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Hwang HS, An J, Kang HJ, Oh B, Oh YJ, Oh JH, Kim W, Sung CO, Shim JH, Yu E. Prognostic Molecular Indices of Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications of S100P for Early Recurrence. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:6466-6478. [PMID: 33786678 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) often recur in patients undergoing hepatectomy, there are no reliable biomarkers of this undesirable event. Recent RNA-based efforts have developed valuable genetic indices prognostic of cancer outcomes. We aimed to identify molecular predictors of early recurrence after resection of HCC, and reveal the genomolecular structure of the resected tumors. METHOD Based on the transcriptomic and genomic datasets of 206 HCC samples surgically resected in the Asan Medical Center (AMC), we performed a differential gene expression analysis to identify quantitative markers associated with early recurrence and used the unsupervised clustering method to classify genomolecular subtypes. RESULTS Differential gene expression profiling revealed that S100P was the highest-ranked overexpressed gene in HCCs that recurred within 2 years of surgery. This trend was reproduced in immunohistochemical studies of the original cohort and an independent AMC cohort. S100P expression also independently predicted HCC-specific mortality post-resection (adjusted hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.19; p = 0.042). Validation in a Chinese cohort and in in vitro experiments confirmed the prognostic value of S100P in HCC. We further identified five discrete molecular subtypes of HCC; a subtype with stem cell features ('AMC-C4') was associated with the worst prognosis, both in our series and another two Asian datasets, and S100P was most strongly upregulated in that subtype. CONCLUSION We identified a promising prognostic biomolecule, S100P, associated with early recurrence after HCC resection, and established the genomolecular architecture of tumors affecting clinical outcomes, particularly in Asian patients. These new insights into molecular mediators should contribute to effective care for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sang Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyung Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunsil Yu
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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102
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Liu J, Liu Z, Li W, Zhang S. SOCS2 is a potential prognostic marker that suppresses the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:399. [PMID: 33777222 PMCID: PMC7988697 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for this disease. The present study aimed to identify the hub genes associated with the progression and prognosis of patients with HCC. A total of three expression profiles of HCC tissues were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, followed by the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the GEO2R method. The identified DEGs were assessed for survival significance using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Among the 15 identified DEGs in HCC tissues [cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamily A member 1, cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61, Fos proto-oncogene, forkhead transcription factor 1 (FOXO1), growth arrest and DNA damage inducible β, Inhibitor of DNA binding 1, interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein, metallothionein-1M, pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1, Rho family GTPase 3, serine dehydratase, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), S100 calcium-binding protein P and serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1)]. Low expression levels of FOXO1, SOCS2 and TAT and high SPINK1 expression indicated poor survival outcomes for patients with HCC. In addition, SOCS2 was associated with distinct stages of HCC progression in patients and presented optimal diagnostic value. In vitro functional experiments indicated that overexpression of SOCS2 inhibited HCC cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that SOCS2 may act as a valuable prognostic marker that is closely associated with HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 920th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 920th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Shurong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 920th Hospital of The PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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103
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Catozzi S, Halasz M, Kiel C. Predicted 'wiring landscape' of Ras-effector interactions in 29 human tissues. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:10. [PMID: 33580066 PMCID: PMC7881153 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras is a plasma membrane (PM)-associated signaling hub protein that interacts with its partners (effectors) in a mutually exclusive fashion. We have shown earlier that competition for binding and hence the occurrence of specific binding events at a hub protein can modulate the activation of downstream pathways. Here, using a mechanistic modeling approach that incorporates high-quality proteomic data of Ras and 56 effectors in 29 (healthy) human tissues, we quantified the amount of individual Ras-effector complexes, and characterized the (stationary) Ras "wiring landscape" specific to each tissue. We identified nine effectors that are in significant amount in complex with Ras in at least one of the 29 tissues. We simulated both mutant- and stimulus-induced network re-configurations, and assessed their divergence from the reference scenario, specifically discussing a case study for two stimuli in three epithelial tissues. These analyses pointed to 32 effectors that are in significant amount in complex with Ras only if they are additionally recruited to the PM, e.g. via membrane-binding domains or domains binding to activated receptors at the PM. Altogether, our data emphasize the importance of tissue context for binding events at the Ras signaling hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Catozzi
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Kiel
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
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104
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Liu Z, Sun J, Wang X, Cao Z. MicroRNA-129-5p promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the BMP2 gene. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:257. [PMID: 33603864 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that poses a serious threat to human health. Due to its occult onset and rapid development, HCC is a challenge to diagnose early and effectively treat, and thus patients with HCC often have an unfavorable prognosis. MicroRNA (miR)-129 and its target gene play an important role in the regulation of various diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanism of action for miR-129-5p in the development of HCC. Quantitative results of clinical samples analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR suggested that miR-129-5p had a significantly lower expression level in tumoral tissues compared with corresponding peritumoral tissues. Overexpression of miR-129-5p in HCC cells was performed using a transfection technique, followed by MTT, Transwell, invasion and wound healing assays to detect the effect of miR-129-5p on the cell cytotoxicity and metastasis of liver cancer in vitro. The downstream target gene of miR-129-5p, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), was determined using a luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-129-5p played a vital role in decreasing cytotoxicity and promoting metastasis of HCC, which may be attributed to its inhibitory effect on the expression of its target gene, BMP2. In clinical samples, miR-129-5p expression levels were found to be negatively correlated with BMP2 and closely associated with HCC metastasis and infiltration. Collectively, the results suggested that miR-129-5p may contribute to proliferation and metastasis of HCC through its target gene, BMP2, and thus may be a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyao Liu
- Department of Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiefei Sun
- Interventional Catheter Therapy Section Office, Zhaodong Renmin Hospital, Zhaodong, Heilongjiang 151100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Cao
- Department of Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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105
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Lu L, Jiang J, Zhan M, Zhang H, Wang QT, Sun SN, Guo XK, Yin H, Wei Y, Liu JO, Li SY, Li Y, He YW. Targeting Neoantigens in Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Immunotherapy: A Futile Strategy? Hepatology 2021; 73:414-421. [PMID: 32299136 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc., Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Xiao-Kai Guo
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc., Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yin
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shi-You Li
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc., Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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106
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Caruso S, O'Brien DR, Cleary SP, Roberts LR, Zucman-Rossi J. Genetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Approaches to Explore Molecular Diversity. Hepatology 2021; 73 Suppl 1:14-26. [PMID: 32463918 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Daniel R O'Brien
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France.,European Hospital Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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107
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Cheng J, Li Y, Wang X, Dong Z, Chen Y, Zhang R, Huang J, Jin X, Yao J, Ge A, Song L, Lu Y, Zeng Z. Response Stratification in the First-Line Combined Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Genomic, Transcriptional and Immune Repertoire Levels. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:1281-1295. [PMID: 34737983 PMCID: PMC8558640 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s326356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy combined with VEGF inhibitor has become the new first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the biomarkers for response and prognosis stratification of HCC first-line combined immunotherapy have not been clarified. METHODS Here, we obtained the genomic alteration data from pre-therapeutic samples of 103 HCC patients using a 605-gene NGS test, and obtained the transcriptional and T cell receptor (TCR) diversity data from 18 patients who underwent the first-line combined immunotherapy using RNAseq and TCR sequencing, respectively. Patients received sorafenib/sintilimab or lenvatinib/sintilimab combined first-line therapy and the response was assessed at 3-6 cycles of therapy. RESULTS No stratification of response was found in high-frequency key driver gene mutations, including TP53 and TERT. However, significantly higher ratio of progression (PD) was found in patients carrying MDM4 amplification. Similarly, FGF/3/4/19 amplifications could also result in high ratio of PD. The mRNA and lncRNA levels of eight genes related to hepatic metabolism and immune microenvironment exhibited significant differences between PR/SD and PD group, including DGKI, TNFSF14, CHST4, ACTIN1, PFKP, SLC51B, LCK and ERN1, suggesting stratification of response. Furthermore, moderate correlation was identified between the stratification genes (CHST4, SLC51B and ERN1) and immune factors (TIGIT, CD34, ICAM1, CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10), suggesting potential roles of these factors in immunoregulation. Strong linear correlation was found between any two of the three indexes for TCR CDR3 diversity, including Shannon-Wiener Index, Simpson index and evenness. However, no significant difference was found in the three indexes between the PR/SD and PD group, suggesting no stratification of response by these indexes. CONCLUSION We identified several potential biomarkers for response stratification in the first-line combined immunotherapy. MDM4 was capable of predicting disease progression, and a panel mRNA and lncRNA of eight genes may also predict the response. Further validation is needed to verify these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Cheng
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Li
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- HaploX Biotechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiagan Huang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Jin
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Yao
- HaploX Biotechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifang Ge
- HaploX Biotechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Song
- HaploX Biotechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiotherapy, The Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
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108
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Zhang J, Yang G, Li Q, Xie F. Increased fibrillarin expression is associated with tumor progression and an unfavorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:92. [PMID: 33376525 PMCID: PMC7751345 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and third most common cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Hepatectomy and liver transplantation are the main treatments for early HCC. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy for advanced HCC have become increasingly popular; however, their clinical benefits are limited. Thus, identification of novel therapeutic targets for advanced HCC remains essential. Fibrillarin (FBL) is an essential nucleolar protein that catalyzes the 2′-O-methylation of ribosomal RNAs. Recently, experimental data have suggested that FBL can influence breast-cancer progression. However, the association between FBL expression and HCC remains known. In the present study, the UALCAN database was used to assess FBL mRNA expression in HCC. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to detect FBL protein expression in 139 patients with HCC. In addition, bioinformatic analysis was performed using the UALCAN, the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, cBioportal and TargetScan databases. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The results demonstrated that FBL expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with para-tumor tissues. Furthermore, high FBL expression was significantly associated with tumor diameter and advanced TNM stage in HCC. High FBL expression also predicted a shorter overall survival time and disease-free survival time in patients with HCC. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that FBL may be regulated by methylation modification. In addition, analyses of functional annotations using the Gene Ontology database indicated that FBL-related genes were predominantly enriched in DNA repair and proliferation-related cell-signaling pathways. Notably, high FBL expression signified larger tumor diameter, advanced tumor stage and a poor prognosis. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that FBL may be a potential target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan 641000, P.R. China
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109
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Fernández-Barrena MG, Arechederra M, Colyn L, Berasain C, Avila MA. Epigenetics in hepatocellular carcinoma development and therapy: The tip of the iceberg. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100167. [PMID: 33134907 PMCID: PMC7585149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly tumour whose causative agents are generally well known, but whose pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, key genetic alterations are emerging from a heterogeneous molecular landscape, providing information on the tumorigenic process from initiation to progression. Among these molecular alterations, those that affect epigenetic processes are increasingly recognised as contributing to carcinogenesis from preneoplastic stages. The epigenetic machinery regulates gene expression through intertwined and partially characterised circuits involving chromatin remodelers, covalent DNA and histone modifications, and dedicated proteins reading these modifications. In this review, we summarise recent findings on HCC epigenetics, focusing mainly on changes in DNA and histone modifications and their carcinogenic implications. We also discuss the potential drugs that target epigenetic mechanisms for HCC treatment, either alone or in combination with current therapies, including immunotherapies.
