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FUTURO DÉBORAO, FERREIRA PATRICIAG, NICOLETTI CAROLINED, BORBA-SANTOS LUANAP, SILVA FERNANDOCDA, ROZENTAL SONIA, FERREIRA VITORFRANCISCO. The Antifungal Activity of Naphthoquinones: An Integrative Review. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170815 pmid: 29873671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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102
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Suvarna V, Murahari M, Khan T, Chaubey P, Sangave P. Phytochemicals and PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer-An Insight. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:916. [PMID: 29311925 PMCID: PMC5736021 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's world of modern medicine and novel therapies, cancer still remains to be one of the prime contributor to the death of people worldwide. The modern therapies improve condition of cancer patients and are effective in early stages of cancer but the advanced metastasized stage of cancer remains untreatable. Also most of the cancer therapies are expensive and are associated with adverse side effects. Thus, considering the current status of cancer treatment there is scope to search for efficient therapies which are cost-effective and are associated with lesser and milder side effects. Phytochemicals have been utilized for many decades to prevent and cure various ailments and current evidences indicate use of phytochemicals as an effective treatment for cancer. Hyperactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascades is a common phenomenon in most types of cancers. Thus, natural substances targeting PI3K pathway can be of great therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer patients. This chapter summarizes the updated research on plant-derived substances targeting PI3K pathway and the current status of their preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti Suvarna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramila Chaubey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Preeti Sangave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Abedinpour P, Baron VT, Chrastina A, Rondeau G, Pelayo J, Welsh J, Borgström P. Plumbagin improves the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer: A pre-clinical study. Prostate 2017; 77:1550-1562. [PMID: 28971491 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plumbagin is a candidate drug for the treatment of prostate cancer. Previous observations indicated that it may improve the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This study evaluates the effectiveness of treatment with combinations of plumbagin and alternative strategies for ADT in mouse models of prostate cancer to support its clinical use. METHODS Plumbagin was administered per oral in a new sesame oil formulation. Standard toxicology studies were performed in rats. For tumor growth studies, mouse prostate cancer cell spheroids were placed on top of grafted prostate tissue in a dorsal chamber and allowed to form tumors. Mice were separated in various treatment groups and tumor size was measured over time by intra-vital microscopy. Survival studies were done in mice after injection of prostate cancer cells in the prostate of male animals. Androgen receptor (AR) levels were analyzed by Western blot from prostate cancer cells treated with plumbagin. RESULTS Plumbagin caused a decrease in AR levels in vitro. In mice, plumbagin at 1 mg/kg in sesame oil displayed low toxicity and caused a 50% tumor regression when combined with castration. The combination of plumbagin with various forms of chemical ADT including treatment with a GnRH receptor agonist, a GnRH receptor antagonist, or CYP17A1 inhibitors, outperformed ADT alone, increasing mouse survival compared to the standard regimen of castration alone. In contrast, the combination of plumbagin with AR antagonists, such as bicalutamide and enzalutamide, showed no improvement over AR antagonists alone. Thus, plumbagin is effective in combination with drugs that prevent the synthesis of testosterone or its conversion to dihydrotestosterone, but not with drugs that bind to AR. CONCLUSION Plumbagin significantly improves the effect of ADT drugs currently used in the clinic, with few side effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Abedinpour
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD), San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California
| | - Véronique T Baron
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD), San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California
| | - Adrian Chrastina
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD), San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California
| | - Gaelle Rondeau
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD), San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer Pelayo
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD), San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California
| | - John Welsh
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD), San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California
| | - Per Borgström
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego (VRISD), San Diego Science Center, San Diego, California
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Qiu HY, Wang PF, Lin HY, Tang CY, Zhu HL, Yang YH. Naphthoquinones: A continuing source for discovery of therapeutic antineoplastic agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:681-690. [PMID: 29130595 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring naphthoquinones, usually in forms of botanical extracts, have been implicated with human life since ancient time, far earlier than their isolation and identification in modern era. The long use history of naphthoquinones has witnessed their functional shift from the original purposes as dyes and ornaments toward medicinal benefits. Hitherto, numerous studies have been carried out to elucidate the pharmacological profile of both natural and artificial naphthoquinones. A number of entities have been identified with promising therapeutic potential. Apart from the traditional effects of wound healing, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antifertility, insecticidal and antimicrobial, etc., the anticancer potential of naphthoquinones either in combination with other treatment approaches or on their own is being more and more realized. The molecular mechanisms of naphthoquinones in cells mainly fall into two categories as inducing oxidant stress by ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation and directly interacting with traditional therapeutic targets in a non-oxidant mechanism. Based on this knowledge, optimized agents with naphthoquinones scaffold have been acquired and further tested. Hereby, we summarize the explored biological mechanisms of naphthoquinones in cells and review the application perspective of promising naphthoquinones in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Metal complexes of hydroxynaphthoquinones: Lawsone, bis-lawsone, lapachol, plumbagin and juglone. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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106
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Kim HJ, Yoo HY, Zhang YH, Kim WK, Kim SJ. Biphasic augmentation of alpha-adrenergic contraction by plumbagin in rat systemic arteries. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:687-694. [PMID: 29200912 PMCID: PMC5709486 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.6.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin, a hydroxy 1,4-naphthoquinone compound from plant metabolites, exhibits anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities via modulating various signaling molecules. However, its effects on vascular functions are rarely studied except in pulmonary and coronary arteries where NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition was suggested as a mechanism. Here we investigate the effects of plumbagin on the contractility of skeletal artery (deep femoral artery, DFA), mesenteric artery (MA) and renal artery (RA) in rats. Although plumbagin alone had no effect on the isometric tone of DFA, 1 µM phenylephrine (PhE)-induced partial contraction was largely augmented by plumbagin (ΔTPlum, 125% of 80 mM KCl-induced contraction at 1 µM). With relatively higher concentrations (>5 µM), plumbagin induced a transient contraction followed by tonic relaxation of DFA. Similar biphasic augmentation of the PhE-induced contraction was observed in MA and RA. VAS2870 and GKT137831, specific NOX4 inhibitors, neither mimicked nor inhibited ΔTPlum in DFA. Also, pretreatment with tiron or catalase did not affect ΔTPlum of DFA. Under the inhibition of PhE-contraction with L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (nifedipine, 1 µM), plumbagin still induced tonic contraction, suggesting Ca2+-sensitization mechanism of smooth muscle. Although ΔTPlum was consistently observed under pretreatment with Rho A-kinase inhibitor (Y27632, 1 µM), a PKC inhibitor (GF 109203X, 10 µM) largely suppressed ΔTPlum. Taken together, it is suggested that plumbagin facilitates the PKC activation in the presence of vasoactive agonists in skeletal arteries. The biphasic contractile effects on the systemic arteries should be considered in the pharmacological studies of plumbagin and 1,4-naphthoquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Hypoxic/Ischemic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hae Young Yoo
