1051
|
Matsubara Y, Matsumoto T, Inoue K, Matsuda D, Yoshiga R, Yoshiya K, Furuyama T, Maehara Y. Sarcopenia is a risk factor for cardiovascular events experienced by patients with critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2016; 65:1390-1397. [PMID: 27986478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis is poor for patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI), and the most frequent cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Low grip strength is a risk factor for cardiovascular events, and sarcopenia may be associated as well. Thus, we hypothesized that sarcopenia is a risk factor for cardiovascular events experienced by patients with CLI. If this is true and appropriate therapy becomes available, the prognosis of patients with CLI will improve with appropriate risk management strategies to prevent cardiovascular events. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify this hypothesis. METHODS We studied 114 patients who underwent revascularization and computed tomography between January 2002 and December 2012 in the Department of Surgery and Sciences at Kyushu University in Japan. Sarcopenia was defined as skeletal muscle area measured by L3-level computed tomography scan <114.0 cm2 and <89.8 cm2 for men and women, respectively. Clinical characteristics, cardiovascular event-free survival, <2-year death, causes of death, and effective treatments for sarcopenia were investigated. RESULTS We identified 53 (46.5%) patients with sarcopenia. Three-year cardiovascular event-free survival rates were 43.1% and 91.2% for patients with and without sarcopenia, respectively (P < .01). During follow-up, cardiovascular disease caused the deaths of 4 and 15 patients without and with sarcopenia (P < .01), respectively, and in particular, ischemic heart disease caused the deaths of 0 and 5 patients without or with sarcopenia (P < .05), respectively. Single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT; hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.82; P < .01) and statin therapy (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.78; P < .01) were independent factors associated with improved cardiovascular event-free survival. Three-year cardiovascular event-free survival rates for patients with sarcopenia who received SAPT, dual antiplatelet therapies, and no antiplatelet therapy were 75.3%, 21.1%, and 29.5%, respectively (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is a risk factor for worse cardiovascular event-free survival, and SAPT and statin therapy reduced this risk for patients with CLI. Furthermore, SAPT but not dual antiplatelet therapy increased cardiovascular event-free survival in patients with sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsubara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuda
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yoshiga
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Yoshiya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Furuyama
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
1052
|
Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Kutty VR, Lanas F, Hui C, Quanyong X, Zhenzhen Q, Jinhua T, Noorhassim I, AlHabib KF, Moss SJ, Rosengren A, Akalin AA, Rahman O, Chifamba J, Orlandini A, Kumar R, Yeates K, Gupta R, Yusufali A, Dans A, Avezum Á, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Poirier P, Heidari H, Zatonska K, Iqbal R, Khatib R, Yusuf S. Reference ranges of handgrip strength from 125,462 healthy adults in 21 countries: a prospective urban rural epidemiologic (PURE) study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:535-546. [PMID: 27104109 PMCID: PMC4833755 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of handgrip strength (HGS) has prognostic value with respect to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, and is an important part of the evaluation of frailty. Published reference ranges for HGS are mostly derived from Caucasian populations in high-income countries. There is a paucity of information on normative HGS values in non-Caucasian populations from low- or middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to develop reference HGS ranges for healthy adults from a broad range of ethnicities and socioeconomically diverse geographic regions. METHODS HGS was measured using a Jamar dynamometer in 125,462 healthy adults aged 35-70 years from 21 countries in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. RESULTS HGS values differed among individuals from different geographic regions. HGS values were highest among those from Europe/North America, lowest among those from South Asia, South East Asia and Africa, and intermediate among those from China, South America, and the Middle East. Reference ranges stratified by geographic region, age, and sex are presented. These ranges varied from a median (25th-75th percentile) 50 kg (43-56 kg) in men <40 years from Europe/North America to 18 kg (14-20 kg) in women >60 years from South East Asia. Reference ranges by ethnicity and body-mass index are also reported. CONCLUSIONS Individual HGS measurements should be interpreted using region/ethnic-specific reference ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl P Leong
- The Population Health Research Institute McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Koon K Teo
- The Population Health Research Institute McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- The Population Health Research Institute McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton ON Canada
| | - V Raman Kutty
- Health Action by People, 'Chemmanam', Navarangam Lane Medical College Post Office Trivandrum India
| | | | - Chen Hui
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital Beijing China
| | - Xiang Quanyong
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control &12 Prevention Nanjing City China
| | - Qian Zhenzhen
- Jiangxinzhou community health service center Nanjing City China
| | | | - Ismail Noorhassim
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center(UKMMC) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Khalid F AlHabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah J Moss
- North-West University Physical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences Potchefstroom South Africa
| | | | - Ayse Arzu Akalin
- Department of Family Medicine and Department of Medical Education Yeditepe University Medical Faculty Atasehir, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Omar Rahman
- Independent University Bangladesh Bangladesh
| | - Jephat Chifamba
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences Department of Physiology Harare
| | | | | | - Karen Yeates
- Department of Medicine Queen's University Kingston ON Canada
| | | | | | - Antonio Dans
- College of Medicine University of the Philippines - Manila Malate Philippines
| | - Álvaro Avezum
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology São Paulo Brazil
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL) Universidad de Santander (UDES) Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Québec Canada
| | - Hosein Heidari
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Romaina Iqbal
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Medicine Aga Khan University Pakistan
| | - Rasha Khatib
- Institute of Community and Public Health Birzeit University Ramallah Palestine
| | - Salim Yusuf
- The Population Health Research Institute McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
1053
|
Grip strength and functional recovery after hip fracture: An observational study in elderly population. Eur Geriatr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
1054
|
Shen D, Ma Z, Wang L, Huo Z, Lu H, Zhao J, Qian W. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in a Chinese population of Han ethnicity. Early Hum Dev 2016; 103:141-145. [PMID: 27685464 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, the relative lengths of the index finger to the ring finger (2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic trait which correlated with prenatal sex steroids and has been increasingly used as a promising tool to evaluate the impact of prenatal hormone exposure in some traits, such as physical performance. Handgrip strength (HGS) is one potent index of physical ability and its relationship with 2D:4D ratio has been discussed in several ethnic groups. AIMS To investigate whether there is a correlation between 2D:4D ratio and HGS in Chinese college students of Ningxia Han ethnicity. METHODS 608 students (211 males and 397 females) of Han ethnicity were recruited from Ningxia medical university. Photocopies and HGS of both hands were collected at Yinchuan city, in the Ningxia province of China. RESULTS Sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D and HGS were found, males had significantly lower 2D:4D and greater HGS than females. 2D:4D in both hands were significantly negative correlated with HGS in females and not in males. CONCLUSIONS 2D:4D ratio is negative correlated with HGS in a Chinese population of Ningxia Han ethnicity and this association should be considered on the anthropological research within an evolutionary concept in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University/Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Zhanbing Ma
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Clinical Medicine Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhenghao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University/Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, PR China; Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University/Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, PR China; Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Junli Zhao
- Medical Reproductive Center of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Wenli Qian
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University/Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
1055
|
Fischer A, Onur S, Niklowitz P, Menke T, Laudes M, Rimbach G, Döring F. Coenzyme Q10 Status as a Determinant of Muscular Strength in Two Independent Cohorts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167124. [PMID: 27907044 PMCID: PMC5132250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with sarcopenia, which is a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in several important functions that are related to bioenergetics and protection against oxidative damage; however, the role of CoQ10 as a determinant of muscular strength is not well documented. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the determinants of muscular strength by examining hand grip force in relation to CoQ10 status, gender, age and body mass index (BMI) in two independent cohorts (n = 334, n = 967). Furthermore, peak flow as a function of respiratory muscle force was assessed. Spearman's correlation revealed a significant positive association between CoQ10/cholesterol level and hand grip in the basic study population (p<0.01) as well as in the validation population (p<0.001). In the latter, we also found a negative correlation with the CoQ10 redox state (p<0.01), which represents a lower percentage of the reduced form of CoQ10 (ubiquinol) in subjects who exhibit a lower muscular strength. Furthermore, the age of the subjects showed a negative correlation with hand grip (p<0.001), whereas BMI was positively correlated with hand grip (p<0.01), although only in the normal weight subgroup (BMI <25 kg/m2). Analysis of the covariance (ANCOVA) with hand grip as the dependent variable revealed CoQ10/cholesterol as a determinant of muscular strength and gender as the strongest effector of hand grip. In conclusion, our data suggest that both a low CoQ10/cholesterol level and a low percentage of the reduced form of CoQ10 could be an indicator of an increased risk of sarcopenia in humans due to their negative associations to upper body muscle strength, peak flow and muscle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fischer
- Department of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Onur
- Department of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Niklowitz
- Children’s Hospital of Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children’s Hospital of Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Department of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
1056
|
Effects of muscle strength and endurance on blood pressure and related cardiometabolic risk factors from childhood to adolescence. J Hypertens 2016; 34:2365-2375. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
1057
|
Gubelmann C, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P. Association of grip strength with cardiovascular risk markers. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 24:514-521. [PMID: 27885059 DOI: 10.1177/2047487316680695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Mechanisms underlying the association between grip strength and cardiovascular mortality are poorly understood. We aimed to assess the association of grip strength with a panel of cardiovascular risk markers. Design The study was based on a cross-sectional analysis of 3468 adults aged 50-75 years (1891 women) from a population-based sample in Lausanne, Switzerland. Methods Grip strength was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Cardiovascular risk markers included anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, adiposity, inflammatory and other metabolic markers. Results In both genders, grip strength was negatively associated with fat mass (Pearson correlation coefficient: women: -0.170, men: -0.198), systolic blood pressure (women: -0.096, men: -0.074), fasting glucose (women: -0.048, men: -0.071), log-transformed leptin (women: -0.074, men: -0.065), log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (women: -0.101, men: -0.079) and log-transformed homocysteine (women: -0.109, men: -0.060). In men, grip strength was also positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (0.068), total (0.106) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (0.082), and negatively associated with interleukin-6 (-0.071); in women, grip strength was negatively associated with triglycerides (-0.064) and uric acid (-0.059). After multivariate adjustment, grip strength was negatively associated with waist circumference (change per 5 kg increase in grip strength: -0.82 cm in women and -0.77 cm in men), fat mass (-0.56% in women; -0.27% in men) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-6.8% in women; -3.2% in men) in both genders, and with body mass index (0.22 kg/m2) and leptin (-2.7%) in men. Conclusion Grip strength shows only moderate associations with cardiovascular risk markers. The effect of muscle strength as measured by grip strength on cardiovascular disease does not seem to be mediated by cardiovascular risk markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Gubelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