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Key Words
- 5acC, 5-acetylcytosine
- 5fC, 5-formylcytosine
- 5hmC, 5-hydoxymethyl cytosine
- 5mC, 5-methylcytosine
- Acetyl-CoA, acetyl coenzyme A
- BER, base excision repair
- BRD, bromodomain
- CDA, cytidine deaminase
- CGI, CpG island
- CIMP, CGI methylator phenotype
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- DNMTi, DNMT inhibitor
- Epigenetics
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- HAT, histone acetyltransferases
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HDACi, HDAC inhibitor
- HDM, histone demethylase
- HMT, histone methyltransferase
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- KMT, lysine methyltransferase
- LSD/KDM, lysine specific demethylases
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NK, natural killer
- NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand-1
- PD1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PHD, plant homeodomain
- PTM, post-translational modification
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- TDG, thymidine-DNA-glycosylase
- TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase
- TET, ten-eleven translocation
- TME, tumour microenvironment
- TSG, tumour suppressor gene
- Therapy
- UHRF1, ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ncRNAs, non-coding RNAs
- α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Arechederra
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Colyn
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matias A. Avila
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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110
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Cai X, Chen Z, Deng M, Li Z, Wu Q, Wei J, Dai C, Wang G, Luo C. Unique genomic features and prognostic value of COSMIC mutational signature 4 in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1176. [PMID: 33241025 PMCID: PMC7576056 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Analysis of mutational signatures is becoming routine in cancer genomics, with implications for pathogenesis, classification, and prognosis. Among the signatures cataloged at COSMIC, mutational signature 4 has been linked to smoking. However, the distribution of signature 4 in Chinese lung cancer patients has not been evaluated, and its clinical value has not been evaluated. Here we survey mutational signatures in Chinese lung cancer patients and explore the relationship between signature 4 and other genomic features in the patients. Methods We extracted mutational signatures from whole-exome sequencing data of Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients. The data included 401 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 92 squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). We then performed statistical analysis to search for genomic and clinical features that can be linked to mutation signatures. Results We found signature 4 is the most frequent mutational signature in LUSC and the second most frequent in LUAD. Fifty-six LUAD and thirty-five LUSC patients were named with high signature 4 similarities (cosine similarity >0.7). These patients have shorter survival and higher tumor mutational burden comparing to those with low signature 4 similarities. Dozens of genes with single nucleotide variation, index mutations, and copy number variations were differentially enriched in the patients with high signature 4 similarities. Among these genes, CSMD3, LRP1B, TP53, SYNE1, SLIT2, FGF4, and FGF19 are common in both LUADs and LUSCs with high signature 4 similarities, showing that these genes are tightly associated with signature 4. Conclusions The present study is the first to report a comparison in Chinese NSCLC patients with or without COSMIC mutational signature 4. These results will help find the Signature 4 related mutational process in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianchao Wu
- GenomiCare Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwang Wei
- GenomiCare Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Dai
- GenomiCare Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Wang
- GenomiCare Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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111
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Chen Z, Li S, Shen M, Lu X, Bao C, Chen D, Ding J, Wang Q, Huang S, Cong W, Han L, He X. The Mutational and Transcriptional Landscapes of Hepatocarcinogenesis in a Rat Model. iScience 2020; 23:101690. [PMID: 33163943 PMCID: PMC7600387 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation is characterized by stepwise accumulation of molecular alterations, during which the early events are largely unknown. Here, we presented a comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic landscape at stages of hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC by using a diethylnitrosamine-induced rat HCC model. We observed the early occurrence of gene instability and aberrant cancer associated signaling pathways in liver hepatitis. We further characterized the progressive molecular changes during hepatocarcinogenesis, wherein the intense rivalry between tumor-suppressive and oncogenic strengths occurred in cirrhosis stage. Despite the significant pathological difference, mutation signatures and expression landscape are highly similar between hepatitis and cirrhosis stages. Furthermore, we identified PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as a key pathway in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis through integrative analysis, and PIK3CD is a potential biomarker indicating HCC recurrence. The dynamic immune response during hepatocarcinogenesis, such as continuous decline of monocytes, suggests an immunological intervention strategy beyond chemoprevention for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiao Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mengting Shen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyuan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunyang Bao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenming Cong
- Department of Pathology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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112
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Gauthier BR, Sola‐García A, Cáliz‐Molina MÁ, Lorenzo PI, Cobo‐Vuilleumier N, Capilla‐González V, Martin‐Montalvo A. Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13260. [PMID: 33048427 PMCID: PMC7681062 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function is central in the control of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Studies in animal models and human research have determined that thyroid hormones modulate cellular processes relevant for aging and for the majority of age‐related diseases. While several studies have associated mild reductions on thyroid hormone function with exceptional longevity in animals and humans, alterations in thyroid hormones are serious medical conditions associated with unhealthy aging and premature death. Moreover, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated with the development of certain types of diabetes and cancers, indicating a great complexity of the molecular mechanisms controlled by thyroid hormones. In this review, we describe the latest findings in thyroid hormone research in the field of aging, diabetes, and cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinomas. While aging studies indicate that the direct modulation of thyroid hormones is not a viable strategy to promote healthy aging or longevity and the development of thyromimetics is challenging due to inefficacy and potential toxicity, we argue that interventions based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone function might provide therapeutic benefit in certain types of diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases‐CIBERDEM Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Sola‐García
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - María Ángeles Cáliz‐Molina
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo‐Vuilleumier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla‐González
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin‐Montalvo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
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113
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in prevalence and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Unlike other malignancies, HCC can be diagnosed with dynamic imaging with very high accuracy, and tissue diagnosis is not needed for cancer therapy. There is a unique role of established as well as developing biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and management of HCC. Sequencing HCC tumors has yielded substantial insights into HCC tumor biology and has raised the possibility of precision oncology in which therapy decisions are guided by cancer genetics. However, it is not ready for prime time yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 3912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pratima Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 3912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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114
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Kim SS, Eun JW, Choi JH, Woo HG, Cho HJ, Ahn HR, Suh CW, Baek GO, Cho SW, Cheong JY. MLH1 single-nucleotide variant in circulating tumor DNA predicts overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17862. [PMID: 33082400 PMCID: PMC7576198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy can provide a strong basis for precision medicine. We aimed to identify novel single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Deep sequencing of plasma-derived ctDNA from 59 patients with HCC was performed using a panel of 2924 SNVs in 69 genes. In 55.9% of the patients, at least one somatic mutation was detected. Among 25 SNVs in 12 genes, four frequently observed SNVs, MLH1 (13%), STK11 (13%), PTEN (9%), and CTNNB1 (4%), were validated using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction with ctDNA from 62 patients with HCC. Three candidate SNVs were detected in 35.5% of the patients, with a frequency of 19% for MLH1 chr3:37025749T>A, 11% for STK11 chr19:1223126C>G, and 8% for PTEN chr10:87864461C>G. The MLH1 and STK11 SNVs were also confirmed in HCC tissues. The presence of the MLH1 SNV, in combination with an increased ctDNA level, predicted poor overall survival among 107 patients. MLH1 chr3:37025749T>A SNV detection in ctDNA is feasible, and thus, ctDNA can be used to detect somatic mutations in HCC. Furthermore, the presence or absence of the MLH1 SNV in ctDNA, combined with the ctDNA level, can predict the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ri Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Suh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Ok Baek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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115
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Fairhurst RA, Knoepfel T, Buschmann N, Leblanc C, Mah R, Todorov M, Nimsgern P, Ripoche S, Niklaus M, Warin N, Luu VH, Madoerin M, Wirth J, Graus-Porta D, Weiss A, Kiffe M, Wartmann M, Kinyamu-Akunda J, Sterker D, Stamm C, Adler F, Buhles A, Schadt H, Couttet P, Blank J, Galuba I, Trappe J, Voshol J, Ostermann N, Zou C, Berghausen J, Del Rio Espinola A, Jahnke W, Furet P. Discovery of Roblitinib (FGF401) as a Reversible-Covalent Inhibitor of the Kinase Activity of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12542-12573. [PMID: 32930584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FGF19 signaling through the FGFR4/β-klotho receptor complex has been shown to be a key driver of growth and survival in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas, making selective FGFR4 inhibition an attractive treatment opportunity. A kinome-wide sequence alignment highlighted a poorly conserved cysteine residue within the FGFR4 ATP-binding site at position 552, two positions beyond the gate-keeper residue. Several strategies for targeting this cysteine to identify FGFR4 selective inhibitor starting points are summarized which made use of both rational and unbiased screening approaches. The optimization of a 2-formylquinoline amide hit series is described in which the aldehyde makes a hemithioacetal reversible-covalent interaction with cysteine 552. Key challenges addressed during the optimization are improving the FGFR4 potency, metabolic stability, and solubility leading ultimately to the highly selective first-in-class clinical candidate roblitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Fairhurst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Knoepfel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Buschmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Mah
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milen Todorov
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Nimsgern
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Ripoche
