101
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Paisley NR, Halldorson SV, Tran MV, Gupta R, Kamal S, Algar WR, Hudson ZM. Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Boron‐Difluoride‐Curcuminoid‐Based Polymers Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence as Biological Imaging Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Paisley
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Sarah V. Halldorson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Michael V. Tran
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - W. Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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102
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Wu X, Dai W, Chen D, Shi J, Tong B, Peng Q, Xie H, Cai Z, Dong Y, Zhang X. Rational design of pyrrole derivatives with aggregation-induced phosphorescence characteristics for time-resolved and two-photon luminescence imaging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4883. [PMID: 34385449 PMCID: PMC8361132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have been suggested to be promising bioimaging materials due to their good biocompatibility and long emission lifetime. Herein, we report a class of RTP materials. These materials are developed through the simple introduction of an aromatic carbonyl to a tetraphenylpyrrole molecule and also exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. These molecules show non-emission in solution and purely phosphorescent emission in the aggregated state, which are desirable properties for biological imaging. Highly crystalline nanoparticles can be easily fabricated with a long emission lifetime (20 μs), which eliminate background fluorescence interference from cells and tissues. The prepared nanoparticles demonstrate two-photon absorption characteristics and can be excited by near infrared (NIR) light, making them promising materials for deep-tissue optical imaging. This integrated aggregation-induced phosphorescence (AIP) strategy diversifies the existing pool of bioimaging agents to inspire the development of bioprobes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghui Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xie
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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103
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Zhang X, Wang C, Feng G, Jiang J, Hu J, du Rietz A, Brommesson C, Zhang X, Ma Y, Roberg K, Zhang F, Shen HM, Uvdal K, Hu Z. Tailorable Membrane-Penetrating Nanoplatform for Highly Efficient Organelle-Specific Localization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101440. [PMID: 34173333 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the breadth of currently arising opportunities and concerns associated with nanoparticles for biomedical imaging, various types of nanoparticles have been widely exploited, especially for cellular/subcellular level probing. However, most currently reported nanoparticles either have inefficient delivery into cells or lack specificity for intracellular destinations. The absence of well-defined nanoplatforms remains a critical challenge hindering practical nano-based bio-imaging. Herein, the authors elaborate on a tailorable membrane-penetrating nanoplatform as a carrier with encapsulated actives and decorated surfaces to tackle the above-mentioned issues. The tunable contents in such a versatile nanoplatform offer huge flexibility to reach the expected properties and functions. Aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) is applied to achieve sought-after photophysical properties, specific targeting moieties are installed to give high affinity towards different desired organelles, and critical grafting of cell-penetrating cyclic disulfides (CPCDs) to promote cellular uptake efficiency without sacrificing the specificity. Hereafter, to validate its practicability, the tailored nano products are successfully applied to track the dynamic correlation between mitochondria and lysosomes during autophagy. The authors believe that the strategy and described materials can facilitate the development of functional nanomaterials for various life science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE581 83, Sweden
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Cancer Centre and Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Cancer Centre and Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jianxia Jiang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE581 83, Sweden
| | - Jiwen Hu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE581 83, Sweden
| | - Anna du Rietz
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE581 83, Sweden
| | - Caroline Brommesson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE581 83, Sweden
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Karin Roberg
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, SE581 83, Sweden
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE581 83, Sweden
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Cancer Centre and Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Kajsa Uvdal
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE581 83, Sweden
| | - Zhangjun Hu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE581 83, Sweden
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104
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Wang X, Sun Y, Wang G, Li J, Li X, Zhang K. TADF-Type Organic Afterglow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17138-17147. [PMID: 34060200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a highly efficient dopant-matrix afterglow system enabled by TADF mechanism to realize afterglow quantum yields of 60-70 %, which features a moderate rate constant for reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC ) to simultaneously improve afterglow quantum yields and maintain afterglow emission lifetime. Difluoroboron β-diketonate (BF2 bdk) compounds are designed with multiple electron-donating groups to possess moderate kRISC values and are selected as luminescent dopants. The matrices with carbonyl functional groups such as phenyl benzoate (PhB) have been found to interact with and perturb BF2 bdk excited states by dipole-dipole interactions and thus enhance the intersystem crossing of BF2 bdk excited states. Through dopant-matrix collaboration, the efficient TADF-type afterglow materials have been achieved to exhibit excellent processability into desired shapes and large-area films by melt casting, as well as aqueous afterglow dispersions for potential bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jiuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Kaka Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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105
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Bhattacharjee I, Hayashi K, Hirata S. Key of Suppressed Triplet Nonradiative Transition-Dependent Chemical Backbone for Spatial Self-Tunable Afterglow. JACS AU 2021; 1:945-954. [PMID: 34467341 PMCID: PMC8395709 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient persistent (lifetime > 0.1 s) room-temperature phosphorescence (pRTP) chromophores are important for futuristic high-resolution afterglow imaging for state-of-the-art security, analytical, and bioimaging applications. Suppression of the radiationless transition from the lowest triplet excited state (T1) of the chromophores is a critical factor to access the high RTP yield and RTP lifetime for desirable pRTP. Logical explanations for factor suppression based on chemical structures have not been reported. Here we clarify a strategy to reduce the radiationless transition from T1 based on chemical backbones and yield a simultaneous high RTP yield and high RTP lifetime. Yellow phosphorescence chromophores that contain a coronene backbone were synthesized and compared with yellow phosphorescent naphthalene. One of the designed coronene derivatives reached a RTP yield of 35%, which is the best value for chromophores with a RTP lifetime of 2 s. The optically measured rate constant of a radiationless transition from T1 was correlated precisely with a multiplication of vibrational spin-orbit coupling (SOC) at a T1 geometry and with the Franck-Condon chromophore factor. The agreement between the experimental and theoretical results confirmed that the extended two-dimensional fused structure in the coronene backbone contributes to a decrease in vibrational SOC and Franck-Condon factor between T1 and the ground state to decrease the radiationless transition. A resolution-tunable afterglow that depends on excitation intensity for anticounterfeit technology was demonstrated, and the resultant chromophores with a high RTP yield and high RTP lifetime were ideal for largely changing the resolution using weak excitation light.