1058
|
Zempo H, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Kikuchi N, Fuku N, Miyachi M, Murakami H. Heritability estimates of muscle strength-related phenotypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1537-1546. [PMID: 27882617 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the heritability estimates of human muscle strength-related phenotypes (H2 -msp). A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed (through August 22, 2016). Studies reporting the H2 -msp for healthy subjects in a sedentary state were included. Random-effects models were used to calculate the weighted mean heritability estimates. Moreover, subgroup analyses were performed based on phenotypic categories (eg, grip strength, isotonic strength, jumping ability). Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity of H2 -msp, which included age and sex. Twenty-four articles including 58 measurements were included in the meta-analysis. The weighted mean H2 -msp for all 58 measurements was 0.52 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.48-0.56), with high heterogeneity (I2 =91.0%, P<.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the heritability of isometric grip strength, other isometric strength, isotonic strength, isokinetic strength, jumping ability, and other power measurements was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46-0.67), 0.49 (0.47-0.52), 0.49 (0.32-0.67), 0.49 (0.37-0.61), 0.55 (0.45-0.65), and 0.51 (0.31-0.70), respectively. The H2 -msp decreased with age (P<.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that the influence of genetic and environmental factors on muscle strength-related phenotypes is comparable. Moreover, the role of environmental factors increased with age. These findings may contribute toward an understanding of muscle strength-related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Zempo
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - E Miyamoto-Mikami
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - N Kikuchi
- Department of Physical Education, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Miyachi
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, NIBIOHN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Murakami
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, NIBIOHN, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
1059
|
Lino VTS, Rodrigues NCP, O’Dwyer G, Andrade MKDN, Mattos IE, Portela MC. Handgrip Strength and Factors Associated in Poor Elderly Assisted at a Primary Care Unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166373. [PMID: 27832209 PMCID: PMC5104380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcopenia is a condition diagnosed when the patient presents low muscle mass, plus low muscle strength or low physical performance. Muscle weakness in the oldest (dynapenia) is a major public health concern because it predicts future all-cause mortality and is associated with falls, disability, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Grip strength is a simple method for assessment of muscle function in clinical practice. Objective To estimate the grip strength and identify factors associated with handgrip strength variation in elderly people with low socioeconomic status. Methods Cross-sectional study based on a multidimensional assessment of primary care users that were 60 years or older. The sample size was calculated using an estimated prevalence of depression in older adults of 20%. A kappa coefficient of 0.6 with a 95% confidence interval was used to generate a conservative sample size of 180 individuals. Procedures: tests and scales to assess humor, cognition (MMSE), basic (ADL) and instrumental activities (IADL) of daily living, mobility (Timed Up and Go), strength, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and social support were applied. Questions about falls, chronic diseases and self-rated health (SRH) were also included. Statistical Analysis: Mean, standard deviation and statistical tests were used to compare grip strength means by demographic and health factors. A multivariate linear model was used to explain the relationship of the predictors with grip strength. Results The group was composed predominantly by women (73%) with a very low level of education (mean 3 years of schooling), mean age of 73.09 (± 7.05) years old, good mobility and without IADL impairment. Mean grip strength of male and female were 31.86Kg (SD 5.55) and 21.69Kg (SD 4.48) [p- 0.0001], respectively. Low grip strength was present in 27.7% of women and 39.6% of men. As expected, men and younger participants had higher grip strength than women and older individuals. In the adjusted model, age (p- 0.03), female sex (p- 0.0001), mobility (p- 0.05), height (p- 0.03) and depression (p- 0.03) were independently associated with low grip strength. For every second more in the mobility test, there was a mean decrease of 0.08 Kg in the grip strength. Elders with depression had a mean reduction of 1.74Kg in the grip strength in relation to those in the comparison groups. There was an average reduction of 8.36Kg in the grip strength of elderly females relative to males. For each year of age after 60 years, it was expected an average reduction of 0.11 Kg in the grip strength. Conclusion our results suggest that low grip strength is associated with age, female sex, height, depression and mobility problems in poor elderly. Grip strength can be a simple, quick and inexpensive means of stratifying elders’ risk of sarcopenia in the primary care setting. Efforts should be made to recognize weaker persons and the conditions associated to low grip strength in order to target early interventions to prevent frailty and disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Teresa Saraiva Lino
- Department of Primary Care, National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Gisele O’Dwyer
- Department of Primary Care, National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Inês Echenique Mattos
- Department of Epidemiology, National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Margareth Crisóstomo Portela
- Department of Health Administration and Planning, National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
1060
|
Hamasaki H, Kawashima Y, Yanai H. The association between hand grip strength and non-exercise activity thermogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 43:284-286. [PMID: 27816619 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Hamasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Y Kawashima
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Yanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
1061
|
Gale CR, Cooper C, Aihie Sayer A. Prevalence and risk factors for falls in older men and women: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age Ageing 2016; 45:789-794. [PMID: 27496938 PMCID: PMC5105823 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background falls are a major cause of disability and death in older people. Women are more likely to fall than men, but little is known about whether risk factors for falls differ between the sexes. We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing to investigate the prevalence of falls by sex and to examine cross-sectionally sex-specific associations between a range of potential risk factors and likelihood of falling. Methods participants were 4,301 men and women aged 60 and over who had taken part in the 2012–13 survey of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. They provided information about sociodemographic, lifestyle and behavioural and medical factors, had their physical and cognitive function assessed and responded to a question about whether they had fallen down in the last two years. Results in multivariable logistic regression models, severe pain and diagnosis of at least one chronic disease were independently associated with falls in both sexes. Sex-specific risk factors were incontinence (odds ratio (OR), 1.48; 95% CI, 1.19, 1.85) and frailty (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.06, 2.69) in women, and older age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.04, 1.07), high levels of depressive symptoms (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.05, 1.68), and being unable to perform a standing balance test (OR 3.32, 95% CI 2.09, 5.29) in men. Conclusion although we found some homogeneity between the sexes in the risk factors that were associated with falls, the existence of several sex-specific risk factors suggests that gender should be taken into account in designing fall-prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catharine R Gale
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
1062
|
De Buyser S, Petrovic M, Taes Y, Toye K, Kaufman JM, Goemaere S, Lapauw B. Three year functional changes and long-term mortality hazard in community-dwelling older men. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 35:66-72. [PMID: 27378504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of physical function have been associated with higher mortality hazard in older persons. However, few studies have investigated the association between functional changes and subsequent mortality. This study aimed to examine whether 3-year functional changes independently predict subsequent all-cause mortality. METHODS This population-based cohort study included 171 community-dwelling men aged ≥71years at wave 2 (baseline of the present analysis), living in the semi-rural community of Merelbeke (Belgium). Physical function assessments included the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical Function Index, Grip strength, Chair rising, and Timed Up and Go. Changes over a 3-year time were calculated using data obtained at four annual visits. RESULTS After a 15-year follow-up, 149 men (87%) died. Median survival time was 8.2 (4.2-12.4) years. Physical function assessed at a single time point (at wave 2 or wave 5) was significantly associated with subsequent mortality hazard, independently from future or preceding 3-year changes. Greater functional declines during the 3-year follow-up were associated with higher mortality hazards. These associations were 1) more pronounced within the first seven years, 2) independent from baseline age, polypharmacy, depression, disability, and physical function, and 3) no longer significant when closure physical function was taken into account. CONCLUSION Physical function assessed at a single time point is a robust predictor of all-cause long-term mortality in community-dwelling older men. Yet, repeated assessments of physical function can provide prognostic information beyond that available from single initial assessment. However, with repeated assessments, most prognostic information can be found in the final assessment of physical function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie De Buyser
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 1K2, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 1K2, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Youri Taes
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 9K12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaatje Toye
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 9K12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Kaufman
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 9K12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goemaere
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 9K12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 9K12, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
1063
|
[MESGI50 study: description of a cohort on Maturity and Satisfactory Ageing]. GACETA SANITARIA 2016; 31:511-517. [PMID: 27789048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the demographic, health and socio-economic characteristics of the participants in the Study on Maturity and Satisfactory Ageing in Girona (MESGI50 study). METHODS Population-based Study linked to the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The reference population was the inhabitants of the province of Girona (Spain) aged 50 and over. A probabilistic two-stage stratified cluster sampling according to the number of inhabitants and the degree of ageing of the population was used. RESULTS Twenty-eight municipalities were randomly selected according to their type (demographically aged or young), and then stratified by the population size. The response rate was 65% with a mean of 1.7 eligible individuals per household and a final sample of 2,065 households and 3,331 participants. The design effect was 1.27. 52.9% were women and the mean age was 66.9 years (SD=11.5). The self-rated health status, hand grip strength, restriction in daily life activities and depressive symptomatology increased with age and more markedly in women. There were differences in alcohol consumption and eating patterns depending on the area of residence. CONCLUSIONS The demographic, health and socio-economic characteristics during the ageing process differ depending on age group, gender, and area of residence.