- Chung-Ang University Red Cross College of Nursing, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea.,Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Hypoxic/Ischemic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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107
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Wei Y, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Liu X, Zhong J, Ma J, Chen Y, Zhao C, Li J. Plumbagin restrains hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis by suppressing the migration and invasion of tumor-derived vascular endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15230-15241. [PMID: 28122355 PMCID: PMC5362482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor occurrence and development are very complicated processes. In addition to the roles of exogenous carcinogenic factors, the body's internal factors also play important roles. These factors include the host response to the tumor and the tumor effect on the host. In particular, the proliferation, migration and activation of endothelial cells are involved in tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In this study, we investigate whether plumbagin can abrogate angiogenesis-mediated tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, if so, through which molecular mechanisms. We observed that in co-cultures of the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 and the human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and Hep3B, the hepatoma cells induced migration, invasion, tube formation and viability of the EA.hy926 cells in vitro, and these processes were inhibited by plumbagin. Real-Time PCR, Western Blot and Immunofluorescence staining showed that plumbagin treatment suppressed expression of angiogenesis pathways (PI3K-Akt, VEGF/KDR and Angiopoietins/Tie2) and angiogenic factors (VEGF, CTGF, ET-1, bFGF),which is associated with tumor angiogenesis in cancer cells and xenograft tumor tissues. Furthermore, plumbagin was also found to significantly reduce tumor growth in an orthotopic HCC mouse model and to inhibit tumor-induced angiogenesis in HCC patient xenografts. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that plumbagin might be a promising anti-angiogenic drug with significant antitumor activity in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanFei Wei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Binhai New Area, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 710032, China
| | - TieJian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - XueMei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - YongXin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - JunXuan Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
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108
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Molecular structures and biological activities of (N)- n -alkylammonium 2-chloro-3-oxido-1,4-naphthoquinone salts. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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109
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Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Jung SH. Recent development of signaling pathways inhibitors of melanogenesis. Cell Signal 2017; 40:99-115. [PMID: 28911859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human skin, eye and hair color rely on the production of melanin, depending on its quantity, quality, and distribution, Melanin plays a monumental role in protecting the skin against the harmful effect of ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress from various environmental pollutants. However, an excessive production of melanin causes serious dermatological problems such as freckles, solar lentigo (age spots), melasma, as well as cancer. Hence, the regulation of melanin production is important for controlling the hyper-pigmentation. Melanogenesis, a biosynthetic pathway to produce melanin pigment in melanocyte, involves a series of intricate enzymatic and chemical catalyzed reactions. Several extrinsic factors include ultraviolet radiation and chemical drugs, and intrinsic factors include molecules secreted by surrounding keratinocytes or melanocytes, and fibroblasts, all of which regulate melanogenesis. This article reviews recent advances in the development of melanogenesis inhibitors that directly/indirectly target melanogenesis-related signaling pathways. Efforts have been made to provide a description of the mechanism of action of inhibitors on various melanogenesis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Manoj Manickam
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National, University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National, University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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110
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Novel NO-releasing plumbagin derivatives: Design, synthesis and evaluation of antiproliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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111
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Jung HJ. Chemical Proteomic Approaches Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Review of Current Literature. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 14:315-327. [PMID: 28870999 PMCID: PMC5611518 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as central drivers of tumor initiation, progression, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, identifying stem-like cells within cancers and understanding their properties is crucial for the development of effective anticancer therapies. Recently, chemical proteomics has become a powerful tool to efficiently determine protein networks responsible for CSC pathophysiology and comprehensively elucidate molecular mechanisms of drug action against CSCs. This review provides an overview of major methodologies utilized in chemical proteomic approaches. In addition, recent successful chemical proteomic applications targeting CSCs are highlighted. Future direction of potential CSC research by integrating chemical genomic and proteomic data obtained from a single biological sample of CSCs are also suggested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jung
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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112
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Chao CC, Hou SM, Huang CC, Hou CH, Chen PC, Liu JF. Plumbagin induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma through ROS generation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5480-5488. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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113
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Zheng XY, Mao CY, Qiao H, Zhang X, Yu L, Wang TY, Lu EY. Plumbagin suppresses chronic periodontitis in rats via down-regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1150-1160. [PMID: 28552911 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is one of the most common oral diseases, which causes alveolar bone absorption and tooth loss in adults. In this study we aimed to investigate the potential of plumbagin (PL), a widely-investigated active compound extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Plumbago zeylanica L in treating CP. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were used for in vitro studies, whereas an animal model of CP was established in SD rats by ligation+Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) stimulation. The rats were injected with PL (2, 4, and 6 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 4 weeks. Treatment of PDLSCs with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) markedly stimulated the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the chemokines CCL-2 and CCL-5, which were dose-dependently suppressed by co-treatment with PL (1.25-5 μmol/L). Furthermore, PL (3.75 μmol/L) markedly suppressed TNF-α-induced activation of the MAPK, NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in PDLSCs. In consistence with the in vitro studies, PL administration significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in gingiva of the rat with CP, with the dosage 4 mg·kg-1·d-1 showing the best anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, PL administration decelerated bone destruction in the rat with CP, evidenced by the aveolar bone loss (ABL) and H&E staining results. In conclusion, PL suppresses CP progression in rats by downregulating the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and inhibiting the MAPK, NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways.
