101
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Gamage CL, Hageman TS, Weis DD. Rapid Prediction of Deamidation Rates of Proteins to Assess Their Long-Term Stability Using Hydrogen Exchange–Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1964-1972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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102
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Giorgetti J, Lechner A, Del Nero E, Beck A, François YN, Leize-Wagner E. Intact monoclonal antibodies separation and analysis by sheathless capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:324-332. [PMID: 30351978 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718807798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry coupling is a growing technique in biopharmaceutics characterization. Assessment of monoclonal antibodies is well known at middle-up and bottom-up levels to obtain information about the sequence, post-translational modifications and degradation products. Intact protein analysis is an actual challenge to be closer to the real protein structure. At this level, actual techniques are time consuming or cumbersome processes. In this work, a 20 minutes separation method has been developed to optimize characterization of intact monoclonal antibodies. Thus, separation has been done on a positively charged coated capillary with optimized volatile background electrolyte and sample buffer. Three world-wide health authorities approved monoclonal antibodies have been used to set up a rapid and ease of use method. Intact trastuzumab, rituximab and palivizumab isoforms have been partially separated with this method in less than 20 minutes under denaturing conditions. For each monoclonal antibody, 2X-glycosylated and 1X-glycosylated structures have been identified and separated. Concerning basic and acidic variants, potential aspartic acid isomerization modification and asparagine deamidation have been observed. Accurate mass determination for high-mass molecular species remains a challenge, but the progress in intact monoclonal antibodies separation appears very promising for biopharmaceutics characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Giorgetti
- 1 Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antony Lechner
- 1 Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Del Nero
- 1 Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Beck
- 2 Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- 1 Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- 1 Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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103
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Chen X, Liu X, Xiao Z, Liu J, Zhao L, Tan WS, Fan L. Insights into the loss of protein sialylation in an fc-fusion protein-producing CHO cell bioprocess. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4753-4765. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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104
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Modifications of recombinant monoclonal antibodies in vivo. Biologicals 2019; 59:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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105
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Tuning selectivity in cation-exchange chromatography applied for monoclonal antibody separations, part 1: Alternative mobile phases and fine tuning of the separation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 168:138-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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106
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Ogawa C, Inoue M, Yatabe M, Nagayama Y, Gomi H, Nakadate K, Adachi S, Yachi Y, Itoh T. Analysis of inline-filter blockage with trastuzumab formulation using scanning-electron microscopy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108711. [PMID: 30970515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The instability of pharmaceutical monoclonal antibodies are affected by physical stimuli including, temperature, denaturant, surfactant, stirring, solid phase adsorption, oxidation, and ultraviolet rays. Clinically, we frequently experience precipitation during preparation of several pharmaceutical monoclonal antibodies for cancer. Although it is possible to remove precipitates in the injection solution during the preparation procedure, potential filter blockade during administration remains a problem with adverse effects on the quality of life of patients. Therefore we sought to investigate factors contributing to this phenomenon. To closely observed the mechanisms involved in blockade of filters during trastuzumab preparation, we prepared samples under the same conditions used in clinical practice and observed them comprehensively. The precipitates that caused filter blockade were observed when the samples were vigorously shaken and left for several hours after dissolving. The precipitates were identified as proteins. The vigorous shaking caused contact between the protein and air, which induced protein precipitation caused by the surfactants derived from the foam formation. We discovered that the external stimulation may cause the instability of monoclonal antibody preparations and, so, it is important for procedures to be as rapid to avoid precipitate formation as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Motoki Inoue
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Megumi Yatabe
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nagayama
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroko Gomi
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakadate
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Shigeru Adachi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yachi
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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107
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Cerutti ML, Pesce A, Bès C, Seigelchifer M. Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of RTXM83, a New Rituximab Biosimilar. BioDrugs 2019; 33:307-319. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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108
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Cao X, Flagg SC, Li X, Chennamsetty N, Balakrishnan G, Das TK. Quadrupole Dalton-Based Controlled Proteolysis Method for Characterization of Higher Order Protein Structure. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5339-5345. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cao
- Biologics Methods and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Shannon C. Flagg
- Biologics Methods and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Xue Li
- Biologics Methods and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Naresh Chennamsetty
- Biologics Methods and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Gurusamy Balakrishnan
- Biologics Methods and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Tapan K. Das
- Biologics Methods and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, New Jersey 08534, United States
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109
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Alam ME, Barnett GV, Slaney TR, Starr CG, Das TK, Tessier PM. Deamidation Can Compromise Antibody Colloidal Stability and Enhance Aggregation in a pH-Dependent Manner. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1939-1949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magfur E. Alam
- Isermann Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Gregory V. Barnett
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Thomas R. Slaney
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Charles G. Starr
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tapan K. Das
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Isermann Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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110
