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Madsen TE, Ding L, Khoury JC, Haverbusch M, Woo D, Ferioli S, De Los Rios La Rosa F, Martini SR, Adeoye O, Khatri P, Flaherty ML, Mackey J, Mistry EA, Demel S, Coleman E, Jasne A, Slavin S, Walsh KB, Star M, Broderick JP, Kissela B, Kleindorfer DO. Trends Over Time in Stroke Incidence by Race in the Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study. Neurology 2024; 102:e208077. [PMID: 38546235 PMCID: PMC11097768 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding the current status of and temporal trends of stroke epidemiology by age, race, and stroke subtype is critical to evaluate past prevention efforts and to plan future interventions to eliminate existing inequities. We investigated trends in stroke incidence and case fatality over a 22-year time period. METHODS In this population-based stroke surveillance study, all cases of stroke in acute care hospitals within a 5-county population of southern Ohio/northern Kentucky in adults aged ≥20 years were ascertained during a full year every 5 years from 1993 to 2015. Temporal trends in stroke epidemiology were evaluated by age, race (Black or White), and subtype (ischemic stroke [IS], intracranial hemorrhage [ICH], or subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH]). Stroke incidence rates per 100,000 individuals from 1993 to 2015 were calculated using US Census data and age-standardized, race-standardized, and sex-standardized as appropriate. Thirty-day case fatality rates were also reported. RESULTS Incidence rates for stroke of any type and IS decreased in the combined population and among White individuals (any type, per 100,000, 215 [95% CI 204-226] in 1993/4 to 170 [95% CI 161-179] in 2015, p = 0.015). Among Black individuals, incidence rates for stroke of any type decreased over the study period (per 100,000, 349 [95% CI 311-386] in 1993/4 to 311 [95% CI 282-340] in 2015, p = 0.015). Incidence of ICH was stable over time in the combined population and in race-specific subgroups, and SAH decreased in the combined groups and in White adults. Incidence rates among Black adults were higher than those of White adults in all time periods, and Black:White risk ratios were highest in adults in young and middle age groups. Case fatality rates were similar by race and by time period with the exception of SAH in which 30-day case fatality rates decreased in the combined population and White adults over time. DISCUSSION Stroke incidence is decreasing over time in both Black and White adults, an encouraging trend in the burden of cerebrovascular disease in the US population. Unfortunately, however, Black:White disparities have not decreased over a 22-year period, especially among younger and middle-aged adults, suggesting the need for more effective interventions to eliminate inequities by race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy E Madsen
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Lili Ding
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jane C Khoury
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Mary Haverbusch
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Daniel Woo
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Simona Ferioli
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Felipe De Los Rios La Rosa
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Sharyl R Martini
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Opeolu Adeoye
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Pooja Khatri
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Matthew L Flaherty
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jason Mackey
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Eva A Mistry
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Stacie Demel
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Elisheva Coleman
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Adam Jasne
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Sabreena Slavin
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Kyle B Walsh
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Michael Star
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Joseph P Broderick
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Brett Kissela
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Dawn O Kleindorfer
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Epidemiology (T.E.M.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (L.D., J.C.K.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (M.H., D.W., S.F., F.D.L.R.L.R., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute (S.F., P.K., M.L.F., E.A.M., S.D., K.B.W., J.P.B., B.K., D.O.K.), Cincinnati, OH; Miami Neuroscience Institute (F.D.L.R.L.R.), Baptist Health South Florida, FL; Neurology Program (S.R.M.), Veterans Health Administration and Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Emergency Medicine (O.A.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.S.), Kansas City; Soroka Medical Center (M.S.), Beersheba, Israel; and Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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102
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Jia X, Nambi V, Berry JD, Dalmacy D, Ascher SB, Taylor AA, Hoogeveen RC, de Lemos JA, Ballantyne CM. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponins I and T and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Findings from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Clin Chem 2024; 70:414-424. [PMID: 38084941 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac troponins are associated with adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. The value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) independently and in concert with troponin T (hs-cTnT) in the management of hypertension has not been well studied. METHODS We assessed the utility of hs-cTnI independently and with hs-cTnT in identifying the highest risk individuals in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Among 8796 eligible SPRINT participants, hs-cTnI was measured at baseline and 1 year. The association of baseline level and 1-year change in hs-cTnI with CVD events and all-cause death was evaluated using adjusted Cox regression models. We further assessed the complementary value of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT by identifying concordant and discordant categories and assessing their association with outcomes. RESULTS hs-cTnI was positively associated with composite CVD risk [myocardial infarction, other acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or cardiovascular death: hazard ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.39 per 1-unit increase in log(troponin I)] independent of traditional risk factors, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and hs-cTnT. Intensive blood pressure lowering was associated with greater absolute risk reduction (4.5% vs 1.7%) and lower number needed to treat (23 vs 59) for CVD events among those with higher baseline hs-cTnI (≥6 ng/L in men, ≥4 ng/L in women). hs-cTnI increase at 1 year was also associated with increased CVD risk. hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT were complementary, and elevations in both identified individuals with the highest risk for CVD and death. CONCLUSIONS Baseline levels and change in hs-cTnI over 1 year identified higher-risk individuals who may derive greater cardiovascular benefit with intensive blood pressure treatment. hs-TnI and hs-TnT have complementary value in CVD risk assessment. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT01206062.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jia
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jarett D Berry
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Djhenne Dalmacy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Simon B Ascher
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Addison A Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James A de Lemos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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103
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Katz ME, Mszar R, Grimshaw AA, Gunderson CG, Onuma OK, Lu Y, Spatz ES. Digital Health Interventions for Hypertension Management in US Populations Experiencing Health Disparities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2356070. [PMID: 38353950 PMCID: PMC10867699 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Hypertension remains a leading factor associated with cardiovascular disease, and demographic and socioeconomic disparities in blood pressure (BP) control persist. While advances in digital health technologies have increased individuals' access to care for hypertension, few studies have analyzed the use of digital health interventions in vulnerable populations. Objective To assess the association between digital health interventions and changes in BP and to characterize tailored strategies for populations experiencing health disparities. Data Sources In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a systematic search identified studies evaluating digital health interventions for BP management in the Cochrane Library, Ovid Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception until October 30, 2023. Study Selection Included studies were randomized clinical trials or cohort studies that investigated digital health interventions for managing hypertension in adults; presented change in systolic BP (SBP) or baseline and follow-up SBP levels; and emphasized social determinants of health and/or health disparities, including a focus on marginalized populations that have historically been underserved or digital health interventions that were culturally or linguistically tailored to a population with health disparities. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers extracted and verified data. Mean differences in BP between treatment and control groups were analyzed using a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes included mean differences (95% CIs) in SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) from baseline to 6 and 12 months of follow-up between digital health intervention and control groups. Shorter- and longer-term follow-up durations were also assessed, and sensitivity analyses accounted for baseline BP levels. Results A total of 28 studies (representing 8257 participants) were included (overall mean participant age, 57.4 years [range, 46-71 years]; 4962 [60.1%], female). Most studies examined multicomponent digital health interventions incorporating remote BP monitoring (18 [64.3%]), community health workers or skilled nurses (13 [46.4%]), and/or cultural tailoring (21 [75.0%]). Sociodemographic characteristics were similar between intervention and control groups. Between the intervention and control groups, there were statistically significant mean differences in SBP at 6 months (-4.24 mm Hg; 95% CI, -7.33 to -1.14 mm Hg; P = .01) and SBP changes at 12 months (-4.30 mm Hg; 95% CI, -8.38 to -0.23 mm Hg; P = .04). Few studies (4 [14.3%]) reported BP changes and hypertension control beyond 1 year. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis of digital health interventions for hypertension management in populations experiencing health disparities, BP reductions were greater in the intervention groups compared with the standard care groups. The findings suggest that tailored initiatives that leverage digital health may have the potential to advance equity in hypertension outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reed Mszar
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alyssa A. Grimshaw
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Craig G. Gunderson
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Oyere K. Onuma
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Yuan Lu
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Erica S. Spatz
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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104
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Hall YN, Anderson ML, McClure JB, Ehrlich K, Hansell LD, Hsu CW, Margolis KL, Munson SA, Thompson MJ, Green BB. Relationship of Blood Pressure, Health Behaviors, and New Diagnosis and Control of Hypertension in the BP-CHECK Study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2024; 17:e010119. [PMID: 38328915 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.123.010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undiagnosed hypertension and uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) are common and contribute to excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We examined whether BP control, changes in BP, and patient behaviors and attitudes were associated with a new hypertension diagnosis. METHODS We performed a post hoc analysis of 323 participants from BP-CHECK (Blood Pressure Checks for Diagnosing Hypertension), a randomized diagnostic study of BP measuring methods in adults without diagnosed hypertension with elevated BP recruited from 12 primary care clinics of an integrated health care system in Washington State during 2017 to 2019. All 323 participants returned a positive diagnostic test for hypertension based on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and were followed for 6 months. We used linear regression to examine the relationships between a new hypertension diagnosis (primary independent variable) and differences in the change in study outcomes from baseline to 6-month. RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 58.3 years (SD, 13.1), 147 (45%) were women, and 253 (80%) were of non-Hispanic White race. At 6 months, 154 of 323 (48%) participants had a new hypertension diagnosis of whom 88 achieved target BP control. Participants with a new hypertension diagnosis experienced significantly larger declines from baseline in BP (adjusted mean difference: systolic BP, -7.6 mm Hg [95% CI, -10.3 to -4.8]; diastolic BP, -3.8 mm Hg [95% CI, -5.6 to -2.0]) compared with undiagnosed peers. They were also significantly more likely to achieve BP control by 6 months compared with undiagnosed participants (adjusted relative risk, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0]). At 6 months, 101 of 323 participants (31%) with a positive ambulatory BP monitoring diagnostic test remained with undiagnosed hypertension, uncontrolled BP, and no antihypertensive medications. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-third of participants with high BP on screening and ambulatory BP monitoring diagnostic testing remained with undiagnosed hypertension, uncontrolled BP, and no antihypertensive medications after 6 months. New strategies are needed to enhance integration of BP diagnostic testing into clinical practice. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03130257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio N Hall
- Kidney Research Institute (Y.N.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Nephrology Section, VA Puget Sound HCS, Seattle, WA (Y.N.H.)
| | - Melissa L Anderson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (M.L.A., J.B.M., K.E., L.H., C.H., B.B.G.)
| | - Jennifer B McClure
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (M.L.A., J.B.M., K.E., L.H., C.H., B.B.G.)
