101
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Mitchison HM, Valente EM. Motile and non-motile cilia in human pathology: from function to phenotypes. J Pathol 2017; 241:294-309. [PMID: 27859258 DOI: 10.1002/path.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are inherited human disorders caused by both motile and non-motile cilia dysfunction that form an important and rapidly expanding disease category. Ciliopathies are complex conditions to diagnose, being multisystem disorders characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity and clinical variability with high levels of lethality. There is marked phenotypic overlap among distinct ciliopathy syndromes that presents a major challenge for their recognition, diagnosis, and clinical management, in addition to posing an on-going task to develop the most appropriate family counselling. The impact of next-generation sequencing and high-throughput technologies in the last decade has significantly improved our understanding of the biological basis of ciliopathy disorders, enhancing our ability to determine the possible reasons for the extensive overlap in their symptoms and genetic aetiologies. Here, we review the diverse functions of cilia in human health and disease and discuss a growing shift away from the classical clinical definitions of ciliopathy syndromes to a more functional categorization. This approach arises from our improved understanding of this unique organelle, revealed through new genetic and cell biological insights into the discrete functioning of subcompartments of the cilium (basal body, transition zone, intraflagellar transport, motility). Mutations affecting these distinct ciliary protein modules can confer different genetic diseases and new clinical classifications are possible to define, according to the nature and extent of organ involvement. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143, Rome, Italy
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102
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Duran I, Taylor SP, Zhang W, Martin J, Qureshi F, Jacques SM, Wallerstein R, Lachman RS, Nickerson DA, Bamshad M, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Mutations in IFT-A satellite core component genes IFT43 and IFT121 produce short rib polydactyly syndrome with distinctive campomelia. Cilia 2017; 6:7. [PMID: 28400947 PMCID: PMC5387211 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-017-0051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal ciliopathies comprise a spectrum of ciliary malfunction disorders that have a profound effect on the skeleton. Most common among these disorders is short rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), a recessively inherited perinatal lethal condition characterized by a long narrow chest, markedly shortened long bones, polydactyly and, often, multi-organ system involvement. SRPS shows extensive locus heterogeneity with mutations in genes encoding proteins that participate in cilia formation and/or function. Results Herein we describe mutations in IFT43, a satellite member of the retrograde IFT-A complex, that produce a form of SRPS with unusual bending of the ribs and appendicular bones. These newly described IFT43 mutations disrupted cilia formation, produced abnormalities in cartilage growth plate architecture thus contributing to altered endochondral ossification. We further show that the IFT43 SRPS phenotype is similar to SRPS resulting from mutations in the gene encoding IFT121 (WDR35), a direct interactor with IFT43. Conclusions This study defines a new IFT43-associated phenotype, identifying an additional locus for SRPS. The data demonstrate that IFT43 is essential for ciliogenesis and that the mutations disrupted the orderly proliferation and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes, resulting in a severe effect on endochondral ossification and mineralization. Phenotypic similarities with SRPS cases resulting from mutations in the gene encoding the IFT43 direct interacting protein IFT121 suggests that similar mechanisms may be disrupted by defects in these two IFT-A satellite interactors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13630-017-0051-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - S Paige Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jorge Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Faisal Qureshi
- Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women's Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Suzanne M Jacques
- Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women's Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Robert Wallerstein
- Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA
| | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Michael Bamshad
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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103
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Goetz SC, Bangs F, Barrington CL, Katsanis N, Anderson KV. The Meckel syndrome- associated protein MKS1 functionally interacts with components of the BBSome and IFT complexes to mediate ciliary trafficking and hedgehog signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173399. [PMID: 28291807 PMCID: PMC5349470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of primary cilia in human health is underscored by the link between ciliary dysfunction and a group of primarily recessive genetic disorders with overlapping clinical features, now known as ciliopathies. Many of the proteins encoded by ciliopathy-associated genes are components of a handful of multi-protein complexes important for the transport of cargo to the basal body and/or into the cilium. A key question is whether different complexes cooperate in cilia formation, and whether they participate in cilium assembly in conjunction with intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins. To examine how ciliopathy protein complexes might function together, we have analyzed double mutants of an allele of the Meckel syndrome (MKS) complex protein MKS1 and the BBSome protein BBS4. We find that Mks1; Bbs4 double mutant mouse embryos exhibit exacerbated defects in Hedgehog (Hh) dependent patterning compared to either single mutant, and die by E14.5. Cells from double mutant embryos exhibit a defect in the trafficking of ARL13B, a ciliary membrane protein, resulting in disrupted ciliary structure and signaling. We also examined the relationship between the MKS complex and IFT proteins by analyzing double mutant between Mks1 and a hypomorphic allele of the IFTB component Ift172. Despite each single mutant surviving until around birth, Mks1; Ift172avc1 double mutants die at mid-gestation, and exhibit a dramatic failure of cilia formation. We also find that Mks1 interacts genetically with an allele of Dync2h1, the IFT retrograde motor. Thus, we have demonstrated that the MKS transition zone complex cooperates with the BBSome to mediate trafficking of specific trans-membrane receptors to the cilium. Moreover, the genetic interaction of Mks1 with components of IFT machinery suggests that the transition zone complex facilitates IFT to promote cilium assembly and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Goetz
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave. New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Fiona Bangs
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave. New York, United States of America
| | - Chloe L. Barrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Kathryn V. Anderson
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave. New York, United States of America
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104
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Identification of Elongated Primary Cilia with Impaired Mechanotransduction in Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44260. [PMID: 28290481 PMCID: PMC5349607 DOI: 10.1038/srep44260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is an outward projecting antenna-like organelle with an important role in bone mechanotransduction. The capacity to sense mechanical stimuli can affect important cellular and molecular aspects of bone tissue. Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a complex pediatric disease of unknown cause, defined by abnormal spinal curvatures. We demonstrate significant elongation of primary cilia in IS patient bone cells. In response to mechanical stimulation, these IS cells differentially express osteogenic factors, mechanosensitive genes, and signaling genes. Considering that numerous ciliary genes are associated with a scoliosis phenotype, among ciliopathies and knockout animal models, we expected IS patients to have an accumulation of rare variants in ciliary genes. Instead, our SKAT-O analysis of whole exomes showed an enrichment among IS patients for rare variants in genes with a role in cellular mechanotransduction. Our data indicates defective cilia in IS bone cells, which may be linked to heterogeneous gene variants pertaining to cellular mechanotransduction.
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105
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Korobeynikov V, Deneka AY, Golemis EA. Mechanisms for nonmitotic activation of Aurora-A at cilia. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:37-49. [PMID: 28202658 PMCID: PMC5860652 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is oncogenic in many tumors. Many studies of AURKA have focused on activities of this kinase in mitosis, and elucidated the mechanisms by which AURKA activity is induced at the G2/M boundary through interactions with proteins such as TPX2 and NEDD9. These studies have informed the development of small molecule inhibitors of AURKA, of which a number are currently under preclinical and clinical assessment. While the first activities defined for AURKA were its control of centrosomal maturation and organization of the mitotic spindle, an increasing number of studies over the past decade have recognized a separate biological function of AURKA, in controlling disassembly of the primary cilium, a small organelle protruding from the cell surface that serves as a signaling platform. Importantly, these activities require activation of AURKA in early G1, and the mechanisms of activation are much less well defined than those in mitosis. A better understanding of the control of AURKA activity and the role of AURKA at cilia are both important in optimizing the efficacy and interpreting potential downstream consequences of AURKA inhibitors in the clinic. We here provide a current overview of proteins and mechanisms that have been defined as activating AURKA in G1, based on the study of ciliary disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Korobeynikov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A
| | - Alexander Y Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420000, Russian Federation
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A.