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Niklaus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Warin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Van Huy Luu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Madoerin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Wirth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Graus-Porta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kiffe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Dario Sterker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Stamm
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Adler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Buhles
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Schadt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Couttet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Blank
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Inga Galuba
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Trappe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Ostermann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chao Zou
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Berghausen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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116
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Frizziero M, McNamara MG, Lamarca A, Pihlak R, Kurup R, Hubner RA. Current Translational and Clinical Challenges in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4789-4805. [PMID: 32321391 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200422143847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and increasing cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide. Reversing this trend is complicated by the varied aetiological factors leading to liver cirrhosis resulting in molecular genetic and clinical heterogeneity, combined with frequent presentation at advanced stage. Large-scale genomic studies have identified alterations in key signalling pathways for HCC development and progression, but these findings have not yet directly influenced patient management in the clinical setting. Despite these translational challenges, a small number of anti-angiogenic systemic therapy agents have succeeded in recent randomized trials enriching the repertoire of available treatments for advanced HCC. In addition, the early promise of immune checkpoint inhibition is now on the cusp of delivering changes to standard systemic therapy algorithms. This review focuses on recent translational and clinical developments that have advanced. current practice and explores the challenges encountered in attempting to improve the outcomes and experience of patients diagnosed with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Frizziero
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Mairéad G McNamara
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Rille Pihlak
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Roopa Kurup
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Hubner
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
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117
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Zhao Y, Xue C, Xie Z, Ouyang X, Li L. Comprehensive analysis of ubiquitin-specific protease 1 reveals its importance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12908. [PMID: 32951278 PMCID: PMC7574869 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we comprehensively analysed the role of ubiquitin‐specific protease 1(USP1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using data from a set of public databases. Materials and Methods We analysed the mRNA expression of USP1 in HCC and subgroups of HCC using Oncomine and UALCAN. Survival analysis of USP1 in HCC was conducted with the Kaplan‐Meier Plotter database. The mutations of USP1 in HCC were analysed using cBioPortal and the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database. Differential genes correlated with USP1 and WD repeat domain 48 (WDR48) were obtained using LinkedOmics. USP1 was knocked down with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmacologically inhibited by ML‐323 in MHCC97H or SK‐Hep‐1 cell lines for function analysis. Results High USP1 expression predicted unfavourable overall survival in HCC patients. USP1 showed positive correlations with the abundances of macrophages and neutrophils. We identified 98 differential genes that were positively correlated with both USP1 and WDR48. These genes were mainly involved in the cell cycle, aldosterone synthesis and secretion and oestrogen signalling pathways. Interactions between USP1 and WDR 48 were confirmed using co‐immunoprecipitation. USP1 knockdown or ML‐323 treatment reduced the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and cyclin E1. Conclusions Overall, USP1 is a promising target for HCC treatment with good prognostic value. USP1 and WDR48 function together in regulating cancer cell proliferation via the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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118
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Frizziero M, McNamara MG, Lamarca A, Pihlak R, Kurup R, Hubner RA. Current Translational and Clinical Challenges in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.10.2174/0929867327666200422143847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and increasing cause of cancerrelated
deaths worldwide. Reversing this trend is complicated by the varied aetiological factors
leading to liver cirrhosis resulting in molecular genetic and clinical heterogeneity, combined
with frequent presentation at advanced stage. Large-scale genomic studies have identified
alterations in key signalling pathways for HCC development and progression, but these
findings have not yet directly influenced patient management in the clinical setting. Despite
these translational challenges, a small number of anti-angiogenic systemic therapy agents
have succeeded in recent randomized trials enriching the repertoire of available treatments for
advanced HCC. In addition, the early promise of immune checkpoint inhibition is now on the
cusp of delivering changes to standard systemic therapy algorithms. This review focuses on
recent translational and clinical developments that have advanced current practice and explores
the challenges encountered in attempting to improve the outcomes and experience of
patients diagnosed with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Frizziero
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Mairéad G. McNamara
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Rille Pihlak
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Roopa Kurup
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Hubner
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
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119
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Candia J, Bayarsaikhan E, Tandon M, Budhu A, Forgues M, Tovuu LO, Tudev U, Lack J, Chao A, Chinburen J, Wang XW. The genomic landscape of Mongolian hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4383. [PMID: 32873799 PMCID: PMC7462863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mongolia has the highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the world, but its causative factors and underlying tumor biology remain unknown. Here, we describe molecular characteristics of HCC from 76 Mongolian patients by whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing. We present a comprehensive analysis of mutational signatures, driver genes, and molecular subtypes of Mongolian HCC compared to 373 HCC patients of different races and ethnicities and diverse etiologies. Mongolian HCC consists of prognostic molecular subtypes similar to those found in patients from other areas of Asia, Europe, and North America, as well as other unique subtypes, suggesting the presence of distinct etiologies linked to Mongolian patients. In addition to common driver mutations (TP53, CTNNB1) frequently found in pan-cancer analysis, Mongolian HCC exhibits unique drivers (most notably GTF2IRD2B, PNRC2, and SPTA1), the latter of which is associated with hepatitis D viral infection. These results suggest the existence of new molecular mechanisms at play in Mongolian hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Candia
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Mayank Tandon
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anuradha Budhu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marshonna Forgues
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lkhagva-Ochir Tovuu
- General Laboratory Department, National Cancer Center, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Undarmaa Tudev
- Cancer Registry and Screening Department, National Cancer Center, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Justin Lack
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ann Chao
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Jigjidsuren Chinburen
- Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgical Department, National Cancer Center, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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120
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Associations among the mutational landscape, immune microenvironment, and prognosis in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:377-389. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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121
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Alvarez CS, Ortiz J, Bendfeldt‐Avila G, Xie Y, Wang M, Wu D, Higson H, Lee E, Teshome K, Barnoya J, Kleiner DE, Groopman JD, Orozco R, McGlynn KA, Gharzouzi E, Dean M. Analysis of TP53 aflatoxin signature mutation in hepatocellular carcinomas from Guatemala: A cross-sectional study (2016-2017). Health Sci Rep 2020; 3:e155. [PMID: 32382660 PMCID: PMC7202218 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Guatemala has the highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the Western hemisphere. The major risk factors in Guatemala are not well characterized, but the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) appears to be low, while the prevalence of aflatoxin (AFB1) exposure appears to be high. To examine whether AFB1 may contribute to the elevated incidence of HCC in Guatemala, this study examined the frequency of the AFB1-signature mutation in the TP53 gene (R249S) as well as other somatic mutations. In addition, we assessed whether the frequency of the TP53 mutation differed by sex. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) HCC tissues were obtained from three hospitals in Guatemala City between 2016 and 2017. In addition, tumor tissues preserved in RNAlater were also obtained. Sociodemographic and clinical information including HBV and HCV status were collected. Targeted sequencing of TP53 was performed in the FFPE samples, and a panel of 253 cancer-related genes was sequenced in the RNAlater samples. RESULTS Ninety-one FFPE tissues were examined, from 52 men and 39 women. Median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 62 (51-70). Among those with known HBV and HCV status, two were HBV+ and three were HCV+. Overall, 47% of the HCCs had a TP53 mutation. The AFB1-signature R249S mutation was present in 24%. No overlap between the R249S mutation and HBV+ was observed in this cohort. Among 18 RNAlater samples examined, 44% had any TP53 mutation and 33% had the R249S mutation. Other somatic mutations were identified in known HCC driver genes. CONCLUSIONS The presence of the TP53 R249S mutation in the samples studied suggests that AFB1 may contribute to the high incidence of HCC in Guatemala. The proportion of HBV+ tumors was low, suggesting that AFB1 may be associated with HCC in the absence of concomitant HBV infection. Further investigation of AFB1 and other risk factors for HCC in Guatemala is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S. Alvarez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| | - Jeremy Ortiz
- Instituto de Cancerología/INCANGuatemala CityGuatemala
| | | | - Yi Xie
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genetics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchGaithersburgMaryland
| | - Dongjing Wu
- Cancer Genetics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchGaithersburgMaryland
| | - Herbert Higson
- Cancer Genetics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchGaithersburgMaryland
| | - Elisa Lee
- Cancer Genetics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchGaithersburgMaryland
| | - Kedest Teshome
- Cancer Genetics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchGaithersburgMaryland
| | | | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of PathologyCenter for Cancer Research, NCI, NIHBethesdaMaryland
| | - John D. Groopman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins, UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Roberto Orozco
- Department of PathologyHospital General San Juan de DiosGuatemala CityGuatemala
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| | | | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
