11051
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Viganò M, Serra G, Casella G, Grossi G, Lampertico P. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus during targeted therapies for cancer and immune-mediated disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:917-26. [PMID: 27088278 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1177017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted therapies have gained popularity in the treatment of several oncologic and immune-mediated diseases. Immunosuppression caused by these drugs has been associated to reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients (overt infection) and HBsAg negative/anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) positive carriers (resolved infection), leading to premature discontinuation of therapy and potentially fatal hepatitis. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the evidence of HBV reactivation in patients with overt or resolved HBV infection undergoing targeted therapies for cancer or immune-mediated disorders, providing recommendations for the management of these patients. EXPERT OPINION The risk of HBV reactivation relies on the immunosuppressive potency and duration of these therapies, the underlying disease and the virological patient's profile. However, HBV reactivation is preventable by screening for HBV markers in all patients scheduled to receive targeted therapies, assessing the virological profile and patient's clinical state, followed by appropriate antiviral treatment or prophylaxis in those patients at high risk of HBV reactivation. Close monitoring of HBV carriers at low risk of reactivation is warranted with the aim to start antiviral therapy as soon as HBV reactivates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Viganò
- a Hepatology Unit, Ospedale San Giuseppe , Università di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | | | | | - Glenda Grossi
- c A.M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Università di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- c A.M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Università di Milano , Milan , Italy
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11052
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Moon J, Kaowinn S, Cho IR, Min DS, Myung H, Oh S, Kaewpiboon C, Kraemer OH, Chung YH. Hepatitis C virus core protein enhances hepatocellular carcinoma cells to be susceptible to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus through down-regulation of HDAC4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:428-434. [PMID: 27150631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is known to possess potential oncogenic activity, we explored whether oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) could efficiently induce cytolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells stably expressing HCV core protein (Hep3B-Core). We found that Hep3B-Core cells were more susceptible to VSV as compared to control (Hep3B-Vec) cells owing to core-mediated inactivation of STAT1 and STAT2 proteins. Core expression induced lower phosphorylation levels of type I IFN signaling proteins such as Tyk2 and Jak1, and a reduced response to exogenous IFN-α, which resulted in susceptibility to VSV. Furthermore, as STAT1 acetylation by switching phosphorylation regulated its activity, the role of STAT1 acetylation in susceptibility of Hep3B-Core cells to VSV was investigated. Treatment with trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), increased STAT1 acetylation but blocked IFN-α-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, leading to increase of susceptibility to VSV. Interestingly, the core protein decreased HDCA4 transcript levels, leading to down-regulation of HDAC4 protein. However, ectopic expression of HDAC4 conversely enforced phosphorylation of STAT1 and hindered VSV replication, indicating that core-mediated reduction of HDAC4 provides a suitable intracellular circumstance for VSV replication. Collectively, we suggest that VSV treatment will be a useful therapeutic strategy for HCV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma cells because HCV core protein suppresses the anti-viral threshold by down-regulation of the STAT1-HDAC4 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Moon
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Republic of Korea
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Rae Cho
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoon Myung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, 449-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thakshin University, Phatthalung, 93210, Thailand
| | - Olive H Kraemer
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Republic of Korea.
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11053
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Could serotonin be a potential marker for hepatocellular carcinoma? A prospective single-center observational study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 28:599-605. [PMID: 26741637 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality among men worldwide. Serotonin is a biogenic amine, which may be involved in the tumorigenesis of HCC. AIM We aimed to determine whether serotonin is a dependable marker for the diagnosis of HCC in cirrhotic patients in comparison with α-fetoprotein protein (AFP) and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II). PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum serotonin, AFP, and PIVKA-II were measured in 262 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC): 82 cirrhotic patients with HCC (group I), 80 cirrhotic patients without HCC (group II), and 100 CHC-infected patients without cirrhosis (group III); in addition, 60 healthy controls were studied (group IV). RESULTS AFP showed significant statistical differences among the groups studied (P<0.001). PIVKA-II and serotonin levels showed no statistically significant differences between the patients with CHC group and the healthy controls (P1=0.614 and P1=0.13, respectively), whereas their levels were statistically higher in cirrhotic patients than patients with CHC (all P values <0.001) and in the cirrhotic patients with HCC group than the cirrhotic patients without HCC (P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between serum serotonin and AFP (rho=0.794; P<0.001) and serum serotonin and PIVKA-II (rho=0.889; P<0.001) among the patient groups. The receiver operator characteristic curve showed a higher area under the curve for serotonin than AFP and PIVKA-II (0.942, 0.824, and 0.921, respectively). CONCLUSION Serotonin may be used together with PIVKA-II to screen for HCC in cirrhotic patients with CHC.
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11054
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Epidemiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in the United States and the Rest of the World. Clin Liver Dis 2016; 20:205-14. [PMID: 27063264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease with increasing prevalence, which can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. Because of the obesity epidemic and increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, NAFLD and its progressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, are seen more commonly in different parts of the world. This article reviews the worldwide epidemiology of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The PubMed database was used to identify studies related to epidemiology of NAFLD in the adult population. It is estimated that the epidemic of obesity will continue to fuel the burden of NAFLD and its long-term complications.
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11055
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Breimer LH, Mikhailidis DP. Does bilirubin protect against developing diabetes mellitus? J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:728-37. [PMID: 26922581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
After 25 years of evaluating bilirubin as a possible protective agent in neonatal and cardiovascular disease, interest has moved on to a exploring a possible protective role in diabetes mellitus (DM). This review finds conflicting prospective data for a protective relationship though there are retrospective, case-controlled data, that can only show association, which is not causality. Only prospective studies can show causality. Also, it would appear that the underlying biochemical assumptions do not readily translate from the animal to the human setting. Given that many factors impact on circulating bilirubin levels, it is not surprising that a clear-cut answer is not available; the jury is still out. Any relationship between DM and bilirubin might relate to intermediates in bilirubin metabolism, including relationships involving the genes for the enzymes participating in those steps. Nevertheless, the pursuit of bilirubin in disease causation is opening new avenues for research and if it is established that serum bilirubin can predict risks, much will have been achieved. The answer may have to come from molecular genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Breimer
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, NW3 2QG, UK
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11056
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Maruyama H, Sekimoto T, Yokosuka O. Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with Sonazoid for hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from a 10-year experience. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:421-33. [PMID: 26694825 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents primary liver cancer. Because the development of HCC limits the prognosis as well as the quality of life of the patients, its management should be properly conducted based on an accurate diagnosis. The liver is the major target organ of ultrasound (US), which is the simple, non-invasive, and real-time imaging method available worldwide. Microbubble-based contrast agents are safe and reliable and have become popular, which has resulted in the improvement of diagnostic performances of US due to the increased detectability of the peripheral blood flow. Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA), a second-generation contrast agent, shows the unique property of accumulation in the liver and spleen. Contrast-enhanced US with Sonazoid is now one of the most frequently used modalities in the practical management of liver tumors, including the detection and characterization of the nodule, evaluation of the effects of non-surgical treatment, intraoperative support, and post-treatment surveillance. This article reviews the 10-year evidence for contrast-enhanced US with Sonazoid in the practical management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Sekimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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11057
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bleeding from gastric varices is more severe than that from esophageal varices, but its management remains debated. We aimed to determine how French hepatogastroenterologists manage cirrhotic patients with gastric varices. METHODS Hepatogastroenterologists (n=1163) working in general or university hospitals received a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 155 hepatogastroenterologists (13.3%) from 112 centers (33.3%; 39/40 university hospitals, 73/296 general hospitals) answered. Primary prophylaxis was used by 98.1% of hepatogastroenterologists as follows: β-blockers 96.1% (93.8 vs. 97.0%; university vs. general hospitals respectively; P=0.57), glue obliteration 16.9% (17.2 vs. 16.3%; P=0.88), and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) 8.0% (12.7 vs. 4.6%; P=0.12). To manage bleeding, university hospitals had greater local access to glue obliteration (95.4 vs. 68.2%; P<0.001) and TIPS (78.5 vs. 3.5%; P<0.001). Early TIPS was proposed by 53.6% (72.1 vs. 39.2%; P<0.001). Glue obliteration was performed under general anesthesia (86.1%) using Glubran (43.1%) or Histoacryl (52.9%), and lipiodol (78.8%) with varying degrees of dilution (1 : 10 to 3 : 4). The injected volume per varix varied widely (1-20 ml). Glue obliteration, band ligation, or both were used by, respectively, 64.2, 18.2, and 17.5% of practitioners. Almost all hepatogastroenterologists (98%) performed secondary prophylaxis: β-blockers 74.7% (75.0 vs. 74.4%, university vs. general hospitals; P=0.93), glue obliteration 66.0% (76.9 vs. 57.6%; P=0.013), and TIPS 30.0% (39.1 vs. 23.3%; P=0.037). CONCLUSION The management of gastric varices in France is heterogeneous across centers. University hospitals have better access to techniques such as glue obliteration and TIPS. As bleeding from gastric varices has a poor outcome, guidelines should be established to standardize clinical practices and design further studies.