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Raza MH, Siraj S, Arshad A, Waheed U, Aldakheel F, Alduraywish S, Arshad M. ROS-modulated therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28647857 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in cancer cells as a result of increased metabolic rate, dysfunction of mitochondria, elevated cell signaling, expression of oncogenes and increased peroxisome activities. Certain level of ROS is required by cancer cells, above or below which lead to cytotoxicity in cancer cells. This biochemical aspect can be exploited to develop novel therapeutic agents to preferentially and selectively target cancer cells. METHODS We searched various electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed english-language articles. Selected articles ranging from research papers, clinical studies, and review articles on the ROS production in living systems, its role in cancer development and cancer treatment, and the role of microbiota in ROS-dependent cancer therapy were analyzed. RESULTS This review highlights oxidative stress in tumors, underlying mechanisms of different relationships of ROS and cancer cells, different ROS-mediated therapeutic strategies and the emerging role of microbiota in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Cancer cells exhibit increased ROS stress and disturbed redox homeostasis which lead to ROS adaptations. ROS-dependent anticancer therapies including ROS scavenging anticancer therapy and ROS boosting anticancer therapy have shown promising results in vitro as well as in vivo. In addition, response to cancer therapy is modulated by the human microbiota which plays a critical role in systemic body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hassan Raza
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Sector H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sami Siraj
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University (KMU), Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Biology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alduraywish
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Sector H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Kong X, Luo J, Xu T, Zhou Y, Pan Z, Xie Y, Zhao L, Lu Y, Han X, Li Z, Liu L. Plumbagin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis of human leukemic Kasumi-1 cells through upregulation of TRAIL death receptor expression, activation of caspase-8 and inhibition of cFLIP. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3423-3432. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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116
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Zhang J, Peng S, Li X, Liu R, Han X, Fang J. Targeting thioredoxin reductase by plumbagin contributes to inducing apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 619:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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117
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Liu Y, Cai Y, He C, Chen M, Li H. Anticancer Properties and Pharmaceutical Applications of Plumbagin: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:423-441. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that plumbagin, a bioactive naphthoquinone isolated from three major plant families viz. Plumbaginaceae, Ebenceae and Droseraceae, definitively exhibits anticancer potential in diverse cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Plumbagin shows antineoplastic effects via multi-channel molecular mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, the disruption of the cell cycle, the inhibition of invasion and metastasis, and anti-angiogenesis. Plumbagin inhibits the growth of cancer cells mainly through the modulation of the signals of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AMPK, Ras, and so on. The pharmaceutical applications of plumbagin combined with nanocarriers to achieve better therapeutic efficiency are discussed in this review Among them, liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, micelles, and nisosomes are used in cancer treatment. The anticancer study of plumbagin in vivo is also summarized in this review. On the whole, we aim to review the research progress of plumbagin both in pharmacological and pharmaceutical filed, which may provide some reference for further research of plumbagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Yuee Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Plumbagin Suppresses α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells by Inhibiting Tyrosinase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020320. [PMID: 28165370 PMCID: PMC5343856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that plumbagin has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities; however, it has not yet been shown whether plumbagin suppresses alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin synthesis to prevent hyperpigmentation. In this study, we demonstrated that plumbagin significantly suppresses α-MSH-stimulated melanin synthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. To understand the inhibitory mechanism of plumbagin on melanin synthesis, we performed cellular or cell-free tyrosinase activity assays and analyzed melanogenesis-related gene expression. We demonstrated that plumbagin directly suppresses tyrosinase activity independent of the transcriptional machinery associated with melanogenesis, which includes micropthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1). We also investigated whether plumbagin was toxic to normal human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and lens epithelial cells (B3) that may be injured by using skin-care cosmetics. Surprisingly, lower plumbagin concentrations (0.5–1 μM) effectively inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity but do not cause toxicity in keratinocytes, lens epithelial cells, and B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, suggesting that plumbagin is safe for dermal application. Taken together, these results suggest that the inhibitory effect of plumbagin to pigmentation may make it an acceptable and safe component for use in skin-care cosmetic formulations used for skin whitening.
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Jain CK, Majumder HK, Roychoudhury S. Natural Compounds as Anticancer Agents Targeting DNA Topoisomerases. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:75-92. [PMID: 28503091 PMCID: PMC5321768 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160808125213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are important cellular enzymes found in almost all types of living cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic). These enzymes are essential for various DNA metabolic processes e.g. replication, transcription, recombination, chromosomal decatenation etc. These enzymes are important molecular drug targets and inhibitors of these enzymes are widely used as effective anticancer and antibacterial drugs. However, topoisomerase inhibitors have some therapeutic limitations and they exert serious side effects during cancer chemotherapy. Thus, development of novel anticancer topoisomerase inhibitors is necessary for improving cancer chemotherapy. Nature serves as a repertoire of structurally and chemically diverse molecules and in the recent years many DNA topoisomerase inhibitors have been identified from natural sources. The present review discusses anticancer properties and therapeutic importance of eighteen recently identified natural topoisomerase inhibitors (from the year 2009 to 2015). Structural characteristics of these novel inhibitors provide backbones for designing and developing new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Kumar Jain
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Majumder
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre & Research Institute, M G Road, Thakurpukur, Kolkata-700 063, India
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Non-Canonical Cell Death Induced by p53. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122068. [PMID: 27941671 PMCID: PMC5187868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is a vital biological process for multicellular organisms to maintain cellular homeostasis, which is regulated in a complex manner. Over the past several years, apart from apoptosis, which is the principal mechanism of caspase-dependent cell death, research on non-apoptotic forms of programmed cell death has gained momentum. p53 is a well characterized tumor suppressor that controls cell proliferation and apoptosis and has also been linked to non-apoptotic, non-canonical cell death mechanisms. p53 impacts these non-canonical forms of cell death through transcriptional regulation of its downstream targets, as well as direct interactions with key players involved in these mechanisms, in a cell type- or tissue context-dependent manner. In this review article, we summarize and discuss the involvement of p53 in several non-canonical modes of cell death, including caspase-independent apoptosis (CIA), ferroptosis, necroptosis, autophagic cell death, mitotic catastrophe, paraptosis, and pyroptosis, as well as its role in efferocytosis which is the process of clearing dead or dying cells.