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA (J.B.M., B.B.G.)
| | - Kelly Ehrlich
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (M.L.A., J.B.M., K.E., L.H., C.H., B.B.G.)
| | - Laurel D Hansell
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (M.L.A., J.B.M., K.E., L.H., C.H., B.B.G.)
| | - Clarissa W Hsu
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (M.L.A., J.B.M., K.E., L.H., C.H., B.B.G.)
| | | | - Sean A Munson
- Department of Human Centered Design and Engineering (S.A.M.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Matthew J Thompson
- Clinical Research Scientist, Digital Health Center of Excellence, Google, Seattle, WA (M.J.T.)
| | - Beverly B Green
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (M.L.A., J.B.M., K.E., L.H., C.H., B.B.G.)
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA (J.B.M., B.B.G.)
- Washington Permanente Medical Group, Seattle (B.B.G.)
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105
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Bozzani A, Arici V, Di Marzo L, Sterpetti AV. New candidates for screening of abdominal aortic aneurysm outside of current guidelines. J Vasc Surg 2024; 79:452-454. [PMID: 38245188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2023.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Di Marzo
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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106
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Shi Y, McAdam-Marx C, Downes JM. Impact of home blood pressure monitors on self-monitoring and control of blood pressure in vulnerable adults. Blood Press Monit 2024; 29:35-40. [PMID: 37661734 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate associations between home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and blood pressure (BP) in vulnerable adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, when access to in-person care was restricted. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in adults with hypertension or elevated BP given a home BP monitor vs. usual care. Change in BP from baseline to follow-up was compared between groups, controlling for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses of BP outcomes were also assessed in patients age >50 years. There was no difference in SBP reduction between n = 82 HBPM patients (-11.7/-2.9 mmHg) and n = 280 usual care patients (-12.5/-5.8 mmHg; P > 0.05). Results were similar in multivariable analysis controlling for potential confounders [coefficient 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.98 to 4.87]. However, in the subgroup of patients aged>50 years, there was a significant association between SBP reduction and HBPM in the multivariable analyses (coefficient -7.2, 95% CI -13.8 to -0.62, P = 0.032). HBPM use was not associated with BP reduction in vulnerable adults overall during high telehealth use. An association between SBP reduction and HBPM was observed in those aged>50 years. Targeting limited HBPM resources to those aged >50 years old may have the most impact on BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Carrie McAdam-Marx
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jessica M Downes
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, Nebraska
- OneWorld Community Health Centers, Inc., Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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107
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Kasanagottu K, Mukamal KJ, Landon BE. Predictors of treatment intensification in uncontrolled hypertension. J Hypertens 2024; 42:283-291. [PMID: 37889569 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies have shown that treatment intensification for patients presenting with uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) rarely occurs, even during visits to the patient's own primary care physicians (PCPs). In this article, we identified predictors of treatment intensification for uncontrolled HTN. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using nationally representative survey data on visits by patients aged 18 or above with uncontrolled HTN, defined as a recorded SBP at least 140 and/or a DBP at least 90 using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) 2008-2018. Our outcome is treatment intensification defined as the addition of a new blood pressure medication. RESULTS We analyzed 22 559 visits to PCPs where uncontrolled HTN was noted, representing 801 023 786 visits nationally. Among these encounters, 2138 (10.3%) of the visits resulted in treatment intensification. Visits with the patient's own PCP had higher rates of treatment intensification than visits to another PCP (10.8 vs. 5.9%, P < 0.0001). Visits for patients previously on antihypertensive medications had lower rates of treatment intensification (11% for no medications, 10.4% for one medication, 6.6% for ≥2 medications, P < 0.0001), but there were no statistically significant differences in rates of intensification for those with relevant comorbidities (9.4% for no chronic conditions, 10.8% for one to two chronic conditions, 8.9% for at least three chronic conditions, P = 0.12). Multivariable adjusted results were similar to the unadjusted findings. CONCLUSION Visits for patients with uncontrolled HTN rarely result in treatment intensification. Substantial opportunity exists to improve management of HTN, particularly for patients on fewer medications or seen by a covering provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Kasanagottu
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline
- Department of Medicine
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline
- Department of Medicine
| | - Bruce E Landon
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline
- Department of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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108
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Harfmann BD, Neph SE, Gardner MM, Plouffe AA, Vranish JR, Montoye AHK. Comparison of the Omron HeartGuide to the Welch Allyn ProBP 3400 blood pressure monitor. Blood Press Monit 2024; 29:45-54. [PMID: 37702590 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately 100 million U.S. adults and is the leading single contributing risk factor to all-cause mortality. Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is essential in the treatment of BP, and a number of devices exist for monitoring. Recently, a new watch-type design was released, the Omron HeartGuide (BP8000), with claims to provide clinically accurate BP measurement while also tracking activity and sleep similar to smart watches. The aim of this research was done in two studies: (1) evaluation of the HeartGuide device for measurement of resting BP and heart rate (HR); and (2) assessment of the HeartGuide for BP, HR, step-counting and sleep monitoring during activities of daily living. Study 1 compared the Omron HeartGuide to the previously validated Welch Allyn ProBP 3400 following a modified version of the Universal Standard for validation of BP measuring devices set by the AAMI/ESH/ISO. While resting HR measured by the HeartGuide was similar to Welch Allyn measures, both systolic and diastolic BP were significantly lower ( P ≤0.001), with differences of 10.4 (11.1) and 3.2 (10.0) mmHg, respectively. Study 2 compared HeartGuide measures to Welch Allyn measures for BP, HR, steps and sleep during various body positions (supine, seated, standing), physiological stressors (cold pressor test, lower body submersion, exercise), and free-living. The HeartGuide significantly underestimated BP though provided accurate HR during most conditions. It also significantly underestimated steps, but reported sleep measures similar to those subjectively reported. Based on the significant differences between the HeartGuide and Welch Allyn, our data indicate the HeartGuide is not a suitable replacement for existing BP monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D Harfmann
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Health Science, Alma College, Alma, Michigan, USA
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Calixte R, Chahal K, Besson A, Kaplan MS. Access to routine health care and awareness of hypertension status among adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2018. Prev Med 2024; 179:107843. [PMID: 38176445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a growing pandemic affecting over 1 billion people worldwide; about 46% of people with hypertension are unaware. METHOD Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 were analyzed to assess the relationship between access to a routine place of care and undiagnosed hypertension in adults aged 18 to 64 years old. We defined undiagnosed hypertension as those meeting the 2017 American Heart Association's guidelines for stage 1 or 2 hypertension who reported not being told by their healthcare provider that they had hypertension. We used a multivariable Poisson regression model to assess the relationship between access to a routine place of care and undiagnosed hypertension. RESULT The final analytic sample was 5345 hypertensive American adults, with 56% unaware of their status. The results indicate that lack of awareness of hypertension status was highest among those without a routine place of care [PR = 1.20, CI = (1.12-1.29), p < 0.001] compared to those with access to a routine place of care, after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION Access to a routine place of care in a non-emergency department setting is essential to reduce the rate of undiagnosed hypertension among American adults. Policymakers should implement policies to address the shortage of primary care providers and increase access to a routine place of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Calixte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America.
| | - Kunika Chahal
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Ayanna Besson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Mark S Kaplan
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Ishak AM, Mukamal KJ, Wood JM, Vyavahare M, Cluett JL, Juraschek SP. Pharmacist-led rapid medication titration for hypertension management by telehealth: A quality improvement initiative. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2024; 26:217-220. [PMID: 38192180 PMCID: PMC10857470 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension guidelines recommend team-based care for the treatment of high blood pressure (BP). Clinical pharmacists can help patients get to goal BP with rapid medication titration in conjunction with telehealth visits. We conducted a pharmacist-led home BP monitoring pilot program from June 2020 to September 2021. Forty-two patients with a SBP ≥140 despite using ≤2 antihypertensive medications were referred for pharmacist telehealth with expedited medication titration to achieve a BP goal <130/80. The mean enrollment SBP/DBP was 155.2 (SD, 15.8)/89.7 (SD, 11.5) mm Hg, and the mean completion SBP/DBP was 132.1 (SD, 10.9)/77.6 (SD, 10). The number of hypertension medications prescribed increased from 1.3 to 1.6 with no instances of falls or hypotension. At completion, 31% of patients had an automated office blood pressure (AOBP) with SBP <130 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg. A pharmacist-led, home BP monitoring telehealth pilot program helped patients safely achieve BP goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Medha Vyavahare
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Cluett
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Stephen P. Juraschek
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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111
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Weng J, Mao Y, Xie Q, Sun K, Kong X. Gender differences in the association between healthy eating index-2015 and hypertension in the US population: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:330. [PMID: 38297284 PMCID: PMC10829399 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet has long been recognized as an important modifiable risk factor for hypertension. Herein, our research goal was to decipher the association of healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with hypertension, and to explore potential gender differences. METHODS We collected the cross-sectional data of 42,391 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. The association of HEI-2015 with hypertension was estimated using weighted multivariate logistic regression, with restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression being adopted to examine the nonlinearity of this association in both genders, and the stability of the results were examined by sensitivity analysis. We also performed subgroup analysis to detect potential difference in the link between HEI-2015 and hypertension stratified by several confounding factors. RESULTS After eliminating potential confounding bias, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension across higher HEI-2015 quartiles were 0.93 (0.85-1.03), 0.84 (0.77-0.93), and 0.78 (0.72-0.86) compared to the lowest quartile, respectively. HEI-2015 was nonlinearly and inversely associated with hypertension in all participants. The gender-specific RCS curves presented a U-shaped correlation in males, while showed a linear and inverse correlation in females. Besides, subgroup analyses showed a lower risk of hypertension in participants who were females, younger than 40 years, Whites, obese, and diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS We determined a nonlinear and inverse association between HEI-2015 and hypertension in the US general population, and revealed a remarkable gender difference when adhering to a HEI-2015 diet for preventing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China.