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11058
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Shin SY, Jeong SH, Sung PS, Lee J, Kim HJ, Lee HW, Shin EC. Comparative Analysis of Liver Injury-Associated Cytokines in Acute Hepatitis A and B. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:652-7. [PMID: 26996565 PMCID: PMC4800355 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute hepatitis A (AHA) and acute hepatitis B (AHB) are caused by an acute infection of the hepatitis A virus and the hepatitis B virus, respectively. In both AHA and AHB, liver injury is known to be mediated by immune cells and cytokines. In this study, we measured serum levels of various cytokines and T-cell cytotoxic proteins in patients with AHA or AHB to identify liver injury-associated cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six patients with AHA, 16 patients with AHB, and 14 healthy adults were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of 17 cytokines and T-cell cytotoxic proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or cytometric bead arrays and analyzed for correlation with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. RESULTS Interleukin (IL)-18, IL-8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were significantly elevated in both AHA and AHB. IL-6, IL-22, granzyme B, and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) were elevated in AHA but not in AHB. In both AHA and AHB, the serum level of CXCL10 significantly correlated with the peak ALT level. Additionally, the serum level of granzyme B in AHA and the serum level of sFasL in AHB correlated with the peak ALT level. CONCLUSION We identified cytokines and T-cell cytotoxic proteins associated with liver injury in AHA and AHB. These findings deepen the existing understanding of immunological mechanisms responsible for liver injury in acute viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sook-Hyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jino Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.
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11059
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Liu W, Baker RD, Bhatia T, Zhu L, Baker SS. Pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1969-87. [PMID: 26894897 PMCID: PMC11108381 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathological features of NASH include steatosis, hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and various degrees of fibrosis. Steatosis reflects disordered lipid metabolism. Insulin resistance and excessive fatty acid influx to the liver are two important contributing factors. Steatosis is also likely associated with lipotoxicity and cellular stresses such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which result in hepatocyte injury. Inflammation and fibrosis are frequently triggered by various signals such as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, released by injuried hepatocytes and activated Kupffer cells. Although much progress has been made, the pathogenesis of NASH is not fully elucidated. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of NASH pathogenesis, mainly focusing on factors contributing to steatosis, hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Robert D Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Tavleen Bhatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Susan S Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), 3435 Main Street, 422 BRB, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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11060
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Lim YS, Byun KS, Yoo BC, Kwon SY, Kim YJ, An J, Lee HC, Lee YS. Tenofovir monotherapy versus tenofovir and entecavir combination therapy in patients with entecavir-resistant chronic hepatitis B with multiple drug failure: results of a randomised trial. Gut 2016; 65:852-60. [PMID: 25596179 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little clinical data are available regarding the optimal treatment of patients who harbour entecavir (ETV)-resistant HBV. DESIGN In this multicentre randomised trial, patients who had HBV with ETV resistance-associated mutations and serum HBV DNA concentrations >60 IU/mL were randomised to receive tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, 300 mg/day) monotherapy (n=45) or TDF and ETV (1 mg/day) combination therapy (n=45) for 48 weeks. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups, including HBV DNA levels (median, 4.02 log10 IU/mL) and hepatitis B e antigen-positivity (89%). All patients had at least one ETV-resistance mutation: rtT184A/C/F/G/I/L/S (n=49), rtS202G (n=43) and rtM250L/V (n=7), in addition to rtM204V/I (n=90). All except one patient in the TDF group completed 48 weeks of treatment. At week 48, the proportion of patients with HBV DNA <15 IU/mL, the primary efficacy endpoint, was not significantly different between the TDF and TDF+ETV groups (71% vs. 73%; p>0.99). The mean change in HBV DNA levels from baseline was not significantly different between groups (-3.66 vs. -3.74 log10 IU/mL; p=0.81). Virological breakthrough occurred in one patient on TDF, which was attributed to poor drug adherence. At week 48, six and three patients in the TDF and TDF+ETV groups, respectively, retained their baseline resistance mutations (p>0.99). None developed additional resistance mutations. Safety profiles were comparable in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS TDF monotherapy for 48 weeks provided a virological response comparable to that of TDF and ETV combination therapy in patients infected with ETV-resistant HBV. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01639092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11061
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Ray G. 5-year efficacy of entecavir in Indian patients with chronic hepatitis B. Indian J Gastroenterol 2016; 35:190-4. [PMID: 27216583 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-016-0664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entecavir, a drug with high potency and genetic barrier against hepatitis B virus, was believed to become very effective in reducing the hepatitis B burden in India. Long-term studies on its treatment outcome are scarce. METHODS One hundred and six chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (17 cirrhotics of Child class A/B) who received entecavir therapy (0.5/1 mg/day) in a prospective open-label study from January 2010 to September 2015 were included in the analysis. Strict drug compliance was ensured. At least 1-year follow up was mandatory. Patients were followed up for HBV DNA negativity, e antigen seroconversion and hepatic events. Subgroup analysis for HBV DNA negativity was done for age (below and above 60 years), sex, HBV DNA level, e antigen status, cirrhosis and prior other modes of therapy. RESULTS One (0.94 %) patient had primary drug resistance. Mean follow up was 2.5 (1 to 5) years. Overall HBV DNA negativity was 89 % to 98 % at 1 to 5 years and e antigen seroconversion rate 18.2 % at 5 years. ALT normalization paralleled HBV DNA negativity. No flare, decompensation, hepatocellular cancer or adverse reaction to drug was observed. Most achieved HBV DNA negativity after 6 months of therapy with lower response in those with high HBV DNA level, cirrhosis and prior therapy at baseline but only up to 1 year. Relapse was universal after stoppage of therapy. None lost HBsAg. CONCLUSION Entecavir will need to be continued indefinitely in Indian patients with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Ray
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, B R Singh Hospital, Kolkata, 700 014, India.
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11062
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Papatheodoridis G, Vlachogiannakos I, Cholongitas E, Wursthorn K, Thomadakis C, Touloumi G, Petersen J. Discontinuation of oral antivirals in chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review. Hepatology 2016; 63:1481-92. [PMID: 27100145 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The possibility of safe discontinuation of therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) remains one of the most controversial topics in the management of chronic hepatitis B. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the existing data on NA discontinuation in this setting and tried to identify factors affecting the probability of posttherapy remission. A literature search was performed in order to identify all published studies including patients who discontinued NAs in virological remission (VR) and were followed for ≥12 months thereafter. Twenty-five studies with 1716 patients were included. The pooled rates of durable VR remission were 51.4%, 39.3%, and 38.2% at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, after NA discontinuation, being relatively higher in initially hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients (62.5%, 53.4%, 51.5%) than HBeAg-negative patients (43.7%, 31.3%, 30.1%) (P = 0.064). The weighted probability of durable biochemical remission was 65.4%, being numerically higher in HBeAg-positive than HBeAg-negative patients (76.2% versus 56.7%, P = 0.130). The weighted probability of hepatitis B surface antigen loss was 2.0%. The rates of durable VR did not significantly differ according to the VR definition (hepatitis B virus DNA <200, < 2000, < 20,000 IU/mL) or duration of on-therapy VR in HBeAg-positive patients, but they were significantly higher in studies with HBeAg-negative patients and on-therapy VR > 24 than ≤ 24 months (VR at 12 months off-NAs: 75.0% versus 35.6%, P = 0.005). The weighted probability of durable HBeAg seroconversion was 91.9% and 88.0% at 12 and 24 months, respectively, after NA discontinuation without being affected by the duration of on-therapy VR or consolidation therapy (>6 months in all studies). CONCLUSION Durable VR seems to be feasible in a substantial proportion of patients who discontinue long-term NA therapy; on-therapy VR > 24 months offers higher chances of off-NA VR in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Papatheodoridis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vlachogiannakos
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Cholongitas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Aristotle University, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Karsten Wursthorn
- IFI Institute at Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christos Thomadakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giota Touloumi
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jörg Petersen
- IFI Institute at Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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11063
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Ahn SH, Lim YS, Lee KS, Paik SW, Lee YJ, Jeong SH, Kim JH, Yoon SK, Yim HJ, Tak WY, Han SY, Yang JC, Mo H, Mathias A, Han L, Knox SJ, Brainard DM, Kim YJ, Byun KS, Kim YS, Heo J, Han KH. A phase 3b study of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced Korean patients chronically infected with genotype 2 hepatitis C virus. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:358-65. [PMID: 26864153 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In Korea, patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are typically treated with pegylated interferon-alpha plus ribavirin, but interferons are contraindicated in many patients and are often poorly tolerated, particularly by the elderly and those with advanced liver disease. No interferon-free treatment regimens are approved in Korea. Sofosbuvir is an oral nucleotide analog inhibitor of the HCV nonstructural 5B RNA polymerase. It is approved in the USA, European Union and Japan for treating a number of HCV genotypes, including genotype 2. Genotype 2 has a seroprevalence of 38-46% in Korea. This single-arm, phase 3b study (NCT02021643) examined the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin (12-week duration) in chronic genotype 2 HCV-infected treatment-naive and treatment-experienced Korean patients with and without cirrhosis. The proportion of patients with sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation (SVR12) was 97% (125/129), with 96% (101/105) of treatment-naive and 100% (24/24) of treatment-experienced patients achieving SVR12. Two patients experienced virologic failure (n = 1, on-treatment failure; n = 1, relapse). No patient discontinued study treatment due to an adverse event (AE). The most common treatment-emergent AEs were headache (18%, 23/129) and pruritus (15%, 19/129). Few patients had grade 3 AEs (5%, 6/129) or grade 3 laboratory abnormalities (12%, 15/129). No grade 4 AE was reported. These data suggest that 12 weeks of treatment with the all-oral, interferon-free regimen of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin is effective and well tolerated in Korean patients with chronic genotype 2 HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ahn