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106
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Paisley NR, Halldorson SV, Tran MV, Gupta R, Kamal S, Algar WR, Hudson ZM. Near-Infrared-Emitting Boron-Difluoride-Curcuminoid-Based Polymers Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence as Biological Imaging Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18630-18638. [PMID: 34133838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared-emitting polymers were prepared using four boron-difluoride-curcuminoid-based monomers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Well-defined polymers with molecular weights of ≈20 kDa and dispersities <1.07 were produced and exhibited near-infrared (NIR) emission in solution and in the solid state with photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL ) as high as 0.72 and 0.18, respectively. Time-resolved emission spectroscopy revealed thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in polymers containing highly planar dopants, whereas room-temperature phosphorescence dominated with twisted species. Density functional theory demonstrated that rotation about the donor-acceptor linker can give rise to TADF, even where none would be expected based on calculations using ground-state geometries. Incorporation of TADF-active materials into water-soluble polymer dots (Pdots) gave NIR-emissive nanoparticles, and conjugation of these Pdots with antibodies enabled immunofluorescent labeling of SK-BR3 human breast-cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Paisley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sarah V Halldorson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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107
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Sun X, Gong H, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Zhang H, Bai F, Wang J, Zhong K, Kong C. Investigating phosphorescence capability of halogen-substituted metal-free organic molecules: A theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119642. [PMID: 33794424 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The radiative and non-radiative decay processes of five compounds are investigated through a comprehensive computational approach, for the aim of investigating the effect of different halogen substituents to the phosphorescent emission. Their optimal configurations at the ground (S0) and lowest triplet excited (T1) states are obtained and the calculated phosphorescent emission spectra are comparable with the experimental values. For 1,4-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene (PDCz), the electronic transition is between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), while for the four halides, the electronic transitions are attributed to several molecular orbitals. According to calculations, 9,9'-(2,5-diiodo-1,4-phenylene)bis(9H-carbazole) (PDICz) possesses the largest radiative decay rate constant (kr) and non-radiative decay rate constant (knr), which can be attributed to the strong spin-orbital coupling from the heavy iodine atom. However, the phosphorescent quantum efficiency (Φ) of PDICz is lower than that of 9,9'-(2,5-dibromo-1,4-phenylene)bis(9H-carbazole) (PDBCz), implying that a comprehensive consideration is necessary. Furthermore, by analyzing the vibrational mode, we have confirmed that the reorganization energies are also influenced by the different halogen atoms. While the dominated factor that determines the kr and knr comes from the spin-orbital coupling. We expect that our research findings will be beneficial to the newly designed organic phosphorescent materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Huihui Gong
- College of Food Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Fuquan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Keli Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Bohai University, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Chuipeng Kong
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
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108
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109
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Gao H, Gao Z, Jiao D, Zhang J, Li X, Tang Q, Shi Y, Ding D. Boosting Room Temperature Phosphorescence Performance by Alkyl Modification for Intravital Orthotopic Lung Tumor Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005449. [PMID: 33599120 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pure organic persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted wide attention owing to their great potential in various applications, particularly in bioimaging. However, it is still a challenge to manufacture organic RTP materials possessing quite high efficiency and long lifetime, owing to the high requirements for triplet excitons. In this study, a series of keto derivatives with efficient RTP in crystals are developed through the regulation of molecular aggregation states by simple alkyl groups, resulting in impressive luminescence performance with a longer lifetime and higher efficiency of up to 868 ms and 51.59%, respectively. All the alkyl-substituted derivatives exhibit bright RTP intensities after heavy grinding with a pestle, indicating their robust RTP features, which are suitable for many fields. Encouraged by the excellent RTP performance of these luminogens in the crystalline state, successful orthotopic lung tumor imaging with a high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 65 is demonstrated in this study to provide the promise of pure organic RTP materials for disease diagnosis, which hold the advantages of low autofluorescence interference and high signal-to-background ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Di Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiyun Tang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
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110
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Thomas H, Fries F, Gmelch M, Bärschneider T, Kroll M, Vavaleskou T, Reineke S. Purely Organic Microparticles Showing Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13087-13093. [PMID: 34056458 PMCID: PMC8158833 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, organic phosphorescent particles are heavily used in sensing and imaging. Up to now, most of these particles contain poisonous and/or expensive metal complexes. Environmentally friendly systems are therefore highly desired. A purely amorphous system consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate) particles with incorporated N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzidine emitter molecules is presented in this work. Single particles with sizes between 400 and 840 nm show-depending on the environment-bright fluorescence and phosphorescence. The latter is observed when oxygen is not in the proximity of the emitting dye molecules. These particles can scavenge singlet oxygen, which is produced during the photoexcitation process, by incorporating it into the polymer matrix. This renders their use to be unharmful for the surrounding matter with possible application in marking schemes for living bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Thomas
- Technische
Universität Dresden, Dresden Integrated Center for Applied
Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Fries
- Technische
Universität Dresden, Dresden Integrated Center for Applied
Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Gmelch
- Technische
Universität Dresden, Dresden Integrated Center for Applied
Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Toni Bärschneider
- Technische
Universität Dresden, Dresden Integrated Center for Applied
Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kroll
- Technische
Universität Dresden, Dresden Integrated Center for Applied
Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thaleia Vavaleskou
- Johann
Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für
Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reineke
- Technische
Universität Dresden, Dresden Integrated Center for Applied
Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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111
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Ren J, Wang Y, Tian Y, Liu Z, Xiao X, Yang J, Fang M, Li Z. Force-Induced Turn-On Persistent Room-Temperature Phosphorescence in Purely Organic Luminogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12335-12340. [PMID: 33719198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Research of purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials has been a hot topic, especially for those with stimulus response character. Herein, an abnormal stimulus-responsive RTP effect is reported, in which, purely organic luminogen of Czs-ph-3F shows turn-on persistent phosphorescence under grinding. Careful analyses of experimental results, coupled with the theoretical calculations, show that the transition of molecular conformation from quasi-axial to quasi-equatorial of the phenothiazine group should be mainly responsible for this exciting result. Furthermore, the applications of stylus printing and thermal printing are both successfully realized, based on the unique RTP effect of Czs-ph-3F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ren
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiangheng Xiao
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Manman Fang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350207, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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112
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Sun B, Zhen X, Jiang X. Development of mesoporous silica-based nanoprobes for optical bioimaging applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3603-3620. [PMID: 34008597 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00204j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based nanoplatform has attracted growing attention in the biomedical field due to the unique characteristics of MSNs including a high surface area, tunable pore sizes, colloidal stability, ease of functionalization, and desirable biocompatibility. Typically, MSNs are designed as nanocarriers for the incorporation of a variety of contrast agents for bioimaging, which can address the intrinsic drawbacks of contrast agents, including poor solubility in water, rapid photobleaching, and low stability. This review summarizes the recent advances in the field of MSN-based nanoprobes for fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic (PA) imaging applications. The approaches for the incorporation of contrast agents into MSN-based nanoplatforms including encapsulating contrast agents within MSNs, covalently conjugating contrast agents on the surface or pores of MSNs, physically absorbing contrast agents in the pores of MSNs, and doping contrast agents in the framework of MSNs are introduced. MSN-based nanoprobes for fluorescence imaging and PA imaging are discussed. The enhanced fluorescence imaging and PA imaging performances of MSN-based nanoprobes relative to the bare contrast agents are introduced and the underlying mechanisms are discussed in detail. Finally, current challenges and perspectives of MSN-based nanoprobes in the bioimaging field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
| | - Xu Zhen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China.
