101
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Stefani A, Cerroni R, Pierantozzi M, D’Angelo V, Grandi L, Spanetta M, Galati S. Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease patients and routine 6‐OHDA rodent models: Synergies and pitfalls. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2322-2343. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stefani
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Mariangela Pierantozzi
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Vincenza D’Angelo
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Laura Grandi
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
| | - Matteo Spanetta
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Università della Svizzera Italiana Lugano Switzerland
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102
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Requejo C, López-de-Ipiña K, Ruiz-Ortega JÁ, Fernández E, Calvo PM, Morera-Herreras T, Miguelez C, Cardona-Grifoll L, Cepeda H, Ugedo L, Lafuente JV. Changes in Day/Night Activity in the 6-OHDA-Induced Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease: Exploring Prodromal Biomarkers. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:590029. [PMID: 33154717 PMCID: PMC7591774 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.590029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for experimental models mimicking an early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) before motor manifestations is fundamental in order to explore early signs and get a better prognosis. Interestingly, our previous studies have indicated that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a suitable model to induce an early degeneration of the nigrostriatal system without any gross motor impairment. Considering our previous findings, we aim to implement a novel system to monitor rats after intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA to detect and analyze physiological changes underlying prodromal PD. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally injected with 6-OHDA (n = 10) or saline solution (n = 10) into the right striatum and placed in enriched environment cages where the activity was monitored. After 2 weeks, the amphetamine test was performed before the sacrifice. Immunohistochemistry was developed for the morphological evaluation and western blot analysis to assess molecular changes. Home-cage monitoring revealed behavioral changes in response to 6-OHDA administration including significant hyperactivity and hypoactivity during the light and dark phase, respectively, turning out in a change of the circadian timing. A preclinical stage of PD was functionally confirmed with the amphetamine test. Moreover, the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase expression was significantly correlated with the motor results, and 6-OHDA induced early proapoptotic events. Our findings provide evidence for a novel prodromal 6-OHDA model following a customized monitoring system that could give insights to detect non-motor deficits and molecular targets to test neuroprotective/neurorestorative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Requejo
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karmele López-de-Ipiña
- EleKin Research Group, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José Ángel Ruiz-Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elsa Fernández
- EleKin Research Group, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain
| | - Pilar M. Calvo
- EleKin Research Group, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Laura Cardona-Grifoll
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Hodei Cepeda
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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103
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Stavrovskaya AV, Berezhnoy DS, Voronkov DN, Stvolinskii SL, Abaimov DA, Ol’shanskii AS, Gushchina AS, Yamshchikova NG, Fedorova TN. Classical Model of 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinsonism in Rats Is Characterized by Unilateral Lesion of Brain Mesolimbic System. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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104
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Sousa B, Nunes B. Reliability of behavioral test with fish: How neurotransmitters may exert neuromodulatory effects and alter the biological responses to neuroactive agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139372. [PMID: 32480229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toxic agents such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides are continuously dispersed especially in the aquatic environment, as a result of human use. Their presence in the environment presents serious concerns, since these compounds interfere with the normal function of the central nervous system (CNS), causing behavior alterations, whose consequences are difficult to predict. However, behavioral responses, even those that occur after exposure to neurotoxic agents, might be modulated by the release of neurotransmitters in the brain of exposed organisms, making even more difficult to ascertain the real consequences of pollution by neurotoxic or neuroactive agents. This study aimed to understand the potential of dopamine as neuromodulator in cases of acute exposure to a pesticide (the carbamate carbofuran) and to a therapeutic agent (the benzodiazepinic drug diazepam) in the freshwater fish Gambusia holbrooki. After acute exposure to both carbofuran and to diazepam it was possible to observe deleterious alterations in the motor function, reflected by significant reductions of both average speed and distance in exposed animals. These changes were later diminished and reverted by dopamine exposure. Despite the indications obtained from our experiments, more research is needed to clarify the consequences of these behavior alterations in a more integrative perspective, namely by adding behavioral endpoints of increased ecological relevance to the adopted experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sousa
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus De Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus De Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade De Aveiro, Campus De Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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105
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Chai XY, Diwakarla S, Pustovit RV, McQuade RM, Di Natale M, Ermine CM, Parish CL, Finkelstein DI, Furness JB. Investigation of nerve pathways mediating colorectal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease model produced by lesion of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13893. [PMID: 32512642 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, including constipation, is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). The toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) produces the symptoms of PD, surprisingly including constipation, after it is injected into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). However, the mechanisms involved in PD-associated constipation caused by central application of 6OHDA remain unknown. We investigated effects of 6OHDA lesioning of the MFB on motor performance and GI function. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were unilaterally injected with 6OHDA in the MFB. Colorectal propulsion was assessed by bead expulsion after 4 weeks and by recording colorectal contractions and propulsion after 5 weeks. Enteric nervous system (ENS) neuropathy was examined by immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS When compared to shams, 6OHDA-lesioned rats had significantly increased times of bead expulsion from the colorectum, indicative of colon dysmotility. Administration of the colokinetic, capromorelin, that stimulates defecation centers in the spinal cord, increased the number of contractions and colorectal propulsion in both groups compared to baseline; however, the effectiveness of capromorelin in 6OHDA-lesioned rats was significantly reduced in comparison with shams, indicating that 6OHDA animals have reduced responsiveness of the spinal defecation centers. Enteric neuropathy was observed in the distal colon, revealing that lesion of the MFB has downstream effects at the cellular level, remote from the site of 6OHDA administration. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We conclude that there are trans-synaptic effects of the proximal, forebrain, lesion of pathways from the brain that send signals down the spinal cord, at the levels of the defecation centers and the ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chai
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ruslan V Pustovit
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Rachel M McQuade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Madeleine Di Natale
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Charlotte M Ermine
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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106
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Parkinson's Disease-Induced Zebrafish Models: Focussing on Oxidative Stress Implications and Sleep Processes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1370837. [PMID: 32908622 PMCID: PMC7450359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1370837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The complex yet not fully understood pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease includes an important molecular component consisting of oxidative status changes, thus leading to oxidative stress occurrence. While no particular evidence has been reported that describes the relationship between oxidative stress and the molecular mechanisms behind Parkinson's disease development, animal model studies has shown that oxidative stress induction could modulate Parkinson's disease symptomatology. Despite the inability to perfectly replicate human disease in animals and despite that Parkinson's disease has not been reported in any animal species, animal modeling is one of the most important tools in understanding the complex mechanisms of human disorders. In this way, this study is aimed at detailing this particular relationship and describing the molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease in animal models, focusing on the potential advantages and disadvantages of zebrafish in this context. The information relevant to this topic was gathered using major scientific database research (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus) based on related keywords and inclusion criteria. Thus, it was observed that oxidative stress possesses an important role in Parkinson's disease as shown by numerous animal model studies, many of which are based on rodent experimental models. However, an emerging impact of the zebrafish model was observed in the research of Parkinson's disease pathological mechanisms with regard to disease development factors and the cause-effect relationship between oxidative stress and comorbidities (such as depression, hyposmia, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive deficits) and also with regard to the pharmacological potential of antioxidant molecules in Parkinson's disease treatment.