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul-Korea, South Korea
| | - Y S Lim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul-Korea, South Korea
| | - K S Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul-Korea, South Korea
| | - S W Paik
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul-Korea, South Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan-Korea, South Korea
| | - S H Jeong
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-Korea, South Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon-Korea, South Korea
| | - S K Yoon
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul-Korea, South Korea
| | - H J Yim
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do-Korea, South Korea
| | - W Y Tak
- Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S Y Han
- Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan-Korea, South Korea
| | - J C Yang
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - H Mo
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - A Mathias
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - L Han
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - S J Knox
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Y J Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Byun
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul-Korea, South Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-Korea, South Korea
| | - J Heo
- Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - K H Han
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul-Korea, South Korea
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11064
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Kim SU, Kim BK, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Song K, Han KH. Transient Elastography is Superior to FIB-4 in Assessing the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3434. [PMID: 27196449 PMCID: PMC4902391 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver stiffness (LS), assessed using transient elastography (TE), and (FIB-4) can both estimate the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We compared prognostic performances of LS and FIB-4 to predict HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Data from 1308 patients with CHB, who underwent TE, were retrospectively analyzed. FIB-4 was calculated for all patients. The cumulative rate of HCC development was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. The predictive performances of LS and FIB-4 were evaluated using time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves.The mean age (883 men) was 50 years. During follow-up (median 6.1 years), 119 patients developed HCC. The areas under the ROC curves (AUROCs) predicting HCC risk at 3, 5, and 7 years were consistently greater for LS than for FIB-4 (0.791-0.807 vs 0.691-0.725; all P < 0.05). Similarly, when the respective AUROCs for LS and FIB-4 at every time point during the 7-year follow-up were plotted, LS also showed consistently better performance than FIB-4 after 1 year of enrollment. The combined use of LS and FIB-4 significantly enhanced the prognostic performance compared with the use of FIB-4 alone (P < 0.05), but the performance of the combined scores was statistically similar to that of LS alone (P > 0.05).LS showed significantly better performance than FIB-4 in assessing the risk of HCC development, and the combined use of LS and FIB-4 did not provide additional benefit compared with the use of LS alone. Hence, LS assessed using TE might be helpful for optimizing HCC surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Up Kim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (SUK, BKK, JYP, DYK, SHA, K-HH); Institute of Gastroenterology (SUK, BKK, JYP, DYK, SHA, K-HH); Department of Biostatistics (KS), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Translational Research Informatics Center (KS, K-HH), Japan
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11065
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Rosenqvist K, Eriksson LG, Rorsman F, Sangfelt P, Nyman R. Endovascular treatment of acute and chronic portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver. Acta Radiol 2016; 57:572-9. [PMID: 26253926 DOI: 10.1177/0284185115595060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) differs due to different etiology and wide range of symptoms but certain patients seems to benefit from endovascular intervention. PURPOSE To assess the safety and efficiency of endovascular treatment of acute and chronic PVT in patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one patients with PVT treated with an endovascular procedure in 2002-2013 were studied retrospectively. Data on etiology, onset and extension of thrombus, presenting symptoms, methods of intervention, portal pressure gradients, complications, recurrence of symptoms, re-interventions, clinical status at latest follow-up, and survival were collected. RESULTS Four non-cirrhotic patients with acute extensive PVT and bowel ischemia were treated with local thrombolysis, in three combined with placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement. Three recovered and have survived more than 6 years. In six non-cirrhotic patients with chronic PVT and acute or threatening variceal bleeding recanalization and TIPS were successful in three and failed in three. Eleven cirrhotic patients with PVT and variceal bleeding or refractory ascites were successfully treated with recanalization and TIPS. Re-intervention was performed in five of these patients and five patients died, three within 12 months of intervention. Four cirrhotic patients had episodes of shunt-related encephalopathy and three had variceal re-bleeding. CONCLUSION TIPS was found to be effective in reducing portal hypertension in patients with PVT. In patients with extensive PVT and bowel ischemia treatment with TIPS combined with thrombolysis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Rosenqvist
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Section of Interventional and Gastrointestinal Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars-Gunnar Eriksson
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Section of Interventional and Gastrointestinal Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rorsman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Sangfelt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rickard Nyman
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Section of Interventional and Gastrointestinal Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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11066
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Lee J, Sinn DH, Paik SW. The Author's Response: Anti-Viral Therapy for Compensated Liver Cirrhosis Patients with Normal Alanine Aminotransferase. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:825-6. [PMID: 27134510 PMCID: PMC4835615 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.5.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junggyu Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woon Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11067
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Heidari R, Esmailie N, Azarpira N, Najibi A, Niknahad H. Effect of Thiol-reducing Agents and Antioxidants on Sulfasalazine-induced Hepatic Injury in Normotermic Recirculating Isolated Perfused Rat Liver. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:133-40. [PMID: 27123164 PMCID: PMC4843982 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfasalzine is a widely administered drug against inflammatory-based disorders in human. However several cases of liver injury are associated with its administration. There is no stabilized safe protective agent against sulfasalazine-induced liver injury. Current investigation was designed to evaluate if N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and dithioteritol (DTT) as thiol reducing agents and/or vitamins C and E as antioxidants have any protective effects against sulfasalazine-induced hepatic injury in an ex vivo model of isolated rat liver. Rat liver was canulated and perfused via portal vein in a closed recirculating system. Different concentrations of sulfasalazine and/or thiol reductants and antioxidants were administered and markers of organ injury were monitored at different time intervals. It was found that 5 mM of sulfasalazine caused marked liver injury as judged by rise in liver perfusate level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < 0.05). A significant amount of lipid peroxidation and hepatic glutathione depletion were detected in drug-treated livers, accompanied with significant histopathological changes of the organ. Administration of NAC (500 μM), DTT (400 μM), Vitamin C (200 μM), or vitamin E (200 μM) significantly alleviated sulfasalazine-induced hepatic injury in isolated perfused rat liver. The data obtained from current investigation indicate potential therapeutic properties of thiol reductants and antioxidants against sulfasalazine-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Esmailie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11068
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Wang LS, D'Souza LS, Jacobson IM. Hepatitis C-A clinical review. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1844-55. [PMID: 27097298 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With an estimated prevalence of about 170 million people worldwide, chronic hepatitis C is an important cause of chronic liver disease associated with a substantial risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The recent past has borne witness to remarkable advancements in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with the development of novel, effective, and well tolerated medications that have resulted in paradigm shifts in treatment approaches and may potentially affect the natural history of the disease. We provide a clinical review of current concepts and future developments in the management of chronic hepatitis C to aid in the understanding and individualization of chronic hepatitis C treatment. J. Med. Virol. 88:1844-1855, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan S Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lionel S D'Souza
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ira M Jacobson
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York
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11069
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Chen JH, Wang YY, Lv WB, Gan Y, Chang W, Tian NN, Huang XH, Liu L, Yu XF, Chen SD. Effects of interactions between environmental factors and KIF1B genetic variants on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese cohort. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4183-4190. [PMID: 27122668 PMCID: PMC4837435 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i16.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the effect of the potential interaction between KIF1B variants (rs17401966 and rs3748578) and environmental factors on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a high-risk region in China.
METHODS: Three hundred and six patients with HCC and 306 hospital-based control participants residing in the Shunde region of Guangdong Province, China were enrolled. Clinical characteristics were collected by reviewing the complete medical histories from the patient archives, and epidemiological data were collected using a questionnaire and clinical examination. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KIF1B (rs17401966 and rs3748578) were chosen for the current study. All subjects were genotyped using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multiplicative and additive logistic regression models were used to evaluate various gene-environment interactions.
RESULTS: Smoking, frequent consumption of raw freshwater fish, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and a family history of HCC were important risk factors for HCC in this population. Chronic infection with HBV was the most important environmental risk factor for HCC [odds ratio (OR) = 12.02; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 6.02-24.00]. No significant association was found between the KIF1B variants alone and the risk of HCC. Nevertheless, a significant additive effect modification was observed between rs17401966 and alcohol consumption (P for additive interaction = 0.0382). Compared with non-drinkers carrying either the AG or GG genotype of rs17401966, individuals classified as alcohol consumers with the AA genotype of rs17401966 had a significantly increased risk of HCC (OR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.49-3.74).
CONCLUSION: The gene-environment interaction between the KIF1B rs17401966 variant and alcohol consumption may contribute to the development of HCC in Chinese individuals.