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Sumsakul W, Plengsuriyakarn T, Na-Bangchang K. Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and cytochrome P450 modulatory activity of plumbagin. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:50. [PMID: 27839515 PMCID: PMC5108082 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antimalarial activity of plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone widely distributed in the Plumbaginaceae family has previously been demonstrated in vitro (good activity) and in vivo (weak activity). The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile following a single oral dosing to explain inconsistency of results of the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities. In addition, toxicity profiles and potential of modulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2 and CYP3A11) were also investigated. Methods The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of plumbagin were investigated in rats. The propensity of plumbagin to modulate the mRNA expression and activities of the two inducible forms of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP450), i.e., CYP1A2 and CYP3A11, was investigated using microsomes prepared from mouse livers. Results Acute and subacute toxicity tests indicate low toxicity of plumbagin with maximum tolerated doses of 150 (single oral dose) and 25 (daily doses for 28 days) mg/kg body weight, respectively. The pharmacokinetic profile of plumbagin following a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg body weight suggests that delayed absorption and short residence time (median values of time to maximal concentration and elimination half-life = 9.63 and 5.0 h, respectively) in plasma. Plumbagin did not modulate mRNA expression and activities of CYP1A2 and CYP3A11. Conclusions Plumbagin was well tolerated following oral dose administration in rats. Pharmacokinetic property of this compound may be a limiting factor that explains the weak antimalarial activity of plumbagin observed in animal models. Potential metabolic interaction with co-administered drugs that are metabolized by CYP1A2 or CYP3A11 are unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiriyaporn Sumsakul
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Duan J, Huang W, Shi H. Positive expression of KIF20A indicates poor prognosis of glioma patients. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6741-6749. [PMID: 27843327 PMCID: PMC5098585 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma patients have a poor overall survival; however, patients can show distinct clinical outcomes due to the high heterogeneity of the tumor, which may be indicated by certain clinicobiological parameters. Kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A), which participates in cytokinesis and intracellular transportation, has been recently reported to be upregulated in pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and bladder cancer. In the current study, we investigated the expression of KIF20A in gliomas and its significance in predicting the prognosis after surgery. We found that KIF20A positive expression in glioma tissues correlated significantly with Ki67 protein expression and advanced World Health Organization grade. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that KIF20A can act as an independent prognostic factor for predicting the overall survival of glioma patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that KIF20A can positively regulate the expression of Ki67 in glioma cell lines. Correspondingly, overexpression of KIF20A can promote cell proliferation and invasion, whereas knockdown of KIF20A can inhibit cell viability and invasion capacity. In vitro study also showed that under the treatment of plumbagin, an anticancer drug, KIF20A expression decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the overexpression of KIF20A can also increase the drug resistance toward plumbagin, which provided the possibility that KIF20A may contribute to the chemotherapy resistance of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Gowda R, Sharma A, Robertson GP. Synergistic inhibitory effects of Celecoxib and Plumbagin on melanoma tumor growth. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:243-250. [PMID: 27769779 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly drug resistant cancer. To circumvent this problem, a class of synergistically acting drug combinations, which inhibit multiple key pathways in melanoma cells, could be used as one approach for long-term treatment of this deadly disease. A screen has been undertaken on cell lines to identify those that could be combined to synergistically kill melanoma cells. Plumbagin and Celecoxib are two agents that were identified to synergistically kill melanoma cells by inhibiting the COX-2 and STAT3 pathways, which are constitutively activated in up to 70% of melanomas. The combination of these two drugs was more effective at killing melanoma cells than normal cells and decreased cellular proliferation as well as induced apoptosis of cultured cells. The drug combination inhibited development of xenograft melanoma tumors by up to 63% without affecting animal weight or blood biomarkers of organ function, suggesting negligible toxicity. Mechanistically, combination of Celecoxib and Plumbagin decreased melanoma cell proliferation and retarded vascular development of tumors mediated by inhibition of COX-2 and STAT3 leading to decreased levels of key cyclins key on which melanoma cell were dependent for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; The Penn State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; The Penn State Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states; Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states.
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Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Jensen RA, Anant S. Targeting cancer stem cells and signaling pathways by phytochemicals: Novel approach for breast cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:192-208. [PMID: 27609747 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. Despite the development of newer diagnostic methods, selective as well as targeted chemotherapies and their combinations, surgery, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, breast cancer recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance are still the major problems for breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggest the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a population of cells with the capacity to self-renew, differentiate and be capable of initiating and sustaining tumor growth. In addition, CSCs are believed to be responsible for cancer recurrence, anticancer drug resistance, and metastasis. Hence, compounds targeting breast CSCs may be better therapeutic agents for treating breast cancer and control recurrence and metastasis. Naturally occurring compounds, mainly phytochemicals have gained immense attention in recent times because of their wide safety profile, ability to target heterogeneous populations of cancer cells as well as CSCs, and their key signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review article, we summarize our current understanding of breast CSCs and their signaling pathways, and the phytochemicals that affect these cells including curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin), sulforaphane, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, 3, 3'-di-indolylmethane, vitamin E, retinoic acid, quercetin, parthenolide, triptolide, 6-shogaol, pterostilbene, isoliquiritigenin, celastrol, and koenimbin. These phytochemicals may serve as novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment and future leads for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Roy A Jensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Wu H, Dai X, Wang E. Plumbagin inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3614-3618. [PMID: 27900044 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin is the primary component of the traditional Chinese medicine Baihua Dan, and possesses anti-infection and anticancer effects with the ability to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the potential anticancer effect and mechanism of plumbagin on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Human MM OPM1 cells were treated with plumbagin, and its impact on cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and caspase-3 activity was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, flow cytometry and colorimetric assays. In addition, the protein expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phosphorylated (p)-Akt and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in OPM1 cells were analyzed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that plumbagin treatment inhibited cell viability, increased cell cytotoxicity, activated cell apoptosis and promoted caspase-3 activity in the OPM1 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of plumbagin significantly suppressed PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression levels in the OPM1 cells. In conclusion, the present study indicates that plumbagin inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in MM cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt-mTOR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Enren Wang
- Department of Neuromedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
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Chaweeborisuit P, Suriyonplengsaeng C, Suphamungmee W, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Nematicidal effect of plumbagin on Caenorhabditis elegans: a model for testing a nematicidal drug. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:121-31. [PMID: 27140303 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin, (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a natural substance found in the roots of plant species in the genus Plumbago, has been used as a traditional medicine against many diseases. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a model for testing the anthelmintic effect of plumbagin. The compound exhibited a nematicidal effect against all stages of C. elegans: L4 was least susceptible, while L1 was most susceptible to plumbagin with an LC(50) of 220 and 156 μM, respectively. Plumbagin inhibited C. elegans development from L1 to adult stages with an IC(50) of 235 μM, and body length was also reduced at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/ml. Brood sizes decreased from 203±6 to 43±6 and 18±3 eggs per hatch in plumbagin-treated worms at 10, 25, 50 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, plumbagin was lethal to strains resistant to the nematicides levamisole, albendazole, and ivermectin, indicating that it possesses a strong and unique nematicidal action. Plumbagin decreased the number of mitochondria in hypodermal and intestinal cells and body wall muscles and damaged the ultrastructure of these tissues. Taken together, plumbagin may be a new drug against parasitic nematodes.