Collapse
|
1064
|
Gallart-Aragón T, Fernández-Lao C, Castro-Martín E, Cantarero-Villanueva I, Cózar-Ibáñez A, Arroyo-Morales M. Health-Related Fitness Improvements in Morbid Obese Patients After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Cohort Study. Obes Surg 2016; 27:1182-1188. [PMID: 27783365 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has demonstrated high long-term effectiveness and major advantages over other techniques. The objective of this study was to analyze changes in physical fitness parameters in morbidly obese patients during 6 months after LSG. METHODOLOGY We conducted a descriptive observational study with 6-month follow-up in 72 LSG patients, evaluating changes in body mass index (BMI), functional capacity (6-min walking test), hand grip strength (manual dynamometry), flexibility (fingertip-to-floor test), balance (Flamingo test), physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), and perception of general physical fitness (International Fitness Scale [IFIS] questionnaire). RESULTS The ANOVA revealed significant improvements in BMI, functional capacity, flexibility, balance, and physical activity level (P < 0.001) at 6 months, with an improvement in the perception of physical fitness in most cases. No significant changes were found in dominant hand (P = 0.676) or non-dominant hand (P = 0.222) dynamometry. General physical fitness was positively correlated with BMI and distance in the 6-min test, and was negatively correlated with fingertip-to-floor distance. CONCLUSION Morbidly obese patients showed major improvements at 6 months after LSG in functional capacity, balance, mobility, and physical activity, with no change in grip strength. These improvements were related to a better self-perception of general physical fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Fernández-Lao
- Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Biosanitario Granada (IBS.Granada), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (iMUDS), University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Castro-Martín
- Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Mixto Deporte y Salud (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Cantarero-Villanueva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Biosanitario Granada (IBS.Granada), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (iMUDS), University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Arroyo-Morales
- Department of Physical Therapy, Instituto Biosanitario Granada (IBS.Granada), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (iMUDS), University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18071, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
1065
|
Body composition and the monitoring of non-communicable chronic disease risk. GLOBAL HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENOMICS 2016; 1:e18. [PMID: 29868210 PMCID: PMC5870426 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for simple proxies of health status, in order to improve monitoring of chronic disease risk within and between populations, and to assess the efficacy of public health interventions as well as clinical management. This review discusses how, building on recent research findings, body composition outcomes may contribute to this effort. Traditionally, body mass index has been widely used as the primary index of nutritional status in children and adults, but it has several limitations. We propose that combining information on two generic traits, indexing both the ‘metabolic load’ that increases chronic non-communicable disease risk, and the homeostatic ‘metabolic capacity’ that protects against these diseases, offers a new opportunity to improve assessment of disease risk. Importantly, this approach may improve the ability to take into account ethnic variability in chronic disease risk. This approach could be applied using simple measurements readily carried out in the home or community, making it ideal for M-health and E-health monitoring strategies.
Collapse
|
1066
|
Saitoh M, Rodrigues Dos Santos M, von Haehling S. Muscle wasting in heart failure : The role of nutrition. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 128:455-465. [PMID: 27761739 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-1100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting and malnutrition are common complications in patients with advanced heart failure (HF); however, both remain underdiagnosed and undertreated although they both play relevant roles in the progression of HF. The risk of muscle wasting in patients with HF increases in those patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition. Muscle wasting and malnutrition are thought to be positively influenced by adequate therapeutic interventions such as physical activity and nutritional support. Consequently, early detection of malnutrition in patients with HF is recommended. This review discusses muscle wasting and nutritional status, describing the effects of malnutrition on muscle wasting in patients with HF. We review specific issues related to muscle wasting and nutritional status in patients with HF; however, no established strategies currently exist to focus on patients suffering from muscle wasting with malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Saitoh
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
1067
|
Sánchez-Sánchez ML, Ruescas-Nicolau MA, Pérez-Miralles JA, Marqués-Sulé E, Espí-López GV. Pilot randomized controlled trial to assess a physical therapy program on upper extremity function to counteract inactivity in chronic stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2016; 24:183-193. [DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2016.1245395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Luz Sánchez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José-Antonio Pérez-Miralles
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Nueva Opción – Brain Damage Association, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Marqués-Sulé
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma-Victoria Espí-López
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
1068
|
Strandkvist VJ, Backman H, Röding J, Stridsman C, Lindberg A. Hand grip strength is associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second among subjects with COPD: report from a population-based cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:2527-2534. [PMID: 27785009 PMCID: PMC5065095 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases and skeletal muscle dysfunction are common comorbidities in COPD. Hand grip strength (HGS) is related to general muscle strength and is associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, while the results from small selected COPD populations are contradictory. The aim of this population-based study was to compare HGS among the subjects with and without COPD, to evaluate HGS in relation to COPD severity, and to evaluate the impact of heart disease. Subjects and methods Data were collected from the Obstructive Lung disease in Northern Sweden COPD study, where the subjects with and without COPD have been invited to annual examinations since 2005. In 2009–2010, 441 subjects with COPD (postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]/vital capacity <0.70) and 570 without COPD participated in structured interviews, spirometry, and measurements of HGS. Results The mean HGS was similar when comparing subjects with and without COPD, but those with heart disease had lower HGS than those without. When compared by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades, the subjects with GOLD 3–4 had lower HGS than those without COPD in both sexes (females 21.4 kg vs 26.9 kg, P=0.010; males 41.5 kg vs 46.3 kg, P=0.038), and the difference persisted also when adjusted for confounders. Among the subjects with COPD, HGS was associated with FEV1% of predicted value but not heart disease when adjusted for height, age, sex, and smoking habits, and the pattern was similar among males and females. Conclusion In this population-based study, the subjects with GOLD 3–4 had lower HGS than the subjects without COPD. Among those with COPD, HGS was associated with FEV1% of predicted value but not heart disease, and the pattern was similar in both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Johansson Strandkvist
- Division of Health and Rehabilitation, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, The Obstructive Lung disease in Northern Sweden Unit, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Helena Backman
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, The Obstructive Lung disease in Northern Sweden Unit, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Jenny Röding
- Division of Health and Rehabilitation, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå
| | - Caroline Stridsman
- Division of Nursing, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
1069
|
Skoog I, Hörder H, Frändin K, Johansson L, Östling S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Zettergren A. Association between APOE Genotype and Change in Physical Function in a Population-Based Swedish Cohort of Older Individuals Followed Over Four Years. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:225. [PMID: 27757080 PMCID: PMC5047916 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between decline in physical function and age-related conditions, such as reduced cognitive performance and vascular disease, may be explained by genetic influence on shared biological pathways of importance for aging. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is well-known for its association with Alzheimer’s disease, but has also been related to other disorders of importance for aging. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between APOE allele status and physical function in a population-based longitudinal study of older individuals. In 2005, at the age of 75, 622 individuals underwent neuropsychiatric and physical examinations, including tests of physical function, and APOE-genotyping. Follow-up examinations were performed at age 79. A significantly larger decline in grip strength (p = 0.015) between age 75 and 79 was found when comparing APOE 𝜀4 allele carriers with non-carriers [10.3 (±10.8) kg versus 7.8 (±10.1) kg]. No association was seen with decline in gait speed, chair-stand, or balance. The association with grip strength remained after correction for cognitive and educational level, depression, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Helena Hörder
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Frändin
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lena Johansson
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Svante Östling
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, at the University of Gothenburg Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, at the University of GothenburgMölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
1070
|