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Garcia NK, Deperalta G, Wecksler AT. Current Trends in Biotherapeutic Higher Order Structure Characterization by Irreversible Covalent Footprinting Mass Spectrometry. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:35-43. [PMID: 30484396 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666181128141953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotherapeutics, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are a maturing class of drugs capable of treating a wide range of diseases. Therapeutic function and solutionstability are linked to the proper three-dimensional organization of the primary sequence into Higher Order Structure (HOS) as well as the timescales of protein motions (dynamics). Methods that directly monitor protein HOS and dynamics are important for mapping therapeutically relevant protein-protein interactions and assessing properly folded structures. Irreversible covalent protein footprinting Mass Spectrometry (MS) tools, such as site-specific amino acid labeling and hydroxyl radical footprinting are analytical techniques capable of monitoring the side chain solvent accessibility influenced by tertiary and quaternary structure. Here we discuss the methodology, examples of biotherapeutic applications, and the future directions of irreversible covalent protein footprinting MS in biotherapeutic research and development. CONCLUSION Bottom-up mass spectrometry using irreversible labeling techniques provide valuable information for characterizing solution-phase protein structure. Examples range from epitope mapping and protein-ligand interactions, to probing challenging structures of membrane proteins. By paring these techniques with hydrogen-deuterium exchange, spectroscopic analysis, or static-phase structural data such as crystallography or electron microscopy, a comprehensive understanding of protein structure can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Garcia
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Galahad Deperalta
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Aaron T Wecksler
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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111
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Jin Y, Lin Z, Xu Q, Fu C, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Pritts WA, Ge Y. Comprehensive characterization of monoclonal antibody by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. MAbs 2019; 11:106-115. [PMID: 30230956 PMCID: PMC6343775 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1525253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry's interest in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their derivatives has spurred rapid growth in the commercial and clinical pipeline of these effective therapeutics. The complex micro-heterogeneity of mAbs requires in-depth structural characterization for critical quality attribute assessment and quality assurance. Currently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods are the gold standard in mAb analysis, primarily with a bottom-up approach in which immunoglobulins G (IgGs) and their variants are digested into peptides to facilitate the analysis. Comprehensive characterization of IgGs and the micro-variants remains challenging at the proteoform level. Here, we used both top-down and middle-down MS for in-depth characterization of a human IgG1 using ultra-high resolution Fourier transform MS. Our top-down MS analysis provided characteristic fingerprinting of the IgG1 proteoforms at unit mass resolution. Subsequently, the tandem MS analysis of intact IgG1 enabled the detailed sequence characterization of a representative IgG1 proteoform at the intact protein level. Moreover, we used the middle-down MS analysis to characterize the primary glycoforms and micro-variants. Micro-variants such as low-abundance glycoforms, C-terminal glycine clipping, and C-terminal proline amidation were characterized with bond cleavages higher than 44% at the subunit level. By combining top-down and middle-down analysis, 76% of bond cleavage (509/666 amino acid bond cleaved) of IgG1 was achieved. Taken together, we demonstrated the combination of top-down and middle-down MS as powerful tools in the comprehensive characterization of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qingge Xu
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cexiong Fu
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhaorui Zhang
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qunying Zhang
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wayne A. Pritts
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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112
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Sampei Z, Haraya K, Tachibana T, Fukuzawa T, Shida-Kawazoe M, Gan SW, Shimizu Y, Ruike Y, Feng S, Kuramochi T, Muraoka M, Kitazawa T, Kawabe Y, Igawa T, Hattori K, Nezu J. Antibody engineering to generate SKY59, a long-acting anti-C5 recycling antibody. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209509. [PMID: 30592762 PMCID: PMC6310256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating the complement system is a promising strategy in drug discovery for disorders with uncontrolled complement activation. Although some of these disorders can be effectively treated with an antibody that inhibits complement C5, the high plasma concentration of C5 requires a huge dosage and frequent intravenous administration. Moreover, a conventional anti-C5 antibody can cause C5 to accumulate in plasma by reducing C5 clearance when C5 forms an immune complex (IC) with the antibody, which can be salvaged from endosomal vesicles by neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling. In order to neutralize the increased C5, an even higher dosage of the antibody would be required. This antigen accumulation can be suppressed by giving the antibody a pH-dependent C5-binding property so that C5 is released from the antibody in the acidic endosome and then trafficked to the lysosome for degradation, while the C5-free antibody returns back to plasma. We recently demonstrated that a pH-dependent C5-binding antibody, SKY59, exhibited long-lasting neutralization of C5 in cynomolgus monkeys, showing potential for subcutaneous delivery or less frequent administration. Here we report the details of the antibody engineering involved in generating SKY59, from humanizing a rabbit antibody to improving the C5-binding property. Moreover, because the pH-dependent C5-binding antibodies that we first generated still accumulated C5, we hypothesized that the surface charges of the ICs partially contributed to a slow uptake rate of the C5–antibody ICs. This idea motivated us to engineer the surface charges of the antibody. Our surface-charge engineered antibody consequently exhibited a high capacity to sweep C5 and suppressed the C5 accumulation in vivo by accelerating the cycle of sweeping: uptake of ICs into cells, release of C5 from the antibody in endosomes, and salvage of the antigen-free antibody. Thus, our engineered anti-C5 antibody, SKY59, is expected to provide significant benefits for patients with complement-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenjiro Sampei
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Fukuzawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Meiri Shida-Kawazoe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yoshinao Ruike
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shu Feng
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Masaru Muraoka
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takehisa Kitazawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
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113
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Yusakul G, Sakamoto S, Tanaka H, Morimoto S. Improvement of heavy and light chain assembly by modification of heavy chain constant region 1 (CH1): Application for the construction of an anti-paclitaxel fragment antigen-binding (Fab) antibody. J Biotechnol 2018; 288:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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114