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113
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Zhen X, Qu R, Chen W, Wu W, Jiang X. The development of phosphorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:285-300. [PMID: 32756681 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorescence is a process that slowly releases the photoexcitation energy after the removal of the excitation source. Although transition metal complexes and purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials show excellent phosphorescence property, their applications in in vitro and in vivo bioimaging are limited due to their poor solubility in water. To overcome this issue, phosphorescent materials are modified with amphiphilic or hydrophilic polymers to endow them with biocompatibility. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of phosphorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. The photophysical mechanism and the design principles of transition metal complexes and purely organic RTP materials for the stabilization of the triplet excited state for enhanced phosphorescence are first discussed. Then, the applications in in vitro and in vivo bioimaging using transition metal complexes including iridium(iii) complexes, platinum(ii) complexes, rhodium(i) complexes, and purely organic RTP materials are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives for these emerging materials in bioimaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Weizhi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
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114
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Liu Y, Huang X, Niu Z, Wang D, Gou H, Liao Q, Xi K, An Z, Jia X. Photo-induced ultralong phosphorescence of carbon dots for thermally sensitive dynamic patterning. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8199-8206. [PMID: 34194710 PMCID: PMC8208321 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01394g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive films with a dynamic long afterglow feature have received considerable attention in the field of optical materials. Herein, we report the unique dynamic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (URTP) in flexible solid films made of luminescent carbon dots (CDs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Impressively, fully reversible photo-activation and thermal deactivation of the dynamic long afterglow was achieved in this material, with a lifetime on-off ratio exceeding 3900. Subsequently, ultra-fine URTP patterns (resolution > 1280 dpi) with thermally sensitive retention time were readily photo-printed onto the films and utilized as time-temperature indicating logistics labels with multi-editing capacity. These findings not only enrich the library of dynamic URTP materials, but also extend the scope of the potential applications of luminescent CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zuoji Niu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Dongni Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huilin Gou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Qiaobo Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Kai Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xudong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
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115
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Wang Y, Gao H, Yang J, Fang M, Ding D, Tang BZ, Li Z. High Performance of Simple Organic Phosphorescence Host-Guest Materials and their Application in Time-Resolved Bioimaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007811. [PMID: 33772942 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has drawn increasing attention because of its considerable theoretical research and practical application value. Currently, organic RTP materials with both high efficiency (ΦP > 20%) and a long lifetime (τP > 10 s) in air are still scarce due to the lack of related design guidance. Here, a new strategy to increase the phosphorescence performance of organic materials by integrating the RTP host and RTP guest in one doping system to form a triplet exciplex, is reported. With these materials, the high-contrast labeling of tumors in living mice and encrypted patterns in thermal printing are both successfully realized by taking advantage of both the long afterglow time (up to 25 min in aqueous media) and high phosphorescence efficiency (43%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Heqi Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Manman Fang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore, Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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116
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Ren J, Wang Y, Tian Y, Liu Z, Xiao X, Yang J, Fang M, Li Z. Force‐Induced Turn‐On Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Purely Organic Luminogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ren
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiangheng Xiao
- School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Manman Fang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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117
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Zheng X, Wu W, Zheng Y, Ding Y, Xiang Y, Liu B, Tong A. Organic Nanoparticles with Persistent Luminescence for In Vivo Afterglow Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2021; 27:6911-6916. [PMID: 33556210 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT), with precise localization and non-invasive treatment of tumors, is an emerging technique with great potential for cancer therapy. However, impaired by tissue auto-fluorescence that causes low signal-to-background ratio (SBR), most fluorescence imaging systems show poor sensitivity to tumors in vivo. In this study, we synthesized organic nanoparticles (ONPs) with persistent luminescence and good biocompatibility for afterglow imaging-guided PDT. The ONPs displayed near-infrared light emission with half-life time at minute level, which offered high SBR and good tissue penetration for in vivo afterglow tumor imaging. Taking advantage of their abundant singlet oxygen generation by NIR laser irradiation guided to the tumor sites, the ONPs also enabled imaging-guided PDT for efficient suppression of tumor growth in mice with minimal damage to major organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Aijun Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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118
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Zhou Y, Lu S, Zhi J, Jiang R, Chen J, Zhong H, Shi H, Ma X, An Z. Microscopic Afterglow Bioimaging by Ultralong Organic Phosphorescent Nanoparticles in Living Cells and Zebrafish. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6516-6522. [PMID: 33852275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Compared with short-lived emission probes featuring fluorescence imaging , the use of phosphorescent probes imparts the advantage of long-lived signal persistence that distinguishes against background fluorescence interference. However, the realization of ultralong organic phosphorescent (UOP) probes with an ultralong emission lifetime in an aqueous medium is still a challenge. Here, we present a rational strategy for obtaining UOP nanoparticles (NPs) in an air-saturated aqueous medium prepared using an organic phosphor (PDBCz) and a surfactant polymer (PVP), named PDBCz@PVP, showing an ultralong emission lifetime of 284.59 ms and a phosphorescence quantum efficiency of 7.6%. The excellent phosphorescence properties and water solubility of PDBCz@PVP make it a promising candidate for biological imaging. The as-prepared PDBCz@PVP NPs possess excellent luminescence intensity as well as illustrious biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate their use as an efficient phosphorescent nanoprobe both in living cells and zebrafish by capturing their afterglow emission signals under microscopy observation for the first time, realizing convenient and fast bioimaging with low cost, which allows for anti-fluorescence interference and shows promise for the future theragnostic applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Song Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiahuan Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ruihong Jiang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hanbing Zhong