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107
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Hsu SW, Hsu PC, Chang WS, Yu CC, Wang YC, Yang JS, Tsai FJ, Chen KY, Tsai CW, Bau DT. Protective effects of valproic acid on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuroinjury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:840-848. [PMID: 32167238 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play critically important roles in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a physiological neurotoxin reported to induce oxidative-induced apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in PD mice models. Valproic acid (VPA), a clinical mood stabilizer, is a HDAC inhibitor with neuroprotective capacities. In the study, we aim at examining the feasibility of VPA as a protector for dopaminergic neurons against damage from 6-OHDA, and the intracellular mechanisms. The 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity to the human dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y was applied for examining VPA protective effects. Pretreatment with VPA was able to improve cell viability and reduce 6-OHDA-induced reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, a significant suppression of apoptotic caspases including cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 was observed. The results also revealed VPA decreased the 6-OHDA-induced Bax/Bcl2 ratio, as measured at protein level. These novel findings indicate that VPA may be capable of protecting the SH-SY5Y dopaminergic neuronal cells from 6-OHDA-induced toxicity via the deceasing of apoptotic caspases (cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9) and reducing of the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Very possibly, VPA could serve as not only a mood stabilizer but also a potential antidote for PD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Chen
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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108
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Ebrahimi V, Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Aliaghaei A, Abdollahifar MA, Piryaei A, Haghir H, Sadeghi Y. Functional dopaminergic neurons derived from human chorionic mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate striatal atrophy and improve behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian rat model. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2274-2289. [PMID: 31642188 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human chorionic mesenchymal stem cells (HCMSCs) have been recognized as a desirable choice for cell therapy in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Due to invaluable features of HCMSCs including their immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties, easily accessible and less differentiated compared to other types of MSCs, HCMSCs provide a great hope for regenerative medicine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of HCMSCs-derived dopaminergic (DA) neuron-like cells with regard to PD. Initially, HCMSCs were isolated and underwent a 2-week DA differentiation, followed by in vitro assessments, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, patch clamp recording, and high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the effects of implanted HCMSCs-derived DA neuron-like cells on the motor coordination along with stereological alterations in the striatum of rat models of PD were investigated. Our results showed that under neuronal induction, HCMSCs revealed neuron-like morphology, and expressed neuronal and DA-specific genes, together with DA release. Furthermore, transplantation of HCMSCs-derived DA neurons into the striatum of rat models of PD, augmented performance. Besides, it prevented reduction of striatal volume, dendritic length, and the total number of neurons, coupled with a diminished level of cleaved caspase-3. Altogether, these findings suggest that HCMSCs could be considered as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ebrahimi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Sadeghi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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109
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Vaz PG, Reis AL, Cardoso J. Supination/pronation movement quantification using stereoscopic vision based system towards Parkinson’s Disease assessment – A pilot study. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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110
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Chen ZC, Wang TT, Bian W, Ye X, Li MY, Du JJ, Zhou P, Cui HR, Ding YQ, Ren YH, Qi SS, Yuan YY, Liao M, Sun CY. Allopregnanolone restores the tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons and motor performance in a 6-OHDA-injected mouse model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:1069-1082. [PMID: 32602622 PMCID: PMC7539840 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS It has been reported that allopregnanolone (APα) promotes the neurogenesis of the neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and prevents the decrease of dopaminergic neurons in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated mice by binding to γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR) and then opening voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to explore the possible involvement of GABAAR and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta 3 (CaMKIIδ3) in this process. METHODS 6-OHDA-treated mice and primary cultured midbrain cells were administrated with APα and GABAAR antagonist bicuculline (Bic), and the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs, the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and their fibers, the expression levels of CaMKIIδ3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and motor functions were measured using ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and behavioral test. RESULTS Allopregnanolone significantly promoted the phosphorylation of cytoplasmic CaMKIIδ3 and its nuclear translocation by binding to GABAAR, which, in turn, increased the expression levels of BDNF. This may account for the findings that the exogenous APα enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs, and ameliorated the nigrostriatal system and behavioral performance in 6-OHDA-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Allopregnanolone may directly activate GABAAR, which, in turn, enhance the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs via upregulating the expression levels of CaMKIIδ3, and finally contribute to the restoration of dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tong-Tong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yi Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan-Juan Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huai-Rui Cui
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hua Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen-You Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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111
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Zhang W, Sun L, Yang X, Wang R, Wang H. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase within midbrain periaqueductal gray decreases pain sensitivity in Parkinson's disease via GABAergic signaling pathway. Physiol Res 2020; 69:711-720. [PMID: 32584140 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitive pain response is observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the signal pathways leading to hyperalgesia still need to be clarified. Chronic oxidative stress is one of the hallmarks of PD pathophysiology. Since the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is an important component of the descending inhibitory pathway controlling on central pain transmission, we examined the role NADPH oxidase (NOX) of the PAG in regulating exaggerated pain evoked by PD. PD was induced by central microinjection of 6-hydroxydopamine to lesion the left medial forebrain bundle of rats. Then, Western Blot analysis and ELISA were used to determine NOXs and products of oxidative stress (i.e., 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine). Pain responses to mechanical and thermal stimulation were further examined in control rats and PD rats. In results, among the NOXs, protein expression of NOX4 in the PAG of PD rats was significantly upregulated, thereby the products of oxidative stress were increased. Blocking NOX4 pathway in the PAG attenuated mechanical and thermal pain responses in PD rats and this was accompanied with decreasing production of oxidative stress. In addition, inhibition of NOX4 largely restored the impaired GABA within the PAG. Stimulation of GABA receptors in the PAG of PD rats also blunted pain responses. In conclusions, NOX4 activation of oxidative stress in the PAG of PD rats is likely to impair the descending inhibitory GABAergic pathways in regulating pain transmission and thereby plays a role in the development of pain hypersensitivity in PD. Inhibition of NOX4 has beneficial effects on the exaggerated pain evoked by PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.
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112
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Mao Q, Wang X, Chen B, Fan L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Lin X, Cao Y, Wu YC, Ji J, Xu J, Zheng J, Zhang H, Zheng C, Chen W, Cheng W, Luo X, Wang K, Zuo L, Kang L, Li CSR, Luo X. KTN1 Variants Underlying Putamen Gray Matter Volumes and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:651. [PMID: 32655362 PMCID: PMC7324786 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selective loss of dopaminergic neurons and diminished putamen gray matter volume (GMV) represents a central feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent studies have reported specific effects of kinectin 1 gene (KTN1) variants on the putamen GMV. Objective To examine the relationship of KTN1 variants, KTN1 mRNA expression in the putamen and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), putamen GMV, and PD. Methods We examined the associations between PD and a total of 1847 imputed KTN1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in one discovery sample [2,000 subjects with PD vs. 1,986 healthy controls (HC)], and confirmed the nominally significant associations (p < 0.05) in two replication samples (900 PD vs. 867 HC, and 940 PD vs. 801 HC, respectively). The regulatory effects of risk variants on the KTN1 mRNA expression in putamen and SNc and the putamen GMV were tested. We also quantified the expression levels of KTN1 mRNA in the putamen and/or SNc for comparison between PD and HC in five independent cohorts. Results Six replicable and two non-replicable KTN1-PD associations were identified (0.009 ≤ p ≤ 0.049). The major alleles of five SNPs, including rs12880292, rs8017172, rs17253792, rs945270, and rs4144657, significantly increased risk for PD (0.020 ≤ p ≤ 0.049) and putamen GMVs (19.08 ≤ β ≤ 60.38; 2.82 ≤ Z ≤ 15.03; 5.0 × 10–51 ≤ p ≤ 0.018). The risk alleles of five SNPs, including rs8017172, rs17253792, rs945270, rs4144657, and rs1188184 also significantly increased the KTN1 mRNA expression in the putamen or SNc (0.021 ≤ p ≤ 0.046). The KTN1 mRNA was abundant in the putamen and/or SNc across five independent cohorts and differentially expressed in the SNc between PD and HC in one cohort (p = 0.047). Conclusion There was a consistent, significant, replicable, and robust positive relationship among the KTN1 variants, PD risk, KTN1 mRNA expression in putamen, and putamen volumes, and a modest relation between PD risk and KTN1 mRNA expression in SNc, suggesting that KTN1 may play a functional role in the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Mao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, People's Hospital of Deyang, Deyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longhua Fan
- Qingpu Branch, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawu Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Fuzhou Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianying Xu
- Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Children's Health Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Wenzhong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingqun Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Lingjun Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang Minzu University School of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lei J, Ye G, Pertovaara A, You HJ. Effects of Heating-needle Stimulation in Restoration of Weakened Descending Inhibition of Nociception in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 440:249-266. [PMID: 32504795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigated variations of endogenous descending modulation of nociception and therapeutic effects of intramuscular (i.m.) heating-needle stimulation in early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by unilateral microinjection of 3.5 μl of 2.5 μg/μl 6-hydroxydopamine into the rat striatum. Paw withdrawal reflexes to noxious mechanical and heat stimuli in PD rats with and without exposure to i.m. 5.8% saline induced muscle nociception were evaluated. Experimental PD had no influence on mechanical or heat sensitivity in the baseline condition, whereas descending facilitation was stronger and descending inhibition was weaker in PD rats than vehicle-treated or naive rats during muscle nociception (P < 0.05). Striatal administration of 5 μg of dopamine failed to reverse the PD-associated changes in descending facilitation or inhibition, whereas dopamine in the thalamic mediodorsal (MD) nucleus and ventromedial (VM) nucleus significantly decreased the increase in descending facilitation and reversed the attenuation in descending inhibition, respectively (P < 0.05). I.m. 43 °C of heating-needle stimulation had no effects on the enhanced descending facilitation in PD rats, but it markedly increased descending inhibition and reversed the increase in the number of apomorphine-induced body rotations (P < 0.05), which effects were dose-dependently attenuated by raclopride, a dopamine 2 receptor antagonist, in the thalamic VM nucleus (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the early-stage PD is associated with enhanced descending facilitation and weakened descending inhibition. From clinical perspective, 43 °C heat therapeutic regime promises to selectively enhance descending inhibition that is accompanied by improvement of motor dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lei
- Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, PR China; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Gang Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, PR China
| | - Antti Pertovaara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hao-Jun You
- Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, PR China.