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Cao M, Wang S, Zou J, Wang W. Bioinformatics analyses of retinoblastoma reveal the retinoblastoma progression subtypes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8873. [PMID: 32509443 PMCID: PMC7246025 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Retinoblastoma (RB) is one common pediatric malignant tumor with dismal outcomes. Heterogeneity of RB and subtypes of RB were identified but the association between the subtypes of RB and RB progression have not been fully investigated. Methods Four public datasets were downloaded from Gene expression omnibus and normalization was performed to remove batch effect. Two public datasets were explored to obtain the RB progression gene signatures by differentially expression analysis while another two datasets were iterated for RB subtypes identification using consensus clustering. After the RB progressive subtype gene signatures were identified, we tested the diagnostic capacity of these gene signatures by receiver operation curve. Results Three hundreds and forty six genes that were enriched in cell cycle were identified as the progression signature in RB from two independent datasets. Four subtypes of RB were stratified by consensus clustering. A total of 21 genes from RB progression signature were differentially expressed between RB subtypes. One subtype with low expression cell division genes have less progression of all four subtypes. A panel of five RB subtype genes (CLUL1, CNGB1, ROM1, LRRC39 and RDH12) predict progression of RB. Conclusion Retinoblastoma is a highly heterogeneous tumor and the level of cell cycle related gene expression is associated with RB progression. A subpopulation of RB with high expression of visual perception has less progressive features. LRRC39 is potentially the RB progression subtype biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjing Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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123
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Zhou ZJ, Luo CB, Xin HY, Hu ZQ, Zhu GQ, Li J, Zhou SL. MACROD2 deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis by activating GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling. NPJ Genom Med 2020; 5:15. [PMID: 32257385 PMCID: PMC7113304 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variations (SVs) influence the development and progression of multiple types of cancer. The genes affected by SVs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their contribution to tumor growth and metastasis remain unknown. In this study, through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we identified MACROD2 as the gene most frequently affected by SVs, which were associated with low MACROD2 expression levels. Low MACROD2 expression was predictive of tumor recurrence and poor overall survival. MACROD2 expression was decreased in HCC cell lines, especially those with high metastatic potential. MACROD2 knockdown in HCC cells markedly enhanced proliferation and invasiveness in vitro and tumor progression in vivo and promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). By contrast, MACROD2 overexpression reversed EMT and inhibited HCC growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, MACROD2 deficiency suppressed glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity and activated β-catenin signaling, which mediated the effect of MACROD2 on HCC. In clinical HCC samples, decreased MACROD2 expression was correlated with the activation of GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling and the EMT phenotype. Overall, our results revealed that MACROD2 is frequently affected by SVs in HCC, and its deficiency promotes tumor growth and metastasis by activating GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jun Zhou
- 1Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Bin Luo
- 1Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Yang Xin
- 1Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- 1Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Qi Zhu
- 1Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- 1Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Lai Zhou
- 1Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200032 Shanghai, China
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Harnessing big 'omics' data and AI for drug discovery in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:238-251. [PMID: 31900465 PMCID: PMC7401304 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary adult liver cancer. After nearly a decade with sorafenib as the only approved treatment, multiple new agents have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, including the targeted therapies regorafenib, lenvatinib and cabozantinib, the anti-angiogenic antibody ramucirumab, and the immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Although these agents offer new promise to patients with HCC, the optimal choice and sequence of therapies remains unknown and without established biomarkers, and many patients do not respond to treatment. The advances and the decreasing costs of molecular measurement technologies enable profiling of HCC molecular features (such as genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome) at different levels, including bulk tissues, animal models and single cells. The release of such data sets to the public enhances the ability to search for information from these legacy studies and provides the opportunity to leverage them to understand HCC mechanisms, rationally develop new therapeutics and identify candidate biomarkers of treatment response. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of public data sets related to HCC and discuss how emerging artificial intelligence methods can be applied to identify new targets and drugs as well as to guide therapeutic choices for improved HCC treatment.
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125
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Lin Y, Sun L, Ye X. Expression of yhwaz and gene regulation network in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3971-3981. [PMID: 32382342 PMCID: PMC7202284 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein 14-3-3ζ is encoded by the yhwaz gene and implicated in a wide range of biological processes. In tumorigenesis, 14-3-3ζ recognizes specific phosphorylation motifs and interacts with hundreds of target proteins and is, thus, involved in the regulation of tumor proliferation, migration and differentiation. In the present study, bioinformatics tools were used to analyze data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases and the expression of yhwaz, and gene regulation networks were identified as potentially relevant in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In HCC, yhwaz expression was demonstrated to be upregulated and significantly associated with poor prognosis. Expression levels of microRNAs targeting yhwaz were associated with improved prognosis in patients with liver cancer. Gene networks that are regulated by yhwaz were found to be involved in cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis, indicating the potential use of the expression levels of yhwaz in liver tissue as predictive biomarkers in patients with liver cancer. In the present study, yhwaz was identified as a gene of interest through data mining gene expression databases and its involvement in regulatory networks in HCC was indicated. Therefore, further in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of yhwaz in the carcinogenesis of HCC would be greatly beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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126
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Liu H, Zheng S, Hou X, Liu X, Du K, Lv X, Li Y, Yang F, Li W, Sui J. Novel Abs targeting the N-terminus of fibroblast growth factor 19 inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma growth without bile-acid-related side-effects. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1750-1760. [PMID: 32061104 PMCID: PMC7226213 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and particularly fatal form of cancer for which very few drugs are effective. The fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) has been viewed as a driver of HCC development and a potential Ab target for developing novel HCC therapy. However, a previously developed anti‐FGF19 Ab disrupted FGF19’s normal regulatory function and caused severe bile‐acid‐related side‐effects despite of having potent antitumor effects in preclinical models. Here, we developed novel human Abs (G1A8 and HS29) that specifically target the N‐terminus of FGF19. Both Abs inhibited FGF19‐induced HCC cell proliferation in vitro and significantly suppressed HCC tumor growth in mouse models. Importantly, no bile‐acid‐related side effects were observed in preclinical cynomolgus monkeys. Fundamentally, our study demonstrates that it is possible to target FGF19 for anti‐HCC therapies without adversely affecting its normal bile acid regulatory function, and highlights the exciting promise of G1A8 or HS29 as potential therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisi Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences (PTN) Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanduo Zheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Hou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Ximing Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Kaixin Du
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Xueyuan Lv
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,PTN Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences (PTN) Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Sui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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127
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Lu ZN, Luo Q, Zhao LN, Shi Y, Wang N, Wang L, Han ZG. The Mutational Features of Aristolochic Acid-Induced Mouse and Human Liver Cancers. Hepatology 2020; 71:929-942. [PMID: 31692012 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aristolochic acid (AA) exposure has been statistically associated with human liver cancers. However, direct evidence of AA exposure-induced liver cancer is absent. This study aims to establish a direct causal relationship between AA exposure and liver cancers based on a mouse model and then explores the AA-mediated genomic alterations that could be implicated in human cancers with AA-associated mutational signature. APPROACH AND RESULTS We subjected mice, including phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten)-deficient ones, to aristolochic acid I (AAI) alone or a combination of AAI and CCl4 . Significantly, AAI exposure induced mouse liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and combined HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, AAI exposure also enhanced tumorigenesis in these CCl4 -treated or Pten-deficient mice. AAI led to DNA damage and AAI-DNA adduct that could initiate liver cancers through characteristic adenine-to-thymine transversions, as indicated by comprehensive genomic analysis, which revealed recurrent mutations in Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene. Interestingly, an AA-associated mutational signature was mainly implicated in human liver cancers, especially from China. Moreover, we detected the AAI-DNA adduct in 25.8% (16/62) of paratumor liver tissues from randomly selected Chinese patients with HCC. Furthermore, based on phylogenetic analysis, the characteristic mutations were found in the initiating malignant clones in the AA-implicated mouse and human liver cancers where the mutations of tumor protein p53 and Janus kinase 1 were prone to be significantly enriched in the AA-affected human tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for AA-induced liver cancer with the featured mutational processes during malignant clonal evolution, laying a solid foundation for the prevention and diagnosis of AA-associated human cancers, especially liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ning Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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128
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DNA and RNA sequencing identified a novel oncogene VPS35 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:3229-3244. [PMID: 32071398 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although cancer driver genes identified so far have been considered to be saturated or nearly saturated, challenges remain in discovering novel genes underlying carcinogenesis due to significant tumor heterogeneity. Here, in a small cohort of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated LIHC, we investigated the transcriptional patterns of tumor-mutated alleles using both whole-exome and RNA sequencing data. A graph clustering of the transcribed tumor-mutated alleles characterized overlapped functional clusters, and thus prioritized potentially novel oncogenes. We validated the function of the potentially novel oncogenes in vitro and in vivo. We showed that a component of the retromer complex-the vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35)-promoted the proliferation of hepatoma cell through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In VPS35-knockout hepatoma cells, a significantly reduced distribution of membrane fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) demonstrated the effects of VPS35 on sorting and trafficking of transmembrane receptor. This study provides insight into the roles of the retromer complex on carcinogenesis and has important implications for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for LIHC.
