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Naicker SN, Ahun MN, Besharati S, Norris SA, Orri M, Richter LM. The Long-Term Health and Human Capital Consequences of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Birth to Thirty Cohort: Single, Cumulative, and Clustered Adversity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1799. [PMID: 35162821 PMCID: PMC8835353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human capital-that is the cumulative abilities, education, social skills, and mental and physical health one possesses-is increasingly recognized as key to the reduction of inequality in societies. Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to a range of human capital indicators, with the majority of research in high-income, western settings. This study aims to examine the link between adverse childhood experiences and adult human capital in a South African birth cohort and to test whether associations differ by measurement of adversity. Secondary analysis of data from the Birth to Thirty study was undertaken. Exposure data on adversity was collected prospectively throughout childhood and retrospectively at age 22. Human capital outcomes were collected at age 28. Adversity was measured as single adverse experiences, cumulative adversity, and clustered adversity. All three measurements of adversity were linked to poor human capital outcomes, with risk for poor human capital increasing with the accumulation of adversity. Adversity was clustered by quantity (low versus high) and type (household dysfunction versus abuse). Adversity in childhood was linked to a broad range of negative outcomes in young adulthood regardless of how it was measured. Nevertheless, issues of measurement are important to understand the risk mechanisms that underlie the association between adversity and poor human capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Naicker
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (S.A.N.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Marilyn N. Ahun
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sahba Besharati
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Shane A. Norris
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (S.A.N.); (L.M.R.)
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Linda M. Richter
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (S.A.N.); (L.M.R.)
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102
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Keizer A, Heijman JO, Dijkerman HC. Do transdiagnostic factors influence affective touch perception in psychiatric populations? Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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103
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Pageau F, Seaward H, Habermeyer E, Elger B, Wangmo T. Loneliness and social isolation among the older person in a Swiss secure institution: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:90. [PMID: 35105337 PMCID: PMC8806358 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pandemic of loneliness is hitting the aging population. As COVID19 forced us to isolate ourselves, we are in a better position to understand consequences of social distancing. The recent literature showed that older incarcerated adults are particularly at risk of health-related complications due to isolation in the prison environment, reducing their social capital. Mental and physical health can be severely affected by loneliness and social isolation, especially in prison. METHODS Our qualitative study investigates the view of older persons deprieved of their liberty on loneliness and social isolation pertaining to their mental health. We interviewed 57 older participants, including imprisoned individuals and forensic patients, following a semi-structured interview guide. During the data management and data analysis process, we excluded 7 interviews which were of poorer quality. Thereafter, we analyzed the remainders following a thematic approach. RESULTS Most interviewees experience loneliness following lack of significant human relationships in prison. Making friends appears to be a challenge for all the participants, because, for one thing, they do not find people with similar interests. Also, secure institution setting aggravates isolation due to the restrictions of movement placed such as rules concerning movement between floors, hindering intimate relationship, and separation between friends. Moreover, contact with prison personnel is limited and lack social capital (e.g. trust). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to present incarcerated persons' perspective on loneliness, social isolation and poor social capital in the Swiss prison setting. These has been reported to cause health problems both somatic and psychological. Our participants experience these deleterious factors in detention. As prisons have the possibility to become a health-promoting environment through connectedness, friendship, and trust promotion, stakeholders need to better their social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Pageau
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Helene Seaward
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elmar Habermeyer
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernice Elger
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Unit of Health Law and Humanitarian Medicine, Center for legal medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tenzin Wangmo
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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104
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Beckers T, Maassen N, Koekkoek B, Tiemens B, Hutschemaekers G. Can social support be improved in people with a severe mental illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 35125852 PMCID: PMC8802266 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
People with a severe mental illness often have less social support than other people, yet these people need social support to face the challenges in their lives. Increasing social support could benefit the person's recovery, but it is not clear whether interventions that aim to improve social support in people with a severe mental illness are effective. A systematic literature search and review in MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, JSTOR, IBSS, and Embase was performed. Studies were included if they had a control group and they were aimed at improving social support in people with a severe mental illness who were receiving outpatient treatment. Summary data were extracted from the research papers and compared in a meta-analysis by converting outcomes to effect sizes (Hedges's g). Eight studies (total n = 1538) that evaluated ten different interventions met the inclusion criteria. All but one of these studies was of sufficient quality to be included in the review. The studies that were included in the meta-analysis had a combined effect size of 0.17 (confidence interval: 0.02 to 0.32), indicating a small or no effect for the interventions that were evaluated. A subgroup analysis of more personalized studies showed a combined effect size of 0.35 (CI = 0.27 to 0.44), indicating a noteworthy effect for these more personalized studies. This evaluation of interventions aimed at improving social support in people with a severe mental illness suggests that these interventions in general have little or no clinical benefit. However, in a subgroup analysis the more personalized interventions have a larger effect on improving social support and merit further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Beckers
- MET Ggz, Primary Healthcare Department, Minister Beverstraat 3, 6042 BL Roermond, the Netherlands
- Research Group Social Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, HAN University of Applied Science, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niek Maassen
- Research Group Social Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, HAN University of Applied Science, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Koekkoek
- Research Group Social Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, HAN University of Applied Science, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Pro Persona Research, Renkum, the Netherlands
| | - Bea Tiemens
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Pro Persona Research, Renkum, the Netherlands
- Indigo, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Giel Hutschemaekers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Pro Persona Research, Renkum, the Netherlands
- Indigo, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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105
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Zhong R, Zhang H, Chen Q, Guo X, Han Y, Lin W. Social Isolation and Associated Factors in Chinese Adults With Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurol 2022; 12:813698. [PMID: 35087477 PMCID: PMC8787157 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.813698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of social isolation and associated factors among adults with epilepsy in northeast China. Methods: A cohort of consecutive patients with epilepsy (PWE) from the First Hospital of Jilin University (Changchun, China) was recruited. Demographic and clinical data for each patient were collected during a face-to-face interview. Social isolation was measured using the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI), and the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E) and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31) were also administered. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with social isolation in PWE. Results: A total of 165 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean SNI score was 2.56 (SD: 1.19), and 35 patients (21.2%) were socially isolated. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher depressive symptom levels (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.003-1.318, P = 0.045) and poorer quality of life (OR = 0.967, 95% CI: 0.935-0.999, P = 0.047) emerged as independent factors associated with social isolation in PWE. Conclusion: Social isolation is common and occurs in approximately one-fifth of PWE. Social isolation is significantly associated with depressive symptoms and poor quality of life in PWE. Patients need to be encouraged to actively integrate with others and reduce social isolation, which may help improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingling Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Second People's Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujian Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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106
