1051
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Fares J, Fares MY, Fares Y. Natural killer cells in the brain tumor microenvironment: Defining a new era in neuro-oncology. Surg Neurol Int 2019; 10:43. [PMID: 31528381 PMCID: PMC6743677 DOI: 10.25259/sni-97-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL - 60611, United States
| | - Mohamad Y. Fares
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh
| | - Youssef Fares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Beyrouth - 1102 2801, Lebanon
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1052
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Roselli E, Araya P, Núñez NG, Gatti G, Graziano F, Sedlik C, Benaroch P, Piaggio E, Maccioni M. TLR3 Activation of Intratumoral CD103 + Dendritic Cells Modifies the Tumor Infiltrate Conferring Anti-tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:503. [PMID: 30949170 PMCID: PMC6435583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in cancer immunotherapy is to expand the number of patients that benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (CI), a fact that has been related to the pre-existence of an efficient anti-tumor immune response. Different strategies are being proposed to promote tumor immunity and to be used in combined therapies with CI. Recently, we reported that intratumoral administration of naked poly A:U, a dsRNA mimetic empirically used in early clinical trials with some success, delays tumor growth and prolongs mice survival in several murine cancer models. Here, we show that CD103+ cDC1 and, to a much lesser extent CD11b+ cDC2, are the only populations expressing TLR3 at the tumor site, and consequently could be potential targets of poly A:U. Upon poly A:U administration these cells become activated and elicit profound changes in the composition of the tumor immune infiltrate, switching the immune suppressive tumor environment to anti-tumor immunity. The sole administration of naked poly A:U promotes striking changes within the lymphoid compartment, with all the anti-tumoral parameters being enhanced: a higher frequency of CD8+ Granzyme B+ T cells, (lower Treg/CD8+ ratio) and an important expansion of tumor-antigen specific CD8+ T cells. Also, PD1/PDL1 showed an increased expression indicating that neutralization of this axis could be exploited in combination with poly A:U. Our results shed new light to promote further assays in this dsRNA mimetic to the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Roselli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Araya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | - Gerardo Gatti
- Fundación para el Progreso de la Medicina, Laboratorio de Investigación en Cáncer, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Maccioni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
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1053
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Innate lymphoid cells: A potential link between microbiota and immune responses against cancer. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101271. [PMID: 30902413 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays a crucial role in anti-tumor surveillance. Enhancement of T cell responses through checkpoint blockade has become a major therapeutic avenue of intervention for several tumors. Because it shapes immune responses and regulates their amplitude and duration, the microbiota has a substantial impact on anti-tumor immunity. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes devoid of antigen-specific receptors that mirror T helper cells in their ability to secrete cytokines that activate immune responses. Ongoing studies suggest that ILCs contribute to anti-tumor responses. Moreover, since ILCs are present at barrier surfaces, they are stimulated by the microbiota and, reciprocally, influence the composition of the microbiota by regulating the surface barrier microenvironment. Thus, ILC-microbiota cross-talk may in part underpin the effects of the microbiota on anti-tumor responses. In this article, we review current evidence linking ILCs to cancer and discuss the potential impact of ILC-microbiota cross-talk in anti-tumor immune responses.
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1054
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Mi S, Liu Z, Du Z, Yi X, Sun W. Three‐dimensional microfluidic tumor–macrophage system for breast cancer cell invasion. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1731-1741. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Mi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen P.R. China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen P.R. China
| | - Zhichang Du
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Yi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringDrexel UniversityPhiladelphia Pennsylvania
- Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteShenzhen P.R. China
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1055
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Size Matters: The Functional Role of the CEACAM1 Isoform Signature and Its Impact for NK Cell-Mediated Killing in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030356. [PMID: 30871206 PMCID: PMC6468645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and treatment resistant type of skin cancer. It is characterized by continuously rising incidence and high mortality rate due to its high metastatic potential. Various types of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in tumor progression in melanoma. One of these, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), is a multi-functional receptor protein potentially expressed in epithelia, endothelia, and leukocytes. CEACAM1 often appears in four isoforms differing in the length of their extracellular and intracellular domains. Both the CEACAM1 expression in general, and the ratio of the expressed CEACAM1 splice variants appear very dynamic. They depend on both the cell activation stage and the cell growth phase. Interestingly, normal melanocytes are negative for CEACAM1, while melanomas often show high expression. As a cell–cell communication molecule, CEACAM1 mediates the direct interaction between tumor and immune cells. In the tumor cell this interaction leads to functional inhibitions, and indirectly to decreased cancer cell immunogenicity by down-regulation of ligands of the NKG2D receptor. On natural killer (NK) cells it inhibits NKG2D-mediated cytolysis and signaling. This review focuses on novel mechanistic insights into CEACAM1 isoforms for NK cell-mediated immune escape mechanisms in melanoma, and their clinical relevance in patients suffering from malignant melanoma.
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1056
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Ali A, Gyurova IE, Waggoner SN. Mutually assured destruction: the cold war between viruses and natural killer cells. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 34:130-139. [PMID: 30877885 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a multitude of antiviral roles that are significant enough to provoke viral counterefforts to subvert their activity. As innate lymphocytes, NK cells provide a rapid source of pro-inflammatory antiviral cytokines and bring to bear cytolytic activities that are collectively meant to constrain viral replication and dissemination. Additionally, NK cells participate in adaptive immunity both by shaping virus-specific T-cell responses and by developing adaptive features themselves, including enhanced antibody-dependent effector functions. The relative importance of different functional activities of NK cells are poorly understood, thereby obfuscating clinical use of these cells. Here we focus on opposing efforts of NK cells and viruses to gain tactical superiority during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Ali
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Immunology Graduate Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Ivayla E Gyurova
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Immunology Graduate Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
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1057
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Tugues S, Ducimetiere L, Friebel E, Becher B. Innate lymphoid cells as regulators of the tumor microenvironment. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101270. [PMID: 30871769 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As crucial players in innate immunity, Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) have been distinctly associated with either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting activities. This dichotomy arises from the high degree of heterogeneity and plasticity between the ILC family subsets. Also, the tissue microenvironment is crucial for the function of ILCs. Especially within the tumor niche, each of the ILC subsets participates in a complex network of interactions with other cells and molecules. Although extensive research has unraveled several aspects of the crosstalk ILCs establish with the tumor microenvironment (TME), numerous questions remain to be answered. Here, we will discuss a role for the different ILC subsets that goes beyond their direct effects on the tumor cells. Instead, we will highlight the ability of ILCs to communicate with the surrounding milieu and the impact this has on tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Ducimetiere
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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1058
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Yam AO, Chtanova T. The Ins and Outs of Chemokine-Mediated Immune Cell Trafficking in Skin Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:386. [PMID: 30899263 PMCID: PMC6416210 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of the patterns of chemokine-mediated immune cell recruitment into solid tumors have enhanced our understanding of the role played by various immune cell subsets both in amplifying and inhibiting tumor cell growth and spread. Here we discuss how the chemokine/chemokine receptor networks bring together immune cells within the microenvironment of skin tumors, particularly melanomas, including their effect on disease progression, prognosis and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O. Yam
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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1059
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Vilgelm AE, Richmond A. Chemokines Modulate Immune Surveillance in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and Response to Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:333. [PMID: 30873179 PMCID: PMC6400988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small secreted proteins that orchestrate migration and positioning of immune cells within the tissues. Chemokines are essential for the function of the immune system. Accumulating evidence suggest that chemokines play important roles in tumor microenvironment. In this review we discuss an association of chemokine expression and activity within the tumor microenvironment with cancer outcome. We summarize regulation of immune cell recruitment into the tumor by chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions and describe evidence implicating chemokines in promotion of the "inflamed" immune-cell enriched tumor microenvironment. We review both tumor-promoting function of chemokines, such as regulation of tumor metastasis, and beneficial chemokine roles, including stimulation of anti-tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic strategies target tumor-promoting chemokines or induce/deliver beneficial chemokines within the tumor focusing on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials going forward. The goal of this review is to provide insight into comprehensive role of chemokines and their receptors in tumor pathobiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Vilgelm