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106
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Hirano T, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. Intraflagellar transport-A complex mediates ciliary entry and retrograde trafficking of ciliary G protein-coupled receptors. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:429-439. [PMID: 27932497 PMCID: PMC5341726 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia serve as cellular antennae where proteins involved in sensory and developmental signaling, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are specifically localized. Intraflagellar transport (IFT)-A and -B complexes mediate retrograde and anterograde ciliary protein trafficking, respectively. Using a visible immunoprecipitation assay to detect protein-protein interactions, we show that the IFT-A complex is divided into a core subcomplex, composed of IFT122/IFT140/IFT144, which is associated with TULP3, and a peripheral subcomplex, composed of IFT43/IFT121/IFT139, where IFT139 is most distally located. IFT139-knockout (KO) and IFT144-KO cells demonstrated distinct phenotypes: IFT139-KO cells showed the accumulation of IFT-A, IFT-B, and GPCRs, including Smoothened and GPR161, at the bulged ciliary tips; IFT144-KO cells showed failed ciliary entry of IFT-A and GPCRs and IFT-B accumulation at the bulged tips. These observations demonstrate the distinct roles of the core and peripheral IFT-A subunits: IFT139 is dispensable for IFT-A assembly but essential for retrograde trafficking of IFT-A, IFT-B, and GPCRs; in contrast, IFT144 is essential for functional IFT-A assembly and ciliary entry of GPCRs but dispensable for anterograde IFT-B trafficking. Thus the data presented here demonstrate that the IFT-A complex mediates not only retrograde trafficking but also entry into cilia of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Hirano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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107
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Wang Z, Horemuzova E, Iida A, Guo L, Liu Y, Matsumoto N, Nishimura G, Nordgren A, Miyake N, Tham E, Grigelioniene G, Ikegawa S. Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia is also caused by NEK1 mutations. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:503-506. [PMID: 28123176 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (axial SMD) is a unique form of SMD characterized by dysplasia of axial skeleton and retinal dystrophy. Recently, C21orf2 has been identified as the first disease gene for axial SMD; however, the presence of genetic heterogeneity is known. In this study, we identified NEK1 as the second disease gene for axial SMD. By whole-exome sequencing in a patient with axial SMD, we identified compound heterozygous mutations of NEK1, c.3107C>G (p.S1036*) and c.3830A>C (p.D1277A), which co-segregated in the family. NEK1 mutations have previously been found in three types of short rib thoracic dystrophy, which have no retinal dystrophy. The skeletal phenotype of our patient was milder than those of previously reported cases with NEK1 mutations and those with axial SMD harboring C21orf2 mutations. Phenotypes associated with NEK1 mutations are variable and the phenotype-genotype corelation in skeletal ciliopathies is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Eva Horemuzova
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aritoshi Iida
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Long Guo
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Department of Ophthalmology, The South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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108
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Vilboux T, Malicdan MCV, Roney JC, Cullinane AR, Stephen J, Yildirimli D, Bryant J, Fischer R, Vemulapalli M, Mullikin JC, Steinbach PJ, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M. CELSR2, encoding a planar cell polarity protein, is a putative gene in Joubert syndrome with cortical heterotopia, microophthalmia, and growth hormone deficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:661-666. [PMID: 28052552 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome is a ciliopathy characterized by a specific constellation of central nervous system malformations that result in the pathognomonic "molar tooth sign" on imaging. More than 27 genes are associated with Joubert syndrome, but some patients do not have mutations in any of these genes. Celsr1, Celsr2, and Celsr3 are the mammalian orthologues of the drosophila planar cell polarity protein, flamingo; they play important roles in neural development, including axon guidance, neuronal migration, and cilium polarity. Here, we report bi-allelic mutations in CELSR2 in a Joubert patient with cortical heterotopia, microophthalmia, and growth hormone deficiency. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Vilboux
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph C Roney
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew R Cullinane
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC
| | - Joshi Stephen
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deniz Yildirimli
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joy Bryant
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meghana Vemulapalli
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter J Steinbach
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Gahl
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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109
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Grammatikopoulos T, Sambrotta M, Strautnieks S, Foskett P, Knisely AS, Wagner B, Deheragoda M, Starling C, Mieli-Vergani G, Smith J, Bull L, Thompson RJ. Mutations in DCDC2 (doublecortin domain containing protein 2) in neonatal sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 2016; 65:1179-1187. [PMID: 27469900 PMCID: PMC5116266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neonatal sclerosing cholangitis (NSC) is a severe neonatal-onset cholangiopathy commonly leading to liver transplantation (LT) for end-stage liver disease in childhood. Liver biopsy findings histopathologically resemble those in biliary atresia (BA); however, in NSC extrahepatic bile ducts are patent, whilst in BA their lumina are obliterated. NSC is commonly seen in consanguineous kindreds, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. METHODS From 29 NSC patients (24 families) identified, DNA was available in 24 (21 families). Thirteen (7 male) patients (12 families) of consanguineous parentage were selected for whole exome sequencing. Sequence variants were filtered for homozygosity, pathogenicity, minor allele frequency, quality score, and encoded protein expression pattern. RESULTS Four of 13 patients were homozygous and two were compound heterozygous for mutations in the doublecortin domain containing 2 gene (DCDC2), which encodes DCDC2 protein and is expressed in cholangiocyte cilia. Another 11 patients were sequenced: one (with one sibling pair) was compound heterozygous for DCDC2 mutations. All mutations were protein-truncating. In available liver tissue from patients with DCDC2 mutations, immunostaining for human DCDC2 and the ciliary protein acetylated alpha-tubulin (ACALT) showed no expression (n=6) and transmission electron microscopy found that cholangiocytes lacked primary cilia (n=5). DCDC2 and ACALT were expressed in NSC patients without DCDC2 mutations (n=22). Of the patients carrying DCDC2 mutations, one died awaiting LT; five came to LT, of whom one died 2years later. The other 4 are well. CONCLUSION Among 24 NSC patients with available DNA, 7 had mutations in DCDC2 (6 of 19 families). NSC patients in substantial proportion harbour mutations in DCDC2. Their disease represents a novel liver-based ciliopathy. LAY SUMMARY Neonatal sclerosing cholangitis (NSC) is a rare genetic form of liver disease presenting in infancy. Through next generation sequencing we identified mutations in the gene encoding for doublecortin domain containing 2 (DCDC2) protein in a group of NSC children. DCDC2 is a signalling and structural protein found in primary cilia of cholangiocytes. Cholangiocytes are the cells forming the biliary system which is the draining system of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassos Grammatikopoulos
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Melissa Sambrotta
- Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pierre Foskett
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - A S Knisely
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bart Wagner
- Histopathology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Chris Starling
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Bull
- Liver Center Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Thompson
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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110
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Thevenon J, Duplomb L, Phadke S, Eguether T, Saunier A, Avila M, Carmignac V, Bruel AL, St-Onge J, Duffourd Y, Pazour GJ, Franco B, Attie-Bitach T, Masurel-Paulet A, Rivière JB, Cormier-Daire V, Philippe C, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C. Autosomal recessive IFT57 hypomorphic mutation cause ciliary transport defect in unclassified oral-facial-digital syndrome with short stature and brachymesophalangia. Clin Genet 2016; 90:509-517. [PMID: 27060890 PMCID: PMC5765760 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 13 subtypes of oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFDS) belong to the heterogeneous group of ciliopathies. Disease-causing genes encode for centrosomal proteins, components of the transition zone or proteins implicated in ciliary signaling. A unique consanguineous family presenting with an unclassified OFDS with skeletal dysplasia and brachymesophalangia was explored. Homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing led to the identification of a homozygous mutation in IFT57, which encodes a protein implicated in ciliary transport. The mutation caused splicing anomalies with reduced expression of the wild-type transcript and protein. Both anterograde ciliary transport and sonic hedgehog signaling were significantly decreased in subjects' fibroblasts compared with controls. Sanger sequencing of IFT57 in 13 OFDS subjects and 12 subjects with Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome was negative. This report identifies the implication of IFT57 in human pathology and highlights the first description of a ciliary transport defect in OFDS, extending the genetic heterogeneity of this subgroup of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Thevenon
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Shubha Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Thibaut Eguether
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aline Saunier
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, CHU - Hopitaux de Brabois, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, France
| | - Magali Avila
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Judith St-Onge
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PTB, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine-TIGEM, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163, University Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alice Masurel-Paulet
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PTB, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163, University Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, CHU - Hopitaux de Brabois, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon; France
- Equipe EA4271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
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111
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Sawardekar KP. Meckel–Gruber syndrome: prevalence from a hospital-based study in Oman. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3696-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1141883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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112
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Oud MM, Lamers IJC, Arts HH. Ciliopathies: Genetics in Pediatric Medicine. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 6:18-29. [PMID: 28180024 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ciliary disorders, which are also referred to as ciliopathies, are a group of hereditary disorders that result from dysfunctional cilia. The latter are cellular organelles that stick up from the apical plasma membrane. Cilia have important roles in signal transduction and facilitate communications between cells and their surroundings. Ciliary disruption can result in a wide variety of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders with overlapping phenotypes. Because cilia occur widespread in our bodies many organs and sensory systems can be affected when they are dysfunctional. Ciliary disorders may be isolated or syndromic, and common features are cystic liver and/or kidney disease, blindness, neural tube defects, brain anomalies and intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities ranging from polydactyly to abnormally short ribs and limbs, ectodermal defects, obesity, situs inversus, infertility, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. In this review, we summarize the features, frequency, morbidity, and mortality of each of the different ciliopathies that occur in pediatrics. The importance of genetics and the occurrence of genotype-phenotype correlations are indicated, and advances in gene identification are discussed. The use of next-generation sequencing by which a gene panel or all genes can be screened in a single experiment is highlighted as this technology significantly lowered costs and time of the mutation detection process in the past. We discuss the challenges of this new technology and briefly touch upon the use of whole-exome sequencing as a diagnostic test for ciliary disorders. Finally, a perspective on the future of genetics in the context of ciliary disorders is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machteld M Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ideke J C Lamers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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113