Steiber N. Strong or Weak Handgrip? Normative Reference Values for the German Population across the Life Course Stratified by Sex, Age, and Body Height. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163917. [PMID: 27701433 PMCID: PMC5049850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Handgrip strength is an important biomarker of healthy ageing and a powerful predictor of future morbidity and mortality both in younger and older populations. Therefore, the measurement of handgrip strength is increasingly used as a simple but efficient screening tool for health vulnerability. This study presents normative reference values for handgrip strength in Germany for use in research and clinical practice. It is the first study to provide normative data across the life course that is stratified by sex, age, and body height. The study used a nationally representative sample of test participants ages 17–90. It was based on pooled data from five waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel (2006–2014) and involved a total of 11,790 persons living in Germany (providing 25,285 observations). Handgrip strength was measured with a Smedley dynamometer. Results showed that peak mean values of handgrip strength are reached in men’s and women’s 30s and 40s after which handgrip strength declines in linear fashion with age. Following published recommendations, the study used a cut-off at 2 SD below the sex-specific peak mean value across the life course to define a ‘weak grip’. Less than 10% of women and men aged 65–69 were classified as weak according to this definition, shares increasing to about half of the population aged 80–90. Based on survival analysis that linked handgrip strength to a relevant outcome, however, a ‘critically weak grip’ that warrants further examination was estimated to commence already at 1 SD below the group-specific mean value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Steiber
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Economic Sociology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
1071
|
Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista JE, Lobelo F, Izquierdo M, Alonso-Martínez A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Cristi-Montero C. High muscular fitness has a powerful protective cardiometabolic effect in adults: influence of weight status. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1012. [PMID: 27663845 PMCID: PMC5035511 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of muscular fitness (MF) are recognized as an important marker of nutritional status and a predictor of metabolic complications, cardiovascular disease and death, however, the relationship between MF, body mass index (BMI) and the subsequent cardiometabolic protective effects has been less studied among Latin American populations. This study identified an association between MF and the cardiometabolic risk score index (CMRSI) and the lipid-metabolic cardiovascular risk index (LMCRI) in a wide sample of university students grouped according to their BMI. METHODS Six thousand ninety five healthy males (29.6 ± 11.7 year-old) participated in the study. Absolute strength was measured using a T.K.K. analogue dynamometer (handgrip), and the participant's strength was then calculated relative to their body mass (MF/BM). The LMCRI was derived from the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and glucose levels in a blood sample. The CMRSI was calculated by summing the standardized residuals (z-score) for waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, HDL-c, and median blood pressure. Subjects were divided into six subgroups according to BMI (normal vs. overweight/obese) and MF/BM tertiles (unfit, average, fit). RESULTS The group of participants with low and moderate levels of MF/BM showed higher CMRSI values independent of BMI (P < 0.001). The group with normal BMI and high MF/BM had the highest levels of cardiometabolic protection. All overweight/obese BMI groups had significantly higher LMCRI values independent of the level of MF/BM (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Participants with high MF/BM showed reduced cardiometabolic risk, which increased significantly when they were within normal parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Jorge E Correa-Bautista
- Center for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- GICAEDS Group, Faculty of Physical Culture, Sport and Recreation, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia. .,Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (Navarra) SPAIN, Campus of Tudela, Av. de Tarazona s/n. 31500, Tudela, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Alicia Alonso-Martínez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (Navarra) SPAIN, Campus of Tudela, Av. de Tarazona s/n. 31500, Tudela, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group. School of Physical Education. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
1072
|
All cause mortality and body mass index in a young Asian occupational cohort without baseline metabolic syndrome components. Int J Cardiol 2016; 224:271-278. [PMID: 27665397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate associations between underweight, overweight and obesity and all cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, excluding subjects with known CVD, diabetes, hypertension and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline. METHODS The study population consisted of examinees participating in a health screening in Korea from 2002 to 2013. Data were analyzed in 162,194 subjects (in a retrospective cohort study design-median (interquartile range (IQR) follow-up 4.9 (1.8-8.5years))). The outcomes were all cause mortality, cancer and CVD. RESULTS The mean (age range) and median age (IQR) at baseline were 36.9(20.0-85.3) and 35.2 (30.8-40.6) years. There were 436 deaths during follow-up. For men and women together, the fully adjusted HR for underweight and all cause mortality, cancer and CVD was 1.53 (95% CIs 1.06-2.20), 1.21 (95% CIs 0.68-2.14) and 1.34 (95% CIs 0.40-4.49) respectively. In contrast, the fully adjusted HR for overweight/obesity combined and all cause mortality was 0.77 (95%CIs 0.63-0.95) and there were non significant trends towards decreased cancer and CVD mortality. The association between overweight/obesity and all cause mortality was similar for men and women considered separately and for overweight and obesity as separate BMI categories. Smoking did not seem to explain the increased HR in the underweight BMI category. CONCLUSIONS In a young metabolically healthy adult cohort, underweight was associated with increased all cause mortality and overweight/obesity was associated with decreased all cause mortality if CVD, diabetes, hypertension and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are excluded.
Collapse
|
1073
|
Granic A, Davies K, Jagger C, Kirkwood TBL, Syddall HE, Sayer AA. Grip Strength Decline and Its Determinants in the Very Old: Longitudinal Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163183. [PMID: 27637107 PMCID: PMC5026378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weak grip strength (GS) is a key component of sarcopenia and frailty and a powerful predictor of mortality, morbidity and disability. Despite increasing interest in understanding GS across the lifespan, little is known about GS decline in the very old (aged ≥85). We examined trajectories of GS in very old adults and identified the determinants. Methods GS (kg) was measured four times over 5 years in 319 men and 526 women participating in the Newcastle 85+ Study. A weak GS sub-cohort was identified as having strength of ≤27 kg (men), and ≤16 kg (women) at baseline and follow-up. Mixed models were used to establish trajectories of GS and associated factors in all participants, men and women, and in those with weak GS. Results Men’s mean grip strength was 24.42 (SD = 6.77) kg, and women’s 13.23 (4.42) kg (p<0.001) at baseline, with mean absolute change of -5.27 (4.90) kg and -3.14 (3.41), respectively (p<0.001) by 5-year follow-up. In the time-only mixed model, men experienced linear annual decline in GS of -1.13 (0.8) kg (β (SE), p<0.001), whilst women’s decline although slower, accelerated by -0.06 (0.02) kg (p = 0.01) over time. In the saturated model, higher baseline physical activity, height, fat-free mass, better self-rated health, and not having arthritis in hand(s) were associated with stronger GS initially in both sexes. Annual GS decline in men and participants with weak GS who were highly physically active was slower by 0.95 and 0.52 kg, respectively compared with inactive counterparts. Conclusion Grip strength decline in the very old followed linear (men) and curvilinear (women) trends. High levels of physical activity were protective of GS loss in men (but not in women) and in those with weak GS. Thus maintaining muscle strength in later life is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality in the very old.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, Newcastle University, and Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Davies
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, Newcastle University, and Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Jagger
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B. L. Kirkwood
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Holly E. Syddall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Chronic Disease, Newcastle University, and Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care, Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
1074
|
Meng G, Wu H, Fang L, Li C, Yu F, Zhang Q, Liu L, Du H, Shi H, Xia Y, Guo X, Liu X, Bao X, Su Q, Gu Y, Yang H, Bin Yu, Wu Y, Sun Z, Niu K. Relationship between grip strength and newly diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a large-scale adult population. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33255. [PMID: 27616599 PMCID: PMC5018968 DOI: 10.1038/srep33255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced muscle strength is often related to improved insulin sensitivity and secretion, control of lipid metabolism, and increased secretion of myokines. These factors have emerged as important mechanisms involved in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), implying that muscle strength may be a useful predictor for NAFLD. We aimed to assess the relationship between grip strength (GS) and NAFLD in a large-scale adult population. GS was assessed using an electronic hand-grip dynamometer, and NAFLD was diagnosed by the liver ultrasonography. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the quartiles of GS per body weight and the prevalence of NAFLD. After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for overall NAFLD, NAFLD with normal alanine aminotransferase levels, and NAFLD with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels across the quartiles of GS were 1.00 (reference), 0.89 (0.78, 1.01), 0.77 (0.67, 0.89), and 0.67 (0.57, 0.79); 1.00 (reference), 0.91 (0.80, 1.04), 0.79 (0.68, 0.92), and 0.72 (0.61, 0.85); 1.00 (reference), 0.77 (0.61, 0.98), 0.67 (0.51, 0.86), and 0.53 (0.40, 0.71) (all P for trend < 0.01), respectively. This is the first study shows that increased GS is independently associated with lower prevalence of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Non-communicable Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Non-communicable Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyun Fang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanmin Du
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Shi