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Downward P, Rasciute S, Kumar H. Mental health and satisfaction with partners: a longitudinal analysis in the UK. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:15. [PMID: 35086553 PMCID: PMC8793196 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current UK health policy stresses treating health as an asset to underpin and promote a more inclusive and productive society. The quality of personal relationships is essential for overall quality of life. The social determinants of health (SDH) literature shows that poor mental health and well-being are linked to weaker personal and social connections for individuals, families, and society. The causal impact that mental health has on satisfaction with partners is less understood but requires investigation. METHODS The causal relationship between mental health and satisfaction with partners is examined drawing on the United Kingdom's British Household Panel Survey from 1991 to 2008. A total sample of 9,024 individuals in dyadic couples comprising 42,464 observations was analysed using fixed-effects and instrumental variable fixed-effects panel data estimation. RESULTS Lower mental health is associated with a lower satisfaction with partners. However, some causal evidence of lower mental health reducing satisfaction with partners is present for males. DISCUSSION For females, relationship satisfaction is more likely to influence mental health. For males there is a potential 'vicious circle' between satisfaction with partners and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Investment in mental health provision can improve satisfaction with partners which in turn will further enhance health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Downward
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Simona Rasciute
- School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Economics, Policy and International Business, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK
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Brosch K, Meller T, Pfarr JK, Stein F, Schmitt S, Ringwald KG, Waltemate L, Lemke H, Thiel K, Schrammen E, Hülsmann C, Meinert S, Dohm K, Leehr EJ, Opel N, Krug A, Dannlowski U, Nenadić I, Kircher T. Which traits predict elevated distress during the Covid-19 pandemic? Results from a large, longitudinal cohort study with psychiatric patients and healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:18-25. [PMID: 34670129 PMCID: PMC8520504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in repeated, prolonged restrictions in daily life. Social distancing policies as well as health anxiety are thought to lead to mental health impairment. However, there is lack of longitudinal data identifying at-risk populations particularly vulnerable for elevated Covid-19-related distress. We collected data of N = 1268 participants (n = 622 healthy controls (HC), and n = 646 patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) at baseline before (2014-2018) and during (April-May 2020) the first lockdown in Germany. We obtained information on Covid-19 restrictions (number and subjective impact of Covid-19 events), and Covid-19-related distress (i.e., subjective fear and isolation). Using multiple linear regression models including trait variables and individual Covid-19 impact, we sought to predict Covid-19-related distress. HC and patients reported similar numbers of Covid-19-related events, and similar subjective impact rating. They did not differ in Covid-19-related subjective fear. Patients reported significantly higher subjective isolation. 30.5% of patients reported worsened self-rated symptoms since the pandemic. Subjective fear in all participants was associated with trait anxiety (STAI-T), conscientiousness (NEO-FFI), Covid-19 impact, and sex. Subjective isolation in HC was associated with social support (FSozu), Covid-19 impact, age, and sex; in patients, it was associated with social support and Covid-19 impact. Our data shed light on differential effects of the pandemic in psychiatric patients and HC. Low social support, high conscientiousness and high trait anxiety are associated with elevated distress during the pandemic. These variables might be valuable for the creation of risk profiles of Covid-19-related distress for direct translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai G. Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schrammen
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carina Hülsmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J. Leehr
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, IZKF, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9a, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, UKGM, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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108
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de Feijter M, Kocevska D, Blanken TF, van der Velpen IF, Ikram MA, Luik AI. The network of psychosocial health in middle-aged and older adults during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2469-2479. [PMID: 35674801 PMCID: PMC9174915 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychosocial health problems, such as social isolation, loneliness, depression and anxiety, have gained attention during the COVID-19 pandemic and are commonly co-occurring. We investigated the network of psychosocial health constructs during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study included 4553 participants (mean age: 68.6 ± 11.2 years, 56% women) from the prospective Rotterdam Study, who filled out a questionnaire between April and July 2020, the time of the first COVID-19 wave in the Netherlands. Psychosocial health constructs included were depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale), anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), loneliness (University of California, Los Angeles loneliness scale), social connectedness (five items) and pandemic-related worry (five items). We estimated mixed graphical models to assess the network of items of these constructs and whether age and sex affected the network structure. RESULTS Within the network of psychosocial constructs, a higher depressive symptoms score was particularly associated with items of loneliness and social connectedness, whereas overall anxiety was particularly associated with items of pandemic-related worry. Between people from different sex and age, the network structure significantly altered. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that within the same network of psychosocial health constructs, depressive symptom score is particularly associated with loneliness and social connectedness, whereas anxiety symptom score is associated with pandemic-related worry during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Our results support that psychosocial constructs should be considered in conjunction with one another in prevention and treatment efforts in clinical care, and that these efforts need to be tailored to specific demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud de Feijter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Desana Kocevska
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa F. Blanken
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle F. van der Velpen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I. Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Meuser T, Cohen Konrad S, Robnett R, Brooks F. Telecollaboration in gerontology service learning: Addressing isolation & loneliness in a pandemic. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2022; 43:18-33. [PMID: 34348587 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2021.1956489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness present significant challenges for the mental and physical health of older adults. Social distancing, mask wearing, and other precautions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic add to these challenges. This article details a telecollaborative service-learning project to engage older adults online and provide applied experiences for students. From March through October 2020, 54 students from Social Work (Master, Bachelor), the College of Osteopathic Medicine (COM; DO), and Occupational Therapy (Master) provided telephone support and Zoom™ based programming for older adults affiliated with the University of New England. Creative offerings were piloted weekly and debriefed on Friday afternoons in the spring, leading to more structured 8-week schedules in summer and fall. Peer-to-peer support took place between older adults with experience in video meetings and those willing to learn. Bidirectional and intergenerational benefits were noted as older adults and students navigated the exigencies of the pandemic and learned important lessons with and from each other to advance knowledge and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meuser
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Health & School of Social Work
| | | | - Regula Robnett
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Health & Occupational Therapy Department
| | - Franklin Brooks
- School of Social Work, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Giacco D, Kirkbride JB, Ermakova AO, Webber M, Xanthopoulou P, Priebe S. Neighbourhood characteristics and social isolation of people with psychosis: a multi-site cross-sectional study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1907-1915. [PMID: 34791516 PMCID: PMC9375739 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with psychosis are vulnerable to social isolation, which is associated with worse clinical outcomes. In general populations, people living in areas with higher population density have more social contacts, while those living in more socially deprived and fragmented areas are less satisfied with their relationships. We assessed whether and how neighbourhood factors are associated with social contacts and satisfaction with friendships for people with psychosis. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study including people with psychosis aged 18-65 years in urban and rural sites in England. Population density and social deprivation and fragmentation indexes were described within Lower Level Super Output Areas (LSOA). Their associations with participants' social contacts and satisfaction with friendships were tested with negative binomial and ordinal regression models, respectively. RESULTS We surveyed 511 participants with psychotic disorders. They had a median of two social contacts in the previous week (interquartile range [IQR] = 1-4), and rated satisfaction with friendships as 5 out of 7 (Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life; IQR = 4-6). Higher population density was associated with fewer social contacts (Z-standardised relative risk [RR] = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.79-0.99, p = 0.03), but not with satisfaction with friendships (RR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.93-1.26, p = 0.31). No associations were found for social contacts or satisfaction with friendships with social deprivation or fragmentation indexes. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians in urban areas should be aware that their patients with psychosis are more socially isolated when more people live around them, and this could impact their clinical outcomes. These findings may inform housing programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Giacco
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, England.
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development), Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, E13 8SP, England.