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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119
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Prakash S, Sahu S, Bhattacharya S, Bisht PB, Mishra AK. Carbon Dot-NaCl Crystals for White-Light Generation and Fabry-Perot Lasing. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:783-792. [PMID: 33561299 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phosphor materials with broad spectral range and an average emission lifetime (20 μs) have been achieved from carbon dots (CDs)-NaCl crystals. A one-pot synthesis pathway has been developed for CDs-NaCl crystals formation at room temperature. Precursor for CDs materials was screened at room temperature by oxidation methodology from different simple sugar molecules. CDs (size less than 10 nm) prepared from the fructose sugar exhibit most intense emission. Utilizing ripe banana peel (contains ∼27% of fructose) as a precursor for the carbon dot formation, white-light emission with a CIE index of (0.29, 0.34) has been achieved from the single source with CDs-NaCl crystals upon excitation at 430 nm. The crystals also function as Fabry-Perot (F-P) mode resonator for lasing, with a laser threshold value of 0.9 mW and a resonating Q-factor of 207. These results outline a new approach for realizing F-P lasing and white light emission from a non-toxic green source with a quick, facile and low-cost synthesis procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Saugata Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | | | - Prem B Bisht
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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120
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Nidhankar AD, Goudappagouda, Wakchaure VC, Babu SS. Efficient metal-free organic room temperature phosphors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4216-4236. [PMID: 34163691 PMCID: PMC8179585 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative transformation of organic luminescent materials in recent years has realised the exciting research area of ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence. Here the credit for the advancements goes to the rational design of new organic phosphors. The continuous effort in the area has yielded wide varieties of metal-free organic systems capable of extending the lifetime to several seconds under ambient conditions with high quantum yield and attractive afterglow properties. The various strategies adopted in the past decade to manipulate the fate of triplet excitons suggest a bright future for this class of materials. To analyze the underlying processes in detail, we have chosen high performing organic triplet emitters that utilized the best possible ways to achieve a lifetime above one second along with impressive quantum yield and afterglow properties. Such a case study describing different classes of metal-free organic phosphors and strategies adopted for the efficient management of triplet excitons will stimulate the development of better candidates for futuristic applications. This Perspective discusses the phosphorescence features of single- and multi-component crystalline assemblies, host-guest assemblies, polymers, and polymer-based systems under various classes of molecules. The various applications of the organic phosphors, along with future perspectives, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash D Nidhankar
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Goudappagouda
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Vivek C Wakchaure
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
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121
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Madhu M, Lu CY, Tseng WL. Phosphorescent MoS 2 quantum dots as a temperature sensor and security ink. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:661-667. [PMID: 36133843 PMCID: PMC9417700 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, few phosphorescent materials (PMs) possess a long phosphorescence lasting time and have potential for application in chemical sensors. Herein, we disclose that the incorporation of few-layer molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (FL-MoS2 QDs) into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrices leads to the emission of bright green phosphorescence with a long lasting time of 3.0 s and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 20%. This enhanced phosphorescence originates from the formation of O-H⋯S hydrogen bonding networks between the rich sulfur sites of the FL-MoS2 QDs and the hydroxyl groups of the PVA molecules, which not only rigidifies the vibration modes of the FL-MoS2 QDs but also provides an oxygen barrier. Further investigations reveal that the FL-MoS2 QD/PVA composites exhibit a longer phosphorescence lasting time than N,S-doped carbon dots, few layer tungsten disulfide quantum dots, Rhodamine 6G, and Rhodamine B in PVA matrices. Since heat efficiently induced the removal of water moisture from PVA matrices, the FL-MoS2 QD/PVA composites could be implemented for phosphorescence turn-on and naked-eye detection of temperature variations ranging from 30 to 70 °C. By contrast, the carbon dot/PVA composites were incapable of sensing environmental temperature due to their weak hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl groups of PVA matrices. Additionally, this study reveals the potential of the FL-MoS2 QD/PVA composites as an advanced security ink for anti-counterfeiting and encryption applications. The given results could open a new direction for potential application of two-dimensional quantum dots in phosphorescence-based sensors and security inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Madhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Gushan District Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University No. 100, Shiquan 1st Road, Sanmin District Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University No. 70, Lien-hai Road, Gushan District Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
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122
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Peng C, Chen X, Chen M, Lu S, Wang Y, Wu S, Liu X, Huang W. Afterglow Carbon Dots: From Fundamentals to Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:6098925. [PMID: 38617379 PMCID: PMC11014466 DOI: 10.34133/2021/6098925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The ability of carbon dots (CDs) to emit afterglow emission in addition to fluorescence in response to UV-to-visible excitation allows them to be a new class of luminescent materials. When compared with traditional organic or inorganic afterglow materials, CDs have a set of advantages, including small size, ease of synthesis, and absence of highly toxic metal ions. In addition, high dependence of their afterglow color output on temperature, excitation wavelength, and aggregation degrees adds remarkable flexibility in the creation of multimode luminescence of CDs without the need for changing their intrinsic attributes. These characteristics make CDs particularly attractive in the fields of sensing, anticounterfeiting, and data encryption. In this review, we first describe the general attributes of afterglow CDs and their fundamental afterglow mechanism. We then highlight recent strategic advances in the generation or activation of the afterglow luminescence of CDs. Considerable emphasis is placed on the summarization of their emergent afterglow properties in response to external stimulation. We further highlight the emerging applications of afterglow CDs on the basis of their unique optical features and present the key challenges needed to be addressed before the realization of their full practical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shenci Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsChina
| | - Suli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2nd Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaowang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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123