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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1060
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Trefny MP, Rothschild SI, Uhlenbrock F, Rieder D, Kasenda B, Stanczak MA, Berner F, Kashyap AS, Kaiser M, Herzig P, Poechtrager S, Thommen DS, Geier F, Savic S, Jermann P, Alborelli I, Schaub S, Stenner F, Früh M, Trajanoski Z, Flatz L, Mertz KD, Zippelius A, Läubli H. A Variant of a Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Is Associated with Resistance to PD-1 Blockade in Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3026-3034. [PMID: 30765392 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PD-(L)1-blocking antibodies have clinical activity in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mediate durable tumor remissions. However, the majority of patients are resistant to PD-(L)1 blockade. Understanding mechanisms of primary resistance may allow prediction of clinical response and identification of new targetable pathways. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 35 patients with NSCLC receiving nivolumab monotherapy. Cellular changes, cytokine levels, gene expression, and polymorphisms were compared between responders and nonresponders to treatment. Findings were confirmed in additional cohorts of patients with NSCLC receiving immune checkpoint blockade. RESULTS We identified a genetic variant of a killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) KIR3DS1 that is associated with primary resistance to PD-1 blockade in patients with NSCLC. This association could be confirmed in independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC. In a multivariate analysis of the pooled cohort of 135 patients, the progression-free survival was significantly associated with presence of the KIR3DS1 allele (HR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.68; P = 0.017). No relationship was seen in cohorts of patients with NSCLC who did not receive immunotherapy. Cellular assays from patients before and during PD-1 blockade showed that resistance may be due to NK-cell dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS We identified an association of the KIR3DS1 allelic variant with response to PD-1-targeted immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC. This finding links NK cells with response to PD-1 therapy. Although the findings are interesting, a larger analysis in a randomized trial will be needed to confirm KIRs as predictive markers for response to PD-1-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel P Trefny
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sacha I Rothschild
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Uhlenbrock
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Rieder
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin Kasenda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal A Stanczak
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fiamma Berner
- Institute of Immunobiology and Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek S Kashyap
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Kaiser
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Herzig
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniela S Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Geier
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Bioinformatics, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Spasenija Savic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Jermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Alborelli
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schaub
- HLA-Diagnostic & Immunogenetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Stenner
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Früh
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology and Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Alfred Zippelius
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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1061
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Cancel JC, Crozat K, Dalod M, Mattiuz R. Are Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells Critical for Protective Antitumor Immunity and How? Front Immunol 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 30809220 PMCID: PMC6379659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are endowed with a unique potency to prime T cells, as well as to orchestrate their expansion, functional polarization and effector activity in non-lymphoid tissues or in their draining lymph nodes. The concept of harnessing DC immunogenicity to induce protective responses in cancer patients was put forward about 25 years ago and has led to a multitude of DC-based vaccine trials. However, until very recently, objective clinical responses were below expectations. Conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1) excel in the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes including CD8+ T cells (CTLs), natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells, which are all critical effector cell types in antitumor immunity. Efforts to investigate whether cDC1 might orchestrate immune defenses against cancer are ongoing, thanks to the recent blossoming of tools allowing their manipulation in vivo. Here we are reporting on these studies. We discuss the mouse models used to genetically deplete or manipulate cDC1, and their main caveats. We present current knowledge on the role of cDC1 in the spontaneous immune rejection of tumors engrafted in syngeneic mouse recipients, as a surrogate model to cancer immunosurveillance, and how this process is promoted by type I interferon (IFN-I) effects on cDC1. We also discuss cDC1 implication in promoting the protective effects of immunotherapies in mouse preclinical models, especially for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and immune checkpoint blockers (ICB). We elaborate on how to improve this process by in vivo reprogramming of certain cDC1 functions with off-the-shelf compounds. We also summarize and discuss basic research and clinical data supporting the hypothesis that the protective antitumor functions of cDC1 inferred from mouse preclinical models are conserved in humans. This analysis supports potential applicability to cancer patients of the cDC1-targeting adjuvant immunotherapies showing promising results in mouse models. Nonetheless, further investigations on cDC1 and their implications in anti-cancer mechanisms are needed to determine whether they are the missing key that will ultimately help switching cold tumors into therapeutically responsive hot tumors, and how precisely they mediate their protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Cancel
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Crozat
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaël Mattiuz
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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1062
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Bonaventura P, Shekarian T, Alcazer V, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Valsesia-Wittmann S, Amigorena S, Caux C, Depil S. Cold Tumors: A Therapeutic Challenge for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:168. [PMID: 30800125 PMCID: PMC6376112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints (ICPs) have changed the treatment landscape of many tumors. However, response rate remains relatively low in most cases. A major factor involved in initial resistance to ICP inhibitors is the lack or paucity of tumor T cell infiltration, characterizing the so-called “cold tumors.” In this review, we describe the main mechanisms involved in the absence of T cell infiltration, including lack of tumor antigens, defect in antigen presentation, absence of T cell activation and deficit of homing into the tumor bed. We discuss then the different therapeutic approaches that could turn cold into hot tumors. In this way, specific therapies are proposed according to their mechanism of action. In addition, ‘‘supra-physiological’’ therapies, such as T cell recruiting bispecific antibodies and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, may be active regardless of the mechanism involved, especially in MHC class I negative tumors. The determination of the main factors implicated in the lack of preexisting tumor T cell infiltration is crucial for the development of adapted algorithms of treatments for cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonaventura
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tala Shekarian
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Alcazer
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Sandrine Valsesia-Wittmann
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Christophe Caux
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Depil
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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1063
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Warner K, Ohashi PS. ILC regulation of T cell responses in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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1064
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Ramakrishnan S, Granger V, Rak M, Hu Q, Attwood K, Aquila L, Krishnan N, Osiecki R, Azabdaftari G, Guru K, Chatta G, Gueron G, McNally L, Ohm J, Wang J, Woloszynska A. Inhibition of EZH2 induces NK cell-mediated differentiation and death in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2100-2114. [PMID: 30692641 PMCID: PMC6748105 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) and members of the Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) family are known to counteract the activity of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), which is often overexpressed and is associated with poor prognosis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Here we provide evidence that alterations in chromatin modifying enzymes, including KDM6A and members of the SWI/SNF complex, are frequent in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We exploit the loss of function mutations in KDM6A and SWI/SNF complex to make bladder cancer cells susceptible to EZH2-based epigenetic therapy that activates an immune response to drive tumor cell differentiation and death. We reveal a novel mechanism of action of EZH2 inhibition, alone and in combination with cisplatin, which induces immune signaling with the largest changes observed in interferon gamma (IFN-γ). This upregulation is a result of activated natural killer (NK) signaling as demonstrated by the increase in NK cell-associated genes MIP-1α, ICAM1, ICAM2, and CD86 in xenografts treated with EZH2 inhibitors. Conversely, EZH2 inhibition results in decreased expression of pluripotency markers, ALDH2 and CK5, and increased cell death. Our results reveal a novel sensitivity of muscle-invasive bladder cancer cells with KMD6A and SWI/SNF mutations to EZH2 inhibition alone and in combination with cisplatin. This sensitivity is mediated through increased NK cell-related signaling resulting in tumor cell differentiation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Victoria Granger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Monika Rak
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007, Krakow, Poland
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics and BioStatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Lanni Aquila
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Nithya Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | | | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Gurkamal Chatta
- Department of Medicine-GU Center, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Geraldine Gueron