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, England.
| | - James B Kirkbride
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7BN, England
| | - Anna O Ermakova
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development), Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, E13 8SP, England
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, England
| | - Martin Webber
- Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Penny Xanthopoulou
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX2 4TH, UK
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development), Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, E13 8SP, England
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Singh AG, Singhavi H, Sharin F, Lakdawala M, Mhatre S, Deodhar J, Chaturvedi P, Dikshit R. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Mental Health Status Prevailing among COVID-19 Patients in Mumbai, India. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:55-60. [PMID: 35368483 PMCID: PMC8971876 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_928_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim was to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression among less symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Methods A questionnaire-based assessment was conducted among asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients when admitted in a COVID-19 facility (T1) and after 6 months (T2). Interviews were conducted using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 instrument. Socio-demographic details and length of facility stay were recorded. Changes in scores between the two-time points T1 and T2 were compared. Factors predicting depression were determined using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test during facility stay, and those predicting worsening over time were obtained using multivariate regression models. Results Among the 91.4% (n = 450) participants, prevalence of depression was 38.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 34.0-43.0) with a significant increase of 7.8-fold (95% CI = 4.8-12.8) in depression as the duration of stay increased beyond a median of 5 days. A significant association was observed between higher income and lower depression (odds ratios = 0.6, P = 0.03). 84% (n = 378) responded at the second timepoint assessment after a median of 6.62 months (T2). There was a significant difference observed between the 2.6% (n = 6) that worsened into depression at T2 and the 73.8% (n = 107) that improved out of depression at T2 (P ≤ 0.001). Age >45 years (P = 0.007), males (P = 0.011) and reinfection (P = 0.039) significantly led to worsening of depression. Conclusion There is a need for actively detecting and managing depression in institutionally quarantined survivors, considering limiting such quarantine to no more than a week, and providing routine screening and care for depression beyond this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Gurmeet Singh
- Tata Memorial Centre and HBNI, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hitesh Singhavi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Fortis Hospital Mulund, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Florida Sharin
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muffazal Lakdawala
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Digestive Health Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharayu Mhatre
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology and HBNI, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayita Deodhar
- Tata Memorial Centre and HBNI, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Tata Memorial Centre and HBNI, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Dikshit
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology and HBNI, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Valiensi SM, Folgueira AL, Garay A. Early impact on sleep and mental health during the mandatory social isolation of COVID-19 outbreak: an obser vational cross-sectional study carried out in Argentina. Sleep Sci 2022; 15:41-48. [PMID: 35273746 PMCID: PMC8889986 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mandatory social isolation (MSI) due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in the world produced many changes in sleep and different areas of mental health. Objectives: To evaluate the early effects of MSI on sleep, anxiety, and depression in Argentina. Material and Methods An anonymous observational cross-sectional web-based study was distributed throughout the country and was completed by 2,594 respondents to analyze demographic information, quality of sleep, REM sleep-related events, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. Results The study revealed that 53, 21, 22, 23, and 16% of people surveyed were poor sleepers, had dream-related behaviors, nightmares, depression, and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed a positive correlation between anxiety, being a poor sleeper, and having nightmares. Conclusion We identified the early effects of MSI on sleep quality, dreaming activity, anxiety, and depression in Argentina during the COVID-19 outbreak. Our findings can be used to formulate sleep and psychological interventions to improve mental health during the pandemic and post-pandemic times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris Valiensi
- Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Neurology-Sleep Medicine - Ciudad de Buenos Aires - Please select an option below - Argentina
| | - Agustín L. Folgueira
- Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Neurology-Sleep Medicine - Ciudad de Buenos Aires - Please select an option below - Argentina
| | - Arturo Garay
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC), Neurology- Sleep Medicine – Ciudad de Buenos Aires – Please select an option below – Argentina
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Joseph CA, O’Shea BQ, Eastman MR, Finlay JM, Kobayashi LC. Physical isolation and mental health among older US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal findings from the COVID-19 Coping Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1273-1282. [PMID: 35244741 PMCID: PMC8895362 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the relationships between physical isolation at home during the period when many US states had shelter-in-place orders and subsequent longitudinal trajectories of depression, anxiety, and loneliness in older adults over a 6 month follow-up. METHODS Data were from monthly online questionnaires with US adults aged ≥ 55 in the nation-wide COVID-19 Coping Study (April through October 2020, N = 3978). Physical isolation was defined as not leaving home except for essential purposes (0, 1-3, 4-6, and 7 days in the past week), measured at baseline (April-May). Outcomes were depressive symptoms (8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), anxiety symptoms (5-item Beck Anxiety Inventory), and loneliness (3-item UCLA loneliness scale), measured monthly (April-October). Multivariable, population- and attrition-weighted linear mixed-effects models assessed the relationships between baseline physical isolation with mental health symptoms at baseline and over time. RESULTS Physical isolation (7 days versus 0 days in the past week) was associated with elevated depressive symptoms (adjusted β = 0.85; 95% CI 0.10-1.60), anxiety symptoms (adjusted β = 1.22; 95% CI 0.45-1.98), and loneliness (adjusted β = 1.06; 95% CI 0.51-1.61) at baseline, but not with meaningful rate of change in these mental health outcomes over time. The symptom burden of each mental health outcome increased with increasing past-week frequency of physical isolation. CONCLUSION During the early COVID-19 pandemic, physical isolation was associated with elevated depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and loneliness, which persisted over time. These findings highlight the unique and persistent mental health risks of physical isolation at home under pandemic control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Brendan Q. O’Shea
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Marisa R. Eastman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jessica M. Finlay
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Ashour LM. Levels and Predictors of COVID-19-Related Anxiety in Older Adults. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prolonged quarantine during the COVID-19 outbreak is a stressful factor.
AIM: This study aims to analyze the psycho-emotional state of Jordan’s older population during the Covid-19 pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study on 620 older adults (mean age, 66.4±5.3 years) was conducted in 2020 in Amman (Jordan). All respondents were asked to complete an online survey on coping strategies, a HUDS questionnaire, and a specially designed questionnaire.
RESULTS: The dominant predictors of stress were uncertainty (62%) and a fear other family members getting ill (60%). Of all the respondents, 15% agreed with the necessity to prolong the quarantine period, 47% had a neutral attitude, and 38% exhibited a negative attitude. High levels of anxiety in older population were associated with the lower use of humor (H=11.498, p≤0.002). On the other hand, such respondents demonstrated the higher use of planning (H=6.227, p≤0.039), venting (H=11.087, p≤0.004), avoidance (H=7.457, p≤0.019), and active coping (H=6.043, p≤0.037).
CONCLUSIONS: Most of Covid-19 cases are registered in healthcare institutions and for that reason, there is a need to provide psychiatric care to medical workers who do not have the necessary experience in this area. This may also require the state to promote psychiatric care training.