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129
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Kong F, Kong D, Yang X, Yuan D, Zhang N, Hua X, You H, Zheng K, Tang R. Integrative analysis of highly mutated genes in hepatitis B virus-related hepatic carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2462-2479. [PMID: 32017470 PMCID: PMC7131865 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene mutation is responsible for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; however, the characteristics and associated biological functions of highly mutated genes, in which the mutation frequencies are at least 5% in HCC patients with HBV infection, are not clearly evaluated. In the study, we analyzed the information regarding somatic mutation obtained by whole‐exome sequencing in 280 HBV‐related HCC tissues from public databases and published studies. Via integrative analysis, 78 genes, including TP53, TTN, MUC16, CTNNB1, and PCLO were summarized as highly mutated genes, and some of these mutated genes were further identified as cancer driver genes. Besides, we discovered that the highly mutated genes were enriched with various biological functions and pathways. The expression of many of highly mutated genes was found to be significantly altered in HBV‐related HCC, and several highly mutated genes were related to a variety of clinical factors and associated with the poor survival of the disease. Taken together, these results could enrich our understanding of highly mutated genes and their relationships with HBV‐related HCC. Some of the identified highly mutated genes might be used as novel biomarkers of disease prognosis, or as molecular targets for the treatment of HCC with HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Delong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dongchen Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Rebouissou S, Nault JC. Advances in molecular classification and precision oncology in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2020; 72:215-229. [PMID: 31954487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises from hepatocytes through the sequential accumulation of multiple genomic and epigenomic alterations resulting from Darwinian selection. Genes from various signalling pathways such as telomere maintenance, Wnt/β-catenin, P53/cell cycle regulation, oxidative stress, epigenetic modifiers, AKT/mTOR and MAP kinase are frequently mutated in HCC. Several subclasses of HCC have been identified based on transcriptomic dysregulation and genetic alterations that are closely related to risk factors, pathological features and prognosis. Undoubtedly, integration of data obtained from both preclinical models and human studies can help to accelerate the identification of robust predictive biomarkers of response to targeted biotherapy and immunotherapy. The aim of this review is to describe the main advances in HCC in terms of molecular biology and to discuss how this knowledge could be used in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rebouissou
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, F-75006 Paris, France; Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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131
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Jo H, Lee J, Jeon J, Kim SY, Chung JI, Ko HY, Lee M, Yun M. The critical role of glucose deprivation in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma under hypoxia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1538. [PMID: 32001727 PMCID: PMC6992695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is used to determine sites of abnormal glucose metabolism to predict high tumor grade, metastasis, and poor patient survival. However, not all tumors with increased 18F-FDG uptake show aggressive tumor biology, as evident from the moderate correlation between metastasis and high FDG uptake. We hypothesized that metastasis is likely attributable to the complexity and heterogeneity of the cancer microenvironment. To identify the cancer microenvironment that induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, tumor areas of patients with HCC were analyzed by immunostaining. Our data demonstrated the induction of EMT process in HCC cells with low proliferation under hypoxic conditions. To validate our finding, among HCC cell lines, HepG2 cells with highly increased expression of HIF1α under hypoxia were employed in vitro and in vivo. Major changes in EMT-associated protein expression, such as the up-regulation of N-cadherin and snail/slug are associated with decreased proliferation-related protein (PCNA) caused by glucose deprivation under hypoxia. Indeed, PCNA knockdown-HepG2 cells under hypoxia showed the induction of more EMT process compare to the control. Thus, HCC cells with low proliferative potential under glucose-deprived and hypoxic conditions show high probability for induced EMT process and promote cell invasion. This study investigates reasons as to why an EMT process cannot fully be predicted. Our observations indicate that rather than analyzing a single factor, an integrated analysis of hypoxia with low glucose metabolism and low cell proliferation might be helpful to predict the potential impact on induction of EMT process and promotion of cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhee Jo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jongsook Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeongyong Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon Yoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee-In Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Yong Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Misu Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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132
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Nault JC, Martin Y, Caruso S, Hirsch TZ, Bayard Q, Calderaro J, Charpy C, Copie-Bergman C, Ziol M, Bioulac-Sage P, Couchy G, Blanc JF, Nahon P, Amaddeo G, Ganne-Carrie N, Morcrette G, Chiche L, Duvoux C, Faivre S, Laurent A, Imbeaud S, Rebouissou S, Llovet JM, Seror O, Letouzé E, Zucman-Rossi J. Clinical Impact of Genomic Diversity From Early to Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2020; 71:164-182. [PMID: 31206197 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, genomic analyses of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been limited to early stages obtained from liver resection. We aim to describe the genomic profiling of HCC from early to advanced stages. We analyzed 801 HCC from 720 patients (410 resections, 137 transplantations, 122 percutaneous ablations, and 52 noncurative) for 190 gene expressions and for 31 gene mutations. Forty-one advanced HCC and 156 whole exome of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) 0/A were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing. Genomic profiling was correlated with tumor stages, clinical features, and survival. Our cohort included patients classified in BCLC stage 0 (9.4%), A (59.5%), B (16.2%), and C (14.9%). Among the overall 801 HCC, the most frequently mutated genes were telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) (58.1%), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) (30.7%), tumor protein 53 (TP53; 18.7%), AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) (13%), albumin (11.4%), apolipoprotein B (APOB) (9.4%), and AXIN1 (9.2%). Advanced-stage HCC (BCLC B/C) showed higher frequencies of splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) (P = 0.0003), TP53 (P = 0.0006), and RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1 mutations (P = 0.03). G1-G6 transcriptomic classification and the molecular prognostic 5-gene score showed different distributions according to the stage of the disease and the type of treatment with an enrichment of G3 (P < 0.0001), poor prognostic score (P < 0.0001), and increased proliferation and dedifferentiation at the transcriptomic level in advanced HCC. The 5-gene score predicted survival in patients treated by resection (P < 0.0001) and ablation (P = 0.01) and in advanced HCC (P = 0.04). Twenty-two percent of advanced HCC harbored potentially druggable genetic alterations, and MET amplification was associated with complete tumor response in patients with advanced HCC treated by a specific MET inhibitor. Conclusion: Genomic analysis across the different stages of HCC revealed the mechanisms of tumor progression and helped to identify biomarkers of response to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Nault
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Martin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Théo Z Hirsch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Bayard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil, Inserm U955, Team 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Cecile Charpy
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil, Inserm U955, Team 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Christiane Copie-Bergman
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil, Inserm U955, Team 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Marianne Ziol
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France.,Centre de Ressources Biologiques (BB-0033-00027) Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Paulette Bioulac-Sage
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabrielle Couchy
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Blanc
- Service Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Medico-Chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Nahon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Giuliana Amaddeo
- Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrie
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Morcrette
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Chiche
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Medico-Chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Duvoux
- Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sandrine Faivre
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, BCLC Group, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Seror
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France.,Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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133
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Li Y, Cong H, Wang S, Yu B, Shen Y. Liposomes modified with bio-substances for cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6442-6468. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01531h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, liposomes have been used in the field of biomedicine and have achieved many significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
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134
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Li X, Wu Y, Suo P, Liu G, Li L, Zhang X, Chen S, Xu M, Song L. Identification of a novel germline frameshift mutation p.D300fs of PMS1 in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19076. [PMID: 32000458 PMCID: PMC7004782 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE PMS1 is one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes with potential crucial roles in carcinogenesis. Very few reports have been identified on germline PMS1 mutations with definite disease phenotype. Here we report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a novel potential pathogenic germline PMS1 mutation. PATIENT CONCERNS A 46-year-old Chinese male with Hepatitis B infection history presented a single cancerous nodule (10×12×10 mm) at the left lobe of liver. The nodule was considered malignant by type-B ultrasonic and computed tomography (CT) examinations. DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION Liver lobectomy was performed to remove the liver cancerous nodule and postoperative TACE was performed for recurrence prevention. Pathological examination on resected tumor tissue confirmed the diagnosis of HCC. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified the c.900delT (p.D300fs) heterozygous germline mutation of PMS1, along with 253 nonsynonymous single nucleotide variations (SNVs), 14 Insertion or deletion mutations (INDELs) and 21 genes with copy number variations (CNVs). Three-dimensional prediction of protein tertiary structure suggested that the conformation of the enzyme active site and the ligand binding site might be changed due to the protein truncation. OUTCOMES The patient was still alive in good condition with no sign of recurrence in 12 months follow-up period. LESSONS The affected pathways in this case were unique from previously reported HCC patients with no PMS1 germline mutations. The novel PMS1 germline mutation may increase cancer risk. The roles of PMS1 germline mutations in carcinogenesis need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lele Song
