, high RIPK3 expression levels correlates with an increased risk of death. Importantly, RIPK3 expression levels further split both the mutant and wild-type IDH patients into distinct risk groups. CONCLUSION RIPK3 expression levels can be used in combination with IDH mutational status to better subgroup LGG patients regarding overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzana Maria Fleury Malheiros
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Neurologia/Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, São Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil
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99984
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Qi L, Yin G, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Wu X, Gronostajski RM, Qiu M, Liu Y. Nuclear Factor I/A Controls A-fiber Nociceptor Development. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:685-695. [PMID: 32221845 PMCID: PMC7340684 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Noxious mechanical information is transmitted through molecularly distinct nociceptors, with pinprick-evoked sharp sensitivity via A-fiber nociceptors marked by developmental expression of the neuropeptide Y receptor 2 (Npy2r) and von Frey filament-evoked punctate pressure information via unmyelinated C fiber nociceptors marked by MrgprD. However, the molecular programs controlling their development are only beginning to be understood. Here we demonstrate that Npy2r-expressing sensory neurons are in fact divided into two groups, based on transient or persistent Npy2r expression. Npy2r-transient neurons are myelinated, likely including A-fiber nociceptors, whereas Npy2r-persistent ones belong to unmyelinated pruriceptors that co-express Nppb. We then showed that the transcription factors NFIA and Runx1 are necessary for the development of Npy2r-transient A-fiber nociceptors and MrgprD+ C-fiber nociceptors, respectively. Behaviorally, mice with conditional knockout of Nfia, but not Runx1 showed a marked attenuation of pinprick-evoked nocifensive responses. Our studies therefore identify a transcription factor controlling the development of myelinated nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Guangjuan Yin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Yeqi Tao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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99985
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Zhang W, Hu X, Liang J, Zhu Y, Zeng B, Feng L, Zhao C, Liu S, Liu B, Zhang K. oHSV2 Can Target Murine Colon Carcinoma by Altering the Immune Status of the Tumor Microenvironment and Inducing Antitumor Immunity. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 16:158-171. [PMID: 32055679 PMCID: PMC7011019 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are promising immunoreagents. Numerous studies have shown that oncolytic virotherapy is effective for many tumors. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effect of oHSV2, an oncolytic type 2 herpes simplex virus, on mouse colon carcinoma. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of oHSV2 was observed in both unilateral and bilateral colon cancer models. oHSV2 effectively eliminated tumors and prolonged the survival of mice without side effects. Additionally, treatment with oHSV2 effectively prevented the growth of rechallenged tumors and distant implanted tumors. The specific killing ability of splenic immune cells to tumor cells was enhanced. oHSV2 treatment effectively reduced the content of inhibitory immune cells (regulatory T cells [Tregs] and myeloid-derived suppressor cells [MDSCs]) and increased the content of positive immune cells (natural killer [NK], CD8+ T, and dendritic cells [DCs]) in the spleen. Moreover, treatment with oHSV2 remodeled the tumor immune microenvironment. In summary, treatment with oHSV2 can effectively eliminate primary tumors, generate tumor-specific immunity, and elicit immune memory to inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis. Furthermore, this virotherapy can reshape the immune status of the spleen and tumor microenvironment in mice, which can further improve the therapeutic antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Beibei Zeng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Changyun Zhao
- Chongqing Deepexam Bioltechnology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Shangmei Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Corresponding author: Shangmei Liu, Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Binlei Liu
- Hubei University of Technology, Nanhu, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430068, China
- Corresponding author: Binlei Liu, Hubei University of Technology, Nanhu, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Corresponding author: Kaitai Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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99986
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Lee SML, Bertinetti-Lapatki C, Schiergens TS, Jauch KW, Roth AB, Thasler WE. Concurrent isolation of hepatic stem cells and hepatocytes from the human liver. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:253-260. [PMID: 32221840 PMCID: PMC7186250 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells or stem cells have the potential to be representative in vitro models of the human liver for research as well as early safety assessment programs. However, up until now, there has been no definitive proof that differentiated hepatocytes recapitulate the phenotype and functional characteristics of primary hepatocytes from the same individual. Thus, a method for the concurrent isolation of hepatocytes and hepatic stem cells is presented here to provide the cells necessary for the evaluation of the required benchmarking. The method presented here generated high-quality hepatocytes with a purity of 94 ± 1% and a high percentage viability of 79 ± 2%. Furthermore, the hepatic stem cells isolated were found to be actively proliferating and have a purity of 98 ± 1%. Thus, these isolated cells can be used as a powerful tool for the validation of differentiated hepatocyte in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene M L Lee