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Zhang Z, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Teves ME, Liu H, Strauss JF, Pazour GJ, Foster JA, Hess RA, Zhang Z. Intraflagellar transport protein IFT20 is essential for male fertility and spermiogenesis in mice. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:mbc.E16-05-0318. [PMID: 27682589 PMCID: PMC5170554 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a conserved mechanism thought to be essential for the assembly and maintenance of cilia and flagella. However, little is known about its role in mammalian sperm flagella formation. To fill this gap, we disrupted the Ift20 gene in male germ cells. Homozygous mutant mice were infertile with significantly reduced sperm counts and motility. In addition, abnormally shaped elongating spermatid heads and bulbous round spermatids were found in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. Electron microscopy revealed increased cytoplasmic vesicles, fiber-like structures, abnormal accumulation of mitochondria and a decrease in mature lysosomes. The few developed sperm had disrupted axonemes and some retained cytoplasmic lobe components on the flagella. ODF2 and SPAG16L, two sperm flagella proteins failed to be incorporated into sperm tails of the mutant mice, and in the germ cells, both were assembled into complexes with lighter density in the absence of IFT20. Disrupting IFT20 did not significantly change expression levels of IFT88, a component of IFT-B complex, and IFT140, a component of IFT-A complex. Even though the expression level of an autophagy core protein that associates with IFT20, ATG16, was reduced in the testis of the Ift20 mutant mice, expression levels of other major autophagy markers, including LC3 and ubiquitin were not changed. Our studies suggest that IFT20 is essential for male fertility and spermiogenesis in mice, and its major function is to transport cargo proteins for sperm flagella formation. It also appears to be involved in removing excess cytoplasmic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430030 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298 Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430030
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298 School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065
| | - Maria E Teves
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298 School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - James A Foster
- Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005
| | - Rex A Hess
- Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln, Urbana, IL 61802-6199
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
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114
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Duran I, Taylor SP, Zhang W, Martin J, Forlenza KN, Spiro RP, Nickerson DA, Bamshad M, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Destabilization of the IFT-B cilia core complex due to mutations in IFT81 causes a Spectrum of Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34232. [PMID: 27666822 PMCID: PMC5035930 DOI: 10.1038/srep34232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) and Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) or Jeune Syndrome are recessively inherited skeletal ciliopathies characterized by profound skeletal abnormalities and are frequently associated with polydactyly and multiorgan system involvement. SRPS are produced by mutations in genes that participate in the formation and function of primary cilia and usually result from disruption of retrograde intraflagellar (IFT) transport of the cilium. Herein we describe a new spectrum of SRPS caused by mutations in the gene IFT81, a key component of the IFT-B complex essential for anterograde transport. In mutant chondrocytes, the mutations led to low levels of IFT81 and mutant cells produced elongated cilia, had altered hedgehog signaling, had increased post-translation modification of tubulin, and showed evidence of destabilization of additional anterograde transport complex components. These findings demonstrate the importance of IFT81 in the skeleton, its role in the anterograde transport complex, and expand the number of loci associated with SRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), University of Malaga, Malaga, 29071, Spain
| | - S Paige Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kimberly N Forlenza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Rhonda P Spiro
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30342, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Michael Bamshad
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
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115
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Zhang W, Taylor SP, Nevarez L, Lachman RS, Nickerson DA, Bamshad M, Krakow D, Cohn DH. IFT52 mutations destabilize anterograde complex assembly, disrupt ciliogenesis and result in short rib polydactyly syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4012-4020. [PMID: 27466190 PMCID: PMC5291235 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) encompass a radiographically and genetically heterogeneous group of skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a long narrow chest, short extremities, and variable occurrence of polydactyly. Radiographic abnormalities include undermineralization of the calvarium, shortened and bowed appendicular bones, trident shaped acetabula and polydactyly. In a case of SRPS we identified compound heterozygosity for mutations in IFT52, which encodes a component of the anterograde intraflagellar transport complex. The IFT52 mutant cells synthesized a significantly reduced amount of IFT52 protein, leading to reduced synthesis of IFT74, IFT81, IFT88 and ARL13B, other key anterograde complex members. Ciliogenesis was also disrupted in the mutant cells, with a 60% reduction in the presence of cilia on mutant cells and loss of cilia length regulation for the cells with cilia. These data demonstrate that IFT52 is essential for anterograde complex integrity and for the biosynthesis and maintenance of cilia. The data identify a new locus for SRPS and show that IFT52 mutations result in a ciliopathy with primary effects on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology
| | | | | | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Human Genetics
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology
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116
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Monroe GR, Kappen IF, Stokman MF, Terhal PA, van den Boogaard MJH, Savelberg SM, van der Veken LT, van Es RJ, Lens SM, Hengeveld RC, Creton MA, Janssen NG, Mink van der Molen AB, Ebbeling MB, Giles RH, Knoers NV, van Haaften G. Compound heterozygous NEK1 variants in two siblings with oral-facial-digital syndrome type II (Mohr syndrome). Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1752-1760. [PMID: 27530628 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndromes comprise a group of related disorders with a combination of oral, facial and digital anomalies. Variants in several ciliary genes have been associated with subtypes of OFD syndrome, yet in most OFD patients the underlying cause remains unknown. We investigated the molecular basis of disease in two brothers with OFD type II, Mohr syndrome, by performing single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array analysis on the brothers and their healthy parents to identify homozygous regions and candidate genes. Subsequently, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on the family. Using WES, we identified compound heterozygous variants c.[464G>C];[1226G>A] in NIMA (Never in Mitosis Gene A)-Related Kinase 1 (NEK1). The novel variant c.464G>C disturbs normal splicing in an essential region of the kinase domain. The nonsense variant c.1226G>A, p.(Trp409*), results in nonsense-associated alternative splicing, removing the first coiled-coil domain of NEK1. Candidate variants were confirmed with Sanger sequencing and alternative splicing assessed with cDNA analysis. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess cilia number and length. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed severely reduced ciliation compared with control fibroblasts (18.0 vs 48.9%, P<0.0001), but showed no significant difference in cilia length. In conclusion, we identified compound heterozygous deleterious variants in NEK1 in two brothers with Mohr syndrome. Ciliation in patient fibroblasts is drastically reduced, consistent with a ciliary defect pathogenesis. Our results establish NEK1 variants involved in the etiology of a subset of patients with OFD syndrome type II and support the consideration of including (routine) NEK1 analysis in patients suspected of OFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen R Monroe
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Fpm Kappen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn F Stokman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulien A Terhal
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanne Mc Savelberg
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars T van der Veken
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jj van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M Lens
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger C Hengeveld
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A Creton
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nard G Janssen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michelle B Ebbeling
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel H Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Regenerative Medicine Center-Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nine V Knoers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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117
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Paige Taylor S, Kunova Bosakova M, Varecha M, Balek L, Barta T, Trantirek L, Jelinkova I, Duran I, Vesela I, Forlenza KN, Martin JH, Hampl A, Bamshad M, Nickerson D, Jaworski ML, Song J, Ko HW, Cohn DH, Krakow D, Krejci P. An inactivating mutation in intestinal cell kinase, ICK, impairs hedgehog signalling and causes short rib-polydactyly syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3998-4011. [PMID: 27466187 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The short rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) are a group of recessively inherited, perinatal-lethal skeletal disorders primarily characterized by short ribs, shortened long bones, varying types of polydactyly and concomitant visceral abnormalities. Mutations in several genes affecting cilia function cause SRPS, revealing a role for cilia function in skeletal development. To identify additional SRPS genes and discover novel ciliary molecules required for normal skeletogenesis, we performed exome sequencing in a cohort of patients and identified homozygosity for a missense mutation, p.E80K, in Intestinal Cell Kinase, ICK, in one SRPS family. The p.E80K mutation abolished serine/threonine kinase activity, resulting in altered ICK subcellular and ciliary localization, increased cilia length, aberrant cartilage growth plate structure, defective Hedgehog and altered ERK signalling. These data identify ICK as an SRPS-associated gene and reveal that abnormalities in signalling pathways contribute to defective skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paige Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Miroslav Varecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Balek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Barta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Trantirek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Department of Human Genetics.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Iva Vesela
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kimberly N Forlenza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Department of Human Genetics.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Department of Human Genetics.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ales Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michael Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deborah Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jieun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 410-820, Korea
| | - Hyuk Wan Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 410-820, Korea
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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118
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Cilia-Associated Genes Play Differing Roles in Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Death in Zebrafish. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:2225-35. [PMID: 27207957 PMCID: PMC4938675 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hair cells possess a single primary cilium, called the kinocilium, early in development. While the kinocilium is lost in auditory hair cells of most species it is maintained in vestibular hair cells. It has generally been believed that the primary role of the kinocilium and cilia-associated genes in hair cells is in the establishment of the polarity of actin-based stereocilia, the hair cell mechanotransduction apparatus. Through genetic screening and testing of candidate genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) we have found that mutations in multiple cilia genes implicated in intraflagellar transport (dync2h1, wdr35, ift88, and traf3ip), and the ciliary transition zone (cc2d2a, mks1, and cep290) lead to resistance to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. These genes appear to have differing roles in hair cells, as mutations in intraflagellar transport genes, but not transition zone genes, lead to defects in kinocilia formation and processes dependent upon hair cell mechanotransduction activity. These mutants highlight a novel role of cilia-associated genes in hair cells, and provide powerful tools for further study.
