101
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Malone DG, Vikingsson A, Seebruch JS, Verbsky JW, Dolan PW. In vivo effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on rat skin and synovial mast cell-induced vasopermeability. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1991; 34:164-70. [PMID: 1994913 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780340206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Using our animal model of synovial mast cell-mediated arthritis in rats, we tested the effects of 3 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (aspirin, indomethacin, and ketoprofen) and an H1 and an H2 histamine receptor antagonist (diphenhydramine and cimetidine, respectively) on synovial and dermal mast cell-induced vasopermeability. Drug effects were assessed by quantifying the leakage of radiolabeled albumin into tissues following specific antigen-initiated activation of passively sensitized dermal and synovial mast cells. The 3 NSAIDs tested had different effects on synovial and dermal mast cell-induced vasopermeability. Aspirin and indomethacin significantly increased dermal and synovial plasma exudation (P less than or equal to 0.008). Ketoprofen decreased dermal (P = 0.015), but had no effect on synovial, vascular exudation. Complete histamine H1 and H2 receptor blockade with diphenhydramine and cimetidine, respectively, substantially decreased (P less than or equal to 0.0008), but did not completely inhibit, dermal and synovial mast cell-induced vasopermeability. However, the addition of indomethacin to the combined antihistamine regimen resulted in an increase in the leakage of the radiolabel into skin and synovium (back to control levels), despite the complete blockade of H1 and H2 receptors. Results of experiments with antihistamines and indomethacin suggest that mediators other than histamine are involved in synovial mast cell-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the differential response to ketoprofen indicates that the specific antigen-stimulated mediator release profiles of dermal and synovial mast cells are different. Our finding of enhanced synovial vascular leakage in animals treated with some NSAIDs, and no such effect by other NSAIDs, perhaps explains in part the diverse effects of these agents in humans with arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Malone
- Section of Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin Department of Medicine, Madison 53792
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102
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Kaplan AP, Reddigari S, Baeza M, Kuna P. Histamine releasing factors and cytokine-dependent activation of basophils and mast cells. Adv Immunol 1991; 50:237-60. [PMID: 1719781 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A P Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, SUNY, Stony Brook, Health Sciences Center 11794
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103
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Lindsley CB, Miner PB. Seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and mast cell-associated gastritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1991; 34:106-9. [PMID: 1670619 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780340117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe 4 children with seronegative inflammatory arthritis who had persistent, severe nausea and abdominal pain over several months, in spite of vigorous medical therapy, including antacids and histamine H2 receptor antagonists. Endoscopy and biopsy of gastric and duodenal mucosa showed antral gastritis and an increased number of mast cells in 3 of the 4 patients. In the fourth patient, urinary histamine levels were elevated. These findings suggest an association between inflammatory arthritis and localized mast cell disease in some individuals. Further studies are needed to determine whether this association represents an independent syndrome or whether mast cell-related disease is secondary to long-term treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in children with mild arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Lindsley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66103
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104
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Gruber BL, Schwartz LB. The mast cell as an effector of connective tissue degradation: a study of matrix susceptibility to human mast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 171:1272-8. [PMID: 2222442 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)90823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of connective tissue elements to degradation by human mast cells was explored using purified mast cell tryptase and sonicated mast cell preparations. The R-22 strain of smooth muscle cells from rat heart was used for preparation in vitro of a labelled anchored matrix. Digestion of 11.9 +/- 1.2% (n = 5) of this matrix was observed after overnight incubation with the mast cell sonicates. Pretreatment of the sonicate with a tryptase inhibitor TLCK reduced the digestion by 42%. Digestion of 12 +/- 1% (n = 4) of the matrix was observed with purified tryptase. The susceptible substrate within this anchored insoluble matrix resided in the glycoprotein compartment as defined by enzymatic characterization of the residual matrix. Mast cells may play a role in mediating connective tissue degradation through the release of proteases specifically synthesized by this cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Gruber
- Division of Allergy, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Suny, Stony Brook 11794-8161
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105
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Saal JG, Fritz P, Maschek BJ, Mischlinski A, Laschner W. The neo-synovial membrane of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis at resynovectomy. Histomorphological and immunohistological evaluations. Rheumatol Int 1990; 10:191-8. [PMID: 2075371 DOI: 10.1007/bf02274832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neo-synovial membranes, which formed after "primary" synovectomy in 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), were studied at resynovectomy. The clinical, histomorphological, and immunohistological data were compared with data derived from "primary" synovial membranes from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The clinical data suggest a less active rheumatoid inflammatory response after synovectomy. Histomorphologicaly, the synovitis in resynovectomized neosynovial membranes of RA revealed no qualitative differences when compared with synovitis in the "primary" synovium. However, the degree of the inflammatory rection evaluated by the different parameters was found to be distinctly lower. The immunohistological data correlated with these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Saal