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11070
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Lee EW, So N, Chapman R, McWilliams JP, Loh CT, Busuttil RW, Kee ST. Usefulness of intra-procedural cone-beam computed tomography in modified balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices. World J Radiol 2016; 8:390-396. [PMID: 27158425 PMCID: PMC4840196 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v8.i4.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate whether intra-procedural cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) performed during modified balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (mBRTO) can accurately determine technical success of complete variceal obliteration.
METHODS: From June 2012 to December 2014, 15 patients who received CBCT during mBRTO for treatment of portal hypertensive gastric variceal bleeding were retrospectively evaluated. Three-dimensional (3D) CBCT images were performed and evaluated prior to the end of the procedure, and these were further analyzed and compared to the pre-procedure contrast-enhanced computed tomography to determine the technical success of mBRTO including: Complete occlusion/obliteration of: (1) gastrorenal shunt (GRS); (2) gastric varices; and (3) afferent feeding veins. Post-mBRTO contrast-enhanced CT was used to confirm the accuracy and diagnostic value of CBCT within 2-3 d.
RESULTS: Intra-procedural 3D-CBCT images were 100% accurate in determining the technical success of mBRTO in all 15 cases. CBCT demonstrated complete occlusion/obliteration of GRS, gastric varices, collaterals and afferent feeding veins during mBRTO, which was confirmed with post-mBRTO CT. Two patients showed incomplete obliteration of gastric varices and feeding veins on CBCT, which therefore required additional gelfoam injections to complete the procedure. No patient required additional procedures or other interventions during their follow-up period (684 ± 279 d).
CONCLUSION: CBCT during mBRTO appears to accurately and immediately determine the technical success of mBRTO. This may improve the technical and clinical success/outcome of mBRTO and reduce additional procedure time in the future.
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11071
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Duval F, Cruz-Vega DE, González-Gamboa I, González-Garza MT, Ponz F, Sánchez F, Alarcón-Galván G, Moreno-Cuevas JE. Detection of Autoantibodies to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 in Bile Duct Ligated Rats and Correlations with a Panel of Traditional Markers of Liver Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:6597970. [PMID: 27212785 PMCID: PMC4860220 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6597970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for new noninvasive biomarkers (NIBMs) able to assess cholestasis and fibrosis in chronic cholestatic liver diseases (CCLDs). Tumorigenesis can arise from CCLDs. Therefore, autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) may be early produced in response to abnormal self-antigen expression caused by cholestatic injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) has TAA potential since it is involved in cholangiocytes and lymphatic vessels proliferations during CCLDs. This study aims to detect autoantibodies directed at VEGFR-3 during bile duct ligation- (BDL-) induced cholestatic injury in rat sera and investigate whether they could be associated with traditional markers of liver damage, cholestasis, and fibrosis. An ELISA was performed to detect anti-VEGFR-3 autoantibodies in sera of rats with different degree of liver injury and results were correlated with aminotransferases, total bilirubin, and the relative fibrotic area. Mean absorbances of anti-VEGFR-3 autoantibodies were significantly increased from week one to week five after BDL. The highest correlation was observed with total bilirubin (R (2) = 0.8450, P = 3.04e - 12). In conclusion, anti-VEGFR-3 autoantibodies are early produced during BDL-induced cholestatic injury, and they are closely related to cholestasis, suggesting the potential of anti-VEGFR-3 autoantibodies as NIBMs of cholestasis in CCLDs and justifying the need for further investigations in patients with CCLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Duval
- Catedra de Terapia Celular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 3000 Pte., 64710 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Delia Elva Cruz-Vega
- Catedra de Terapia Celular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 3000 Pte., 64710 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Ivonne González-Gamboa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa González-Garza
- Catedra de Terapia Celular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 3000 Pte., 64710 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Alarcón-Galván
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño, 64460 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jorge E. Moreno-Cuevas
- Catedra de Terapia Celular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 3000 Pte., 64710 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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11072
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Shasthry SM, Sarin SK. New treatment options for alcoholic hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3892-3906. [PMID: 27099434 PMCID: PMC4823241 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i15.3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of alcoholic liver disease has rapidly grown in the past two decades and is expected to increase further in the coming years. Alcoholic hepatitis, the most florid presentation of alcoholic liver disease, continues to have high morbidity and mortality, with significant financial and healthcare burden with limited treatment options. Steroids remain the current standard of care in severe alcoholic hepatitis in carefully selected patients. No specific treatments are available for those patients who are steroid ineligible, intolerant or unresponsive. Liver transplant has shown good short-term outcome; however, feasibility, ethical and economic concerns remain. Modification of gut microbiota composition and their products, such as lipopolysaccharide, nutritional interventions, immune modulation, increasing steroid sensitivity, genetic polymorphism and epigenetic modification of alcohol induced liver damage, augmenting hepatic regeneration using GCSF are potential therapeutic avenues in steroid non-responsive/ineligible patients. With better understanding of the pathophysiology, using “Omics” platforms, newer options for patients with alcoholic hepatitis are expected soon.
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11073
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Gu L, Jin W, Kan L, Wang X, Shan C, Fan H. A retrospective study to compare the use of tacrolimus and cyclosporine in combination with adriamycin in post-transplant liver cancer patients. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 71:565-70. [PMID: 25287673 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effect of tacrolimus (TAC) versus cyclosporine (CycA) in post-transplant hepatic cancer patients undergoing adriamycin hydrochloride (ADM) chemotherapy. Patients with advanced hepatic cancer who underwent liver transplant and subsequent therapy between March 2007 and March 2009 in our hospital were selected for this study. All of these patients were treated with chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin, with respect to immunosuppressant, whereas they received either TAC or CycA, and hence represented two groups, TAC and controls, respectively. The short- and long-term outcomes of two therapies, ADM + TAC and ADM + CsA, were compared. The TAC group patients showed improved remission compared to the control group (40 cases with 46.0 % versus 32 cases with 31.1 % remission, respectively). The 5-year survival in TAC group was significantly prolonged (20.7 %) compared to that of the controls (8.7 %). The short-term outcomes, such as serum levels of calcium, biomarkers of cardiac toxicity/functioning, and regulatory T lymphocytes counts (markers of immune functioning), were found to be significantly more auspicious with TAC treatment than with CycA. Our study showed that use of TAC plus ADM resulted in improved patient survival, tolerance of the graft, and remission compared to CycA combined with ADM. The serum levels of various markers in the short follow-up analysis indicated a better cardiac and immune functioning with TAC than with CycA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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11074
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Riahi R, Shaegh SAM, Ghaderi M, Zhang YS, Shin SR, Aleman J, Massa S, Kim D, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Automated microfluidic platform of bead-based electrochemical immunosensor integrated with bioreactor for continual monitoring of cell secreted biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24598. [PMID: 27098564 PMCID: PMC4838915 DOI: 10.1038/srep24598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in developing microfluidic bioreactors and organs-on-a-chip platforms combined with sensing capabilities for continual monitoring of cell-secreted biomarkers. Conventional approaches such as ELISA and mass spectroscopy cannot satisfy the needs of continual monitoring as they are labor-intensive and not easily integrable with low-volume bioreactors. This paper reports on the development of an automated microfluidic bead-based electrochemical immunosensor for in-line measurement of cell-secreted biomarkers. For the operation of the multi-use immunosensor, disposable magnetic microbeads were used to immobilize biomarker-recognition molecules. Microvalves were further integrated in the microfluidic immunosensor chip to achieve programmable operations of the immunoassay including bead loading and unloading, binding, washing, and electrochemical sensing. The platform allowed convenient integration of the immunosensor with liver-on-chips to carry out continual quantification of biomarkers secreted from hepatocytes. Transferrin and albumin productions were monitored during a 5-day hepatotoxicity assessment in which human primary hepatocytes cultured in the bioreactor were treated with acetaminophen. Taken together, our unique microfluidic immunosensor provides a new platform for in-line detection of biomarkers in low volumes and long-term in vitro assessments of cellular functions in microfluidic bioreactors and organs-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Riahi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Masoumeh Ghaderi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Julio Aleman
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Solange Massa
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Duckjin Kim
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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11075
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Mallet V, van Bömmel F, Doerig C, Pischke S, Hermine O, Locasciulli A, Cordonnier C, Berg T, Moradpour D, Wedemeyer H, Ljungman P. Management of viral hepatitis in patients with haematological malignancy and in patients undergoing haemopoietic stem cell transplantation: recommendations of the 5th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-5). THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:606-617. [PMID: 27599653 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis affects millions of people worldwide, and host immunity is the key determinant of patient outcome. Viral hepatitis can be life threatening in patients with haematological malignancy, including haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, because of the virus itself, or through a need to decrease the dose of chemotherapy. A past or currently infected haemopoietic stem cell donor could also transmit viral hepatitis. The burden of viral hepatitis in patients with haematological malignancies and the weak evidence on which previous guidelines are based has prompted the European Conference on Infection in Leukaemia (ECIL-5) to convene a group of experts in the fields of viral hepatitis and of haematological malignancy to specifically address previously unconsidered issues and grade the available quality of evidence according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America grading system. The group recommends that all patients should be screened for hepatotropic viruses before haematological treatment and that patients or haemopoietic stem cell donors with markers of past or current viral hepatitis should be assessed by an expert. Screening, vaccination, and treatment rules are reported in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mallet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1223, Paris, France; Hepatology Service, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Port-Royal, Paris, France.