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114
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Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells repair a Parkinson's disease model by inducing autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:288. [PMID: 32341347 PMCID: PMC7184757 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressively debilitating neurodegenerative condition that leads to motor and cognitive dysfunction. At present, clinical treatment can only improve symptoms, but cannot effectively protect dopaminergic neurons. Several reports have demonstrated that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) afford neuroprotection, while their application is limited because of their uncontrollable differentiation and other reasons. Stem cells communicate with cells through secreted exosomes (Exos), the present study aimed to explore whether Exos secreted by hucMSCs could function instead of hucMSCs. hucMSCs were successfully isolated and characterized, and shown to contribute to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-stimulated SH-SY5Y cell proliferation; hucMSC-derived Exos were also involved in this process. The Exos were purified and identified, and then labeled with PKH 26, it was found that the Exos could be efficiently taken up by SH-SY5Y cells after 12 h of incubation. Pretreatment with Exos promoted 6-OHDA-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells to proliferate and inhibited apoptosis by inducing autophagy. Furthermore, Exos reached the substantia nigra through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo, relieved apomorphine-induced asymmetric rotation, reduced substantia nigra dopaminergic neuron loss and apoptosis, and upregulated the level of dopamine in the striatum. These results demonstrate that hucMSCs-Exos have a treatment capability for PD and can traverse the BBB, indicating their potential for the effective treatment of PD.
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115
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Anjum MF, Haug J, Alberico SL, Dasgupta S, Mudumbai R, Kennedy MA, Narayanan NS. Linear Predictive Approaches Separate Field Potentials in Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:394. [PMID: 32390797 PMCID: PMC7193738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) causes impaired movement and cognition. PD can involve profound changes in cortical and subcortical brain activity as measured by electroencephalography or intracranial recordings of local field potentials (LFP). Such signals can adaptively guide deep-brain stimulation (DBS) as part of PD therapy. However, adaptive DBS requires the identification of triggers of neuronal activity dependent on real time monitoring and analysis. Current methods do not always identify PD-related signals and can entail delays. We test an alternative approach based on linear predictive coding (LPC), which fits autoregressive (AR) models to time-series data. Parameters of these AR models can be calculated by fast algorithms in real time. We compare LFPs from the striatum in an animal model of PD with dopamine depletion in the absence and presence of the dopamine precursor levodopa, which is used to treat motor symptoms of PD. We show that in dopamine-depleted mice a first order AR model characterized by a single LPC parameter obtained by LFP sampling at 1 kHz for just 1 min can distinguish between levodopa-treated and saline-treated mice and outperform current methods. This suggests that LPC may be useful in online analysis of neuronal signals to guide DBS in real time and could contribute to DBS-based treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fahim Anjum
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Joshua Haug
- DISTek Integration Inc., Cedar Falls, IA, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Alberico
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Soura Dasgupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Computer Science Center, Jinan, China
| | - Raghuraman Mudumbai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Morgan A. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, Papajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nandakumar S. Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, Papajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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116
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Rosa I, Di Censo D, Ranieri B, Di Giovanni G, Scarnati E, Alecci M, Galante A, Florio TM. Comparison between Tail Suspension Swing Test and Standard Rotation Test in Revealing Early Motor Behavioral Changes and Neurodegeneration in 6-OHDA Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082874. [PMID: 32326015 PMCID: PMC7216013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most commonly used in rodents. The anatomical, metabolic, and behavioral changes that occur after severe and stable 6-OHDA lesions have been extensively studied. Here, we investigated whether early motor behavioral deficits can be observed in the first week after the injection of 6-OHDA into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and if they were indicative of the severity of the dopaminergic (DAergic) lesion in the SNc and the striatum at different time-points (day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21). With this aim, we used our newly modified tail suspension swing test (TSST), the standard rotation test (RT), and immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The TSST, but not the standard RT, revealed a spontaneous motor bias for the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats from the day 1 post-surgery. Both tests detected the motor asymmetry induced by (single and repeated) apomorphine (APO) challenges that correlated, in the first week, with the DAergic neuronal degeneration. The described TSST is fast and easy to perform, and in the drug-free condition is useful for the functional assessment of early motor asymmetry appearing after the 6-OHDA-lesion in the SNc, without the confounding effect of APO challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Rosa
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Davide Di Censo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
| | - Brigida Ranieri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Eugenio Scarnati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Marcello Alecci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Gran Sasso National Laboratories, Assergi, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- SPIN-CNR Institute, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Galante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Gran Sasso National Laboratories, Assergi, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- SPIN-CNR Institute, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marilena Florio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
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Bharatiya R, Bratzu J, Lobina C, Corda G, Cocco C, De Deurwaerdere P, Argiolas A, Melis MR, Sanna F. The pesticide fipronil injected into the substantia nigra of male rats decreases striatal dopamine content: A neurochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioral study. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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118
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Wu YY, Chiu FL, Yeh CS, Kuo HC. Opportunities and challenges for the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in modelling neurodegenerative disease. Open Biol 2020; 9:180177. [PMID: 30958120 PMCID: PMC6367134 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases are among the most difficult human health conditions to model for drug development. Most genetic or toxin-induced cell and animal models cannot faithfully recapitulate pathology in disease-relevant cells, making it excessively challenging to explore the potential mechanisms underlying sporadic disease. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into disease-relevant neurons, providing an unparalleled platform for in vitro modelling and development of therapeutic strategies. Here, we review recent progress in generating Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease models from patient-derived iPSCs. We also describe novel discoveries of pathological mechanisms and drug evaluations that have used these patient iPSC-derived neuronal models. Additionally, current human iPSC technology allows researchers to model diseases with 3D brain organoids, which are more representative of tissue architecture than traditional neuronal cultures. We discuss remaining challenges and emerging opportunities for the use of three-dimensional brain organoids in modelling brain development and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- 1 Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lan Chiu
- 1 Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chan-Shien Yeh
- 1 Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- 1 Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan, Republic of China.,2 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan, Republic of China.,3 Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan, Republic of China
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119
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Long-Term Treatment with Fluvoxamine Decreases Nonmotor Symptoms and Dopamine Depletion in a Postnatal Stress Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1941480. [PMID: 32273939 PMCID: PMC7114775 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1941480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits are frequently observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) and precede the onset of motor symptoms by years. We have recently explored the short-term effects of Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on dopaminergic neurons in a parkinsonian rat model. Here, we report the long-term effects of Fluvoxamine, on early-life stress-induced changes in the brain and behavior. We specifically evaluated the effects of Fluvoxamine on brain mechanisms that contribute to NMS associated with PD in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model. A 14-day early postnatal maternal separation protocol was applied to model early-life stress followed by unilateral intracerebral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to model aspects of parkinsonism in rats. The anxiolytic, antidepressant, and cognitive effects of Fluvoxamine were confirmed using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, sucrose preference test (SPT), and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Further to that, our results showed that animals exposed to early-life stress displayed increased plasma corticosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels which were attenuated by Fluvoxamine treatment. A 6-OHDA lesion effect was evidenced by impairment in the limb-use asymmetry test as well as decreased dopamine (DA) and serotonin levels in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. These effects were surprisingly attenuated by Fluvoxamine treatment in all treated rats. This study is the first to suggest that early and long-term treatment of neuropsychological diseases with Fluvoxamine may decrease the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons that degenerate in the course of PD.