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 5H 02 Room 428, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Cristina Bertinetti-Lapatki
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Centre, Grenzacherstr 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias S Schiergens
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 5H 02 Room 428, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Walter Jauch
- Medical Directorate, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian B Roth
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Centre, Grenzacherstr 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang E Thasler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 5H 02 Room 428, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of General Visceral and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Red Cross Hospital Munich, Nymphenburger Str. 163, 80634, Munich, Germany
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99987
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Rahimi F, Talebi Bezmin Abadi A. Practical Strategies Against the Novel Coronavirus and COVID-19-the Imminent Global Threat. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:280-281. [PMID: 32229157 PMCID: PMC7270650 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The last month of 2019 harbingered the emergence of a viral outbreak that is now a major public threat globally. COVID-19 was first diagnosed and confirmed in a couple of cases with unknown pneumonia; the patients lived in, or travelled to, Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. People now face a complex challenge that deserves urgent intervention by all involved in medical healthcare globally. Conventional antiviral therapies or vaccines are the most referred means of tackling the virus, but we think establishing these ideal management strategies is presently far-fetched. In-house isolation or quarantine of suspected cases to keep hospital admissions manageable and prevent in-hospital spread of the virus, and promoting general awareness about transmission routes are the practical strategies used to tackle the spread of COVID-19. Cases with weakened or compromised immune systems—for example, elderly individuals, young children, and those with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, cancer, hypertension, and chronic respiratory diseases—are particularly more susceptible to COVID-19. Hopefully, cumulative data using whole-genome sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in parallel with mathematical modeling will help the molecular biologists to understand unknown features of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Rahimi
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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99988
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Chen J, Chen X, Xu D, Yang L, Yang Z, Yang Q, Yan D, Zhang P, Feng D, Liu J. Autophagy Induced by Proteasomal DUB Inhibitor NiPT Restricts NiPT-Mediated Cancer Cell Death. Front Oncol 2020; 10:348. [PMID: 32292717 PMCID: PMC7119081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy–lysosome pathway (ALP) are two major systems for protein quality control (PQC) in eukaryotic cells. Interconnectivity between these two pathways has been suggested, but the molecular detail of how they impact each other remains elusive. Proteasomal deubiquitinase (DUB) is an important constituent in the UPS and has proved to be a novel anticancer target. We have previously found that a novel DUB inhibitor, nickel complex NiPT, induces apoptosis in both cultured tumor cell lines and cancer cells from acute myeloid leukemia human patients. In this study, we found that NiPT triggered autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NiPT targets two DUBs, USP14, and UCHL5, and increased the total cellular level of polyubiquitination. Deletion of the Ubiquitin Associated (UBA) domain of P62 that is required for polyubiquitin binding prevented NiPT-induced autophagy. NiPT-induced autophagy is through either concomitant activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, or eliciting endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress by activating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, NiPT could induce more lung cancer cells undergoing apoptosis if it synergistically uses autophagy inhibitors, suggesting that NiPT-induced autophagy protects cancer cell from death. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that autophagy inhibition enhances the anticancer effects of proteasomal DUB inhibitor and might be an effective treatment strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dacai Xu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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99989
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Groeneveldt C, van Hall T, van der Burg SH, Ten Dijke P, van Montfoort N. Immunotherapeutic Potential of TGF-β Inhibition and Oncolytic Viruses. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:406-420. [PMID: 32223932 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In cancer immunotherapy, a patient's own immune system is harnessed against cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors release the brakes on tumor-reactive T cells and, therefore, are particularly effective in treating certain immune-infiltrated solid tumors. By contrast, solid tumors with immune-silent profiles show limited efficacy of checkpoint blockers due to several barriers. Recent discoveries highlight transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced immune exclusion and a lack of immunogenicity as examples of these barriers. In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical evidence that illustrates how the inhibition of TGF-β signaling and the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) can increase the efficacy of immunotherapy, and discuss the promise and challenges of combining these approaches with immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianne Groeneveldt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine van Montfoort