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Intendente Guiraldes 2160, CABA, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lacey McNally
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Joyce Ohm
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and BioStatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Anna Woloszynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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1065
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Ren F, Zhao Q, Huang L, Zheng Y, Li L, He Q, Zhang C, Li F, Maimela NR, Sun Z, Jia Q, Ping Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, Yue Y, Liu S, Cao L, Zhang Y. The R132H mutation in
IDH
1 promotes the recruitment of
NK
cells through
CX
3
CL
1/
CX
3
CR
1 chemotaxis and is correlated with a better prognosis in gliomas. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:457-469. [PMID: 30575118 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Qitai Zhao
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Qianyi He
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Nomathamsanqa R Maimela
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Qingquan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Ying Yue
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- The No. 7 People's Hospital of Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Ling Cao
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Cancer Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
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1066
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Cheng WC, Tsui YC, Ragusa S, Koelzer VH, Mina M, Franco F, Läubli H, Tschumi B, Speiser D, Romero P, Zippelius A, Petrova TV, Mertz K, Ciriello G, Ho PC. Uncoupling protein 2 reprograms the tumor microenvironment to support the anti-tumor immune cycle. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:206-217. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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1067
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Chanier T, Chames P. Nanobody Engineering: Toward Next Generation Immunotherapies and Immunoimaging of Cancer. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E13. [PMID: 31544819 PMCID: PMC6640690 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, cancer immunotherapies have produced impressive therapeutic results. However, the potency of immunotherapy is tightly linked to immune cell infiltration within the tumor and varies from patient to patient. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to monitor and modulate the tumor immune infiltrate for an efficient diagnosis and therapy. Various bispecific approaches are being developed to favor immune cell infiltration through specific tumor targeting. The discovery of antibodies devoid of light chains in camelids has spurred the development of single domain antibodies (also called VHH or nanobody), allowing for an increased diversity of multispecific and/or multivalent formats of relatively small sizes endowed with high tissue penetration. The small size of nanobodies is also an asset leading to high contrasts for non-invasive imaging. The approval of the first therapeutic nanobody directed against the von Willebrand factor for the treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocypenic purpura (Caplacizumab, Ablynx), is expected to bolster the rise of these innovative molecules. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in the development of nanobodies and nanobody-derived molecules for use in cancer immunotherapy and immunoimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Chanier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, 13009 Marseille, France.
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1068
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Wennerberg E, Galluzzi L. Born to Kill: NK Cells Go to War against Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:143-145. [PMID: 30898260 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical data emerging over the past year demonstrate that cancer cells suppress the cytotoxic functions of natural killer cells by a variety of mechanisms. These findings reveal a new arsenal of actionable therapeutic targets to drive clinically relevant immune responses against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wennerberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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1069
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Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Cursons J, Huntington ND. The Emergence of Natural Killer Cells as a Major Target in Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:142-158. [PMID: 30639050 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune 'checkpoint' inhibitors can increase the activity of tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes and have revolutionized cancer treatment. Current therapies block inhibitory pathways in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and recent studies have shown similar programs in other effector populations such as natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are critical for immunosurveillance, particularly the control of metastatic cells or hematological cancers. However, how NK cells specifically recognize transformed cells and dominant negative feedback pathways, as well as how tumors escape NK cell control, remains undefined. This review summarizes recent advances that have illuminated inhibitory checkpoints in NK cells, some of which are shared with conventional cytotoxic T lymphocytes. It also outlines emerging approaches aimed at unleashing the potential of NK cells in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Joseph Cursons
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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1070
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Theisen DJ, Ferris ST, Briseño CG, Kretzer N, Iwata A, Murphy KM, Murphy TL. Batf3-Dependent Genes Control Tumor Rejection Induced by Dendritic Cells Independently of Cross-Presentation. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:29-39. [PMID: 30482745 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The BATF3-dependent cDC1 lineage of conventional dendritic cells (cDC) is required for rejection of immunogenic sarcomas and for rejection of progressive sarcomas during checkpoint blockade therapy. One unique function of the cDC1 lineage is the efficient cross-presentation of tumor-derived neoantigens to CD8+ T cells, but it is not clear that this is the only unique function of cDC1 required for tumor rejection. We previously showed that BATF3 functions during cDC1 lineage commitment to maintain IRF8 expression in the specified cDC1 progenitor. However, since cDC1 progenitors do not develop into mature cDC1s in Batf3 -/- mice, it is still unclear whether BATF3 has additional functions in mature cDC1 cells. A transgenic Irf8-Venus reporter allele increases IRF8 protein concentration sufficiently to allow autonomous cDC1 development in spleens of Batf3 -/- mice. These restored Batf3 -/- cDC1s are transcriptionally similar to control wild-type cDC1s but have reduced expression of a restricted set of cDC1-specific genes. Restored Batf3 -/- cDC1s are able to cross-present cell-associated antigens both in vitro and in vivo However, Batf3 -/- cDC1 exhibit altered characteristics in vivo and are unable to mediate tumor rejection. These results show that BATF3, in addition to regulating Irf8 expression to stabilize cDC1 lineage commitment, also controls expression of a small set of genes required for cDC1-mediated tumor rejection. These BATF3-regulated genes may be useful targets in immunotherapies aimed at promoting tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Theisen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen T Ferris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carlos G Briseño
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole Kretzer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Arifumi Iwata
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Theresa L Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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1071
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Roato I, Vitale M. The Uncovered Role of Immune Cells and NK Cells in the Regulation of Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:145. [PMID: 30930851 PMCID: PMC6423901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the main metastatic sites of solid tumors like breast, lung, and prostate cancer. Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent the main target to counteract bone metastatization. These cells often localize in bone marrow (BM) at level of pre-metastatic niche: they can remain dormant for years or directly grow and create bone lesion, according to the different stimulations received in BM. The immune system in bone marrow is dampened and represents an appealing site for DTCs/CSCs. NK cells have an important role in controlling tumor progression, but their involvement in bone metastasis formation is an interesting and not fully investigated issue. Indeed, whether NK cells can interfere with CSC formation, kill them at the site of primary tumor, during circulation or in the pre-metastic niche needs to be elucidated. This review focuses on different aspects that regulate DTC/CSC life in bone and how NK cells potentially control bone metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Roato
- Center for Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ilaria Roato
| | - Massimo Vitale
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genoa, Italy
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1072
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杨 超, 金 静, 邓 刘. 肿瘤微环境内DC细胞亚型和成熟流式检测方法. Bio Protoc 2019. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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1073
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Interplay between dendritic cells and cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:179-215. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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1074
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NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010029. [PMID: 30597841 PMCID: PMC6357056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis represents the leading cause of cancer-related death mainly owing to the limited efficacy of current anticancer therapies on advanced malignancies. Although immunotherapy is rendering promising results in the treatment of cancer, many adverse events and factors hampering therapeutic efficacy, especially in solid tumors and metastases, still need to be solved. Moreover, immunotherapeutic strategies have mainly focused on modulating the activity of T cells, while Natural Killer (NK) cells have only recently been taken into consideration. NK cells represent an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy owing to their innate capacity to eliminate malignant tumors in a non-Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and non-tumor antigen-restricted manner. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms and efficacy of NK cells in the control of metastasis and we detail the immunosubversive strategies developed by metastatic cells to evade NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. We also share current and cutting-edge clinical approaches aimed at unleashing the full anti-metastatic potential of NK cells, including the adoptive transfer of NK cells, boosting of NK cell activity, redirecting NK cell activity against metastatic cells and the release of evasion mechanisms dampening NK cell immunosurveillance.