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120
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Andrzejewski K, Jampolska M, Zaremba M, Joniec-Maciejak I, Boguszewski PM, Kaczyńska K. Respiratory pattern and phrenic and hypoglossal nerve activity during normoxia and hypoxia in 6-OHDA-induced bilateral model of Parkinson's disease. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:16. [PMID: 32160868 PMCID: PMC7066294 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory disturbances present in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not well understood. Thus, studies in animal models aimed to link brain dopamine (DA) deficits with respiratory impairment are needed. Adult Wistar rats were lesioned with injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the third cerebral ventricle. Two weeks after hypoxic test was performed in whole-body plethysmography chamber, phrenic (PHR) and hypoglossal (HG) nerve activities were recorded in normoxic and hypoxic conditions in anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated rats. The effects of activation and blockade of dopaminergic carotid body receptors were investigated during normoxia in anesthetized spontaneously breathing rats. 6-OHDA injection affected resting respiratory pattern in awake animals: an increase in tidal volume and a decrease in respiratory rate had no effect on minute ventilation. Hypoxia magnified the amplitude and minute activity of the PHR and HG nerve of 6-OHDA rats. The ratio of pre-inspiratory to inspiratory HG burst amplitude was reduced in normoxic breathing. Yet, the ratio of pre-inspiratory time to total time of the respiratory cycle was increased during normoxia. 6-OHDA lesion had no impact on DA and domperidone effects on the respiratory pattern, which indicate that peripheral DA receptors are not affected in this model. Analysis of monoamines confirmed substantial striatal depletion of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline (NA) and reduction of NA content in the brainstem. In bilateral 6-OHDA model changes in activity of both nerves: HG (linked with increased apnea episodes) and PHR are present. Demonstrated respiratory effects could be related to specific depletion of DA and NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kryspin Andrzejewski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Jampolska
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zaremba
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Joniec-Maciejak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł M Boguszewski
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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121
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Jamali-Raeufy N, Mojarrab Z, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, Fahanik-Babaei J, Goudarzi M. The effects simultaneous inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and P2X7 purinoceptors in an in vivo Parkinson's disease model. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:539-548. [PMID: 32016817 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Loss of dopaminergic neurons following Parkinson's disease (PD) diminishes quality of life in patients. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of simultaneous inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and P2X7 purinoceptors in a PD model and explore possible mechanisms. The 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used as a tool to establish PD model in male Wister rats. The expressions of SIRT1, SIRT3, mTOR, PGC-1α, PTEN, P53 and DNA fragmentation were evaluated by ELISA assay. Behavioral impairments were determined using apomorphine-induced rotational and narrow beam tests. Dopamine synthesis and TH-positive neurons were detected by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. Neuronal density was determined by Nissl staining. OHDA-lesioned rats exhibited behavioral impairments that reversed by BBG, lin and lin + BBG. We found significant reduced levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, PGC-1α and mTOR in both mid brain and striatum from OHDA-lesioned rats that reversed by BBG, lin and lin + BBG. Likewise, significant increased levels of PTEN and P53 were found in both mid brain and striatum from OHDA-lesioned rats that was reversed by BBG, lin and lin + BBG. TH-positive neurons and neuronal density were markedly reduced OHDA-lesioned rats that reversed by BBG, lin and lin + BBG. Collectively, our results showed protective effects of simultaneous inhibition of DPP-4 and P2X7 purinoceptors in a rat model of PD can be linked to targeting SIRT1/SIRT3, PTEN-mTOR pathways. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that simultaneous inhibition of DPP-4 and P2X7 purinoceptors might have stronger effect on mitochondrial biogenesis compared to only one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Jamali-Raeufy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mojarrab
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fahanik-Babaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Goudarzi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sampathkumar NK, Bravo JI, Chen Y, Danthi PS, Donahue EK, Lai RW, Lu R, Randall LT, Vinson N, Benayoun BA. Widespread sex dimorphism in aging and age-related diseases. Hum Genet 2020; 139:333-356. [PMID: 31677133 PMCID: PMC7031050 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although aging is a conserved phenomenon across evolutionary distant species, aspects of the aging process have been found to differ between males and females of the same species. Indeed, observations across mammalian studies have revealed the existence of longevity and health disparities between sexes, including in humans (i.e. with a female or male advantage). However, the underlying mechanisms for these sex differences in health and lifespan remain poorly understood, and it is unclear which aspects of this dimorphism stem from hormonal differences (i.e. predominance of estrogens vs. androgens) or from karyotypic differences (i.e. XX vs. XY sex chromosome complement). In this review, we discuss the state of the knowledge in terms of sex dimorphism in various aspects of aging and in human age-related diseases. Where the interplay between sex differences and age-related differences has not been explored fully, we present the state of the field to highlight important future research directions. We also discuss various dietary, drug or genetic interventions that were shown to improve longevity in a sex-dimorphic fashion. Finally, emerging tools and models that can be leveraged to decipher the mechanisms underlying sex differences in aging are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Sampathkumar
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juan I Bravo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yilin Chen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Masters Program in Nutrition, Healthspan, and Longevity, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Prakroothi S Danthi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Erin K Donahue
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rochelle W Lai
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ryan Lu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lewis T Randall
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Nika Vinson
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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123
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Zhuang XX, Wang SF, Tan Y, Song JX, Zhu Z, Wang ZY, Wu MY, Cai CZ, Huang ZJ, Tan JQ, Su HX, Li M, Lu JH. Pharmacological enhancement of TFEB-mediated autophagy alleviated neuronal death in oxidative stress-induced Parkinson's disease models. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:128. [PMID: 32071296 PMCID: PMC7028954 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a conserved cellular degradation and recycling process, can be enhanced by nutrient depletion, oxidative stress or other harmful conditions to maintain cell survival. 6-Hydroxydopamine/ascorbic acid (6-OHDA/AA) is commonly used to induce experimental Parkinson’s disease (PD) lesions by causing oxidative damage to dopaminergic neurons. Activation of autophagy has been observed in the 6-OHDA-induced PD models. However, the mechanism and exact role of autophagy activation in 6-OHDA PD model remain inconclusive. In this study, we report that autophagy was triggered via mucolipin 1/calcium/calcineurin/TFEB (transcription factor EB) pathway upon oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA/AA. Interestingly, overexpression of TFEB alleviated 6-OHDA/AA toxicity. Moreover, autophagy enhancers, Torin1 (an mTOR-dependent TFEB/autophagy enhancer) and curcumin analog C1 (a TFEB-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy enhancer), significantly rescued 6-OHDA/AA-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells, iPSC-derived DA neurons and mice nigral DA neurons. The behavioral abnormality of 6-OHDA/AA-treated mice can also be rescued by Torin 1 or C1 administration. The protective effects of Torin 1 and C1 can be blocked by autophagy inhibitors like chloroquine (CQ) or by knocking down autophagy-related genes TFEB and ATG5. Taken together, this study supports that TFEB-mediated autophagy is a survival mechanism during oxidative stress and pharmacological enhancement of this process is a neuroprotective strategy against oxidative stress-associated PD lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xu Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Sheng-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Yuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Cui-Zan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huan-Xing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Min Li
- Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
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124
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Andreeva-Gateva P, Traikov L, Sabit Z, Bakalov D, Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova R. Antioxidant Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in 6-Hydroxydopamine Unilateral Intrastriatal Injected Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E122. [PMID: 32024109 PMCID: PMC7070677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a highly oxidizable dopamine (DA) analog that is widely used for reproducing several cell processes identified in Parkinson's disease (PD). Due to the close similarity of its neurotoxic mechanism to those of DA, it is suitable as a model for testing the effects of potentially neuroprotective drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on brain oxidative stress (OS) in unilateral intrastriatal (6-OHDA) injected rats. Forty male Wistar rats, four months old (220-260 g), were evaluated. Half of them received LA (35 mg/kg i.p.) from the start to the end of the experiment. On day 2 of the trial, ten LA-supplemented rats and ten non-LA-supplemented rats were subjected to the apomorphine test. Brain homogenates were evaluated for thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The same evaluation procedures were repeated on day 14 with the remaining animals. An increased TBARS level and decreased GPx activity, suggestive for OS, were recorded in homogenates on day 14 vs. day 2 of the experiment in the 6-OHDA treated rats. The simultaneous application of LA mitigated these changes. Our study demonstrates that the low dose of LA could be of value for decreasing the OS of the neurotoxic 6-OHDA, supporting the need for further studies of the benefit of LA treatment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Andreeva-Gateva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lubomir Traikov
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zafer Sabit
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Bakalov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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125