- Medical University Hospital, Department II (Haematology, Oncology, Immunology, and Rheumatology), Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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106
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Sasano M, Goto M, Nishioka K. Production of prostaglandin E2 induced by histamine by cloned rheumatoid synovial cells. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49:504-6. [PMID: 2383075 PMCID: PMC1004137 DOI: 10.1136/ard.49.7.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Production of prostaglandin E2, with or without histamine stimulation, by three different types of cloned rheumatoid synovial cells (macrophage like, dendritic, and fibroblast like) was evaluated. The ability of these cloned cells to respond to histamine on a cell to cell basis was as follows: macrophage like cells responded most strongly, followed by dendritic cells, followed by fibroblast like cells. Production of prostaglandin E2, stimulated by histamine, may have a role in bony destruction in rheumatoid joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sasano
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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107
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Levine JD, Coderre TJ, Covinsky K, Basbaum AI. Neural influences on synovial mast cell density in rat. J Neurosci Res 1990; 26:301-7. [PMID: 2398510 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490260306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mast cell, an immunocompetent cell that contributes to neurogenic inflammation in a variety of tissues, including synovium, is found in close proximity to peripheral terminals of unmyelinated primary afferents and sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals. In this study we evaluated the hypothesis that the density of mast cells in synovial tissue is dependent on the neural innervation. In normal rats, we found that the density of mast cells in the ankle joint capsule, which is heavily innervated, is greater than in the capsule of the knee, which is less densely innervated. Selective lesions of unmyelinated primary afferents with capsaicin, or of sympathetic postganglionic neurons with guanethidine, produced a significant decrease in mast cells; surgical removal of the parasympathetic ganglia did not significantly affect mast cell density. Finally, the number of mast cells in the synovial joint of spontaneously hypertensive rats, which have increased sympathetic activity, was significantly greater than in normotensive control rats. These observations support the hypothesis that the innervation in the synovial joint of the rat, by unmyelinated afferents and sympathetic efferents, exerts a trophic effect on mast cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Levine
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0724
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108
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Stead RH, Franks AJ, Goldsmith CH, Bienenstock J, Dixon MF. Mast cells, nerves and fibrosis in the appendix: a morphological assessment. J Pathol 1990; 161:209-19. [PMID: 2391584 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711610307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are closely associated with nerves in the mucosa of the appendix vermiformis, and obliteration of the appendiceal lumen by fibrous tissue is accompanied by neurogenous hyperplasia. However, changes in the density of mast cells in this process have not been reported. Accordingly, fibrosis was graded in haematoxylin and eosin sections from 46 samples of human appendix. This was compared with mast cell number in toluidine blue-stained slides and nerve density in PGP9.5-immunoreactive sections. In the mucosa, the mast cell number in the samples with minimal fibrosis was three times greater than in those classified as normal (P less than 0.0001), and this declined in the more fibrotic samples. The mucosal nerve scores paralleled the mucosal mast cell changes, and stereological analysis revealed a correlation of mast cell number and nerve density within the lamina propria of the same specimens (r = 0.49-0.90). In the submucosa, mast cell numbers and nerve scores were not significantly different in the different histological grades and obliterated samples resembled normal submucosa, except that a dense axial block of nerve staining was often present. The progressive fibrotic changes in appendices provide a human model for studying the relationships of nerves, mast cells, and fibrosis in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Stead
- Department of Pathology, University of Leeds, U.K
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109
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Smith JB, Bocchieri MH, Smith JB, Sherbin-Allen L, Abruzzo JL. Colony stimulating factor occurs in both inflammatory and noninflammatory synovial fluids. Rheumatol Int 1990; 10:131-4. [PMID: 2203135 DOI: 10.1007/bf02274828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synovial fluids (SF) from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and various other arthritides were examined for the presence of colony stimulating factors (CSF). CSF was found in 7 of 13 (54%) SF from OA patients and in 8 of 12 (67%) SF from RA patients. It was also found in SF from patients with other arthropathies including 5 of 5 samples from patients with septic arthritis. Inhibition studies employing monospecific antisera indicated that in both RA and OA, CSF was of the macrophage type (M-CSF). While CSF was found in both inflammatory and noninflammatory effusions, significantly greater numbers of colonies were stimulated by RA SF than by OA SF and in general greater numbers of colonies correlated with higher SF leukocyte counts. Our data suggest that CSF as well as other cytokines may be involved in the perpetuation of joint destruction that occurs in various rheumatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Smith
- Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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110