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Yao X, Wang J, Jiao D, Huang Z, Mhirsi O, Lossada F, Chen L, Haehnle B, Kuehne AJC, Ma X, Tian H, Walther A. Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Enabled through Nacre-Mimetic Nanocomposite Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005973. [PMID: 33346394 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A generic, facile, and waterborne strategy is introduced to fabricate flexible, low-cost nanocomposite films with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) by incorporating waterborne RTP polymers into self-assembled bioinspired polymer/nanoclay nanocomposites. The excellent oxygen barrier of the lamellar nanoclay structure suppresses the quenching effect from ambient oxygen (kq ) and broadens the choice of polymer matrices towards lower glass transition temperature (Tg ), while providing better mechanical properties and processability. Moreover, the oxygen permeation and diffusion inside the films can be fine-tuned by varying the polymer/nanoclay ratio, enabling programmable retention times of the RTP signals, which is exploited for transient information storage and anti-counterfeiting materials. Additionally, anti-interception materials are showcased by tracing the interception-induced oxygen history that interferes with the preset self-erasing time. Merging bioinspired nanocomposite design with RTP materials contributes to overcoming the inherent limitations of molecular design of organic RTP compounds, and allows programmable temporal features to be added into RTP materials by controlled mesostructures. This will assist in paving the way for practical applications of RTP materials as novel anti-counterfeiting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Yao
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dejin Jiao
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Zizhao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Oumaima Mhirsi
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Francisco Lossada
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Lisa Chen
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Bastian Haehnle
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
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124
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Hirata S, Bhattacharjee I. Vibrational Radiationless Transition from Triplet States of Chromophores at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:885-894. [PMID: 33467853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The radiationless transition rate based on intramolecular vibrations from the lowest excited triplet state (T1) at room temperature [knr(RT)] is crucial for triplet energy harvesting in optoelectronics and photonics applications. Although a decrease of knr(RT) of chromophores with strong intermolecular interactions is often proposed, scientific evidence for this has not been reported. Here we report a method to predict knr(RT). We optically estimated knr(RT) of various molecularly dispersed chromophores with a variety of transition characteristics from T1 to the ground state (S0) under appropriate inert liquid or solid host conditions. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) without considering molecular vibrations was not correlated with the estimated knr(RT). However, the estimated knr(RT) was strongly correlated with a multiplication of SOC considering vibrations freely allowed at room temperature and the Franck-Condon factor. This correlation revealed that knr(RT) of many heavy-atom-free chromophores with a visible T1-S0 transition energy and local excited T1-S0 transition characteristics is intrinsically less than 100 s-1 even when vibrations freely occur. This information will assist researchers to appropriately design materials without limitations regarding intermolecular interactions to control T1 lifetime at room temperature and facilitate triplet energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Engineering Science and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Indranil Bhattacharjee
- Department of Engineering Science and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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125
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Recent Advances of Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials for Bioimaging Applications. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-0396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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126
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Xu C, Pu K. Second near-infrared photothermal materials for combinational nanotheranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1111-1137. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent development of second near-infrared photothermal combinational nanotheranostics for cancer, infectious diseases and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
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127
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Kumar AV, Rohullah M, Ravi J, Godumala M, Annadhasan M, Chandrasekar R. Mechanophotonic aspects of a room temperature phosphorescent flexible organic microcrystal. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel crystal of PTX-2CF3 exhibits room temperature phosphorescence and mechanical flexibility. This flexible crystal efficiently transduces optical emission both in the straight and bent geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avulu Vinod Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Mehdi Rohullah
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Jada Ravi
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Mallesham Godumala
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Mari Annadhasan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Rajadurai Chandrasekar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500046, India
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128
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Dang Q, Jiang Y, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Luo S, Xie Y, Pu K, Li Q, Li Z. Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Resonance Energy Transfer for Construction of Near-Infrared Afterglow Imaging Agents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2006752. [PMID: 33175432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Afterglow imaging that detects photons after cessation of optical excitation avoids tissue autofluorescence and thus possesses higher sensitivity than traditional fluorescence imaging. Purely organic molecules with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have emerged as a new library of benign afterglow agents. However, most RTP luminogens only emit visible light with shallow tissue penetration, constraining their in vivo applications. This study presents an organic RTP nanoprobe (mTPA-N) with emission in the NIR range for in vivo afterglow imaging. Such a probe is composed of RTP molecule (mTPA) as the phosphorescent generator and an NIR-fluorescent dye as the energy acceptor to enable room-temperature phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (RT-PRET), ultimately resulting in redshifted phosphorescent emission at 780 nm. Because of the elimination of background noise and redshifted afterglow luminescence in a biologically transparent window, mTPA-N permits imaging of lymph nodes in living mice with a high signal-to-noise ratio. This study thus opens up a universal approach to develop organic RTP luminogens into NIR afterglow imaging agents via construction of RT-PRET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Dang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qunhua Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mingkang Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Simeng Luo
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yujun Xie
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qianqian Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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129
