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Cho KK, Marjadi B, Langendyk V, Hu W. The self-regulated learning of medical students in the clinical environment - a scoping review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 17:112. [PMID: 28693468 PMCID: PMC5504849 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-0956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-regulated learning is the individual's ability to effectively use various strategies to reach their learning goals. We conducted this scoping review to explore what has been found regarding self-regulated learning in the clinical environment and how this was measured. METHODS Using Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework, we searched three medical and educational databases as well as Google Scholar for literature on the self-regulated learning of medical students in the clinical environment published between 1966 and February 2017. After results were screened and relevant studies were identified, the data was summarised and discursively reported. RESULTS The search resulted in 911 articles, with 14 articles included in the scoping review after the inclusion criteria was applied. Self-regulated learning was explored in these studies in various ways including qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. Three major findings were found: 1) levels of self-regulated learning change in the clinical environment, 2) self-regulated learning is associated with academic achievement, success in clinical skills and mental health and 3) various factors can support self-regulated learning levels in medical students. CONCLUSIONS Most of articles exploring the self-regulated learning of medical students during the clinical years have been published in the last 5 years, suggesting a growing interest in the area. Future research could explore the self-regulated learning levels of medical students during the clinical years using a longitudinal approach or through the use of novel qualitative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K. Cho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Brahm Marjadi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Vicki Langendyk
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Wendy Hu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
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Dassah E, Aldersey HM, Norman KE. Photovoice and Persons With Physical Disabilities: A Scoping Review of the Literature. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:1412-1422. [PMID: 28682708 DOI: 10.1177/1049732316687731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photovoice is a group analysis method often affiliated with participatory action research (PAR). It has become increasingly popular in qualitative research with people with physical disabilities. This article details the results of a study that sought to understand the scope of the literature related to how photovoice is conducted with people with physical disabilities. We performed a scoping review related to use of photovoice in physical disabilities research. We identified 20 articles that featured diverse participants with physical disabilities and demonstrated a range of approaches to data collection, analysis, and dissemination. Nearly all of the articles identified used photovoice to study physical accessibility/navigation of space. Although a majority of selected articles purported to use PAR approaches, many articles demonstrated research that may not be as participatory as presumed. Based on the findings, we provide suggestions for photovoice studies that will ensure full and meaningful participation of members involved.
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Heerkens YF, de Brouwer CP, Engels JA, van der Gulden JW, Kant IJ. Elaboration of the contextual factors of the ICF for Occupational Health Care. Work 2017; 57:187-204. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-172546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne F. Heerkens
- Research Group Occupation & Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute of Allied Health Care, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | | | - Josephine A. Engels
- Research Group Occupation & Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost W.J. van der Gulden
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Centre for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - IJmert Kant
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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1254
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Trends in Research Literature Describing Dysphagia in Motor Neuron Diseases (MND): A Scoping Review. Dysphagia 2017; 32:734-747. [PMID: 28664472 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-017-9819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysphagia in motor neuron diseases (MNDs) is highly complex, affecting all stages of swallowing and leading to impaired swallowing safety and efficiency. In order to explore the degree to which research is capturing the symptom of dysphagia in MND, we conducted a scoping review of the existing literature. The primary aims of this review were to identify common themes within the literature on dysphagia in MND, explore patterns and trends in research focus, and identify if any imbalances exist between the research themes related to dysphagia description and management. A comprehensive search strategy yielded 1690 unique articles for review. Following relevance screening, a total of 157 articles were included in the synthesis. Relevant data and keywords were extracted from each article and grouped into themes. Frequency estimates were calculated for each theme to identify trends across research literature. Swallowing impairment in MNDs is described in a variety of ways across current research. The most commonly reported theme was Aspiration/Penetration, mentioned in 73.2% of all included articles; a significant imbalance was identified between reports of swallowing safety and efficiency (p = 0.008). The most frequently reported theme related to dysphagia management was Enteral Nutrition, and very few studies have reported on the efficacy of Rehabilitation/Compensatory recommendations. It is suggested that researchers and clinicians remain mindful of imbalances and gaps in research, and aim to characterize dysphagia in MNDs in a comprehensive manner. Further research investigating discrete, measureable changes in swallowing pathophysiology would be beneficial to delineate the key factors contributing to impaired swallowing safety and efficiency.
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1255
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Mogaka JJO, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM, Mupara LM, Mashamba-Thompson T. Role, structure and effects of medical tourism in Africa: a systematic scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013021. [PMID: 28645947 PMCID: PMC5541447 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some patients travel out of, while others come into Africa for medical care through a growing global phenomenon referred to as medical tourism (MT): the travel in search of medical care that is either unavailable, unaffordable or proscribed at home healthcare systems. While some castigate MT as promoting healthcare inequity, others endorse it as a revenue generator, promising local healthcare system strengthening. Currently, however, the understanding of this component of healthcare in Africa is inadequate. This study seeks to determine the level of knowledge on the role, structure and effect of MT in Africa as it relates to healthcare systems in the region. METHODS Conduct a systematic scoping review to outline the role, structure and effect of MT in Africa. Databases: Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete. Studies mapped in two stages: (1) mapping the studies based on the relevance of their titles and subject descriptors; (2) applying further inclusion criteria on studies from stage 1. Two reviewers will independently assess study quality and abstract data. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis will be performed, using STATA V.13 and NVIVO, respectively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study results will be disseminated by publication in peer-reviewed journals and findings presented at academic and industry conferences related to MT, public health, health systems strengthening and tourism. DISCUSSION MT spurs cutting-edge medical technologies, techniques and best practices in healthcare delivery. The two-tier healthcare landscape in Africa, however, presents an exceptionally unique context in which to situate this study. Much has been written about MT globally, but not much is known about the phenomenon in Africa; hence the appropriateness of this scientific assessment of MT in the region. By elucidating the role, structure and effect of this phenomenon, this study hopes to contribute to health systems strengthening in Africa. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016039745.
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Affiliation(s)
- John JO Mogaka
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Joyce M Tsoka-Gwegweni
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lucia M Mupara
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tivani Mashamba-Thompson
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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1256
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Kelly AM, Mathema B, Larson EL. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the community: a scoping review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017. [PMID: 28647532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem antibiotics are used as a last resort to treat serious Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) infections; however, carbapenemase-producing strains of GNB have emerged as a major source of resistance. Owing to the highly transmissible nature of plasmid-borne carbapenemases, numerous reports have warned about the likely spread into the community from healthcare settings. Since the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in the community is largely unknown, we conducted a scoping review of the literature to assess the percentage of CRE isolates that could be associated with the community. Initially, 361 studies were assessed and 15 met the inclusion criteria. Although 5 studies (33.3%) found no community-associated CRE, the remaining 10 studies identified percentages ranging from 0.04% to 29.5% of either community-associated or community-onset CRE among their samples, with US-based studies alone ranging from 5.6 to 10.8%. The presence of CRE in the community poses an urgent public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Kelly
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research to Prevent Infections, School of Nursing, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Barun Mathema
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine L Larson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research to Prevent Infections, School of Nursing, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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1257
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Threapleton DE, Chung RY, Wong SYS, Wong ELY, Kiang N, Chau PYK, Woo J, Chung VCH, Yeoh EK. Care Toward the End of Life in Older Populations and Its Implementation Facilitators and Barriers: A Scoping Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017. [PMID: 28623155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To inform health system improvements for care of elderly populations approaching the end of life (EOL) by identifying important elements of care and implementation barriers and facilitators. DESIGN A scoping review was carried out to identify key themes in EOL care. Articles were identified from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, organizational websites, and internet searches. Eligible publications included reviews, reports, and policy documents published between 2005 and 2016. Initially, eligible documents included reviews or reports concerning effective or important models or components of EOL care in older populations, and evidence was thematically synthesized. Later, other documents were identified to contextualize implementation issues. RESULTS Thematic synthesis using 35 reports identified key features in EOL care: (1) enabling policies and environments; (2) care pathways and models; (3) assessment and prognostication; (4) advance care planning and advance directives; (5) palliative and hospice care; (6) integrated and multidisciplinary care; (7) effective communication; (8) staff training and experience; (9) emotional and spiritual support; (10) personalized care; and (11) resources. Barriers in implementing EOL care include fragmented services, poor communication, difficult prognostication, difficulty in accepting prognosis, and the curative focus in medical care. CONCLUSIONS Quality EOL care for older populations requires many core components but the local context and implementation issues may ultimately determine if these elements can be incorporated into the system to improve care. Changes at the macro-level (system/national), meso-level (organizational), and micro-level (individual) will be required to successfully implement service changes to provide holistic and person-centered EOL care for elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Erin Threapleton
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Roger Y Chung
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Y S Wong
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Eliza L Y Wong
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nicole Kiang
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patsy Y K Chau
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent C H Chung
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Eng Kiong Yeoh
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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1258