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Knutson L, Ahrenstedt O, Odlind B, Hällgren R. The jejunal secretion of histamine is increased in active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1990; 98:849-54. [PMID: 1690156 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(90)90006-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of mast-cell density and histamine content in biopsy specimens in patients with Crohn's disease have yielded conflicting results. In this in vivo study we have measured the jejunal secretion rate of histamine in patients with Crohn's disease (n = 15) of the terminal small bowel and in healthy controls (n = 24). The secretion studies were performed using a recently developed segmental jejunal perfusion system with a two-balloon, six-channel small tube. The histamine secretion rate was 152 +/- 29 (SEM) ng/cm small intestine per h in patients with Crohn's disease, which meant a significant increase (p less than 0.01) compared with the secretion rate in controls (71 +/- 11 ng/cm per h). Moreover, the secretion of histamine was related to the disease activity. Patients with active disease (n = 8) (i.e., Crohn's disease activity index greater than 150) had a mean histamine secretion rate of 193 +/- 47 ng/cm per h, while patients with inactive disease (Crohn's disease activity index less than 150) had a secretion rate not significantly increased compared with controls (105 +/- 24 ng/cm per h). The present data indicate increased mast-cell involvement of the small intestine in active Crohn's disease of the distal ileum. This finding might reflect the systemic nature of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Knutson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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111
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112
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Irani AA, Garriga MM, Metcalfe DD, Schwartz LB. Mast cells in cutaneous mastocytosis: accumulation of the MCTC type. Clin Exp Allergy 1990; 20:53-8. [PMID: 2310982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lesional (n = 15) and non-lesional (n = 10) skin of subjects with mastocytosis was analysed for the distribution and concentration of trypase positive, chymase negative mast cells (MCT) and tryptase positive, chymase positive mast cells (MCTC) cells and compared to normal skin (n = 23) and non-lesional skin of subjects with unexplained anaphylaxis or flushing episodes (n = 6). Skin biopsies were fixed in Carnoy's fluid and subjected to double immunohistochemical staining with biotinylated mouse monoclonal anti-chymase antibody followed by alkaline phosphatase-conjugated mouse monoclonal anti-tryptase antibody. MCTC cells were the only type of mast cells seen in all specimens analysed and in each case were more numerous in superficial compared to deep regions of dermis. The concentration (mean +/- s.d.) of mast cells in the superficial dermis of mastocytosis lesions (40 985 +/- 21 772 mast cells/mm3) was significantly increased over that in corresponding areas of non-lesional skin from subjects with mastocytosis (7178 +/- 3607 mast cells/mm3), skin from subjects with idiopathic anaphylaxis or flushing episodes (6974 +/- 3873 mast cells/mm3) and normal skin (7347 +/- 2973 mast cells/mm3). The exclusive presence of MCTC cells in skin lesions of mastocytosis which are characterized by non-malignant hyperplasia of mast cells suggests involvement of local tissue factors in mast cell recruitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Irani
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298
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113
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Gruber BL, Marchese MJ, Suzuki K, Schwartz LB, Okada Y, Nagase H, Ramamurthy NS. Synovial procollagenase activation by human mast cell tryptase dependence upon matrix metalloproteinase 3 activation. J Clin Invest 1989; 84:1657-62. [PMID: 2553780 PMCID: PMC304033 DOI: 10.1172/jci114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the matrix degradation observed in the cartilaginous and osseous structures of the rheumatoid joint. We previously reported that human mast cell tryptase, a 134-kD granule-associated neutral protease, is present in rheumatoid synovium and can activate collagenase in crude culture medium in vitro. the present study attempts to depict the precise mechanism of this activation. To express full activation of latent collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) or stromelysin, can be activated by tryptase in a time and dose-dependent manner. Tryptase was not capable of generating active collagenase in the crude media from cultured rheumatoid synoviocytes depleted of proMMP-3 by immunoadsorption. In addition, the function of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) was not altered by tryptase, and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed no degradation of TIMP by tryptase. The tryptase dependent activation of synoviocyte procollagenase thereby appears to be entirely dependent upon its ability to activate proMMP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Gruber
- Division of Allergy, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Veterans Administration, Northport, New York 11768
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114
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Casale TB, Little MM, Furst D, Wood D, Hunninghake GW. Elevated BAL fluid histamine levels and parenchymal pulmonary disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Chest 1989; 96:1016-21. [PMID: 2805829 DOI: 10.1378/chest.96.5.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the amount of histamine in BAL fluid in subjects with RA and to ascertain if elevated histamine levels were associated with parameters of active pulmonary disease, we measured BAL fluid histamine levels in 31 subjects with RA and 36 normal subjects. The subjects with RA had a significantly greater mean BAL histamine level than the normal subjects, (313 +/- 154 pg/ml vs 18 +/- 8 pg/ml; p less than 0.05). When the subjects with RA were divided into three groups based on chest radiograms (1 = normal; 2 = pleural disease only; 3 = interstitial or nodular disease), we found that subjects in group 3 had significantly lower values for TLC and D. Subjects in group 3 also had higher percentages of BAL neutrophils and eosinophils and higher BAL histamine levels (group 1, 115 +/- 52 pg/ml; group 2, 30 +/- 30 pg/ml; and group 3, 1,182 +/- 709 pg of histamine per milliliter). Moreover, BAL histamine levels were negatively correlated with TLC (r = -0.46; p = 0.01) and FVC (r = -0.45; p = 0.01) and positively correlated with BAL neutrophils (r = 0.6; p = 0.0003) and BAL eosinophils (r = 0.89; p = 0.0001). These data suggest that the BAL histamine level may be a useful marker to determine the activity of pulmonary disease in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City
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115