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Zuccarello E, Acquarone E, Calcagno E, Argyrousi EK, Deng SX, Landry DW, Arancio O, Fiorito J. Development of novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113818. [PMID: 31978378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that plays a multifactorial role in several cellular processes. In the central nervous system, the NO dual nature in neuroprotection and neurotoxicity has been explored to unveil its involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of research shows that the activation of the NO signaling pathway leading to the phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic adenine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) (so-called NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway) ameliorates altered neuroplasticity and memory deficits in AD animal models. In addition to NO donors, several other pharmacological agents, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been used to activate the pathway and rescue memory disorders. PDE5 inhibitors, including sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, are marketed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and arterial pulmonary hypertension due to their vasodilatory properties. The ability of PDE5 inhibitors to interfere with the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway by increasing the levels of cGMP has prompted the hypothesis that PDE5 inhibition might be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. To this end, newly designed PDE5 inhibitors belonging to different chemical classes with improved pharmacologic profile (e.g. higher potency, improved selectivity, and blood-brain barrier penetration) have been synthesized and evaluated in several animal models of AD. In addition, recent medicinal chemistry effort has led to the development of agents concurrently acting on the PDE5 enzyme and a second target involved in AD. Both marketed and investigational PDE5 inhibitors have shown to reverse cognitive defects in young and aged wild type mice as well as transgenic mouse models of AD and tauopathy using a variety of behavioral tasks. These studies confirmed the therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors as cognitive enhancers. However, clinical studies assessing cognitive functions using marketed PDE5 inhibitors have not been conclusive. Drug discovery efforts by our group and others are currently directed towards the development of novel PDE5 inhibitors tailored to AD with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. In summary, the present perspective reports an overview of the correlation between the NO signaling and AD, as well as an outline of the PDE5 inhibitors used as an alternative approach in altering the NO pathway leading to an improvement of learning and memory. The last two sections describe the preclinical and clinical evaluation of PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of AD, providing a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the AD drug discovery efforts involving PDE5 as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zuccarello
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica Acquarone
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisa Calcagno
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elentina K Argyrousi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald W Landry
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jole Fiorito
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States.
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126
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Wang T, Ye X, Bian W, Chen Z, Du J, Li M, Zhou P, Cui H, Ding YQ, Qi S, Liao M, Sun C. Allopregnanolone Modulates GABAAR-Dependent CaMKIIδ3 and BDNF to Protect SH-SY5Y Cells Against 6-OHDA-Induced Damage. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:569. [PMID: 31998078 PMCID: PMC6970471 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (APα), as a functional neurosteroid, exhibits the neuroprotective effect on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) through γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR), but it has not been completely understood about its molecular mechanisms. In order to investigate the neuroprotective effect of APα, as well as to clarify its possible molecular mechanisms, SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines were incubated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which has been widely used as an in vitro model for PD, along with APα alone or in combination with GABAAR antagonist (bicuculline, Bic), intracellular Ca2+ chelator (EGTA) and voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (Nifedipine). The viability, proliferation, and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, the expression levels of calmodulin (CaM), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ3 (CaMKIIδ3), cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as the interaction between CaMKIIδ3 and CDK1 or BDNF, were detected by morphological and molecular biological methodology. Our results found that the cell viability and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and TH/BrdU-positive cells in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells were significantly decreased with the concomitant reduction in the expression levels of aforementioned proteins, which were ameliorated following APα administration. In addition, Bic could further increase the number of TH or BrdU-positive cells as well as the expression levels of aforementioned proteins except for TH/BrdU-double positive cells, while EGTA and Nifedipine could attenuate the expression levels of CaM, CaMKIIδ3 and BDNF. Moreover, there existed a direct interaction between CaMKIIδ3 and CDK1 or BDNF. As a result, APα-induced an increase in the number of TH-positive SH-SY5Y cells might be mediated through GABAAR via Ca2+/CaM/CaMKIIδ3/BDNF (CDK1) signaling pathway, which would ultimately facilitate to elucidate PD pathogenesis and hold a promise as an alternative therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhichi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huairui Cui
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenyou Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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127
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Lee GH, Lee WJ, Hur J, Kim E, Lee HG, Seo HG. Ginsenoside Re Mitigates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Oxidative Stress through Upregulation of GPX4. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010188. [PMID: 31906464 PMCID: PMC6983050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are active components found abundantly in ginseng which has been used as a medicinal herb to modify disease status for thousands of years. However, the pharmacological activity of ginsenoside Re in the neuronal system remains to be elucidated. Neuroprotective activity of ginsenoside Re was investigated in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to induce cellular injury. Ginsenoside Re significantly inhibited 6-OHDA-triggered cellular damage as judged by analysis of tetrazolium dye reduction and lactose dehydrogenase release. In addition, ginsenoside Re induced the expression of the antioxidant protein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) but not catalase, glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione reductase, or superoxide dismutase-1. Furthermore, upregulation of GPX4 by ginsenoside Re was mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase but not by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Ginsenoside Re also suppressed 6-OHDA-triggered cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of membrane lipids. The GPX4 inhibitor (1S,3R)-RSL3 reversed ginsenoside Re-mediated inhibition of cellular damage in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 6-OHDA, indicating that the neuronal activity of ginsenoside Re is due to upregulation of GPX4. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Re-dependent upregulation of GPX4 reduces oxidative stress and thereby alleviates 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hur
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyuk Gyoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Sang-Huh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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128
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Varešlija D, Tipton KF, Davey GP, McDonald AG. 6-Hydroxydopamine: a far from simple neurotoxin. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:213-230. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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129
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Binda K, Real C, Ferreira A, Britto L, Chacur M. Antinociceptive effects of treadmill exercise in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: The role of cannabinoid and opioid receptors. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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130
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Zou Y, Qian Z, Gong Y, Tang Y, Wei G, Zhang Q. Critical nucleus of Greek-key-like core of α-synuclein protofibril and its disruption by dopamine and norepinephrine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:203-211. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04610k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protofibrillar trimer is the critical nucleus for the αS fibril formation, and the tetramer is the minimal stable nucleus. The interactions of DA/NE with αS trimer/tetramer disrupt the backbone H-bonds and destabilize the αS protofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zou
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science
- College of Education
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310007
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Ministry of Education) and School of Kinesiology
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai 200438
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yehong Gong
- College of Physical Education and Training
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai 200438
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics
- Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University
- 220 Handan Road
- Shanghai 200433
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics
- Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University
- 220 Handan Road
- Shanghai 200433
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Training
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai 200438
- People's Republic of China
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131
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Maegawa H, Adachi N, Hanamoto H, Kudo C, Niwa H. Bilateral Parkinson's disease model rats exhibit hyperalgesia to subcutaneous formalin administration into the vibrissa pad. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225928. [PMID: 31805115 PMCID: PMC6894844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We bilaterally injected 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle of rats and developed bilateral Parkinson’s disease (PD) model rats in order to experimentally investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the alteration of nociception in the orofacial region of patients with PD. We explored the effects of dopamine depletion on nociception by investigating behavioral responses (face rubbing) triggered by subcutaneous administration of formalin into the vibrissa pad. We also assessed the number of c-Fos–immunoreactive (c-Fos-IR) cells in the superficial layers of the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc). Subcutaneous formalin administration evoked a two-phase increase in face rubbing. We observed the first increase 0–5 min after formalin administration (first phase) and the second increase 10–60 min after administration (second phase). The number of face rubbing behaviors of 6OHDA–injected rats did not significantly change compared with saline–injected rats in both phases. Significant increase of c-Fos-IR cells in the Vc was found in 6-OHDA–injected rats after formalin administration compared with those in saline–injected rats after formalin administration. We also assessed expression of c-Fos-IR cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and significant decrease of c-Fos-IR cells in the PVN of 6-OHDA–injected rats was found. Taken together, these findings suggest that bilateral dopaminergic denervation evoked by 6-OHDA administration causes hyperalgesia in the trigeminal region and the PVN may be involved in the hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroharu Maegawa