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Taylor BL, Nath S, Sokolova AY, Lewis G, Howard LM, Johnson S, Sweeney A. The relationship between social support in pregnancy and postnatal depression. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1435-1444. [PMID: 35451605 PMCID: PMC9246777 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lack of social support is considered a potential risk factor for postnatal depression but limited longitudinal evidence is available. Pregnancy, when women have increased contact with healthcare services, may be an opportune time to intervene and help strengthen women's social networks to prevent feelings of depression postnatally, particularly for those at greatest risk. Our study examined the longitudinal relationship between social support in pregnancy and postnatal depression, and whether this is moderated by age or relationship status. METHODS We analysed data collected from 525 women from a diverse inner-city maternity population in England who were interviewed in pregnancy and again three months postnatally. Women provided sociodemographic information and completed self-report measures of depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and social support (Social Provisions Scale). RESULTS Less social support in pregnancy was associated with postnatal depression, after adjusting for sociodemographic confounders and antenatal depression (Coef. = - 0.05; 95% CI - 0.10 to - 0.01; p = 0.02). There was weak evidence of a moderating effect of relationship status. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger relationship between social support in pregnancy and postnatal depression for women who were not living with a partner (Coef. = - 0.11; 95% CI - 0.21 to - 0.01; p = 0.03) than for those who were (Coef. = - 0.03; 95% CI - 0.09 to 0.02; p = 0.28). Sensitivity analysis using multiple imputations to account for missing data confirmed the main results. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that target social support in pregnancy have the potential to reduce depression postnatally. Future research should explore in greater detail which women would benefit most from which type of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie Lever Taylor
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
| | - Selina Nath
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Present Address: Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Antoaneta Y. Sokolova
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Lived Experience Advisory Group, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF UK
| | - Louise M. Howard
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF UK
| | - Angela Sweeney
- Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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Yang TC, Shoff C, Kim S. Social isolation, residential stability, and opioid use disorder among older Medicare beneficiaries: Metropolitan and non-metropolitan county comparison. Soc Sci Med 2022; 292:114605. [PMID: 34861571 PMCID: PMC8748391 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) may rise substantially as society ages, but this issue receives the least attention in the literature. To address this gap, this study utilizes county-level data from multiple data sources (1) to investigate whether social isolation is associated with OUD prevalence among older Medicare beneficiaries, (2) to examine whether and how residential stability moderates the association between social isolation and OUD prevalence in US counties, and (3) to determine if there are any differences in these associations between metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties. The results show that social isolation is a significant factor for county-level OUD prevalence, regardless of metropolitan status. In addition, counties with high residential stability have low prevalence of OUD among older adults and this association is stronger in metropolitan than in non-metropolitan counties. Nonetheless, high levels of residential stability reinforce the positive relationship between social isolation and OUD prevalence. As a result, when developing policies and interventions aimed at reducing OUD among older adults, place of residence must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Chuan Yang
- University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave., Arts & Sciences 351, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Carla Shoff
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244
| | - Seulki Kim
- University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave., Arts & Sciences 356, Albany, NY 12222
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Zhang D, Lim J, Zhou L, Dahl AA. Breaking the Data Value-Privacy Paradox in Mobile Mental Health Systems Through User-Centered Privacy Protection: A Web-Based Survey Study. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e31633. [PMID: 34951604 PMCID: PMC8742208 DOI: 10.2196/31633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile mental health systems (MMHS) have been increasingly developed and deployed in support of monitoring, management, and intervention with regard to patients with mental disorders. However, many of these systems rely on patient data collected by smartphones or other wearable devices to infer patients' mental status, which raises privacy concerns. Such a value-privacy paradox poses significant challenges to patients' adoption and use of MMHS; yet, there has been limited understanding of it. OBJECTIVE To address the significant literature gap, this research aims to investigate both the antecedents of patients' privacy concerns and the effects of privacy concerns on their continuous usage intention with regard to MMHS. METHODS Using a web-based survey, this research collected data from 170 participants with MMHS experience recruited from online mental health communities and a university community. The data analyses used both repeated analysis of variance and partial least squares regression. RESULTS The results showed that data type (P=.003), data stage (P<.001), privacy victimization experience (P=.01), and privacy awareness (P=.08) have positive effects on privacy concerns. Specifically, users report higher privacy concerns for social interaction data (P=.007) and self-reported data (P=.001) than for biometrics data; privacy concerns are higher for data transmission (P=.01) and data sharing (P<.001) than for data collection. Our results also reveal that privacy concerns have an effect on attitude toward privacy protection (P=.001), which in turn affects continuous usage intention with regard to MMHS. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the literature by deepening our understanding of the data value-privacy paradox in MMHS research. The findings offer practical guidelines for breaking the paradox through the design of user-centered and privacy-preserving MMHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsong Zhang
- The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Jaewan Lim
- The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Lina Zhou
- The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Alicia A Dahl
- The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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Lerbaek B, Jørgensen R, Buus N, Lauritsen MB, Aagaard J, Nordgaard J, McCloughen A. "Modifying" or "Retreating"- Self-management of physical health among a group of people with schizophrenia. An ethnographic study from Denmark. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:1575-1587. [PMID: 34263516 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this ethnographic study was to explore how a group of nine Danish people with schizophrenia managed physical health issues as they naturally occurred in everyday life. Qualitative methods were used to generate of data. Thematic analysis led to the description of two typical strategies used by participants to manage debilitating physical health issues in everyday life. Modifying everyday life to manage discomfort was a strategy employed to manage potential or actual discomfort associated with ongoing poor physical health, while retreating from everyday life to recover was a strategy used by participants who experienced recurring discrete episodes of poor physical health characterized by fast deterioration. Both management strategies were inexpedient as they failed to produce any positive progress in terms of the participants regaining health. The social context of participants' everyday life was characterized by a lack of interactions with others about their prevailing and ongoing physical health issues. Repeated use of these inexpedient strategies to manage physical health caused potential worsening rather than improvements to physical health. There is a need for future research that explores aspects of beneficial management of physical health issues among people with severe mental illness. Relevant foci of such research include enhancing self-management of physical health, active help-seeking behaviours, and opportunities to engage in interactions with others about physical health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Lerbaek
- Clinic for Internal and Emergency Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinic Psychiatry South, Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Jørgensen
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Buus
- Relationships Australia NSW, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Syddanmark, Denmark.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marlene Briciet Lauritsen
- Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Julie Nordgaard
- Mental Health Center Amager, Copenhagen, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea McCloughen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Faustino B, Vasco AB, Delgado J, Farinha-Fernandes A, Guerreiro JC, Matos M. COVID-19 Inventory and Mental Health: Preliminary Analysis. Am J Psychother 2021; 74:178-182. [PMID: 34455854 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a set of drastic worldwide changes to and restrictions on daily life. Despite predictions of the harmful impacts of the pandemic on mental health, empirical data are lacking. This study sought to examine the relationship between individuals' perceptions about COVID-19 and scores on mental health indexes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 183 individuals answered self-report questionnaires. A new inventory based on the health belief model (HBM) developed in Portugal was explored with a factor analysis, which revealed two significant factors: COVID-19 anxiety and perceived severity of the disease. RESULTS Results showed that anxiety about COVID-19 was positively correlated with psychological distress, somatization, and paranoid ideation and was negatively correlated with psychological well-being. COVID-19 anxiety mediated the relationship between symptomatology and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Perceptions about COVID-19 seem to play pivotal roles in mental health. These results may inform interventions focused on reducing psychological distress and symptomatology and on increasing psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - António Branco Vasco
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - João Delgado
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - António Farinha-Fernandes
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - José Carlos Guerreiro
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - Marta Matos
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
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AI chatbots cannot replace human interactions in the pursuit of more inclusive mental healthcare. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Walsh K, Furey WJ, Malhi N. Narrative review: COVID-19 and pediatric anxiety. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:421-426. [PMID: 34741840 PMCID: PMC8525876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought focus to the effects of anxiety on children. This study aimed to review the existing literature regarding the impact of the pandemic on pediatric anxiety. This review analyzed the existing literature between the open-sourced collection on PubMed inputting "anxiety disorder in children during pandemic" and "pediatric anxiety OR child anxiety AND COVID" and that of the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry using the keywords "social anxiety AND COVID." This yielded 149 + 312 (461) entries and 68 articles were selected. Anxiety was found to have a prevalence of 18.9-23.87% in children during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas adolescent populations demonstrated a prevalence of 15.4-39.9%. Female gender was the most studied risk factor and physical activity was the most documented preventative factor. This review supported the notion that the COVID-19 pandemic is a major contributor to anxiety in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Walsh
- ChristianaCare Department of Behavioral Health, 501 W 14th Street, Suite 1E40, Wilmington, DE, 19801, United States.
| | | | - Narpinder Malhi
- ChristianaCare Department of Behavioral Health, 501 W 14th Street, Suite 1E40, Wilmington, DE, 19801, United States.