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Füssl F, Trappe A, Cook K, Scheffler K, Fitzgerald O, Bones J. Comprehensive characterisation of the heterogeneity of adalimumab via charge variant analysis hyphenated on-line to native high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. MAbs 2018; 11:116-128. [PMID: 30296204 PMCID: PMC6343805 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1531664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge variant analysis is a widely used tool to monitor changes in product quality during the manufacturing process of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Although it is a powerful technique for revealing mAb heterogeneity, an unexpected outcome, for example the appearance of previously undetected isoforms, requires further, time-consuming analysis. The process of identifying these unknowns can also result in unwanted changes to the molecule that are not attributable to the manufacturing process. To overcome this, we recently reported a method combining highly selective cation exchange chromatography-based charge variant analysis with on-line mass spectrometric (MS) detection. We further explored and adapted the chromatographic buffer system to expand the application range. Moreover, we observed no salt adducts on the native protein, also supported by the optimal choice of MS parameters, resulting in increased data quality and mass accuracy. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this improved method by performing an in-depth analysis of adalimumab before and after forced degradation. By combining molecular mass and retention time information, we were able to identify multiple modifications on adalimumab, including lysine truncation, glycation, deamidation, succinimide formation, isomerisation, N-terminal aspartic acid loss or C-terminal proline amidation and fragmentation along with the N-glycan distribution of each of these identified proteoforms. Host cell protein (HCP) analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry that verified the presence of the protease Cathepsin L. Based on the presence of trace HCPs with catalytic activity, it can be questioned if fragmentation is solely driven by spontaneous hydrolysis or possibly also by enzymatic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Füssl
- a Characterisation and Comparability Lab , NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Co , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Anne Trappe
- a Characterisation and Comparability Lab , NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Co , Dublin , Ireland.,b School of Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Ken Cook
- c Thermo Fisher Scientific , Hemel Hempstead , UK
| | | | - Oliver Fitzgerald
- e St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin 4 , Ireland.,f Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research , University College Dublin , Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- a Characterisation and Comparability Lab , NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Co , Dublin , Ireland.,g School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin , Dublin 4 , Ireland
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115
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Rehder DS, Wisniewski CJ, Liu D, Ren D, Farnan D, Schenauer MR. Expression vector-derived heterogeneity in a therapeutic IgG4 monoclonal antibody. MAbs 2018; 11:145-152. [PMID: 30365358 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1540254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While characterizing a therapeutic IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb), we observed a variant with a mass 1177 Da larger than the predominant mAb form that could not be ascribed to previously described modifications. Through successive rounds of experimentation, we localized the mass addition to the C-terminus of the heavy chain (HC). During this process we observed that when the mAb was broken down into separate domains, the Fc and the 1177 Da-modified Fc could be chromatographically separated. Separation allowed collection of native and modified Fc fractions for LC/MS peptide mapping. A unique peptide present in the modified fraction was de novo sequenced and demonstrated to be a modified form of the HC C-terminus lacking two native residues (GK) and gaining twelve additional non-native residues (EAEAASASELFQ). Aware of other mAb variants with genetic origins, we sought to understand whether this modification too had a genetic basis. In silico translation of the expression vector encoding the mAb demonstrated that a normally non-coding section of nucleotides in the + 1 reading frame relative to the HC C-terminal coding region could have led to a transcript with the non-native C-terminal extension. Two potential mechanisms for how this nucleotide sequence might have fused to the native HC coding region and led to expression of the extension product are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Rehder
- a Biologics Analytical Operations , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , CA , USA
| | - Chris J Wisniewski
- a Biologics Analytical Operations , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , CA , USA
| | - Denfeng Liu
- a Biologics Analytical Operations , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , CA , USA
| | - Diya Ren
- a Biologics Analytical Operations , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , CA , USA
| | - Dell Farnan
- a Biologics Analytical Operations , Gilead Sciences , Oceanside , CA , USA
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116
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Beyer B, Walch N, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. How Similar Is Biosimilar? A Comparison of Infliximab Therapeutics in Regard to Charge Variant Profile and Antigen Binding Affinity. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800340. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Beyer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Muthgasse 18A‐1190ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyMuthgasse 18A‐1190 ViennaAustria
| | - Nicole Walch
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Muthgasse 18A‐1190ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyMuthgasse 18A‐1190 ViennaAustria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Muthgasse 18A‐1190ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyMuthgasse 18A‐1190 ViennaAustria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Muthgasse 18A‐1190ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyMuthgasse 18A‐1190 ViennaAustria
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117
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Sankaran PK, Kabadi PG, Honnappa CG, Subbarao M, Pai HV, Adhikary L, Palanivelu DV. Identification and quantification of product-related quality attributes in bio-therapeutic monoclonal antibody via a simple, and robust cation-exchange HPLC method compatible with direct online detection of UV and native ESI-QTOF-MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:83-95. [PMID: 30380467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Modern analytical ion-exchange chromatography is one of the conventional tools used for assessment of product-related quality attributes in bio-therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we present an approach to resolve, identify, and quantify product-related substances of therapeutic mAb at its intact molecular level by cation exchange (CIEX) HPLC coupled directly to electrospray ionization - quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). This method utilizes pH gradient elution mode comprised of ammonium formate buffer components, and a weak cation exchange column as stationary phase. Furthermore, ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) provided additional insights on its higher order structure. Also, orthogonal assays such as conventional CIEX-HPLC, high resolution capillary isoelectric focusing, peptide mapping, spectroscopic, and fluorescence methods were used considerably to support the findings. Additionally, an in vitro assay was included to assess the associated impact on Fc mediated function. Overall, the developed method with simultaneous detection of UV peak area percentage at 280 nm and native ESI-MS is found to be a rapid and robust analytical tool for direct assessment of structural and purity attributes, process optimization, product development, and to decipher the relevant role of micro-variants on quality, stability, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kallamvalliillam Sankaran
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India.