| | | | - Christopher Doerig
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Pischke
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, First Department of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department of Haematology, Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anna Locasciulli
- Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, Ospedale SanCamillo, Roma, Italia
| | - Catherine Cordonnier
- Haematology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris-Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Thomas Berg
- Hepatology Section, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Darius Moradpour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Per Ljungman
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Haematology and Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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11076
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Kosami K, Kenzaka T, Sagara Y, Minami K, Matsumura M. Clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with toxic shock syndrome: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:160. [PMID: 27091490 PMCID: PMC4836078 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a mild encephalopathy caused by various pathological processes, but encephalopathy due to bacteria is rare. Case presentation We report the case of a 45-year-old Japanese woman who on receiving chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer developed an altered mental status and dysarthria soon after fever from infection of a subcutaneous implantable port. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in her blood cultures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an ovoid lesion in the central portion of the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC). Although hypotension was not observed, we diagnosed probable toxic shock syndrome (TSS) based on fever (temperature: >38.9 °C), altered mental status, erythema, desquamation, thrombocytopenia, liver dysfunction, and creatine phosphokinase elevation. We administered antimicrobial therapy and her neurological symptoms improved gradually. The lesion in the SCC completely disappeared on MRI 7 days after disease onset. Conclusions We diagnosed this case as MERS caused by S. aureus bacteremia with TSS. This is the first report of such a case, and we suggest that when a TSS patient presents with neurological symptoms, the possibility of MERS should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kosami
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Kenzaka
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan. .,Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-5, Arata-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 652-0032, Japan.
| | - Yuka Sagara
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kensuke Minami
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Toyooka Public Hospital, Toyooka, Japan
| | - Masami Matsumura
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
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11077
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Lee S, Lee M, Kim JB, Jo A, Cho EJ, Yu SJ, Lee JH, Yoon JH, Kim YJ. 17β-estradiol exerts anticancer effects in anoikis-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by targeting IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1247-1254. [PMID: 27091428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) has been proven to exert protective effects against HCC; however, its mechanism on HCC proliferation and suppression of invasion remains to be further explored. Because HCC up-regulates serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), molecular agents that attenuate IL-6/STAT3 signaling can potentially suppress HCC development. In this study, we examined involvement of E2 in anoikis resistance that induces invasion capacities and chemo-resistance. Huh-BAT and HepG2 cells grown under anchorage-independent condition were selected. The anoikis-resistant (AR) cells showed stronger chemo-resistance against sorafenib, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin compared to adherent HCC cells. AR HCC cells exhibited decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of the N-cadherin and vimentin compared to adherent HCC cells. We then demonstrated that E2 suppressed cell proliferation in AR HCC cells. IL-6 treatment enhanced invasive characteristics, and E2 reversed it. Regarding mechanism of E2, it decreased in the phosphorylation of STAT3 that overexpressed on AR HCC cells. The inhibitory effect of E2 on cell growth was accompanied with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and caspase-3/9/PARP activation through c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings suggested that E2 inhibited the proliferation of AR HCC cells through down-regulation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Thus, E2 can be a potential therapeutic drug for treatment of metastatic or chemo-resistant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
| | - Minjong Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, 156 Baengnyeong-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Jong Bin Kim
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
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11078
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Zeng QQ, Zheng XW, Wang QJ, Yu ZP, Zhang QY. Primary hepatic actinomycosis mimicking liver tumour. ANZ J Surg 2016; 88:E629-E630. [PMID: 27080813 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qiang Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Wu Zheng
- Radiological Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun-Ji Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11079
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Yang S, Xing H, Wang Q, Wang X, Liu S, Cheng J. De novo entecavir+adefovir dipivoxil+lamivudine triple-resistance mutations resulting from sequential therapy with adefovir dipivoxil, and lamivudine. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2016; 15:24. [PMID: 27079793 PMCID: PMC4832522 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-016-0138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Entecavir-resistance mutations are commonly induced by entecavir treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients. However, entecavir+adefovir dipivoxil+lamivudine triple-resistance mutations induced by sequential or combination treatment with lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil have never been reported. Results We retrospectively reviewed 1200 patients who had been tested for anti-HBV drug resistance at Beijing Ditan Hospital of Capital Medical University, and five patients showing multidrug resistance to lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil were enrolled. Stored serum samples were used for genetic analysis, which yielded a total of 135 clones. Entecavir+adefovir dipivoxil+lamivudine triple-resistance mutations were identified in 60 % (3/5) entecavir-naïve patients who received sequential therapy with adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine. Specifically, we found one rtM204I+rtL180 M+rtM250 V+rtA181 V clone among 23 clones from patient 1 (4.35 %), one rtM204 V+vrtL180 M +rtM250 V+rtA181 V clone among 24 clones from patient 2 (4.17 %), and 2 clones harboring rtM204 V+rtL180 M+rtM250 V+rtA181 V and rtM204 V+rtL180 M+rtI169 V+rtA181 V among 20 clones from patient 3 (10.0 %). The other 2 patients showed multidrug resistance after lamivudine/telbivudine and adefovir dipivoxil combination therapy, but no entecavir-resistance mutations were found in these two patients. Conclusion De novo entecavir+adefovir dipivoxil+lamivudine triple-resistance mutations can be induced by sequential therapy with adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine in patients who never take entecavir. These results provide important information for sequential therapy with adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine and the use of entecavir as a rescue therapy for these patients with multidrug resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12941-016-0138-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Huichun Xing
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Shunai Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
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11080
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Marcuccilli M, Chonchol M. NAFLD and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:562. [PMID: 27089331 PMCID: PMC4849018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries and it is now considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Evidence linking NAFLD to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as a popular area of scientific interest. The rise in simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation as well as the significant cost associated with the presence of chronic kidney disease in the NAFLD population make this entity a worthwhile target for screening and therapeutic intervention. While several cross-sectional and case control studies have been published to substantiate these theories, very little data exists on the underlying cause of NAFLD and CKD. In this review, we will discuss the most recent publications on the diagnosis of NAFLD as well new evidence regarding the pathophysiology of NAFLD and CKD as an inflammatory disorder. These mechanisms include the role of obesity, the renin-angiotensin system, and dysregulation of fructose metabolism and lipogenesis in the development of both disorders. Further investigation of these pathways may lead to novel therapies that aim to target the NAFLD and CKD. However, more prospective studies that include information on both renal and liver histology will be necessary in order to understand the relationship between these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Marcuccilli
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, 13199 East Montview Boulevard, Suite 495, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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11081
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Lombardi R, Pisano G, Fargion S. Role of Serum Uric Acid and Ferritin in the Development and Progression of NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:548. [PMID: 27077854 PMCID: PMC4849004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome (MS), has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Since it is potentially progressive towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis, up to cirrhosis and its associated complications, the need for predictive factors of NAFLD and of its advanced forms is mandatory. Despite the current "gold standard" for the assessment of liver damage in NAFLD being liver biopsy, in recent years, several non-invasive tools have been designed as alternatives to histology, of which fibroscan seems the most promising. Among the different serum markers considered, serum uric acid (SUA) and ferritin have emerged as possible predictors of severity of liver damage in NAFLD. In fact, as widely described in this review, they share common pathogenetic pathways and are both associated with hepatic steatosis and MS, thus suggesting a likely synergistic action. Nevertheless, the power of these serum markers seems to be too low if considered alone, suggesting that they should be included in a wider perspective together with other metabolic and biochemical parameters in order to predict liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lombardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, IRCCS "Ca' Granda" IRCCS Foundation, Poiliclinico Hospital, University of Milan, Centro delle Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Pisano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, IRCCS "Ca' Granda" IRCCS Foundation, Poiliclinico Hospital, University of Milan, Centro delle Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, IRCCS "Ca' Granda" IRCCS Foundation, Poiliclinico Hospital, University of Milan, Centro delle Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato, Milan 20122, Italy.