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Sakunrangsit N, Kalpongnukul N, Pisitkun T, Ketchart W. Plumbagin Enhances Tamoxifen Sensitivity and Inhibits Tumor Invasion in Endocrine Resistant Breast Cancer through EMT Regulation. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1968-1977. [PMID: 27530731 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is widely used as the first line drug for estrogen receptor-positive subtype which is expressed in 70% of overall breast cancer patients. However, approximately 50% of these patients develop acquired resistance after 5 years of treatment, which is characterized by tumor recurrence and metastasis. The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process in breast cancer invasion. Fundamentally, targeting the EMT represents a crucial therapeutic strategy for preventing or treating breast cancer metastasis. Plumbagin (PLB) is a natural naphthoquinone with significant anticancer effects against several types of tumor cells including breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of PLB on human endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell growth, invasion and the possible mechanisms underlying such actions. PLB exhibited potent cytotoxic activity at a micromolar concentration against endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Interestingly, a fixed low concentration of PLB and tamoxifen combination resulted in an increase in growth inhibition in endocrine-resistant cells. In addition, PLB also significantly suppressed mesenchymal biomarker expressions that govern the EMT process, resulting in attenuated metastatic capabilities. In conclusion, PLB should be developed as a pharmacological agent for the use as a single treatment or in combination for endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuttiya Kalpongnukul
- Systems Biology Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Systems Biology Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Ramos Gonçalves JC, Coulidiati TH, Luís Monteiro A, de Carvalho-Gonçalves LCT, de Oliveira Valença W, de Oliveira RN, de Amorim Câmara C, de Araújo DAM. Antitumoral activity of novel 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative involves L-type calcium channel activation in human colorectal cancer cell line. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Plumbagin triggers DNA damage response, telomere dysfunction and genome instability of human breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:256-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Xue YL, Meng XQ, Ma LJ, Yuan Z. Plumbagin exhibits an anti-proliferative effect in human osteosarcoma cells by downregulating FHL2 and interfering with Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1095-1100. [PMID: 27446400 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin, a naphthoquinone constituent of Plumbago zeylanica L. (Plumbaginaceae) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. Plumbagin is known to exhibit proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects in cancer cells. The transcriptional co-factor four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) is a multifunctional adaptor protein that is involved in the regulation of gene expression, signal transduction and cell proliferation and differentiation, and also acts as a tumor suppressor or oncoprotein depending on the tissue microenvironment. The present study investigated the effect of plumbagin on FHL2 expression, Wnt/β-catenin signalling and its anti-proliferative activity in various human osteosarcoma cell lines, including SaOS2, MG63, HOS and U2OS. The cells were exposed to plumbagin and the expression of FHL2 was evaluated using western blot analysis. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative effect of plumbagin was evaluated using a 3-(4,5 dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In addition, since FHL2 is involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the effect of plumbagin on β-catenin and its primary target genes, including v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-Myc) and WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1), was evaluated using western blot analysis. It was observed that plumbagin suppressed the expression of FHL2 and exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity in osteosarcoma cells. It also attenuated Wnt/β-catenin signalling by downregulating β-catenin and its target genes, including c-Myc and WISP-1. In conclusion, plumbagin demonstrated anti-proliferative activity in osteosarcoma cells by downregulating FHL2 and interfering with Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Liang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics of Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Qi Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Long-Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Yangxin, Binzhou, Shandong 251800, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Antimicrobial activity of plumbagin, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone from Plumbago rosea, against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:237-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Sukkasem N, Chatuphonprasert W, Tatiya-Aphiradee N, Jarukamjorn K. Imbalance of the antioxidative system by plumbagin and Plumbago indica L. extract induces hepatotoxicity in mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:137-45. [PMID: 27104034 PMCID: PMC4835988 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160301094913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background/Aim: Plumbago indica (PI) L. and its active constituent, plumbagin, has been traditionally claimed for several pharmacological activities; however, there is little information regarding their toxicity. The present study aims to examine the effects of plumbagin and PI extract (PI) on hepatic histomorphology and antioxidative system in mice. Materials and Methods: Adult male intelligent character recognition mice were intragastrically administered plumbagin (1, 5, and 15 mg/kg/day) or PI (20, 200, and 1,000 mg/kg/day) consecutively for 14 days. Hepatic histomorphology was examined. Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, hepatic lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were determined. Results: Plumbagin and PI concentration-dependently induced hepatic injury based on histopathological changes via imbalance of antioxidative system. Plumbagin and PI significantly increased plasma ALT and AST levels, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and GPx activity but significantly decreased hepatic SOD and CAT activities. The GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly reduced by plumbagin. Conclusion: Plumbagin and PI caused hepatotoxic effects in the mice by unbalancing of the redox defense system. Therefore, plumbagin and PI-containing supplements should be used cautiously, especially when consumed in high quantities or for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadta Sukkasem
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University
| | - Waranya Chatuphonprasert
- Department of Preclinic, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000 Thailand
| | - Nitima Tatiya-Aphiradee
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University
| | - Kanokwan Jarukamjorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
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Rodo EC, Feng L, Jida M, Ehrhardt K, Bielitza M, Boilevin J, Lanzer M, Williams DL, Lanfranchi DA, Davioud-Charvet E. A Platform of Regioselective Methodologies to Access Polysubstituted 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone Derivatives: Scope and Limitations. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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134
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Law BYK, Mok SWF, Wu AG, Lam CWK, Yu MXY, Wong VKW. New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy. Molecules 2016; 21:359. [PMID: 26999089 PMCID: PMC6274228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a universal catabolic cellular process for quality control of cytoplasm and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon nutrient deprivation and environmental stimulus. It involves the lysosomal degradation of cellular components such as misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. Defects in autophagy are implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases including cancers, myopathy, neurodegenerations, infections and cardiovascular diseases. In the recent decade, traditional drugs with new clinical applications are not only commonly found in Western medicines, but also highlighted in Chinese herbal medicines (CHM). For instance, pharmacological studies have revealed that active components or fractions from Chaihu (Radix bupleuri), Hu Zhang (Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati), Donglingcao (Rabdosia rubesens), Hou po (Cortex magnoliae officinalis) and Chuan xiong (Rhizoma chuanxiong) modulate cancers, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease via autophagy. These findings shed light on the potential new applications and formulation of CHM decoctions via regulation of autophagy. This article reviews the roles of autophagy in the pharmacological actions of CHM and discusses their new potential clinical applications in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Margaret Xin Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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135