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Lu Y, Zhang J, Li H, Li T. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with self-reported osteoarthritis among the US adults. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:40. [PMID: 38297351 PMCID: PMC10829206 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and osteoarthritis (OA) has not been well elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between NAFLD and OA in the US adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on participants in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle. NAFLD was defined by the vibration-controlled transient elastography. The diagnosis of OA was based on self-reported data. Weighted multiple logistic regression models and stratified analyses were performed to explore the relationship and verify the stability of the conclusions. Sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation for missing data and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed. RESULTS In total, 2622 participants [Male: 1260 (47.8%)] were included in this study with a mean age of 48.1 years old (95% CI, 46.6-49.6 years old), containing 317 (12.8%) OA patients and 1140 NAFLD patients (41.5%). A logistic regression indicated a significant association between NAFLD and OA without adjustment [odds ratio (OR) = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.52-2.78]. The association remained stable after adjustment for covariates (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.26-2.34). Sensitivity analysis of missing data with multiple interpolation and PSM found similar results. A significant and consistent association of NAFLD with OA was still observed in each subgroup stratified by age and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Stratified by sex, obesity, and sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) category, a statistically significant association was only shown in females, those without obesity, and those without hyper hs-CRP. The results illustrated that the relationship between NAFLD and OA was stable in all subgroups and had no interaction. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD was positively correlated with OA. Given the current pandemic of NAFLD and OA, clinicians should screen for NAFLD in arthritis patients and intervene early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hejun Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Funes Hernandez M, Babakhanian M, Chen TP, Sarraju A, Seninger C, Ravi V, Azizi Z, Tooley J, Chang TI, Lu Y, Downing NL, Rodriguez F, Li RC, Sandhu AT, Turakhia M, Bhalla V, Wang PJ. Design and Implementation of an Electronic Health Record-Integrated Hypertension Management Application. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030884. [PMID: 38226516 PMCID: PMC10926825 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure affects approximately 116 million adults in the United States. It is the leading risk factor for death and disability across the world. Unfortunately, over the past decade, hypertension control rates have decreased across the United States. Prediction models and clinical studies have shown that reducing clinician inertia alone is sufficient to reach the target of ≥80% blood pressure control. Digital health tools containing evidence-based algorithms that are able to reduce clinician inertia are a good fit for turning the tide in blood pressure control, but careful consideration should be taken in the design process to integrate digital health interventions into the clinical workflow. METHODS We describe the development of a provider-facing hypertension management platform. We enumerate key steps of the development process, including needs finding, clinical workflow analysis, treatment algorithm creation, platform design and electronic health record integration. We interviewed and surveyed 5 Stanford clinicians from primary care, cardiology, and their clinical care team members (including nurses, advanced practice providers, medical assistants) to identify needs and break down the steps of clinician workflow analysis. The application design and development stage were aided by a team of approximately 15 specialists in the fields of primary care, hypertension, bioinformatics, and software development. CONCLUSIONS Digital monitoring holds immense potential for revolutionizing chronic disease management. Our team developed a hypertension management platform at an academic medical center to address some of the top barriers to adoption and achieving clinical outcomes. The frameworks and processes described in this article may be used for the development of a diverse range of digital health tools in the cardiovascular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Funes Hernandez
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Stanford Hypertension CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Meghedi Babakhanian
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Tania P. Chen
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Ashish Sarraju
- Stanford Hypertension CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Clark Seninger
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Vishnu Ravi
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - James Tooley
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Tara I. Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Stanford Hypertension CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biomedical Data SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - N. Lance Downing
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Ron C. Li
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Alexander T. Sandhu
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Mintu Turakhia
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Stanford Hypertension CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Paul J. Wang
- Center for Digital Health, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
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Lu Y, Arowojolu O, Qiu X, Liu Y, Curry L, Krumholz HM. Barriers to Optimal Clinician Guideline Adherence in the Management of Markedly Elevated Blood Pressure: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Electronic Health Records. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.12.24301223. [PMID: 38260693 PMCID: PMC10802744 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.24301223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Hypertension poses a significant public health challenge. Despite clinical practice guidelines for hypertension management, clinician adherence to these guidelines remains suboptimal. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop a taxonomy of suboptimal adherence scenarios for severe hypertension and identify barriers to guideline adherence. DESIGN We conducted a qualitative content analysis using electronic health records (EHRs) of Yale New Haven Health System who had at least two consecutive visits between January 1, 2013, and October 31, 2018. SETTING This was a thematic analysis of EHR data to generate a real-world taxonomy of scenarios of suboptimal clinician guideline adherence in the management of severe hypertension. PARTICIPANTS We identified patients with markedly elevated blood pressure ([BP]; defined as at least 2 consecutive readings of BP ≥160/100 mmHg) and no prescription for antihypertensive medication within a 90-day of the 2nd BP elevation (n=4,828). We randomly selected 100 records from the group of all eligible patients for qualitative analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The scenarios and influencing factors contributing to clinician non-adherence to the guidelines for hypertension management. RESULTS Thematic saturation was reached after analyzing 100 patient records. Three content domains emerged: clinician-related scenarios (neglect and diffusion of responsibility), patient-related scenarios (patient non-adherence and patient preference), and clinical complexity-related scenarios (diagnostic uncertainty, maintenance of current intervention and competing medical priorities). Through a metareview of literature, we identified several plausible influencing factors, including a lack of protocols and processes that clearly define the roles within the institution to implement guidelines, infrastructure limitations, and clinicians' lack of autonomy and authority, excessive workload, time constraints, clinician belief that intervention was not part of their role, or perception that guidelines restrict clinical judgment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study illuminates reasons for suboptimal adherence to guidelines for managing markedly elevated BP. The taxonomy of suboptimal adherence scenarios, derived from real-world EHR data, is pragmatic and provides a basis for developing targeted interventions to improve clinician guideline adherence and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Oreoluwa Arowojolu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Qiu
- Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuntian Liu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leslie Curry
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Mao Y, Weng J, Xie Q, Wu L, Xuan Y, Zhang J, Han J. Association between dietary inflammatory index and Stroke in the US population: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38166986 PMCID: PMC10763382 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing awareness that diet-related inflammation may have an impact on the stroke. Herein, our goal was to decipher the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with stroke in the US general population. METHODS We collected the cross-sectional data of 44,019 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. The association of DII with stroke was estimated using weighted multivariate logistic regression, with its nonlinearity being examined by restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied for identifying key stroke-related dietary factors, which was then included in the establishment of a risk prediction nomogram model, with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve being built to evaluate its discriminatory power for stroke. RESULTS After confounder adjustment, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stroke across higher DII quartiles were 1.19 (0.94-1.54), 1.46 (1.16-1.84), and 1.87 (1.53-2.29) compared to the lowest quartile, respectively. The RCS curve showed a nonlinear and positive association between DII and stroke. The nomogram model based on key dietary factors identified by LASSO regression displayed a considerable predicative value for stroke, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 79.8% (78.2-80.1%). CONCLUSIONS Our study determined a nonlinear and positive association between DII and stroke in the US general population. Given the intrinsic limitations of cross-sectional study design, it is necessary to conduct more research to ensure the causality of such association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 215008, Suzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 215008, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Lida Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Xuan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210006, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 215008, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, 214065, Wuxi, China.
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Kalogeropoulos AP, Jang KH, Hall ME. Predicting heart failure: The promise of proteomics. Eur J Heart Fail 2024; 26:103-106. [PMID: 38191991 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine H Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Rifkin DE. Lost in Translation: Why Are Rates of Hypertension Control Getting Worse Over Time? Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:101-107. [PMID: 37714284 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of hypertension to decrease rates of cardiovascular disease is the most well studied and most broadly applicable treatment in cardiovascular prevention. Blood pressure can be measured anywhere, not just in a physician's office; medications are readily available, inexpensive, and have highly favorable benefit/harm ratios with relatively minimal side effects; and stepped medication regimens can be prescribed in algorithmic fashion by a variety of practitioners. Yet overall hypertension control rates in the United States have never exceeded 60%, and the last 5-10 years have seen decreased, rather than increased, rates of control. Here, I describe the scale of this massive failure to deliver on the promise of preventive hypertension care; outline the populations most affected and the contemporaneous events that have impacted hypertension control; discuss the disparate paths of hypertension science and health care delivery; and highlight novel interventions, approaches, and future opportunities to bend the curve back toward improvements in hypertension control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena E Rifkin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, VA Healthcare System, and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.
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118
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Chapman FA, Maguire JJ, Newby DE, Davenport AP, Dhaun N. Targeting the apelin system for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2683-2696. [PMID: 37956047 PMCID: PMC10757586 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Its prevalence is rising due to ageing populations and the increasing incidence of diseases such as chronic kidney disease, obesity, and diabetes that are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Despite currently available treatments, there remains a huge burden of cardiovascular disease-associated morbidity for patients and healthcare systems, and newer treatments are needed. The apelin system, comprising the apelin receptor and its two endogenous ligands apelin and elabela, is a broad regulator of physiology that opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin and vasopressin systems. Activation of the apelin receptor promotes endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and inotropy, lowers blood pressure, and promotes angiogenesis. The apelin system appears to protect against arrhythmias, inhibits thrombosis, and has broad anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. It also promotes aqueous diuresis through direct and indirect (central) effects in the kidney. Thus, the apelin system offers therapeutic promise for a range of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases. This review will discuss current cardiovascular disease targets of the apelin system and future clinical utility of apelin receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Chapman
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Neeraj Dhaun
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Sims KD, Wei PC, Penko JM, Hennessy S, Coxson PG, Mukand NH, Bellows BK, Kazi DS, Zhang Y, Boylan R, Moran AE, Bibbins-Domingo K. Projected Impact of Nonpharmacologic Management of Stage 1 Hypertension Among Lower-Risk US Adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.26.23300563. [PMID: 38234772 PMCID: PMC10793531 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.26.23300563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background The 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines newly classified 31 million US adults as having stage 1 hypertension. The ACC/AHA guidelines recommend behavioral change without pharmacology for the low-risk portion of this group. However, the nationwide reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated healthcare expenditures achievable by evidence-based dietary improvements, sustained weight loss, adequate physical activity, and alcohol moderation remain unquantified. We estimated the effect of systolic BP (SBP) control and behavioral changes on 10-year CVD outcomes and costs. Methods We used the CVD Policy Model to simulate CVD events, mortality, and healthcare costs among US adults aged 35-64. We simulated interventions on a target population, identified from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with low-risk stage 1 systolic hypertension: defined as untreated SBP 130-139 mmHg and diastolic BP <90 mmHg; no history of CVD, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease; and low 10-year risk of CVD. We used published meta-analyses and trials to estimate the effects of behavior modification on SBP. We assessed the extent to which intermittent healthcare utilization or partial uptake of nonpharmacologic therapy would decrease CVD events prevented. Results Controlling SBP to <130 mmHg among the estimated 8.8 million U.S. adults (51% women) in the target population could prevent 26,100 CVD events, avoid 2,900 deaths, and save $1.6 billion in healthcare costs over 10 years. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet could prevent 16,000 CVD events among men and 12,000 among women over a decade. Other nonpharmacologic interventions could avert between 3,700 and 19,500 CVD events. However, only 5.5 million (61%) of the target population regularly utilized healthcare where recommended clinician counseling could occur. Conclusions As only two-thirds of U.S. adults with Stage 1 hypertension regularly receive medical care, substantial benefits to cardiovascular health and associated costs may only stem from policies that promote widespread adoption and sustained adherence of nonpharmacologic therapy. Future work should quantify the population-level costs, benefits, and efficacy of improving the food system and local infrastructure on health behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra D. Sims