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Nayuka Adachi
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hanamoto
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiho Kudo
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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132
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Long-Term Voluntary Physical Exercise Exerts Neuroprotective Effects and Motor Disturbance Alleviation in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:4829572. [PMID: 31885725 PMCID: PMC6915149 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4829572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting 7–10 million individuals. The pathologic hallmark of PD is nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron loss, leading to several motor and nonmotor disturbances, such as akinesia, gait disturbance, depression, and anxiety. Recent animal studies have demonstrated that physical exercise improves behavioral and neuropathological deficits in PD. However, the exact underlying mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether long-term exercise has neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and whether it further alleviates impairment of the gait pattern, locomotor activity, akinesia, and anxiety-like behavior in PD rats. Methods A hemiparkinsonian rat model, generated by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle, was applied to evaluate neuroprotective effects and motor behaviors. Comprehensive spatiotemporal gait analysis, open-field locomotor activity, akinesia, apomorphine-induced rotational analysis, and dopaminergic neuron degeneration level were assessed every week and up to 8 weeks after daily voluntary running wheel exercise. Results Compared with the sham-treated group, we found that 10 weeks of voluntary exercise (i.e., 2-week exercise before PD lesion and 8-week exercise post-PD lesion) significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced motor deficits in the gait pattern, akinesia, and rotational behavior in the exercise group. Immunohistochemically, a tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuron in the substantia nigra was significantly preserved in the exercise group. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that long-term exercise training is effective for neuroprotection and further attenuates motor declines induced by 6-OHDA in an experimental model of PD. Our data further highlighted potential therapeutic effects of long-term physical exercise relevant to clinical effects for further potential application on human PD subjects.
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Liu Y, Liu J, Jiao SR, Liu X, Guo Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Xie W, Wang HS, Zhang L. Serotonin1A receptors in the dorsal hippocampus regulate working memory and long-term habituation in the hemiparkinsonian rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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134
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Wu Z, Wang T, Li L, Hui Y, Zhang Q, Yuan H. Activation and blockade of α 2-adrenoceptors in the prelimbic cortex regulate anxiety-like behaviors in hemiparkinsonian rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:697-704. [PMID: 31542234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At present, whether α2-adrenoceptors in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) are involved in Parkinson's disease-related anxiety is unclear. We examined the effects of PrL α2-adrenoceptors on anxiety-like behaviors in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle. Compared to the sham operation, the lesion induced anxiety-like responses as measured by the open field test and elevated plus-maze test. Intra-PrL injection of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (1.25, 2.5 or 5 μg/rat) produced anxiolytic effects in sham-operated and lesioned rats. Furthermore, intra-PrL injection of the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (1, 2 or 4 μg/rat) induced anxiogenic effects in two groups of rats. The effective doses produced by clonidine and idazoxan in lesioned rats were higher than those in sham-operated rats. Neurochemical results showed that intra-PrL injection of clonidine (5 μg/rat) or idazoxan (4 μg/rat) decreased or increased dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala in sham-operated and lesioned rats, respectively. These results suggest that α2-adrenoceptors in the PrL are involved in the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors, which is attributable to changes in DA, NA and 5-HT levels in the mPFC and amygdala after activation and blockade of α2-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongheng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanping Hui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaojun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haifeng Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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135
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Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, M Albino C, de Souza HDN, Corrêa-Velloso J, de Jesus Santos AP, Baranova J, Ulrich H. P2Y6 and P2X7 Receptor Antagonism Exerts Neuroprotective/ Neuroregenerative Effects in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:476. [PMID: 31787881 PMCID: PMC6856016 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by decreased dopamine bioavailability in the substantia nigra and the striatum. Taking into account that adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites are intensely released in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of PD, screening of purinergic receptor gene expression was performed. Effects of pharmacological P2Y6 or P2X7 receptor antagonism were studied in preventing or reversing hemiparkinsonian behavior and dopaminergic deficits in this animal model. P2X7 receptor antagonism with Brilliant Blue G (BBG) at a dose of 75 mg/kg re-established the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in rats injured with 6-OHDA. Selective P2Y6 receptor antagonism by MRS2578 prevented dopaminergic neuron death in SH-SY5Y cells in vitro and in vivo in the substantia nigra of rats injured with 6-OHDA. Moreover, in vivo analysis showed that both treatments were accompanied by a reduction of microglial activation in the substantia nigra. Altogether, these data provide evidence that antagonism of P2X7 or P2Y6 receptors results in neuroregenerative or neuroprotective effects, respectively, possibly through modulation of neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Albino
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hellio Danny Nóbrega de Souza
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Corrêa-Velloso
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Jesus Santos
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Baranova
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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136
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Yang Y, Qian J, Mei J, Zhong K, Niu C. In vivo detection of metabolic changes in the striatum of proteasomal inhibition-induced Parkinson’s disease in rats using proton MR spectroscopy at 9.4 T. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:153-160. [PMID: 31516042 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1667783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Qian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Jiaming Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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137
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Blockade of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the lateral habenula produces increased antidepressant-like effects in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats compared to sham-lesioned rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 157:107687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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138
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Carmo M, Gonçalves FQ, Canas PM, Oses JP, Fernandes FD, Duarte FV, Palmeira CM, Tomé AR, Agostinho P, Andrade GM, Cunha RA. Enhanced ATP release and CD73-mediated adenosine formation sustain adenosine A 2A receptor over-activation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3666-3680. [PMID: 31220343 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) involves an initial loss of striatal dopamine terminals evolving into degeneration of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra (SN), which can be modelled by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration. Adenosine A2A receptor blockade attenuates PD features in animal models, but the source of the adenosine causing A2A receptor over-activation is unknown. As ATP is a stress signal, we have tested if extracellular catabolism of adenine nucleotides into adenosine (through ecto-5'-nucleotidase or CD73) leads to A2A receptor over-activation in PD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of blocking CD73 with α,β-methylene ADP (AOPCP) were assayed in 6-OHDA-treated rats and dopamine-differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. KEY RESULTS 6-OHDA increased ATP release and extracellular conversion into adenosine through CD73 up-regulation in SH-SY5Y cells. Removing extracellular adenosine with adenosine deaminase, blocking CD73 with AOPCP, or blocking A2A receptors with SCH58261 were equi-effective in preventing 6-OHDA-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo striatal exposure to 6-OHDA increased ATP release and extracellular formation of adenosine from adenosine nucleotides and up-regulated CD73 and A2A receptors in striatal synaptosomes. Intracerebroventricular administration of AOPCP phenocopied effects of SCH58261, attenuating 6-OHDA-induced (a) increase of contralateral rotations after apomorphine, (b) reduction of dopamine content in striatum and SN, (c) loss of TH staining in striatum and SN, (d) motor dysfunction in the cylinder test, and (e) short-term memory impairment in the object recognition test. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data indicate that increased ATP-derived adenosine formation is responsible for A2A receptor over-activation in PD, suggesting CD73 as a new target to manage PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carmo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Oses
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco D Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Filipe V Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Geanne M Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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139