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119
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Pavey AR, Vilboux T, Babcock HE, Ahronovich M, Solomon BD. X-Linked Candidate Genes for a Ciliopathy-Like Disorder. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:37-42. [PMID: 27194972 DOI: 10.1159/000444666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to interrogate the genome via chromosomal microarray and sequencing-based technologies has accelerated the ability to rapidly and accurately define etiologies as well as new candidate genes related to genetic conditions. We describe a male patient with a lethal presentation of a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome that appeared consistent with a ciliopathy phenotype. The patient was found to have a novel maternally inherited 1.9-Mb X chromosome deletion including 4 known genes. Presently, the biological functions of these genes are not well delineated. However, at least one of these genes may be a promising candidate gene for this pattern of anomalies based on the function of related genes and information from publicly available copy number variant databases of control and affected individuals. These genes would bear further scrutiny in larger cohorts of patients with similar phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Pavey
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md., Washington, D.C., USA; Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Thierry Vilboux
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Holly E Babcock
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Margot Ahronovich
- Fairfax Neonatal Associates, Inova Children's Hospital, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Va., Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va., Washington, D.C., USA
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Wang Z, Iida A, Miyake N, Nishiguchi KM, Fujita K, Nakazawa T, Alswaid A, Albalwi MA, Kim OH, Cho TJ, Lim GY, Isidor B, David A, Rustad CF, Merckoll E, Westvik J, Stattin EL, Grigelioniene G, Kou I, Nakajima M, Ohashi H, Smithson S, Matsumoto N, Nishimura G, Ikegawa S. Axial Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia Is Caused by C21orf2 Mutations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150555. [PMID: 26974433 PMCID: PMC4790905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (axial SMD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by dysplasia of axial skeleton and retinal dystrophy. We conducted whole exome sequencing and identified C21orf2 (chromosome 21 open reading frame 2) as a disease gene for axial SMD. C21orf2 mutations have been recently found to cause isolated retinal degeneration and Jeune syndrome. We found a total of five biallelic C21orf2 mutations in six families out of nine: three missense and two splicing mutations in patients with various ethnic backgrounds. The pathogenic effects of the splicing (splice-site and branch-point) mutations were confirmed on RNA level, which showed complex patterns of abnormal splicing. C21orf2 mutations presented with a wide range of skeletal phenotypes, including cupped and flared anterior ends of ribs, lacy ilia and metaphyseal dysplasia of proximal femora. Analysis of patients without C21orf2 mutation indicated genetic heterogeneity of axial SMD. Functional data in chondrocyte suggest C21orf2 is implicated in cartilage differentiation. C21orf2 protein was localized to the connecting cilium of the cone and rod photoreceptors, confirming its significance in retinal function. Our study indicates that axial SMD is a member of a unique group of ciliopathy affecting skeleton and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Aritoshi Iida
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236–0004, Japan
| | - Koji M. Nishiguchi
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujita
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
- Department of Opthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
| | - Abdulrahman Alswaid
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 22490, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Albalwi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 22490, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, Woorisoa Children's Hospital, Seoul, 08291, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Yeon Lim
- Department of Radiology, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale and INSERM, UMR-S 957, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Albert David
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale and INSERM, UMR-S 957, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Cecilie F. Rustad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Section for Clinical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Else Merckoll
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Jostein Westvik
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Eva-Lena Stattin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Ikuyo Kou
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
| | - Hirohumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children’s Medical Center, Saitama, 339–8551, Japan
| | - Sarah Smithson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St. Michaels Hospital, Bristol, BS2 8EG, United Kingdom
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236–0004, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu, 183–8561, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Loo CKC, Pereira TN, Ramsing M, Vogel I, Petersen OB, Ramm GA. Mechanism of pancreatic and liver malformations in human fetuses with short-rib polydactyly syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:549-62. [PMID: 26970085 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The short-rib polydactyly (SRP) syndromes are rare skeletal dysplasias caused by abnormalities in primary cilia, sometimes associated with visceral malformations. METHODS The pathogenesis of ductal plate malformation (DPM) varies in different syndromes and has not been investigated in SRP. We have studied liver development in five SRP fetuses and pancreatic development in one SRP fetus, with genetically confirmed mutations in cilia related genes, with and without DPMs, using the immunoperoxidase technique, and compared these to other syndromes with DPM. RESULTS Acetylated tubulin expression was abnormal in DPM in SRP, Meckel syndrome, and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), confirming ciliary anomalies. SDF-1 was abnormally expressed in SRP and two of three cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) but not ARPKD or Meckel. Increased density of quiescent hepatic stellate cells was seen in SRP, Meckel, one of three cases of ARPKD, and two of three cases of ADPKD with aberrant hepatocyte expression of keratin 19 in SRP and ADPKD. Immunophenotypic abnormalities were present even in fetal liver without fully developed DPMs. The SRP case with DPM and pancreatic malformations showed abnormalities in the pancreatic head (influenced by mesenchyme from the septum transversum, similar to liver) but not pancreatic body (influenced by mesenchyme adjacent to the notochord). CONCLUSION In SRP, there are differentiation defects of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and liver mesenchyme and, in rare cases, pancreatic mesenchymal anomalies. The morphological changes were subtle in early gestation but immunophenotypic abnormalities were present. Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions may contribute to the malformations. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:549-562, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine K C Loo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology SEALS, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (formerly: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.).,Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - Tamara N Pereira
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mette Ramsing
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Olav B Petersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Yadav SP, Sharma NK, Liu C, Dong L, Li T, Swaroop A. Centrosomal protein CP110 controls maturation of the mother centriole during cilia biogenesis. Development 2016; 143:1491-501. [PMID: 26965371 PMCID: PMC4909859 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Defects in cilia centrosomal genes cause pleiotropic clinical phenotypes, collectively called ciliopathies. Cilia biogenesis is initiated by the interaction of positive and negative regulators. Centriolar coiled coil protein 110 (CP110) caps the distal end of the mother centriole and is known to act as a suppressor to control the timing of ciliogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that CP110 promotes cilia formation in vivo, in contrast to findings in cultured cells. Cp110−/− mice die shortly after birth owing to organogenesis defects as in ciliopathies. Shh signaling is impaired in null embryos and primary cilia are reduced in multiple tissues. We show that CP110 is required for anchoring of basal bodies to the membrane during cilia formation. CP110 loss resulted in an abnormal distribution of core components of subdistal appendages (SDAs) and of recycling endosomes, which may be associated with premature extension of axonemal microtubules. Our data implicate CP110 in SDA assembly and ciliary vesicle docking, two requisite early steps in cilia formation. We suggest that CP110 has unique context-dependent functions, acting as both a suppressor and a promoter of ciliogenesis. Highlighted article: CP110 promotes the assembly of subdistal appendages and ciliary vesicle docking during cilia formation in vivo, thereby facilitating mammalian organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Prasad Yadav
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neel Kamal Sharma
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chunqiao Liu
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lijin Dong
- Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiansen Li
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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New mutations in DYNC2H1 and WDR60 genes revealed by whole-exome sequencing in two unrelated Sardinian families with Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:172-80. [PMID: 26874042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD; Jeune syndrome, MIM 208500) is a rare autosomal recessive chondrodysplasia, phenotypically overlapping with short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS). JATD typical hallmarks include skeletal abnormalities such as narrow chest, shortened ribs, limbs shortened bones, extra fingers and toes (polydactyly), as well as extraskeletal manifestations (renal, liver and retinal disease). To date, disease-causing mutations have been found in several genes, highlighting a marked genetic heterogeneity that prevents a molecular diagnosis of the disease in most families. Here, we report the results of whole-exome sequencing (WES) carried out in four JATD cases, belonging to three unrelated families of Sardinian origin. The exome analysis allowed to identify mutations not previously reported in the DYNC2H1 (MIM 603297) and WDR60 (MIM 615462) genes, both codifying for ciliary intraflagellar transport components whose mutations are known to cause Jeune syndrome.