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Seaton CL, Holm N, Bottorff JL, Jones-Bricker M, Errey S, Caperchione CM, Lamont S, Johnson ST, Healy T. Factors That Impact the Success of Interorganizational Health Promotion Collaborations: A Scoping Review. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:1095-1109. [PMID: 28587471 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117710875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore published empirical literature in order to identify factors that facilitate or inhibit collaborative approaches for health promotion using a scoping review methodology. DATA SOURCE A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Complete for articles published between January 2001 and October 2015 was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA To be included studies had to: be an original research article, published in English, involve at least 2 organizations in a health promotion partnership, and identify factors contributing to or constraining the success of an established (or prior) partnership. Studies were excluded if they focused on primary care collaboration or organizations jointly lobbying for a cause. DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction was completed by 2 members of the author team using a summary chart to extract information relevant to the factors that facilitated or constrained collaboration success. DATA SYNTHESIS NVivo 10 was used to code article content into the thematic categories identified in the data extraction. RESULTS Twenty-five studies across 8 countries were identified. Several key factors contributed to collaborative effectiveness, including a shared vision, leadership, member characteristics, organizational commitment, available resources, clear roles/responsibilities, trust/clear communication, and engagement of the target population. CONCLUSION In general, the findings were consistent with previous reviews; however, additional novel themes did emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherisse L Seaton
- 1 School of Nursing, Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nikolai Holm
- 1 School of Nursing, Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joan L Bottorff
- 1 School of Nursing, Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sally Errey
- 3 Prevention Programs, BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cristina M Caperchione
- 1 School of Nursing, Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.,4 School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sonia Lamont
- 3 Prevention Programs, BC Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven T Johnson
- 5 Centre for Nursing and Health Studies, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theresa Healy
- 6 Population Health Department, Northern Health, Prince George, Canada
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1259
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Sibai AM, Singh NV, Jabbour S, Saleh S, Abdulrahim S, Naja F, Yazbek S. Does published research on non-communicable disease (NCD) in Arab countries reflect NCD disease burden? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178401. [PMID: 28575065 PMCID: PMC5456081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To review trends in non-communicable (NCD) research output in the Arab region, in terms of quantity and quality, study design, setting and focus. We also examined differences by time and place, and assessed gaps between research output and NCD burden. Methods A scoping review of a total of 3,776 NCD-related reports published between 2000 and 2013 was conducted for seven Arab countries. Countries were selected to represent diverse socio-economic development levels in the region: Regression analyses were used to assess trends in publications over time and by country. Research gaps were assessed by examining the degree of match between proportionate literature coverage of the four main NCDs (CVD, cancer, DM, and COPD) and cause-specific proportional mortality rates (PMR). Results The annual number of NCD publications rose nearly 5-fold during the study period, with higher income countries having the higher publication rates (per million populations) and the most rapid increases. The increase in the publication rate was particularly prominent for descriptive observational studies, while interventional studies and systematic reviews remained infrequent (slope coefficients = 13.484 and 0.883, respectively). Gap analysis showed a mismatch between cause-specific PMR burden and NCD research output, with a relative surplus of reports on cancer (pooled estimate +38.3%) and a relative deficit of reports on CVDs (pooled estimate -30.3%). Conclusion The widening disparity between higher and lower-income countries and the discordance between research output and disease burden call for the need for ongoing collaboration among Arab academic institutions, funding agencies and researchers to guide country-specific and regional research agendas, support and conduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla M. Sibai
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (AMS); (NVS)
| | - Neil V. Singh
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AMS); (NVS)
| | - Samer Jabbour
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shadi Saleh
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sawsan Abdulrahim
- Department of Health Promotions and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Soha Yazbek
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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1260
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O'Connor SR, Dempster M, McCorry NK. Identifying models of delivery, care domains and quality indicators relevant to palliative day services: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:100. [PMID: 28511720 PMCID: PMC5434637 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an ageing population and increasing numbers of people with life-limiting illness, there is a growing demand for palliative day services. There is a need to measure and demonstrate the quality of these services, but there is currently little agreement on which aspects of care should be used to do this. The aim of the scoping review will be to map the extent, range and nature of the evidence around models of delivery, care domains and existing quality indicators used to evaluate palliative day services. METHODS Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) will be searched for evidence using consensus development methods; randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials; mixed methods; and prospective, longitudinal or retrospective case-control studies to develop or test quality indicators for evaluating palliative care within non-residential settings, including day hospices and community or primary care settings. At least two researchers will independently conduct all searches, study selection and data abstraction procedures. Meta-analyses and statistical methods of synthesis are not planned as part of the review. Results will be reported using numerical counts, including number of indicators in each care domain and by using qualitative approach to describe important indicator characteristics. A conceptual model will also be developed to summarise the impact of different aspects of quality in a palliative day service context. Methodological quality relating to indicator development will be assessed using the Appraisal of Indicators through Research and Evaluation (AIRE) tool. Overall strength of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Final decisions on quality assessment will be made via consensus between review authors. DISCUSSION Identifying, developing and implementing evidence-based quality indicators is critical to the evaluation and continued improvement of palliative care. Review findings will be used to support clinicians and policymakers make decisions on which quality indicators are most appropriate for evaluating day services at the patient and service level, and to identify areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán R O'Connor
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, UK.
| | - Martin Dempster
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Malone Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Noleen K McCorry
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research (NI), Institute of Clinical Science B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, UK
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1261
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Ringer T, Moller D, Mutsaers A. Distress in Caregivers Accompanying Patients to an Emergency Department: A Scoping Review. J Emerg Med 2017; 53:493-508. [PMID: 28499745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial research interest in caregiver distress in the emergency department (ED), no recent review of the literature exists. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to map primary research on caregiver distress in the ED, synthesize key concepts underpinning the literature, identify gaps, and provide guidance for future work. METHODS We used a five-stage scoping review with tandem screening and data extraction. RESULTS Of 2121 records, 29 studies were included. The majority were small, conducted in North America or Europe, and published after 2000. Numerous methodologies and definitions of distress were represented. The majority involved children, with just five studies restricted to adults. Many involved higher-acuity scenarios, such as resuscitations or invasive procedures. The most common research topic was anxiety of parents of children undergoing procedures. Effects of witnessed resuscitation were also addressed. Parental presence may reduce anxiety during venipuncture, while only waiting room music reduced anxiety in parents of children not undergoing a procedure. No study explored interventions to reduce distress in caregivers of adults. While heterogeneity precluded evidence-based recommendations, clinically relevant observations emerged, including that anxiety can be worsened if a caregiver believes their patient has been forgotten; that parents are sensitive about being perceived as neglectful; and that sympathy and confidence ease distress, as does sensitivity toward end-of-life issues. Several studies suggested that negative staff behaviors affect caregiver anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should use validated measures of distress; include larger samples; and capture adult, geriatric, and rural populations. A focused systematic review might yield evidence-based guidance for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom Ringer
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Moller
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Mutsaers
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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1262
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Mogaka JJO, Mupara L, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM. Ethical issues associated with medical tourism in Africa. JOURNAL OF MARKET ACCESS & HEALTH POLICY 2017; 5:1309770. [PMID: 28740618 PMCID: PMC5508395 DOI: 10.1080/20016689.2017.1309770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global disparities in medical technologies, laws, economic inequities, and social-cultural differences drive medical tourism (MT), the practice of travelling to consume healthcare that is either too delayed, unavailable, unaffordable or legally proscribed at home. Africa is simultaneously a source and destination for MT. MT however, presents a new and challenging health ethics frontier, being largely unregulated and characterized by policy contradictions, minority discrimination and conflict of interest among role-players. This article assesses the level of knowledge of MT and its associated ethical issues in Africa; it also identifies critical research gaps on the subject in the region. Exploratory design guided by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework was used. Key search terms and prior determined exclusion/inclusion criteria were used to identify relevant literature sources. Fifty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Distributive justice, healthcare resource allocation, experimental treatments and organ transplant were the most common ethical issues of medical tourism in Africa. The dearth of robust engagement of MT and healthcare ethics, as identified through this review, calls for more rigorous research on this subject. Although the bulk of the medical tourism industry is driven by global legal disparities based on ethical considerations, little attention has been given to this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. O. Mogaka
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lucia Mupara
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Curran J, Cassidy C, Chiasson D, MacPhee S, Bishop A. Patient and caregiver expectations of emergency department care: A scoping literature review. Int Emerg Nurs 2017; 32:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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1264
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The Relationship Between Specialty Certification of Individual Nurses and Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 47:245-247. [DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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1265