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Non-communicable Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Non-communicable Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Su
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuntang Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong Sun
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Non-communicable Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
1075
|
Sano M, Meguro S, Kawai T, Suzuki Y. Increased grip strength with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2. J Diabetes 2016; 8:736-7. [PMID: 27038414 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Meguro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kawai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
1076
|
Brown JC, Harhay MO, Harhay MN. The muscle quality index and mortality among males and females. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:648-53. [PMID: 27480478 PMCID: PMC5035612 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The muscle quality index (MQI) was proposed as a measure to quantify age-related alterations in muscle function. It is unknown if the MQI predicts mortality. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III; 1988-1994). The MQI was quantified using a timed sit-to-stand test, body mass, and leg length. Vital status was obtained through the National Center for Health Statistics. We fit multivariable-adjusted regression models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between the MQI and mortality. RESULTS During 14.6 years of follow-up, 3299 (73.1%) of 4510 study participants died. Lower MQI was associated with a higher risk of mortality (Ptrend <.001). The multivariable-adjusted HR for mortality was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.15-1.96) for those in the lowest quintile of MQI compared to the highest quintile. The association between MQI and mortality was stronger among males (highest vs. lowest quintile of MQI, HR = 1.37 [95% CI, 1.00-1.87]; Ptrend = .001) compared to females (highest vs. lowest quintile of MQI, HR = 1.27 (95% CI, 0.89-1.83); Ptrend = .044; Pinteraction = .005]. CONCLUSIONS The MQI predicts mortality and may differ between males and females. Additional research examining the MQI is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Brown
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Population Sciences, Boston, MA; Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
| | - Michael O Harhay
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Meera N Harhay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
1077
|
Lee DC, Shook RP, Drenowatz C, Blair SN. Physical activity and sarcopenic obesity: definition, assessment, prevalence and mechanism. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO127. [PMID: 28031974 PMCID: PMC5137918 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is the coexistance of sarcopenia and obesity. Modern sarcopenia definition includes low muscle mass, weak muscle strength (handgrip strength) and poor physical function (slow walking), although the clinical definition of each varies worldwide. The cut-points for low muscle mass for men and women using appendicular lean mass divided by height (kg/m2) are ≤7.0 and ≤5.4 in Asians, and ≤7.23 and ≤5.67 in Caucasians, respectively. The cut-points for weak handgrip strength (kg) for men and women are <26 and <18 in Asians, and <30 and <20 in Caucasians, respectively. The cut-point for slow walking is ≤0.8 m/s in men and women. Current data suggest the potential benefits of physical activity and fitness on sarcopenic obesity in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duck-chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Robin P Shook
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
1078
|
Boban M, Barisic M, Persic V, Zekanovic D, Medved I, Zulj M, Vcev A. Muscle strength differ between patients with diabetes and controls following heart surgery. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1287-92. [PMID: 27368124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to analyze muscle strength in patients with recent surgical treatment for ischemic and combined ischemic-valvular heart disease, based on existence of diabetes mellitus. Connections existing between muscle strength and patient characteristics or conventional diagnostic tests were analyzed as well. METHODS Study prospectively included consecutive patients scheduled for cardiovascular rehabilitation 0-3months after heart surgery. Diagnostics covered drug utilization, anthropometrics, demographics, echocardiography, conventional laboratory, echocardiography, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and hand grip test (HGT). HGT was analyzed for dominant hand. RESULTS Patients with diabetes had significantly weaker muscle strength on HGT than controls; 29.4±12.2kg vs. 38.2±14.7kg (p=0.029), respectively. ROC analysis for HGT and existence of diabetes mellitus were significant; ≤40kg had sensitivity of 89.7% (95%CI: 72.6-97.8), specificity 43.7% (31.9-56.0); AUC 0.669 (0.568-0.760); p=0.002. HGT significantly correlated with hematocrit (Rho CC=0.247; p=0.013), whilst other laboratory or echocardiographic parameters were insignificant (all p>0.05). HGT also correlated with body weight (Rho CC=0.510; p<0.001); height (Rho CC=0.632; p<0.001); waist circumference (Rho CC=0.388; p<0.001); waist-to-hip ratio (Rho CC=0.274; p=0.006) and BIA (Rho CC=-0.412; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In postoperative recovery of patients with diabetes, muscle strength assessed by HGT is decreased and in relation with nutritional status. Clinically resourceful connections of HGT were also found to hematocrit and utilization of loop diuretics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Boban
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital "Thalassotherapia Opatija", Medical Faculty University of Rijeka, Croatia; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty "J.J. Strossmayer" University of Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Mijana Barisic
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital "Thalassotherapia Opatija", Medical Faculty University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Viktor Persic
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital "Thalassotherapia Opatija", Medical Faculty University of Rijeka, Croatia; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty "J.J. Strossmayer" University of Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Igor Medved
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Rijeka, University Hospital Centre "Rijeka", Croatia
| | - Marinko Zulj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty "J.J. Strossmayer" University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleskandar Vcev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty "J.J. Strossmayer" University of Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
1079
|
Lee WJ, Peng LN, Chiou ST, Chen LK. Relative Handgrip Strength Is a Simple Indicator of Cardiometabolic Risk among Middle-Aged and Older People: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160876. [PMID: 27559733 PMCID: PMC4999244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle strength may play an important role in cardiovascular health. The study was intended to evaluate the association between cardiometabolic risk, risk of coronary artery disease and handgrip strength by using the relative handgrip strength. Materials and Methods Data of 927 Taiwanese aged 53 years and older (510 men and 417 women) were retrieved from a nationwide representative population-based cohort cross-sectional study in 2006. All participants were interviewed face-to-face and received measures of anthropometry, dominant handgrip strength, relative handgrip strength (summation of both handgrip strength divided by body mass index) and serum biomarkers. Results Multivariate linear regression analysis showed the significant association between relative handgrip strength and favorable cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol to high density cholesterol(HDL-C) ratio, glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), uric acid, Framingham risk score in men, and HDL-C, fasting glucose, HbA1c, log hsCRP in women. Dominant hand grip strength was only associated with log hsCRP in women. (p<0.05 for all), but was not significant associated with all cardiovascular biomarkers and FRS in both sex. Conclusions Joint with handgrip strength and body size, as relative handgrip strength, may be a better tool to capture conceptual concomitant health, which may be a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-use tool when targeting cardiovascular health in public health level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Lee
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan Branch, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ning Peng
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ti Chiou
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
1080
|
Sagner M, McNeil A, Puska P, Auffray C, Price ND, Hood L, Lavie CJ, Han ZG, Chen Z, Brahmachari SK, McEwen BS, Soares MB, Balling R, Epel E, Arena R. The P4 Health Spectrum - A Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory Continuum for Promoting Healthspan. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 59:506-521. [PMID: 27546358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases (i.e., noncommunicable diseases), mainly cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases and type-2-diabetes, are now the leading cause of death, disability and diminished quality of life on the planet. Moreover, these diseases are also a major financial burden worldwide, significantly impacting the economy of many countries. Healthcare systems and medicine have progressively improved upon the ability to address infectious diseases and react to adverse health events through both surgical interventions and pharmacology; we have become efficient in delivering reactive care (i.e., initiating interventions once an individual is on the verge of or has actually suffered a negative health event). However, with slowly progressing and often 'silent' chronic diseases now being the main cause of illness, healthcare and medicine must evolve into a proactive system, moving away from a merely reactive approach to care. Minimal interactions among the specialists and limited information to the general practitioner and to the individual receiving care lead to a fragmented health approach, non-concerted prescriptions, a scattered follow-up and a suboptimal cost-effectiveness ratio. A new approach in medicine that is predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory, which we label here as "P4" holds great promise to reduce the burden of chronic diseases by harnessing technology and an increasingly better understanding of environment-biology interactions, evidence-based interventions and the underlying mechanisms of chronic diseases. In this concept paper, we propose a 'P4 Health Continuum' model as a framework to promote and facilitate multi-stakeholder collaboration with an orchestrated common language and an integrated care model to increase the healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sagner
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; SARENA Clinic, Medical Center and Research Institute.