| | - Pradeep G Kabadi
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Chethan Gejjalagere Honnappa
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Malini Subbarao
- Bioassay Development Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Harish V Pai
- Bioassay Development Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Laxmi Adhikary
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Dinesh V Palanivelu
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Limited, Biocon Park, Bommasandra - Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra Industrial Area Phase IV, Bangalore 560099, India
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118
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Zhuang Y, Chen D, Sharma A, Xu Z. Risk-Based Comparability Assessment for Monoclonal Antibodies During Drug Development: A Clinical Pharmacology Perspective. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:109. [PMID: 30324224 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to complexities in the structure, function, and manufacturing process of antibody-based therapeutic proteins, comparability assessment for supporting manufacturing changes can sometimes be a challenging task. Regulatory guidance recommends a hierarchical risk-based approach, starting with Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) analytical characterizations, followed by non-clinical and/or clinical studies to ensure that any potential changes in quality attributes have no adverse impact on efficacy and safety of the product. This review focuses on the changes in quality attributes which may potentially affect the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) product, and provides general guidelines in designing non-clinical and clinical PK/PD studies to help support comparability assessments. A decision tree for comparability assessment is proposed depending on the nature of the changes in quality attributes, the potential impact of such changes, and the timing of the manufacturing change relative to the development process. Ideally, the optimization of manufacturing process should take place in the early stage of drug development (i.e., preclinical to phase 2a) as more stringent comparability criteria would have to be met if manufacturing changes occur in the late stage of drug development (i.e., phase 2b and after), and consequently, major changes in manufacturing process should be avoided during confirmatory phase 3 studies and post-approval of drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhuang
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA
| | - Amarnath Sharma
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Global Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477, USA.
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119
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Development and Validation of Salt Gradient CEX Chromatography Method for Charge Variants Separation and Quantitative Analysis of the IgG mAb-Cetuximab. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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120
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Yan Y, Liu AP, Wang S, Daly TJ, Li N. Ultrasensitive Characterization of Charge Heterogeneity of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Using Strong Cation Exchange Chromatography Coupled to Native Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13013-13020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetian Yan
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Anita P. Liu
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Shunhai Wang
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Thomas J. Daly
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
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121
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DiCara DM, Andersen N, Chan R, Ernst JA, Ayalon G, Lazar GA, Agard NJ, Hilderbrand A, Hötzel I. High-throughput screening of antibody variants for chemical stability: identification of deamidation-resistant mutants. MAbs 2018; 10:1073-1083. [PMID: 30130444 PMCID: PMC6204805 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1504726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Developability assessment of therapeutic antibody candidates assists drug discovery by enabling early identification of undesirable instabilities. Rapid chemical stability screening of antibody variants can accelerate the identification of potential solutions. We describe here the development of a high-throughput assay to characterize asparagine deamidation. We applied the assay to identify a mutation that unexpectedly stabilizes a critical asparagine. Ninety antibody variants were incubated under thermal stress in order to induce deamidation and screened for both affinity and total binding capacity. Surprisingly, a mutation five residues downstream from the unstable asparagine greatly reduced deamidation. Detailed assessment by LC-MS analysis confirmed the predicted improvement. This work describes both a high-throughput method for antibody stability screening during the early stages of antibody discovery and highlights the value of broad searches of antibody sequence space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. DiCara
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nisana Andersen
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Chan
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James A. Ernst
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gai Ayalon
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Greg A. Lazar
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Agard
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy Hilderbrand
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isidro Hötzel
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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122
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Continuous integrated manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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123
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Niu H, Wang J, Liu M, Chai M, Zhao L, Liu X, Fan L, Tan WS. Uridine modulates monoclonal antibody charge heterogeneity in Chinese hamster ovary cell fed-batch cultures. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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124
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Martínez-Ortega A, Herrera A, Salmerón-García A, Cabeza J, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Navas N. Validated reverse phase HPLC diode array method for the quantification of intact bevacizumab, infliximab and trastuzumab for long-term stability study. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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125