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Kaye EC, Abramson ZR, Snaman JM, Friebert SE, Baker JN. Productivity in Pediatric Palliative Care: Measuring and Monitoring an Elusive Metric. J Pain Symptom Manage 2017; 53:952-961. [PMID: 28062335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.12.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Workforce productivity is poorly defined in health care. Particularly in the field of pediatric palliative care (PPC), the absence of consensus metrics impedes aggregation and analysis of data to track workforce efficiency and effectiveness. Lack of uniformly measured data also compromises the development of innovative strategies to improve productivity and hinders investigation of the link between productivity and quality of care, which are interrelated but not interchangeable. OBJECTIVES To review the literature regarding the definition and measurement of productivity in PPC; to identify barriers to productivity within traditional PPC models; and to recommend novel metrics to study productivity as a component of quality care in PPC. METHODS PubMed® and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews searches for scholarly literature were performed using key words (pediatric palliative care, palliative care, team, workforce, workflow, productivity, algorithm, quality care, quality improvement, quality metric, inpatient, hospital, consultation, model) for articles published between 2000 and 2016. Organizational searches of Center to Advance Palliative Care, National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, National Association for Home Care & Hospice, American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association, National Quality Forum, and National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care were also performed. Additional semistructured interviews were conducted with directors from seven prominent PPC programs across the U.S. to review standard operating procedures for PPC team workflow and productivity. RESULTS Little consensus exists in the PPC field regarding optimal ways to define, measure, and analyze provider and program productivity. Barriers to accurate monitoring of productivity include difficulties with identification, measurement, and interpretation of metrics applicable to an interdisciplinary care paradigm. In the context of inefficiencies inherent to traditional consultation models, novel productivity metrics are proposed. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to determine optimal metrics for monitoring productivity within PPC teams. Innovative approaches should be studied with the goal of improving efficiency of care without compromising value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Kaye
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer M Snaman
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah E Friebert
- Division of Pediatric Palliative Care, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin N Baker
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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1266
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Mishra SR, Dhimal M, Bhandari PM, Adhikari B. Sanitation for all: the global opportunity to increase transgenerational health gains and better understand the link between NCDs and NTDs, a scoping review. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2017; 3:8. [PMID: 28883978 PMCID: PMC5530944 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-017-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The global sanitation divide is narrowing. However, in many countries in Asia and Africa, the gap between rural and urban sanitation coverage is rather widening. Moreover, there is an increase in the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), notwithstanding to the already high burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). A scientific query is building on how the global 'sanitation for all' goal will address the dual burden of NTDs and NCDs, and help further understand the link between the two. This paper aims to discuss the link between i) sanitation and NTDs, and ii) sanitation and NCDs through a scoping review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Raj Mishra
- Nepal Development Society, P.O.Box. 75, Bharatpur-10, Nepal
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Bipin Adhikari
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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1267
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Wasilewski MB, Stinson JN, Cameron JI. Web-based health interventions for family caregivers of elderly individuals: A Scoping Review. Int J Med Inform 2017; 103:109-138. [PMID: 28550996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the growing proportion of elders globally, aging-related illnesses are primary causes of morbidity causing reliance on family members for support in the community. Family caregivers experience poorer physical and mental health than their non-caregiving counterparts. Web-based interventions can provide accessible support to family caregivers to offset declines in their health and well-being. Existing reviews focused on web-based interventions for caregivers have been limited to single illness populations and have mostly focused on the efficacy of the interventions. We therefore have limited insight into how web-based interventions for family caregiver have been developed, implemented and evaluated across aging-related illness. OBJECTIVES To describe: a) theoretical underpinnings of the literature; b) development, content and delivery of web-based interventions; c) caregiver usage of web-based interventions; d) caregiver experience with web-based interventions and e) impact of web-based interventions on caregivers' health outcomes. METHODS We followed Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews which entails setting research questions, selecting relevant studies, charting the data and synthesizing the results in a report. RESULTS Fifty-three publications representing 32 unique web-based interventions were included. Over half of the interventions were targeted at dementia caregivers, with the rest targeting caregivers to the stroke, cancer, diabetes and general frailty populations. Studies used theory across the intervention trajectory. Interventions aimed to improve a range of health outcomes for caregivers through static and interactive delivery methods Caregivers were satisfied with the usability and accessibility of the websites but usage was generally low and declined over time. Depression and caregiver burden were the most common outcomes evaluated. The interventions ranged in their impact on health and social outcomes but reductions in perception of caregiver burden were consistently observed. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers value interactive interventions that are tailored to their unique needs and the illness context. However, usage of the interventions was sporadic and declined over time, indicating that future interventions should address stage-specific needs across the caregiving trajectory. A systematic review has the potential to be conducted given the consistency in caregiver burden and depression as outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jill I Cameron
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Pollock A, Campbell P, Struthers C, Synnot A, Nunn J, Hill S, Goodare H, Watts C, Morley R. Stakeholder involvement in systematic reviews: a protocol for a systematic review of methods, outcomes and effects. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2017; 3:9. [PMID: 29062534 PMCID: PMC5611627 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-017-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PLAIN ENGLISH SUMMARY Researchers are expected to actively involve stakeholders (including patients, the public, health professionals, and others) in their research. Although researchers increasingly recognise that this is good practice, there is limited practical guidance about how to involve stakeholders. Systematic reviews are a research method in which international literature is brought together, using carefully designed and rigorous methods to answer a specified question about healthcare. We want to investigate how researchers have involved stakeholders in systematic reviews, and how involvement has potentially affected the quality and impact of reviews. We plan to bring this information together by searching and reviewing the literature for reports of stakeholder involvement in systematic reviews. This paper describes in detail the methods that we plan to use to do this. After carrying out comprehensive searches for literature, we will: 1. Provide an overview of identified reports, describing key information such as types of stakeholders involved, and how. 2. Pick out reports of involvement which include detailed descriptions of how researchers involved people in a systematic review and summarise the methods they used. We will consider who was involved, how people were recruited, and how the involvement was organised and managed. 3. Bring together any reports which have explored the effect, or impact, of involving stakeholders in a systematic review. We will assess the quality of these reports, and summarise their findings. Once completed, our review will be used to produce training resources aimed at helping researchers to improve ways of involving stakeholders in systematic reviews. ABSTRACT Background There is an expectation for stakeholders (including patients, the public, health professionals, and others) to be involved in research. Researchers are increasingly recognising that it is good practice to involve stakeholders in systematic reviews. There is currently a lack of evidence about (A) how to do this and (B) the effects, or impact, of such involvement. We aim to create a map of the evidence relating to stakeholder involvement in systematic reviews, and use this evidence to address the two points above. Methods We will complete a mixed-method synthesis of the evidence, first completing a scoping review to create a broad map of evidence relating to stakeholder involvement in systematic reviews, and secondly completing two contingent syntheses. We will use a stepwise approach to searching; the initial step will include comprehensive searches of electronic databases, including CENTRAL, AMED, Embase, Medline, Cinahl and other databases, supplemented with pre-defined hand-searching and contacting authors. Two reviewers will undertake each review task (i.e., screening, data extraction) using standard systematic review processes. For the scoping review, we will include any paper, regardless of publication status or study design, which investigates, reports or discusses involvement in a systematic review. Included papers will be summarised within structured tables. Criteria for judging the focus and comprehensiveness of the description of methods of involvement will be applied, informing which papers are included within the two contingent syntheses. Synthesis A will detail the methods that have been used to involve stakeholders in systematic reviews. Papers from the scoping review that are judged to provide an adequate description of methods or approaches will be included. Details of the methods of involvement will be extracted from included papers using pre-defined headings, presented in tables and described narratively. Synthesis B will include studies that explore the effect of stakeholder involvement on the quality, relevance or impact of a systematic review, as identified from the scoping review. Study quality will be appraised, data extracted and synthesised within tables. Discussion This review should help researchers select, improve and evaluate methods of involving stakeholders in systematic reviews. Review findings will contribute to Cochrane training resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pollock
- Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Professions (NMAHP) Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA Scotland
| | - Pauline Campbell
- Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Professions (NMAHP) Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA Scotland
| | - Caroline Struthers
- Education and Training Manager, EQUATOR Network, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Anneliese Synnot
- Cochrane Consumers and Communication, Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, VIC 3086 Australia
- Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, L1, 549 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Jack Nunn
- Cochrane Consumers and Communication, Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Sophie Hill
- Cochrane Consumers and Communication, Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, VIC 3086 Australia
| | | | - Chris Watts
- Cochrane Learning and Support Department, Cochrane Central Executive, St Albans House, 57-59 Haymarket, London, SW1Y 4QX UK
| | - Richard Morley
- Cochrane Consumer Network, St Albans House, 57-59 Haymarket, London, SW1Y 4QX UK
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1269
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Thapa S, Hannes K, Cargo M, Buve A, Aro AR, Mathei C. Building a Conceptual Framework to Study the Effect of HIV Stigma-Reduction Intervention Strategies on HIV Test Uptake: A Scoping Review. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2017; 28:545-560. [PMID: 28473183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A scoping review of grey and peer-reviewed literature was conducted to develop a conceptual framework to illustrate mechanisms involved in reducing HIV stigma and increasing HIV test uptake. We followed a three-step approach to exploring the literature: developing concepts, organizing and categorizing concepts, and synthesizing concepts into a framework. The framework contains four types of intervention strategies: awareness creation, influencing normative behavior, providing support, and developing regulatory laws. The awareness creation strategy generally improves knowledge and the influencing normative behavior strategy changes stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors, and subsequently, increases HIV test uptake. Providing support and development of regulatory law strategies changes actual stigmatizing behaviors of the people, and subsequently, increases HIV test uptake. The framework further outlines that the mechanisms described are influenced by the interaction of various social-contextual and individual factors. The framework sheds new light on the effects of HIV stigma-reduction intervention strategies and HIV test uptake.