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Genis-Mendoza AD, Martínez-Magaña JJ, López-Narváez ML, González-Castro TB, Juárez-Rojop IE, Nicolini H, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Castillo-Avila RG. Mental Health Problems Due to Social Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Mexican Population. Front Public Health 2021; 9:703450. [PMID: 34888275 PMCID: PMC8649920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.703450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been identified as a risk factor of several mental disorders. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the effect of social isolation experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of a Mexican population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in individuals of 18 years of age and over. The questioner was structured to identify onset or worsening of psychiatric symptoms due to social isolation by COVID-19. The survey included changes in eating habits, changes in personal hygiene habits, the starting the use or increased the use of psychoactive substances, symptoms of depression or post-traumatic stress. Results: A total of 1,011 individuals were included in the analysis. The majority were women (68.84%). Changes in eating habits were reported in 38.51% of the participants, 67.80% reported having their physical self-perception distorted or having started a low-calorie diet. Regarding symptoms of depression, 46.10% participants indicated to have at least one depressive symptom, and 4.46% reported suicidal ideation during social isolation. Interestingly, 6.09% of individuals reported that they used to have depressive symptoms prior the COVID-19 pandemic and those symptoms decreased due to social isolation. Additionally, 2.27% of individuals presented symptoms of post-traumatic stress due to the possibility of getting COVID-19. Conclusions: In this work we identified how social isolation has impacted the mental health of the Mexican population. We observed that practically all the symptoms evaluated were affected during isolation, such as personal hygiene and eating habits. Depression and suicidal ideation were the ones that increased the most in the general population, while in individuals who had symptoms of depression before isolation, these symptoms decreased during social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil “Juan N. Navarro”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Mexico
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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McGowan IW, Fisher N, Havens J, Proudlock S. An evaluation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy delivered remotely during the Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:560. [PMID: 34763697 PMCID: PMC8581955 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to having a negative impact on the physical and emotional health of the population, the global Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated psychotherapists moving their practice to online environments. This service evaluation examines the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy delivered via the internet. METHODS A real-world service evaluation was conducted from a self-selecting group of EMDR therapists that subscribe to either a JISCMail discussion list or either the UK or All Ireland National EMDR Associations. Author designed questionnaires were used to gather information on the efficacy of EMDR delivered online as well as client and therapist characteristics. RESULTS Thirty-three therapists provided efficacy data on a total of 93 patients. Statistically significant and clinically meaningful reductions were found in all four-psychometrics used both in adult and children and young people populations. Client outcome was not related to therapist experience. CONCLUSIONS EMDR delivered via the internet can be an effective treatment for clients experiencing mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain W. McGowan
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Naomi Fisher
- Clinical Psychologist, Private Therapy Practice, Hove, UK
| | - Justin Havens
- Dr. Justin Havens Psychological Therapy, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Simon Proudlock
- Counselling Psychology Solutions, Stratfield Saye, Reading, UK
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124
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Caffo E, Asta L, Scandroglio F. Predictors of mental health worsening among children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:624-630. [PMID: 34494973 PMCID: PMC8500206 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Restrictions put in place to contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have significantly affected the lives of children and adolescents worldwide. School closure, home confinement and social distancing have the potential to negatively impact the mental health of this population. Several risk factors seem to contribute to worsening mental health of children and adolescents, with an increase of anxiety and depression symptoms. This review aims at exploring research available on risk factors that may worsen the mental health among children and adolescents during the pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS Some of these predictors in worsening the effects are social isolation, screen time and excessive social media use, parental stress and poor parent-child relationship, low socioeconomic status, preexisting mental health conditions and/or disabilities. SUMMARY Further research is needed in order to understand mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as risk factors associated with negative consequences. New findings will help in targeting evidence-based interventions to prevent and mitigate the negative effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Caffo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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125
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Ma Y, Liang C, Yang X, Zhang H, Zhao S, Lu L. The Effect of Social Media Use on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults with Self-Reported Hearing Impairment: An Empirical Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1403. [PMID: 34828450 PMCID: PMC8625068 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Older people with hearing impairment are more likely to develop depressive symptoms due to physical disability and loss of social communication. This study investigated the effects of social media on social relations, subjective aging, and depressive symptoms in these older adults based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework. It provides new empirical evidence to support improving the mental health and rebuilding the social relations of older people. A formal questionnaire was designed using the Wenjuanxing platform and distributed online through WeChat; 643 valid questionnaires were received from older people with self-reported hearing impairments, and SmartPLS 3.28 was used to analyze the data. The results show that (1) social media significantly impacts the social relations of older people with hearing impairment (social networks, β = 0.132, T = 3.444; social support, β = 0.129, T = 2.95; social isolation, β = 0.107, T = 2.505). (2) For these older people, social isolation has the biggest impact on their psychosocial loss (β = 0.456, T = 10.458), followed by the impact of social support (β = 0.103, T = 2.014); a hypothesis about social network size was not confirmed (β = 0.007, T = 0.182). Both social media (β = 0.096, T = 2.249) and social support (β = 0.174, T = 4.434) significantly affect the self-efficacy of hearing-impaired older people. (3) Both subjective aging (psychosocial loss, β = 0.260, T = 6.036; self-efficacy, β = 0.106, T = 3.15) and social isolation (β = 0.268, T = 6.307) significantly affect depressive symptoms in older people with hearing impairment. This study expands the theories of social media aging cognition, social support, and social networks and can provide practical contributions to the social media use and mental health of special persons 60 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Changyong Liang
- The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xuejie Yang
- The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Haitao Zhang
- The School of Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Shuping Zhao
- The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Liyan Lu
- The School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (Y.M.); (X.Y.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
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Horikoshi N, Maeda M, Harigane M, Iwasa H, Murakami M, Momoi M, Goto S, Yasumura S. Vulnerability of Evacuees Having No One to Consult after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910075. [PMID: 34639377 PMCID: PMC8508194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
After the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011, caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, some evacuees had no one to consult despite many local care providers offering assistance. This study identified the characteristics of individuals who did not receive consultations and the relevant determinants, and proposed the available measures to address this issue. Altogether, 32,699 participants aged 16 years or older and residing in the disaster area at Fukushima were surveyed. Those with no one to consult showed a significantly higher prevalence of psychological distress (16.2%, p < 0.001) and drinking problems (21.5%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that these behaviors were associated with the middle age group (i.e., 40–64 years old) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.46), men (OR = 2.46; 95% CI, 2.27–2.66), bad financial circumstances (OR = 2.11; 95% CI, 1.96–2.27), and living alone (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.39–1.68). This research verifies that people with such characteristics were more likely to be isolated and vulnerable to psychiatric problems, such as depression. We suggest that it is integral for local care providers to recognize those who have no one to consult and provide targeted support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Horikoshi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-24-581-5365
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hajime Iwasa
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Michio Murakami
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Maho Momoi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Saori Goto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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127
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Cheng X, Cosco TD, Ariyo T. Decreasing Social Isolation to Enhance Mental Health among Older Adults in China: A Mediation Analysis of Aging Attitude. Front Psychol 2021; 12:735740. [PMID: 34630248 PMCID: PMC8499704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature has examined the relationship between social isolation and mental health in older adults. However, only a few studies have examined the mediating effects of aging attitudes on this relationship. This study investigated the impact of objective isolation (family isolation, friend isolation, and community isolation), and subjective social isolation (perceived isolation) on the mental health of Chinese older adults, and the mediating effect of aging attitudes. Mental health was assessed through depressive symptoms, using the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The research sample comprising 7,024 elderly adults (60 years old), was obtained from the nationally representative 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. The regression analysis indicated that objective social isolation and subjective social isolation are independently related to mental health among older adults. Furthermore, in the mediation analysis, aging attitude was found to play a significant mediating role between social isolation and mental health. Our study concludes that though, objective and subjective social isolation are issues affecting mental health in older people, however, aging attitude also needs to be factored in that relationship as we have shown that there is a significant mediating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Cheng
- School of Economics and Management, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, China
| | - Theodore D. Cosco
- Department of Gerontology, Gerontology Research Center, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tolulope Ariyo
- Institute for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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128
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Magis‐Weinberg L, Gys CL, Berger EL, Domoff SE, Dahl RE. Positive and Negative Online Experiences and Loneliness in Peruvian Adolescents During the COVID-19 Lockdown. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:717-733. [PMID: 34448303 PMCID: PMC8646854 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Global COVID-19 lockdowns have disrupted adolescents' in-person social networks, increasing likelihood of loneliness. Social media can help adolescents maintain and develop peer relationships across distance. In this short longitudinal study with 735 Peruvian adolescents (ages: 11-17) from low-to-middle-income urban settings, we investigated whether online experiences relate to loneliness during initial stages of lockdown. Loneliness remained constant between week 6 and 11 of lockdown, was higher for females and similar across school-grades. Positive and negative online experiences were more frequent for older students, and females experienced more negative online experiences than males. Greater positive online experiences related to lower loneliness, with the reverse pattern for negative online experiences. Our results suggest that positive online experiences may mitigate loneliness during physical isolation.