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Somasundaram V, Nadhan R, K Hemalatha S, Kumar Sengodan S, Srinivas P. Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species: Clues to target oxidative damage repair defective breast cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 101:184-92. [PMID: 27017408 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of various biomolecules in cancer progression and therapy has led to the exploration of the roles of two cardinal players, namely Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in cancer. Both ROS and NO display bimodal fashions of functional activity in a concentration dependent manner, by inducing either pro- or anti- tumorigenic signals. Researchers have identified the potential capability of NO and ROS in therapies owing to their role in eliciting pro-apoptotic signals at higher concentrations and their ability to sensitize cancer cells to one another as well as to other therapeutics. We review the prospects of NO and ROS in cancer progression and therapy, and analyze the role of a combinatorial therapy wherein an NO donor (SNAP) is used to sensitize the oxidative damage repair defective, triple negative breast cancer cells (HCC 1937) to a potent ROS inducer. Preliminary findings support the potential to employ various combinatorial regimes for anti-cancer therapies with regard to exploiting the chemo-sensitization property of NO donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Somasundaram
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Revathy Nadhan
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Sreelatha K Hemalatha
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Sengodan
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
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136
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Zhang Z, Deng W, Kang R, Xie M, Billiar T, Wang H, Cao L, Tang D. Plumbagin Protects Mice from Lethal Sepsis by Modulating Immunometabolism Upstream of PKM2. Mol Med 2016; 22:162-172. [PMID: 26982513 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by dysregulated systemic inflammation with release of early (for example, interleukin (IL)-1β) and late (for example, HMGB1) proinflammatory mediators from macrophages. Plumbagin, a medicinal plant-derived naphthoquinone, has been reported to exhibit antiinflammatory activity, but the underling mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we have demonstrated that plumbagin inhibits the inflammatory response through interfering with the immunometabolism pathway in activated macrophages. Remarkably, plumbagin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced aerobic glycolysis by downregulating the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a protein kinase responsible for the final and rate-limiting reaction step of the glycolytic pathway. Moreover, the NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-mediated oxidative stress was required for LPS-induced PKM2 expression, because pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of NOX4 by plumbagin or RNA interference limited LPS-induced PKM2 expression, lactate production and subsequent proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and HMGB1) release in macrophages. Finally, plumbagin protected mice from lethal endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. These findings identify a new approach for inhibiting the NOX4/PKM2-dependent immunometabolism pathway in the treatment of sepsis and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Center for DAMP Biology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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137
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Coulerie P, Poullain C. New Caledonia: A Hot Spot for Valuable Chemodiversity Part 3: Santalales, Caryophyllales, and Asterids. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:366-79. [PMID: 26937845 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The flora of New Caledonia encompasses more than 3000 plant species and an endemism of almost 80%. New Caledonia is even considered as one of the 34 'hot spots' for biodiversity. Considering the current global loss of biodiversity and the fact that several drugs and pesticides become obsolete, there is an urgent need to increase sampling and research on new natural products. In this context, here, we reviewed the chemical knowledge available on New Caledonian native flora from economical perspectives. We expect that a better knowledge of the economic potential of plant chemistry will encourage the plantation of native plants for the development of a sustainable economy which will participate in the conservation of biodiversity. This review is divided into three parts, and the third part which is presented here summarizes the scientific literature related to the chemistry of endemic santalales, caryophyllales, and asterids. We show that the high rate of endemism is correlated with the originality of phytochemicals encountered in New Caledonian plants. A total of 176 original natural compounds have been identified from these plants, whereas many species have not been investigated so far. We also discuss the economic potential of plants and molecules with consideration of their medicinal and industrial perspectives. This review finally highlights several groups, such as Sapotaceae, that are unexplored in New Caledonia despite the high chemical interest in them. These plants are considered to have priority in future chemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Coulerie
- Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien, Connaissance et Amélioration des Agrosystèmes, BP A5, 98848, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4
| | - Cyril Poullain
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Labex LERMIT, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex.,Stratoz, 5, Rue de la Baume, FR-75008, Paris
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138
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Ahmad A, Li Y, Sarkar FH. The bounty of nature for changing the cancer landscape. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1251-63. [PMID: 26799714 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The landscape of cancer has changed considerably in past several years, due mainly to aggressive screening, accumulation of data from basic and epidemiological studies, and the advances in translational research. Natural anticancer agents have always been a part and parcel of cancer research. The initial focus on natural anticancer agents was in context of their cancer chemopreventive properties but their ability to selectively target oncogenic signaling pathways has also been recognized. In light of the rapid advancements in our understanding of the role of microRNAs, cancer stem cells, and epigenetic events in cancer initiation and progression, a number of natural anticancer agents are showing promise in vitro, in vivo as well as in preclinical studies. Moreover, parent structures of natural agents are being extensively modified with the hope of improving efficacy, specificity, and bioavailability. In this article, we focus on two natural agents, 3,3'-diindolylmethane and garcinol, along with 3,4-difluorobenzo curcumin, a synthetic analog of natural agent curcumin. We showcase how these anticancer agents are changing cancer landscape by modulating novel microRNAs, epigenetic factors, and cancer stem cell markers. These activities are relevant and being appreciated for overcoming drug resistance and inhibition of metastases, the two overarching clinical challenges in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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139
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Appadurai P, Rathinasamy K. Plumbagin-silver nanoparticle formulations enhance the cellular uptake of plumbagin and its antiproliferative activities. IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 9:264-72. [PMID: 26435279 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted much attention in recent years as diagnostics and new drug delivery system in cancer medicine. To study the effects of plumbagin (PLB), a relatively non-toxic napthaquinone isolated from the roots of Plumbago indica in human cervical cancer cell line and developed a formulation to enhance its cytotoxic activities. Silver nanoparticles were synthesised by chemical reduction method and complexed with PLB. Both the AgNPs and the complex PLB-AgNPs were characterised by dynamic light scattering, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The amount of PLB and PLB-AgNPs internalised was determined by ultra-violet-visible spectrophotometer. Cell inhibition was determined by sulphorhodamine B assay. Mitotic index was determined by Wright-Giemsa staining. Apoptosis induction was assessed by western blot using cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase antibody. The scanning electron microscope analysis indicated an average particle size of 32±8 nm in diameter. Enhanced internalisation of PLB into the HeLa cells was observed in PLB-AgNPs. PLB inhibited proliferation of cells with IC50 value of about 18±0.6 µM and blocked the cells at mitosis in a concentration-dependent manner. PLB also inhibited the post-drug exposure clonogenic survival of cells and induced apoptosis. The antiproliferative, antimitotic and apoptotic activities were also found to be increased when cells were treated with PLB-AgNPs. The authors results support the idea that AgNP could be a promising and effective drug delivery system for enhanced activity of PLB in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Appadurai
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnan Rathinasamy
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India.