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Bradley BD, Jung T, Tandon-Verma A, Khoury B, Chan TCY, Cheng YL. Operations research in global health: a scoping review with a focus on the themes of health equity and impact. Health Res Policy Syst 2017; 15:32. [PMID: 28420381 PMCID: PMC5395767 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-017-0187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Operations research (OR) is a discipline that uses advanced analytical methods (e.g. simulation, optimisation, decision analysis) to better understand complex systems and aid in decision-making. Herein, we present a scoping review of the use of OR to analyse issues in global health, with an emphasis on health equity and research impact. A systematic search of five databases was designed to identify relevant published literature. A global overview of 1099 studies highlights the geographic distribution of OR and common OR methods used. From this collection of literature, a narrative description of the use of OR across four main application areas of global health - health systems and operations, clinical medicine, public health and health innovation - is also presented. The theme of health equity is then explored in detail through a subset of 44 studies. Health equity is a critical element of global health that cuts across all four application areas, and is an issue particularly amenable to analysis through OR. Finally, we present seven select cases of OR analyses that have been implemented or have influenced decision-making in global health policy or practice. Based on these cases, we identify three key drivers for success in bridging the gap between OR and global health policy, namely international collaboration with stakeholders, use of contextually appropriate data, and varied communication outlets for research findings. Such cases, however, represent a very small proportion of the literature found. CONCLUSION Poor availability of representative and quality data, and a lack of collaboration between those who develop OR models and stakeholders in the contexts where OR analyses are intended to serve, were found to be common challenges for effective OR modelling in global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly D Bradley
- Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Tiffany Jung
- Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ananya Tandon-Verma
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bassem Khoury
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy C Y Chan
- Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Healthcare Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Ling Cheng
- Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
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1271
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Atif M, Saqib A, Ikram R, Sarwar MR, Scahill S. The reasons why Pakistan might be at high risk of Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever epidemic; a scoping review of the literature. Virol J 2017; 14:63. [PMID: 28335777 PMCID: PMC5364605 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pakistan has faced a number of significant healthcare challenges over the past decade. In 2000, one of these events - a deadly epidemic of Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) - struck Pakistan. The people of Pakistan are at a very high risk of acquiring CCHF, due to a number of factors which emerge from a scoping review of the literature. First, the underdeveloped healthcare system of the country is currently not prepared to cope with challenges of this nature. Healthcare professionals and medical institutes are not sufficiently equipped to properly diagnose, manage and prevent CCHF. Second, a large percentage of the general public is unaware of the spread and control of the vector. The agricultural sector of Pakistan is vast and thus many people are involved in animal husbandry and the handling of livestock which can lead to the transmission of the CCHF virus. Even in urban areas the risk of transmission is significantly higher around the time of Eid-ul-Azha, when Muslims slaughter animals. Finally, the political upheavals faced by the country have also increased Pakistan's vulnerability because a large number of refugees from Afghanistan, a CCHF endemic country, have migrated to Pakistan as a result of the Afghan war. Most of the refugees and their animals settle in Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces, which consequently have a higher prevalence of CCHF. This scoping review of the literature highlights the potential causes of high risk CCHF and draws conclusions and makes recommendations that policy-makers in Pakistan may wish to consider in-order to improve on the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anum Saqib
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Raazeyah Ikram
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
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1272
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Khan MM, Kobayashi K, Vang ZM, Lee SM. Are visible minorities “invisible” in Canadian health data and research? A scoping review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIGRATION HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/ijmhsc-10-2015-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Canada’s visible minority population is increasing rapidly, yet despite the demographic significance of this population, there is a surprising dearth of nationally representative health data on visible minorities. This is a major challenge to undertaking research on the health of this group, particularly in the context of investigating racial/ethnic disparities and health disadvantages that are rooted in racialization. The purpose of this paper is to summarize: mortality and morbidity patterns for visible minorities; determinants of visible minority health; health status and determinants of the health of visible minority older adults (VMOA); and promising data sources that may be used to examine visible minority health in future research.
Design/methodology/approach
A scoping review of 99 studies or publications published between 1978 and 2014 (abstracts of 72 and full articles of 27) was conducted to summarize data and research findings on visible minority health to answer four specific questions: what is known about the morbidity and mortality patterns of visible minorities relative to white Canadians? What is known about the determinants of visible minority health? What is known about the health status of VMOA, a growing segment of Canada’s aging population, and how does this compare with white older adults? And finally, what data sources have been used to study visible minority health?
Findings
There is indeed a major gap in health data and research on visible minorities in Canada. Further, many studies failed to distinguish between immigrants and Canadian-born visible minorities, thus conflating effects of racial status with those of immigrant status on health. The VMOA population is even more invisible in health data and research. The most promising data set appears to be the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS).
Originality/value
This paper makes an important contribution by providing a comprehensive overview of the nature, extent, and range of data and research available on the health of visible minorities in Canada. The authors make two key recommendations: first, over-sampling visible minorities in standard health surveys such as the CCHS, or conducting targeted health surveys of visible minorities. Surveys should collect information on key socio-demographic characteristics such as nativity, ethnic origin, socioeconomic status, and age-at-arrival for immigrants. Second, researchers should consider an intersectionality approach that takes into account the multiple factors that may affect a visible minority person’s health, including the role of discrimination based on racial status, immigrant characteristics for foreign-born visible minorities, age and the role of ageism for older adults, socioeconomic status, gender (for visible minority women), and geographic place or residence in their analyses.
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1273
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Baskerville NB, Dash D, Shuh A, Wong K, Abramowicz A, Yessis J, Kennedy RD. Tobacco use cessation interventions for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer youth and young adults: A scoping review. Prev Med Rep 2017; 6:53-62. [PMID: 28271021 PMCID: PMC5328933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking prevalence among LGBTQ + youth and young adults is alarmingly high compared to their non-LGBTQ + peers. The purpose of the scoping review was to assess the current state of smoking prevention and cessation intervention research for LGBTQ + youth and young adults, identify and describe these interventions and their effectiveness, and identify gaps in both practice and research. A search for published literature was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and LGBT Life, as well as an in-depth search of the grey literature. All English articles published or written between January 2000 and February 2016 were extracted. The search identified 24 records, of which 21 were included; 11 from peer reviewed sources and 10 from the grey literature. Of these 21, only one study targeted young adults and only one study had smoking prevention as an objective. Records were extracted into evidence tables using a modified PICO framework and a narrative synthesis was conducted. The evidence to date is drawn from methodologically weak studies; however, group cessation counselling demonstrates high quit rates and community-based programs have been implemented, although very little evidence of outcomes exist. Better-controlled research studies are needed and limited evidence exists to guide implementation of interventions for LGBTQ + youth and young adults. This scoping review identified a large research gap in the area of prevention and cessation interventions for LGBTQ youth and young adults. There is a need for effective, community-informed, and engaged interventions specific to LGBTQ + youth and young adults for the prevention and cessation of tobacco. We conducted a scoping review on cessation programs for LGBTQ + young adults. A large research gap in the area of tobacco control for LGBTQ + young adults exists. Tobacco control interventions specific to LGBTQ + youth and young adults are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bruce Baskerville
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.Propel Centre for Population Health ImpactUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Darly Dash
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Alanna Shuh
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Katy Wong
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Aneta Abramowicz
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yessis
- Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Ryan D. Kennedy
- Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
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1274
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Hoa S, Stern EP, Denton CP, Hudson M. Towards developing criteria for scleroderma renal crisis: A scoping review. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:407-415. [PMID: 28212921 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The absence of a gold standard for scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) has hindered our understanding of this problem. The objective of this scoping review was to identify the criteria used to define SRC in order to guide the development of a consensus definition for SRC. METHODS We conducted a search in three databases: Medline, Embase and non-Ovid Pubmed. Papers were eligible for inclusion if they were full-length articles in English whose main topic was SRC or scleroderma renal disease. Two reviewers independently screened eligible papers for final study selection. Data was extracted using a customized form. A web-based survey of members of the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium was used to identify unpublished definitions of SRC. RESULTS We identified 415 papers that met inclusion criteria. Forty original definitions of SRC were identified from 36 studies, 9 reviews and 2 editorials. There was significant heterogeneity in definitions. As a rule, though, in addition to new-onset hypertension and acute kidney injury, other common items used to define SRC included hypertensive encephalopathy and seizures, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and characteristic changes on kidney biopsy. The web-based survey identified unpublished definitions of SRC that were largely consistent with the results of the published literature. CONCLUSION SRC was defined in a minority of studies and criteria were heterogeneous. A consensus definition of SRC is urgently needed to standardize data collection on SRC and further our understanding of this serious problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hoa
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Edward P Stern
- Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free London and UCL Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free London and UCL Division of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marie Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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1275
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Sullivan SS, Mistretta F, Casucci S, Hewner S. Integrating social context into comprehensive shared care plans: A scoping review. Nurs Outlook 2017; 65:597-606. [PMID: 28237357 PMCID: PMC5552421 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Failure to address social determinants of health (SDH) may contribute to the problem of readmissions in high-risk individuals. Comprehensive shared care plans (CSCP) may improve care continuity and health outcomes by communicating SDH risk factors across settings. Purpose The purpose of this study to evaluate the state of knowledge for integrating SDH into a CSCP. Our scoping review of the literature considered 13,886 articles, of which seven met inclusion criteria. Results Identified themes were: integrate health and social sectors; interoperability; standardizing ontologies and interventions; process implementation; professional tribalism; and patient centeredness. Discussion There is an emerging interest in bridging the gap between health and social service sectors. Standardized ontologies and theoretical definitions need to be developed to facilitate communication, indexing, and data retrieval. Conclusions We identified a gap in the literature that indicates that foundational work will be required to guide the development of a CSCP that includes SDH that can be shared across settings. The lack of studies published in the United States suggests that this is a critical area for future research and funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne S Sullivan