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124
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Schaefer E, Stoetzel C, Scheidecker S, Geoffroy V, Prasad MK, Redin C, Missotte I, Lacombe D, Mandel JL, Muller J, Dollfus H. Identification of a novel mutation confirms the implication of IFT172 (BBS20) in Bardet-Biedl syndrome. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:447-50. [PMID: 26763875 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS; MIM 209900) is a recessive heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), postaxial polydactyly, obesity, hypogonadism, cognitive impairment and kidney dysfunction. So far, 20 BBS genes have been identified, with the last reported ones being found in one or very few families. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a consanguineous family in which two affected children presented typical BBS features (retinitis pigmentosa, postaxial polydactyly, obesity, hypogonadism and cognitive impairment) without any mutation identified in known BBS genes at the time of the study. We identified a homozygous splice-site mutation (NM_015662.2: c.4428+3A>G) in both affected siblings in the last reported BBS gene, namely, Intraflagellar Transport 172 Homolog (IFT172). Familial mutation segregation was consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. IFT172 mutations were initially reported in Jeune and Mainzer-Saldino syndromes. Recently, mutations have also been found in isolated RP and Bardet-Biedl-like ciliopathy. This is the second report of IFT172 mutations in BBS patients validating IFT172 as the twentieth BBS gene (BBS20). Moreover, another IFT gene, IFT27, was already associated with BBS, confirming the implication of IFT genes in the pathogenesis of BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Schaefer
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, INSERM U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, INSERM U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Scheidecker
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, INSERM U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, INSERM U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Megana K Prasad
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, INSERM U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Redin
- Département de Médecine translationnelle et Neurogénétique, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Missotte
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Hôpital de Magenta, Nouméa, New Caledonia New Caledonia
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Département de Médecine translationnelle et Neurogénétique, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Chaire de Génétique Humaine, Collège de France, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, INSERM U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, INSERM U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Smith C, Lamont RE, Wade A, Bernier FP, Parboosingh JS, Innes AM. A relatively mild skeletal ciliopathy phenotype consistent with cranioectodermal dysplasia is associated with a homozygous nonsynonymous mutation in WDR35. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170:760-5. [PMID: 26691894 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a class of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by deficits of the primary cilium, an important organelle for cellular signaling and development. Here we report on a patient from a consanguineous family presenting with renal cysts, short stature, distinctive facial features, missing teeth, brachydactyly, narrow chest, and abnormal ribs. His phenotype resembled a skeletal ciliopathy and the initial clinical differential diagnosis included Jeune thoracic dystrophy and cranioectodermal dysplasia. Due to the presence of parental consanguinity, a homozygous recessive mutation was the suspected cause and homozygosity mapping was used to direct candidate gene sequencing. WDR35, an intraflagellar transport protein previously associated with cranioectodermal dysplasia, the more severe short rib polydactyly syndrome type V and recently Ellis van Creveld syndrome, is present within a region of homozygosity and sequencing of all coding exons identified a novel homozygous nonsynonymous variant, p.Trp1153Cys. This variant affects a highly conserved tryptophan residue, is predicted to be deleterious, and is the most distal mutation yet reported in WDR35. This case expands the spectrum of phenotypes caused by WDR35 mutations, which we review herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Smith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan E Lamont
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Albeta, Canada
| | - Andrew Wade
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Francois P Bernier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Albeta, Canada
| | - Jillian S Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Albeta, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Albeta, Canada
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126
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Suratanee A, Plaimas K. DDA: A Novel Network-Based Scoring Method to Identify Disease-Disease Associations. Bioinform Biol Insights 2015; 9:175-86. [PMID: 26673408 PMCID: PMC4674013 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s35237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Categorizing human diseases provides higher efficiency and accuracy for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Disease–disease association (DDA) is a precious information that indicates the large-scale structure of complex relationships of diseases. However, the number of known and reliable associations is very small. Therefore, identification of DDAs is a challenging task in systems biology and medicine. Here, we developed a novel network-based scoring algorithm called DDA to identify the relationships between diseases in a large-scale study. Our method is developed based on a random walk prioritization in a protein–protein interaction network. This approach considers not only whether two diseases directly share associated genes but also the statistical relationships between two different diseases using known disease-related genes. Predicted associations were validated by known DDAs from a database and literature supports. The method yielded a good performance with an area under the curve of 71% and outperformed other standard association indices. Furthermore, novel DDAs and relationships among diseases from the clusters analysis were reported. This method is efficient to identify disease–disease relationships on an interaction network and can also be generalized to other association studies to further enhance knowledge in medical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichat Suratanee
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitiporn Plaimas
- Integrative Bioinformatics and System Biology Group, Advanced Virtual and Intelligent Computing (AVIC) Research Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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127
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Lechtreck KF. IFT-Cargo Interactions and Protein Transport in Cilia. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:765-778. [PMID: 26498262 PMCID: PMC4661101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The motile and sensory functions of cilia and flagella are indispensable for human health. Cilia assembly requires a dedicated protein shuttle, intraflagellar transport (IFT), a bidirectional motility of multi-megadalton protein arrays along ciliary microtubules. IFT functions as a protein carrier delivering hundreds of distinct proteins into growing cilia. IFT-based protein import and export continue in fully grown cilia and are required for ciliary maintenance and sensing. Large ciliary building blocks might depend on IFT to move through the transition zone, which functions as a ciliary gate. Smaller, freely diffusing proteins, such as tubulin, depend on IFT to be concentrated or removed from cilia. As I discuss here, recent work provides insights into how IFT interacts with its cargoes and how the transport is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl F Lechtreck
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, 635C Biological Science Building, 1000 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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128
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Genetic Defects in TAPT1 Disrupt Ciliogenesis and Cause a Complex Lethal Osteochondrodysplasia. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:521-34. [PMID: 26365339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved transmembrane anterior posterior transformation 1 protein, encoded by TAPT1, is involved in murine axial skeletal patterning, but its cellular function remains unknown. Our study demonstrates that TAPT1 mutations underlie a complex congenital syndrome, showing clinical overlap between lethal skeletal dysplasias and ciliopathies. This syndrome is characterized by fetal lethality, severe hypomineralization of the entire skeleton and intra-uterine fractures, and multiple congenital developmental anomalies affecting the brain, lungs, and kidneys. We establish that wild-type TAPT1 localizes to the centrosome and/or ciliary basal body, whereas defective TAPT1 mislocalizes to the cytoplasm and disrupts Golgi morphology and trafficking and normal primary cilium formation. Knockdown of tapt1b in zebrafish induces severe craniofacial cartilage malformations and delayed ossification, which is shown to be associated with aberrant differentiation of cranial neural crest cells.
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129
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Balmer S, Dussert A, Collu GM, Benitez E, Iomini C, Mlodzik M. Components of Intraflagellar Transport Complex A Function Independently of the Cilium to Regulate Canonical Wnt Signaling in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2015; 34:705-18. [PMID: 26364750 PMCID: PMC4610147 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms requires the precisely coordinated regulation of an evolutionarily conserved group of signaling pathways. Temporal and spatial control of these signaling cascades is achieved through networks of regulatory proteins, segregation of pathway components in specific subcellular compartments, or both. In vertebrates, dysregulation of primary cilia function has been strongly linked to developmental signaling defects, yet it remains unclear whether cilia sequester pathway components to regulate their activation or cilia-associated proteins directly modulate developmental signaling events. To elucidate this question, we conducted an RNAi-based screen in Drosophila non-ciliated cells to test for cilium-independent loss-of-function phenotypes of ciliary proteins in developmental signaling pathways. Our results show no effect on Hedgehog signaling. In contrast, our screen identified several cilia-associated proteins as functioning in canonical Wnt signaling. Further characterization of specific components of Intraflagellar Transport complex A uncovered a cilia-independent function in potentiating Wnt signals by promoting β-catenin/Armadillo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Balmer
- Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aurore Dussert
- Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Giovanna M Collu
- Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elvira Benitez
- Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carlo Iomini
- Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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130
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Anesthetic Approach for a Patient with Jeune Syndrome. Case Rep Anesthesiol 2015; 2015:509196. [PMID: 26366306 PMCID: PMC4561095 DOI: 10.1155/2015/509196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jeune syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive disease also known as asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. A narrow bell-shaped thoracic wall and short extremities are the most typical features of the syndrome. Prognosis in JS depends on the severity of the pulmonary hypoplasia caused by the chest wall deformity. Most patient deaths are due to respiratory problems at early ages. Herein, we report a case of JS patient, who was scheduled for femoral extension under general anesthesia. The severity of respiratory problems in JS patients is thought to diminish with age. Our case supported this theory, and we managed the anesthetic process uneventfully.
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Perrault I, Halbritter J, Porath JD, Gérard X, Braun DA, Gee HY, Fathy HM, Saunier S, Cormier-Daire V, Thomas S, Attié-Bitach T, Boddaert N, Taschner M, Schueler M, Lorentzen E, Lifton RP, Lawson JA, Garfa-Traore M, Otto EA, Bastin P, Caillaud C, Kaplan J, Rozet JM, Hildebrandt F. IFT81, encoding an IFT-B core protein, as a very rare cause of a ciliopathy phenotype. J Med Genet 2015; 52:657-65. [PMID: 26275418 PMCID: PMC4621372 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Bidirectional intraflagellar transport (IFT) consists of two major protein complexes, IFT-A and IFT-B. In contrast to the IFT-B complex, all components of IFT-A have recently been linked to human ciliopathies when defective. We therefore hypothesised that mutations in additional IFT-B encoding genes can be found in patients with multisystemic ciliopathies. Methods We screened 1628 individuals with reno-ocular ciliopathies by targeted next-generation sequencing of ciliary candidate genes, including all IFT-B encoding genes. Results Consequently, we identified a homozygous mutation in IFT81 affecting an obligatory donor splice site in an individual with nephronophthisis and polydactyly. Further, we detected a loss-of-stop mutation with extension of the deduced protein by 10 amino acids in an individual with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-1. This proband presented with retinal dystrophy and brain lesions including cerebellar atrophy, a phenotype to which the IFT81 variant might contribute. Cultured fibroblasts of this latter affected individual showed a significant decrease in ciliated cell abundance compared with controls and increased expression of the transcription factor GLI2 suggesting deranged sonic hedgehog signalling. Conclusions This work describes identification of mutations of IFT81 in individuals with symptoms consistent with the clinical spectrum of ciliopathies. It might represent the rare case of a core IFT-B complex protein found associated with human disease. Our data further suggest that defects in the IFT-B core are an exceedingly rare finding, probably due to its indispensable role for ciliary assembly in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Perrault
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D Porath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xavier Gérard
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanan M Fathy
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1163, Molecular bases of hereditary kidney diseases, Nephronophthisis and Hypodysplasia, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1163, Molecular and Physiopathological bases of osteochondrodysplasia, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1163, Embryology and genetics of human malformation, Paris, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1163, Embryology and genetics of human malformation, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Michael Taschner
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Schueler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lawson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meriem Garfa-Traore
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France INSERM UMR 1163, Cell imaging platform, Paris, France
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur and CNRS, URA 2581, Paris, France
| | | | - Josseline Kaplan
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Rozet