- HaploX Biotechnology, Co., Ltd
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, PR China
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135
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Radu-Ionita F, Pyrsopoulos NT, Jinga M, Tintoiu IC, Sun Z, Bontas E. Viral Hepatitis B. LIVER DISEASES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7122759 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24432-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was first discovered on aboriginal Australians in 1963. Epidemiological studies soon recognized that HBV is a global chronic liver disease, with the highest prevalence rates in Asia and Africa. HBV is highly infectious, and in most cases transmitted from family members. Infections acquired during the perinatal period have a 90% chance of progressing to persistent HBV infection. This rate decreases to 2.3% when infection occurs at college student age. The persistent HBV infection starts with the immune tolerance phase when our immune system may recognize HBV antigens, but does not produce significant inflammation. An immune clearance reaction may develop to terminate HBV replication two to four decades later. When this immune clearance reaction successfully suppresses HBV replication, HBsAg carriers may progress to the residual phase. About 50% of HBsAg carriers ultimately clear HBsAg at age 80. Those patients unable to clear HBV replication smoothly have increased risk of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Current therapies decrease hepatic decompensation and increase survival rate. However, the sustained virologic response rate is lower than 40%. About 50% of patients experience a clinical flare within one year after therapy ends. Further studies will be needed to improve sustained virologic response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Radu-Ionita
- Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mariana Jinga
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion C. Tintoiu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Medical Radiation Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Ecaterina Bontas
- “Prof. C.C. Iliescu” Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
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136
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Goerlitz DS, Blancato J, Ramesh A, Islam M, Graham GT, Revina V, Kallakury B, Zeck J, Kirillova E, Loffredo CA. Somatic mutation signatures in primary liver tumors of workers exposed to ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18199. [PMID: 31796844 PMCID: PMC6890664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is associated with genetic mutations caused by environmental exposures, including occupational exposure to alpha radiation emitted by plutonium. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to characterize somatic mutations in 3 histologically distinct primary liver tumors (angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) from Mayak worker subjects occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) to investigate the contribution of IR to the mutational landscape of liver cancer. DNA sequence analysis revealed these tumors harbor an excess of deletions, with a deletions:substitutions ratio similar to that previously reported in radiation-associated tumors. These tumors were also enriched for clustered mutations, a signature of radiation exposure. Multiple tumors displayed similarities in abrogated gene pathways including actin cytoskeletal signaling and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. WES identified novel candidate driver genes in ASL involved in angiogenesis and PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR signaling. We confirmed known driver genes of CCA, and identified candidate driver genes involved in chromatin remodeling. In HCC tumors we validated known driver genes, and identified novel putative driver genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, chromatin remodeling, PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR signaling, and angiogenesis. This pilot study identifies several novel candidate driver mutations that are likely to be caused by IR exposure, and provides the first data on the mutational landscape of liver cancer after IR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goerlitz
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jan Blancato
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Archana Ramesh
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Md Islam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Valentina Revina
- Russian Radiobiology Human Tissue Repository, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russian Federation
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jay Zeck
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Evgeniya Kirillova
- Russian Radiobiology Human Tissue Repository, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russian Federation
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
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137
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Zhou SL, Zhou ZJ, Hu ZQ, Song CL, Luo YJ, Luo CB, Xin HY, Yang XR, Shi YH, Wang Z, Huang XW, Cao Y, Fan J, Zhou J. Genomic sequencing identifies WNK2 as a driver in hepatocellular carcinoma and a risk factor for early recurrence. J Hepatol 2019; 71:1152-1163. [PMID: 31349001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection is common. However, the association between genetic mechanisms and early HCC recurrence, especially in Chinese patients, remains largely unknown. METHODS We performed whole-genome sequencing (49 cases), whole-exome sequencing (18 cases), and deep targeted sequencing (115 cases) on 182 primary HCC samples. Focusing on WNK2, we used Sanger sequencing and qPCR to evaluate all the coding exons and copy numbers of that gene in an additional 554 HCC samples. We also explored the functional effect and mechanism of WNK2 on tumor growth and metastasis. RESULTS We identified 5 genes (WNK2, RUNX1T1, CTNNB1, TSC1, and TP53) harboring somatic mutations that correlated with early tumor recurrence after curative resection in 182 primary HCC samples. Focusing on WNK2, the overall somatic mutation and copy number loss occurred in 5.3% (39/736) and 27.2% (200/736), respectively, of the total 736 HCC samples. Both types of variation were associated with lower WNK2 protein levels, higher rates of early tumor recurrence, and shorter overall survival. Biofunctional investigations revealed a tumor-suppressor role of WNK2: its inactivation led to ERK1/2 signaling activation in HCC cells, tumor-associated macrophage infiltration, and tumor growth and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results delineate genomic events that characterize Chinese HCCs and identify WNK2 as a driver of early HCC recurrence after curative resection. LAY SUMMARY We applied next-generation sequencing and conducted an in-depth genomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinomas from a Chinese patient cohort. The results delineate the genomic events that characterize hepatocellular carcinomas in Chinese patients and identify WNK2 as a driver associated with early tumor recurrence after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lai Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng-Li Song
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi-Jie Luo
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chu-Bin Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao-Yang Xin
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying-Hong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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138
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Wang D, Zhu Y, Tang J, Lian Q, Luo G, Wen W, Zhang MQ, Wang H, Chen L, Gu J. Integrative molecular analysis of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:164. [PMID: 31722693 PMCID: PMC6854708 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major type of primary liver cancer. Intrahepatic metastasis, such as portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), strongly indicates poor prognosis of HCC. But now, there are limited understandings of the molecular features and mechanisms of those metastatic HCCs. Methods To characterize the molecular alterations of the metastatic HCCs, we implemented an integrative analysis of the copy number variations (CNVs), DNA methylations and transcriptomes of matched adjacent normal, primary tumor and PVTT samples from 19 HCC patients. Results CNV analysis identified a frequently amplified focal region chr11q13.3 and a novel deletion peak chr19q13.41 containing three miRNAs. The integrative analysis with RNA-seq data suggests that CNVs and differential promoter methylations regulate distinct oncogenic processes. Then, we used individualized differential analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes between matched primary tumor and PVTT of each patient. Results show that 5 out of 19 studied patients acquire evidential progressive alterations of gene expressions (more than 1000 differentially expressed genes were identified in each patient). While, another subset of eight patients have nearly identical gene expressions between the corresponding matched primary tumor and PVTT. Twenty genes were found to be recurrently and progressively differentially expressed in multiple patients. These genes are mainly associated with focal adhesion, xenobiotics metabolism by cytochrome P450 and amino acid metabolism. For several differentially expressed genes in metabolic pathways, their expressions are significantly associated with overall survivals and vascular invasions of HCC patients. The following transwell assay experiments validate that they can regulate invasive phenotypes of HCC cells. Conclusions The metastatic HCCs with PVTTs have significant molecular alterations comparing with adjacent normal tissues. The recurrent alteration patterns are similar to several previously published general HCC cohorts, but usually with higher severity. By an individualized differential analysis strategy, the progressively differentially expressed genes between the primary tumor and PVTT were identified for each patient. A few patients aquire evidential progressive alterations of gene expressions. And, experiments show that several recurrently differentially expressed genes can strongly regulate HCC cell invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Tang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan General Hospital, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiuyu Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guijuan Luo
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wen Wen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jin Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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139
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Genomic Perspective on Mouse Liver Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111648. [PMID: 31731480 PMCID: PMC6895968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selecting the most appropriate mouse model that best recapitulates human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) allows translation of preclinical mouse studies into clinical studies. In the era of cancer genomics, comprehensive and integrative analysis of the human HCC genome has allowed categorization of HCC according to molecular subtypes. Despite the variety of mouse models that are available for preclinical research, there is a lack of evidence for mouse models that closely resemble human HCC. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the accurate mouse models that represent human HCC based on molecular subtype as well as histologic aggressiveness. In this review, we summarize the mouse models integrated with human HCC genomic data to provide information regarding the models that recapitulates the distinct aspect of HCC biology and prognosis based on molecular subtypes.