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140
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Aronsson P, Munissi JJE, Gruhonjic A, Fitzpatrick PA, Landberg G, Nyandoro SS, Erdelyi M. Phytoconstituents with Radical Scavenging and Cytotoxic Activities from Diospyros shimbaensis. Diseases 2016; 4:diseases4010003. [PMID: 28933383 PMCID: PMC5456303 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our search for natural products having antioxidant and anticancer properties, the phytochemical investigation of Diospyros shimbaensis (Ebenaceae), a plant belonging to a genus widely used in East African traditional medicine, was carried out. From its stem and root barks the new naphthoquinone 8,8'-oxo-biplumbagin (1) was isolated along with the known tetralones trans-isoshinanolone (2) and cis-isoshinanolone (3), and the naphthoquinones plumbagin (4) and 3,3'-biplumbagin (5). Compounds 2, 4, and 5 showed cytotoxicity (IC50 520-82.1 μM) against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moderate to low cytotoxicity was observed for the hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts of the root bark (IC50 16.1, 29.7 and > 100 μg/mL, respectively), and for the methanol extract of the stem bark (IC50 59.6 μg/mL). The radical scavenging activity of the isolated constituents (1-5) was evaluated on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The applicability of the crude extracts and of the isolated constituents for controlling degenerative diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Aronsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden.
| | - Joan J E Munissi
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box. 35061, Dar es Salaam 0255, Tanzania.
| | - Amra Gruhonjic
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden.
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
| | - Paul A Fitzpatrick
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
| | - Göran Landberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
| | - Stephen S Nyandoro
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box. 35061, Dar es Salaam 0255, Tanzania.
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden.
- Swedish NMR Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
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141
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Hosamani B, Ribeiro MF, da Silva Júnior EN, Namboothiri INN. Catalytic asymmetric reactions and synthesis of quinones. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6913-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01119e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Organo- and metal–ligand catalysed asymmetric reactions of quinones lead to complex enantiopure compounds including quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus F. Ribeiro
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
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142
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Widhalm JR, Rhodes D. Biosynthesis and molecular actions of specialized 1,4-naphthoquinone natural products produced by horticultural plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16046. [PMID: 27688890 PMCID: PMC5030760 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) are a diverse group of natural products found in every kingdom of life. Plants, including many horticultural species, collectively synthesize hundreds of specialized 1,4-NQs with ecological roles in plant-plant (allelopathy), plant-insect and plant-microbe interactions. Numerous horticultural plants producing 1,4-NQs have also served as sources of traditional medicines for hundreds of years. As a result, horticultural species have been at the forefront of many basic studies conducted to understand the metabolism and function of specialized plant 1,4-NQs. Several 1,4-NQ natural products derived from horticultural plants have also emerged as promising scaffolds for developing new drugs. In this review, the current understanding of the core metabolic pathways leading to plant 1,4-NQs is provided with additional emphasis on downstream natural products originating from horticultural species. An overview on the biochemical mechanisms of action, both from an ecological and pharmacological perspective, of 1,4-NQs derived from horticultural plants is also provided. In addition, future directions for improving basic knowledge about plant 1,4-NQ metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
- ()
| | - David Rhodes
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
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143
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Chavan RD, Shinde P, Girkar K, Madage R, Chowdhary A. Assessment of Anti-Influenza Activity and Hemagglutination Inhibition of Plumbago indica and Allium sativum Extracts. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:105-11. [PMID: 27034600 PMCID: PMC4780135 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.172562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human influenza is a seasonal disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Anti-flu ayurvedic/herbal medicines have played a significant role in fighting the virus pandemic. Plumbagin and allicin are commonly used ingredients in many therapeutic remedies, either alone or in conjunction with other natural substances. Evidence suggests that these extracts are associated with a variety of pharmacological activities. OBJECTIVE To evaluate anti-influenza activity from Plumbago indica and Allium sativum extract against Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different extraction procedures were used to isolate the active ingredient in the solvent system, and quantitative HPLTC confirms the presence of plumbagin and allicin. The cytotoxicity was carried out on Madin-Darby Canine kidney cells, and the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values were below 20 mg/mL for both plant extracts. To assess the anti-influenza activity, two assays were employed, simultaneous and posttreatment assay. RESULTS A. sativum methanolic and ethanolic extracts showed only 14% reduction in hemagglutination in contrast to P. indica which exhibited 100% reduction in both simultaneous and posttreatment assay at concentrations of 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 1 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that P. indica extracts are good candidates for anti-influenza therapy and should be used in medical treatment after further research. SUMMARY The search for natural antiviral compounds from plants is a promising approach in the development of new therapeutic agents. In the past century, several scientific efforts have been directed toward identifying phytochemicals capable of inhibiting virus. Knowledge of ethnopharmacology can lead to new bioactive plant compounds suitable for drug discovery and development. Macromolecular docking studies provides most detailed possible view of drug-receptor interaction where the structure of drug is designed based on its fit to three dimensional structures of receptor site rather than by analogy to other active structures or random leads. Our previous studies indicate that Allicin sand Plumbagin could be used as the potent multi drug targets against the Neuraminidase, Hemagglutinin and M2 protein channel of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09. This in-vittro study has shown that P. indica L. and A. sativum extracts can inhibit influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus by inhibiting viral nucleoprotein synthesis and polymerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dilip Chavan
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,Correspondence: Rahul Dilip Chavan, Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Pramod Shinde
- Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kaustubh Girkar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajendra Madage
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC), PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abhay Chowdhary
- Departments of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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144
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Rauf A, Uddin G, Siddiqui BS, Molnár J, Csonka Á, Ahmad B, Szabó D, Farooq U, Khan A. A Rare Class of New Dimeric Naphthoquinones from Diospyros lotus have Multidrug Reversal and Antiproliferative Effects. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:293. [PMID: 26732580 PMCID: PMC4679852 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new dimeric naphthoquinones, 5,4′-dihydroxy-1′-methoxy-6,6′-dimethyl-7,3′-binaphthyl-1,4,5′,8′-tetraone (1), 5′,8′-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-6,6′-dimethyl-7,3′-binaphthyl-1,4,1′,4′-tetraone (2) and 8,5′,8′-trihydroxy-6,6′-dimethyl-7,3′-binaphthyl-1,4,1′,4′-tetraone (3), were isolated from the roots of Diospyros lotus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, such as HSQC, HMBS, NOESY, and J-resolved. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their effects on the reversion of multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-glycoprotein through use of the rhodamine-123 exclusion screening test on human ABCB1 gene transfected L5178Y mouse T-cell lymphoma. Compounds 1–3 were also assessed for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on L5178 and L5178Y mouse T-cell lymphoma lines. Both 1 and 2 exhibited promising antiproliferative and MDR-reversing effects in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of the tested compounds on the activity of doxorubicin were observed to vary from slight antagonism to antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Geology, University of Swabi Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Ghias Uddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bina S Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Joseph Molnár