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11082
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Stec DE, John K, Trabbic CJ, Luniwal A, Hankins MW, Baum J, Hinds TD. Bilirubin Binding to PPARα Inhibits Lipid Accumulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153427. [PMID: 27071062 PMCID: PMC4829185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical and population studies have demonstrated that increased serum bilirubin levels protect against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant, and the beneficial actions of moderate increases in plasma bilirubin have been thought to be due to the antioxidant effects of this bile pigment. In the present study, we found that bilirubin has a new function as a ligand for PPARα. We show that bilirubin can bind directly to PPARα and increase transcriptional activity. When we compared biliverdin, the precursor to bilirubin, on PPARα transcriptional activation to known PPARα ligands, WY 14,643 and fenofibrate, it showed that fenofibrate and biliverdin have similar activation properties. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with biliverdin suppressed lipid accumulation and upregulated PPARα target genes. We treated wild-type and PPARα KO mice on a high fat diet with fenofibrate or bilirubin for seven days and found that both signal through PPARα dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, the effect of bilirubin on lowering glucose and reducing body fat percentage was blunted in PPARα KO mice. These data demonstrate a new function for bilirubin as an agonist of PPARα, which mediates the protection from adiposity afforded by moderate increases in bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Stec
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, United States of America
| | - Kezia John
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Trabbic
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
| | - Amarjit Luniwal
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
- North American Science Associates, Inc. (NAMSA), 6750 Wales Rd, Northwood, Ohio, 43619, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Hankins
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, United States of America
| | - Justin Baum
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11083
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Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Rosenberg J, Rasmussen A. Serologic and molecular biomarkers for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2016; 30:171-7. [PMID: 27118303 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of mortality. Knowledge on biomarkers may contribute to better surveillance based on the patients' risk of recurrence. Reviewing the literature, we aimed to identify serological and molecular biomarkers for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. METHODS A literature search was performed in the databases PubMed and Scopus to identify observational studies evaluating serological or molecular biomarkers for recurrence of HCC after LT using adjusted analysis to correct for confounding. RESULTS Of 502 records, 69 mainly retrospective studies were included with a total of 15,213 patients. Of these, 41 studies were suitable for meta-analyses, which showed that the serum markers pre-transplant α-fetoprotein (AFP) (hazard ratio (HR) 2.69 [2.08-3.47]), pre-transplant des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) (HR 5.99 [3.27-10.98]), and allelic imbalance in microsatellites in DNA of tumor tissue (HR 13.49 [3.17-57.30]) were related to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS AFP, DCP and allelic imbalance in microsatellites may be used to predict recurrence. Together with other modalities, biomarkers may be used in future transplantation criteria to optimize selection of suitable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Pommergaard
- Hvidovre Hospital - University of Copenhagen, Department of Surgery, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Herlev Hospital - University of Copenhagen, Department of Surgery, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Herlev Hospital - University of Copenhagen, Department of Surgery, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Allan Rasmussen
- Rigshospitalet - University of Copenhagen, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Abdominal Centre, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11084
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Yuan Y. Imaging methods for evaluation of liver fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1532-1538. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i10.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a development stage of various chronic liver diseases. Since liver fibrosis is still a reversible process, the development of irreversible cirrhosis can be delayed or prevented if the patient is early diagnosed and receives timely and effective treatment. Therefore, how to accurately, effectively and easily evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis remains a clinical problem to be solved. Ultrasound, CT and MRI are common examinations for hepatic lesions. Imaging examinations can non-invasively and accurately evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis. With the development and application of new imaging technologies, flexible technology has been widely applied in the assessment of liver fibrosis. This article reviews the application of various imaging modalities, especially elastic technology, for assessment of hepatic fibrosis.
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11085
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Zhu HL, Li X, Li J, Zhang ZH. Genetic variation of occult hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3531-3546. [PMID: 27053845 PMCID: PMC4814639 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i13.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), characterized as the persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) seronegativity and low viral load in blood or liver, is a special form of HBV infection. OBI may be related mainly to mutations in the HBV genome, although the underlying mechanism of it remains to be clarified. Mutations especially within the immunodominant “α” determinant of S protein are “hot spots” that could contribute to the occurrence of OBI via affecting antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBsAg or replication and secretion of virion. Clinical reports account for a large proportion of previous studies on OBI, while functional analyses, especially those based on full-length HBV genome, are rare.
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11086
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Wong KC. How to apply clinical cases and medical literature in the framework of a modified "failure mode and effects analysis" as a clinical reasoning tool--an illustration using the human biliary system. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:85. [PMID: 27048215 PMCID: PMC4822271 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-0850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians use various clinical reasoning tools such as Ishikawa diagram to enhance their clinical experience and reasoning skills. Failure mode and effects analysis, which is an engineering methodology in origin, can be modified and applied to provide inputs into an Ishikawa diagram. METHOD The human biliary system is used to illustrate a modified failure mode and effects analysis. The anatomical and physiological processes of the biliary system are reviewed. Failure is defined as an abnormality caused by infective, inflammatory, obstructive, malignancy, autoimmune and other pathological processes. The potential failures, their effect(s), main clinical features, and investigation that can help a clinician to diagnose at each anatomical part and physiological process are reviewed and documented in a modified failure mode and effects analysis table. Relevant medical and surgical cases are retrieved from the medical literature and weaved into the table. RESULTS A total of 80 clinical cases which are relevant to the modified failure mode and effects analysis for the human biliary system have been reviewed and weaved into a designated table. The table is the backbone and framework for further expansion. Reviewing and updating the table is an iterative and continual process. The relevant clinical features in the modified failure mode and effects analysis are then extracted and included in the relevant Ishikawa diagram. CONCLUSIONS This article illustrates an application of engineering methodology in medicine, and it sows the seeds of potential cross-pollination between engineering and medicine. Establishing a modified failure mode and effects analysis can be a teamwork project or self-directed learning process, or a mix of both. Modified failure mode and effects analysis can be deployed to obtain inputs for an Ishikawa diagram which in turn can be used to enhance clinical experiences and clinical reasoning skills for clinicians, medical educators, and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Cheong Wong
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia. .,School of Rural Health, University of Sydney, Orange, NSW, Australia. .,George Street Medical Practice, Bathurst, NSW, Australia.
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11087
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Wang Y, Liu S, Chen YU, Zheng S, Zhou LI, Lu F, Duan Z. Lamivudine-resistant rtL180M and rtM204I/V are persistently dominant during combination rescue therapy with entecavir and adefovir for hepatitis B. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2293-2299. [PMID: 27313669 PMCID: PMC4888018 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adefovir (ADV) sequential monotherapy was included in the 2005 Asia-Pacific guidelines for the management of patients with lamivudine (LAM) resistance. However, following the development of ADV resistance, the proportion of resistant variants during combined rescue therapy with ADV and entecavir (ETV) were unknown. The present study characterized the dynamics of resistant variants in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and LAM-resistant variants during antiviral therapy consisting of ADV monotherapy followed by ADV-ETV combination therapy. A total of 3 patients were selected from a cohort of 55 patients with CHB due to developing ADV resistance. The patients had been previously treated with LAM (100 mg daily) for 21–24 months. At the initiation of sequential monotherapy with ADV, LAM-resistant variants (rtM204V/I and rtL180M) were detected in the three patients. These patients developed ADV resistance during 19–30 months of ADV sequential monotherapy, and then switched their antiviral regimen to ADV-ETV combination therapy. During ADV monotherapy and ADV-ETV combination therapy, the patients were monitored every 3 months for the first year of therapy, and then every 6 months thereafter. A total of 30 serum samples were collected from the patients throughout the monitoring period. In total, 10 mutants that were associated with commonly-used antiviral drugs were detected by pyrosequencing. During ADV sequential monotherapy, LAM-resistant variants were gradually decreased, whereas ADV-resistant rtA181V/T and rtN236T variants gradually increased in the viral population. During 30–41 months of ADV-ETV combination therapy, viral load reduction was 2.59–3.28 log10 copies/ml; ADV-resistant variants rtA181T/V and rtN236T were undetectable following 11–24 months of combination therapy; and rtL180M and rtM204I/V remained dominant in the viral population. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that, in patients with LAM and ADV-resistant variants that developed during LAM-ADV sequential monotherapy, ETV-ADV combination therapy may partially inhibit the replication of HBV DNA; however, LAM-resistant rtL180M and rtM204I/V variants remained predominant following 30–41 months combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Y U Chen
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - L I Zhou
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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11088