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140
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Li W, Wang H, Ma Z, Zhang J, Ou-Yang W, Qi Y, Liu J. Multi-omics Analysis of Microenvironment Characteristics and Immune Escape Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1019. [PMID: 31681571 PMCID: PMC6803502 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune environment in primary tumor has a profound impact on immunotherapy. However, the clinical relevance of immune environment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. Here, the immune profile and its clinical response in HCC were investigated. The gene expression profiles of 569 HCCs from three cohorts (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA, n = 257; Gene Expression Omnibus, GEO, n = 170; International Cancer Genome Consortium, ICGC, n = 142) were used in the current study. Five gene expression subtypes (C1–C5) responsible for global immune genes were identified in HCCs at stage I/II. It was found that subtype C4 was associated with upregulation and subtype C5 was associated with downregulation of immune profiles in most metagenes. Immune-correlation analysis of the five subtypes demonstrated that C3 and C4 had higher immune score and better prognostic outcome, as compared with other subtypes. Moreover, the mutation frequencies of TP53, CTNNB1, and AXIN1 had significant difference in the five subgroups. Further, the expression of PDCD1, CD274, PDCD1LG2, CTLA4, CD86, and CD80 was higher in subtype C4 in comparison with the other subtypes. The WGCNA of immune-related genes in the five subtypes revealed that blue and turquoise modules were positively correlated with subtype C4 and were associated with 12 common pathways in the KEGG database. These results were validated in external cohorts from the NCI (National Cancer Institute) cohort (GSE14520) and the ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium) cohort. In summary, one immune-enhanced subtype and one immune-decreased subtype having different immune and clinical characteristics may provide guidance for developing novel treatment strategies for immune system malfunction-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China.,Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanzhong Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wen Ou-Yang
- Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
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141
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Tsuge S, Saberi B, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Kim A, Luu H, Abraham JM, Ybanez MD, Hamilton JP, Selaru FM, Villacorta-Martin C, Schlesinger F, Philosophe B, Cameron AM, Zhu Q, Anders R, Gurakar A, Meltzer SJ. Detection of Novel Fusion Transcript VTI1A-CFAP46 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastrointest Tumors 2019; 6:11-27. [PMID: 31602373 DOI: 10.1159/000496795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is now the second-highest cause of cancer death worldwide. Recent studies have discovered a wide range of somatic mutations in HCC. These mutations involve various vital signaling pathways such as: Wnt/β-Catenin, p53, telome-rase reverse transcriptase (TERT), chromatin remodeling, RAS/MAPK signaling, and oxidative stress. However, fusion transcripts have not been broadly explored in HCC. Methods To identify novel fusion transcripts in HCC, in the first phase of our study, we performed targeted RNA sequencing (in HCC and paired non-HCC tissues) on 6 patients with a diagnosis of HCC undergoing liver transplantation. Results As a result of these studies, we discovered the novel fusion transcript, VTI1A-CFAP46. In the second phase of our study, we measured the expression of wild-type VTI1A in 21 HCC specimens, which showed that 10 of 21 exhibited upregulation of wild-type VTI1A in their tumors. VTI1A (Vesicle Transport via Interaction with t-SNARE homolog 1A) is a member of the Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) gene family, which is essential for membrane trafficking and function in endocytosis, autophagy, and Golgi transport. Notably, it is known that autophagy is involved in HCC. Conclusions The link between novel fusion transcript VTI1A-CFAP46 and autophagy as a potential therapeutic target in HCC patients deserves further investigation. Moreover, this study shows that fusion transcripts are worthy of additional exploration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Tsuge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Behnam Saberi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Amy Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harry Luu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John M Abraham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria D Ybanez
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James P Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Florin M Selaru
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Philosophe
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew M Cameron
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Anders
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmet Gurakar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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142
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Potential and Challenges of Aptamers as Specific Carriers of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides for Precision Medicine in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101521. [PMID: 31636244 PMCID: PMC6826972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the progress made in the area of precision and personalized medicine in the field of cancer therapy, strategies to selectively and specifically identify target molecules causative of the diseases are urgently needed. Efforts are being made by a number of different laboratories, companies, and researchers to develop therapeutic molecules that selectively recognize the tissues and the cells of interest, exhibit few or no off-target and side effects, are non-immunogenic, and have a strong action. Aptamers, artificially selected single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, are promising molecules satisfying many of the requirements needed for diagnosis and precision medicine. Aptamers can also couple to their native mechanism of action the delivery of additional molecules (oligonucleotides, siRNAs, miRNAs) to target cells. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the aptamer-mediated strategy for the specific delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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143
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Wang D, Yang L, Yu W, Zhang Y. Investigational fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 antagonists in early phase clinical trials to treat solid tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:903-916. [PMID: 31560229 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1672655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a highly conserved transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR2 dysregulation occurs in numerous human solid tumors and overexpression is closely associated with tumor progression. FGFR2 has recently been reported as a therapeutic target for cancer. Several targeted therapies are being investigated to disrupt FGFR2 activity; these include multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), pan-FGFR targeted TKIs and FGFR2 monoclonal antibodies. Areas: This review examines FGFR2 regulation and function in cancer and its potential as a target for cancer treatment. Expert opinion: Highly specific FGFR2 blockers have not yet been developed and moreover, resistance to FGFR2-targeted therapies is a challenge. More sophisticated patient selection strategies would help improve FGFR2-targeted therapies and combination therapy is considered the most promising approach for cancer patients with FGFR2 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
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144
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Brunner SF, Roberts ND, Wylie LA, Moore L, Aitken SJ, Davies SE, Sanders MA, Ellis P, Alder C, Hooks Y, Abascal F, Stratton MR, Martincorena I, Hoare M, Campbell PJ. Somatic mutations and clonal dynamics in healthy and cirrhotic human liver. Nature 2019; 574:538-542. [PMID: 31645727 PMCID: PMC6837891 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The most common causes of chronic liver disease are excess alcohol intake, viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with the clinical spectrum ranging in severity from hepatic inflammation to cirrhosis, liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The genome of HCC exhibits diverse mutational signatures, resulting in recurrent mutations across more than 30 cancer genes1-7. Stem cells from normal livers have a low mutational burden and limited diversity of signatures8, which suggests that the complexity of HCC arises during the progression to chronic liver disease and subsequent malignant transformation. Here, by sequencing whole genomes of 482 microdissections of 100-500 hepatocytes from 5 normal and 9 cirrhotic livers, we show that cirrhotic liver has a higher mutational burden than normal liver. Although rare in normal hepatocytes, structural variants, including chromothripsis, were prominent in cirrhosis. Driver mutations, such as point mutations and structural variants, affected 1-5% of clones. Clonal expansions of millimetres in diameter occurred in cirrhosis, with clones sequestered by the bands of fibrosis that surround regenerative nodules. Some mutational signatures were universal and equally active in both non-malignant hepatocytes and HCCs; some were substantially more active in HCCs than chronic liver disease; and others-arising from exogenous exposures-were present in a subset of patients. The activity of exogenous signatures between adjacent cirrhotic nodules varied by up to tenfold within each patient, as a result of clone-specific and microenvironmental forces. Synchronous HCCs exhibited the same mutational signatures as background cirrhotic liver, but with higher burden. Somatic mutations chronicle the exposures, toxicity, regeneration and clonal structure of liver tissue as it progresses from health to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Brunner
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nicola D Roberts
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Luke A Wylie
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Luiza Moore
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sarah J Aitken
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pete Ellis
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Chris Alder
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Yvette Hooks
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Federico Abascal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | - Matthew Hoare
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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145
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Yim SY, Lee JS. The Genomic Landscape and Its Clinical Implications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17998/jlc.19.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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146
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Recurrent Mutations in APC and CTNNB1 and Activated Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Intraductal Papillary Neoplasms of the Bile Duct: A Whole Exome Sequencing Study. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 42:1674-1685. [PMID: 30212390 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the genetic landscape of biliary papillary neoplasms. Of 28 cases examined, 7 underwent whole exome sequencing, while the remaining 21 were used for validation studies with targeted sequencing. In the whole exome sequencing study, 4/7 cases had mutations in either APC or CTNNB1, both of which belong to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Somatic mutations were also identified in genes involved in RAS signaling (KRAS, BRAF), a cell cycle regulator (CDC27), histone methyltransferase (KMT2C, KMT2D), and DNA mismatch repair (MSH3, MSH6, PMS1). Combined with discovery and validation cohorts, mutations in APC or CTNNB1 were observed in 6/28 subjects (21%) and were mutually exclusive. When the cases were classified into intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNBs, n=14) and papillary cholangiocarcinomas (n=14) based on the recently proposed classification criteria, mutations in APC and CTNNB1 appeared to be entirely restricted to IPNBs with 6/14 cases (43%) harboring mutations in either gene. These genetic alterations were detected across the 3 nonintestinal histologic types. In immunohistochemistry, the aberrant cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression of β-catenin was found in not only 5/6 IPNBs with APC or CTNNB1 mutations, but also 6/8 cases with wild-type APC and CTNNB1 (total 79%). In addition, APC and CTNNB1 alterations were exceptional in nonpapillary cholangiocarcinomas (n=29) with a single case harboring CTNNB1 mutation (3%). This study demonstrated recurrent mutations in APC and CTNNB1 in nonintestinal-type IPNBs, suggesting that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is relevant to the development and progression of IPNBs.