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Francine Mistretta
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Sabrina Casucci
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY
| | - Sharon Hewner
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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Pilkington K, Loef M, Polley M. Searching for Real-World Effectiveness of Health Care Innovations: Scoping Study of Social Prescribing for Diabetes. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e20. [PMID: 28153817 PMCID: PMC5314100 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social prescribing is a process whereby primary care patients are linked or referred to nonmedical sources of support in the community and voluntary sector. It is a concept that has arisen in practice and implemented widely in the United Kingdom and has been evaluated by various organizations. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to characterize, collate, and analyze the evidence from evaluation of social prescribing for type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom and Ireland, comparing information available on publicly available websites with the published literature. METHODS We used a broad, pragmatic definition of social prescribing and conducted Web-based searches for websites of organizations providing potentially relevant services. We also explored linked information. In parallel, we searched Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and reference lists for relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals. We extracted the data systematically on the characteristics, any reported evaluation, outcomes measured and results, and terminology used to describe each service. RESULTS We identified 40 UK- or Ireland-based projects that referred people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes to nonmedical interventions or services provided in the community. We located evaluations of 24 projects; 11 as published papers, 12 as Web-based reports, and 1 as both a paper and a Web-based report. The interventions and services identified included structured group educational programs, exercise referral schemes, and individualized advice and support with signposting of health-related activities in the community. Although specific interventions such as community-based group educational programs and exercise referral have been evaluated in randomized controlled trials, evaluation of individualized social prescribing services involving people with type 2 diabetes has, in most cases, used pre-post and mixed methods approaches. These evaluations report generic improvement in a broad range of outcomes and provide an insight into the criteria for the success of social prescribing services. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the varied models of social prescribing and nonmedical, community-based services available to people with type 2 diabetes and the extent of evaluation of these, which would not have been achieved by searching databases alone. The findings of this scoping study do not prove that social prescribing is an effective measure for people with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom, but can be used to inform future evaluation and contribute to the development of the evidence base for social prescribing. Accessing Web-based information provides a potential method for investigating how specific innovative health concepts, such as social prescribing, have been translated, implemented, and evaluated in practice. Several challenges were encountered including defining the concept, focusing on process plus intervention, and searching diverse, evolving Web-based sources. Further exploration of this approach will inform future research on the application of innovative health care concepts into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pilkington
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Loef
- Institute of Transcultural Health Studies, European University Viadrina, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marie Polley
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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1278
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Buprenorphine-Naloxone in the Treatment of Codeine Dependence: a Scoping Review of Clinical Case Presentations. Int J Ment Health Addict 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-016-9655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Bisung E, Elliott SJ. Psychosocial impacts of the lack of access to water and sanitation in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2017; 15:17-30. [PMID: 28151436 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation has implications for the psychosocial well-being of individuals and households. To review the literature on psychosocial impacts, we completed a scoping review of the published literature using Medline, Embase, and Scopus. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. Of the included studies, six were conducted in India, one in Nepal, one in Mexico, one in Bolivia, two in Ethiopia, one in Zimbabwe, one in South Africa, and two in Kenya. Four interrelated groups of stressors emerged from the review: physical stressors, financial stressors, social stressors, and stressors related to (perceived) inequities. Further, gender differences were observed, with women carrying a disproportionate psychosocial burden. We argue that failure to incorporate psychosocial stressors when estimating the burden or benefits of safe water and sanitation may mask an important driver of health and well-being for many households in low- and middle-income countries. We propose further research on water-related stressors with particular attention to unique cultural norms around water and sanitation, short and long term psychosocial outcomes, and individual and collective coping strategies. These may help practitioners better understand cumulative impacts and mechanisms for addressing water and sanitation challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Bisung
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada E-mail:
| | - Susan J Elliott
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada E-mail:
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Abstract
Social frailty is a rather unexplored concept. In this paper, the concept of social frailty among older people is explored utilizing a scoping review. In the first stage, 42 studies related to social frailty of older people were compiled from scientific databases and analyzed. In the second stage, the findings of this literature were structured using the social needs concept of Social Production Function theory. As a result, it was concluded that social frailty can be defined as a continuum of being at risk of losing, or having lost, resources that are important for fulfilling one or more basic social needs during the life span. Moreover, the results of this scoping review indicate that not only the (threat of) absence of social resources to fulfill basic social needs should be a component of the concept of social frailty, but also the (threat of) absence of social behaviors and social activities, as well as (threat of) the absence of self-management abilities. This conception of social frailty provides opportunities for future research, and guidelines for practice and policy.
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1281
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Routhier F, Lettre J, Miller WC, Borisoff JF, Keetch K, Mitchell IM. Data logger technologies for manual wheelchairs: A scoping review. Assist Technol 2017; 30:51-58. [PMID: 27846371 PMCID: PMC5489335 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2016.1242516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies have increasingly employed data logger technologies to record objective driving and physiological characteristics of manual wheelchair users. However, the technologies used offer significant differences in characteristics, such as measured outcomes, ease of use, and level of burden. In order to identify and describe the extent of published research activity that relies on data logger technologies for manual wheelchair users, we performed a scoping review of the scientific and gray literature. Five databases were searched: Medline, Compendex, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The 119 retained papers document a wide variety of logging devices and sensing technologies measuring a range of outcomes. The most commonly used technologies were accelerometers installed on the user (18.8%), odometers installed on the wheelchair (12.4%), accelerometers installed on the wheelchair (9.7%), and heart monitors (9.7%). Not surprisingly, the most reported outcomes were distance, mobility events, heart rate, speed/velocity, acceleration, and driving time. With decreasing costs and technological improvements, data loggers are likely to have future widespread clinical (and even personal) use. Future research may be needed to assess the usefulness of different outcomes and to develop methods more appropriate to wheelchair users in order to optimize the practicality of wheelchair data loggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Routhier
- Department of Rehabilitation, Laval University, Quebec City, Qc, Canada
- Centre for interdisciplinary research in rehabilitation and social integration, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec, Quebec City, Qc, Canada
| | - Josiane Lettre
- Centre for interdisciplinary research in rehabilitation and social integration, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec, Quebec City, Qc, Canada
| | - William C. Miller
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program and GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jaimie F. Borisoff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Rehabilitation Engineering Design Laboratory, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Keetch
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program and GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian M. Mitchell
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Nekhlyudov L, O'malley DM, Hudson SV. Integrating primary care providers in the care of cancer survivors: gaps in evidence and future opportunities. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e30-e38. [PMID: 28049575 PMCID: PMC5553291 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the release of the Institute of Medicine report: From cancer patient to cancer survivor: lost in transition, in 2005, there has been a national call in the USA to provide coordinated, comprehensive care for cancer survivors, with an emphasis on the role of primary care. Several models of care have been described, which focus on primary care providers (PCPs) as receiving cancer survivors who are transferred after successful treatment, and who are given specific types of information from oncology-based care (eg, survivorship care plans), and not as active members of the cancer survivorship team. In this Series paper, we assessed survivorship models that have been described in the literature, with a specific focus on strategies that aim to integrate PCPs into the care of cancer survivors across different settings. We offer insights differentiating PCPs' level of expertise in cancer survivorship and how such expertise could be used. We provide recommendations for education, clinical practice, research, and policy initiatives that might advance the integration of PCPs in the care of cancer survivors in diverse clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Nekhlyudov
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Denalee M O'malley
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers School of Social Work, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shawna V Hudson
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Murray AD, Daines L, Archibald D, Hawkes RA, Schiphorst C, Kelly P, Grant L, Mutrie N. The relationships between golf and health: a scoping review. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:12-19. [PMID: 27697939 PMCID: PMC5256129 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships between golf and health. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES Published and unpublished reports of any age or language, identified by searching electronic databases, platforms, reference lists, websites and from consulting experts. REVIEW METHODS A 3-step search strategy identified relevant published primary and secondary studies as well as grey literature. Identified studies were screened for final inclusion. Data were extracted using a standardised tool, to form (1) a descriptive analysis and (2) a thematic summary. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4944 records were identified with an initial search. 301 studies met criteria for the scoping review. Golf can provide moderate intensity physical activity and is associated with physical health benefits that include improved cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic profiles, and improved wellness. There is limited evidence related to golf and mental health. The incidence of golfing injury is moderate, with back injuries the most frequent. Accidental head injuries are rare, but can have serious consequences. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners and policymakers can be encouraged to support more people to play golf, due to associated improved physical health and mental well-being, and a potential contribution to increased life expectancy. Injuries and illnesses associated with golf have been identified, and risk reduction strategies are warranted. Further research priorities include systematic reviews to further explore the cause and effect nature of the relationships described. Research characterising golf's contribution to muscular strengthening, balance and falls prevention as well as further assessing the associations and effects between golf and mental health are also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Murray
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Daines
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Archibald
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R A Hawkes
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Schiphorst
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Grant
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Global Health Academy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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1284