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He M, Zhong C, Hu H, Jin Y, Chen Y, Lou K, Gao F. Cyclodextrin/chitosan nanoparticles for oral ovalbumin delivery: Preparation, characterization and intestinal mucosal immunity in mice. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:193-203. [PMID: 32104451 PMCID: PMC7032233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel oral protein delivery system with enhanced intestinal penetration and improved antigen stability based on chitosan (CS) nanoparticles and antigen-cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complex was prepared by a precipitation/coacervation method. Ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen was firstly encapsulated by cyclodextrin, either β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) or carboxymethyl-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-HP-β-CD) and formed OVA-CD inclusion complexes, which were then loaded to chitosan nanoparticles to form OVA loaded β-CD/CS or CM-HP-β-CD/CS nanoparticles with uniform particle size (836.3 and 779.2 nm, respectively) and improved OVA loading efficiency (27.6% and 20.4%, respectively). In vitro drug release studies mimicking oral delivery condition of OVA loaded CD/CS nanoparticles showed low initial releases at pH 1.2 for 2 h less than 3.0% and a delayed release which was below to 30% at pH 6.8 for further 72 h. More importantly, after oral administration of OVA loaded β-CD/CS nanoparticles to Balb/c mice, OVA-specific sIgA levels in jejunum of OVA loaded β-CD/CS nanoparticles were 3.6-fold and 1.9-fold higher than that of OVA solution and OVA loaded chitosan nanoparticles, respectively. In vivo evaluation results showed that OVA loaded CD/CS nanoparticles could enhance its efficacy for inducing intestinal mucosal immune response. In conclusion, our data suggested that CD/CS nanoparticles could serve as a promising antigen-delivery system for oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muye He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huibing Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanzuo Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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126
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Háda V, Bagdi A, Bihari Z, Timári SB, Fizil Á, Szántay C. Recent advancements, challenges, and practical considerations in the mass spectrometry-based analytics of protein biotherapeutics: A viewpoint from the biosimilar industry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:214-238. [PMID: 30205300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The extensive analytical characterization of protein biotherapeutics, especially of biosimilars, is a critical part of the product development and registration. High-resolution mass spectrometry became the primary analytical tool used for the structural characterization of biotherapeutics. Its high instrumental sensitivity and methodological versatility made it possible to use this technique to characterize both the primary and higher-order structure of these proteins. However, even by using high-end instrumentation, analysts face several challenges with regard to how to cope with industrial and regulatory requirements, that is, how to obtain accurate and reliable analytical data in a time- and cost-efficient way. New sample preparation approaches, measurement techniques and data evaluation strategies are available to meet those requirements. The practical considerations of these methods are discussed in the present review article focusing on hot topics, such as reliable and efficient sequencing strategies, minimization of artefact formation during sample preparation, quantitative peptide mapping, the potential of multi-attribute methodology, the increasing role of mass spectrometry in higher-order structure characterization and the challenges of MS-based identification of host cell proteins. On the basis of the opportunities in new instrumental techniques, methodological advancements and software-driven data evaluation approaches, for the future one can envision an even wider application area for mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Háda
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bagdi
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bihari
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | | | - Ádám Fizil
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szántay
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary.
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127
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Wang L, Bo T, Zhang Z, Wang G, Tong W, Da Yong Chen D. High Resolution Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Peptides, Proteins, And Monoclonal Antibodies with a Flow-through Microvial Interface. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9495-9503. [PMID: 29993237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Tao Bo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 7th Floor, Building F, Tower West, Yonghe Plaza, No. 28 Andingmen Street East, Beijing, China 100007
| | - Zhengxiang Zhang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 7th Floor, Building F, Tower West, Yonghe Plaza, No. 28 Andingmen Street East, Beijing, China 100007
| | - Guanbo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
| | - Wenjun Tong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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128
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Kahle J, Wätzig H. Determination of protein charge variants with (imaged) capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2492-2511. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kahle
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
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129
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Belov AM, Zang L, Sebastiano R, Santos MR, Bush DR, Karger BL, Ivanov AR. Complementary middle-down and intact monoclonal antibody proteoform characterization by capillary zone electrophoresis - mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2069-2082. [PMID: 29749064 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution capillary zone electrophoresis - mass spectrometry (CZE-MS) has been of increasing interest for the analysis of biopharmaceuticals. In this work, a combination of middle-down and intact CZE-MS analyses has been implemented for the characterization of a biotherapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and glycosylation structures. Middle-down and intact CZE separations were performed in an acidified methanol-water background electrolyte on a capillary with a positively charged coating (M7C4I) coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer using a commercial sheathless interface (CESI). Middle-down analysis of the IdeS-digested mAb provided characterization of PTMs of digestion fragments. High resolution CZE enabled separation of charge variants corresponding to 2X-deamidated, 1X-deamidated, and non-deamidated forms at baseline resolution. In the course of the middle-down CZE-MS analysis, separation of glycoforms of the FC /2 fragment was accomplished due to hydrodynamic volume differences. Several identified PTMs were confirmed by CZE-MS2 . Incorporation of TCEP-HCl reducing agent in the sample solvent resulted in successful analysis of reduced forms without the need for alkylation. CZE-MS studies on the intact mAb under denaturing conditions enabled baseline separation of the 2X-glycosylated, 1X-glycosylated, and aglycosylated populations as a result of hydrodynamic volume differences. The presence of a trace quantity of dissociated light chain was also detected in the intact protein analysis. Characterization of the mAb under native conditions verified identifications achieved via intact analysis and allowed for quantitative confirmation of proteoforms. Analysis of mAbs using CZE-MS represents a complementary approach to the more conventional liquid-chromatography - mass spectrometry-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy M Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Zang
- Analytical Development Department, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Sebastiano
- Department of Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Barry L Karger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander R Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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130
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Du C, Barnett G, Borwankar A, Lewandowski A, Singh N, Ghose S, Borys M, Li ZJ. Protection of therapeutic antibodies from visible light induced degradation: Use safe light in manufacturing and storage. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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131