- Laboratory of Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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Alby C, Piquand K, Huber C, Megarbané A, Ichkou A, Legendre M, Pelluard F, Encha-Ravazi F, Abi-Tayeh G, Bessières B, El Chehadeh-Djebbar S, Laurent N, Faivre L, Sztriha L, Zombor M, Szabó H, Failler M, Garfa-Traore M, Bole C, Nitschké P, Nizon M, Elkhartoufi N, Clerget-Darpoux F, Munnich A, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M, Saunier S, Cormier-Daire V, Attié-Bitach T, Thomas S. Mutations in KIAA0586 Cause Lethal Ciliopathies Ranging from a Hydrolethalus Phenotype to Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:311-8. [PMID: 26166481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KIAA0586, the human ortholog of chicken TALPID3, is a centrosomal protein that is essential for primary ciliogenesis. Its disruption in animal models causes defects attributed to abnormal hedgehog signaling; these defects include polydactyly and abnormal dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube. Here, we report homozygous mutations of KIAA0586 in four families affected by lethal ciliopathies ranging from a hydrolethalus phenotype to short-rib polydactyly. We show defective ciliogenesis, as well as abnormal response to SHH-signaling activation in cells derived from affected individuals, consistent with a role of KIAA0586 in primary cilia biogenesis. Whereas centriolar maturation seemed unaffected in mutant cells, we observed an abnormal extended pattern of CEP290, a centriolar satellite protein previously associated with ciliopathies. Our data show the crucial role of KIAA0586 in human primary ciliogenesis and subsequent abnormal hedgehog signaling through abnormal GLI3 processing. Our results thus establish that KIAA0586 mutations cause lethal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Alby
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Piquand
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Huber
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - André Megarbané
- Medical Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Rue de Damas, BP 175208, Mar Mikhaël, Beyrouth 1104, Lebanon
| | - Amale Ichkou
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marine Legendre
- Department of Genetics, Poitiers University Hospital, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Fanny Pelluard
- Unité de Pathologie Fœtoplacentaire, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Ferechté Encha-Ravazi
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Georges Abi-Tayeh
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôtel-Dieu de France, BP 166830, Achrafieh, Beyrouth 1100, Lebanon
| | - Bettina Bessières
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Nicole Laurent
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement EA4271, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Génétique et Anomalies du Développement EA4271, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - László Sztriha
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Zombor
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Szabó
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marion Failler
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Meriem Garfa-Traore
- Cell Imaging Platform, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole
- Genomic Core Facility, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Elkhartoufi
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Clerget-Darpoux
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michel Vekemans
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thomas
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
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Okamoto T, Nagaya K, Kawata Y, Asai H, Tsuchida E, Nohara F, Okajima K, Azuma H. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in DYNC2H1 in a patient with severe short-rib polydactyly syndrome type III phenotype. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2015; 55:155-7. [PMID: 25410398 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Short-rib polydactyly syndrome type III is an autosomal recessive lethal skeletal ciliopathy, which is phenotypically similar to nonlethal asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Mutations in DYNC2H1 have been identified in both of these disorders, indicating that they are variants of a single disorder. However, short-rib polydactyly syndrome type III is the more severe variant. Here, we report novel compound heterozygous mutations in DYNC2H1 (p.E1894fsX10 and p.R3004C) in a patient with typical short-rib polydactyly syndrome type III phenotype. R3004 is located within the microtubule-binding domain of DYNC2H1, and its substitution is predicted to disrupt the interaction with microtubules. Considering the severe phenotype of our patient, our findings suggest that R3004 may be a key residue for the microtubule-binding affinity of dynein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ken Nagaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yumi Kawata
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroko Asai
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Etsushi Tsuchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fumikatsu Nohara
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Azuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Cortés CR, Metzis V, Wicking C. Unmasking the ciliopathies: craniofacial defects and the primary cilium. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:637-53. [PMID: 26173831 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the primary cilium has emerged as a pivotal sensory organelle that acts as a major signaling hub for a number of developmental signaling pathways. In that time, a vast number of proteins involved in trafficking and signaling have been linked to ciliary assembly and/or function, demonstrating the importance of this organelle during embryonic development. Given the central role of the primary cilium in regulating developmental signaling, it is not surprising that its dysfunction results in widespread defects in the embryo, leading to an expanding class of human congenital disorders known as ciliopathies. These disorders are individually rare and phenotypically variable, but together they affect virtually every vertebrate organ system. Features of ciliopathies that are often overlooked, but which are being reported with increasing frequency, are craniofacial abnormalities, ranging from subtle midline defects to full-blown orofacial clefting. The challenge moving forward is to understand the primary mechanism of disease given the link between the primary cilium and a number of developmental signaling pathways (such as hedgehog, platelet-derived growth factor, and WNT signaling) that are essential for craniofacial development. Here, we provide an overview of the diversity of craniofacial abnormalities present in the ciliopathy spectrum, and reveal those defects in common across multiple disorders. Further, we discuss the molecular defects and potential signaling perturbations underlying these anomalies. This provides insight into the mechanisms leading to ciliopathy phenotypes more generally and highlights the prevalence of widespread dysmorphologies resulting from cilia dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio R Cortés
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vicki Metzis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carol Wicking
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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An siRNA-based functional genomics screen for the identification of regulators of ciliogenesis and ciliopathy genes. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1074-1087. [PMID: 26167768 PMCID: PMC4536769 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defects in primary cilium biogenesis underlie the ciliopathies, a growing group of genetic disorders. We describe a whole genome siRNA-based reverse genetics screen for defects in biogenesis and/or maintenance of the primary cilium, obtaining a global resource. We identify 112 candidate ciliogenesis and ciliopathy genes, including 44 components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, 12 G-protein-coupled receptors, and three pre-mRNA processing factors (PRPF6, PRPF8 and PRPF31) mutated in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. The PRPFs localise to the connecting cilium, and PRPF8- and PRPF31-mutated cells have ciliary defects. Combining the screen with exome sequencing data identified recessive mutations in PIBF1/CEP90 and C21orf2/LRRC76 as causes of the ciliopathies Joubert and Jeune syndromes. Biochemical approaches place C21orf2 within key ciliopathy-associated protein modules, offering an explanation for the skeletal and retinal involvement observed in individuals with C21orf2-variants. Our global, unbiased approaches provide insights into ciliogenesis complexity and identify roles for unanticipated pathways in human genetic disease.
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Kessler K, Wunderlich I, Uebe S, Falk NS, Gießl A, Brandstätter JH, Popp B, Klinger P, Ekici AB, Sticht H, Dörr HG, Reis A, Roepman R, Seemanová E, Thiel CT. DYNC2LI1 mutations broaden the clinical spectrum of dynein-2 defects. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11649. [PMID: 26130459 PMCID: PMC4486972 DOI: 10.1038/srep11649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal ciliopathies are a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive osteochondrodysplasias caused by defects in formation, maintenance and function of the primary cilium. Mutations in the underlying genes affect the molecular motors, intraflagellar transport complexes (IFT), or the basal body. The more severe phenotypes are caused by defects of genes of the dynein-2 complex, where mutations in DYNC2H1, WDR34 and WDR60 have been identified. In a patient with a Jeune-like phenotype we performed exome sequencing and identified compound heterozygous missense and nonsense mutations in DYNC2LI1 segregating with the phenotype. DYNC2LI1 is ubiquitously expressed and interacts with DYNC2H1 to form the dynein-2 complex important for retrograde IFT. Using DYNC2LI1 siRNA knockdown in fibroblasts we identified a significantly reduced cilia length proposed to affect cilia function. In addition, depletion of DYNC2LI1 induced altered cilia morphology with broadened ciliary tips and accumulation of IFT-B complex proteins in accordance with retrograde IFT defects. Our results expand the clinical spectrum of ciliopathies caused by defects of the dynein-2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kessler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Wunderlich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathalie S Falk
- Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patricia Klinger
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmuth-Günther Dörr
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eva Seemanová
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christian T Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Yuan X, Yang S. Deletion of IFT80 Impairs Epiphyseal and Articular Cartilage Formation Due to Disruption of Chondrocyte Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130618. [PMID: 26098911 PMCID: PMC4476593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport proteins (IFT) play important roles in cilia formation and organ development. Partial loss of IFT80 function leads Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD) or short-rib polydactyly (SRP) syndrome type III, displaying narrow thoracic cavity and multiple cartilage anomalies. However, it is unknown how IFT80 regulates cartilage formation. To define the role and mechanism of IFT80 in chondrocyte function and cartilage formation, we generated a Col2α1; IFT80f/f mouse model by crossing IFT80f/f mice with inducible Col2α1-CreER mice, and deleted IFT80 in chondrocyte lineage by injection of tamoxifen into the mice in embryonic or postnatal stage. Loss of IFT80 in the embryonic stage resulted in short limbs at birth. Histological studies showed that IFT80-deficient mice have shortened cartilage with marked changes in cellular morphology and organization in the resting, proliferative, pre-hypertrophic, and hypertrophic zones. Moreover, deletion of IFT80 in the postnatal stage led to mouse stunted growth with shortened growth plate but thickened articular cartilage. Defects of ciliogenesis were found in the cartilage of IFT80-deficient mice and primary IFT80-deficient chondrocytes. Further study showed that chondrogenic differentiation was significantly inhibited in IFT80-deficient mice due to reduced hedgehog (Hh) signaling and increased Wnt signaling activities. These findings demonstrate that loss of IFT80 blocks chondrocyte differentiation by disruption of ciliogenesis and alteration of Hh and Wnt signaling transduction, which in turn alters epiphyseal and articular cartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yuan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
- Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
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138
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Fisher MM, Cabrera SM, Imel EA. Successful treatment of neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism with cinacalcet in two patients. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2015; 2015:150040. [PMID: 26161261 PMCID: PMC4496565 DOI: 10.1530/edm-15-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) is a rare disorder caused by inactivating calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) mutations that result in life-threatening hypercalcemia and metabolic bone disease. Until recently, therapy has been surgical parathyroidectomy. Three previous case reports have shown successful medical management of NSHPT with cinacalcet. Here we present the detailed description of two unrelated patients with NSHPT due to heterozygous R185Q CASR mutations. Patient 1 was diagnosed at 11 months of age and had developmental delays, dysphagia, bell-shaped chest, and periosteal bone reactions. Patient 2 was diagnosed at 1 month of age and had failure to thrive, osteopenia, and multiple rib fractures. Cinacalcet was initiated at 13 months of age in patient 1, and at 4 months of age in patient 2. We have successfully normalized their parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels. Despite the continuance of mild hypercalcemia (11–12 mg/dl), both patients showed no hypercalcemic symptoms. Importantly, patient 1 had improved neurodevelopment and patient 2 never experienced any developmental delays after starting cinacalcet. Neither experienced fractures after starting cinacalcet. Both have been successfully managed long-term without any significant adverse events. These cases expand the current literature of cinacalcet use in NSHPT to five successful reported cases. We propose that cinacalcet may be considered as an option for treating the severe hypercalcemia and metabolic bone disease found in infants and children with inactivating CASR disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Fisher
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5960, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46220 , USA
| | - Susanne M Cabrera
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin , 9000 W. Wisconsin Avenue, PO Box 1997, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201 , USA
| | - Erik A Imel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine , 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5960, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46220 , USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , 541 North Clinical Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202 , USA
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139
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TCTEX1D2 mutations underlie Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy with impaired retrograde intraflagellar transport. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7074. [PMID: 26044572 PMCID: PMC4468853 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of individuals with ciliary chondrodysplasias can shed light on sensitive mechanisms controlling ciliogenesis and cell signalling that are essential to embryonic development and survival. Here we identify TCTEX1D2 mutations causing Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy with partially penetrant inheritance. Loss of TCTEX1D2 impairs retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) in humans and the protist Chlamydomonas, accompanied by destabilization of the retrograde IFT dynein motor. We thus define TCTEX1D2 as an integral component of the evolutionarily conserved retrograde IFT machinery. In complex with several IFT dynein light chains, it is required for correct vertebrate skeletal formation but may be functionally redundant under certain conditions. Severe congenital development defects such as Jeune syndrome can result from the malfunction of primary cilia and dynein. Here Schmidts et al. report unique biallelic null mutations in a gene encoding a dynein light chain, helping to explain the nature of ciliopathies in human patients.