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Pengxiao Carol Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanne M. Penko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Susan Hennessy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pamela G. Coxson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nita H. Mukand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brandon K. Bellows
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Dhruv S. Kazi
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ross Boylan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew E. Moran
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
- Editorial Board, Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois
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Marcotte-Chénard A, Tremblay R, Falkenhain K, Little JP, Riesco E. Effect of Acute and Chronic Ingestion of Exogenous Ketone Supplements on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:408-426. [PMID: 38145410 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2289961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous ketone supplements have been suggested to have potential cardiovascular benefits, but their overall effect on blood pressure is unclear. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of exogenous ketone supplements on blood pressure (BP) and concomitant changes in resting heart rate (HR). Five databases were searched on January 27th, 2023, for randomized and non-randomized studies. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed including all studies jointly and separately for acute and chronic ingestion of ketone supplements. Out of 4012 studies identified in the search, 4 acute and 6 chronic studies with n = 187 participants were included. Pooled results (n = 10) showed no change in systolic (SMD [95% CI]= -0.14 [-0.40; 0.11]; I2= 30%; p = 0.17) or diastolic BP (-0.12 [-0.30; 0.05]; I2= 0%; p = 0.69), with a potential tendency observed toward increased resting heart rate (0.17 [-0.14; 0.47]; I2= 40%; p = 0.10). Similar results for systolic and diastolic BP were observed when assessing separately the effect of acute and chronic ingestion of ketone supplements (p ≥ 0.33). Supplement dosage was found to modulate the increase in resting heart rate (0.019 ± 0.006; p = 0.013; R2=100%), suggesting that higher supplement doses lead to a higher resting heart rate. Based on currently available data, acute or prolonged ingestion of ketone supplements does not seem to modulate BP. However, a tendency for HR to increase after acute ingestion was observed, particularly with higher doses. Higher quality studies with appropriate standardized measurements are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Marcotte-Chénard
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renaud Tremblay
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kaja Falkenhain
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eléonor Riesco
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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121
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Cohen JB, Juraschek SP. Making Sense of Individual Responses to Sodium Reduction. JAMA 2023; 330:2251-2252. [PMID: 38112823 PMCID: PMC11073508 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordana B Cohen
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Stephen P Juraschek
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lhoste VPF, Zhou B, Mishra A, Bennett JE, Filippi S, Asaria P, Gregg EW, Danaei G, Ezzati M. Cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes and transitions in the United States population. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 3:46-59. [PMID: 38314318 PMCID: PMC7615595 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and renal conditions have both shared and distinct determinants. In this study, we applied unsupervised clustering to multiple rounds of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 2018, and identified 10 cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes. These included a 'low risk' phenotype; two groups with average risk factor levels but different heights; one group with low body-mass index and high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; five phenotypes with high levels of one or two related risk factors ('high heart rate', 'high cholesterol', 'high blood pressure', 'severe obesity' and 'severe hyperglycemia'); and one phenotype with low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Prevalence of the 'high blood pressure' and 'high cholesterol' phenotypes decreased over time, contrasted by a rise in the 'severe obesity' and 'low DBP, low eGFR' phenotypes. The cardiometabolic and renal traits of the US population have shifted from phenotypes with high blood pressure and cholesterol toward poor kidney function, hyperglycemia and severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P. F. Lhoste
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anu Mishra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James E. Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Filippi
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Perviz Asaria
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward W. Gregg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Einhorn J, Murphy AR, Rogal SS, Suffoletto B, Irizarry T, Rollman BL, Forman DE, Muldoon MF. Automated Messaging Program to Facilitate Systematic Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Qualitative Analysis of Provider Interviews. JMIR Cardio 2023; 7:e51316. [PMID: 38048147 PMCID: PMC10728784 DOI: 10.2196/51316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular and kidney disease in the United States, yet blood pressure (BP) control at a population level is poor and worsening. Systematic home BP monitoring (HBPM) programs can lower BP, but programs supporting HBPM are not routinely used. The MyBP program deploys automated bidirectional text messaging for HBPM and disease self-management support. OBJECTIVE We aim to produce a qualitative analysis of input from providers and staff regarding implementation of an innovative HBPM program in primary care practices. METHODS Semistructured interviews (average length 31 minutes) were conducted with physicians (n=11), nurses, and medical assistants (n=6) from primary care settings. The interview assessed multiple constructs in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains of intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, and characteristics of individuals. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive coding to organize meaningful excerpts and identify salient themes, followed by mapping to the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research constructs. RESULTS Health care providers reported that MyBP has good ease of use and was likely to engage patients in managing their high BP. They also felt that it would directly support systematic BP monitoring and habit formation in the convenience of the patient's home. This could increase health literacy and generate concrete feedback to raise the day-to-day salience of BP control. Providers expressed concern that the cost of BP devices remains an encumbrance. Some patients were felt to have overriding social or emotional barriers, or lack the needed technical skills to interact with the program, use good measurement technique, and input readings accurately. With respect to effects on their medical practice, providers felt MyBP would improve the accuracy and frequency of HBPM data, and thereby improve diagnosis and treatment management. The program may positively affect the patient-provider relationship by increasing rapport and bidirectional accountability. Providers appreciated receiving aggregated HBPM data to increase their own efficiency but also expressed concern about timely routing of incoming HBPM reports, lack of true integration with the electronic health record, and the need for a dedicated and trained staff member. CONCLUSIONS In this qualitative analysis, health care providers perceived strong relative advantages of using MyBP to support patients. The identified barriers suggest the need for corrective implementation strategies to support providers in adopting the program into routine primary care practice, such as integration into the workflow and provider education. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03650166; https://tinyurl.com/bduwn6r4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew R Murphy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shari S Rogal
- Dissemination and Implementation Science Collaboration, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian Suffoletto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Taya Irizarry
- Department of Advanced Analytics and Population Health, Highmark Health Enterprise, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bruce L Rollman
- Center for Behavioral Health, Media and Techology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Geriatrics, Reseach, Education and Clinical Care (GRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew F Muldoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- UPMC Hypertension Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, UPMC Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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124
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Zhao J, Fu S, Chen Q. Association between the serum vitamin D level and prevalence of obesity/abdominal obesity in women with infertility: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2217251. [PMID: 37267998 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2217251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the relationship between vitamin D and obesity and abdominal obesity in women with infertility. MATERIAL AND METHODS We screened the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016. A total of 201 infertile women between the ages of 20 and 40 years were included in our study. To estimate the independent association of vitamin D with obesity and abdominal obesity, we used weighted multivariate logistic regression models and cubic spline analyses. RESULTS Among infertile women in the NHANES 2013-2016 database, serum vitamin D levels were significantly and negatively associated with body mass index (ß= -0.96, 95% CI: -1.40, -0.51, p < 0.001)and waist circumference (ß= -0.40, 95% CI: -0.59, -0.22, p < 0.001), respectively. After multivariable adjustment, lower vitamin D levels were found to be associated with a higher prevalence of obesity (OR: 8.290, 95% CI: 2.451-28.039, p for trend = 0.001) and abdominal obesity (OR: 4.820, 95%CI: 1.351-17.194, p for trend =0.037). Spline regression showed linearity of the associations between vitamin D and obesity/abdominal obesity (p for nonlinearity > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that a decreased vitamin D might correspond to a higher prevalence of obesity in infertile women, which reminded us to pay more attention to the supplement of vitamin D in obese infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengyu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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125
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Hering D, Narkiewicz K. Novel approaches: targeting sympathetic outflow in the carotid sinus. Blood Press 2023; 32:2232873. [PMID: 37470450 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2232873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled hypertension drives the global burden of increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Although high blood pressure (BP) is treatable and preventable, only half of the patients with hypertension undergoing treatment have their BP controlled. The failure of polypharmacy to attain adequate BP control may be due to a lack of physiological response, however, medication non-adherence and clinician inertia to increase treatment intensity are critical factors associated with poor hypertension management. The long-time medication titration, lifelong drug therapy, and often multi-drug treatment strategy are frustrating when the BP goal is not achieved, leading to increased CVD risk and a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Growing evidence indicates that neurohumoral activation is critical in initiating and maintaining elevated BP and its adverse consequences. Over the past decades, device-based therapies targeting the mechanisms underlying hypertension pathophysiology have been extensively studied. Among these, robust clinical experience for hypertension management exists for renal denervation (RDN) and baroreflex activation therapy (BAT), carotid body denervation (CBD), central arteriovenous anastomosis, and to a lesser extent, deep brain stimulation. Future studies are warranted to define the role of device-based approaches as an alternative or adjunctive treatment option to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Hering
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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126
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Zhou X, Xue Q, You J, Li S, Li L, Zhu W, Fu Y, Sun X. Efficacy and safety of community-based moxibustion for primary hypertension: A randomized controlled trial with patient preference arms. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:1151-1162. [PMID: 37864810 PMCID: PMC10710558 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Moxibustion has been shown to have a potential antihypertensive effect, but its applicability for the primary care of hypertension is unclear. The authors conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) with patient preference arms to investigate the effect, safety, cost-effectiveness, and compliance of moxibustion in community patients with hypertension. Patients with primary hypertension were enrolled from seven communities randomly or nonrandomly assigned to receive self-administered moxibustion + the original hypertensive regimen or the original hypertensive regimen alone for 6 months. The authors mainly evaluated the effects of moxibustion on hypertensive outcomes and adverse events. As a result, a total of 160 and 240 patients were recruited into the randomized and nonrandomized arms, respectively, with 87.5% completing the follow-up. At month 6, there was a significantly greater reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (difference: -10.57 mmHg), a higher proportion of responders (82.2% vs. 53.7%; odds ratio 4.00), and better improvements in hypertensive symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in the moxibustion group than in the control group in the randomized population, but there was no significant between-group difference in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The nonrandomized findings showed the same effect direction for all outcomes, except for DBP. All moxibustion-related adverse events were mild. In conclusion, moxibustion can reduce SBP and improve hypertensive symptoms and QoL in community patients with hypertension, with good safety and low cost, although its effect on DBP remains uncertain. The findings suggest that moxibustion may be an appropriate technique for community primary care of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Evidence‐Based Medicine Research CenterJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Graduate SchoolJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Jianyu You
- Graduate SchoolJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Shuqing Li
- Graduate SchoolJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Ling Li
- Chinese Evidence‐Based Medicine CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Evidence‐Based Medicine Research CenterJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Yong Fu
- First Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Xin Sun
- Evidence‐Based Medicine Research CenterJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
- Chinese Evidence‐Based Medicine CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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127
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Egan BM, Myftari K. Trends in Hypertension Control Among United States Adults: Is NHANES the Outlier? Hypertension 2023; 80:2544-2546. [PMID: 37967159 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Egan
- American Medical Association, Improving Health Outcomes, Greenville, SC (B.M.E.)
| | - Klodiana Myftari
- American Medical Association, Improving Health Outcomes, Chicago, IL (K.M.)