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1075
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Wang X, Cohen L, Wang J, Walt DR. Competitive Immunoassays for the Detection of Small Molecules Using Single Molecule Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:18132-18139. [PMID: 30495929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule detection is important for many applications including clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, and measurements of environmental samples and agricultural products. Current techniques for small-molecule detection suffer from various limitations including low analytical sensitivity and complex sample processing. Furthermore, as a result of their small size, small molecules are difficult to detect using an antibody pair in a traditional sandwich assay format. To overcome these limitations, we developed an ultrasensitive competitive immunoassay for small-molecule detection using Single Molecule Arrays (Simoa). We show that the competitive Simoa assay is approximately 50-fold more sensitive than the conventional ELISA. We performed theoretical calculations to determine the factors that influence the sensitivity of competitive Simoa assays and used them to achieve maximal sensitivity. We also demonstrate detection of small molecules in complex biological samples. We show that the competitive Simoa assay is a simple, fast, and highly sensitive approach for ultrasensitive detection of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Limor Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 211816 , China
| | - David R Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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1076
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Muntasell A, Rojo F, Servitja S, Rubio-Perez C, Cabo M, Tamborero D, Costa-García M, Martínez-Garcia M, Menéndez S, Vazquez I, Lluch A, Gonzalez-Perez A, Rovira A, López-Botet M, Albanell J. NK Cell Infiltrates and HLA Class I Expression in Primary HER2 + Breast Cancer Predict and Uncouple Pathological Response and Disease-free Survival. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1535-1545. [PMID: 30523021 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the value of tumor-infiltrating NK (TI-NK) cells and HLA class I tumor expression as biomarkers of response to neoadjuvant anti-HER2 antibody-based treatment in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TI-NK cells and HLA-I were determined by IHC in pretreatment tumor biopsies from two cohorts of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer [discovery cohort (n = 42) and validation cohort (n = 71)]. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were scored according to international guidelines. Biomarker association with pathologic complete response (pCR) and disease-free survival (DFS) was adjusted for prognostic factors. Gene set variation analysis was used for determining immune cell populations concomitant to NK-cell enrichment in HER2-positive tumors from the Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 190). RESULTS TI-NK cells were significantly associated with pCR in the discovery cohort as well as in the validation cohort (P < 0.0001), independently of clinicopathologic factors. A ≥3 TI-NK cells/50x high-power field (HPF) cutoff predicted pCR in the discovery and validation cohort [OR, 188 (11-3154); OR, 19.5 (5.3-71.8)]. Presence of TI-NK cells associated with prolonged DFS in both patient cohorts [HR, 0.07 (0.01-0.6); P = 0.01; HR, 0.3 (0.08-1.3); P = 0.1]. NK-, activated dendritic- and CD8 T-cell gene expression signatures positively correlated in HER2-positive tumors, supporting the value of NK cells as surrogates of effective antitumor immunity. Stratification of patients by tumor HLA-I expression identified patients with low and high relapse risk independently of pCR. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies baseline TI-NK cells as an independent biomarker with great predictive value for pCR to anti-HER2 antibody-based treatment and points to the complementary value of tumor HLA-I status for defining patient prognosis independently of pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Muntasell
- Immunity and Infection Lab, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Federico Rojo
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, IIS 'Fundación Jiménez Diaz', Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Servitja
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Rubio-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Cabo
- Immunity and Infection Lab, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Tamborero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - María Martínez-Garcia
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Menéndez
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivonne Vazquez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clinico de Valencia-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abel Gonzalez-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- Immunity and Infection Lab, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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1077
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Mattiuz R, Wohn C, Ghilas S, Ambrosini M, Alexandre YO, Sanchez C, Fries A, Vu Manh TP, Malissen B, Dalod M, Crozat K. Novel Cre-Expressing Mouse Strains Permitting to Selectively Track and Edit Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cells Facilitate Disentangling Their Complexity in vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2805. [PMID: 30564233 PMCID: PMC6288293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1) excel in the cross-priming of CD8+ T cells, which is crucial for orchestrating efficient immune responses against viruses or tumors. However, our understanding of their physiological functions and molecular regulation has been limited by the lack of proper mutant mouse models allowing their conditional genetic targeting. Because the Xcr1 and A530099j19rik (Karma/Gpr141b) genes belong to the core transcriptomic fingerprint of mouse cDC1, we used them to engineer two novel Cre-driver lines, the Xcr1Cre and KarmaCre mice, by knocking in an IRES-Cre expression cassette into their 3′-UTR. We used genetic tracing to characterize the specificity and efficiency of these new models in several lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, and compared them to the Clec9aCre mouse model, which targets the immediate precursors of cDCs. Amongst the three Cre-driver mouse models examined, the Xcr1Cre model was the most efficient and specific for the fate mapping of all cDC1, regardless of the tissues examined. The KarmaCre model was rather specific for cDC1 when compared with the Clec9aCre mouse, but less efficient than the Xcr1Cre model. Unexpectedly, the Xcr1Cre model targeted a small fraction of CD4+ T cells, and the KarmaCre model a significant proportion of mast cells in the skin. Importantly, the targeting specificity of these two mouse models was not changed upon inflammation. A high frequency of germline recombination was observed solely in the Xcr1Cre mouse model when both the Cre and the floxed alleles were brought by the same gamete irrespective of its gender. Xcr1, Karma, and Clec9a being differentially expressed within the cDC1 population, the three CRE-driver lines examined showed distinct recombination patterns in cDC1 phenotypic subsets. This advances our understanding of cDC1 subset heterogeneity and the differentiation trajectory of these cells. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, upon informed use, the Xcr1Cre and KarmaCre mouse models represent the best tools currently reported to specifically and faithfully target cDC1 in vivo, both at steady state and upon inflammation. Future use of these mutant mouse models will undoubtedly boost our understanding of the biology of cDC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Mattiuz
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Wohn
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Sonia Ghilas
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Ambrosini
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Cindy Sanchez
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Anissa Fries
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Crozat
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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1078
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Beck J, Birtel M, Reidenbach D, Salomon N, Diken M. CIMT 2018: Pushing frontiers in cancer immunotherapy — Report on the 16 th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2864-2873. [PMID: 30111232 PMCID: PMC6343606 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1504526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The 16th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy (CIMT), Europe’s largest meeting series of its kind, took place in Mainz, Germany from 15–17 May, 2018. Cutting-edge advancements in cancer immunotherapy were discussed among more than 700 scientists under the motto “Pushing Frontiers in Cancer Immunotherapy”. This meeting report is a summary of some of the CIMT 2018 highlights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Beck
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Birtel
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Reidenbach
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Salomon
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
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1079
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Sánchez-Paulete AR, Teijeira Á, Quetglas JI, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME, Sánchez-Arráez Á, Labiano S, Etxeberria I, Azpilikueta A, Bolaños E, Ballesteros-Briones MC, Casares N, Quezada SA, Berraondo P, Sancho D, Smerdou C, Melero I. Intratumoral Immunotherapy with XCL1 and sFlt3L Encoded in Recombinant Semliki Forest Virus-Derived Vectors Fosters Dendritic Cell-Mediated T-cell Cross-Priming. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6643-6654. [PMID: 30297531 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