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Zhu Y, Liu B, Zheng X, Wu J, Chen S, Chen Z, Chen T, Huang Z, Lei W. Partial decortication ameliorates dopamine depletion‑induced striatal neuron lesions in rats. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1414-1424. [PMID: 31364729 PMCID: PMC6713435 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between glutamate (cortex and thalamus) and dopamine (substantia nigra) inputs on striatal neurons is of vital importance. Dopamine deficiency, which breaks this balance and leads to the domination of cortical glutamatergic inputs, plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact impact on striatal neurons has not been fully clarified. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the influence of corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs on striatal neurons after decortication due to dopamine depletion in rats. 6-Hydroxydopamine was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle to induce dopamine depletion, and/or ibotenic acid into the primary motor cortex to induce decortication. Subsequently, the grip strength test and Morris water maze task indicated that decortication significantly shortened the hang time and the latency that had been increased in the rats subjected to dopamine depletion. Golgi staining and electron microscopy analysis showed that the total dendritic length and dendritic spine density of the striatal neurons were decreased in the dopamine-depleted rats, whereas decortication alleviated this damage. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that decortication decreased the number of caspase-3-positive neurons in the dopamine-depleted rats. Moreover, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses showed that decortication offset the upregulation of caspase-3 at both the protein and mRNA levels in the dopamine-depleted rats. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that a relative excess of cortical glutamate inputs had a substantial impact on the pathological processes of striatal neuron lesions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Periodical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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140
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Peterson AR, Binder DK. Post-translational Regulation of GLT-1 in Neurological Diseases and Its Potential as an Effective Therapeutic Target. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:164. [PMID: 31338020 PMCID: PMC6629900 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is a Na+-dependent transporter that plays a key role in glutamate homeostasis by removing excess glutamate in the central nervous system (CNS). GLT-1 dysregulation occurs in various neurological diseases including Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and epilepsy. Downregulation or dysfunction of GLT-1 has been a common finding across these diseases but how this occurs is still under investigation. This review aims to highlight post-translational regulation of GLT-1 which leads to its downregulation including sumoylation, palmitoylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, and subcellular localization. Various therapeutic interventions to restore GLT-1, their proposed mechanism of action and functional effects will be examined as potential treatments to attenuate the neurological symptoms associated with loss or downregulation of GLT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Peterson
- Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Devin K Binder
- Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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141
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The levels of the NMDA receptor co-agonist D-serine are reduced in the substantia nigra of MPTP-lesioned macaques and in the cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8898. [PMID: 31222058 PMCID: PMC6586824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated transmission is supposed to contribute to the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and to L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Besides the main agonist L-glutamate, two other amino acids in the atypical D-configuration, D-serine and D-aspartate, activate NMDARs. In the present work, we investigated the effect of dopamine depletion on D-amino acids metabolism in the brain of MPTP-lesioned Macaca mulatta, and in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of PD patients. We found that MPTP treatment increases D-aspartate and D-serine in the monkey putamen while L-DOPA rescues both D-amino acids levels. Conversely, dopaminergic denervation is associated with selective D-serine reduction in the substantia nigra. Such decrease suggests that the beneficial effect of D-serine adjuvant therapy previously reported in PD patients may derive from the normalization of endogenous D-serine levels and consequent improvement of nigrostriatal hypoglutamatergic transmission at glycine binding site. We also found reduced D-serine concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of L-DOPA-free PD patients. These results further confirm the existence of deep interaction between dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in PD and disclose a possible direct influence of D-amino acids variations in the changes of NMDAR transmission occurring under dopamine denervation and L-DOPA therapy.
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142
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Dienes JA, Hu X, Janson KD, Slater C, Dooley EA, Christ GJ, Russell SD. Analysis and Modeling of Rat Gait Biomechanical Deficits in Response to Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:146. [PMID: 31275932 PMCID: PMC6593045 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a substantial volume of research underway to develop more effective approaches for the regeneration of functional muscle tissue as treatment for volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury, but few studies have evaluated the relationship between injury and the biomechanics required for normal function. To address this knowledge gap, the goal of this study was to develop a novel method to quantify the changes in gait of rats with tibialis anterior (TA) VML injuries. This method should be sensitive enough to identify biomechanical and kinematic changes in response to injury as well as during recovery. Control rats and rats with surgically-created VML injuries were affixed with motion capture markers on the bony landmarks of the back and hindlimb and were recorded walking on a treadmill both prior to and post-surgery. Data collected from the motion capture system was exported for post-hoc analysis in OpenSim and Matlab. In vivo force testing indicated that the VML injury was associated with a significant deficit in force generation ability. Analysis of joint kinematics showed significant differences at all three post-surgical timepoints and gait cycle phase shifting, indicating augmented gait biomechanics in response to VML injury. In conclusion, this method identifies and quantifies key differences in the gait biomechanics and joint kinematics of rats with VML injuries and allows for analysis of the response to injury and recovery. The comprehensive nature of this method opens the door for future studies into dynamics and musculoskeletal control of injured gait that can inform the development of regenerative technologies focused on the functional metrics that are most relevant to recovery from VML injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Dienes
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Xiao Hu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kevin D Janson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Conrad Slater
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Emily A Dooley
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - George J Christ
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shawn D Russell
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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143
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Churchill MJ, Cantu MA, Kasanga EA, Moore C, Salvatore MF, Meshul CK. Glatiramer Acetate Reverses Motor Dysfunction and the Decrease in Tyrosine Hydroxylase Levels in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2019; 414:8-27. [PMID: 31220543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and there are no effective treatments that either slow or reverse the degeneration of the dopamine (DA) pathway. Using a 4-week progressive MPTP (1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) neurotoxin model of PD, which is characterized by neuroinflammation, loss of nigrostriatal DA, and motor dysfunction, as seen in patients with PD, we tested whether post-MPTP treatment with glatiramer acetate (GA), an immunomodulatory drug, could reverse these changes. GA restored the grip dysfunction and gait abnormalities that were evident in the MPTP treated group. The reversal of the motor dysfunction was attributable to the substantial recovery in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein expression in the striatum. Within the substantia nigra pars compacta, surface cell count analysis showed a slight increase in TH+ cells following GA treatment in the MPTP group, which was not statistically different from the vehicle (VEH) group. This was associated with the recovery of BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) protein levels and a reduction in the microglial marker, IBA1, protein expression within the midbrain. Alpha synuclein (syn-1) levels within the midbrain and striatum were decreased following MPTP, while GA facilitated recovery to VEH levels in the striatum in the MPTP group. Although DA tissue analysis revealed no significant increase in striatal DA or 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels (DOPAC) in the MPTP group treated with GA, DA turnover (DOPAC/DA) recovered back to VEH levels following GA treatment. GA treatment effectively reversed clinical (motor dysfunction) and pathology (TH, IBA1, BDNF expression) of PD in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Cantu
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ella A Kasanga
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Cindy Moore
- Research Services, VA Medical Center/Portland, OR
| | - Michael F Salvatore
- Institute for Healthy Aging and Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Charles K Meshul
- Research Services, VA Medical Center/Portland, OR; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Heath & Science University, Portland OR 97239; Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239
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144
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Simorgh S, Alizadeh R, Eftekharzadeh M, Haramshahi SMA, Milan PB, Doshmanziari M, Ramezanpour F, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Seifi M, Moradi F. Olfactory mucosa stem cells: An available candidate for the treatment of the Parkinson's disease. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23763-23773. [PMID: 31173364 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) possess the immunosuppressive activity and regeneration capacity and hold a lot of promises for neurodegenerative disorders treatment. This study aimed to determine OE-MSCs which are able to augment and differentiate into functional neurons and regenerate the CNS and also examine whether the implantation of OE-MSCs in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNpc) can improve Parkinson's symptoms in a rat model-induced with 6-hydroxydopamine. We isolated OE-MSCs from lamina propria in olfactory mucosa and characterized them using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The therapeutic potential of OE-MSCs was evaluated by the transplantation of isolated cells using a rat model of acute SN injury as a Parkinson's disease. Significant behavioral improvement in Parkinsonian rats was elicited by the OE-MSCs. The results demonstrate that the expression of PAX2, PAX5, PITX3, dopamine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase was increased by OE-MSCs compared to the control group which is analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction technique and immunohistochemical staining. In the outcome, the transplantation of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3'3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate labeled OE-MSCs that were fully differentiated to dopaminergic neurons contribute to a substantial improvement in patients with Parkinson's. Together, our results provide that using OE-MSCs in neurodegenerative disorders might lead to better neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Simorgh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Eftekharzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Haramshahi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Doshmanziari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Seifi