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An J, Shim JH, Kim SO, Choi J, Kim SW, Lee D, Kim KM, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS, Suh DJ. Comprehensive outcomes of on- and off-antiviral prophylaxis in hepatitis B patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy: A competing risks analysis. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1576-86. [PMID: 26945543 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although antiviral prophylaxis is essential in hepatitis B patients in the context of cancer chemotherapy, there is little evidence-based consensus regarding the appropriate prevention strategy depending on the underlying type of cancer and viral status. This retrospective study included a comprehensive cohort of 302 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients with various cancers undergoing chemotherapy and antiviral prophylaxis. The rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during antiviral therapy (>1 log10 IU/mL increase or positive conversion of serum HBV DNA) and relapse when off antivirals ([re]appearance of HBV DNA >2,000 IU/ml with related alanine aminotransferase elevation) were evaluated, together with the associated risk factors, in a competing risks analysis where cancer death was considered as the competing event. During antiviral prophylaxis, HBV was reactivated in six patients (1.9%), who had leukemia (n = 4) or lymphoma (n = 2) and were treated with lamivudine (n = 4) or entecavir (n = 2). The incidence rate of HBV relapse in 127 off-prophylaxis patients was 21.3% during a median post-antiviral period of 11.7 months. Lymphoma, pre-prophylactic HBV DNA ≥2,000 IU/ml, and age ≥50 years were independent predictors of off-treatment HBV relapse (adjusted hazard ratios 5.25, 3.07, and 0.34, respectively; Ps < 0.05). Antiviral and anticancer drugs, duration of consolidation on antiviral prophylaxis, and HBeAg positivity were not independent predictors. In conclusion, hepatitis B flare-ups are not rare in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy during and after anti-HBV prophylaxis, even when potent antivirals are used. Patients with hematopoietic or lymphoid neoplasms or high viral burdens should receive prolonged and powerful HBV prophylaxis. J. Med. Virol. 88:1576-1586, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ok Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-We Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vievisnamuh Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11089
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Hepatitis C diagnostic management gap in Pakistan—Clinicians’ knowledge impacting public health. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11090
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Wang YB, Zhang JY, Gong JP, Zhang F, Zhao Y. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for treatment of gastric varices due to portal hypertension: A meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:727-33. [PMID: 26637789 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and safety of both balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for treatment of gastric varices due to portal hypertension through the method of meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for both randomized controlled trials and cohort studies concerning BRTO compared with TIPS in the treatment of gastric varices from their inception to April 26, 2015. The Cochrane network RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistic analysis. The primary markers that need to be evaluated contained technical success rate, hemostasis rate, incidence rate of postoperative rebleeding, incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy, and postoperative procedure-related complication. Study-specific odds ratios (ORs) were combined to calculate pooled value by using random effects model. RESULTS Five original studies were included in total. Meta-analysis showed that BRTO and TIPS had no difference in aspects of technical success rate (OR, 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-1.08; P = 0.06), hemostasis rate (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 0.33-35.40; P = 0.30), and incidence rate of postoperative procedure-related complication (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 0.44-8.84; P = 0.37). However, BRTO had a lower incidence rate of post-operative rebleeding (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.09-0.81; P = 0.02) and a lower incidence rate of postoperative encephalopathy (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.13; P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration was a technically feasible as well as a secure method for the treatment of gastric varices originated from portal hypertension. It may have the potential to be an alterative shunt approach of TIPS, when suitable patients selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bing Wang
- Graduate School, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11091
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Kuzu UB, Öztaş E, Turhan N, Saygili F, Suna N, Yildiz H, Kaplan M, Akpinar MY, Akdoğan M, Kaçar S, Kiliç ZMY, Köksal AŞ, Ödemiş B, Kayaçetin E. Clinical and histological features of idiosyncratic liver injury: Dilemma in diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:277-91. [PMID: 25926402 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is becoming a worldwide problem with its still unexplained properties. METHODS The data of patients who were diagnosed with DILI between January 2008 and December 2013 were assessed. RESULTS Five patients had been diagnosed with intrinsic and 82 patients with idiosyncratic DILI. The most common causative agents were antimicrobial drugs. The most common injury pattern was hepatocellular. When patients with bilirubin levels of more than 5 mg/dL were divided into two groups according to receiving steroid therapy (n = 11) or not (n = 40), there was not any significant difference according to their clinical results (P > 0.05). Five of the idiosyncratic DILI patients were diagnosed with drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis (DI-AIH). In histopathological examination, hepatic rosette formation and emperipolesis were observed to be more common among patients with DI-AIH when compared with ones without (P < 0.05). Interestingly, in the remaining patients with DILI (n = 77), three of them were diagnosed with classic autoimmune hepatitis during long-term follow up (range, 11-51 months). CONCLUSION The most common causes were antimicrobials, but any agents that have not been defined to cause DILI can induce DILI. The efficacy of steroids in DILI has not been observed but all deaths were observed in the steroid-free group. The association of DILI and AIH was observed in two different types in terms of diagnosis in our study. The first association was DI-AIH. The second one is the classical AIH which developed in three patients after a few months following spontaneous recovery of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erkin Öztaş
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Turhan
- Pathology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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11092
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Hajighasemi F, Mirshafiey A. In Vitro Effects of Propranolol on T Helper Type 1 Cytokine Profile in Human Leukemic T Cells. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2016; 10:99-105. [PMID: 27252810 PMCID: PMC4888155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokines are a large group of proteins play a key role in inflammation. Down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines has beneficial effect on heart function. Propranolol, as a non selective beta-adrenergic blocker, has been extensively used for treatment of many cardiovascular problems such as arrhythmias and heart malfunction. In addition anti-inflammatory effects of propranolol have been revealed. In this study the propranolol effect on T helper type 1 cytokine profile in human leukemic T cells has been assessed in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human leukemic T cells (Molt-4 and Jurkat) were cultured in complete RPMI medium. The cells were then incubated with different concentrations of propranolol (0.03- 30 µM) in the presence or absence of PHA (10 µg/ml) for 48 hours. The supernatants of cell culture media were collected and used for cytokines assay. RESULTS Propranolol significantly decreased the T helper type 1 cytokine profile [Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon- γ (IFN-γ)] production in PHA stimulated Molt-4 and Jurkat cells, after 48 hour of incubation time, dose-dependently compared to untreated control cells. CONCLUSION Our data showed a dose dependent inhibitory effect of propranolol on the IL-2 and IFN-γ production in human leukemic Molt-4 and Jurkat cells. The anti- inflammatory effect of propranolol reported by other investigators may be in part due to its suppressive effect on production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-γ. So, propranolol along with its chronic long-term usage in cardiovascular problems may have potential implication in treatment of inflammatory-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajighasemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11093
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Ahn SH, Heo J, Park JY, Woo HY, Lee HJ, Tak WY, Um SH, Yoon KT, Park SY, Kim CW, Kim HH, Han KH, Cho M. A 96-week randomized trial of switching to entecavir in patients who achieved virological suppression on lamivudine therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:865-71. [PMID: 26572068 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There are limited data assessing whether patients who achieved virological suppression on lamivudine but remain hepatitis B "e" antigen-positive should be switched to a more potent antiviral with a high genetic barrier to resistance or continue with lamivudine. We compared the safety and efficacy of switching with entecavir versus continuing lamivudine. METHODS This was a Phase IV, randomized, open-label, prospective study in a tertiary care setting. Seventy-three chronic hepatitis B patients who achieved virological suppression on lamivudine (serum hepatitis B virus DNA < 60 International Unit (IU)/mL) were enrolled. Entecavir or lamivudine were administered orally for up to 96 weeks. Virologic and serologic responses were measured throughout the study. RESULTS A significantly higher proportion of patients in the entecavir group achieved hepatitis B virus DNA < 60 IU/mL at Weeks 48 (100% [38/38] vs 62.8% [22/35]; P < 0.001) and 96 (97.4% [37/38] vs 57.1% [20/35]; P<0.001). A greater number of patients had virologic breakthrough (Week 96 cumulative incidence 42.9% vs 2.6%; P<0.001) and genotypic lamivudine resistance (28.6% [10/35] vs 0% [0/38]; P<0.001) in the lamivudine group. No serious adverse events or laboratory abnormalities were reported. CONCLUSIONS Even after achieving virological suppression on lamivudine therapy, the risk of emergent lamivudine resistance increases over time. Switching to entecavir resulted in a maintained virologic response and superior serologic responses versus continued lamivudine therapy. This study supports a rationale for switching to entecavir in chronic hepatitis B patients with virological suppression on lamivudine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Heon Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Young Tak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon Ho Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Hoi Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and BioMedical Informatics Unit, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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11094
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Renal elasticity quantification by acoustic radiation force impulse applied to the evaluation of kidney diseases: a review. J Investig Med 2016; 63:605-12. [PMID: 25738649 DOI: 10.1097/jim.0000000000000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For centuries, clinicians have used palpation to evaluate abdominal organs. After exploring almost all the different methods of interaction between x-rays, ultrasound, and magnetic fields on tissues, recent interest has focused on the evaluation of their mechanical properties.Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) is a recent, established ultrasound-based diagnostic technique that allows physicians to obtain a measure of the elastic properties of an organ. Shear wave velocity, obtained by the ARFI technique, depends on the elasticity of tissues.To date, there are studies on the ARFI technique applied to normal kidneys, chronic kidney diseases, and kidney transplants. Mechanical properties of the kidney, such as stiffness and deformity, depend on various conditions that alter its histology, in particular the amount of fibrosis in the renal parenchyma; urinary pressure and renal blood perfusion may be other important contributing factors. Unfortunately, the ARFI technique applied to native renal pathologies is still limited, and not all studies are comparable because they used different methods. Therefore, the results reported in recent literature encourage further improvement of this method and the drawing up of standardized guidelines of investigation.