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Hoang-Xuan T, Foster CS, Raizman MB, Greenwood B. Mast cells in conjunctiva affected by cicatricial pemphigoid. Ophthalmology 1989; 96:1110-4. [PMID: 2671849 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is characterized by progressive conjunctival subepithelial fibrosis often leading ultimately to corneal blindness. Mast cells have been shown to play a role in several fibrotic disorders, but the role of mast cells in OCP is unknown. The authors compared the mast cell population in conjunctival biopsy specimens from 14 OCP patients and from six controls by using specific histochemical stains for mast cell subsets. The total mast cell number and the ratio of connective tissue mast cells to mucosal mast cells (MMCs) were significantly higher in OCP than in normal conjunctiva (P less than 0.05). This report is the first analysis of mast cell subsets in human ocular tissue. The results suggest that connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) may play an important role in OCP and that therapy directed toward mast cells and their mediators may be an appropriate avenue for further exploration.
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116
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Meier HL, Schulman ES, Heck LW, MacGlashan D, Newball HH, Kaplan AP. Release of elastase from purified human lung mast cells and basophils. Identification as a Hageman factor cleaving enzyme. Inflammation 1989; 13:295-308. [PMID: 2787784 DOI: 10.1007/bf00914396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Elastase, a serine protease, is capable of inducing severe lung destruction in experimental animal models. We now report that this proteinase exists preformed in neutrophil-free sonicates of purified human lung mast cells (greater than 98% purity) and in circulating peripheral blood basophils (greater than 97% purity). The elastase levels in both cell types (41-174 ng/10(6) cells) represents approximately 3-20% of those found in human neutrophils; both cell types released their elastase following anti-IgE and ionophore A23187 challenge. The apparent molecular size of the mast cell enzyme on Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, as well as its inhibition profile, was identical to that of purified human neutrophil elastase. This mast cell elastase is identical to our previously reported mast cell-derived Hageman factor cleaving activity. Mast cell-, basophil-, and neutrophil-derived elastases cleave Hageman factor into fragments of 52,000 and 28,000 Da; cleavage by all three enzymes is inhibited by preincubation with polyclonal antibodies directed against human neutrophil elastase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Meier
- Biochemical Pharmacology Branch, USAMRICD Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010
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117
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Marone G, Casolaro V, Cirillo R, Stellato C, Genovese A. Pathophysiology of human basophils and mast cells in allergic disorders. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1989; 50:S24-40. [PMID: 2463127 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Basophil leukocytes and tissue mast cells are inflammatory cells that are found in virtually all human tissues. They appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of such allergic diseases as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, anaphylaxis, atopic and contact dermatitis, chronic urticaria, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. By releasing a variety of chemical mediators, they could also play a role in the pathophysiology of a wide range of inflammatory disorders of the joints, and of intestine, lung, coronary, and myocardial diseases. Although these two cell types are similar in several aspects, striking differences have also been observed. Moreover, human mast cells from different anatomical sites and within an individual tissue synthesize different mediators and have different release mechanisms. The recent advent of techniques that yield highly purified basophils and mast cells from diverse tissues will probably lead to major advancements in understanding the biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms that control the release process of these cells. The release of mediators from these cells is also controlled by a series of largely undefined biochemical steps that represent the basis of the concept of basophil and mast cell releasability. Alterations of basophil or mast cell releasability have already been detected in patients with allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that basophils, mast cells, and their chemical mediators play a pivotal role in several inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marone
- Department of Medicine, University of Naples, II School of Medicine, Italy
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118
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Enerbäck L, Norrby K. The mast cells. CURRENT TOPICS IN PATHOLOGY. ERGEBNISSE DER PATHOLOGIE 1989; 79:169-204. [PMID: 2644084 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-73855-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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119
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marone
- Department of Medicine, University of Naples II School of Medicine, Italy
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120
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Wojtecka-Lukasik E, Stachurska J, Kopeć M, Maśliński S. Anti-inflammatory drugs modulate histamine release from mast cells induced by fibrinogen degradation products. Ann Rheum Dis 1988; 47:328-32. [PMID: 2452608 PMCID: PMC1003515 DOI: 10.1136/ard.47.4.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The products resulting from proteolytic degradation of human fibrinogen (FDP) were found to induce the release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells. Low molecular weight, dialysable peptides (FDP) showed the highest dose dependent, histamine releasing activity. Histamine release induced by FDP was effectively inhibited by the gold compound auranofin at a concentration of 10(-5)-10(-7) mol/l and also by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs BW 755c, timegadine, medosan, naproxen, and aspirin at the higher concentration range of 10(-4)-10(-6) mol/l. It is concluded that the release of histamine from mast cells may be modulated to some extent by anti-inflammatory drugs, especially auranofin, BW 755c and timegadine, a functional property which may be beneficial in the management of joint disease.