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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99990
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Lescure FX, Bouadma L, Nguyen D, Parisey M, Wicky PH, Behillil S, Gaymard A, Bouscambert-Duchamp M, Donati F, Le Hingrat Q, Enouf V, Houhou-Fidouh N, Valette M, Mailles A, Lucet JC, Mentre F, Duval X, Descamps D, Malvy D, Timsit JF, Lina B, van-der-Werf S, Yazdanpanah Y. Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:697-706. [PMID: 32224310 PMCID: PMC7156120 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 764] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background On Dec 31, 2019, China reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia in people at Wuhan, Hubei Province. The responsible pathogen is a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report the relevant features of the first cases in Europe of confirmed infection, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the first patient diagnosed with the disease on Jan 24, 2020. Methods In this case series, we followed five patients admitted to Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital (Paris, France) and Pellegrin University Hospital (Bordeaux, France) and diagnosed with COVID-19 by semi-quantitative RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. We assessed patterns of clinical disease and viral load from different samples (nasopharyngeal and blood, urine, and stool samples), which were obtained once daily for 3 days from hospital admission, and once every 2 or 3 days until patient discharge. All samples were refrigerated and shipped to laboratories in the National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses (The Institut Pasteur, Paris, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France), where RNA extraction, real-time RT-PCR, and virus isolation and titration procedures were done. Findings The patients were three men (aged 31 years, 48 years, and 80 years) and two women (aged 30 years and 46 years), all of Chinese origin, who had travelled to France from China around mid-January, 2020. Three different clinical evolutions are described: (1) two paucisymptomatic women diagnosed within a day of exhibiting symptoms, with high nasopharyngeal titres of SARS-CoV-2 within the first 24 h of the illness onset (5·2 and 7·4 log10 copies per 1000 cells, respectively) and viral RNA detection in stools; (2) a two-step disease progression in two young men, with a secondary worsening around 10 days after disease onset despite a decreasing viral load in nasopharyngeal samples; and (3) an 80-year-old man with a rapid evolution towards multiple organ failure and a persistent high viral load in lower and upper respiratory tract with systemic virus dissemination and virus detection in plasma. The 80-year-old patient died on day 14 of illness (Feb 14, 2020); all other patients had recovered and been discharged by Feb 19, 2020. Interpretation We illustrated three different clinical and biological types of evolution in five patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 with detailed and comprehensive viral sampling strategy. We believe that these findings will contribute to a better understanding of the natural history of the disease and will contribute to advances in the implementation of more efficient infection control strategies. Funding REACTing (Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Lescure
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lila Bouadma
- Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Parisey
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Paul-Henri Wicky
- Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Behillil
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, CNRS-UMR 3569, The Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Gaymard
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Department of Virology, Infective Agents Institute, North Hospital Network, Lyon, France; Virpath Laboratory, International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS-UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Department of Virology, Infective Agents Institute, North Hospital Network, Lyon, France; Virpath Laboratory, International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS-UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Flora Donati
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, CNRS-UMR 3569, The Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Le Hingrat
- Department of Virology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Enouf
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, CNRS-UMR 3569, The Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Mutualized Platform of Microbiology, Pasteur International Bioresources Network, The Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nadhira Houhou-Fidouh
- Department of Virology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Martine Valette
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Department of Virology, Infective Agents Institute, North Hospital Network, Lyon, France; Virpath Laboratory, International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS-UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Lucet
- Infection Control Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - France Mentre
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Duval
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- Department of Virology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Denis Malvy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Timsit
- Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Department of Virology, Infective Agents Institute, North Hospital Network, Lyon, France; Virpath Laboratory, International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS-UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie van-der-Werf
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, CNRS-UMR 3569, The Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) UMR 1137, University of Paris, Paris, France.