: Multiple lines of evidence indicate a critical role of antigen cross-presentation by conventional BATF3-dependent type 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1) in CD8-mediated antitumor immunity. Flt3L and XCL1, respectively, constitute a key growth/differentiation factor and a potent and specific chemoattractant for cDC1. To exploit their antitumor functions in local immunotherapy, we prepared Semliki Forest Virus (SFV)-based vectors encoding XCL1 and soluble Flt3L (sFlt3L). These vectors readily conferred transgene expression to the tumor cells in culture and when engrafted as subcutaneous mouse tumor models. In syngeneic mice, intratumoral injection of SFV-XCL1-sFlt3L (SFV-XF) delayed progression of MC38- and B16-derived tumors. Therapeutic activity was observed and exerted additive effects in combination with anti-PD-1, anti-CD137, or CTLA-4 immunostimulatory mAbs. Therapeutic effects were abolished by CD8β T-cell depletion and were enhanced by CD4 T-cell depletion, but not by T regulatory cell predepletion with anti-CD25 mAb. Antitumor effects were also abolished in BATF3- and IFNAR-deficient mice. In B16-OVA tumors, SFV-XF increased the number of infiltrating CD8 T cells, including those recognizing OVA. Consistently, following the intratumoral SFV-XF treatment courses, we observed increased BATF3-dependent cDC1 among B16-OVA tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Such an intratumoral increase was not seen in MC38-derived tumors, but both resident and migratory cDC1 were boosted in SFV-XF-treated MC38 tumor-draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, viral gene transfer of sFlt3L and XCL1 is feasible, safe, and biologically active in mice, exerting antitumor effects that can be potentiated by CD4 T-cell depletion. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that transgenic expression of sFLT3L and XCL1 in tumor cells mediates cross-priming of, and elicits potent antitumor activity from, CD8 T lymphocytes, particularly in combination with CD4 T-cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso R Sánchez-Paulete
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - José I Quetglas
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María E Rodríguez-Ruiz
- University Clinic, University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sánchez-Arráez
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Labiano
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Etxeberria
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cristina Ballesteros-Briones
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- University Clinic, University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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1080
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Steinbach K, Vincenti I, Merkler D. Resident-Memory T Cells in Tissue-Restricted Immune Responses: For Better or Worse? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2827. [PMID: 30555489 PMCID: PMC6284001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident-memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) have been described as a non-circulating memory T cell subset that persists at sites of previous infection. While TRM in all non-lymphoid organs probably share a core signature differentiation pathway, certain aspects of their maintenance and effector functions may vary. It is well-established that TRM provide long-lived protective immunity through immediate effector function and accelerated recruitment of circulating immune cells. Besides immune defense against pathogens, other immunological roles of TRM are less well-studied. Likewise, evidence of a putative detrimental role of TRM for inflammatory diseases is only beginning to emerge. In this review, we discuss the protective and harmful role of TRM in organ-specific immunity and immunopathology as well as prospective implications for immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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1081
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Mazzaschi G, Facchinetti F, Missale G, Canetti D, Madeddu D, Zecca A, Veneziani M, Gelsomino F, Goldoni M, Buti S, Bordi P, Aversa F, Ardizzoni A, Quaini F, Tiseo M. The circulating pool of functionally competent NK and CD8+ cells predicts the outcome of anti-PD1 treatment in advanced NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2018; 127:153-163. [PMID: 30642544 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A prospective investigation of the circulating immune profile in NSCLC patients receiving nivolumab was performed to identify potentially predictive parameters. METHODS Flow Cytometry of peripheral blood (PB) CD3+, CD8+, CD4+, NK, Treg and MDSCs was prospectively performed in 31 consecutive advanced NSCLC patients at baseline (T0) and after 2 (T1) and 4 (T2) cycles of bi-weekly nivolumab. Functional molecules (PD-1, CD3ζ, Granzyme B, Perforin), cell proliferation (Ki67) and NK receptors (NKG2 A, NKG2D, NKp30) were also explored. The immunohistochemical evaluation of PD-L1 and TILs was restricted to available tumor biopsies. Tissue and circulating parameters were correlated to clinico-pathological features and treatment outcomes. RESULTS KRAS mutations, active smoking, COPD and steroid treatment conditioned a different distribution of circulating phenotypes. At baseline, clinical benefit (CB, n = 19) group displayed higher number of phenotypically active NK and PD-1+CD8+ cells (p < 0.01) compared to non-responders (NR, n = 12). Prolonged survival outcomes (p < 0.01) were recorded in cases with high baseline circulating NK and PD-1+CD8+ cells. At tissue level, low PD-1 expression in CD8 + TILs was a positive prognostic feature (p < 0.001). Strikingly, high circulating NK and PD-1+CD8+ cells combined with low PD-1/CD8+ ratio in TILs characterized a privileged context able to provide a significantly prolonged (p < 0.01) progression-free survival (PFS). During PD-1 blockade, NKs progressively raised in CB while declined in NR (p < 0.05) and this phenomenon was counterbalanced by parallel changes in Treg. CONCLUSION The functional pool of circulating NKs associated with a divergent PD-1 expression in blood and tissue CD8+ lymphocytes portrays an immune profile predictive of anti-PD1 treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mazzaschi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Facchinetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Diana Canetti
- Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Denise Madeddu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zecca
- Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Michele Veneziani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Pietro Albertoni, 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Goldoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Statistics, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Buti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Paola Bordi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Franco Aversa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Pietro Albertoni, 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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1082
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Vacca P, Munari E, Tumino N, Moretta F, Pietra G, Vitale M, Del Zotto G, Mariotti FR, Mingari MC, Moretta L. Human natural killer cells and other innate lymphoid cells in cancer: Friends or foes? Immunol Lett 2018; 201:14-19. [PMID: 30439479 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) including NK cells (cytotoxic) and the recently identified "helper" ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, play an important role in innate defenses against pathogens. Notably, they mirror analogous T cell subsets, regarding the pattern of cytokine produced, while the timing of their intervention is few hours vs days required for T cell-mediated adaptive responses. On the other hand, the effectiveness of ILC in anti-tumor defenses is controversial. The relevance of NK cells in the control of tumor growth and metastasis has been well documented and they have been exploited in the therapy of high risk leukemia in the haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation setting. In contrast, the actual involvement of helper ILCs remains contradictory. Thus, while certain functional capabilities of ILC1 and ILC3 may favor anti-tumor responses, other functions could rather favor tumor growth, neo-angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. In addition, ILC2, by secreting type-2 cytokines, are thought to induce a prevalent pro-tumorigenic effect. Finally, the function of both NK cells and helper ILCs may be inhibited by the tumor microenvironment, thus adding further complexity to the interplay between ILC and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- UOC Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) and Centre of Exellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Vitale
- UOC Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Genny Del Zotto
- Department of Research and Diagnostics, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- UOC Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) and Centre of Exellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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1083
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High-Dimensional Single-Cell Analysis Identifies Organ-Specific Signatures and Conserved NK Cell Subsets in Humans and Mice. Immunity 2018; 49:971-986.e5. [PMID: 30413361 PMCID: PMC6269138 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) involved in antimicrobial and antitumoral responses. Several NK cell subsets have been reported in humans and mice, but their heterogeneity across organs and species remains poorly characterized. We assessed the diversity of human and mouse NK cells by single-cell RNA sequencing on thousands of individual cells isolated from spleen and blood. Unbiased transcriptional clustering revealed two distinct signatures differentiating between splenic and blood NK cells. This analysis at single-cell resolution identified three subpopulations in mouse spleen and four in human spleen, and two subsets each in mouse and human blood. A comparison of transcriptomic profiles within and between species highlighted the similarity of the two major subsets, NK1 and NK2, across organs and species. This unbiased approach provides insight into the biology of NK cells and establishes a rationale for the translation of mouse studies to human physiology and disease. scRNA-seq on spleen and blood NK cells reveals organ-specific signatures scRNA-seq reveals the heterogeneity of NK cells in the blood and spleen scRNA-seq on NK cells defines NK1 as human CD56dim and mouse CD27−CD11b+ NK cells scRNA-seq on NK cells defines NK2 as human CD56bright and mouse CD27+CD11b− NK cells