| | - Amy McNeil
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pekka Puska
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Paris and Lyon, France
| | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samir Kumar Brahmachari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ross Arena
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; SARENA Clinic, Medical Center and Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
1081
|
Association Between Maximal Bench Press Strength and Isometric Handgrip Strength Among Breast Cancer Survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 98:264-269. [PMID: 27543047 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the relationship between 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press strength and isometric handgrip strength among breast cancer survivors. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling breast cancer survivors (N=295). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE 1-RM bench press strength was measured with a barbell and exercise bench. Isometric handgrip strength was measured using an isometric dynamometer, with 3 maximal contractions of the left and right hands. All measures were conducted by staff with training in clinical exercise testing. RESULTS Among 295 breast cancer survivors, 1-RM bench press strength was 18.2±6.1kg (range, 2.2-43.0kg), and isometric handgrip strength was 23.5±5.8kg (range, 9.0-43.0kg). The strongest correlate of 1-RM bench press strength was the average isometric handgrip strength of both hands (r=.399; P<.0001). Mean difference analysis suggested that the average isometric handgrip strength of both hands overestimated 1-RM bench press strength by 4.7kg (95% limits of agreement, -8.2 to 17.6kg). In a multivariable linear regression model, the average isometric handgrip strength of both hands (β=.31; P<.0001) and age (β=-.20; P<.0001) were positively correlated with 1-RM bench press strength (R2=.23). CONCLUSIONS Isometric handgrip strength is a poor surrogate for 1-RM bench press strength among breast cancer survivors. 1-RM bench press strength and isometric handgrip strength quantify distinct components of muscular strength.
Collapse
|
1082
|
Kuriyan R, Lokesh DP, Selvam S, Jayakumar J, Philip MG, Shreeram S, Kurpad AV. The relationship of endogenous plasma concentrations of β-Hydroxy β-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) to age and total appendicular lean mass in humans. Exp Gerontol 2016; 81:13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
1083
|
Chaves TDO, Balassiano DH, Araújo CGSD. INFLUÊNCIA DO HÁBITO DE EXERCÍCIO NA INFÂNCIA E ADOLESCÊNCIA NA FLEXIBILIDADE DE ADULTOS SEDENTÁRIOS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220162204159118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: A flexibilidade corporal é um dos componentes da aptidão física relacionada com a saúde e desempenho físico. Esse componente tende a diminuir com o envelhecimento, sendo passível de modificação por treinamento específico; por outro lado, essas adaptações favoráveis tendem a desaparecer com destreinamento. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do histórico de exercício físico e/ou participação desportiva competitiva na juventude sobre a flexibilidade corporal em adultos que foram pouco ativos ou sedentários nos últimos cinco anos. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 1.388 indivíduos avaliados entre 2012 e 2015. Após aplicação de critérios de exclusão, a amostra final incluiu 533 adultos (63,6% homens; 20-94 anos de idade) pouco ativos ou sedentários nos últimos cinco anos. Em uma breve entrevista foram obtidos os perfis de exercício físico na infância/adolescência (PEFIA) e nos últimos cinco anos de vida. Esses perfis foram agrupados em três categorias, em função da quantidade mínima de exercício recomendado para cada idade, como: abaixo, adequado ou acima. A flexibilidade foi avaliada pelo Flexiteste e o flexíndice (FLX) foi calculado - somatório dos resultados da mobilidade passiva de cada um dos 20 movimentos articulares medidos (escala de 0 a 4) -, que foi posteriormente ajustado por idade e sexo por percentis (P-FLX) (Araújo, 2008). Resultados: Homens e mulheres adultos fisicamente inativos nos últimos cinco anos tiveram P-FLX medianos, respectivamente, de 25 e 35. Quando classificados pelo PEFIA, não foram observadas diferenças entre homens (P=0,23) e mulheres (P=0,10) no P-FLX. Conclusão: A flexibilidade de adultos pouco ativos ou sedentários nos últimos cinco anos, quando avaliada pelo FLX, é inferior à prevista para a idade e não é influenciada pelo PEFIA, indicando que o sedentarismo recente é prejudicial à flexibilidade global e que um histórico de mais exercício e/ou esporte na juventude não parece prevenir essa deficiência.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Gil Soares de Araújo
- Clínica de Medicina do Exercício, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
1084
|
Zibellini J, Seimon RV, Lee CMY, Gibson AA, Hsu MSH, Sainsbury A. Effect of diet-induced weight loss on muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity - a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Obes Rev 2016; 17:647-63. [PMID: 27126087 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify how diet-induced weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity impacts on muscle strength. Twenty-seven publications, including 33 interventions, most of which were 8-24 weeks in duration, were included. Meta-analysis of seven interventions measuring knee extensor strength by isokinetic dynamometry in 108 participants found a significant decrease following diet-induced weight loss (-9.0 [95% confidence interval: -13.8, -4.1] N/m, P < 0.001), representing a 7.5% decrease from baseline values. Meta-analysis of handgrip strength from 10 interventions in 231 participants showed a non-significant decrease (-1.7 [-3.6, 0.1] kg, P = 0.070), with significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 83.9%, P < 0.001). This heterogeneity may have been due to diet type, because there was a significant decrease in handgrip strength in seven interventions in 169 participants involving moderate energy restriction (-2.4 [-4.8, -0.0] kg, P = 0.046), representing a 4.6% decrease from baseline values, but not in three interventions in 62 participants involving very-low-energy diet (-0.4 [-2.0, 1.2] kg, P = 0.610). Because of variability in methodology and muscles tested, no other data could be meta-analyzed, and qualitative assessment of the remaining interventions revealed mixed results. Despite varying methodologies, diets and small sample sizes, these findings suggest a potential adverse effect of diet-induced weight loss on muscle strength. While these findings should not act as a deterrent against weight loss, due to the known health benefits of losing excess weight, they call for strategies to combat strength loss - such as weight training and other exercises - during diet-induced weight loss. © 2016 World Obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zibellini
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R V Seimon
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C M Y Lee
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A A Gibson
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M S H Hsu
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Sainsbury
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
1085
|
Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Sienaert P, Wyckaert S, De Hert M, Richards J, Kinyanda E, Probst M. Depressive symptoms and muscular fitness contribute independently to the ability to perform daily life activities in people with bipolar disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2016; 70:477-82. [PMID: 27049347 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2016.1161072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with healthy controls, people with bipolar disorder experience muscle weakness. The extent to which muscle weakness influences the performance of daily life activities such as walking in people with bipolar disorder requiring hospitalization is unclear. AIMS The primary aim of the current study was to explore whether depressive symptoms and muscular fitness independently contribute to the walking capacity in people with bipolar disorder. A secondary aim was to identify variables that could explain the variability in muscular fitness. METHODS Forty-two inpatients with bipolar disorder performed a standing broad jump test (SBJ), a measure of muscular performance, and the six minute walk test (6MWT) in addition to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS) and a full-fasting metabolic screening. RESULTS The correlation between the 6MWT (595.0 ± 127.3m) and SBJ (126.2 ± 48.6m) was high (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). In backward regression analyzes, 82.3% of the variance in 6MWT was explained by SJB, QIDS (7.6 ± 5.1) and the presence of metabolic syndrome (n = 16; 38%), while 83.0% of the variance in SBJ-score was explained by age, and the QIDS and IPAQ (1435.3 ± 1179.8 MET-min/week) scores. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms and muscular fitness contribute independently to daily life functioning in people with bipolar disorder. Thus, muscular rehabilitation strategies might offer a strategy for improving performance of daily life activities in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ;,b KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven , Leuven , Kortenberg , Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- c Physiotherapy Department , South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK ;,d Health Service and Population Research Department , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London , De Crespigny Park , London , UK
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- b KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven , Leuven , Kortenberg , Belgium
| | - Sabine Wyckaert
- b KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven , Leuven , Kortenberg , Belgium
| | - Marc De Hert
- b KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven , Leuven , Kortenberg , Belgium
| | - Justin Richards
- e School of Public Health & Charles Perkins Centre , University of Sydney , Australia
| | - Eugene Kinyanda
- f Department of Psychiatry , Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences , Kampala , Uganda ;,g MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS , Entebbe , Uganda
| | - Michel Probst
- a Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
1086
|
Otero J, Cohen DD, Herrera VM, Camacho PA, Bernal O, López-Jaramillo P. Sociodemographic factors related to handgrip strength in children and adolescents in a middle income country: The SALUS study. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27427286 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine sociodemographic factors associated with handgrip (HG) strength in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a middle income country. METHODS We evaluated youth between the ages of 8 and 17 from a representative sample of individuals from the Department of Santander, Colombia. Anthropometric measures, HG strength, and self-reported physical activity were assessed, and parents/guardians completed sociodemographic questionnairres. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics and tertiles of relative HG strength. We also produced centile data for raw HG strength using quantile regression. RESULTS 1,691 young people were evaluated. HG strength increased with age, and was higher in males than females in all age groups. Lower HG strength was associated with indicators of higher socioeconomic status, such as living in an urban area, residence in higher social strata neighborhoods, parent/guardian with secondary education or higher, higher household income, and membership in health insurance schemes. In addition, low HG strength was associated with lower physical activity levels and higher waist-to-hip ratio. In a fully adjusted regression model, all factors remained significant except for health insurance, household income, and physical activity level. CONCLUSIONS While age and gender specific HG strength values were substantially lower than contemporary data from high income countries, we found that within this middle income population indicators of higher socioeconomic status were associated with lower HG strength. This analysis also suggests that in countries undergoing rapid nutrition transition, improvements in socioeconomic conditions may be accompanied by reduction in muscle strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Otero