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Herlihy N, Bar-Hen A, Verner G, Fischer H, Sauerborn R, Depoux A, Flahault A, Schütte S. Climate change and human health: what are the research trends? A scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012022. [PMID: 28011805 PMCID: PMC5223655 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For 28 years, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been assessing the potential risks associated with anthropogenic climate change. Although interest in climate change and health is growing, the implications arising from their interaction remain understudied. Generating a greater understanding of the health impacts of climate change could be key step in inciting some of the changes necessary to decelerate global warming. A long-term and broad overview of the existing scientific literature in the field of climate change and health is currently missing in order to ensure that all priority areas are being adequately addressed. In this paper we outline our methods to conduct a scoping review of the published peer-reviewed literature on climate change and health between 1990 and 2015. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A detailed search strategy will be used to search the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied in order to capture the most relevant literature in the time frame chosen. Data will be extracted, categorised and coded to allow for statistical analysis of the results. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval was required for this study. A searchable database of climate change and health publications will be developed and a manuscript will be complied for publication and dissemination of the findings. We anticipate that this study will allow us to map the trends observed in publications over the 25-year time period in climate change and health research. It will also identify the research areas with the highest volume of publications as well as highlight the research trends in climate change and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Herlihy
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Avner Bar-Hen
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire MAP5, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Glenn Verner
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- French School of Public Health, Paris-Rennes, France
| | - Helen Fischer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Sauerborn
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anneliese Depoux
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Groupe de Recherches Interdisciplinaires sur les Processus d'information et de Communication (EA 1498), Université Paris Sorbonne-Celsa, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Schütte
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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1285
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Robertson J, Baines S, Emerson E, Hatton C. Postural care for people with intellectual disabilities and severely impaired motor function: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2016; 31 Suppl 1:11-28. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Robertson
- Centre for Disability Research; Division of Health Research; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
| | - Susannah Baines
- Centre for Disability Research; Division of Health Research; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
| | - Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research; Division of Health Research; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy; University of Sydney; Lidcombe NSW Australia
| | - Chris Hatton
- Centre for Disability Research; Division of Health Research; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
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1286
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Knevel R, Gussy MG, Farmer J. Exploratory scoping of the literature on factors that influence oral health workforce planning and management in developing countries. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 15:95-105. [PMID: 27943545 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to scope the literature that exists about factors influencing oral health workforce planning and management in developing countries (DCs). METHODS The Arksey and O'Malley method for conducting a scoping review was used. A replicable search strategy was applied, using three databases. Factors influencing oral health workforce planning and management in DCs identified in the eligible articles were charted. FINDINGS Four thousand citations were identified; 41 papers were included for review. Most included papers were situational analyses. Factors identified were as follows: lack of data, focus on the restorative rather than preventive care in practitioner education, recent increase in number of dental schools (mostly private) and dentistry students, privatization of dental care services which has little impact on care maldistribution, and debates about skill mix and scope of practice. Oral health workforce management in the eligible studies has a bias towards dentist-led systems. Due to a lack of country-specific oral health related data in developing or least developed countries (LDCs), oral health workforce planning often relies on data and modelling from other countries. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Approaches to oral health workforce management and planning in developing or LDCs are often characterized by approaches to increase numbers of dentists, thus not ameliorating maldistribution of service accessibility. Governments appear to be reducing support for public and preventative oral healthcare, favouring growth in privatized dental services. Changes to professional education are necessary to trigger a paradigm shift to the preventive approach and to improve relationships between different oral healthcare provider roles. This needs to be premised on greater appreciation of preventive care in health systems and funding models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rjm Knevel
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Vic., Australia
| | - M G Gussy
- La Trobe University, Bendigo, Vic., Australia
| | - J Farmer
- Centre for Social Impact, Swinburne University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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1287
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Khan M, James R, Sundaram N, Wu S, Eang MT, Vonthanak S, Coker R. Less research on tuberculosis than HIV and malaria when research agendas are poorly coordinated: a systematic review of research outputs from Cambodia. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 56:25-29. [PMID: 27979784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coordination of health interventions and research is often weak during periods of political transition and unprecedented aid inflows, which Cambodia has recently experienced. Although HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria have been a focus of international funding, TB has received much less. This study compares the numbers and methodologies of studies conducted on TB, malaria, and HIV in Cambodia, identifying evidence gaps and future research needs. METHODS Three electronic databases and the grey literature were searched for studies on HIV, TB, and malaria published between January 2000 and October 2015. Information about the disease focus and methodology was extracted from the studies included. RESULTS A total of 2581 unique studies were screened and 712 were included in the analysis. The results of this review demonstrated that despite increasing numbers of publications, there have been fewer studies on TB (16%) than HIV (43%) and malaria (41%). Observational epidemiological studies outnumbered other methodologies (44%) for all three diseases. CONCLUSIONS Despite substantial investments, important research areas appear to have been neglected in Cambodia; specifically, studies on TB and studies involving economic, qualitative, interventional, and genomics methods. The inter-disease disparity in published research in Cambodia identified, considered alongside disease burden, suggests that an increase in TB research may be needed to inform control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Khan
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Richard James
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neisha Sundaram
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shishi Wu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mao Tang Eang
- National Centre for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saphonn Vonthanak
- University of Health Science, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs (NCHADS), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Richard Coker
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Mahidol University, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, Thailand
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Fong J, Buckley T, Cashin A, Pont L. Nurse practitioner prescribing in Australia: A comprehensive literature review. Aust Crit Care 2016; 30:252-259. [PMID: 27913033 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, the nurse practitioner (NP) obtained prescriptive authority in some jurisdictions in 2001. One of the key aspects in which the scope of NPs differs from Registered Nurses (RNs) relates to the legal privilege to prescribe medications. Although NPs have had prescriptive authority in Australia since 2001, with access to the Commonwealth subsidy scheme (PBS) since 2010, little is known about NPs prescriptive patterns or outcomes of prescriptive practice. AIM The aim of this scoping review was to examine the extent, range and nature of research conducted in relation to NP prescribing in the Australian health context as well as identify gaps in the existing literature. Whilst considerable research has been undertaken on medical prescribing, to date there is no published review of studies regarding NP prescribing in the Australian context. METHOD A structured search of the literature was undertaken using permutations of the following key words 'nurse practitioner prescribing Australia', 'nurse practitioner and prescribing', 'advanced practice nurse and prescribing', 'nurse practitioner and Australia'. Databases where searched from January 2000 to January 2016. Databases searched include PsycInfo, Pubmed, CINAHL and Medline. FINDINGS There are a number of distinguishing features of NP prescribing practices in the Australian context. Little is known about the prescribing behaviours of critical care NPs in both the international and Australian context. Key themes identified were: barriers to prescribing, attitudes to NP prescribing, frequency of prescribing, types of medications prescribed, prescribing practice behaviours and confidence in prescribing. CONCLUSION The impact of legislative changes on Australian NPs clinical practice and service delivery is still evolving. This review should create impetus for further research to determine the outcomes of NP prescribing on both patient and health service outcomes in the Australian healthcare context including critical care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Cashin
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Australia.
| | - Lisa Pont
- Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Corrin T, Papadopoulos A. Understanding the attitudes and perceptions of vegetarian and plant-based diets to shape future health promotion programs. Appetite 2016; 109:40-47. [PMID: 27871943 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vegetarian diets have become a prominent area of interest. However, little research has focused on the attitudes and perceptions on vegetarian diets. The purpose of this scoping review was to methodologically search the literature and summarize public perceptions and attitudes towards a vegetarian diet. Using the information found from this review, the Health Belief Model can be applied to shape future health promotion initiatives to move individuals towards a vegetarian or plant-based diet. The main findings indicate that vegetarian diets are generally perceived in a positive light. There are many barriers to consuming this diet such as health concerns, an unwillingness to make dietary changes, and an enjoyment of eating meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Corrin
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Andrew Papadopoulos
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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1290
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Stenberg U, Haaland-Øverby M, Fredriksen K, Westermann KF, Kvisvik T. A scoping review of the literature on benefits and challenges of participating in patient education programs aimed at promoting self-management for people living with chronic illness. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2016; 99:1759-1771. [PMID: 27461944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To give a comprehensive overview of benefits and challenges from participating in group based patient education programs that are carried out by health care professionals and lay participants, aimed at promoting self-management for people living with chronic illness. METHODS We searched 8 literature databases. Full text articles meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved and reviewed. Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping studies guided the review process and thematic analysis was undertaken to synthesize extracted data. RESULTS Of the 5935 titles identified, 47 articles were included in this review. The participants experienced the programs as beneficial according to less symptom distress and greater awareness of their own health, improved self-management strategies, peer support, learning and hope. CONCLUSION A substantial evidence base supports the conclusion that group based self-management patient education programs in different ways have been experienced as beneficial, but more research is needed. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The insights gained from this review can enable researchers, health care professionals, and participants to understand the complexity in evaluating self-management patient education programs, and constitute a basis for a more standardized and systematic evaluation. The results may also encourage health care professionals in planning and carrying out programs in cooperation with lay participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Stenberg
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Learning and Mastery in Health, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Shared Decision Making and Collaborative Care Research, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mette Haaland-Øverby
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Learning and Mastery in Health, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kari Fredriksen
- Learning and Mastery Center, Stavanger University Hospital, Postboks 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Karl Fredrik Westermann
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Learning and Mastery in Health, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Toril Kvisvik
- Patient Education Resource Center, Møre and Romsdal Hospital, Herman Døhlens vei 1, 6508 Kristiansund, Norway.