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121
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122
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123
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Cellular Immunity in the Joints of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Forms of Chronic Synovitis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-857x(21)00842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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124
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125
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Taylor DJ, Woolley DE. Evidence for both histamine H1 and H2 receptors on human articular chondrocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 1987; 46:431-5. [PMID: 2820319 PMCID: PMC1002160 DOI: 10.1136/ard.46.6.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Using specific histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, evidence is presented for the existence of both H1 and H2 receptors on human articular chondrocytes in vitro. Stimulation of the H1 receptor by histamine (range 0.18 to 17.8 mumol/l) significantly increased prostaglandin E (PGE) production, while activation of the histamine H2 receptor increased intracellular cyclic adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP). The histamine H1 antagonists mepyramine and tripelennamine blocked the histamine induced increase in PGE production, and the H2 antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine prevented the increase in intracellular cyclic AMP. These observations suggest that mast cell-chondrocyte interactions mediated via histamine may contribute to some of the pathophysiological changes observed in joint disease.
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126
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Choi KL, Claman HN. Mast cells, fibroblasts, and fibrosis. New clues to the riddle of mast cells. Immunol Res 1987; 6:145-52. [PMID: 3316438 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K L Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
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127
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Taylor DJ, Woolley DE. Histamine H1 receptors on adherent rheumatoid synovial cells in culture: demonstration by radioligand binding and inhibition of histamine-stimulated prostaglandin E production by histamine H1 antagonists. Ann Rheum Dis 1987; 46:425-30. [PMID: 2888437 PMCID: PMC1002159 DOI: 10.1136/ard.46.6.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Histamine H1 receptors have been demonstrated on adherent rheumatoid synovial cells using biochemical and radioligand binding assays in vitro. The addition of histamine (17.8 mumol/l) to nine primary cultures of adherent rheumatoid synovial cells resulted in a two- to 21-fold increase in the production of prostaglandin E (PGE). This increase was inhibited by three H1 receptor antagonists (mepyramine, tripelennamine, and chlorpheniramine) in a dose related manner at concentrations below 10(-6) mol/l. Competitive binding assays with [3H]mepyramine gave ED50 values of approximately 10(-5) mol/l for the three H1 antagonists. H2 receptor antagonists (cimetidine and ranitidine) did not inhibit the histamine induced increase in PGE and did not compete effectively with the binding of H1 antagonists.
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128
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Malone DG, Wilder RL, Saavedra-Delgado AM, Metcalfe DD. Mast cell numbers in rheumatoid synovial tissues. Correlations with quantitative measures of lymphocytic infiltration and modulation by antiinflammatory therapy. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1987; 30:130-7. [PMID: 3548731 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Synovial biopsy specimens from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were subjected to quantitative analysis for several parameters of inflammation and for enumeration of synovial tissue mast cells. Strong positive correlations were found between numbers of mast cells per cubic millimeter of synovial tissue and the following synovial tissue parameters: inflammatory index (a quantification of lymphocytic infiltration), Leu-3a grade (T helper/inducer lymphocytes), Leu-1 grade (T lymphocyte), and plasma cell grade. A strong negative correlation was found between the synovial mast cell count and the extent of sublining layer fibrin deposition. Correlations between synovial mast cell count and Leu-2a grade, ratio of Leu-3a grade:Leu-2a grade, OKM1 grade, HLA-DR grade, and lining layer thickness grade did not reach statistical significance. In addition, we obtained synovial specimens from 6 of the patients both before and after long-term therapy with oral methotrexate and from 3 of the patients before, and 1 week after, an intraarticular injection of steroid. The 3 patients who had an intraarticular steroid injection showed a 67-96% decrease in the number of synovial tissue mast cells; there was no significant change in the number of synovial mast cells in the tissues of the 6 patients who received oral methotrexate. These observations are the first documentation of a quantitative relationship between the number of mast cells and the number and phenotypic profile of infiltrating lymphocytes in an inflamed tissue, which in this case, is human synovium. Our findings suggest that mast cells are involved in the pathologic interactions in rheumatoid arthritis and might play a role in the early phases of exacerbations of disease activity.