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128
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Yang R, Tang J, Kuang M, Liu H. Analysis of prescription status of antihypertensive drugs in Chinese patients with hypertension based on real-world study. Ann Med 2023; 55:276-284. [PMID: 36594446 PMCID: PMC9815216 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2162113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the prevalence of hypertension and the accompanying burden of cardiovascular disease are increasing. Through drug utilization research, we can understand the prescription status of hypertension patients and promote rational drug use. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the current prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in Chinese patients and determine the compliance level of treatment guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Around 11.1 million patients who received a prescription for antihypertensive therapy between January 2021 to December 2021 were obtained from a database of Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd. RESULTS The mean age of hypertensive patients was 54.75 ± 12.98 years. About 6.7 million (60.30%) were males. About 46.07% of patients had comorbidities. The most common classes of antihypertensive medications used were calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Around 78.33% of participants were on monotherapy. Diuretics + ARBs and Diuretics + CCBs + ARBs were the most commonly prescribed pattern in two-drug combination therapy and three-drug combination therapy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CCBs and ARBs were the two most frequently prescribed for patients with hypertension. The prescription pattern of antihypertensive medications in the study largely complied with recommended Chinese hypertension guidelines.Key messagesCardiovascular disease is the most common complication of hypertension.Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are the two most commonly used drugs for hypertension patients in China.The proportion of combination prescription pattern in Chinese hypertensive patients is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renren Yang
- Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Liu
- Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Kang Sheng Health Consulting CO., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
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129
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Smith JD, Carroll AJ, Sanuade OA, Johnson R, Abramsohn EM, Abbas H, Ahmad FS, Eggleston A, Lazar D, Lindau ST, McHugh M, Mohanty N, Philbin S, Pinkerton EA, Rosul LL, Merle JL, Tedla YG, Walunas TL, Davis P, Kho A. Process of Engaging Community and Scientific Partners in the Development of the CIRCL-Chicago Study Protocol. Ethn Dis 2023; DECIPHeR:18-26. [PMID: 38846735 PMCID: PMC11099531 DOI: 10.18865/ed.decipher.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hypertension affects 1 in 3 adults in the United States and disproportionately affects African Americans. Kaiser Permanente demonstrated that a "bundle" of evidence-based interventions significantly increased blood pressure control rates. This paper describes a multiyear process of developing the protocol for a trial of the Kaiser bundle for implementation in under-resourced urban communities experiencing cardiovascular health disparities during the planning phase of this biphasic award (UG3/UH3). Methods The protocol was developed by a collaboration of faith-based community members, representatives from community health center practice-based research networks, and academic scientists with expertise in health disparities, implementation science, community-engaged research, social care interventions, and health informatics. Scientists from the National Institutes of Health and the other grantees of the Disparities Elimination through Coordinated Interventions to Prevent and Control Heart and Lung Disease Risk (DECIPHeR) Alliance also contributed to developing our protocol. Results The protocol is a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation study using a parallel cluster randomized trial to test the impact of practice facilitation on implementation of the Kaiser bundle in community health centers compared with implementation without facilitation. A central strategy to the Kaiser bundle is to coordinate implementation via faith-based and other community organizations for recruitment and navigation of resources for health-related social risks. Conclusions The proposed research has the potential to improve identification, diagnosis, and control of blood pressure among under-resourced communities by connecting community entities and healthcare organizations in new ways. Faith-based organizations are a trusted voice in African American communities that could be instrumental for eliminating disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Smith
- Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Olutobi A. Sanuade
- Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | - Faraz S. Ahmad
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | - Megan McHugh
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Nivedita Mohanty
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- AllianceChicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sarah Philbin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - El A. Pinkerton
- University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, IL
| | | | - James L. Merle
- Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Paris Davis
- Total Resource Community Development Organization, Chicago, IL
| | - Abel Kho
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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130
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Philbin S, Johnson RE, Pedamallu H, Carroll AJ, Ekong A, Lazar D, Mohanty N, McHugh M, Tedla Y, Davis P, Kho A, Smith JD. Planning the Implementation of a Multilevel Blood Pressure Control Intervention in Chicago: Community and Clinical Perspectives. Ethn Dis 2023; DECIPHeR:60-67. [PMID: 38846723 PMCID: PMC11099518 DOI: 10.18865/ed.decipher.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The complications of hypertension disproportionately impact African American residents in Chicago's South Side neighborhood. To inform the implementation of an evidence-based multilevel hypertension management intervention, we sought to identify community member- and clinician-level barriers to diagnosing and treating hypertension, and strategies for addressing those barriers. Methods We conducted 5 focus groups with members of faith-based organizations (FBOs) (n=40) and 8 focus groups with clinicians and administrators (n=26) employed by community health centers (CHCs) located in Chicago's South Side. Results Participants across groups identified the physical environment, including lack of access to clinics and healthy food, as a risk factor for hypertension. Participants also identified inconsistent results from home blood pressure monitoring and medication side effects as barriers to seeking diagnosis and treatment. Potential strategies raised by participants to address these barriers included (1) addressing patients' unmet social needs, such as food security and transportation; (2) offering education that meaningfully engages patients in discussions about managing hypertension (eg, medication adherence, diet, follow-up care); (3) coordinating referrals via community-based organizations (including FBOs) to CHCs for hypertension management; and (4) establishing a setting where community members managing hypertension diagnosis can support one another. Conclusions Clinic-level barriers to the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, such as competing priorities and resource constraints, are exacerbated by community-level stressors. Community members and clinicians agreed that it is important to select implementation strategies that leverage and enhance both community- and clinic-based resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Philbin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nivedita Mohanty
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- AllianceChicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Megan McHugh
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yacob Tedla
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Paris Davis
- Total Resource Community Development Organization, Chicago, IL
| | - Abel Kho
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Justin D. Smith
- Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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131
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Smith AP, Overton K, Rakotz M, Wozniak G, Sanchez E. Target: BP™: A National Initiative to Improve Blood Pressure Control. Hypertension 2023; 80:2523-2532. [PMID: 37855141 PMCID: PMC10651269 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
TARGET BP™ is a national initiative launched by the American Heart Association and the American Medical Association in 2017 in response to the high prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in the United States. TARGET BP™ provides support to health care organizations and health care teams, with no user fees, to improve the quality of care for adults with hypertension by providing education and resources and recognizing organizations committed to prioritizing and reporting their rate of BP control. Through Target: BP™, the American Heart Association and the American Medical Association also collaborate to align policy with evidence through federal, state, and institutional policy advocacy and raise public awareness through media campaigns. In 2022, Target: BP™ recognized 1309 health care organizations serving 8.4 million patients with hypertension for prioritizing BP control, 675 of which affirmed performance of evidence-based BP measurement activities and 551 of which reported BP control rates ≥70%. With the proportion of US adults with controlled BP falling to 48.2% from 2017 to 2020, Target: BP™ remains focused on regaining lost ground in national BP control rates by emphasizing accurate BP measurement, rapid treatment intensification, healthful lifestyle changes, and evidence-based use of self-measured BP monitoring. TARGET BP™ also emphasizes adoption of team-based care models and prioritizing equitable health outcomes. More than 1.37 million unique users have visited https://targetbp.org/ and downloaded 98 341 Target: BP™ resources from 2017 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison P. Smith
- Target: BP™ (A.P.S.), American Heart Association, Dallas, TX
- American Medical Association, Chicago, IL (A.P.S)
| | - Katherine Overton
- Outpatient Program Development (K.O.), American Heart Association, Dallas, TX
| | - Michael Rakotz
- Michael Rakotz, Improving Health Outcomes (M.R.), Chicago, IL
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132
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Petito LC, Anthony L, Peprah Y, Lee JY, Li J, Sato H, Persell SD. Blood pressure outcomes at 12 months in primary care patients prescribed remote physiological monitoring for hypertension: a prospective cohort study. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:1091-1097. [PMID: 37479812 PMCID: PMC10739223 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Remote patient monitoring (RPM) for hypertension enables automatic transmission of blood pressure (BP) and pulse into the electronic health record (EHR), but its effectiveness in primary care is unknown. This pragmatic matched cohort study using EHR data compared BP outcomes between individuals prescribed RPM and temporally-matched controls from six primary care practices. We retrospectively created a cohort of 288 Medicare-enrolled patients prescribed BP RPM (cases) and 1152 propensity score-matched controls (1:4). Matching was based on age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), marital status, and other characteristics. Outcomes at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were: controlling high BP (most recent BP < 140/90 mm Hg), antihypertensive medication intensification, and most recent SBP assessed using: all measurements, and office measurements only. At baseline, RPM-prescribed patients and controls had similar ages and systolic BP. BP control diverged at 3 months (RPM: 72.2%, control: 51%, p < 0.001). This difference persisted but decreased over follow-up. After 12 months, the RPM-prescribed cohort had greater BP control (RPM: 71.5%, control: 58.1%, p < 0.001) and lower SBP (132.3 versus 136.5 mm Hg, p = 0.003) using all measurements, but they did not differ using only office measurements (12 month BP control: 60.8% versus 58.1%, p = 0.44; SBP: 135.9 versus 136.5 mm Hg, p = 0.91). At 12 months, the most recent BP measurements were more current for RPM-prescribed patients (median [IQR] 8 [0-109] versus 134 [56-239] days). Net increases in antihypertensive medications by 12 months were similar. Implementation of RPM in primary care could inform hypertension management strategies and increase hypertension control. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05562921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia C Petito
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Anthony
- Northwestern Medical Group Quality and Patient Safety, Northwestern Memorial Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yaw Peprah
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jim Li
- Strategic Clinical RD Department, Technology Development HQ, Omron Healthcare, Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Product Innovation Department, Technology Development HQ, Omron Healthcare, Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Stephen D Persell
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Center for Primary Care Innovation, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Martinez JD, Thomas IC, Montez-Rath ME, Pao AC, Fung E, Charu V, Sim JJ, An J, Odden MC, Tamura MK. Treatment and Control of Hypertension Among Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease, 2011 to 2019. Hypertension 2023; 80:2533-2543. [PMID: 37706307 PMCID: PMC10873114 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension frequently accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD) as etiology and sequela. We examined contemporary trends in hypertension treatment and control in a national sample of adults with CKD. METHODS We evaluated 5% cross-sectional samples of adults with CKD between 2011 and 2019 in the Veterans Health Administration. We defined CKD as a sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate value <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. The main outcomes were blood pressure (BP) control, defined as a systolic BP <140 mm Hg and a diastolic BP <90 mm Hg based on the mean of monthly BP measurements, and prescriptions for antihypertensive medications. RESULTS The annual samples ranged between n=22 110 and n=33 039 individuals, with a mean age of 72 years, 96% of whom were men. Between 2011 and 2014, the age-adjusted proportion of adults with controlled BP declined from 78.0% to 72.2% (P value for linear trend, <0.001), reached a nadir of 71.0% in 2015, and then increased to 72.9% by 2019 (P value for linear trend, <0.001). Among adults with BP above goal, the age-adjusted proportion who did not receive antihypertensive treatment increased throughout the decade from 18.8% to 21.6%, and the age-adjusted proportion who received ≥3 antihypertensive medications decreased from 41.8% to 36.3%. Prescriptions for first-line antihypertensive agents also decreased. CONCLUSIONS Among adults with CKD treated in the Veterans Health Administration, the proportion with controlled BP declined between 2011 and 2015 followed by a modest increase, coinciding with fewer prescriptions for antihypertensive medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Martinez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - I-Chun Thomas
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Maria E. Montez-Rath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Alan C. Pao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Enrica Fung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine and Loma Linda VA Health Care System, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Vivek Charu