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140
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Li Y, Garrod AS, Madan-Khetarpal S, Sreedher G, McGuire M, Yagi H, Klena NT, Gabriel GC, Khalifa O, Zahid M, Panigrahy A, Weiner DJ, Lo CW. Respiratory motile cilia dysfunction in a patient with cranioectodermal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2188-96. [PMID: 25914204 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies such as cranioectodermal dysplasia, Sensenbrenner syndrome, short-rib polydactyly, and Jeune syndrome are associated with respiratory complications arising from rib cage dysplasia. While such ciliopathies have been demonstrated to involve primary cilia defects, we show motile cilia dysfunction in the airway of a patient diagnosed with cranioectodermal dysplasia. While this patient had mild thoracic dystrophy not requiring surgical treatment, there was nevertheless newborn respiratory distress, restrictive airway disease with possible obstructive airway involvement, repeated respiratory infections, and atelectasis. High-resolution videomicroscopy of nasal epithelial biopsy showed immotile/dyskinetic cilia and nasal nitric oxide was reduced, both of which are characteristics of primary ciliary dyskinesia, a sinopulmonary disease associated with mucociliary clearance defects due to motile cilia dysfunction in the airway. Exome sequencing analysis of this patient identified compound heterozygous mutations in WDR35, but no mutations in any of the 30 known primary ciliary dyskinesia genes or other cilia-related genes. Given that WDR35 is only known to be required for primary cilia function, we carried out WDR35 siRNA knockdown in human respiratory epithelia to assess the role of WDR35 in motile cilia function. This showed WDR35 deficiency disrupted ciliogenesis in the airway, indicating WDR35 is also required for formation of motile cilia. Together, these findings suggest patients with WDR35 mutations have an airway mucociliary clearance defect masked by their restrictive airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea S Garrod
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gayathri Sreedher
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marianne McGuire
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hisato Yagi
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikolai T Klena
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Maliha Zahid
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Weiner
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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141
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Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias result from disruptions in normal skeletal growth and development and are a major contributor to severe short stature. They occur in approximately 1/5,000 births, and some are lethal. Since the most recent publication of the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders, genetic causes of 56 skeletal disorders have been uncovered. This remarkable rate of discovery is largely due to the expanded use of high-throughput genomic technologies. In this review, we discuss these recent discoveries and our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind these skeletal dysplasia phenotypes. We also cover potential therapies, unusual genetic mechanisms, and novel skeletal syndromes both with and without known genetic causes. The acceleration of skeletal dysplasia genetics is truly spectacular, and these advances hold great promise for diagnostics, risk prediction, and therapeutic design.
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142
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and is one of the most common genetic disorders causing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children and adolescents. NPHP is a genetically heterogenous disorder with 20 identified genes. NPHP occurs as an isolated kidney disease, but approximately 15% of NPHP patients have additional extrarenal symptoms affecting other organs [e.g. eyes, liver, bones and central nervous system (CNS)]. The pleiotropy in NPHP is explained by the finding that almost all NPHP gene products share expression in primary cilia, a sensory organelle present in most mammalian cells. If extrarenal symptoms are present in addition to NPHP, these disorders are classified as NPHP-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC). This review provides an update about recent advances in the field of NPHP-RC. RECENT FINDINGS The identification of novel disease-causing genes has improved our understanding of the pathomechanisms contributing to NPHP-RC. Multiple interactions between different NPHP-RC gene products have been published and outline the interconnectivity of the affected proteins and shared pathways. SUMMARY The significance of recently identified genes for NPHP-RC is discussed and the complex role and interaction of NPHP proteins in ciliary function and cellular signalling pathways is highlighted.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Child
- Cilia/pathology
- Cilia/physiology
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- Genes, Recessive
- Humans
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/complications
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/congenital
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/pathology
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mutation/genetics
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T F Wolf
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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143
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Yan JL, Zhou J, Ma HP, Ma XN, Gao YH, Shi WG, Fang QQ, Ren Q, Xian CJ, Chen KM. Pulsed electromagnetic fields promote osteoblast mineralization and maturation needing the existence of primary cilia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 404:132-40. [PMID: 25661534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been approved as a therapy for osteoporosis, action mechanisms and optimal parameters are elusive. To determine the optimal intensity, exposure effects of 50 Hz PEMFs of 0.6-3.6 mT (0.6 interval at 90 min/day) were investigated on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cultured calvarial osteoblasts. All intensity groups stimulated proliferation significantly with the highest effect at 0.6 mT. The 0.6 mT group also obtained the optimal osteogenic effect as demonstrated by the highest ALP activity, ALP(+) CFU-f colony formation, nodule mineralization, and expression of COL-1 and BMP-2. To verify our hypothesis that the primary cilia are the cellular sensors for PEMFs, osteoblasts were also transfected with IFT88 siRNA or scrambled control, and osteogenesis-promoting effects of 0.6 mT PEMFs were found abrogated when primary cilia were inhibited by IFT88 siRNA. Thus primary cilia of osteoblasts play an indispensable role in mediating PEMF osteogenic effect in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Li Yan
- Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Hui-Ping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Ma
- Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yu-Hai Gao
- Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wen-Gui Shi
- Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Qing-Qing Fang
- Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics,Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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144
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McInerney-Leo A, Harris J, Leo P, Marshall M, Gardiner B, Kinning E, Leong H, McKenzie F, Ong W, Vodopiutz J, Wicking C, Brown M, Zankl A, Duncan E. Whole exome sequencing is an efficient, sensitive and specific method for determining the genetic cause of short-rib thoracic dystrophies. Clin Genet 2015; 88:550-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. McInerney-Leo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
| | - J.E. Harris
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
| | - P.J. Leo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
| | - M.S. Marshall
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
| | - B. Gardiner
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
| | - E. Kinning
- West of Scotland Genetics Service; Southern General Hospital; Glasgow G51 4TF UK
| | - H.Y. Leong
- Genetics Department; Hospital Kuala Lumpur; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - F. McKenzie
- Genetic Services of Western Australia; Subiaco WA 6008 Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - W.P. Ong
- Genetics Department; Hospital Kuala Lumpur; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - J. Vodopiutz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna; A-1090 Vienna Waehringerguertel 18-20 Vienna Austria
| | - C. Wicking
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - M.A. Brown
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
| | - A. Zankl
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics; Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead); Sydney Australia
| | - E.L. Duncan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, James Mayne Building; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Butterfield Road Herston QLD 4029 Australia
- The University of Queensland, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research; Herston QLD 4029 Australia
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145
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Priedigkeit N, Wolfe N, Clark NL. Evolutionary signatures amongst disease genes permit novel methods for gene prioritization and construction of informative gene-based networks. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004967. [PMID: 25679399 PMCID: PMC4334549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes involved in the same function tend to have similar evolutionary histories, in that their rates of evolution covary over time. This coevolutionary signature, termed Evolutionary Rate Covariation (ERC), is calculated using only gene sequences from a set of closely related species and has demonstrated potential as a computational tool for inferring functional relationships between genes. To further define applications of ERC, we first established that roughly 55% of genetic diseases posses an ERC signature between their contributing genes. At a false discovery rate of 5% we report 40 such diseases including cancers, developmental disorders and mitochondrial diseases. Given these coevolutionary signatures between disease genes, we then assessed ERC's ability to prioritize known disease genes out of a list of unrelated candidates. We found that in the presence of an ERC signature, the true disease gene is effectively prioritized to the top 6% of candidates on average. We then apply this strategy to a melanoma-associated region on chromosome 1 and identify MCL1 as a potential causative gene. Furthermore, to gain global insight into disease mechanisms, we used ERC to predict molecular connections between 310 nominally distinct diseases. The resulting “disease map” network associates several diseases with related pathogenic mechanisms and unveils many novel relationships between clinically distinct diseases, such as between Hirschsprung's disease and melanoma. Taken together, these results demonstrate the utility of molecular evolution as a gene discovery platform and show that evolutionary signatures can be used to build informative gene-based networks. Molecular evolution has informed our understanding of gene function; however, classical methods have largely been static in their implementation, focusing on single genes. Here, we present and prove the utility of a dynamic, network-based understanding of molecular evolution to infer relationships between genes associated with human diseases. We have shown previously that groups of genes within functional niches tend to share similar evolutionary histories. Exploiting the availability of whole genomes from multiple species, these histories can be numerically scored and dynamically compared to one another using a sequence-based signature termed Evolutionary Rate Covariation (ERC). To explore potential applications, we characterized ERC amongst disease genes and found that many diseases contain significant ERC signatures between their contributing genes. We show that ERC can also prioritize “true” disease genes amongst unrelated gene candidates. Lastly, these signatures can serve as a foundation for creating instructive gene-based networks, unveiling novel relationships between diseases thought to be clinically distinct. Our hope is that this study will add to the increasing evidence that advancing our understanding of molecular evolution can be a crucial asset in large-scale gene discovery pursuits (Link to our webserver that provides intuitive ERC analysis tools: http://csb.pitt.edu/erc_analysis/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Priedigkeit