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129
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Benach JL, Gruber BL, Coleman JL, Habicht GS, Golightly MG. An IgE response to spirochete antigen in patients with Lyme disease. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE, MIKROBIOLOGIE, UND HYGIENE. SERIES A, MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, VIROLOGY, PARASITOLOGY 1986; 263:127-32. [PMID: 2437736 DOI: 10.1016/s0176-6724(86)80113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most but not all Lyme disease patients produce specific IgE antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Development of IgE antibodies paralleled that of other immunologic classes and appeared to be directed against a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 41,000. Total serum IgE levels in Lyme disease patients were usually within the normal range in all stages of the disease. However, highly elevated total serum IgE in certain patients were not correlated to any particular disease stage nor to specific antibody titers. Spirochetes and spirochetal sonicates in high concentration induced release of histamine from basophils derived from both patients and controls. At lower antigen concentrations, histamine release could be induced only from basophils derived from patients. Synovial fluids from patients with Lyme arthritis contained IgE but only negligible amounts of histamine.
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130
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Sin YM, Sedgwick AD, Chea EP, Willoughby DA. Mast cells in newly formed lining tissue during acute inflammation: a six day air pouch model in the mouse. Ann Rheum Dis 1986; 45:873-7. [PMID: 3789822 PMCID: PMC1002011 DOI: 10.1136/ard.45.10.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue mast cells were topographically and quantitatively studied in the newly formed lining tissue of six day old air pouches induced in the dorsal surface of mice. The results showed that the number of mast cells in the cavities innermost lining increased after injection of carrageenan into the cavity. Degranulation of mast cells was also observed. Variations in mast cell numbers in the lining seemed to correlate with the histamine content. These findings suggest that mast cells not only participate in the initiation of the early phase of acute inflammation but also appear to play an important part in regulating and prolonging more chronic inflammatory reactions.
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131
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Gruber B, Poznansky M, Boss E, Partin J, Gorevic P, Kaplan AP. Characterization and functional studies of rheumatoid synovial mast cells. Activation by secretagogues, anti-IgE, and a histamine-releasing lymphokine. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1986; 29:944-55. [PMID: 2427092 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780290802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic analysis of synovial specimens from 35 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 7 patients with osteoarthritis revealed mast cell hyperplasia in perivascular regions, in fibrous interstitial areas, and clustered around the periphery of lymphoid aggregates. Metachromatic staining, immunofluorescence studies, and ultrastructural analysis revealed a single population of connective tissue-type mast cells with surface IgE receptors. Total extractable histamine of synovial tissue was 4.15 +/- 2.30 micrograms/gm (n = 8) for RA synovium and 0.53 +/- 0.23 microgram/gm (n = 7) for OA synovium. Mast cell secretion was assessed and specific release of histamine from RA synovial mast cells was observed following stimulation with anti-IgE (32.3%), compound 48/80 (40.1%), calcium ionophore A23187 (25.2%), and a partially purified lymphokine with histamine-releasing activity (23.9%).
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132
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Malone DG, Irani AM, Schwartz LB, Barrett KE, Metcalfe DD. Mast cell numbers and histamine levels in synovial fluids from patients with diverse arthritides. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1986; 29:956-63. [PMID: 2427093 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780290803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five synovial fluid (SF) specimens were examined for the presence of mast cells and for their histamine content. Mast cells were seen in SF cells from 27 of 35 fluids, and histamine was measurable in 19 of 34. There was a strong correlation between mast cell number and histamine content. No consistent relationship was found between either the mast cell number or histamine level and the patients' diagnoses, except that the 2 patients with systemic mastocytosis had markedly elevated values for both SF mast cell number and histamine content. SF mast cells from one of the mastocytosis patients were studied for histamine release; significant amounts of histamine were released upon exposure to anti-human IgE, but not compound 48/80. Thus, mast cells similar to those present in connective tissue are frequently present in SF in numbers which correlate with SF histamine levels. These mast cells contain active proteases and are capable of degranulation. Mast cells were consistently present in large numbers in the SF of patients with systemic mastocytosis, but their numbers were highly variable in fluids of patients with other diseases.
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133
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Crisp AJ, Wright JK, Hazleman BL. Effects of heparin, histamine, and salmon calcitonin on mouse calvarial bone resorption. Ann Rheum Dis 1986; 45:422-7. [PMID: 3718018 PMCID: PMC1001904 DOI: 10.1136/ard.45.5.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative mouse calvarial bone resorption assay was employed to investigate the effects of the mast cell products, heparin and histamine, and of salmon calcitonin. 'Amorphous' heparin, containing a range of molecular weight fractions, inhibited resorption by 15-20% at concentrations of 0.75-5.0 mg/ml. A 'defined' heparin species of mol.wt 13 500 inhibited resorption by 14-28% at 10(-5)-10(-4) mol/l. Histamine inhibited resorption by 19-55% at 10(-3)-10(-2) mol/l. It is proposed that heparin and histamine depress coupled bone resorption and formation and may lead to net loss of bone. Salmon calcitonin inhibited resorption at concentrations as low as 10 pg/ml. 'Amorphous' (but not 'defined') heparin blunted calcitonin induced inhibition of bone resorption and may derepress osteoclasts.