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - John J. Sim
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jaejin An
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA
- Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Michelle C. Odden
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Manjula Kurella Tamura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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134
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Ismail R, Ismail NH, Md Isa Z, Mohd Tamil A, Ja'afar MH, Mat Nasir N, Abdul-Razak S, Zainol Abidin N, Ab Razak NH, Joseph P, Yusof KH. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Prehypertension and Hypertension Among Adults: Baseline Findings of PURE Malaysia Cohort Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE OPEN 2023; 10:100049. [PMID: 39035240 PMCID: PMC11256272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Although prehypertension and hypertension can be detected at the primary healthcare level and low-cost treatments can effectively control its complications, hypertension is still the world's leading preventable risk factor. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine its prevalence and its risk factors among Malaysian adults. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 7585 adults was performed covering the rural and urban areas. Respondents with systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80-89 mmHg were categorized as prehypertensive, and hypertensive categorization was used for respondents with an SBP of ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP of ≥90 mmHg. Results Respondents reported to have prehypertension and hypertension were 40.7% and 38.0%, respectively. Those residing in a rural area, older age, male, family history of hypertension, and overweight or obese were associated with higher odds of prehypertension and hypertension. Unique to hypertension, the factors included low educational level (AOR: 1.349; 95% CI: 1.146, 1.588), unemployment (1.350; 1.16, 1.572), comorbidity of diabetes (1.474; 1.178, 1.844), and inadequate fruit consumption (1.253; 1.094, 1.436). Conclusions As the prehypertensive state may affect the prevalence of hypertension, proactive strategies are needed to increase early detection of the disease among specific group of those residing in a rural area, older age, male, family history of hypertension, and overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosnah Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hassim Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaleha Md Isa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Mohd Tamil
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hasni Ja'afar
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nafiza Mat Nasir
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selayang Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Abdul-Razak
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selayang Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
- Cardio Vascular and Lungs Research Institute (CaVaLRI), Pusat Perubatan UiTM, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Zainol Abidin
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hafiza Ab Razak
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Philip Joseph
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Khairul Hazdi Yusof
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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135
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Liu M, Aggarwal R, Zheng Z, Yeh RW, Kazi DS, Joynt Maddox KE, Wadhera RK. Cardiovascular Health of Middle-Aged U.S. Adults by Income Level, 1999 to March 2020 : A Serial Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:1595-1605. [PMID: 37983825 DOI: 10.7326/m23-2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cardiovascular mortality has increased among middle-aged U.S. adults since 2011, how the burden of cardiovascular risk factors has changed for this population by income level over the past 2 decades is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of cardiovascular risk factors among low-income and higher-income middle-aged adults and how social determinants contribute to recent associations between income and cardiovascular health. DESIGN Serial cross-sectional study. SETTING NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), 1999 to March 2020. PARTICIPANTS Middle-aged adults (aged 40 to 64 years). MEASUREMENTS Age-standardized prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and cigarette use; treatment rates for hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia; and rates of blood pressure, glycemic, and cholesterol control. RESULTS The study population included 20 761 middle-aged adults. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and cigarette use was consistently higher among low-income adults between 1999 and March 2020. Low-income adults had an increase in hypertension over the study period (37.2% [95% CI, 33.5% to 40.9%] to 44.7% [CI, 39.8% to 49.5%]) but no changes in diabetes or obesity. In contrast, higher-income adults did not have a change in hypertension but had increases in diabetes (7.8% [CI, 5.0% to 10.6%] to 14.9% [CI, 12.4% to 17.3%]) and obesity (33.0% [CI, 26.7% to 39.4%] to 44.0% [CI, 40.2% to 47.7%]). Cigarette use was high and stagnant among low-income adults (33.2% [CI, 28.4% to 38.0%] to 33.9% [CI, 29.6% to 38.3%]) but decreased among their higher-income counterparts (18.6% [CI, 13.5% to 23.7%] to 11.5% [CI, 8.7% to 14.3%]). Treatment and control rates for hypertension were unchanged in both groups (>80%), whereas diabetes treatment rates improved only among the higher-income group (58.4% [CI, 44.4% to 72.5%] to 77.4% [CI, 67.6% to 87.1%]). Income-based disparities in hypertension, diabetes, and cigarette use persisted in more recent years even after adjustment for insurance coverage, health care access, and food insecurity. LIMITATION Sample size limitations could preclude detection of small changes in treatment and control rates. CONCLUSION Over 2 decades in the United States, hypertension increased in low-income middle-aged adults, whereas diabetes and obesity increased in their higher-income counterparts. Income-based disparities in hypertension, diabetes, and smoking persisted even after adjustment for other social determinants of health. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liu
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.L., R.W.Y., D.S.K., R.K.W.)
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.A.)
| | - Zhaonian Zheng
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Z.Z.)
| | - Robert W Yeh
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.L., R.W.Y., D.S.K., R.K.W.)
| | - Dhruv S Kazi
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.L., R.W.Y., D.S.K., R.K.W.)
| | - Karen E Joynt Maddox
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.J.M.)
| | - Rishi K Wadhera
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.L., R.W.Y., D.S.K., R.K.W.)
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Ezeh E, Ilonze O, Perdoncin M, Ramalingam A, Kaur G, Mustafa B, Teka S, Ferdinand KC. Life's essential eight as targets for cardiometabolic risk reduction among non-Hispanic black adults: A primary care approach. J Natl Med Assoc 2023:S0027-9684(23)00143-8. [PMID: 38142141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in the United States. Several studies have shown racial disparities in the cardiovascular outcomes. When compared to their Non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts, non-Hispanic Black (NHB) individuals have higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and thus, increased mortality from atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. This is evidenced by lower scoring in the indices of the American Heart Association's Life Essential 8 among NHB individuals. NHB individuals score lower in blood pressure, blood lipids, nicotine exposure, sleep, physical activity level, glycemic control, weight, and diet when compared to NHW individuals. Measures to improve these indices at the primary care level may potentially hold the key in mitigating the health care disparities in cardiovascular health experienced by NHB individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubechukwu Ezeh
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States.
| | - Onyedika Ilonze
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Maddie Perdoncin
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Archana Ramalingam
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bisher Mustafa
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Samson Teka
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Keith C Ferdinand
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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137
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Beh HC, Wong PF, Chew BN, Chia YC. Manpower cost for a hypertension health campaign: A cross-sectional study. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2023; 18:66. [PMID: 38111833 PMCID: PMC10726959 DOI: 10.51866/oa.3l4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The overall prevalence of hypertension is high, and many people are unaware of their condition. Screening campaigns can effectively identify this group of patients. The study aimed to determine the cost of manpower for a health campaign for detecting undiagnosed hypertension and the prevalence of hypertension. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at two health centres. Sociodemographic characteristics, hypertension and treatment statuses were recorded. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by either doctors or nurses using automated BP machines. The cost of manpower was calculated as the average salaries of manpower during the 3-day health campaign divided by the total number of days. The final sum was the cost of detecting undiagnosed hypertension. Results A total of 2009 participants median age = 50 (IQR = 18-91) were included in the study. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 41.4% (n=832). Among the patients with hypertension, 49.2% (n=409) were unaware of their hypertension status. Conversely, 21.1% (n=423) were known to have hypertension, among whom 97.4% (n=412) were on medications. Among those who were on medications, 49% (n=202) had good BP control. The average total cost of manpower during the 3-day health campaign was RM 5019.80 (USD 1059). The cost of detecting an individual with elevated BP was RM 12.27 (USD 2.59). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension and unawareness is high. However, the average cost of manpower to detect an individual with elevated BP is low. Therefore, regular public health campaigns aiming to detect undiagnosed hypertension are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi Chin Beh
- MBBS, MMed (Family Medicine), Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping Foo Wong
- MBBS, Dr Fam Med, MAFP, FRACGP, Cheras Baru Health Clinic, Jalan 16, Kampung Cheras Baru, Off Jalan Kuari, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bee Nah Chew
- MBBS, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Universiti Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- MBBS FRCP FAFPM, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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138
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Tan L, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang G, Liu Z, Shi R. Association between insulin resistance and uncontrolled hypertension and arterial stiffness among US adults: a population-based study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:311. [PMID: 37946205 PMCID: PMC10637002 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has established the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) and hypertension. While the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a reliable surrogate marker of IR, and uncontrolled hypertension as well as arterial stiffness among individuals with hypertension remains undisclosed. METHODS In this study, a total of 8513 adults diagnosed with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 were included. The primary outcome of the study are arterial stiffness (represented with estimated pulse wave velocity, ePWV) and uncontrolled hypertension. Logistic regression model, subgroup analysis, restricted cubic spine, and smooth curve fitting curve were conducted to evaluate the association between the IR indicators and uncontrolled hypertension and arterial stiffness in individuals with hypertension. RESULTS Among included participants, the overall prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 54.3%. After adjusting for all potential covariates, compared with the first quartile of TyG index, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased about 28% and 49% for participants in the third quartile (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 1.06-1.52) and the fourth quartile (OR, 1.49; 95% CI 1.21-1.89) of TyG index, respectively. The higher OR of TyG index was observed in participants taking antihypertensive medication [fourth quartile versus first quartile (OR, 2.03; 95% CI 1.37-3.11)]. Meanwhile, we explored the potential association between TyG index and arterial stiffness and found that TyG index was significantly associated with increased arterial stiffness (β for ePWV, 0.04; 95% CI 0.00-0.08; P = 0.039). However, traditional IR indicator HOMA-IR showed no significant positive correlation to uncontrolled hypertension as well as arterial stiffness in US adults with hypertension. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of the TyG index were positive associated with prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and arterial stiffness among US adults with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoya Liu
- Department of the Geriatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.
| | - Ruizheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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139
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Bryan AS, Moran AE, Mobley CM, Derington CG, Rodgers A, Zhang Y, Fontil V, Shea S, Bellows BK. Cost-effectiveness analysis of initial treatment with single-pill combination antihypertensive medications. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:985-992. [PMID: 36792728 PMCID: PMC10425570 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension guidelines recommend initiating treatment with single pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive medications, but SPCs are used by only one-third of treated hypertensive US adults. This analysis estimated the cost-effectiveness of initial treatment with SPC dual antihypertensive medications compared with usual care monotherapy in hypertensive US adults.The validated BP Control Model-Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Policy Model simulated initial SPC dual therapy (two half-standard doses in a single pill) compared with initial usual care monotherapy (half-standard dose when baseline systolic BP < 20 mmHg above goal and one standard dose when ≥20 mmHg above goal). Secondary analyses examined equivalent dose monotherapy (one standard dose) and equivalent dose dual therapy as separate pills (two half-standard doses). The primary outcomes were direct healthcare costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) over 10 years from a US healthcare sector perspective.At 10 years, initial dual drug SPC was projected to yield 0.028 (95%UI 0.008 to 0.051) more QALYs at no greater cost ($73, 95%UI -$1 983 to $1 629) than usual care monotherapy. In secondary analysis, SPC dual therapy was cost-effective vs. equivalent dose monotherapy (ICER $8 000/QALY gained) and equivalent dose dual therapy as separate pills (ICER $57 000/QALY gained). At average drug prices, initiating antihypertensive treatment with SPC dual therapy is more effective at no greater cost than usual care initial monotherapy and has the potential to improve BP control rates and reduce the burden of CVD in the US.