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99991
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Azeem W, Bakke RM, Appel S, Øyan AM, Kalland KH. Dual Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Features of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 32292402 PMCID: PMC7120039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor β-catenin is able to induce tolerogenic/anti-inflammatory features in different types of dendritic cells (DCs). Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) have been widely used in dendritic cell-based cancer therapy, but so far with limited clinical efficacy. We wanted to investigate the hypothesis that aberrant differentiation or induction of dual pro- and anti-inflammatory features may be β-catenin dependent in moDCs. β-catenin was detectable in both immature and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DCs. The β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001 dose-dependently increased the pro-inflammatory signature cytokine IL-12p70 and decreased the anti-inflammatory signature molecule IL-10. The β-catenin activator 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (6-BIO) dose-dependently increased total and nuclear β-catenin, and this was associated with decreased IL-12p70, increased IL-10, and reduced surface expression of activation markers, such as CD80 and CD86, and increased expression of inhibitory markers, such as PD-L1. 6-BIO and ICG-001 competed dose-dependently regarding these features. Genome-wide mRNA expression analyses further underscored the dual development of pro- and anti-inflammatory features of LPS-matured moDCs and suggest a role for β-catenin inhibition in production of more potent therapeutic moDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Azeem
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Maukon Bakke
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silke Appel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Broegelmann Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Margrete Øyan
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl-Henning Kalland
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norway Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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99992
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Messina F, Cecconi F, Rodolfo C. Do You Remember Mitochondria? Front Physiol 2020; 11:271. [PMID: 32292356 PMCID: PMC7119339 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is one among the consequences of aging, and amnesia is often one of the most common symptoms. The lack of memory, as a consequence of both “healthy” aging or neurodegenerative conditions, such as in Alzheimer’s disease, has a dramatic impact on the patient’s lifestyle. In fact, the inability to recall information made by a previous experience could not only alter the interaction with the environment, but also lead to a loss of identity. Mitochondria are key regulators of brain’s activity; thanks to their “dynamic organelles” nature they constantly rearrange in the cell body and move along axons and dendrites, changing in dimension, shape, and location, accordingly to the cell’s energy requirements. Indeed, the energy they can provide is essential to maintain synaptic plasticity and to ensure transmission through presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic spines. Stressful conditions, like the ones found in neurodegenerative diseases, seriously impair mitochondria bioenergetic, leading to both loss of proper neuronal interaction and of neuron themselves. Here, we highlighted the current knowledge about the role of mitochondria and mitochondrial dynamics in relation to neurodegenerative disorders linked to aging. Furthermore, we discuss the obstacles as well as the future perspectives aimed to enlarge our knowledge about mitochondria as target for new therapeutic strategies to slow down aging and neurodegenerative disease’s symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Messina
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlo Rodolfo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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99993
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Peddle CF, Fry LE, McClements ME, MacLaren RE. CRISPR Interference-Potential Application in Retinal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2329. [PMID: 32230903 PMCID: PMC7177328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of dominantly inherited retinal diseases requires silencing of the pathogenic allele. RNA interference to suppress gene expression suffers from wide-spread off-target effects, while CRISPR-mediated gene disruption creates permanent changes in the genome. CRISPR interference uses a catalytically inactive 'dead' Cas9 directed by a guide RNA to block transcription of chosen genes without disrupting the DNA. It is highly specific and potentially reversible, increasing its safety profile as a therapy. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the versatility of CRISPR interference for gene silencing both in vivo and in ex vivo modification of iPSCs for transplantation. Applying CRISPR interference techniques for the treatment of autosomal dominant inherited retinal diseases is promising but there are few in vivo studies to date. This review details how CRISPR interference might be used to treat retinal diseases and addresses potential challenges for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F. Peddle
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (L.E.F.); (M.E.M.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Lewis E. Fry
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (L.E.F.); (M.E.M.); (R.E.M.)
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michelle E. McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (L.E.F.); (M.E.M.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (L.E.F.); (M.E.M.); (R.E.M.)
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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99994
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Tan L, Ijaz U, Salih H, Cheng Z, Ni Win Htet N, Ge Y, Azeem F. Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of MYB Transcription Factor Family in Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040413. [PMID: 32230872 PMCID: PMC7238746 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors (TFs) make up one of the most important TF families in plants. These proteins play crucial roles in processes related to development, metabolism, and stimulus-response; however, very few studies have been reported for the characterization of MYB TFs from banana. The current study identified 305 and 251 MYB genes from Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana, respectively. Comprehensive details of MYBs are reported in terms of gene structure, protein domain, chromosomal localization, phylogeny, and expression patterns. Based on the exon-intron arrangement, these genes were classified into 12 gene models. Phylogenetic analysis of MYBs involving both species of banana, Oryza sativa, and Arabidopsis thaliana distributed these genes into 27 subfamilies. This highlighted not only the conservation, but also the gain/loss of MYBs in banana. Such genes are important candidates for future functional investigations. The MYB genes in both species exhibited a random distribution on chromosomes with variable densities. Estimation of gene duplication events revealed that segmental duplications represented the major factor behind MYB gene family expansion in banana. Expression profiles of MYB genes were also explored for their potential involvement in acetylene response or development. Collectively, the current comprehensive analysis of MYB genes in both species of banana will facilitate future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)-Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (L.T.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (N.N.W.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Usman Ijaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Haron Salih
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)-Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (L.T.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (N.N.W.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhihao Cheng
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)-Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (L.T.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (N.N.W.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Nwe Ni Win Htet
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)-Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (L.T.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (N.N.W.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yu Ge
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)-Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (L.T.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (N.N.W.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)-Hainan Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (L.T.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (N.N.W.H.); (Y.G.)