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Guo W, Wang X, Zhou B, Zhang K. Achieving Purely-Organic Room-Temperature Aqueous Phosphorescence via a Two-Component Macromolecular Self-Assembly Strategy. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3469-3474. [PMID: 32909394 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of supramolecular behaviors and aggregation states represents an important topic in devising intriguing photofunctional systems. Here we report a two-component macromolecular self-assembly strategy for achieving aqueous room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in purely organic systems. Amphiphilic triblock copolymers are used to modulate the self-assembly of planar RTP molecules in aqueous solution, leading to the formation of sheet-like RTP objects with well-defined morphology, uniform crystalline nanostructures and excellent aqueous dispersity. In contrast, the addition of the planar RTP molecules into aqueous medium only leads to precipitation and quenching of RTP properties. Powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the amphiphilic triblock copolymers can assist supramolecular columnar packing of the planar RTP molecules where multiple non-covalent interactions stabilize the triplet excited states. Interestingly, it is found that luminescent signals of the sheet-like RTP objects can be extracted from strong fluorescent environments by phosphorescence mode and emission lifetime measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xuepu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Kaka Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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130
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Liu X, Zhang K, Gao J, Chen Y, Tung C, Wu L. Monochromophore‐Based Phosphorescence and Fluorescence from Pure Organic Assemblies for Ratiometric Hypoxia Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23456-23460. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Department of Chemistry North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jian‐Feng Gao
- Department of Chemistry North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China
| | - Yu‐Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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131
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Liu X, Zhang K, Gao J, Chen Y, Tung C, Wu L. Monochromophore‐Based Phosphorescence and Fluorescence from Pure Organic Assemblies for Ratiometric Hypoxia Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Department of Chemistry North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jian‐Feng Gao
- Department of Chemistry North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China
| | - Yu‐Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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132
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Feng C, Li S, Fu L, Xiao X, Xu Z, Liao Q, Wu Y, Yao J, Fu H. Breaking Kasha's Rule as a Mechanism for Solution-Phase Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from High-Lying Triplet Excited State. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8246-8251. [PMID: 32915577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic room-temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) has been demonstrated successfully in solids. In contrast, solution-phase ORTP is rarely achieved, because the T1 → S0 phosphorescence is too slow to compete against nonradiative decay and the oxygen-quenching effect. Here, we reported that suppression of Kasha's rule is a strategy to achieve solution-phase ORTP from the high-lying T2 state by spatially separating T2 and T1 on different parts of the molecule (CzCbDBT) composed of carbonyl (Cb), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and carbazole moiety (Cz). On one hand, intersystem crossing (ISC) is much faster from S1 to T2 than that to T1, owing to the small energy-gap ΔES1-T2 and large spin-orbital coupling ξS1-T2. On the other hand, T2 → T1 internal conversion is inhibited owing to spatial separation, i.e., T2 on CbDBT and T1 on Cz, respectively. Also, combination of very fast radiative decay from T2 to S0 owing to large ξT2-S0, the efficient solution-phase ORTP emission from the T2 state was finally achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Feng
- Institute of Molecule Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Molecule Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Institute of Molecule Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Institute of Molecule Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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133
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Liu W, Wang J, Gong Y, Liao Q, Dang Q, Li Z, Bo Z. Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Invoked Through Norbornyl‐Driven Intermolecular Interaction Intensification with Anomalous Reversible Solid‐State Photochromism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yanbin Gong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Qiuyan Liao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Qianxi Dang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zhen Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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134
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Liu W, Wang J, Gong Y, Liao Q, Dang Q, Li Z, Bo Z. Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Invoked Through Norbornyl‐Driven Intermolecular Interaction Intensification with Anomalous Reversible Solid‐State Photochromism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20161-20166. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yanbin Gong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Qiuyan Liao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Qianxi Dang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zhen Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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135
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Middha E, Liu B. Nanoparticles of Organic Electronic Materials for Biomedical Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9228-9242. [PMID: 32806064 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronic materials play important roles in modern electronic devices such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and transistors. Upon interaction with light, these optically active materials can undergo different photophysical and photochemical pathways, providing unique opportunities for optimization of light emission via radiative decay, heat generation via nonradiative decay, and singlet oxygen production or phosphorescence emission via intersystem crossing, all of which open alternative opportunities for their applications in sensing, imaging, and therapy. In this Perspective, we discuss all of the pathways that determine the optical properties of high-performance organic electronic materials, focusing on the optimization of each pathway for photogeneration and relaxation of electronic excited states. We also examine nanoparticle (NP) fabrication techniques tailored to macromolecules and small molecules to render them into NPs with optimized size and distribution for biomedical applications and endow organic electronic materials with water dispersibility and biocompatibility. Lastly, we illustrate the in vitro and in vivo applications of some representative organic electronic materials after optimization of each relaxation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
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136
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Kinetic prediction of reverse intersystem crossing in organic donor-acceptor molecules. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3909. [PMID: 32764588 PMCID: PMC7411052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), the uphill spin-flip process from a triplet to a singlet excited state, plays a key role in a wide range of photochemical applications. Understanding and predicting the kinetics of such processes in vastly different molecular structures would facilitate the rational material design. Here, we demonstrate a theoretical expression that successfully reproduces experimental RISC rate constants ranging over five orders of magnitude in twenty different molecules. We show that the spin flip occurs across the singlet–triplet crossing seam involving a higher-lying triplet excited state where the semi-classical Marcus parabola is no longer valid. The present model explains the counterintuitive substitution effects of bromine on the RISC rate constants of previously unknown molecules, providing a predictive tool for material design. Understanding and predicting the kinetics of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) facilitates the design of materials. Here, the authors demonstrate a theoretical expression that reproduces experimental RISC rate constants ranging over five orders of magnitude in selected molecules.