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129
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Ma R, Wang J, Lloyd-Evans B, Marston L, Johnson S. Trajectories of loneliness and objective social isolation and associations between persistent loneliness and self-reported personal recovery in a cohort of secondary mental health service users in the UK. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:421. [PMID: 34425767 PMCID: PMC8381487 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is a frequent and distressing experience among people with mental health problems. However, few longitudinal studies have so far investigated the trajectories of loneliness and objective social isolation, and the extent to which both issues may impact mental health outcomes among mental health service users. Therefore, this study aims to describe the trajectories of loneliness and objective social isolation and their associations with self-rated personal recovery among people leaving crisis resolution teams (CRTs). METHODS A total of 224 participants receiving care from CRTs (recruited for a large multi-site randomised controlled trial) were included in this longitudinal cohort study. They completed the eight-item University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), Lubben-Social Network Scale (LNSN-6), and the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) (primary outcome) at baseline, 4- and 18-month follow-up, as well as baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS We compared groups who were persistently lonely (at all time points), intermittently lonely (at one or two time points) and never lonely. After adjusting for all potential confounders and baseline predictive variables, persistent severe loneliness was associated with worse personal recovery at 18-month follow-up compared with the never lonely (reference group) (coef. = - 12.8, 95% CI -11.8, - 3.8, p < .001), as was being intermittently lonely (coef. = - 7.8, 95% CI -18.8, - 6.8, p < .001). The persistently objectively social isolated group (coef. = - 9.8, 95% CI -15.7, - 3.8, p = .001) also had poorer self-rated recovery at 18-month follow-up than those who were not socially isolated at any timepoint (i.e., reference category). CONCLUSION Results suggest that both persistent loneliness and objective social isolation are associated with poorer self-rated recovery following a crisis, compatible with a causal relationship. These findings suggest a potential role for interventions aimed at alleviating loneliness and objective social isolation in improving recovery outcomes for people with mental health symptoms. Increased awareness of both issues among health practitioners is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Ma
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF England ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK SE5 8AB
| | - Jingyi Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF England
| | - Louise Marston
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, England. .,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, 4 St Pancras Way, London, NW1 0PE, England.
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130
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Svane J, Lynge TH, Hansen CJ, Risgaard B, Winkel BG, Tfelt-Hansen J. Witnessed and unwitnessed sudden cardiac death: a nationwide study of persons aged 1-35 years. Europace 2021; 23:898-906. [PMID: 33595080 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to compare clinical characteristics and causes of death among witnessed and unwitnessed sudden cardiac death (SCD) cases aged 1-35 years. METHODS AND RESULTS In this retrospective nationwide study, all deaths in persons aged 1-35 years in Denmark during 2000-09 were included (23.7 million person-years). Using the in-depth descriptive Danish death certificates and Danish nationwide registries, 860 cases of sudden, unexpected death were identified. Through review of autopsy reports and register data, we identified 635 cases of SCD of which 266 (42%) were witnessed and 326 (51%) were unwitnessed. In 43 cases (7%), witnessed status was missing. Clinical characteristics were overall similar between the two groups. We found a male predominance among unwitnessed SCD compared to witnessed SCD (71% and 62%, respectively, P-value 0.012), as well as more psychiatric comorbidity (20% and 13%, respectively, P-value 0.029). Unwitnessed SCD more often occurred during sleep whereas witnessed SCD more often occurred while the individual was awake and relaxed (P-value < 0.001). The autopsy rate among all SCD cases was 70% with no significant difference in autopsy rate between the two groups. Sudden unexplained death, which was the leading autopsy conclusion in both groups, was more frequent among unwitnessed SCD (P-value 0.001). CONCLUSION Several clinical characteristics and autopsy findings were similar between witnessed and unwitnessed SCD cases. Our data support the inclusion of both witnessed and unwitnessed cases in epidemiological studies of SCD cases aged 1-35 years, although the risk of misclassification is higher among unwitnessed and non-autopsied cases of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Svane
- The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Section 2142, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hadberg Lynge
- The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Section 2142, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Johann Hansen
- The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Section 2142, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Risgaard
- The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Section 2142, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Gregers Winkel
- The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Section 2142, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Section 2142, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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131
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Tortello C, Folgueira A, Nicolas M, Cuiuli JM, Cairoli G, Crippa V, Barbarito M, Abulafia C, Golombek DA, Vigo DE, Plano SA. Coping with Antarctic demands: Psychological implications of isolation and confinement. Stress Health 2021; 37:431-441. [PMID: 33166090 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Working in extreme environments requires a wide range of cognitive, psychological and social competences. Antarctica represents one of the most challenging habitats to work in due to its aridity, extremely cold weather, and isolated conditions. This study aimed to assess mood variations and coping strategies, as well as their possible modulation by group dynamics in a crew at the Belgrano II Argentine Antarctic Station throughout 1 year of confinement. Thirteen members of the Argentine Army completed emotional, coping and social dynamics questionnaires bimonthly in March, May, July, September and November. Results showed a significant decline in social dynamics scales, evidenced by decreases in perceived peer and hierarchical support. Additionally, coping strategies displayed a drop in mature defence throughout the expedition. A positive correlation was found between social support and recovery from stress. Our results highlight the importance of interpersonal relationships in psychological adjustment to isolation and extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Tortello
- Chronobiology Lab, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Folgueira
- Neurology Department, Central Military Hospital, Argentine Army, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michel Nicolas
- Laboratory Psy-DREPI (EA 7458), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Juan Manuel Cuiuli
- Argentine Joint Antarctic Command, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Cairoli
- Argentine Joint Antarctic Command, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Argentine Joint Antarctic Command, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carolina Abulafia
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Movement Disorders Unit, Raul Carrea Institute of Neurological Research, Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Andrés Golombek
- Chronobiology Lab, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Eduardo Vigo
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Santiago Andrés Plano
- Chronobiology Lab, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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132
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Antonelli-Salgado T, Monteiro GMC, Marcon G, Roza TH, Zimerman A, Hoffmann MS, Cao B, Hauck S, Brunoni AR, Passos IC. Loneliness, but not social distancing, is associated with the incidence of suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 outbreak: a longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:52-60. [PMID: 33991946 PMCID: PMC9754761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although social distancing is necessary to decrease COVID-19 dissemination, it might also be associated with suicidal ideation. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of social distancing and loneliness in suicidal ideation. METHODS We performed two waves of a snowball sample, web-based survey in Brazil (W1: from May 6th to June 6th, 2020; W2: from June 6th to July 6th, 2020). We assessed whether risk factors related to social relationships (loneliness, living alone, not leaving home, and the number of days practicing social distancing) at W1 were associated with suicidal ideation at W1 and W2 using multiple regression models. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, mental health, and lifestyle variables. RESULTS A total of 1,674 (18-75 years old; 86.5% females) were included in our longitudinal sample. Living alone (OR: 1.16; 95%CI = 1.03 - 1.30; p=0.015), number of days practicing social distancing (OR: 1.002; 95%CI = 1.000 - 1.004; p=0.027), and loneliness (OR: 1.49; 95%CI = 1.32 - 1.68; p<0.001) were associated with suicidal ideation in the cross-sectional analysis of W1. Only loneliness (OR= 2.12; 95%CI = 1.06 - 4.24; p = 0.033) remained significant as a risk factor to suicidal ideation in the longitudinal analysis between both waves. LIMITATION Snowball, convenience sample design limits outcome estimates. Assessments were not objectively performed. CONCLUSION Loneliness was consistently associated with the incidence of suicidal ideation, while other variables, such as living alone, not leaving home, and the number of days practicing social distancing, were not. Measures to overcome loneliness are therefore necessary to reduce suicidal ideation during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago Antonelli-Salgado