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140
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Gnanenthiran SR, Tan I, Atkins ER, Avolio A, Bennett B, Chapman N, Chow CK, Freed R, Gnjidic D, Hespe C, Kaur B, Liu HM, Patel A, Peiris D, Reid CM, Schlaich M, Sharman JE, Stergiou GS, Usherwood T, Gianacas C, Rodgers A, Schutte AE. Transforming blood pressure control in primary care through a novel remote decision support strategy based on wearable blood pressure monitoring: The NEXTGEN-BP randomized trial protocol. Am Heart J 2023; 265:50-58. [PMID: 37479162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high blood pressure being the leading preventable risk factor for death, only 1 in 3 patients achieve target blood pressure control. Key contributors to this problem are clinical inertia and uncertainties in relying on clinic blood pressure measurements to make treatment decisions. METHODS The NEXTGEN-BP open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial will investigate the efficacy, safety, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of a wearable blood pressure monitor-based care strategy for the treatment of hypertension, compared to usual care, in lowering clinic blood pressure over 12 months. NEXTGEN-BP will enroll 600 adults with high blood pressure, treated with 0 to 2 antihypertensive medications. Participants attending primary care practices in Australia will be randomized 1:1 to the intervention of a wearable-based remote care strategy or to usual care. Participants in the intervention arm will undergo continuous blood pressure monitoring using a wrist-wearable cuffless device (Aktiia, Switzerland) and participate in 2 telehealth consultations with their primary care practitioner (general practitioner [GP]) at months 1 and 2. Antihypertensive medication will be up-titrated by the primary care practitioner at the time of telehealth consults should the percentage of daytime blood pressure at target over the past week be <90%, if clinically tolerated. Participants in the usual care arm will have primary care consultations according to usual practice. The primary outcome is the difference between intervention and control in change in clinic systolic blood pressure from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes will be assessed at month 3 and month 12, and include acceptability to patients and practitioners, cost-effectiveness, safety, medication adherence and patient engagement. CONCLUSIONS NEXTGEN-BP will provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of a new paradigm of wearable cuffless monitoring in the management of high blood pressure in primary care. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12622001583730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali R Gnanenthiran
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cardiology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabella Tan
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily R Atkins
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Alberto Avolio
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda Bennett
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Niamh Chapman
- University of Tasmania, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruth Freed
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danijela Gnjidic
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charlotte Hespe
- The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Baldeep Kaur
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Huei Ming Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anushka Patel
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Peiris
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Markus Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - James E Sharman
- University of Tasmania, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, Australia
| | - George S Stergiou
- Third Department of Medicine, Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, School of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tim Usherwood
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Gianacas
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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141
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Wu Y, Xirasagar S, Nan Z, Heidari K, Sen S. Racial Disparities in Utilization of Emergency Medical Services and Related Impact on Poststroke Disability. Med Care 2023; 61:796-804. [PMID: 37708361 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prompt seeking of emergency medical services (EMS) assistance at stroke onset is critical to minimize poststroke disability. OBJECTIVE The aim was to study how racial differences in EMS decision-relevant factors and EMS use impact stroke care and disability outcomes. DESIGN A prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1168 acute ischemic stroke patients discharged from April 2016 to October 2017 at a safety net hospital were included; 108 patients were surveyed before discharge. MEASURES (1) Prehospital delay: EMS use, timely hospital arrival; (2) Stroke care: alteplase receipt and inpatient rehab; (3) Outcomes: Functional improvement at discharge (admission minus discharge scores on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), 90-day modified Rankin Scale; (4) EMS decision-relevant factors: Stroke symptom knowledge, source of knowledge, unfavorable past EMS/care experiences, and financial barriers to EMS use. RESULTS Despite more Black patients using EMS than Whites/Asians (56% vs. 48%, P =0.003), their timely hospital arrival was 30% less likely. Adjusted for stroke severity, receipt of alteplase, and inpatient rehab were similar, but Black patients fared worse on functional improvement at discharge (among severe strokes, 2.4 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale points less improvement, P <0.01), and on functional normalcy at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale score 0-1 being 60% less likely across severity categories) ( P <0.01). Fewer Black patients knew any stroke symptoms before the stroke (72% vs. 87%, P =0.03), and fewer learned about stroke from providers ( P =0.01). Financial barriers and provider mistrust were similar. CONCLUSIONS Black patients had less knowledge of stroke symptoms, more care-seeking delay, and poorer outcomes. Including stroke education as a standard of chronic disease care may mitigate stroke outcome disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Sudha Xirasagar
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health
| | - Zixiao Nan
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health
| | - Khosrow Heidari
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health
| | - Souvik Sen
- School of Medicine and Prisma Health Stroke Unit, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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142
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Peacock E, Muntner P, Craig LS, Silver J, Mills KT, Chen J, Shi L, Whelton PK, He J, Krousel-Wood M. Defining Meaningful Change in Antihypertensive Medication Adherence in Adults with Established Hypertension: Implications for Clinical Practice. Med Clin North Am 2023; 107:e39-e52. [PMID: 38609280 PMCID: PMC11233029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled hypertension and low antihypertensive medication adherence remain significant clinical challenges. There is a critical need to detect meaningful change in adherence in clinical settings. The authors determined that a ≥2-point change in the 4-item Krousel-Wood Medication Adherence Scale score represents meaningful change in antihypertensive medication adherence. Among a sample of participants in an ongoing clinical trial, 5.9% experienced a decline in adherence, which was associated with higher blood pressure (BP) and a higher prevalence of uncontrolled BP at 6 months. Meaningful change in medication adherence behavior may be key in managing hypertension to improve BP control and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Center for Health Outcomes, Implementation, and Community-Engaged Science, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Leslie S. Craig
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Julia Silver
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Katherine T. Mills
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Lizheng Shi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Paul K. Whelton
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Marie Krousel-Wood
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Center for Health Outcomes, Implementation, and Community-Engaged Science, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112
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143
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Dixon DL, Johnston K, Patterson J, Marra CA, Tsuyuki RT. Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacist Prescribing for Managing Hypertension in the United States. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2341408. [PMID: 37921763 PMCID: PMC10625044 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Pharmacist-led interventions can significantly improve blood pressure (BP) control. The long-term cost-effectiveness of pharmacist-prescribing interventions implemented on a large scale in the US remains unclear. Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness of implementing a pharmacist-prescribing intervention to improve BP control in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This economic evaluation included a 5-state Markov model based on the pharmacist-prescribing intervention used in The Alberta Clinical Trial in Optimizing Hypertension (or RxACTION) (2009 to 2013). In the trial, control group patients received an active intervention, including a BP wallet card, education, and usual care. Data were analyzed from January to June 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Cardiovascular (CV) events, end-stage kidney disease events, life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). CV risk was calculated using Framingham risk equations. Costs were based on the reimbursement rate for level 1 encounters, medication costs from published literature, and event costs from national surveys and pricing data sets. Quality of life was determined using a published catalog of EQ-5D utility values. One-way sensitivity analyses were used to assess alternative reimbursement values, a reduced time horizon of 5 years, alternative assumptions for BP reduction, and the assumption of no benefit to the intervention after 10 years. The model was expanded to the US population to estimate population-level cost and health impacts. Results Assumed demographics were mean (SD) age, 64 (12.5) years, 121 (49%) male, and a mean (SD) baseline BP of 150/84 (13.9/11.5) mm Hg. Over a 30-year time horizon, the pharmacist-prescribing intervention yielded 2100 fewer cases of CV disease and 8 fewer cases of kidney disease per 10 000 patients. The intervention was also associated with 0.34 (2.5th-97.5th percentiles, 0.23-0.45) additional life years and 0.62 (2.5th-97.5th percentiles, 0.53-0.73) additional QALYs. The cost savings were $10 162 (2.5th-97.5th percentiles, $6636-$13 581) per person due to fewer CV events with the pharmacist-prescribing intervention, even after the cost of the visits and medication adjustments. The intervention continued to produce benefits in more conservative analyses despite increased costs as the ICER ranged from $2093 to $24 076. At the population level, a 50% intervention uptake was associated with a $1.137 trillion in cost savings and would save an estimated 30.2 million life years over 30 years. Conclusion and Relevance These findings suggest that a pharmacist-prescribing intervention to improve BP control may provide high economic value. The necessary tools and resources are readily available to implement pharmacist-prescribing interventions across the US; however, reimbursement limitations remain a barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave L. Dixon
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Center for Pharmacy Practice Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond
| | - Karissa Johnston
- Broadstreet Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Patterson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Center for Pharmacy Practice Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond
| | - Carlo A. Marra
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ross T. Tsuyuki
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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144
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Matthews RE, Romer D. CDC's Adapting Clinical Guidelines for the Digital Age Lacks Real-World Context. Am J Med Qual 2023; 38:317-319. [PMID: 37908035 DOI: 10.1097/jmq.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Romer
- MediSync, Cincinnati, OH
- PriMED Physicians, Dayton, OH
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145
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Lou Y, Sun N, Zhang M, Qiu Y, Wang J, Chen J. Trends in exercise for hypertension: a bibliometric analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1260569. [PMID: 37937288 PMCID: PMC10627159 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1260569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate development trends and research hotspots of exercise for hypertension research and provide researchers with fresh perspectives for further studies. Materials and methods Articles and reviews regarding exercise and hypertension spanning May 1st 2003 to May 18th 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. VOSviewer and Citespace were mainly used to perform and visualize co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis of countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords in this field. Results A total of 1,643 peer-reviewed papers were identified, displaying a consistent increasing trend over time. The most prolific country and institution were Brazil and University of Sao Paulo, respectively. And we identified the most productive author was lrigoyen, Maria Claudia C, while Pescatello Linda S was the most co-cited author. Journal of hypertension was the most prominent journal, and Hypertension was the journal which was the most co-cited. And this field can be divided into 3 research themes: exercise interventions for hypertension, age-specific relevance of exercise for hypertension, and the global burden of hypertension and the role of exercise. According to the result of keywords analysis, epidemiological information, types of exercise, target population, mechanism, and study design are significant research areas. "Resistance training", "adults", and "heart rate variability" were identified as the major future research foci. Conclusions The findings offer a scientific insight into exercise for hypertension research, presenting researchers with valuable information to understand the current research status, hotspots, and emerging trends for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Zhoushan Tourism and Health College, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yongzhen Qiu