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1084
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Böttcher JP, Reis e Sousa C. The Role of Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunity. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:784-792. [PMID: 30352680 PMCID: PMC6207145 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key orchestrators of immune responses. A specific DC subset, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s), has been recently associated with human cancer patient survival and, in preclinical models, is critical for the spontaneous rejection of immunogenic cancers and for the success of T cell-based immunotherapies. The unique role of cDC1 reflects the ability to initiate de novo T cell responses after migrating to tumor-draining lymph nodes, as well as to attract T cells, secrete cytokines, and present tumor antigens within the tumor microenvironment, enhancing local cytotoxic T cell function. Strategies aimed at increasing cDC1 abundance in tumors and enhancing their functionality provide attractive new avenues to boost anti-tumor immunity and overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 München, Germany.
| | - Caetano Reis e Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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1085
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Prostaglandin E2 facilitates Hepatitis B virus replication by impairing CTL function. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:243-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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1086
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Vento-Tormo R, Efremova M, Botting RA, Turco MY, Vento-Tormo M, Meyer KB, Park JE, Stephenson E, Polański K, Goncalves A, Gardner L, Holmqvist S, Henriksson J, Zou A, Sharkey AM, Millar B, Innes B, Wood L, Wilbrey-Clark A, Payne RP, Ivarsson MA, Lisgo S, Filby A, Rowitch DH, Bulmer JN, Wright GJ, Stubbington MJT, Haniffa M, Moffett A, Teichmann SA. Single-cell reconstruction of the early maternal-fetal interface in humans. Nature 2018; 563:347-353. [PMID: 30429548 PMCID: PMC7612850 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1214] [Impact Index Per Article: 202.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During early human pregnancy the uterine mucosa transforms into the decidua, into which the fetal placenta implants and where placental trophoblast cells intermingle and communicate with maternal cells. Trophoblast-decidual interactions underlie common diseases of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia and stillbirth. Here we profile the transcriptomes of about 70,000 single cells from first-trimester placentas with matched maternal blood and decidual cells. The cellular composition of human decidua reveals subsets of perivascular and stromal cells that are located in distinct decidual layers. There are three major subsets of decidual natural killer cells that have distinctive immunomodulatory and chemokine profiles. We develop a repository of ligand-receptor complexes and a statistical tool to predict the cell-type specificity of cell-cell communication via these molecular interactions. Our data identify many regulatory interactions that prevent harmful innate or adaptive immune responses in this environment. Our single-cell atlas of the maternal-fetal interface reveals the cellular organization of the decidua and placenta, and the interactions that are critical for placentation and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Vento-Tormo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rachel A Botting
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Margherita Y Turco
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Emily Stephenson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Angela Goncalves
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucy Gardner
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Staffan Holmqvist
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Angela Zou
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew M Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben Millar
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara Innes
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Wood
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rebecca P Payne
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Steve Lisgo
- Human Developmental Biology Resource, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Filby
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith N Bulmer
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK.
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1087
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Gonzalez H, Hagerling C, Werb Z. Roles of the immune system in cancer: from tumor initiation to metastatic progression. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1267-1284. [PMID: 30275043 PMCID: PMC6169832 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314617.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1137] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, Gonzelez et al. provide an update of recent accomplishments, unifying concepts, and futures challenges to study tumor-associated immune cells, with an emphasis on metastatic carcinomas. The presence of inflammatory immune cells in human tumors raises a fundamental question in oncology: How do cancer cells avoid the destruction by immune attack? In principle, tumor development can be controlled by cytotoxic innate and adaptive immune cells; however, as the tumor develops from neoplastic tissue to clinically detectable tumors, cancer cells evolve different mechanisms that mimic peripheral immune tolerance in order to avoid tumoricidal attack. Here, we provide an update of recent accomplishments, unifying concepts, and future challenges to study tumor-associated immune cells, with an emphasis on metastatic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gonzalez
- Department of Anatomy, the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Catharina Hagerling
- Department of Anatomy, the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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1088
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Ishida Y, Nakashima C, Kojima H, Tanaka H, Fujimura T, Matsushita S, Yamamoto Y, Yoshino K, Fujisawa Y, Otsuka A, Kabashima K. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype did not correlate with response to anti-PD-1 antibody treatment in a Japanese cohort. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15962. [PMID: 30374122 PMCID: PMC6206129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) induces a remarkable response in patients with certain cancers. However, the response rate is not yet satisfactory. Biomarkers that help physicians identify patients who would benefit from ICB need to be developed. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a class of receptors that are mainly expressed by natural killer cells. KIR genotypes have been shown to influence the outcomes of patients with neuroblastoma and hematopoietic malignancies. KIRs may thus influence the clinical outcomes of melanoma patients receiving nivolumab. We aimed to identify the KIR genotype, or KIR/KIR-ligand combinations, which influence the outcomes of melanoma patients receiving nivolumab. We genotyped 112 melanoma patients who were treated with nivolumab for KIR and human leukocyte antigen. The clinical records of the patients were analyzed to determine if they showed a response to nivolumab, and whether or not they experienced adverse events. Our analysis showed that no KIR gene was associated with a response to nivolumab. The KIR/KIR-ligand combination did not correlate with a response to nivolumab. KIR genes were not predictive of experiencing adverse events of grade 2 or greater. We conclude that the KIR genotype or KIR/KIR-ligand genotype do not show predictive value in melanoma patients receiving nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chisa Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeto Matsushita
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshino
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Translational Research Department for Skin and Brain Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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1089
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Saetersmoen ML, Hammer Q, Valamehr B, Kaufman DS, Malmberg KJ. Off-the-shelf cell therapy with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:59-68. [PMID: 30361801 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is emerging as a very promising therapeutic modality against cancer, spearheaded by the clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells for B cell malignancies. Currently, FDA-approved CAR-T cell products are based on engineering of autologous T cells harvested from the patient, typically using a central manufacturing facility for gene editing before the product can be delivered to the clinic and infused to the patients. For a broader implementation of advanced cell therapy and to reduce costs, it would be advantageous to use allogeneic "universal" cell therapy products that can be stored in cell banks and provided upon request, in a manner analogous to biopharmaceutical drug products. In this review, we outline a roadmap for development of off-the-shelf cell therapy based on natural killer (NK) cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We discuss strategies to engineer iPSC-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells for enhanced functional potential, persistence, and homing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden. .,Institute for Cancer research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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1090