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Correspondence:
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99995
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Extracellular Protease ADAMTS1 Is Required at Early Stages of Human Uveal Melanoma Development by Inducing Stemness and Endothelial-Like Features on Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040801. [PMID: 32230715 PMCID: PMC7226337 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix remodeling within the tumor microenvironment has been recognized as a relevant dynamic framework during tumor growth. However, research on proteases that trigger this remodeling keeps revealing a wide range of actions including both pro- and anti-tumorigenic. The extracellular protease ADAMTS1 exemplifies this dual role. In this work, we first confirmed a positive correlation of ADAMTS1 with endothelial-like phenotype of human melanoma cells together with the finding of associated signatures, including key genes such as endothelial CDH5. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 approach, we observed that the inhibition of ADAMTS1 in an aggressive uveal melanoma model compromised its endothelial-like properties, and more importantly, caused a robust blockade on the progression of tumor xenografts. Although vasculature emerged affected in ADAMTS1-deficient tumors, the most relevant action implied the downregulation of endothelial CDH5 in tumor cells, in association with stemness markers. Indeed, melanoma sphere assays also revealed a deficient commitment to form spheres in the absence of ADAMTS1, directly correlating with stemness markers and, remarkably, also with CDH5. Finally, taking advantage of advanced bioinformatics tools and available public data of uveal melanomas, we disclosed new prognosis factors, including endothelial elements and ADAMTS proteases. Our findings support the key role of ADAMTS proteases for uveal melanoma development since earlier stages, modulating the complex crosstalk between extracellular matrix and the induction of stemness and endothelial-like features. To our knowledge, this is the first report that supports the development of therapeutic targets on the extracellular matrix to overcome uveal melanoma.
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99996
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Santamaria S. ADAMTS-5: A difficult teenager turning 20. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:4-20. [PMID: 32219922 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS)-5 was identified in 1999 as one of the enzymes responsible for cleaving aggrecan, the major proteoglycan in articular cartilage. Studies in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo have validated ADAMTS-5 as a target in osteoarthritis (OA), a disease characterized by extensive degradation of aggrecan. For this reason, it attracted the interest of many research groups aiming to develop a therapeutic treatment for OA patients. However, ADAMTS-5 proteoglycanase activity is not only involved in the dysregulated aggrecan proteolysis, which occurs in OA, but also in the physiological turnover of other related proteoglycans. In particular, versican, a major ADAMTS-5 substrate, plays an important structural role in heart and blood vessels and its proteolytic processing by ADAMTS-5 must be tightly regulated. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ADAMTS-5, this review looks at the evidence for its detrimental role in OA, as well as its physiological turnover of cardiovascular proteoglycans. Moreover, the other potential functions of this enzyme are highlighted. Finally, challenges and emerging trends in ADAMTS-5 research are discussed.
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99997
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Tools for the analysis of high-dimensional single-cell RNA sequencing data. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:408-421. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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99998
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Do HTT, Bui BP, Sim S, Jung JK, Lee H, Cho J. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Migratory Activities of Isoquinoline-1-Carboxamide Derivatives in LPS-Treated BV2 Microglial Cells via Inhibition of MAPKs/NF-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072319. [PMID: 32230861 PMCID: PMC7177615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven novel isoquinoline-1-carboxamides (HSR1101~1111) were synthesized and evaluated for their effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cell migration in BV2 microglial cells. Three compounds (HSR1101~1103) exhibited the most potent suppression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide (NO), without significant cytotoxicity. Among them, only N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) isoquinoline-1-carboxamide (HSR1101) was found to reverse LPS-suppressed anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, so it was selected for further characterization. HSR1101 attenuated LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Particularly, HSR1101 abated LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB through inhibition of IκB phosphorylation. Furthermore, HSR1101 inhibited LPS-induced cell migration and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK. The specific MAPK inhibitors, U0126, SP600125, and SB203580, suppressed LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory mediators, cell migration, and NF-κB nuclear translocation, indicating that MAPKs may be the upstream kinase of NF-κB signaling. Collectively, these results demonstrate that HSR1101 is a potent and promising compound suppressing LPS-induced inflammation and cell migration in BV2 microglial cells, and that inhibition of the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway mediates its anti-inflammatory and anti-migratory effects. Based on our findings, HSR1101 may have beneficial impacts on various neurodegenerative disorders associated with neuroinflammation and microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thi Thu Do
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Korea; (H.T.T.D.); (B.P.B.)
| | - Bich Phuong Bui
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Korea; (H.T.T.D.); (B.P.B.)
| | - Seongrak Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osong, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (S.S.); (J.-K.J.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osong, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (S.S.); (J.-K.J.)
| | - Heesoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osong, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (S.S.); (J.-K.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Korea; (H.T.T.D.); (B.P.B.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.C.)