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137
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Bhattacharjee I, Hirata S. Highly Efficient Persistent Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Heavy Atom-Free Molecules Triggered by Hidden Long Phosphorescent Antenna. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001348. [PMID: 32596857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Persistent (lifetime > 100 ms) room-temperature phosphorescence (pRTP) is important for state-of-the-art security and bioimaging applications. An unclear relationship between chromophores and physical parameters relating to pRTP has prevented obtaining an RTP yield of over 50% and a lifetime over 1 s. Here highly efficient pRTP is reported under ambient conditions from heavy atom-free chromophores. A heavy atom-free aromatic core substituted with a long-conjugated amino group considerably accelerates the phosphorescence rate independent of the intramolecular vibration-based nonradiative rate from the lowest excited triplet state. One of the designed heavy atom-free dopant chromophores presents an RTP yield of 50% with a lifetime of 1 s under ambient conditions. The afterglow brightness under strong excitation is at least 104 times stronger than that of conventional long-persistent luminescence emitters. Here it is shown that highly efficient pRTP materials allow for high-resolution gated emission with a size of the diffraction limit using small-scale and low-cost photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Bhattacharjee
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
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138
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Göbel D, Friedrich M, Lork E, Nachtsheim BJ. Clickable azide-functionalized bromoarylaldehydes - synthesis and photophysical characterization. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1683-1692. [PMID: 32733611 PMCID: PMC7372231 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a facile synthesis of three azide-functionalized fluorophores and their covalent attachment as triazoles in Huisgen-type cycloadditions with model alkynes. Besides two ortho- and para-bromo-substituted benzaldehydes, the azide functionalization of a fluorene-based structure will be presented. The copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of the so-synthesized azide-functionalized bromocarbaldehydes with terminal alkynes, exhibiting different degrees of steric demand, was performed in high efficiency. Finally, we investigated the photophysical properties of the azide-functionalized arenes and their covalently linked triazole derivatives to gain deeper insight towards the effect of these covalent linkers on the emission behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Göbel
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marius Friedrich
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße Geb.54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institute for Inorganic and Crystallographic Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Boris J Nachtsheim
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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139
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Lian H, Li Y, Sharafudeen K, Zhao W, Krishnan GR, Zhang S, Qiu J, Huang K, Han G. Highly Thermotolerant Metal Halide Perovskite Solids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002495. [PMID: 32462669 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of their narrow emission bands, near-unity quantum yield, and low fabrication cost, metal halide perovskites hold great promise in numerous aspects of optoelectronic applications, including solid-state lighting, lasing, and displays. Despite such promise, the poor temperature tolerance and suboptimal quantum yield of the existing metal halide perovskites in their solid state have severely limited their practical applications. Here, a straightforward heterogeneous interfacial method to develop superior thermotolerant and highly emissive solid-state metal halide perovskites is reported and their use as long-lasting high-temperature and high-input-power durable solid-state light-emitting diodes is illustrated. It is found that the resultant materials can well maintain their superior quantum efficiency after heating at a temperature over 150 °C for up to 22 h. A white light-emitting diode (w-LED) constructed from the metal halide perovskite solid exhibits superior temperature sustainable lifetime over 1100 h. The w-LED also displays a highly durable high-power-driving capability, and its working current can go up to 300 mA. It is believed that such highly thermotolerant metal halide perovskites will unleash the possibility of a wide variety of high-power and high-temperature solid-state lighting, lasing, and display devices that have been limited by existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwang Lian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | | | - Weiren Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gopi R Krishnan
- Department of Physics, NSS College Pandalam, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, 689501, India
| | - Shaoan Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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140
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Fang F, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Li M, Ye J, Zhang J. Europium-Doped Nanoparticles for Cellular Luminescence Lifetime Imaging via Multiple Manipulations of Aggregation State. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5103-5110. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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141
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Jena S, Dhanalakshmi P, Bano G, Thilagar P. Delayed Fluorescence, Room Temperature Phosphorescence, and Mechanofluorochromic Naphthalimides: Differential Imaging of Normoxia and Hypoxia Live Cancer Cells. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5393-5406. [PMID: 32501697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the effect of molecular conformation on the electronic coupling between the donor amines and acceptor 1,8-naphthalimide (NPI) in a series of D-A systems 1-4 (A = NPI; D = phenothiazine, phenoxazine, carbazole, diphenylamine, respectively, for 1, 2, 3, and 4). Weakly coupled systems show dual emission in the solution state, while strongly coupled systems show single emission bands. The energy of transitions and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield are sensitive to the molecular conformation and donor strength. These compounds show delayed emission in the solutions and aggregated state and phosphorescence in the solid state. Compounds 3 and 4 with weak donors exhibit intermolecular slipped π···π interactions in the solid state and consequently exhibit dual (intra- and inter-) phosphorescence at low temperature. Steady state and time-resolved PL studies at variable temperature together with computational and crystal structure analysis were used to rationalize the optical properties of these compounds. The delayed emission of these compounds is sensitive to molecular oxygen; accordingly, these molecules are utilized for differential imaging of normoxia and hypoxia cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Jena
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Pandi Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Gulista Bano
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
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142
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Wang Z, Zhu CY, Fu PY, Mo JT, Ruan J, Pan M, Su CY. Enhanced Long Persistent Luminescence by Multifold Interpenetration in Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2020; 26:7458-7462. [PMID: 32162421 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with long persistent luminescence (LPL) have attracted widespread attention due to potential applications in displays, anticounterfeiting, and so on. However, MOFs often have large pore size, which restricts the formation of efficient inter- and intramolecular interactions to realize LPL. Herein, a new approach to achieving LPL in MOFs by multifold interpenetration of discrete frameworks is reported. By comparison between threefold- and twofold-interpenetrating MOFs, it was found that the former, which have higher multiplicity and denser frameworks, can be endowed with enhanced inter- and intramolecular interactions, and thus enhanced LPL is obtained. Meanwhile, metal-cluster and heavy-halogen effects could also cause variations in LPL duration and color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Yi Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Yan Fu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ting Mo
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ruan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Mei Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
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143
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Xiao L, Wang Z, Zhang C, Xie X, Ma H, Peng Q, An Z, Wang X, Shuai Z, Xiao M. Long Persistent Luminescence Enabled by Dissociation of Triplet Intermediate States in an Organic Guest/Host System. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3582-3588. [PMID: 32302138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic guest/host systems with long persistent luminescence benefiting from the formation of a long-lived charge-separated state have recently been demonstrated. However, the photogeneration mechanism of such key charge-separated states remains elusive. Here, we report the identification of intermediate triplet states with mixed local excitation and charge-transfer character that connect the initial photoexcited singlet states and the long-lived charge-separated states. Using time-resolved optical spectroscopy, we observe the intersystem crossing from photoexcited singlet charge-transfer states to triplet intermediate states on a time scale of ∼52 ns. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal that the long-lived triplet intermediate states ensure a relatively high efficiency of diffusion-driven charge separation to form the charge-separated state responsible for LPL emission. The findings in this work provide a rationale for the development of new LPL materials that may also improve our understanding of the mechanism of photon-to-charge conversion in many organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixin Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qian Peng