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11095
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Chon YE, Kim DJ, Kim SG, Kim IH, Bae SH, Hwang SG, Heo J, Jang JW, Lee BS, Kim HJ, Jun DW, Kim KM, Chung WJ, Choi MS, Jang JY, Yim HJ, Tak WY, Yoon KT, Park JY, Han KH, Suk KT, Lee HW, Jang BK, Ahn SH. An Observational, Multicenter, Cohort Study Evaluating the Antiviral Efficacy and Safety in Korean Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Pegylated Interferon-alpha 2a (Pegasys): TRACES Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3026. [PMID: 27057828 PMCID: PMC4998744 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, limited data are available regarding the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon alpha-2a (PEG-IFN α-2a) in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), in whom hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C is the most common type.We collected data from 439 patients (HBeAg positive, n = 349; HBeAg negative, n = 90) with CHB who were treated with PEG-IFN α-2a as a first-line therapy from 18 institutions. Treatment responses at the end of treatment (ET) and at 6 months posttreatment (PT6) were compared between the patients who were treated for 24 weeks versus 48 weeks, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated.In HBeAg-positive patients, those who received PEG-IFN α-2a for 48 weeks showed significantly higher HBV DNA suppression (HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL) than those who were treated for 24 weeks (48 weeks vs 24 weeks; at ET, 44.4% vs 36.7%, P = 0.035; at PT6, 35.9% vs 13.3%, P = 0.035). The HBeAg seroconversion rate at ET was 18.1% in 48-week treatment group, which is significantly higher than the 2.2% (P < 0.001) that was seen in 24-week treatment group. This finding also continued at PT6 (29.0% vs 10.0%, P < 0.001). Following 48 weeks of treatment in HBeAg-negative patients, HBV DNA suppression at ET was higher than in HBeAg-positive patients (87.8% vs 44.4%). AEs were typical of those associated with PEG-IFN α-2a.In naïve Korean HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with PEG-IFN α-2a, higher rates of HBV DNA suppression and HBeAg seroconversion were achieved in the 48-week treatment group than in the 24-week treatment group without additional risk of AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Chon
- From the Yonsei University College of Medicine (YEC, JYP, K-HH, SHA), The Catholic University College of Medicine (SHB), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine (HJK, HWL), Hanyang University College of Medicine (DWJ), University of Ulsan College of Medicine (KMK), Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine (MSC), Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul (JYJ), Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon (DJK, KTS), Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon (SGK), Chonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju (IHK), Cha University College of Medicine, Seongnam (SGH), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan (JH), The Catholic University College of Medicine, Incheon (JWJ), Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (BSL), Keimyung University College of Medicine (WJC, BKJ), Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, Daegu (WYT), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan (HJY), Pusan National University School of Medicine (KTY), Yangsan, Korea
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11096
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Zhang Q, Han T, Li Y, Nie C, Liu H. Predictors of progression into acute-on-chronic liver failure from acute deterioration of pre-existing chronic liver disease. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:320-8. [PMID: 26234788 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the prognosis between the patients with progression into acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) from acute deterioration of pre-existing chronic liver disease and patients without this progression, and to determine predictors of this disease progression. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 285 patients admitted with acute worsening of pre-existing chronic liver disease within 4 weeks characterized by total bilirubin (TBIL) of 51 μM/L or more and prothrombin activity (PTA) of more than 40% but less than 70%, which did not meet the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver criteria for ACLF. Patient survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and subsequently compared by log-rank test. Independent predictors of disease progression were determined using univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The 90-day survival rates significantly worsened in patients with progression into ACLF compared with those without this progression. Baseline TBIL, baseline Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and the maximum changing rates of PTA level and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score were independently associated with progression into ACLF in patients with acute deterioration of pre-existing chronic liver disease. CONCLUSION Patients with acute worsening of pre-existing chronic liver disease characterized by TBIL of 51 μM/L or more and PTA of more than 40% but less than 70% should receive aggressive prediction and prevention of ACLF development. Baseline TBIL, baseline MELD score, and the maximum changing rates of PTA level and CTP score may early predict the progression into ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Han
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin, China
| | - CaiYun Nie
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Liu
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin, China
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11097
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Abstract
Background Understanding of the gut-liver axis is important for the up-to-date management of liver cirrhosis, and changes of intestinal functions form the core of this interesting research field. Summary Most investigators noted small intestinal dysmotility in their patients with liver cirrhosis. Marked changes in the contraction pattern were observed in early manometric studies. The orocecal transit time, particularly small intestinal transit, has generally been reported to be prolonged, which has been demonstrated in multiple investigations to be related to the severity of the liver disease (e.g., Child-Pugh class), the presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as well as a history of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Bacteriologically proven SIBO in proximal jejunal aspiration has been reported to be present in up to 59% of cirrhotic patients and is associated with systemic endotoxemia. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that delayed small bowel transit in liver cirrhosis may lead to SIBO, which could contribute to the symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea. In addition to autonomic neuropathy, metabolic derangements and diabetic state, SIBO itself may delay intestinal transit in cirrhotic patients. Several studies, both from the West and the East, have shown that the gut microbiota is altered in cirrhotic patients and particularly those with HE. Further, a quantitative change in Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio, with a prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae) and reduction in specific commensals (e.g., Lachnospiraceae), has been described. Structural and functional changes in the intestinal mucosa that contribute to increases in intestinal permeability for bacteria and their products have been observed in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is considered as an important pathogenetic factor for several complications. The mechanism of intestinal barrier dysfunction in cirrhosis is multifactorial, including alcohol, portal hypertension (vascular congestion and dysregulation), endotoxemia, SIBO, local inflammation and, most likely, immunological factors and medications. Key Messages This review summarizes major achievements regarding intestinal dysfunction in cirrhosis for future gastroenterology research. The question of whether this intestinal barrier dysfunction is accompanied and/or at least partly caused by structural and functional changes in the epithelial tight junction proteins is as yet unsolved. Development of new strategies to modulate gut-liver interaction is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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11098
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Lipid deposition in liver cells: The influence of short form augmenter of liver regeneration. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:186-94. [PMID: 26476698 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The short form augmenter of liver regeneration (sfALR) is a novel human hepatotrophic growth factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of sfALR in NAFLD. METHODS The free fatty acids (FFA) induced lipid accumulation in mouse liver parenchymal cells was examined by Oil Red O staining and triglyceride level determination. The cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry and the proliferation was assessed by CCK8. The expression levels of gfer, miR-122, srebp-1c, fas, dgat2, acc1 and Lrp1B were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, the MAPK pathway was detected by western blot. RESULTS The results showed that sfALR could alleviate the lipid accumulation in mice both in vivo and in vitro. sfALR relieved the proliferation inhibition and G2 arrest of mouse liver parenchymal cells induced by FFAs. Free fatty acids affected gfer expression in a time-and dose-dependent way. And sfALR suppressed JNK activation, increased miR-122 level and reduced fatty acid synthesis-related gene expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that sfALR could alleviate the severity of fatty liver in mice.
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11099
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Heo JY, Kim SU, Kim BK, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Park YN, Ahn SS, Han KH, Kim HS. Use of Wisteria Floribunda Agglutinin-Positive Human Mac-2 Binding Protein in Assessing Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Due to Hepatitis B Virus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3328. [PMID: 27057911 PMCID: PMC4998827 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive human Mac-2 binding protein (WFA-M2BP) is a serologic marker corresponding with degree of hepatic fibrosis. We evaluated its accuracy in assessing hepatic fibrosis and in predicting the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).In a 5-year period (2009-2013), a total of 95 CHB patients with available serum WFA-M2BP assay and transient elastography assessment [to assess liver stiffness (LS)] who had undergone liver biopsy were recruited for retrospective analysis.Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting fibrosis stages via serum WFA-M2BP level were as follows: ≥F2, 0.688; ≥F3, 0.694; and F4, 0.704 (all P < 0.05). During the follow-up period (median, 45 months), HCC developed in 7 patients (7.4%). In patients with HCC, age, use of antiviral therapy, test parameters (HBV DNA, WFA-M2BP, and LS determinations), and histologic stage of fibrosis were all significantly greater than in those free of HCC, whereas platelet count was significantly lower (all P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, WFA-M2BP was found independently predictive of emergent HCC [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.375; P = 0.036], although LS and histologic stage of fibrosis were not (P > 0.05). Risk of developing HCC was significantly greater in patients with high WFA-M2BP levels (≥1.8) (adjusted HR = 11.5; P = 0.025). Cumulative incidence rates of HCC were also significantly higher in patients with high (vs. low) levels of WFA-M2BP (log-rank test, P = 0.016).WFA-M2BP determination significantly reflected degree/extent of hepatic fibrosis and independently predicted the risk of developing HCC in patients with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yoon Heo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (JYH, SUK, BKK, JYP, DYK, SHA, SSA, K-HH); Institute of Gastroenterology (SUK, BKK, JYP, DYK, SHA, K-HH); Department of Laboratory Medicine (H-SK); and Department of Pathology (YNP), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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11100
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Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss guidelines and salient imaging findings of solid tumors treated with common intra-arterial procedures used in interventional oncology. METHODS A meticulous literature search of PubMed-indexed articles was conducted. Key words included "imaging + embolization," "imaging + TACE," "imaging + radioembolization," "imaging + Y90," "mRECIST," and "EASL." Representative post-treatment cross-sectional images were obtained from past cases in this institution. RESULTS Intra-arterial therapy (IAT) in interventional oncology includes bland embolization, chemoembolization, and radioembolization. Solid tumors of the liver are the primary focus of these procedures. Cross-sectional CT and/or MR are the main modalities used to image tumors after treatment. Traditional size-based response criteria (WHO and RECIST) alone are of limited utility in determining response to IAT; tumoral necrosis and enhancement must be considered. Specifically for HCC, the EASL and mRECIST guidelines are becoming widely adopted response criteria to assess these factors. DWI, FDG-PET, and CEUS are modalities that play an adjunctive but controversial role. CONCLUSIONS Radiologists must be aware that the different forms of intra-arterial therapy yield characteristic findings on cross-sectional imaging. Knowledge of these findings is integral to accurate assessment of tumor response and progression.
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