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99999
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Pillon MC, Goslen KH, Gordon J, Wells ML, Williams JG, Stanley RE. It takes two (Las1 HEPN endoribonuclease domains) to cut RNA correctly. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5857-5870. [PMID: 32220933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribosome biogenesis factor Las1 is an essential endoribonuclease that is well-conserved across eukaryotes and a newly established member of the higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding (HEPN) domain-containing nuclease family. HEPN nucleases participate in diverse RNA cleavage pathways and share a short HEPN nuclease motif (RφXXXH) important for RNA cleavage. Most HEPN nucleases participate in stress-activated RNA cleavage pathways; Las1 plays a fundamental role in processing pre-rRNA. Underscoring the significance of Las1 function in the cell, mutations in the human LAS1L (LAS1-like) gene have been associated with neurological dysfunction. Two juxtaposed HEPN nuclease motifs create Las1's composite nuclease active site, but the roles of the individual HEPN motif residues are poorly defined. Here using a combination of in vivo experiments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vitro assays, we show that both HEPN nuclease motifs are required for Las1 nuclease activity and fidelity. Through in-depth sequence analysis and systematic mutagenesis, we determined the consensus HEPN motif in the Las1 subfamily and uncovered its canonical and specialized elements. Using reconstituted Las1 HEPN-HEPN' chimeras, we defined the molecular requirements for RNA cleavage. Intriguingly, both copies of the Las1 HEPN motif were important for nuclease function, revealing that both HEPN motifs participate in coordinating the RNA within the Las1 active site. We also established that conformational flexibility of the two HEPN domains is important for proper nuclease function. The results of our work reveal critical information about how dual HEPN domains come together to drive Las1-mediated RNA cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Pillon
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Kevin H Goslen
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Jacob Gordon
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Melissa L Wells
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Jason G Williams
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Robin E Stanley
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
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100000
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Zhou QZ, Fu P, Li SS, Zhang CJ, Yu QY, Qiu CZ, Zhang HB, Zhang Z. A Comparison of Co-expression Networks in Silk Gland Reveals the Causes of Silk Yield Increase During Silkworm Domestication. Front Genet 2020; 11:225. [PMID: 32292415 PMCID: PMC7119365 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term domestication and selective breeding have increased the silk yield of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) by several times the amount of the silk yield of its wild ancestor (Bombyx mandarina). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind the increase in silk yield during domestication. Based on dynamic patterns of functional divergence in the silk gland between domestic and wild silkworms, we found that at early and intermediate stages of silk gland development, the up-regulated genes of the domestic silkworm were mainly involved in DNA integration, nucleic acid binding, and transporter activity, which are related to the division and growth of cells. This has led to the posterior silk gland (PSG) of the domestic silkworm having significantly more cells (“factories” of fibroin protein synthesis) than that of the wild silkworm. At the late stage of silk gland development, the up-regulated genes in the domestic silkworm was enriched in protein processing and ribosome pathways, suggesting protein synthesis efficiency is greatly improved during silkworm domestication. While there was an increase in fibroin protein synthesis, the production of sericin protein was simultaneously reduced in the silk gland of the domestic silkworm. This reflects that domestic and wild silkworms have been under different selection pressures. Importantly, we found that the network co-expressed with the silk-coding genes of the domestic silkworm was larger than that of the wild silkworm. Furthermore, many more genes co-expressed with silk-coding genes in the domestic silkworm were subjected to artificial selection than those in the wild silkworm. Our results revealed that the increase of silk yield during silkworm domestication is involved in improvement of a biological system which includes not only expansion of “factories” (cells of PSG) of protein synthesis, but also a high expression of silk-coding genes and silk production-related genes such as biological energy, transport, and ribosome pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Zhong Zhou
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Postdoctoral Station of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu-Shang Li
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-You Yu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan-Zhen Qiu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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