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Csonka
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Diana Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan
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145
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Fiorito S, Genovese S, Taddeo VA, Mathieu V, Kiss R, Epifano F. Novel juglone and plumbagin 5-O derivatives and their in vitro growth inhibitory activity against apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:334-337. [PMID: 26706169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Juglone 1 an plumbagin 2 are plant secondary metabolites nowadays well known for their anticancer properties. In this study we synthesized analogues of 1 and 2 deriving from the functionalization of the OH group in position 5 with different side chains in form of esters and ethers. Therefore the growth inhibitory activities of these adducts were evaluated in vitro on six cancer cell lines using the MTT colorimetric assays along with the two natural parent compounds. The data revealed that these latter displayed the strongest growth inhibitory activities in vitro. Quantitative videomicroscopy analyses were then carried out on human U373 glioblastoma cells, which are characterized by various level of resistance to pro-apoptotic stimuli. We compared the naturally occurring reference compounds 1 and 2 with the derivatives exerting the best activities in terms of IC50 growth inhibitory values. These analyses showed that both juglone and plumbagin had a cytostatic effect on U373 cells and were able to overcome the intrinsic resistance of U373 cancer cells to pro-apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Fiorito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Taddeo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. D'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
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146
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Gou Y, Zhang Z, Qi J, Liang S, Zhou Z, Yang F, Liang H. Folate-functionalized human serum albumin carrier for anticancer copper(II) complexes derived from natural plumbagin. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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147
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Sumsakul W, Na-Bangchang K. Permeability of plumbagin across human intestinal cell in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 39:380-9. [PMID: 26620575 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is the active compound isolated from plants used in traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases such as activities malaria, leishmaniasis, viral infections and cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the permeability of plumbagin across Caco-2 (human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma) cell monolayer and its effects on the expression and function of P-glycoprotein. The integrity of Caco-2 cell monolayer was evaluated by measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance and permeation (Papp) of Lucifer yellow across the cell monolayer. The effect of plumbagin on P-glycoprotein was detected by measuring its interference with the transport of the P-glycoprotein substrate (R123) and the effect on MDR-1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. The Papp of plumbagin (2-8 µM) for the apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions were 10.29-15.96 × 10(-6) and 7.40-9.02 × 10(-6) cm/s, respectively, with the efflux ratios of 0.57-0.73. Plumbagin is not either a substrate or inhibitor of P-glycoprotein. It did not interfere with the P-glycoprotein-mediated R123 transport across Caco-2 cell monolayer, as well as the function of P-glycoprotein and the expression of MDR-1 mRNA. Results suggest moderate permeability of plumbagin across the Caco-2 cell monolayer in both directions. The transport mechanism is likely to be a passive transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiriyaporn Sumsakul
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand.
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148
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Radiosensitizing potential of Plumbagin in B16F1 melanoma tumor cells through mitochondrial mediated programmed cell death. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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149
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Pan ST, Qin Y, Zhou ZW, He ZX, Zhang X, Yang T, Yang YX, Wang D, Zhou SF, Qiu JX. Plumbagin suppresses epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stemness via inhibiting Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5511-51. [PMID: 26491260 PMCID: PMC4599573 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common malignancy in oral and maxillofacial tumors with highly metastatic characteristics. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone; PLB), a natural naphthoquinone derived from the roots of Plumbaginaceae plants, exhibits various bioactivities, including anticancer effects. However, the potential molecular targets and underlying mechanisms of PLB in the treatment of TSCC remain elusive. This study employed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomic approach to investigate the molecular interactome of PLB in human TSCC cell line SCC25 and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. The proteomic data indicated that PLB inhibited cell proliferation, activated death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway, remodeled epithelial adherens junctions pathway, and manipulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress response signaling pathway in SCC25 cells with the involvement of a number of key functional proteins. Furthermore, we verified these protein targets using Western blotting assay. The verification results showed that PLB markedly induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and extrinsic apoptosis, and inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in SCC25 cells. Of note, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and l-glutathione (GSH) abolished the effects of PLB on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, EMT inhibition, and stemness attenuation in SCC25 cells. Importantly, PLB suppressed the translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol to nucleus, resulting in an inhibition in the expression of downstream targets. Taken together, these results suggest that PLB may act as a promising anticancer compound via inhibiting Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress signaling pathway in SCC25 cells. This study provides a clue to fully identify the molecular targets and decipher the underlying mechanisms of PLB in the treatment of TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiru Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yin-Xue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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150
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Hwang GH, Ryu JM, Jeon YJ, Choi J, Han HJ, Lee YM, Lee S, Bae JS, Jung JW, Chang W, Kim LK, Jee JG, Lee MY. The role of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase in plumbagin-induced, reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:384-93. [PMID: 26341012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is a secondary metabolite that was first identified in the Plumbago genus of plants. It is a naphthoquinone compound with anti-atherosclerosis, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, contraceptive, cardiotonic, immunosuppressive, and neuroprotective activities. However, the mechanisms of plumbagin's activities are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of plumbagin on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells as well as LLC lung cancer cells, SiHa cervical carcinoma cells. Plumbagin significantly decreased HepG2 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, treatment with plumbagin significantly increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3/7 activity. Using the similarity ensemble approach (SEA)-a state-of-the-art cheminformatic technique-we identified two previously unknown cellular targets of plumbagin: thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione reductase (GR). This was then confirmed using protein- and cell-based assays. We found that plumbagin was directly reduced by TrxR, and that this reduction was inhibited by the TrxR inhibitor, sodium aurothiomalate (ATM). Plumbagin also decreased the activity of GR. Plumbagin, and the GR inhibitor sodium arsenite all increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and this increase was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in HepG2 cells. Plumbagin increased TrxR-1 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression and pretreatment with NAC significantly attenuated the plumbagin-induced increase of TrxR-1 and HO-1 expression in HepG2 cells, LLC cells and SiHa cells. Pretreatment with NAC significantly prevented the plumbagin-induced decrease in cell viability in these cell types. In conclusion, plumbagin exerted its anticancer effect by directly interacting with TrxR and GR, and thus increasing intracellular ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Hye Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyeok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Mie Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wha Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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