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Dirección médica de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Daniel Dylan Cohen
- Universidad de Santander (UDES), Programa de Fisioterapia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Victor Mauricio Herrera
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Dirección médica de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Oscar Bernal
- Universidad de Los Andes, Escuela de Gobierno, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricio López-Jaramillo
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Dirección médica de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Floridablanca, Colombia.,Universidad de Santander (UDES), Programa de Fisioterapia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
1087
|
The association between blood pressure and grip strength in adolescents: does body mass index matter? Hypertens Res 2016; 39:919-925. [PMID: 27383511 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Increased body mass index (BMI) has been related to both low grip strength and high blood pressure (BP) in adolescents. Previous reports of high BP associated with decreased grip strength could be due to the inherent increase in BP in youths with high BMI. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between grip strength and BP in adolescents independent of BMI. A total of 88 865 Chinese adolescents aged 13-17 years were included in this study. Sex-, age- and height-specific references were applied to calculate the BP z-score and define elevated BP. Grip strength was evaluated as handgrip (kg)/weight (kg) and converted into a sex- and age-specific z-score for analysis. Using fractional polynomial regression, we found that increased BMI was associated with enhanced BP and decreased grip strength; however, after stratification by or adjustment for BMI, strong grip strength was related to an increased BP. Logistic regression models revealed that a one s.d. increase in boys' grip strength z-score was associated with an 18% (95% confidence interval: 12, 25) to 37% (19, 59) higher risk of elevated BP when adjusted for BMI. These associations remained significant after further adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness. A similar pattern was also observed in girls. These results indicated that strong grip strength was associated with increased adolescent BP after adjustment for BMI. Our findings raise questions about using muscle-strengthening training as an approach to improve the BP profile in adolescents.
Collapse
|
1088
|
Angulo J, El Assar M, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Frailty and sarcopenia as the basis for the phenotypic manifestation of chronic diseases in older adults. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:1-32. [PMID: 27370407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a functional status that precedes disability and is characterized by decreased functional reserve and increased vulnerability. In addition to disability, the frailty phenotype predicts falls, institutionalization, hospitalization and mortality. Frailty is the consequence of the interaction between the aging process and some chronic diseases and conditions that compromise functional systems and finally produce sarcopenia. Many of the clinical manifestations of frailty are explained by sarcopenia which is closely related to poor physical performance. Reduced regenerative capacity, malperfusion, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation compose the sarcopenic skeletal muscle alterations associated to the frailty phenotype. Inflammation appears as a common determinant for chronic diseases, sarcopenia and frailty. The strategies to prevent the frailty phenotype include an adequate amount of physical activity and exercise as well as pharmacological interventions such as myostatin inhibitors and specific androgen receptor modulators. Cell response to stress pathways such as Nrf2, sirtuins and klotho could be considered as future therapeutic interventions for the management of frailty phenotype and aging-related chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
1089
|
Knobe M, Giesen M, Plate S, Gradl-Dietsch G, Buecking B, Eschbach D, van Laack W, Pape HC. The Aachen Mobility and Balance Index to measure physiological falls risk: a comparison with the Tinetti POMA Scale. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2016; 42:537-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s00068-016-0693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
1090
|
Li JJ, Wittert GA, Vincent A, Atlantis E, Shi Z, Appleton SL, Hill CL, Jenkins AJ, Januszewski AS, Adams RJ. Muscle grip strength predicts incident type 2 diabetes: Population-based cohort study. Metabolism 2016; 65:883-92. [PMID: 27173467 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the longitudinal relationship of muscle mass and strength with incident type 2 diabetes, and previously unstudied mediating effects of testosterone and inflammation. METHODS Community-dwelling male participants (aged ≥35years) of the Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) Study underwent biomedical assessment in 2002-2006 and 2007-2010, including hand grip strength (dynamometer), testosterone and inflammatory markers. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) was assessed at baseline only. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as a self-reported doctor diagnosis, diabetes medication use, fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0mmol/L, or glycated haemoglobin ≥6.5% (48mmol/mol) at follow-up, that was not present at baseline. RESULTS Of n=1632 men, incident type 2 diabetes occurred in 146 (8.9%). Muscle mass was not associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Grip strength was inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) per 5kg: 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80-0.95; adjusted OR, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.78-0.97]. Arm muscle quality (grip strength divided by arm lean mass) was similarly associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Testosterone, IL-6 and TNF-α did not significantly mediate the associations. The population attributable fraction of type 2 diabetes from low grip strength was 27% (13-40%), assuming intervention could increase strength by 25%. CONCLUSIONS Reduced muscle strength, but not reduced muscle mass, is a risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes in men. This is not mediated by testosterone or inflammation. Intervention could prevent a substantial proportion of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joule J Li
- The Health Observatory, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide; Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide.
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide
| | - Andrew Vincent
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide
| | - Evan Atlantis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University
| | - Zumin Shi
- Population Research and Outcome Studies, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide
| | - Sarah L Appleton
- The Health Observatory, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide; Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide
| | - Catherine L Hill
- The Health Observatory, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney
| | | | - Robert J Adams
- The Health Observatory, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide
| |
Collapse
|
1091
|
Dent E, Kowal P, Hoogendijk EO. Frailty measurement in research and clinical practice: A review. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 31:3-10. [PMID: 27039014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality in older people is frailty. Frailty occurs when multiple physiological systems decline, to the extent that an individual's cellular repair mechanisms cannot maintain system homeostasis. This review gives an overview of the definitions and measurement of frailty in research and clinical practice, including: Fried's frailty phenotype; Rockwood and Mitnitski's Frailty Index (FI); the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Index; Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS); the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness and Loss of weight (FRAIL) Index; Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS); the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI); Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI); PRISMA-7; Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Sherbrooke Postal Questionnaire (SPQ); the Gérontopôle Frailty Screening Tool (GFST) and the Kihon Checklist (KCL), among others. We summarise the main strengths and limitations of existing frailty measurements, and examine how well these measurements operationalise frailty according to Clegg's guidelines for frailty classification - that is: their accuracy in identifying frailty; their basis on biological causative theory; and their ability to reliably predict patient outcomes and response to potential therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Dent
- Centre for Research in Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Paul Kowal
- WHO SAGE, Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Newcastle Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Emiel O Hoogendijk
- Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
1092
|
Lawman HG, Troiano RP, Perna FM, Wang CY, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Associations of Relative Handgrip Strength and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers in U.S. Adults, 2011-2012. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:677-683. [PMID: 26689977 PMCID: PMC7337414 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although decline in muscle mass and quality and resulting declines in muscle strength are associated with aging, more research is needed in general populations to assess the utility of handgrip strength as an indicator of muscle strength and cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS Data from 4,221 participants aged ≥20 years in the 2011-2012 cycle of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed during 2014-2015. Standing isometric relative handgrip strength (calculated as maximal absolute handgrip strength from both hands divided by BMI) was used to predict cardiovascular biomarkers, including blood pressure (measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure); serum lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides); and plasma insulin and glucose. RESULTS Results from regression analyses showed that higher relative grip strength was significantly associated with lower systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and plasma insulin and glucose, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in male and female participants (p<0.05 for all). Secondary descriptive analyses found that absolute handgrip strength increased significantly with increasing weight status, but relative handgrip strength decreased significantly with increasing weight status. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that increased relative handgrip strength may be associated with a better profile of cardiovascular health biomarkers among U.S. adults. Relative grip strength, which both adjusts for the confounding of mass and assesses concomitant health risks of increased body size and low muscle strength, may be a useful public health measure of muscle strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Lawman
- CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland.