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Massaro Carneiro Monteiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Marcon
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Roza
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Zimerman
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Psychology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Scopel Hoffmann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, building 26, office 1446, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil,Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE United Kingdom
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Simone Hauck
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Psychodynamic Psychiatry Research Lab, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Russowsky Brunoni
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) and Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Perkins R, Mason-Bertrand A, Tymoszuk U, Spiro N, Gee K, Williamon A. Arts engagement supports social connectedness in adulthood: findings from the HEartS Survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1208. [PMID: 34162360 PMCID: PMC8221987 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loneliness is a public health challenge, associated with premature mortality and poorer health outcomes. Social connections can mitigate against loneliness, and there is evidence that the arts can support social connectedness. However, existing research on the arts and social connectedness is limited by focus on particular age groups and arts activities, as well as a reliance on typically small-scale studies. Methods This study reports survey data from 5892 adults in the United Kingdom, closely matched to the national profile in terms of sociodemographic and economic characteristics. It investigates the extent to which arts engagement is perceived to be linked with feelings of social connectedness, which forms of arts engagement are reported as most connecting, and how. Data were collected via the HEartS Survey, a newly designed tool to capture arts engagement in the United Kingdom and its associations with social and mental health outcomes. Demographic and quantitative data, pertaining to the extent to which arts engagement is perceived to be linked with social connectedness, were analysed descriptively. Qualitative data pertaining to respondents’ perceptions of how arts engagement is linked with feelings of social connectedness were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Results demonstrated that the majority of respondents (82%) perceive their arts engagement to be linked with feelings of social connectedness at least some of the time. The forms of arts engagement most linked with feelings of social connectedness were attending a live music performance, watching a live theatre performance, and watching a film or drama at the cinema or other venue. Four overarching themes characterise how arts engagement is perceived to facilitate feelings of social connectedness: social opportunities, sharing, commonality and belonging, and collective understanding. Conclusions The findings suggest that arts engagement can support social connectedness among adults in the UK through multiple pathways, providing large-scale evidence of the important role that the arts can play in supporting social public health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11233-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Perkins
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adele Mason-Bertrand
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Urszula Tymoszuk
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neta Spiro
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Gee
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London, UK
| | - Aaron Williamon
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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134
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Grabowski J, Stepien J, Waszak P, Michalski T, Meloni R, Grabkowska M, Macul A, Rojek J, Lorettu L, Sagan I, Bidzan L. Social Isolation During COVID-19 Pandemic. Perceived Stress and Containment Measures Compliance Among Polish and Italian Residents. Front Psychol 2021; 12:673514. [PMID: 34122269 PMCID: PMC8194265 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we analyze the association of social isolation in the first phase of the pandemic with perceived stress among residents of Poland and Italy with a look at how these populations adjust to and comply with implemented regulations, guidelines, and restrictions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Internet survey with Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and questions regarding mobility patterns, attitude, and propensity to adjust toward the implemented measures and current health condition was made among Polish and Italian residents (Cronbach's alpha 0.86 and 0.79, respectively). The sample size was 7,108 (6,169 completed questionnaires in Poland and 939 in Italy). RESULTS The Polish group had a higher stress level than the Italian group (mean PSS-10 total score 22,14 vs 17,01, respectively; p < 0.01). There was a greater prevalence of chronic diseases among Polish respondents. Italian subjects expressed more concern about their health, as well as about their future employment. Italian subjects did not comply with suggested restrictions as much as Polish subjects and were less eager to restrain from their usual activities (social, physical, and religious), which were more often perceived as "most needed matters" in Italian than in Polish residents. CONCLUSION Higher activity level was found to be correlated with lower perceived stress, but the causality is unclear. Difference in adherence to restrictions between Polish and Italian residents suggests that introducing similar lockdown policies worldwide may not be as beneficial as expected. However, due to the applied method of convenience sampling and uneven study groups, one should be careful with generalizing these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Grabowski
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Stepien
- Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Waszak
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Michalski
- Department of Regional Development, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Maja Grabkowska
- Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Macul
- Adult Psychiatry Scientific Circle, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Rojek
- Adult Psychiatry Scientific Circle, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Liliana Lorettu
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Iwona Sagan
- Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Leszek Bidzan
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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135
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Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Burnout in Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparing Mental Health Professionals and Other Healthcare Workers. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060635. [PMID: 34071970 PMCID: PMC8229458 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychological impact of the pandemic on healthcare workers has been assessed worldwide, but there are limited data on how mental health professionals (MHPs) have been affected. Thus, this paper aims to investigate anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and burnout in a sample of MHPs. We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study on 167 participants: 56 MHPs, 57 physicians working closely with COVID-19 patients, and 54 physicians not working closely with such patients. MHPs reported good overall mental health. Most MHPs reported no post-traumatic stress, and their scores were significantly lower compared to HPs working closely with COVID-19 patients. MHPs' hyperarousal scores were also significantly lower compared to HPs working closely with COVID-19 patients, while their intrusion scores were statistically significantly lower than those of all other professionals. Multivariable logistic regressions showed that MHPs had lower odds of exhibiting state anxiety and low personal accomplishment compared to HPs not working closely with COVID-19 patients. In sum, MHPs seem to show almost preserved mental health. Thus, given the high mental healthcare demand during a pandemic, it would be useful to rely on these professionals, especially for structuring interventions to improve and support the mental health of the general population and other healthcare workers.