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147
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Lin ZZ, Hsu C, Jeng YM, Hu FC, Pan HW, Wu YM, Hsu HC, Hu MCT, Cheng AL. Klotho-beta and fibroblast growth factor 19 expression correlates with early recurrence of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2019; 39:1682-1691. [PMID: 30698907 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) signalling play critical roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. This study explored the potential of FGF19- and FGFR4-related biomarkers in predicting early tumour recurrence (ETR) and survival in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We examined the mRNA expressions of FGF19, FGFR4, klotho-beta (KLB), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and FGF4 in 151 surgically resected, primary unifocal HCCs through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Generalized additive models were fitted to detect nonlinear effects of continuous covariates and define thresholds of biomarker expressions. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic values of these biomarkers for tumour recurrence and patient survival. RESULTS Overexpression of FGF19, FGFR4, KLB, CCND1 and FGF4 mRNA was detected in 40%, 32%, 26%, 15% and 35% of 151 tumours respectively. ETR was the strongest prognostic factor predicting worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 5.678; 95% confidence interval, 3.7-8.713; P < 0.001). Furthermore, we revealed that mRNA expression levels of KLB (HR, 3.857; P = 0.021) and FGF19 (HR, 3.248; P = 0.017) were significantly associated with the occurrence of ETR. CONCLUSIONS Frequent overexpression of FGF19/FGFR4-related biomarkers was detected in resectable HCC. Expression levels of KLB and FGF19 may determine patient survival outcomes through their effects on ETR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhe Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hey-Chi Hsu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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148
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Molecular and histological correlations in liver cancer. J Hepatol 2019; 71:616-630. [PMID: 31195064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer, both at the molecular and histological level. High-throughput sequencing and gene expression profiling have identified distinct transcriptomic subclasses and numerous recurrent genetic alterations; several HCC subtypes characterised by histological features have also been identified. HCC phenotype appears to be closely related to particular gene mutations, tumour subgroups and/or oncogenic pathways. Non-proliferative tumours display a well-differentiated phenotype. Among this molecular subgroup, CTNNB1-mutated HCCs constitute a homogeneous subtype, exhibiting cholestasis and microtrabecular and pseudoglandular architectural patterns. Another non-proliferative subtype has a gene expression pattern similar to that of mature hepatocytes (G4) and displays a steatohepatitic phenotype. In contrast, proliferative HCCs are most often poorly differentiated, and notably include tumours with progenitor features. A novel morphological variant of proliferative HCC - designated "macrotrabecular-massive" - was recently shown to be associated with angiogenesis activation and poor prognosis. Altogether, these findings may help to translate our knowledge of HCC biology into clinical practice, resulting in improved precision medicine for patients with this highly aggressive malignancy. This manuscript reviews the most recent data in this exciting field, discussing future directions and challenges.
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149
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Caruso S, Calatayud AL, Pilet J, La Bella T, Rekik S, Imbeaud S, Letouzé E, Meunier L, Bayard Q, Rohr-Udilova N, Péneau C, Grasl-Kraupp B, de Koning L, Ouine B, Bioulac-Sage P, Couchy G, Calderaro J, Nault JC, Zucman-Rossi J, Rebouissou S. Analysis of Liver Cancer Cell Lines Identifies Agents With Likely Efficacy Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Markers of Response. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:760-776. [PMID: 31063779 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are heterogeneous aggressive tumors with low rates of response to treatment at advanced stages. We screened a large panel of liver cancer cell lines (LCCLs) to identify agents that might be effective against HCC and markers of therapeutic response. METHODS We performed whole-exome RNA and microRNA sequencing and quantification of 126 proteins in 34 LCCLs. We screened 31 anticancer agents for their ability to decrease cell viability. We compared genetic, RNA, and protein profiles of LCCLs with those of primary HCC samples and searched for markers of response. RESULTS The protein, RNA and mutational signatures of the LCCLs were similar to those of the proliferation class of HCC, which is the most aggressive tumor type. Cell lines with alterations in genes encoding members of the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway and that required fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19 signaling via FGF receptor 4 for survival were more sensitive to trametinib than to FGF receptor 4 inhibitors. Amplification of FGF19 resulted in increased activity of FGF19 only in tumor cells that kept a gene expression pattern of hepatocyte differentiation. We identified single agents and combinations of agents that reduced viability of cells with features of the progenitor subclass of HCC. LCCLs with inactivating mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 were sensitive to the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor rapamycin, and cells with inactivating mutations in TP53 were sensitive to the Aurora kinase A inhibitor alisertib. Amplification of MET was associated with hypersensitivity to cabozantinib and the combination of sorafenib and inhibitors of MAP kinase 1 and MAP kinase2 had a synergistic antiproliferative effect. CONCLUSION LCCLs can be screened for drugs and agents that might be effective for treatment of HCC. We identified genetic alterations and gene expression patterns associated with response to these agents. This information might be used to select patients for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Anna-Line Calatayud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Jill Pilet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Tiziana La Bella
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Samia Rekik
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Léa Meunier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Quentin Bayard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal, Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Camille Péneau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leanne de Koning
- RPPA Platform, Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Bérengère Ouine
- RPPA Platform, Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Paulette Bioulac-Sage
- Bariton INSERM, UMR-1053, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pathology, Pellegrin Hospital, Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabrielle Couchy
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Anathomopathology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, University of Paris Est Créteil, Inserm U955, Team 18, Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France; Liver unit, Jean Verdier Hospital, University Hospitals Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bondy, France; Training and Research Unit of Health Medicine and Human Biology, University of Paris 13, Community of Universities and Institutions Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France; European Hospital Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, F-75015, Paris, France.
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS-1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75000 Paris, France.
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Yin Y, Wu S, Zhao X, Zou L, Luo A, Deng F, Min M, Jiang L, Liu H, Wu X. Whole exome sequencing study of a Chinese concurrent cancer family. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2619-2627. [PMID: 31452746 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in China, and poses a threat to public health due to its increasing incidence and mortality rates. Concurrent cancer is defined as one or more organs in the same individual having ≥2 primary malignancies occurring simultaneously or successively; however, concurrent cases are rare and poorly studied. The present study recruited a Chinese family presenting multiple cases of concurrent cancer and performed whole exome sequencing in one unaffected and two affected individuals to identify the causative mutations. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and tumor tissue samples. Following an exome capture and quality test, the qualified library was sequenced as 100 bp paired-end reads on an Ion Torrent platform. Clean data were obtained by filtering out the low-quality reads. Subsequently, bioinformatics analyses were performed using the clean data. After mapping and annotating in 1000 Genomes Project database, the existing SNP database and the Cancer Gene Census (CGC) database, it was revealed that the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S7 gene was a candidate gene with somatic mutations, and a subset of 16 genes were candidate genes with germline mutations. The findings of the present study may improve the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of concurrent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifa Yin
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The Second People's Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Shouxin Wu
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- Graduate School of Oncology, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Liyong Zou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The Second People's Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The Second People's Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The Second People's Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Min
- Graduate School of Oncology, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Jiang
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiangbai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
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