| | | | | | - Chia-Yih Wang
- CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Cheryl D Fryar
- CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Cynthia L Ogden
- CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
1093
|
Schaap L, Fox B, Henwood T, Bruyère O, Reginster JY, Beaudart C, Buckinx F, Roberts H, Cooper C, Cherubini A, dell’Aquilla G, Maggio M, Volpato S. Grip strength measurement: Towards a standardized approach in sarcopenia research and practice. Eur Geriatr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
1094
|
Strand BH, Cooper R, Bergland A, Jørgensen L, Schirmer H, Skirbekk V, Emaus N. The association of grip strength from midlife onwards with all-cause and cause-specific mortality over 17 years of follow-up in the Tromsø Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:1214-1221. [PMID: 27229009 PMCID: PMC5136688 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Grip strength has consistently been found to predict all-cause mortality rates. However, few studies have examined cause-specific mortality or tested age differences in these associations. Methods In 1994, grip strength was measured in the population-based Tromsø Study, covering the ages 50–80 years (N=6850). Grip strength was categorised into fifths, and as z-scores. In this cohort study, models with all-cause mortality and deaths from specific causes as the outcome were performed, stratified by sex and age using Cox regression, adjusting for lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Results During 17 years of follow-up, 2338 participants died. A 1 SD reduction in grip strength was associated with HR=1.17 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.22) for all-cause mortality in a model adjusted for age, gender and body size. This association was similar across all age groups, in men and women, and robust to adjustment for a range of lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Results for deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases and external causes resembled those for all-cause mortality, while for cancer, the association was much weaker and not significant after adjustment for lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Conclusions Weaker grip strength was associated with increased all-cause mortality rates, with similar effects on deaths due to CVD, respiratory disease and external causes, while a much weaker association was observed for cancer-related deaths. These associations were similar in both genders and across age groups, which supports the hypothesis that grip strength might be a biomarker of ageing over the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Heine Strand
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | | | - Lone Jørgensen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Therapeutic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
1095
|
Carrero JJ, Johansen KL, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Cuppari L, Avesani CM. Screening for muscle wasting and dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 90:53-66. [PMID: 27157695 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass and muscle function are negatively affected by a variety of conditions inherent to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to dialysis treatment. Skeletal muscle mass and function serve as indicators of the nutritional and clinical state of CKD patients, and low values or derangements over time are strong predictors of poor patient outcomes. However, muscle size and function can be affected by different factors, may decline at different rates, and may have different patient implications. Therefore, operational definitions of frailty and sarcopenia have emerged to encompass these 2 dimensions of muscle health, i.e., size and functionality. The aim of this review is to appraise available methods for assessment of muscle mass and functionality, with an emphasis on their accuracy in the setting of CKD patients. We then discuss the selection of reference cutoffs for defining conditions of muscle wasting and dysfunction. Finally, we review definitions applied in studies addressing sarcopenia and frailty in CKD patients and discuss their applicability for diagnosis and monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Carrero
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kirsten L Johansen
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilian Cuppari
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla M Avesani
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
1096
|
Bleker LS, de Rooij SR, Painter RC, van der Velde N, Roseboom TJ. Prenatal Undernutrition and Physical Function and Frailty at the Age of 68 Years: The Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1306-14. [PMID: 27146370 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence suggesting that the aging process has its origins in utero. We have previously shown that prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine is associated with chronic noncommunicable diseases and poorer cognitive function in men and women and increased mortality in women. We investigated whether prenatal undernutrition during early gestation is associated with decreased physical function in later life. METHODS Between November 2012 and September 2013, we have studied a random subsample of 150 members of the Dutch famine birth cohort at the age of 68 years, of which 49 were exposed to prenatal undernutrition. In this observational study, we measured indicators of physical function including grip strength and the short physical performance battery. We composed categories of frailty, according to the Fried frailty scale. We also assessed self-reported activity and self-perceived health. RESULTS Men, but not women, exposed to prenatal undernutrition had significantly lower grip strength (B = -4.2kg; 95% confidence interval: -8.2 to -0.3) and a lower physical performance score (B = -0.8 points; 95% confidence interval: -1.5 to 0.0) than unexposed men, independent of relevant confounders. There were no differences in frailty, self-reported activity, or self-perceived health between exposed and unexposed groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study results suggest that prenatal undernutrition is associated with decreased physical function in later life in men, but not in women. Our findings provide further evidence for the hypothesis that prenatal undernutrition may lead to an accelerated aging process in humans. We currently do not have sufficient power to detect effects on frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Bleker
- Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,
| | | | | | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology, and
| |
Collapse
|
1097
|
Smith S, Madden AM. Body composition and functional assessment of nutritional status in adults: a narrative review of imaging, impedance, strength and functional techniques. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29:714-732. [PMID: 27137882 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The accurate and valid assessment of body composition is essential for the diagnostic evaluation of nutritional status, identifying relevant outcome measures, and determining the effectiveness of current and future nutritional interventions. Developments in technology and our understanding of the influences of body composition on risk and outcome will provide practitioners with new opportunities to enhance current practice and to lead future improvements in practice. This is the second of a two-part narrative review that aims to critically evaluate body composition methodology in diverse adult populations, with a primary focus on its use in the assessment and monitoring of under-nutrition. Part one focused on anthropometric variables [Madden and Smith (2016) J Hum Nutr Diet 29: 7-25] and part two focuses on the use of imaging techniques, bioelectrical impedance analysis, markers of muscle strength and functional status, with particular reference to developments relevant to practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M Madden
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
1098
|
Peterson MD, Zhang P, Saltarelli WA, Visich PS, Gordon PM. Low Muscle Strength Thresholds for the Detection of Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:593-599. [PMID: 26585050 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an association between strength and health among adolescents, yet, what remains to be determined is sex-specific cut points for low strength in the detection of risk in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine thresholds of low grip strength in a large cohort (N=1,326) of adolescents. METHODS All data were collected between 2005 and 2008, and analyzed in 2014-2015. A cardiometabolic risk score (MetScore) was computed from the following components: percent body fat, fasting glucose, blood pressure, plasma triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A high-risk cardiometabolic phenotype was characterized as ≥75th percentile of the MetScore. Conditional inference tree analyses were used to identify sex-specific, low normalized strength (grip strength/body mass) thresholds and risk categories. RESULTS Lower strength was independently associated with increased odds of the high-risk cardiometabolic phenotype, such that for every 5% decrement of normalized strength, there were 1.48 and 1.45 increased odds (p<0.001) for boys and girls, even after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. Conditional tree analysis revealed a high-risk threshold for boys (≤0.33) and girls (≤0.28), as well as an intermediate threshold (boys, >0.33 and ≤0.45; girls, >0.28 and ≤0.36). CONCLUSIONS These sex-specific thresholds of low strength can be incorporated into a clinical setting for identifying adolescents that would benefit from lifestyle interventions to improve muscular fitness and reduce cardiometabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William A Saltarelli
- Human Performance Laboratory, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Paul S Visich
- Exercise and Sport Performance Department, University of New England, Portland, Maine
| | - Paul M Gordon
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
1099
|
Obayashi K, Saeki K, Maegawa T, Sakai T, Kitagawa M, Otaki N, Kataoka H, Kurumatani N. Association of Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine With Muscle Strength and Gait Speed: A Cross-Sectional Study of the HEIJO-KYO Cohort. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1107-13. [PMID: 26704561 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle strength and gait speed are related with functional limitations and disabilities and also predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in regulating physiological process in skeletal muscles; however, the association between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level, an endogenous competitive inhibitor of NO synthesis, and physical performance has not yet been studied. We investigated the associations of serum ADMA level with muscle strength and usual gait speed in a cross-sectional study of 550 elderly individuals (mean age, 71.2 ± 6.6 years). Mean ADMA level was 0.45 ± 0.06 µmol/L; mean grip and quadriceps strengths were 27.7 ± 8.4 kg and 165.1 ± 81.6 Nm, respectively; and mean gait speed was 1.37 ± 0.30 m/s. In multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors (age, gender, body weight, smoking and drinking status, household income, hypertension, diabetes, renal function, and physical activity), higher serum ADMA level was significantly associated with lower grip and quadriceps strengths and slower gait speed (grip strength: β, -1.257; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.990 to -0.525; p = 0.001; quadriceps strength: β, -11.730; 95% CI, -20.924 to -2.536; p = 0.012; gait speed: β, -0.065; 95% CI, -0.108 to -0.022; p = 0.003). Our findings indicate the significant association between serum ADMA level and physical performance among elderly individuals, which was independent of the important potential confounders. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Naoto Otaki
- Department of Dietary Life and Food Science, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
1100
|
Cooper R. Occupational activity across adult life and its association with grip strength. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:425-6. [PMID: 27127233 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|