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Ambrogelly A, Gozo S, Katiyar A, Dellatore S, Kune Y, Bhat R, Sun J, Li N, Wang D, Nowak C, Neill A, Ponniah G, King C, Mason B, Beck A, Liu H. Analytical comparability study of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. MAbs 2018; 10:513-538. [PMID: 29513619 PMCID: PMC5973765 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1438797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Process changes are inevitable in the life cycle of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Products made using pre- and post-change processes are required to be comparable as demonstrated by comparability studies to qualify for continuous development and commercial supply. Establishment of comparability is a systematic process of gathering and evaluating data based on scientific understanding and clinical experience of the relationship between product quality attributes and their impact on safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the current understanding of various modifications of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. It further outlines the critical steps in designing and executing successful comparability studies to support process changes at different stages of a product's lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ambrogelly
- Biologics Analytical Operations, Pharmaceutical & Biologics Development, Gilead Sciences, Ocean Ranch Blvd, Oceanside, CA
| | - Stephen Gozo
- Analytical Research & Development-Biologics, Celgene Corporation, Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ
| | - Amit Katiyar
- Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington Rocky Road, Pennington, NJ
| | - Shara Dellatore
- Biologics & Vaccines Bioanalytics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Yune Kune
- Fortress Biologicals, Sawyer Road, Suite, Waltham, MA
| | - Ram Bhat
- Millennium Research laboratories, New Boston Street, Woburn, MA
| | - Joanne Sun
- Product Development, Innovent Biologics, Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Analytical Department, BioAnalytix, Inc., Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christine Nowak
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alyssa Neill
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Cory King
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Bruce Mason
- Pre-formulation, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
| | - Alain Beck
- Analytical Chemistry, NBEs, Center d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, St Julien-en-Genevois Cedex, France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, College Street, New Haven, CT
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132
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Lin LK, Uzunoglu A, Stanciu LA. Aminolated and Thiolated PEG-Covered Gold Nanoparticles with High Stability and Antiaggregation for Lateral Flow Detection of Bisphenol A. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702828. [PMID: 29280330 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The few lateral flow assays (LFAs) established for detecting the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) have employed citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which have inevitable limitations and instability issues. To address these limitations, a more stable and more sensitive biosensor is developed by designing strategies for modifying the surfaces of GNPs with polyethylene glycol and then testing their effectiveness and sensitivity toward BPA in an LFA. Without the application of any enhancement strategy, this modified BPA LFA can achieve a naked-eye limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8 ng mL-1 , which is 12.5 times better than the LOD of regular BPA LFAs, and a quantitative LOD of 0.472 ng mL-1 . This modified LFA has the potential to be applied to the detection of various antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kai Lin
- School of Materials Engineering, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Aytekin Uzunoglu
- School of Materials Engineering, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Lia A Stanciu
- School of Materials Engineering, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
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133
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Turner A, Yandrofski K, Telikepalli S, King J, Heckert A, Filliben J, Ripple D, Schiel JE. Development of orthogonal NISTmAb size heterogeneity control methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2095-2110. [PMID: 29428991 PMCID: PMC5830496 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The NISTmAb is a monoclonal antibody Reference Material from the National Institute of Standards and Technology; it is a class-representative IgG1κ intended to serve as a pre-competitive platform for harmonization and technology development in the biopharmaceutical industry. The publication series of which this paper is a part describes NIST's overall control strategy to ensure NISTmAb quality and availability over its lifecycle. In this paper, the development of a control strategy for monitoring NISTmAb size heterogeneity is described. Optimization and qualification of size heterogeneity measurement spanning a broad size range are described, including capillary electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and flow imaging analysis. This paper is intended to provide relevant details of NIST's size heterogeneity control strategy to facilitate implementation of the NISTmAb as a test molecule in the end user's laboratory. Graphical abstract Representative size exclusion chromatogram of the NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb). The NISTmAb is a publicly available research tool intended to facilitate advancement of biopharmaceutical analytics. HMW = high molecular weight (trimer and dimer), LMW = low molecular weight (2 fragment peaks). Peak labeled buffer is void volume of the column from L-histidine background buffer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Chromatography, Gel/methods
- Chromatography, Gel/standards
- Dynamic Light Scattering/methods
- Dynamic Light Scattering/standards
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/standards
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/chemistry
- Limit of Detection
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Aggregates
- Quality Control
- Reference Standards
- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Turner
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- MedImmune, LLC, 55 Watkins Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Katharina Yandrofski
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Srivalli Telikepalli
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jason King
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Alan Heckert
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - James Filliben
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Dean Ripple
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - John E Schiel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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134
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Cymer F, Beck H, Rohde A, Reusch D. Therapeutic monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation – Structure, function and therapeutic potential. Biologicals 2018; 52:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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135
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Dai J, Lamp J, Xia Q, Zhang Y. Capillary Isoelectric Focusing-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Separation and Online Characterization of Intact Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2246-2254. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O.
Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jared Lamp
- CMP Scientific, Corporation, 760 Parkside Avenue, Suite 211, Brooklyn, New York 11226, United States
| | - Qiangwei Xia
- CMP Scientific, Corporation, 760 Parkside Avenue, Suite 211, Brooklyn, New York 11226, United States
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O.
Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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136
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The effect of formulation variables on protein stability and integrity of a model IgG4 monoclonal antibody and translation to formulation of a model ScFv. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:33-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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137
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Tang H, Miao S, Zhang X, Fan L, Liu X, Tan WS, Zhao L. Insights into the generation of monoclonal antibody acidic charge variants during Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1203-1214. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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138
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Sule SV, Fernandez JE, Mecozzi VJ, Kravets Y, Yang WC, Feng P, Liu S, Zang L, Capili AD, Estey TB, Gupta K. Assessing the Impact of Charge Variants on Stability and Viscosity of a High Concentration Antibody Formulation. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3507-3514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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139
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Steinebach F, Wälchli R, Pfister D, Morbidelli M. Adsorption Behavior of Charge Isoforms of Monoclonal Antibodies on Strong Cation Exchangers. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steinebach
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ruben Wälchli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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140
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Tassi M, De Vos J, Chatterjee S, Sobott F, Bones J, Eeltink S. Advances in native high-performance liquid chromatography and intact mass spectrometry for the characterization of biopharmaceutical products. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:125-144. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tassi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Sneha Chatterjee
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry; Antwerp University; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Frank Sobott
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry; Antwerp University; Antwerp Belgium
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Jonathan Bones
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT); Dublin Ireland
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
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141
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Zhang X, Chemmalil L, Ding J, Mussa N, Li Z. Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing in native condition: A novel and successful example. Anal Biochem 2017; 537:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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142
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Kateja N, Kumar D, Godara A, Kumar V, Rathore AS. Integrated Chromatographic Platform for Simultaneous Separation of Charge Variants and Aggregates from Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutic Products. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kateja
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Devashish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Avinash Godara
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Vijesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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143
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Karageorgos I, Gallagher ES, Galvin C, Gallagher DT, Hudgens JW. Biophysical characterization and structure of the Fab fragment from the NIST reference antibody, RM 8671. Biologicals 2017; 50:27-34. [PMID: 28965821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody pharmaceuticals are the fastest-growing class of therapeutics, with a wide range of clinical applications. To assure their safety, these protein drugs must demonstrate highly consistent purity and stability. Key to these objectives is higher order structure measurements validated by calibration to reference materials. We describe preparation, characterization, and crystal structure of the Fab fragment prepared from the NIST Reference Antibody RM 8671 (NISTmAb). NISTmAb is a humanized IgG1κ antibody, produced in murine cell culture and purified by standard biopharmaceutical production methods, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to serve as a reference material. The Fab fragment was derived from NISTmAb through papain cleavage followed by protein A based purification. The purified Fab fragment was characterized by SDS-PAGE, capillary gel electrophoresis, multi-angle light scattering, size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, and x-ray crystallography. The crystal structure at 0.2 nm resolution includes four independent Fab molecules with complete light chains and heavy chains through Cys 223, enabling assessment of conformational variability and providing a well-characterized reference structure for research and engineering applications. This nonproprietary, publically available reference material of known higher-order structure can support metrology in biopharmaceutical applications, and it is a suitable platform for validation of molecular modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Karageorgos
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Connor Galvin
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - D Travis Gallagher
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Jeffrey W Hudgens
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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144
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Beyer B, Schuster M, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. Microheterogeneity of Recombinant Antibodies: Analytics and Functional Impact. Biotechnol J 2017; 13. [PMID: 28862393 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are typical examples of biopharmaceuticals which are composed of numerous, almost infinite numbers of potential molecular entities called variants or isoforms, which constitute the microheterogeneity of these molecules. These variants are generated during biosynthesis by so-called posttranslational modification, during purification or upon storage. The variants differ in biological properties such as pharmacodynamic properties, for example, Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity, complement activation, and pharmacokinetic properties, for example, serum half-life and safety. Recent progress in analytical technologies such as various modes of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry has helped to elucidate the structure of a lot of these variants and their biological properties. In this review the most important modifications (glycosylation, terminal modifications, amino acid side chain modifications, glycation, disulfide bond variants and aggregation) are reviewed and an attempt is made to give an overview on the biological properties, for which the reports are often contradictory. Even though there is a deep understanding of cellular and molecular mechanism of antibody modification and their consequences, the clinical proof of the effects observed in vitro and in vivo is still not fully rendered. For some modifications such as core-fucosylation of the N-glycan and aggregation the effects are clear and should be monitored, but with others such as C-terminal lysine clipping the reports are contradictory. As a consequence it seems too early to tell if any modification can be safely ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Beyer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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145