- China Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Department of Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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144
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Xu L, Zhou K, Ma H, Lv A, Pei D, Li G, Zhang Y, An Z, Li A, He G. Ultralong Organic Phosphorescent Nanocrystals with Long-Lived Triplet Excited States for Afterglow Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18385-18394. [PMID: 32212618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel applications of ultralong organic phosphorescent (UOP) materials is highly desired. Herein, a series of UOP materials (EDCz, E = O, S, Se, and Te) for bacterial afterglow imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is reported. By structurally bonding with the chalcogen atoms with π-conjugated scaffolds, EDCz not only absorbs visible light but also emits UOP with an efficiency of ca. 0.01-6.8% and a long lifetime of 0.08-0.318 s under ambient conditions. Benefiting from the long-lived triplet excited states, the SeDCz nanocrystals (NCs) possessed the best optical properties in the series, generating 1O2 under white light irradiation and performing as an agent for Staphylococcus aureus afterglow imaging and PDT at a low concentration (98 ng mL-1). The SeDCz NCs are also utilized as real-time UOP imaging agents and promoted healing of infected wounds in living mice. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first example of UOP-based bacterial photodynamic theranostic agents and creates a platform for the next-generation efficient UOP-based photosensitizers for bioimaging and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Anqi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi province, China
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145
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Chen X, Liu ZF, Jin WJ. The Effect of Electron Donation and Intermolecular Interactions on Ultralong Phosphorescence Lifetime of 4-Carnoyl Phenylboronic Acids. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2746-2754. [PMID: 32172561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purely organic phosphors with persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) demonstrate promising potential applications in optoelectronic area, bioimaging, and chemical sensing. However, it is still a formidable challenge to further design new organic phosphors due to the unclear mechanism to produce ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes. This paper investigates the correlation between the ultralong phosphorescence lifetime and structure of a series of 4-carbonylphenylboronic acid derivatives in the crystal state. Experimental and calculation results reveal that the electron-donating effect of substituents makes the phosphorescence lifetime longer by not only weakening the vibration relaxation of the excited triplet state but also increasing the energy of T1. Moreover, numerous intermolecular interactions for reducing nonradiative relaxation and the degree of the π-π stacking for stabilizing the triplet state are beneficial to the persistent RTP. The work is conducted to clarify the structure-property correlation of phosphorescent materials and design new persistent phosphors. Finally, an attempt is completed using phosphorescent materials to design two-dimensional or three-dimensional codes and anticounterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zheng-Fei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Jun Jin
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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146
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Zhi J, Zhou Q, Shi H, An Z, Huang W. Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials for Biomedical Applications. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:947-957. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
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147
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Kuila S, George SJ. Phosphorescence Energy Transfer: Ambient Afterglow Fluorescence from Water‐Processable and Purely Organic Dyes via Delayed Sensitization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kuila
- Supramolecular Chemistry LaboratoryNew Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced MaterialsJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Subi J. George
- Supramolecular Chemistry LaboratoryNew Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced MaterialsJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560064 India
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148
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Kuila S, George SJ. Phosphorescence Energy Transfer: Ambient Afterglow Fluorescence from Water-Processable and Purely Organic Dyes via Delayed Sensitization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9393-9397. [PMID: 32142188 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ambient afterglow luminescence from metal-free organic chromophores would provide a promising alternative to the well-explored inorganic phosphors. However, the realization of air-stable and solution-processable organic afterglow systems with long-lived triplet or singlet states remains a formidable challenge. In the present study, a delayed sensitization of the singlet state of organic dyes via phosphorescence energy transfer from organic phosphors is proposed as an alternative strategy to realize "afterglow fluorescence". This concept is demonstrated with a long-lived phosphor as the energy donor and commercially available fluorescent dyes as the energy acceptor. Triplet-to-singlet Förster-resonance energy-transfer (TS-FRET) between donor and acceptor chromophores, which are co-organized in an amorphous polymer matrix, results in tuneable yellow and red afterglow from the fluorescent acceptors. Moreover, these afterglow fluorescent hybrids are highly solution-processable and show excellent air-stability with good quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kuila
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
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149
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Hu Z, Chen WH, Tian J, Cheng Z. NIRF Nanoprobes for Cancer Molecular Imaging: Approaching Clinic. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:469-482. [PMID: 32359478 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Near-IR fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) is a highly promising technique for improving cancer theranostics in the era of precision medicine. Through the combination with cutting-edge bionanotechnologies, the potential of NIRFI can be greatly broadened. A variety of novel NIRF nanoprobes has been developed with ultimate goals of addressing unmet medical needs. Here, we present recent breakthroughs on the fundamental aspects of NIRFI, such as imaging at long wavelengths (1000-1700 nm), and the use of new approaches (X-rays, chemiluminescence, radioluminescence, etc.) for the excitation of novel nanoprobes. Within two decades, research on NIRF nanoprobes has translated to clinical trials and it will further translate to cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, and Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xian 710071, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, and Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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150
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Wu S, Li Y, Ding W, Xu L, Ma Y, Zhang L. Recent Advances of Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles in Bioapplications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:70. [PMID: 34138268 PMCID: PMC7770784 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Persistent luminescence phosphors are a novel group of promising luminescent materials with afterglow properties after the stoppage of excitation. In the past decade, persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) with intriguing optical properties have attracted a wide range of attention in various areas. Especially in recent years, the development and applications in biomedical fields have been widely explored. Owing to the efficient elimination of the autofluorescence interferences from biotissues and the ultra-long near-infrared afterglow emission, many researches have focused on the manipulation of PLNPs in biosensing, cell tracking, bioimaging and cancer therapy. These achievements stimulated the growing interest in designing new types of PLNPs with desired superior characteristics and multiple functions. In this review, we summarize the works on synthesis methods, bioapplications, biomembrane modification and biosafety of PLNPs and highlight the recent advances in biosensing, imaging and imaging-guided therapy. We further discuss the new types of PLNPs as a newly emerged class of functional biomaterials for multiple applications. Finally, the remaining problems and challenges are discussed with suggestions and prospects for potential future directions in the biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Letong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
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