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Wolfe
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nathan L. Clark
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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146
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Chung EM, Conran RM, Schroeder JW, Rohena-Quinquilla IR, Rooks VJ. From the radiologic pathology archives: pediatric polycystic kidney disease and other ciliopathies: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2015; 34:155-78. [PMID: 24428289 DOI: 10.1148/rg.341135179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic defects of cilia cause a wide range of diseases, collectively known as ciliopathies. Primary, or nonmotile, cilia function as sensory organelles involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and homeostasis. Cilia are present in nearly every cell in the body and mutations of genes encoding ciliary proteins affect multiple organs, including the kidneys, liver, pancreas, retina, central nervous system (CNS), and skeletal system. Genetic mutations causing ciliary dysfunction result in a large number of heterogeneous phenotypes that can manifest with a variety of overlapping abnormalities in multiple organ systems. Renal manifestations of ciliopathies are the most common abnormalities and include collecting duct dilatation and cyst formation in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), cyst formation anywhere in the nephron in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in nephronophthisis, as well as in several CNS and skeletal malformation syndromes. Hepatic disease is another common manifestation of ciliopathies, ranging from duct dilatation and cyst formation in ARPKD and ADPKD to periportal fibrosis in ARPKD and several malformation syndromes. The unifying molecular pathogenesis of this emerging class of disorders explains the overlap of abnormalities in disparate organ systems and links diseases of widely varied clinical features. It is important for radiologists to be able to recognize the multisystem manifestations of these syndromes, as imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and follow-up of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Chung
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (E.M.C.) and Department of Pathology (R.M.C.), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814; Pediatric Radiology Section, American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (E.M.C.); Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md (J.W.S., I.R.R.Q.); and Department of Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (V.J.R.)
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147
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Okiro P, Wainwright H, Spranger J, Beighton P. Autopsy observations in lethal short-rib polydactyly syndromes. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2015; 18:40-8. [PMID: 25437139 DOI: 10.2350/14-05-1496-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The short rib-polydactyly syndromes are a heterogeneous group of lethal autosomal recessive disorders (SRP I-IV), which result from cellular ciliary dysfunction during embryogenesis. Diagnosis is conventionally based on radiographic imaging. Since 1976, postmortem investigations of 5 affected fetuses or stillbirths have been undertaken and the visceral abnormalities have been documented. These anomalies are discussed in the context of prenatal differential diagnosis and prognostication following imaging in pregnancy and at autopsy following miscarriage or stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Okiro
- 1 Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
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148
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Gholkar AA, Senese S, Lo YC, Capri J, Deardorff WJ, Dharmarajan H, Contreras E, Hodara E, Whitelegge JP, Jackson PK, Torres JZ. Tctex1d2 associates with short-rib polydactyly syndrome proteins and is required for ciliogenesis. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:1116-25. [PMID: 25830415 PMCID: PMC4614626 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.985066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) arise from mutations in genes involved in retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) and basal body homeostasis, which are critical for cilia assembly and function. Recently, mutations in WDR34 or WDR60 (candidate dynein intermediate chains) were identified in SRPS. We have identified and characterized Tctex1d2, which associates with Wdr34, Wdr60 and other dynein complex 1 and 2 subunits. Tctex1d2 and Wdr60 localize to the base of the cilium and their depletion causes defects in ciliogenesis. We propose that Tctex1d2 is a novel dynein light chain important for trafficking to the cilium and potentially retrograde IFT and is a new molecular link to understanding SRPS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur A. Gholkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Silvia Senese
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yu-Chen Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
- Program in Bioengineering; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Joseph Capri
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - William J Deardorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Harish Dharmarajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ely Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Emmanuelle Hodara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
- Molecular Biology Institute; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology; Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA USA
| | - Jorge Z Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
- Molecular Biology Institute; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California; Los Angeles, CA USA
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149
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Williams CL, McIntyre JC, Norris SR, Jenkins PM, Zhang L, Pei Q, Verhey K, Martens JR. Direct evidence for BBSome-associated intraflagellar transport reveals distinct properties of native mammalian cilia. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5813. [PMID: 25504142 PMCID: PMC4284812 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia dysfunction underlies a class of human diseases with variable penetrance in different organ systems. Across eukaryotes, intraflagellar transport (IFT) facilitates cilia biogenesis and cargo trafficking, but our understanding of mammalian IFT is insufficient. Here we perform live analysis of cilia ultrastructure, composition and cargo transport in native mammalian tissue using olfactory sensory neurons. Proximal and distal axonemes of these neurons show no bias towards IFT kinesin-2 choice, and Kif17 homodimer is dispensable for distal segment IFT. We identify Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins (BBSome) as bona fide constituents of IFT in olfactory sensory neurons, and show that they exist in 1:1 stoichiometry with IFT particles. Conversely, subpopulations of peripheral membrane proteins, as well as transmembrane olfactory signalling pathway components, are capable of IFT but with significantly less frequency and/or duration. Our results yield a model for IFT and cargo trafficking in native mammalian cilia and may explain the penetrance of specific ciliopathy phenotypes in olfactory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey L. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Jeremy C. McIntyre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Stephen R. Norris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 3041 Biomedical Science Research Building (BSRB), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Paul M. Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5632, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Qinglin Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, RM5225, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Kristen Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 3041 Biomedical Science Research Building (BSRB), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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150
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Goggolidou P, Stevens JL, Agueci F, Keynton J, Wheway G, Grimes DT, Patel SH, Hilton H, Morthorst SK, DiPaolo A, Williams DJ, Sanderson J, Khoronenkova SV, Powles-Glover N, Ermakov A, Esapa CT, Romero R, Dianov GL, Briscoe J, Johnson CA, Pedersen LB, Norris DP. ATMIN is a transcriptional regulator of both lung morphogenesis and ciliogenesis. Development 2014; 141:3966-77. [PMID: 25294941 PMCID: PMC4197704 DOI: 10.1242/dev.107755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Initially identified in DNA damage repair, ATM-interactor (ATMIN) further functions as a transcriptional regulator of lung morphogenesis. Here we analyse three mouse mutants, Atmingpg6/gpg6, AtminH210Q/H210Q and Dynll1GT/GT, revealing how ATMIN and its transcriptional target dynein light chain LC8-type 1 (DYNLL1) are required for normal lung morphogenesis and ciliogenesis. Expression screening of ciliogenic genes confirmed Dynll1 to be controlled by ATMIN and further revealed moderately altered expression of known intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein-encoding loci in Atmin mutant embryos. Significantly, Dynll1GT/GT embryonic cilia exhibited shortening and bulging, highly similar to the characterised retrograde IFT phenotype of Dync2h1. Depletion of ATMIN or DYNLL1 in cultured cells recapitulated the in vivo ciliogenesis phenotypes and expression of DYNLL1 or the related DYNLL2 rescued the effects of loss of ATMIN, demonstrating that ATMIN primarily promotes ciliogenesis by regulating Dynll1 expression. Furthermore, DYNLL1 as well as DYNLL2 localised to cilia in puncta, consistent with IFT particles, and physically interacted with WDR34, a mammalian homologue of the Chlamydomonas cytoplasmic dynein 2 intermediate chain that also localised to the cilium. This study extends the established Atmin-Dynll1 relationship into a developmental and a ciliary context, uncovering a novel series of interactions between DYNLL1, WDR34 and ATMIN. This identifies potential novel components of cytoplasmic dynein 2 and furthermore provides fresh insights into the molecular pathogenesis of human skeletal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Goggolidou
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Jonathan L Stevens
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Francesco Agueci
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Jennifer Keynton
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Daniel T Grimes
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Saloni H Patel
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Helen Hilton
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Stine K Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, OE DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Antonella DiPaolo
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Debbie J Williams
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Svetlana V Khoronenkova
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-11, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nicola Powles-Glover
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Alexander Ermakov
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Chris T Esapa
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Rosario Romero
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - James Briscoe
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, OE DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Dominic P Norris
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
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