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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145
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Real CC, Doorduin J, Kopschina Feltes P, Vállez García D, de Paula Faria D, Britto LR, de Vries EF. Evaluation of exercise-induced modulation of glial activation and dopaminergic damage in a rat model of Parkinson's disease using [ 11C]PBR28 and [ 18F]FDOPA PET. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:989-1004. [PMID: 29271291 PMCID: PMC6545619 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17750351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that exercise can modulate neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. We evaluated if such effects of exercise can be detected with positron emission tomography (PET) in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rats were unilaterally injected in the striatum with 6-hydroxydopamine (PD rats) or saline (controls) and either remained sedentary (SED) or were forced to exercise three times per week for 40 min (EX). Motor and cognitive functions were evaluated by the open field, novel object recognition, and cylinder tests. At baseline, day 10 and 30, glial activation and dopamine synthesis were assessed by [11C]PBR28 and [18F]FDOPA PET, respectively. PET data were confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of microglial (Iba-1) / astrocyte (GFAP) activation and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). [11C]PBR28 PET showed increased glial activation in striatum and hippocampus of PD rats at day 10, which had resolved at day 30. Exercise completely suppressed glial activation. Imaging results correlated well with post-mortem Iba-1 staining, but not with GFAP staining. [18F]FDOPA PET, TH staining and behavioral tests indicate that 6-OHDA caused damage to dopaminergic neurons, which was partially prevented by exercise. These results show that exercise can modulate toxin-induced glial activation and neuronal damage, which can be monitored noninvasively by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Real
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,3 Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), University of São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janine Doorduin
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Kopschina Feltes
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Vállez García
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- 3 Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), University of São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Britto
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erik Fj de Vries
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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146
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147
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Mannan Thodukayil N, Antony J, Thomas P, Jeyarani V, Choephel T, Manisha C, Jose A, Karolina Sahadevan S, Kannan E. Desferrioxamine and dextromethorphan combination exhibited synergistic effect and reversed the catalepsy behaviour in 6-hydroxydopamine hydroydopamine administered rats through regulating brain glutamate levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1271-1281. [PMID: 31144300 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of desferrioxamine (DFO) and dextromethorphan (DXM) combination in animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS The PD was induced in rats through intracerebroventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) using stereotaxic apparatus. The animals were subjected to behavioural assessments and neurobiochemicals estimation followed by immunohistochemistry staining of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in striatum. KEY FINDINGS Desferrioxamine and DXM combination has significantly reversed the catalepsy behaviour and elevated the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH) and dopamine levels. Interestingly, the level of glutamate, nitric oxide, cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and NSE expressions were found to be decreased in striatum region of 6-OHDA-administered rats. The combination of DFO and DXM has shown synergism in most of the parameters studied, when compared to per se treatment. CONCLUSIONS The reversal of catalepsy behaviour represents the protective effect of above combination on dopamine neurons in striatum from 6-OHDA toxicity. The mechanism of DFO and DXM combination might be attributed through attenuation of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in neurons through ameliorating the reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Treatment with DFO and DXM combination could control the multiple events in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaf Mannan Thodukayil
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Justin Antony
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peet Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Victoria Jeyarani
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tenzin Choephel
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chennu Manisha
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asha Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santilna Karolina Sahadevan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elango Kannan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
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148
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Willard AM, Isett BR, Whalen TC, Mastro KJ, Ki CS, Mao X, Gittis AH. State transitions in the substantia nigra reticulata predict the onset of motor deficits in models of progressive dopamine depletion in mice. eLife 2019; 8:e42746. [PMID: 30839276 PMCID: PMC6402832 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose cardinal motor symptoms are attributed to dysfunction of basal ganglia circuits under conditions of low dopamine. Despite well-established physiological criteria to define basal ganglia dysfunction, correlations between individual parameters and motor symptoms are often weak, challenging their predictive validity and causal contributions to behavior. One limitation is that basal ganglia pathophysiology is studied only at end-stages of depletion, leaving an impoverished understanding of when deficits emerge and how they evolve over the course of depletion. In this study, we use toxin- and neurodegeneration-induced mouse models of dopamine depletion to establish the physiological trajectory by which the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) transitions from the healthy to the diseased state. We find that physiological progression in the SNr proceeds in discrete state transitions that are highly stereotyped across models and correlate well with the prodromal and symptomatic stages of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Willard
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Brian R Isett
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Timothy C Whalen
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Kevin J Mastro
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Chris S Ki
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Aryn H Gittis
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
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149
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Domenici RA, Campos ACP, Maciel ST, Berzuino MB, Hernandes MS, Fonoff ET, Pagano RL. Parkinson's disease and pain: Modulation of nociceptive circuitry in a rat model of nigrostriatal lesion. Exp Neurol 2019; 315:72-81. [PMID: 30772369 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive dysfunction of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons, generating motor and nonmotor signs and symptoms. Pain is reported as the most bothersome nonmotor symptom in PD; however, pain remains overlooked and poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the nociceptive behavior and the descending analgesia circuitry in a rat model of PD. Three independent experiments were performed to investigate: i) thermal nociceptive behavior; ii) mechanical nociceptive behavior and dopaminergic repositioning; and iii) modulation of the pain control circuitry. The rat model of PD, induced by unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), did not interfere with thermal nociceptive responses; however, the mechanical nociceptive threshold was decreased bilaterally compared to that of naive or striatal saline-injected rats. This response was reversed by apomorphine or levodopa treatment. Striatal 6-OHDA induced motor impairments and reduced dopaminergic neuron immunolabeling as well as the pattern of neuronal activation (c-Fos) in the substantia nigra ipsilateral (IPL) to the lesion. In the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), 6-OHDA-induced lesion increased IPL and decreased contralateral PAG GABAergic labeling compared to control. In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, lesioned rats showed bilateral inhibition of enkephalin and μ-opioid receptor labeling. Taken together, we demonstrated that the unilateral 6-OHDA-induced PD model induces bilateral mechanical hypernociception, which is reversed by dopamine restoration, changes in the PAG circuitry, and inhibition of spinal opioidergic regulation, probably due to impaired descending analgesic control. A better understanding of pain mechanisms in PD patients is critical for developing better therapeutic strategies to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Domenici
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Soraya T Maciel
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriã B Berzuino
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Erich T Fonoff
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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150
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Porsdam Mann S, Sun R, Hermerén G. A framework for the ethical assessment of chimeric animal research involving human neural tissue. BMC Med Ethics 2019; 20:10. [PMID: 30683100 PMCID: PMC6347750 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-019-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models of human diseases are often used in biomedical research in place of human subjects. However, results obtained by animal models may fail to hold true for humans. One way of addressing this problem is to make animal models more similar to humans by placing human tissue into animal models, rendering them chimeric. Since technical and ethical limitations make neurological disorders difficult to study in humans, chimeric models with human neural tissue could help advance our understanding of neuropathophysiology. MAIN BODY In this article, we examine whether the introduction of human neural tissue and any consequent cognitive change is relevant to the way we ought to treat chimeras. We argue that changes in cognitive abilities are morally relevant to the extent that they increase the capacities that affect the moral status of any entity, including awareness, autonomy, and sociability. We posit that no being, regardless of species, should be treated in a way that is incommensurate with its moral status. Finally, we propose a framework that can be used to guide ethical assessment of research involving chimeras with advanced cognitive capacities. CONCLUSION We advance this framework as a useful tool for bringing relevant considerations to the forefront for those considering the ethical merit of proposed chimeric research. In doing so, we examine concepts relevant to the question of how any entity may be treated, including moral status, dignity, and capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Porsdam Mann
- Uehiro Center for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 1PT UK
- Department of Media, Cognition and Communication, University of Copenhagen, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Rosa Sun
- University Hospital of Coventry Clifford Bridge Rd, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Göran Hermerén
- Department of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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