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1291
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Schneider H, Okello D, Lehmann U. The global pendulum swing towards community health workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of trends, geographical distribution and programmatic orientations, 2005 to 2014. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2016; 14:65. [PMID: 27784298 PMCID: PMC5081930 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-016-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a substantial increase in publications and interest in community health workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) over the last years. This paper examines the growth, geographical distribution and programmatic orientations of the indexed literature on CHWs in LMIC over a 10-year period. METHODS A scoping review of publications on CHWs from 2005 to 2014 was conducted. Using an inclusive list of terms, we searched seven databases (including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane) for all English-language publications on CHWs in LMIC. Two authors independently screened titles/abstracts, downloading full-text publications meeting inclusion criteria. These were coded in an Excel spreadsheet by year, type of publication (e.g. review, empirical), country, region, programmatic orientation (e.g. maternal-child health, HIV/AIDS, comprehensive) and CHW roles (e.g. prevention, treatment) and further analysed in Stata14. Drawing principally on the subset of review articles, specific roles within programme areas were identified and grouped. FINDINGS Six hundred seventy-eight publications from 46 countries on CHWs were inventoried over the 10-year period. There was a sevenfold increase in annual number of publications from 23 in 2005 to 156 in 2014. Half the publications were reporting on initiatives in Africa, a third from Asia and 11 % from the Americas (mostly Brazil). The largest single focus and driver of the growth in publications was on CHW roles in meeting the Millennium Development Goals of maternal, child and neonatal survival (35 % of total), followed by HIV/AIDS (16 %), reproductive health (6 %), non-communicable diseases (4 %) and mental health (4 %). Only 17 % of the publications approached CHW roles in an integrated fashion. There were also distinct regional (and sometimes country) profiles, reflecting different histories and programme traditions. CONCLUSIONS The growth in literature on CHWs provides empirical evidence of ever-increasing expectations for addressing health burdens through community-based action. This literature has a strong disease- or programme-specific orientation, raising important questions for the design and sustainable delivery of integrated national programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Schneider
- School of Public Health & SAMRC/UWC Health Services to Systems Unit, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Dickson Okello
- Health Policy and Systems Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
| | - Uta Lehmann
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535 South Africa
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Boland P, Levack W, Perry M, Graham F. Equipment provision after stroke: A scoping review of the use of personal care and mobility aids in rehabilitation. Br J Occup Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022616664910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this scoping review was to examine and synthesise literature on adaptive equipment use for personal care and mobility after stroke. Method We searched databases including Medline, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL and Scopus to February 2016. Two authors independently screened 789 titles, identifying 28 studies for inclusion in the review. Results Findings were grouped into four themes: (1) stroke-specific impairments and consequences for equipment use and training; (2) meaning of equipment for people with stroke; (3) cost of equipment after stroke; and (4) conflicts between equipment provision and models of stroke rehabilitation. Conclusion The wide range of impairments after stroke increases complexity of how people use equipment. Nonetheless, training needs and the relationship between social context, identity and equipment use are increasingly better understood,. The findings highlight a tension between practice that seeks to re-train function by ‘normal’ movement without equipment and restoration of function by using compensation strategies involving use of equipment. However, there is no evidence that compensation strategies impede recovery of physical abilities. High-quality evidence about costs of equipment after stroke, which could inform policy decisions, is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Boland
- Lecturer, MSc Occupational Therapy Programme, Clinical Therapies, University of Limerick, Republic of Ireland
- Senior Lecturer, Rehabilitation, Teaching and Research Unit, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - William Levack
- Senior Lecturer, Rehabilitation, Teaching and Research Unit, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Meredith Perry
- Lecturer, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Graham
- Senior Lecturer, Rehabilitation, Teaching and Research Unit, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Cook-Darzens S. The role of family meals in the treatment of eating disorders: a scoping review of the literature and implications. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:383-393. [PMID: 26932829 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Family meal research is a fast growing field that has significant implications for the prevention and treatment of eating disorders (ED). Using a scoping review procedure, this article overviewed major historical and clinical trends that have guided the use of family meals or lunch sessions in adolescent ED family therapy over the past 40 years, and synthesized essential findings from current therapeutic family meal research. The relevant body of literature is reported within the framework of three models of family therapy (Maudsley model, family-based treatment, multi-family therapy), with a focus on their specific use of family lunch sessions and related empirical evidence. Although promising, current evidence remains contradictory, tentative and colored by therapists' convictions, resistance and fears. Future research priorities are discussed, including the need for a more direct examination of the impact of the family meal practice on therapeutic change, as well as a better understanding of its active ingredients and of the characteristics of patients/families that may benefit most from it. This review of the literature may help clinicians and family therapists (1) adhere more reliably and confidently to ED-focused treatment protocols that include a strong family meal component, and (2) make more informed decisions regarding the inclusion or exclusion of family meals in their practice. When feasibility or acceptability issues preclude their use, alternatives to family meals are also discussed, including family meal role-plays and drawings, coaching of home-based family meals and manual/DVD-based guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Cook-Darzens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France. .,, 10 Grande Rue, 60460, Blaincourt, France.
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1294
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Barriers and Facilitators to Exercise Participation in People with Hip and/or Knee Osteoarthritis: Synthesis of the Literature Using Behavior Change Theory. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 95:372-89. [PMID: 26945211 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is recommended for hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patient initiation of, and adherence to, exercise is key to the success of managing symptoms. This study aimed to (1) identify modifiable barriers and facilitators to participation in intentional exercise in hip and/or knee OA, and (2) synthesize findings using behavior change theory. A scoping review with systematic searches was conducted through March 2015. Two reviewers screened studies for eligibility. Barriers and facilitators were extracted and synthesized according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) by two independent reviewers. Twenty-three studies (total of 4633 participants) were included. The greatest number of unique barriers and facilitators mapped to the Environmental Context and Resources domain. Many barriers were related to Beliefs about Consequences and Beliefs about Capabilities, whereas many facilitators were related to Reinforcement. Clinicians should take a proactive role in facilitating exercise uptake and adherence, rather than trusting patients to independently overcome barriers to exercise. Strategies that may be useful include a personalized approach to exercise prescription, considering environmental context and available resources, personalized education about beneficial consequences of exercise and reassurance about exercise capability, and use of reinforcement strategies. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of behavior change interventions that specifically target these factors.
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1295
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Chersich M, Becerril-Montekio V, Becerra-Posada F, Dumbaugh M, Kavanagh J, Blaauw D, Thwala S, Kern E, Penn-Kekana L, Vargas E, Mlotshwa L, Dhana A, Mannava P, Portela A, Tristan M, Rees H, Bijlmakers L. Perspectives on the methods of a large systematic mapping of maternal health interventions. Global Health 2016; 12:51. [PMID: 27562360 PMCID: PMC5000454 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-016-0191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mapping studies describe a broad body of literature, and differ from classical systematic reviews, which assess more narrowly-defined questions and evaluate the quality of the studies included in the review. While the steps involved in mapping studies have been described previously, a detailed qualitative account of the methodology could inform the design of future mapping studies. Objectives Describe the perspectives of a large research team on the methods used and collaborative experiences in a study that mapped the literature published on maternal health interventions in low- and middle-income countries (2292 full text articles included, after screening 35,048 titles and abstracts in duplicate). Methods Fifteen members of the mapping team, drawn from eight countries, provided their experiences and perspectives of the study in response to a list of questions and probes. The responses were collated and analysed thematically following a grounded theory approach. Results The objectives of the mapping evolved over time, posing difficulties in ensuring a uniform understanding of the purpose of the mapping among the team members. Ambiguity of some study variables and modifications in data extraction codes were the main threats to the quality of data extraction. The desire for obtaining detailed information on a few topics needed to be weighed against the benefits of collecting more superficial data on a wider range of topics. Team members acquired skills in systematic review methodology and software, and a broad knowledge of maternal health literature. Participation in analysis and dissemination was lower than during the screening of articles for eligibility and data coding. Though all respondents believed the workload involved was high, study outputs were viewed as novel and important contributions to evidence. Overall, most believed there was a favourable balance between the amount of work done and the project’s outputs. Conclusions A large mapping of literature is feasible with a committed team aiming to build their research capacity, and with a limited, simplified set of data extraction codes. In the team’s view, the balance between the time spent on the review, and the outputs and skills acquired was favourable. Assessments of the value of a mapping need, however, to take into account the limitations inherent in such exercises, especially the exclusion of grey literature and of assessments of the quality of the studies identified. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12992-016-0191-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chersich
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Centre for Health Policy and MRC Health Policy Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Victor Becerril-Montekio
- Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Mari Dumbaugh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Society, Gender and Health Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josephine Kavanagh
- Centre for Health Policy and MRC Health Policy Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Duane Blaauw
- Centre for Health Policy and MRC Health Policy Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Siphiwe Thwala
- Centre for Health Policy and MRC Health Policy Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elinor Kern
- Centre for Health Policy and MRC Health Policy Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Loveday Penn-Kekana
- Centre for Health Policy and MRC Health Policy Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Vargas
- Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Innovation in Public Health Department, National Institute of Health, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Langelihle Mlotshwa
- Centre for Health Policy and MRC Health Policy Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Society, Gender and Health Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ashar Dhana
- Centre for Health Policy and MRC Health Policy Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Priya Mannava
- Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anayda Portela
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Helen Rees
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Bijlmakers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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1296