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Abstract
Many types of cells are activated and transformed in rheumatoid synovium, thereby contributing to amplification of the disease process. The immune response in rheumatoid arthritis is probably initiated by an antigen, although there is some evidence that anticollagen antibodies develop in response to tissue destruction, after rheumatoid arthritis has evolved clinically. Early inflammation in the synovium is characterized by a striking vascular proliferation, occurring in response to angiogenesis factors released by activated macrophages. Generalized activation of macrophages and lymphocytes typical of the immune reaction in the synovium generates antibody production, including production of rheumatoid factor. Data suggest that immune complexes deposited within cartilage attract polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which then release enzymes onto the cartilage surface. Many products of inflammation act as mediators, driving proliferation of synovial cells. Stellate cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts have been found along the pannus/cartilage junction; by various interactions, these contribute to destruction of cartilage and bone.
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135
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Punzi L, Todesco S, Toffano G, Catena R, Bigon E, Bruni A. Phospholipids in inflammatory synovial effusions. Rheumatol Int 1986; 6:7-11. [PMID: 3787088 DOI: 10.1007/bf00270658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of phospholipids and proteins was determined in 23 inflammatory synovial fluids obtained from human knee joints. The synovial fluid to plasma phospholipid ratio (0.48 and 0.37 at high and low inflammatory state) was lower than the value found for the total protein content (0.68 and 0.53, respectively) indicating that phospholipids were more discriminated than proteins in their transfer from plasma to the synovial space. Constant amounts of phosphatidylinositol were found in all synovial fluids, whereas trace amounts of lysophosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were more frequent in the active inflammatory state. A decrease in the relative amounts of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol with respect to plasma suggested the possibility of phospholipid hydrolysis in the synovial compartment. In agreement, determinations of phospholipase activity disclosed the presence of a phospholipase A2 in the fluid phase of synovial effusions. Phospholipid derivatives formed in the synovial space may thus contribute to the amplification of the inflammatory response.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a disorder characterized by chronic inflammation affecting predominantly articular tissues, leading in some instances to disruption of the normal structure and function of the joint. In some patients extra-articular manifestations are also present. In the joints, the pathologic lesion consists of synovial cell proliferation with infiltration by inflammatory cells. The complex interaction among these cells is likely responsible for the connective tissue abnormalities that characterize the rheumatoid lesion. The factors responsible for inducing the inflammatory process are unknown.
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137
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Taylor DJ, Yoffe JR, Brown DM, Woolley DE. Histamine stimulates prostaglandin E production by rheumatoid synovial cells and human articular chondrocytes in culture. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1986; 29:160-5. [PMID: 2869760 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780290202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Histamine stimulates prostaglandin E (PGE) production by cultures of adherent rheumatoid synovial cells and human articular chondrocytes. When subcultured synovial fibroblasts or human articular chondrocytes were "primed" by preincubation with conditioned media from primary adherent rheumatoid synovial cell cultures (synovial factor), each produced even higher PGE levels upon histamine exposure. This histamine stimulation was prevented by histamine H1, but not H2, antagonists and was more marked if serum was absent from the culture media. Thus, histamine-induced PGE production by these cells is mediated via H1 receptor activation and subsequent arachidonic acid liberation.
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138
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Roche WR. Mast cells and tumour angiogenesis: the tumor-mediated release of an endothelial growth factor from mast cells. Int J Cancer 1985; 36:721-8. [PMID: 2415472 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910360617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to tumour cells has previously been shown to induce mast cells to degranulate and release heparin. Isolated mast-cell granules were found to be mitogenic for endothelial cells in vitro. This effect was a property of mast-cell heparin, whose potency as a mitogen exceeded that of commercial heparins. The basis of this difference lay in the proteoglycan structure of the molecule. The release of heparin in mast-cell-tumour co-cultures was examined by both endothelial cell proliferation and isotopic techniques. The kinetics and mode of release are described. The results are discussed in relation to the role of the mast cell in angiogenesis assays and tumour neovascularization.
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139
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Johnson DA, Cawston TE. Human lung mast cell tryptase fails to activate procollagenase or degrade proteoglycan. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 132:453-9. [PMID: 2998369 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)91155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pig synovial and human skin fibroblast procollagenases were treated with highly purified tryptase, the major proteinase of human mast cells, to determine whether this trypsin-like proteinase could activate the latent form of collagenase and so be involved in connective tissue breakdown. No significant activation of either human or pig procollagenase was found, but the highest concentration of tryptase partially destroyed procollagenase. Tryptase did not degrade type I collagen or proteoglycan. These data indicate that human mast cell tryptase does not contribute to connective tissue breakdown via procollagenase activation or via proteoglycan degradation.