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Lafouresse F, Groom JR. A Task Force Against Local Inflammation and Cancer: Lymphocyte Trafficking to and Within the Skin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2454. [PMID: 30405637 PMCID: PMC6207597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin represents a specialized site for immune surveillance consisting of resident, inflammatory and memory populations of lymphocytes. The entry and retention of T cells, B cells, and ILCs is tightly regulated to facilitate detection of pathogens, inflammation and tumors cells. Loss of individual or multiple populations in the skin may break tolerance or increase susceptibility to tumor growth and spread. Studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the role of skin T cells and ILCs at steady state and in inflammatory settings such as viral challenge, atopy, and autoimmune inflammation. The knowledge raised by these studies can benefit to our understanding of immune cell trafficking in primary melanoma, shedding light on the mechanisms of tumor immune surveillance and to improve immunotherapy. This review will focus on the T cells, B cells, and ILCs of the skin at steady state, in inflammatory context and in melanoma. In particular, we will detail the core chemokine and adhesion molecules that regulate cell trafficking to and within the skin, which may provide therapeutic avenues to promote tumor homing for a team of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lafouresse
- Divisions of Immunology and Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Divisions of Immunology and Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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1091
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Clappaert EJ, Murgaski A, Van Damme H, Kiss M, Laoui D. Diamonds in the Rough: Harnessing Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells for Cancer Therapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2250. [PMID: 30349530 PMCID: PMC6186813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches that engage immune cells to treat cancer are becoming increasingly utilized in the clinics and demonstrated durable clinical benefit in several solid tumor types. Most of the current immunotherapies focus on manipulating T cells, however, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is abundantly infiltrated by a heterogeneous population of tumor-associated myeloid cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Educated by signals perceived in the TME, these cells often acquire tumor-promoting properties ultimately favoring disease progression. Upon appropriate stimuli, myeloid cells can exhibit cytoxic, phagocytic, and antigen-presenting activities thereby bolstering antitumor immune responses. Thus, depletion, reprogramming or reactivation of myeloid cells to either directly eradicate malignant cells or promote antitumor T-cell responses is an emerging field of interest. In this review, we briefly discuss the tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive roles of myeloid cells in the TME, and describe potential therapeutic strategies in preclinical and clinical development that aim to target them to further expand the range of current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile J. Clappaert
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aleksandar Murgaski
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helena Van Damme
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mate Kiss
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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1092
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Walwyn-Brown K, Guldevall K, Saeed M, Pende D, Önfelt B, MacDonald AS, Davis DM. Human NK Cells Lyse Th2-Polarizing Dendritic Cells via NKp30 and DNAM-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:2028-2041. [PMID: 30120122 PMCID: PMC6139540 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cross-talk between NK cells and dendritic cells (DCs) is important in Th1 immune responses, including antitumor immunity and responses to infections. DCs also play a crucial role in polarizing Th2 immunity, but the impact of NK cell-DC interactions in this context remains unknown. In this study, we stimulated human monocyte-derived DCs in vitro with different pathogen-associated molecules: LPS or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, which polarize a Th1 response, or soluble egg Ag from the helminth worm Schistosoma mansoni, a potent Th2-inducing Ag. Th2-polarizing DCs were functionally distinguishable from Th1-polarizing DCs, and both showed distinct morphology and dynamics from immature DCs. We then assessed the outcome of autologous NK cells interacting with these differently stimulated DCs. Confocal microscopy showed polarization of the NK cell microtubule organizing center and accumulation of LFA-1 at contacts between NK cells and immature or Th2-polarizing DCs but not Th1-polarizing DCs, indicative of the assembly of an activating immune synapse. Autologous NK cells lysed immature DCs but not DCs treated with LPS or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid as reported previously. In this study, we demonstrated that NK cells also degranulated in the presence of Th2-polarizing DCs. Moreover, time-lapse live-cell microscopy showed that DCs that had internalized fluorescently labeled soluble egg Ag were efficiently lysed. Ab blockade of NK cell-activating receptors NKp30 or DNAM-1 abrogated NK cell lysis of Th2-polarizing DCs. Thus, these data indicate a previously unrecognized role of NK cell cytotoxicity and NK cell-activating receptors NKp30 and DNAM-1 in restricting the pool of DCs involved in Th2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Walwyn-Brown
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Karolin Guldevall
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mezida Saeed
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Pende
- Laboratorio Immunologia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; and
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Davis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom;
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1093
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Pennock ND, Martinson HA, Guo Q, Betts CB, Jindal S, Tsujikawa T, Coussens LM, Borges VF, Schedin P. Ibuprofen supports macrophage differentiation, T cell recruitment, and tumor suppression in a model of postpartum breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:98. [PMID: 30285905 PMCID: PMC6167844 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women diagnosed with breast cancer within 5 years postpartum (PPBC) have poorer prognosis than age matched nulliparous women, even after controlling for clinical variables known to impact disease outcomes. Through rodent modeling, the poor prognosis of PPBC has been attributed to physiologic mammary gland involution, which shapes a tumor promotional microenvironment through induction of wound-healing-like programs including myeloid cell recruitment. Previous studies utilizing immune compromised mice have shown that blocking prostaglandin synthesis reduces PPBC tumor progression in a tumor cell extrinsic manner. Given the reported roles of prostaglandins in myeloid and T cell biology, and the established importance of these immune cell populations in dictating tumor growth, we investigate the impact of involution on shaping the tumor immune milieu and its mitigation by ibuprofen in immune competent hosts. METHODS In a syngeneic (D2A1) orthotopic Balb/c mouse model of PPBC, we characterized the impact of mammary gland involution and ibuprofen treatment on the immune milieu in tumors and draining lymph nodes utilizing flow cytometry, multiplex IHC, lipid mass spectroscopy and cytokine arrays. To further investigate the impact of ibuprofen on programming myeloid cell populations, we performed RNA-Seq on in vivo derived mammary myeloid cells from ibuprofen treated and untreated involution group mice. Further, we examined direct effects of ibuprofen through in vitro bone marrow derived myeloid cell cultures. RESULTS Tumors implanted into the mammary involution microenvironment grow more rapidly and display a distinct immune milieu compared to tumors implanted into glands of nulliparous mice. This milieu is characterized by increased presence of immature monocytes and reduced numbers of T cells and is reversed upon ibuprofen treatment. Further, ibuprofen treatment enhances Th1 associated cytokines as well as promotes tumor border accumulation of T cells. Safety studies demonstrate ibuprofen does not impede gland involution, impact subsequent reproductive success, nor promote auto-reactivity as detected through auto-antibody and naïve T cell priming assays. CONCLUSIONS Ibuprofen administration during the tumor promotional microenvironment of the involuting mammary gland reduces overall tumor growth and enhances anti-tumor immune characteristics while avoiding adverse autoimmune reactions. In sum, these studies implicate beneficial prophylactic use of ibuprofen during the pro-tumorigenic window of mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Pennock
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Holly A Martinson
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Qiuchen Guo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Courtney B Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, MS8117, RC-1S, 8401K, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, MS8117, RC-1S, 8401K, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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1094
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Hou X, Tao Y, Pang Y, Li X, Jiang G, Liu Y. Nanoparticle-based photothermal and photodynamic immunotherapy for tumor treatment. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:3050-3060. [PMID: 29981170 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Hou
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Yingkai Tao
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Yanyu Pang
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Department of Dermatology; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
- Department of Dermatology; The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
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1095