- Department of Nursing, Lishui Central Hospital and Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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146
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Liuzzo G, Volpe M. Silencing liver angiotensinogen synthesis as a novel approach to hypertension management: promises and challenges. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4217-4219. [PMID: 37680108 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Liuzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Lazio, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, Italy
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147
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Daya NR, McEvoy JW, Christenson RH, Tang O, Foti K, Juraschek SP, Selvin E, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Prevalence of Elevated NT-proBNP and its Prognostic Value by Blood Pressure Treatment and Control. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:602-611. [PMID: 37458697 PMCID: PMC10570660 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic utility of NT-proBNP in the setting of hypertension has not been well-characterized in the general US adult population. METHODS We measured NT-proBNP in stored blood samples collected from participants 1 year or older who participated in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In adults 20 years or older without a history of cardiovascular disease, we assessed the prevalence of elevated NT-pro-BNP by blood pressure (BP) treatment and control categories. We examined the extent to which NT-proBNP identifies participants at higher risk for mortality across BP treatment and control categories. RESULTS Among US adults without CVD, the prevalence of elevated NT-proBNP (≥125 pg/ml) was 27.2% among those with untreated hypertension, 24.9% among those with treated controlled hypertension, and 43.3% among those with treated uncontrolled hypertension. Over a median follow-up of 17.3 years and after adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors, US adults with treated controlled hypertension and elevated NT-proBNP had increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.79, 2.95) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.83, 95% CI 2.34, 6.29), compared to adults without hypertension and with low levels of NT-proBNP (<125 pg/ml). Across all levels of SBP and irrespective of antihypertensive medication use, elevated NT-proBNP was associated with an increased risk of mortality, compared to low levels of NT-proBNP. CONCLUSIONS Among a general population of adults free of CVD, NT-proBNP can provide additional prognostic information within and across categories of BP. Measurement of NT-proBNP may have potential for clinical use to optimize hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Daya
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John W McEvoy
- Division of Cardiology and National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert H Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olive Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn Foti
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen P Juraschek
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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148
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Boston D, Larson AE, Sheppler CR, O'Connor PJ, Sperl-Hillen JM, Hauschildt J, Gold R. Does Clinical Decision Support Increase Appropriate Medication Prescribing for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction? J Am Board Fam Med 2023; 36:777-788. [PMID: 37704387 PMCID: PMC10680997 DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220391r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of a clinical decision support (CDS) system's recommendations on prescribing patterns targeting cardiovascular disease (CVD) when the recommendations are prioritized in order from greatest to least benefit toward overall CVD risk reduction. METHODS Secondary analysis of trial data from September 20, 2018, to March 15, 2020, where 70 community health center clinics were cluster-randomized to the CDS intervention (42 clinics; 8 organizations) or control group (28 clinics; 7 organizations). Included patients were medication-naïve and aged 40 to 75 years with ≥1 uncontrolled cardiovascular disease risk factor, with known diabetes or cardiovascular disease, or ≥10% 10-year reversible CVD risk. RESULTS Among eligible encounters with 29,771 patients, the probability of prescribing a medication targeting hypertension was greater at intervention clinic encounters when CDS was used (34.9% [95% CI, 31.5 to 38.3]) versus dismissed (29.6% [95% CI, 26.7 to 32.6]; P < .001), but not when compared with control clinic encounters (34.9% [95% CI, 31.1 to 38.7]; P = .998). Prescribing for dyslipidemia was significantly higher at intervention encounters where the CDS system was used (11.3% [95% CI, 9.3 to 13.3]) compared with dismissed (7.7% [95% CI, 6.1 to 9.3]; P = .003) and to control encounters (8.7% [95% CI, 7.0 to 10.4]; P = .044); smoking cessation medication showed a similar pattern. Except for dyslipidemia, prescribing rates increased according to their prioritization. CONCLUSIONS Use of this CDS system was associated with significantly higher prescribing targeting most cardiovascular risk factors. These results highlight how displaying prioritized actions to reduce reversible CVD risk could improve risk management. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03001713, https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Boston
- From the OCHIN Inc., PO Box 5426, Portland, OR (DB, AEL, JH, RG); Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR (CRS); HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd Ave So 23301a, Minneapolis, MN (PJOC, JMSH).
| | - Annie E Larson
- From the OCHIN Inc., PO Box 5426, Portland, OR (DB, AEL, JH, RG); Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR (CRS); HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd Ave So 23301a, Minneapolis, MN (PJOC, JMSH)
| | - Christina R Sheppler
- From the OCHIN Inc., PO Box 5426, Portland, OR (DB, AEL, JH, RG); Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR (CRS); HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd Ave So 23301a, Minneapolis, MN (PJOC, JMSH)
| | - Patrick J O'Connor
- From the OCHIN Inc., PO Box 5426, Portland, OR (DB, AEL, JH, RG); Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR (CRS); HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd Ave So 23301a, Minneapolis, MN (PJOC, JMSH)
| | - JoAnn M Sperl-Hillen
- From the OCHIN Inc., PO Box 5426, Portland, OR (DB, AEL, JH, RG); Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR (CRS); HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd Ave So 23301a, Minneapolis, MN (PJOC, JMSH)
| | - Jennifer Hauschildt
- From the OCHIN Inc., PO Box 5426, Portland, OR (DB, AEL, JH, RG); Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR (CRS); HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd Ave So 23301a, Minneapolis, MN (PJOC, JMSH)
| | - Rachel Gold
- From the OCHIN Inc., PO Box 5426, Portland, OR (DB, AEL, JH, RG); Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR (CRS); HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd Ave So 23301a, Minneapolis, MN (PJOC, JMSH)
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149
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Otite FO, Patel SD, Anikpezie N, Hoffman H, Beutler T, Akano EO, Aneni E, Lamikanra O, Osondu C, Wee C, Burke D, Albright KC, Latorre JG, Mejico L, Khandelwal P, Chaturvedi S. Demographic Disparities in the Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcome of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in the United States. Neurology 2023; 101:e1554-e1559. [PMID: 37487751 PMCID: PMC10585693 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate age-specific, sex-specific, and race-specific incidence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in the United States. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the State Inpatient Database of Florida (2016-2019), Maryland (2016-2019), and New York (2016-2018). All new cases of PRES in adults (18 years or older) were combined with Census data to compute incidence. We evaluated the generalizability of incident estimates to the entire country using the 2016-2019 National Readmissions Database (NRD). RESULTS Across the study period, there were 3,716 incident hospitalizations for PRES in the selected states. The age-standardized and sex-standardized incidence of PRES was 2.7 (95% CI 2.5-2.8) cases/100,000/y. Incidence in female patients was >2 times that of male patients (3.7 vs 1.6 cases/100,000/y, p < 0.001). Incidence increased with age in both sexes (p-trend <0.001). Similar demographic distribution of first hospitalization for PRES was also noted in the entire country using the NRD. Age-standardized and sex-standardized PRES incidence in Black patients (4.2/100,000/y) was significantly greater than in Non-Hispanic White (2.7/100,000/y) and Hispanic patients (1.2/100,000/y) (p < 0.001 for pairwise comparisons). DISCUSSION The incidence of PRES in the United States is approximately 3/100,000/y, but incidence in female patients is >2 times that of male patients. PRES incidence is higher in Black compared with non-Hispanic White and Hispanic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadar Oliver Otite
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore.
| | - Smit D Patel
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Nnabuchi Anikpezie
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Haydn Hoffman
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Timothy Beutler
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Emmanuel Oladele Akano
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Ehimen Aneni
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Oluwatomi Lamikanra
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Chukwuemeka Osondu
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Claribel Wee
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Devin Burke
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Karen C Albright
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Julius G Latorre
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Luis Mejico
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Priyank Khandelwal
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Seemant Chaturvedi
- From the Department of Neurology (F.O.O., C.W., D.B., K.C.A., J.G.L., L.M.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Department of Neurosurgery (S.D.P.), University of Connecticut, Hartford; Department of Population Health (N.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., T.B.), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY; Molecular Neuropharmacological Unit (E.O.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Critical Care (O.L.), Springfield Clinic, IL; Baptist Health South Florida (C.O.), Miami; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.K.), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ; and Department of Neurology (S.C.), University of Maryland, Baltimore
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150
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Yuan S, Song C, He J, Zhang R, Bian X, Song W, Dou K. Trends in cardiovascular risk factors control among US adults by glycemic statuses, 2007-2018. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1513-1523. [PMID: 36929777 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Understanding the national trends in cardiovascular risk factors control of individuals with prediabetes and diabetes is critical for diabetes prevention and management. Our study aims to estimate how cardiovascular risk factors changed in US adults with different glycemic statuses between 2007-2008 and 2017-2018. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a serial cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (between 2007-2008 and 2017-2018 cycle). Non-pregnant American participants aged 20 years or older were included. Cardiovascular risk factors including weight, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and smoking by glycemic statuses were estimated. A total of 33 040 American adults were included. From 2007-2008 to 2017-2018, the age-adjusted proportions of individuals who reached weight control (body mass index <30 kg/m2) of both normoglycemia group and prediabetes group had a significant decrease over the study period, while the trend in participants with diabetes was not significant (mean difference: -5.34%, 95% confidence interval: -15.28%, 4.59%; P for trend = 0.298). The age-adjusted means of total cholesterol of all three groups decreased during the study decade (P for trend < 0.010), with participants with diabetes maintaining the lowest level. Individuals with high total cholesterol were more likely to receive statin therapy in the diabetes group. Notably, prediabetes participants had the highest level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and were less likely to achieve lipid control with statin therapy. Sensitivity analysis with the second definition of prediabetes and diabetes resulted in a consistent trend. CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative cross-sectional study, we systematically estimated the cardiovascular risk factors control in American adults and found poor weight control in the normoglycemia and prediabetes group. Despite the significant decrease trend of plasma total cholesterol in all groups, the high cholesterol level in the prediabetes group deserves special concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yuan
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shilongxi Road, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Chenxi Song
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shilongxi Road, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Jining He
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shilongxi Road, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shilongxi Road, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Xiaohui Bian
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shilongxi Road, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Weihua Song
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shilongxi Road, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Kefei Dou
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shilongxi Road, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Shilongxi Road, Mentougou District, Beijing 102308, China
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