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140
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Moxley G, Ruddy S. Elevated C3 anaphylatoxin levels in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1985; 28:1089-95. [PMID: 3876836 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780281003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Because cleavage products of the third component of complement augment inflammation and may contribute to arthritis, we used a competitive inhibition radioimmunoassay to measure levels of the low molecular weight cleavage products of the third component of complement, C3a and C3adesArg, in 72 synovial fluid samples. Mean levels of C3a/C3adesArg were more than sevenfold higher in 41 patients who had rheumatoid arthritis than in 15 patients who had degenerative joint disease or 5 patients who had traumatic arthritis. Striking elevations were also present in 2 patients who had acute gouty arthritis. A calculation of the fraction of intraarticular C3 cleaved showed that the patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a mean C3 cleavage of 11.6 +/- 11.0%, which was significantly higher than values of less than 1.5% for patients with degenerative joint disease or traumatic arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis, specific immunoassay identified substantial quantities of the initial C3 cleavage fragments.
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142
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Efthimiou J, Harris EN, Hughes GR. Negative anticardiolipin antibodies and vascular complications in Behçet's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44:725-6. [PMID: 4051595 PMCID: PMC1001754 DOI: 10.1136/ard.44.10.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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143
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Yoffe JR, Taylor DJ, Woolley DE. Mast-cell products and heparin stimulate the production of mononuclear-cell factor by cultured human monocyte/macrophages. Biochem J 1985; 230:83-8. [PMID: 2996497 PMCID: PMC1152589 DOI: 10.1042/bj2300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purified mast cells derived from rat peritoneal fluids and dog mastocytomas were extracted with 1 M-NaCl and sonication techniques. The mast-cell products increased the production of mononuclear cell factor from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture, as judged by the enhanced stimulation of prostaglandin E (2-5 fold) and collagenase (3-11-fold) production by cultured adherent synovial cells. Heparin alone (1-10 micrograms/ml) induced a similar stimulation of mononuclear-cell-factor production by monocyte cultures, whereas histamine (1-10 micrograms/ml) had no effect. The stimulatory effect of mast-cell products and heparin represented a direct effect on mononuclear cells; they did not potentiate the effect of monokine on the synovial cells. These results suggest that mast-cell-macrophage interactions may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and connective-tissue degradation.
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Schleimer RP, Fox CC, Naclerio RM, Plaut M, Creticos PS, Togias AG, Warner JA, Kagey-Sobotka A, Lichtenstein LM. Role of human basophils and mast cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985; 76:369-74. [PMID: 2410478 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(85)90656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of human basophils and mast cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has been analyzed. Purified human basophils and mast cells release several known mediators of allergic reactions, including histamine, sulfidopeptide leukotrienes, kinin-forming enzymes, and, in the case of the mast cell, PGD2. These same mediators are released in vivo after experimental challenge in the upper airways with either allergen or cold, dry air, a stimulus used to simulate exercise-induced bronchospasm. The appearance of mast cell mediators in vivo after such challenges further implicates mast cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases of the airways that occur as a result of exposure to allergen or physical stimuli. During the LPR after experimental challenge of the upper airways, the pattern of mediators released (i.e., histamine, leukotrienes, and others, but no PGD2) suggests that basophils may contribute to the LPR. Antiallergic drugs that prevent mediator release in vitro, such as antihistamines, also prevent the appearance of mediators in vivo, strengthening both the validity of the in vitro test as a model of the disease and the hypothesis that mediator release is an essential element of the disease process. A model discussing the pathogenetic mechanism is presented.
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147
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Dayer JM, Demczuk S. Cytokines and other mediators in rheumatoid arthritis. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1984; 7:387-413. [PMID: 6395411 DOI: 10.1007/bf00201968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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148
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Wasserman SI. The mast cell and synovial inflammation. Or, what's a nice cell like you doing in a joint like this? ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1984; 27:841-4. [PMID: 6466392 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780270801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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149
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Abstract
Fragments of synovial membranes from three patients with rheumatoid arthritis were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). Histamine was released into the medium at rates up to 649.3 ng/g synovium/day. To investigate whether histamine in synovial fluid may have more than a vasoactive role, cells cultured from human trabecular bone adjacent to a rheumatoid joint and human adherent rheumatoid synovial cells were incubated with different concentrations of histamine for 5 min. Histamine increased the intracellular content of cyclic AMP up to three fold in a dose-related manner but had no effect on synovial cells. This offers preliminary evidence that cells grown from human trabecular bone have histamine receptors.
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