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D'Agostino G, Cecchinato V, Uguccioni M. Chemokine Heterocomplexes and Cancer: A Novel Chapter to Be Written in Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2185. [PMID: 30319638 PMCID: PMC6167476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrating immune cells are a key component of the tumor microenvironment and play central roles in dictating tumor fate, either promoting anti-tumor immune responses, or sustaining tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. A distinctive microenvironment is often associated to different tumor types, with substantial differences in prognosis. The production of a variety of chemotactic factors by cancer and stromal cells orchestrates cell recruitment, local immune responses or cancer progression. In the last decades, different studies have highlighted how chemotactic cues, and in particular chemokines, can act as natural antagonists or induce synergistic effects on selective receptors by forming heterocomplexes, thus shaping migratory responses of immune cells. A variety of chemokines has been described to be able to form heterocomplexes both in vitro and in vivo under inflammatory conditions, but nowadays little is known on the presence and relevance of heterocomplexes in the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, the alarmin HMGB1, which can be massively released within the tumor microenvironment, has also been described to form a complex with the chemokine CXCL12 enhancing CXCR4-mediated signaling, thus providing an additional regulation of the activity of the chemokine system. In the present review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the synergy occurring between chemokines or inflammatory molecules, and describe the multiple functions exerted by the chemokines expressed in the tumor microenvironment, pointing our attention to the synergism as a possible modulator of tumor suppression or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cecchinato
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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1096
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Dropping in on lipid droplets: insights into cellular stress and cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180764. [PMID: 30111611 PMCID: PMC6146295 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) have increasingly become a major topic of research in recent years following its establishment as a highly dynamic organelle. Contrary to the initial view of LDs being passive cytoplasmic structures for lipid storage, studies have provided support on how they act in concert with different organelles to exert functions in various cellular processes. Although lipid dysregulation resulting from aberrant LD homeostasis has been well characterised, how this translates and contributes to cancer progression is poorly understood. This review summarises the different paradigms on how LDs function in the regulation of cellular stress as a contributing factor to cancer progression. Mechanisms employed by a broad range of cancer cell types in differentially utilising LDs for tumourigenesis will also be highlighted. Finally, we discuss the potential of targeting LDs in the context of cancer therapeutics.
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1097
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Galluzzi L, Chan TA, Kroemer G, Wolchok JD, López-Soto A. The hallmarks of successful anticancer immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/459/eaat7807. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat7807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the clinical management of multiple tumors. However, only a fraction of patients with cancer responds to immunotherapy, and currently available immunotherapeutic agents are expensive and generally associated with considerable toxicity, calling for the identification of robust predictive biomarkers. The overall genomic configuration of malignant cells, potentially favoring the emergence of immunogenic tumor neoantigens, as well as specific mutations that compromise the ability of the immune system to recognize or eradicate the disease have been associated with differential sensitivity to immunotherapy in preclinical and clinical settings. Along similar lines, the type, density, localization, and functional orientation of the immune infiltrate have a prominent impact on anticancer immunity, as do features of the tumor microenvironment linked to the vasculature and stroma, and systemic factors including the composition of the gut microbiota. On the basis of these considerations, we outline the hallmarks of successful anticancer immunotherapy.
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1098
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Drakes ML, Stiff PJ. Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Prognosis by Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E302. [PMID: 30200478 PMCID: PMC6162424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that in the United States in 2018 there will be 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer and 14,070 deaths due to this malignancy. The most common subgroup of this disease is high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which is known for its aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, metastasis to other sites, and the development of resistance to conventional therapy. It is important to understand the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) from the viewpoint of the function of pre-existing immune cells, as immunocompetent cells are crucial to mounting robust antitumor responses to prevent visible tumor lesions, disease progression, or recurrence. Networks consisting of innate and adaptive immune cells, metabolic pathways, intracellular signaling molecules, and a vast array of soluble factors, shape the pathogenic nature of the TME and are useful prognostic indicators of responses to conventional therapy and immunotherapy, and subsequent survival rates. This review highlights key immune cells and soluble molecules in the TME of ovarian cancer, which are important in the development of effective antitumor immunity, as well as those that impair effector T cell activity. A more insightful knowledge of the HGSOC TME will reveal potential immune biomarkers to aid in the early detection of this disease, as well as biomarkers that may be targeted to advance the design of novel therapies that induce potent antitumor immunity and survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Drakes
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Building 112, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Patrick J Stiff
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Building 112, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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1099
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Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Prognosis by Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 30200478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090302]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that in the United States in 2018 there will be 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer and 14,070 deaths due to this malignancy. The most common subgroup of this disease is high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which is known for its aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, metastasis to other sites, and the development of resistance to conventional therapy. It is important to understand the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) from the viewpoint of the function of pre-existing immune cells, as immunocompetent cells are crucial to mounting robust antitumor responses to prevent visible tumor lesions, disease progression, or recurrence. Networks consisting of innate and adaptive immune cells, metabolic pathways, intracellular signaling molecules, and a vast array of soluble factors, shape the pathogenic nature of the TME and are useful prognostic indicators of responses to conventional therapy and immunotherapy, and subsequent survival rates. This review highlights key immune cells and soluble molecules in the TME of ovarian cancer, which are important in the development of effective antitumor immunity, as well as those that impair effector T cell activity. A more insightful knowledge of the HGSOC TME will reveal potential immune biomarkers to aid in the early detection of this disease, as well as biomarkers that may be targeted to advance the design of novel therapies that induce potent antitumor immunity and survival benefit.
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1100
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Drakes ML, Stiff PJ. Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Prognosis by Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 30200478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090302] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that in the United States in 2018 there will be 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer and 14,070 deaths due to this malignancy. The most common subgroup of this disease is high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which is known for its aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, metastasis to other sites, and the development of resistance to conventional therapy. It is important to understand the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) from the viewpoint of the function of pre-existing immune cells, as immunocompetent cells are crucial to mounting robust antitumor responses to prevent visible tumor lesions, disease progression, or recurrence. Networks consisting of innate and adaptive immune cells, metabolic pathways, intracellular signaling molecules, and a vast array of soluble factors, shape the pathogenic nature of the TME and are useful prognostic indicators of responses to conventional therapy and immunotherapy, and subsequent survival rates. This review highlights key immune cells and soluble molecules in the TME of ovarian cancer, which are important in the development of effective antitumor immunity, as well as those that impair effector T cell activity. A more insightful knowledge of the HGSOC TME will reveal potential immune biomarkers to aid in the early detection of this disease, as well as biomarkers that may be targeted to advance the design of novel therapies that induce potent antitumor immunity and survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Drakes
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Building 112, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Patrick J Stiff
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Building 112, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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