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Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis detection in animals, food, water and other sources or vehicles of human exposure: A scoping review of the existing evidence. Prev Vet Med 2016; 132:32-48. [PMID: 27664446 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in ruminants and is hypothesized to be an infectious cause of Crohn's disease, as well as some other human diseases. Due to key knowledge gaps, the potential public health impact of M. paratuberculosis is unknown. This scoping review aims to identify and characterised the evidence on potential sources and vehicles of M. paratuberculosis exposure for humans to better understand how exposure is likely to occur. Evidence from 255 primary research papers is summarized; most examined the prevalence or concentration of M. paratuberculosis in animals (farmed domestic, pets and wildlife) (n=148), food for human consumption (62) (milk, dairy, meat, infant formula) or water (drinking and recreational) and the environment (farm, pasture and areas affected by runoff water) (20). The majority of this research has been published since 2000 (Figure- abstract). Nine case-control studies examining risk factors for Crohn's disease highlighted significant associations with the consumption of processed meats and cheese, while direct contact with ruminants, high risk occupations (farmer, veterinarian), milk consumption and water source were factors not associated with the disease and/or M. paratuberculosis exposure status. Molecular epidemiology studies demonstrated strain-sharing between species. Produce and seafood were the only previously suggested sources of human exposure for which there was no supporting evidence identified in this scoping review. The results of this review indicate that ruminant populations from around the globe are infected with M. paratuberculosis and many non-ruminant species have also been found to carry or be infected with M. paratuberculosis. Several potential sources for human exposure to M. paratuberculosis were identified; however there remain important gaps in quantitative information on the prevalence and concentration of M. paratuberculosis in contaminated sources of exposure. This information is critical to understanding the risk of exposure, opportunities for risk mitigation interventions and modelling exposures to distill the importance of various sources of human exposure to M. paratuberculosis including direct contact with animals and the environment as well as consumption of contaminated foods and water. Results of this study may be used to prioritize future research and to support evidence-informed decision-making on the M. paratuberculosis issue.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fall-related injuries can have serious consequences for older adults, including increased risk of dependence in daily activities and mortality. Compliant flooring is a passive intervention that may reduce the incidence and severity of fall-related injuries in healthcare settings, including acute and long-term care, but few sites have implemented compliant flooring, in part because synthesised evidence about key performance aspects has not been available. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a scoping review to address the question: what is presented about the biomechanical efficacy, clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and workplace safety associated with compliant flooring systems that aim to prevent fall-related injuries? We will conduct a comprehensive and systematic literature search of academic databases (AgeLine, CINAHL, EBM Reviews, MEDLINE (Ovid), SportDiscus and Web of Science) and grey literature (clinical trial registries, theses/dissertations, abstracts/conference proceedings and relevant websites). 2 team members will independently screen records (first titles and abstracts, then full text) and extract data from included records. Numerical and narrative analyses will be presented by theme (biomechanical efficacy, clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, workplace safety). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This scoping review responds to the information needs of healthcare decision-makers tasked with preventing fall-related injuries. This review will summarise evidence about compliant flooring as a potential intervention for preventing fall-related injuries in older adults and identify gaps in evidence and new avenues for research. Results will be especially useful in long-term care, but also applicable in acute care, assisted living and home care. We will disseminate the review's findings via open-access publications, conference presentations, a webinar, a Stakeholder Symposium and a Knowledge-to-Action Report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle C Lachance
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michal P Jurkowski
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ania C Dymarz
- W.A.C. Bennett Library, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dawn C Mackey
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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1298
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Bradford LEA, Okpalauwaekwe U, Waldner CL, Bharadwaj LA. Drinking water quality in Indigenous communities in Canada and health outcomes: a scoping review. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 75:32336. [PMID: 27478143 PMCID: PMC4967713 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v75.32336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Indigenous communities in Canada live with high-risk drinking water systems and drinking water advisories and experience health status and water quality below that of the general population. A scoping review of research examining drinking water quality and its relationship to Indigenous health was conducted. OBJECTIVE The study was undertaken to identify the extent of the literature, summarize current reports and identify research needs. DESIGN A scoping review was designed to identify peer-reviewed literature that examined challenges related to drinking water and health in Indigenous communities in Canada. Key search terms were developed and mapped on five bibliographic databases (MEDLINE/PubMED, Web of Knowledge, SciVerse Scopus, Taylor and Francis online journal and Google Scholar). Online searches for grey literature using relevant government websites were completed. RESULTS Sixteen articles (of 518; 156 bibliographic search engines, 362 grey literature) met criteria for inclusion (contained keywords; publication year 2000-2015; peer-reviewed and from Canada). Studies were quantitative (8), qualitative (5) or mixed (3) and included case, cohort, cross-sectional and participatory designs. In most articles, no definition of "health" was given (14/16), and the primary health issue described was gastrointestinal illness (12/16). Challenges to the study of health and well-being with respect to drinking water in Indigenous communities included irregular funding, remote locations, ethical approval processes, small sample sizes and missing data. CONCLUSIONS Research on drinking water and health outcomes in Indigenous communities in Canada is limited and occurs on an opportunistic basis. There is a need for more research funding, and inquiry to inform policy decisions for improvements of water quality and health-related outcomes in Indigenous communities. A coordinated network looking at First Nations water and health outcomes, a database to store and create access to research findings, increased funding and time frames for funding, and more decolonizing and community-based participatory research aimed at understanding the relationship between drinking water quality and health outcomes in First Nations communities in Canada are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori E A Bradford
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Cheryl L Waldner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lalita A Bharadwaj
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;
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O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, Baxter L, Tricco AC, Straus S, Wickerson L, Nayar A, Moher D, O’Malley L. Advancing scoping study methodology: a web-based survey and consultation of perceptions on terminology, definition and methodological steps. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:305. [PMID: 27461419 PMCID: PMC4962390 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoping studies (or reviews) are a method used to comprehensively map evidence across a range of study designs in an area, with the aim of informing future research practice, programs and policy. However, no universal agreement exists on terminology, definition or methodological steps. Our aim was to understand the experiences of, and considerations for conducting scoping studies from the perspective of academic and community partners. Primary objectives were to 1) describe experiences conducting scoping studies including strengths and challenges; and 2) describe perspectives on terminology, definition, and methodological steps. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey with clinicians, educators, researchers, knowledge users, representatives from community-based organizations, graduate students, and policy stakeholders with experience and/or interest in conducting scoping studies to gain an understanding of experiences and perspectives on the conduct and reporting of scoping studies. We administered an electronic self-reported questionnaire comprised of 22 items related to experiences with scoping studies, strengths and challenges, opinions on terminology, and methodological steps. We analyzed questionnaire data using descriptive statistics and content analytical techniques. Survey results were discussed during a multi-stakeholder consultation to identify key considerations in the conduct and reporting of scoping studies. RESULTS Of the 83 invitations, 54 individuals (65 %) completed the scoping questionnaire, and 48 (58 %) attended the scoping study meeting from Canada, the United Kingdom and United States. Many scoping study strengths were dually identified as challenges including breadth of scope, and iterative process. No consensus on terminology emerged, however key defining features that comprised a working definition of scoping studies included the exploratory mapping of literature in a field; iterative process, inclusion of grey literature; no quality assessment of included studies, and an optional consultation phase. We offer considerations for the conduct and reporting of scoping studies for researchers, clinicians and knowledge users engaging in this methodology. CONCLUSIONS Lack of consensus on scoping terminology, definition and methodological steps persists. Reasons for this may be attributed to diversity of disciplines adopting this methodology for differing purposes. Further work is needed to establish guidelines on the reporting and methodological quality assessment of scoping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. O’Brien
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7 Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Suite 425, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6 Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7 Canada
| | - Heather Colquhoun
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7 Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7 Canada
| | - Danielle Levac
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Larry Baxter
- Community Member and Knowledge User, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Andrea C. Tricco
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8 Canada
| | - Sharon Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8 Canada
| | - Lisa Wickerson
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7 Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Ayesha Nayar
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Room 160, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7 Canada
| | - David Moher
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9 Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger-Guindon Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Lisa O’Malley
- Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
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1300
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Jesus TS, Bright F, Kayes N, Cott CA. Person-centred rehabilitation: what exactly does it mean? Protocol for a scoping review with thematic analysis towards framing the concept and practice of person-centred rehabilitation. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011959. [PMID: 27436670 PMCID: PMC4964252 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Person-centredness is a philosophy for organising and delivering healthcare based on patients' needs, preferences and experiences. Although widely endorsed, the concept suffers from a lack of detail and clarification, in turn accounting for ambiguous implementation and outcomes. While a conceptual framework based on a systematic review defines person/patient-centred care components (Scholl et al, 2014), it applies across healthcare contexts and may not be sensitive to the nuances of the rehabilitation of adults with physical impairments. Accordingly, this study aims to build a conceptual framework, based on existing literature, of what person-centredness means in the rehabilitation of adults with physical impairments in the clinical encounter and broader health service delivery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will use a scoping review methodology. Searches on relevant databases will be conducted first, combining keywords for 'rehabilitation', 'person-centered' and associated terms (including patient preferences/experiences). Next, snowball searches (citation tracking, references lists) will be performed. Papers will be included if they fall within predefined selection categories (seen as most likely informative on elements pertaining to person-centred rehabilitation) and are written in English, regardless of design (conceptual, qualitative, quantitative). Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by screening of the full text to determine inclusion. Experts will then be consulted to identify relevant missing papers. This can include elements other than the peer-reviewed literature (eg, book chapters, policy/legal papers). Finally, information that helps to build the concept and practice of person-centred rehabilitation will be abstracted independently by two reviewers and analysed by inductive thematic analysis to build the conceptual framework. DISSEMINATION The resulting framework will aid clarification regarding person-centred rehabilitation, which in turn is expected to conceptually ground and inform its operationalisation (eg, measurement, implementation, improvement). Findings will be disseminated through local, national and international stakeholders, both at the clinical and service organisation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago S Jesus
- Portuguese Ministry of Education. Aggregation of Schools of Escariz, Escariz, Portugal
| | - Felicity Bright
- Centre for Person Centred Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Kayes
- Centre for Person Centred Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl A Cott
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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