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Bönisch M, Sellmann C, Maresch D, Halbig C, Becker S, Toleikis L, Hock B, Rüker F. Novel CH1:CL interfaces that enhance correct light chain pairing in heterodimeric bispecific antibodies. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:685-696. [PMID: 28981885 PMCID: PMC5914326 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting two unique antigens with a single bispecific antibody is an attractive approach with potential broad therapeutic applicability. However, the production of heterodimeric bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) presents a challenge, requiring the co-expression and accurate pairing of two distinct heavy and light chain units. Several undesirable by-products can be formed in the production process, including heavy chain homodimers and non-cognate light chain pairings. Although additional downstream purification methods exist, they are often time consuming and restrict practical large-scale production. In this study, we identify and validate novel Fab interface mutations that increase cognate light chain pairing efficiencies within heterodimeric bsAbs. Importantly, the variable domains remain unaltered as interface mutations were restricted to the CH1 and CL domains. We performed several biochemical assays to demonstrate that the novel engineered interfaces do not adversely impact bispecific antibody expression, stability, affinity and biological function. The designs reported here can easily be applied in a generic manner to use existing antibodies as building blocks for bsAbs which will help to accelerate the identification and production of next generation bispecific antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Bönisch
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Antibody Engineering at Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Halbig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Antibody Engineering at Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Hock
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Rüker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Antibody Engineering at Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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146
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Nowak C, K Cheung J, M Dellatore S, Katiyar A, Bhat R, Sun J, Ponniah G, Neill A, Mason B, Beck A, Liu H. Forced degradation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies: A practical guide. MAbs 2017; 9:1217-1230. [PMID: 28853987 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1368602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation studies have become integral to the development of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics by serving a variety of objectives from early stage manufacturability evaluation to supporting comparability assessments both pre- and post- marketing approval. This review summarizes the regulatory guidance scattered throughout different documents to highlight the expectations from various agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. The various purposes for forced degradation studies, commonly used conditions and the major degradation pathways under each condition are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nowak
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Jason K Cheung
- b Sterile Formulation Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ, USA , USA
| | - Shara M Dellatore
- c Biologics and Vaccines Bioanalytics, MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Amit Katiyar
- d Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Pennington , NJ , USA
| | - Ram Bhat
- e Millennium Research laboratories , Woburn , MA , USA
| | - Joanne Sun
- f Product Development, Innovent Biologics , Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | | | - Alyssa Neill
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Bruce Mason
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Alain Beck
- g Analytical Chemistry, NBEs, Center d'Immunology Pierre Fabre , Cedex , France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
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147
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Kumar V, Rathore AS. Mechanistic Modeling Based PAT Implementation for Ion-Exchange Process Chromatography of Charge Variants of Monoclonal Antibody Products. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Hauz Khas New Delhi India
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148
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Regl C, Wohlschlager T, Holzmann J, Huber CG. A Generic HPLC Method for Absolute Quantification of Oxidation in Monoclonal Antibodies and Fc-Fusion Proteins Using UV and MS Detection. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8391-8398. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Regl
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Therese Wohlschlager
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann Holzmann
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Technical
Development
Biosimilars, Physicochemical Characterization Kundl, Novartis BTDM,
Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestrasse 10, 6250 Kundl, Austria
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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149
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Alekseychyk L, Su C, Becker GW, Treuheit MJ, Razinkov VI. High-Throughput Screening and Analysis of Charge Variants of Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Formulations. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:1044-1052. [PMID: 28570837 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217711666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among different biopharmaceutical products, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) show a high level of complexity, including heterogeneity due to differences in size, hydrophobicity, charge, and so forth. Such heterogeneity can be related to both cell-based production and any of the stages of purification, storage, and delivery that the mAb is subjected to. Choosing the right formulation composition providing both physical and chemical stabilities can be a very challenging process, especially when done in the limited time frame required for a typical drug development cycle. Charge variants, a common type of heterogeneity for mAbs, are easy to detect by ion exchange, specifically cation exchange chromatography (CEX). We have developed and implemented a high-throughput CEX-based approach for the rapid screening and analysis of charge modifications in multiple formulation conditions. In this work, 96 different formulations of antistreptavidin IgG1 and IgG2 molecules were automatically prepared and analyzed after incubation at high temperature. Design of experiment and statistical analysis tools have been utilized to determine the major formulation factors responsible for chemical stability of antibodies. Regression models were constructed to find the optimal formulation conditions. The methodology can be applied to different stages of preformulation and formulation development of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Su
- 2 Biostatistics, Amgen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
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150
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Kubota K, Kobayashi N, Yabuta M, Ohara M, Naito T, Kubo T, Otsuka K. Identification and characterization of a thermally cleaved fragment of monoclonal antibody-A detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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