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Taylor BL, Howard LM, Jackson K, Johnson S, Mantovani N, Nath S, Sokolova AY, Sweeney A. Mums Alone: Exploring the Role of Isolation and Loneliness in the Narratives of Women Diagnosed with Perinatal Depression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112271. [PMID: 34073903 PMCID: PMC8197355 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explore the role that isolation and loneliness play in the narratives of women diagnosed with perinatal depression. Isolation and loneliness are increasingly seen as risk factors for depression, including in the perinatal period, but little is known about whether, and in what ways, women themselves associate isolation or loneliness with perinatal distress. Based on the thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with fourteen mothers in England, we found that women often connected feelings of depression during and after pregnancy to feeling dislocated from their previous identities and relationships. Women felt lost, confined to their homes, and often unsupported by their partners and families. However, fears of being judged to be inadequate mothers made it difficult for women to make authentic connections with others or to express negative feelings, increasing isolation and depression. We drew on the intersectionality theory to illustrate how the intersect between motherhood and other aspects of women's identities (being young, single, deprived and/or from an ethnic minority) could leave some women particularly isolated and marginalised. Our conclusions emphasise the need to challenge social constructions of the good/bad mother, advocate for social change to lessen pressures on mothers, and develop support that addresses women's interpersonal contexts and social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie Lever Taylor
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, UK;
- Correspondence: (B.L.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Louise M. Howard
- Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; (L.M.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Katherine Jackson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle NE2 4AX, UK;
| | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, UK;
| | - Nadia Mantovani
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK;
| | - Selina Nath
- Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; (L.M.H.); (S.N.)
- Population, Policy and Practice Research & Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Antoaneta Y. Sokolova
- Lived Experience Advisory Group, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, UK;
| | - Angela Sweeney
- Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; (L.M.H.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.T.); (A.S.)
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137
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Gazmararian J, Weingart R, Campbell K, Cronin T, Ashta J. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Students From 2 Semi-Rural High Schools in Georgia. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:356-369. [PMID: 33843084 PMCID: PMC8250377 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns have been raised about the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adolescents during an important developmental and social period in their lives. This study examines the mental health impact of the pandemic on high school students shortly after closure of public schools in spring 2020, and whether this impact varies by sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and grade level. METHODS A cross-sectional, one-time online survey was completed by racial/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse students in 9th through 12th grade at 2 semi-rural Georgia public high schools (N = 761). RESULTS Overall, almost one-fourth of high school students were extremely or very worried about the pandemic, with higher rates of worry among students who are racial/ethnic minorities, lower SES, female and in older grades. Results indicated a concerning impact on the stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness that students are feeling, particularly among girls and those in older grades. Students of color and low SES, who are already disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, are also more likely to experience mental health challenges. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight important demographic differences of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of high school students and have implications for schools with addressing these needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gazmararian
- Professor, , Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322., USA
| | - Rachel Weingart
- Graduate Student, , Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322., USA
| | - Katherine Campbell
- Doctoral Student, , Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322., USA
| | - Thomas Cronin
- Summer Intern, , Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322., USA
| | - Jasleen Ashta
- Graduate Student, , Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322., USA
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Koyama Y, Nawa N, Yamaoka Y, Nishimura H, Sonoda S, Kuramochi J, Miyazaki Y, Fujiwara T. Interplay between social isolation and loneliness and chronic systemic inflammation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: Results from U-CORONA study. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:51-59. [PMID: 33705870 PMCID: PMC7939973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, billions of people were forced to stay at home due to the implementation of social distancing and lockdown policies. As a result, individuals lost their social relationships, leading to social isolation and loneliness. Both social isolation and loneliness are major risk factors for poor physical and mental health status through enhanced chronic inflammation; however, there might be an interplay between social isolation and loneliness on the association with chronic inflammation. We aimed to clarify the link between social relationships and inflammation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by distinguishing whether social isolation only, loneliness only, or both were associated with chronic inflammation markers among community-dwelling adults. The data of 624 people (aged 18-92 years, mean 51.4) from the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seROprevalence Neighborhood Association (U-CORONA) study, which targeted randomly sampled households in Utsunomiya city, Japan, were analyzed. Social isolation was assessed as a structural social network by asking the number of social roles they have on a daily basis. Loneliness was measured with the UCLA loneliness scale. As chronic inflammation biomarkers, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Generalized estimating equations method was employed to take into account the correlations within households. Isolated-Lonely condition (i.e., being both socially isolated and feeling lonely) was associated with higher NLR among men (B = 0.141, 95%CI = -0.01 to 0.29). Interestingly, Nonisolated-Lonely condition (i.e., not socially isolated but feeling lonely) was associated with lower CRP among women (B = -0.462, 95%CI = -0.82 to -0.10) and among the working-age population (B = -0.495, 95%CI = -0.76 to -0.23). In conclusion, being both socially isolated and feeling lonely was associated with chronic inflammation. Assessing both social isolation and loneliness is critical for proper interventions to mitigate the impact of poor social relationships on health, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Koyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Yamaoka
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Nishimura
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Sonoda
- Kuramochi Clinic Interpark, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jin Kuramochi
- Kuramochi Clinic Interpark, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
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139
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Davidsen AH, Petersen MS. The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Mental Well-Being and Working Life among Faroese Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4775. [PMID: 33947133 PMCID: PMC8125278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The societal changes caused by COVID-19 have been far-reaching, causing challenges for employees around the world. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 restrictions on mental well-being, working life, family life and social life among Faroese employees within a broad range of professions. A total of 1328 Faroese employees answered an anonymous self-report survey from 13 April to 4 May 2020. Employee mental well-being was only modestly affected by the restrictions and the respondents had a mean score of 50.7 on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale where a score between 41-44 is found to correspond with possible depression. Work commitment, work and family life, work satisfaction and work ability were all rated significantly worse after the COVID-19 outbreak than before (all p values < 0.005). Contrary to previous research, employees in health services assessed their work ability significantly higher than employees in teaching, and child and youth care (p < 0.05). Working parents had higher levels of stress and assessed their work ability significantly lower than employees without children (p < 0.05), and women tended to be more worried than men because of the pandemic. In conclusion, the overall mental well-being of Faroese employees was on an average level during lock-down in April and May 2020. Their working life seemed, however, to be worse than usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika H. Davidsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, 100 Torshavn, Faroe Islands;
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140
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Anakwe A, Majee W, Noel-London K, Zachary I, BeLue R. Sink or Swim: Virtual Life Challenges among African American Families during COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084290. [PMID: 33919524 PMCID: PMC8073619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study explores African American parents’ experiences with using technology to engage their children in meaningful activities (e.g., e-learning) during COVID-19 and its impact on family health. Eleven African American families were recruited through a local health department program from a rural Midwestern community to participate in semi-structured interviews. Majority of participants reported stresses from feelings of “sink or swim” in a digital world, without supports from schools to effectively provide for their children’s technology needs. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of family-school collaborative engagement and empowerment. Digital technology needs to become part of our school education system so that technology use among African Americans is elevated and families protected against future outbreaks. Further research with a more diverse African American sample is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaobi Anakwe
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Wilson Majee
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of the Western Cape, Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Kemba Noel-London
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (K.N.-L); (R.B.)
| | - Iris Zachary
- Health Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Rhonda BeLue
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (K.N.-L); (R.B.)
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141
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Rine CM, LaBarre C. Research, Practice, and Policy Strategies to Eradicate Social Isolation. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2021; 45:221-224. [PMID: 33346354 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Rine
- associate professor, Social Work Department, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, 235 Scotland Road, Hendricks Hall G-37, Edinboro, PA 16444
| | - Charles LaBarre
- PhD student, School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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142
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Grigsby TJ, Howard JT, Deason RG, Haskard-Zolnierek KB, Howard K. Correlates of COVID-19 pandemic-related increases in sleep aid and anti-anxiety medication use. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1892221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Grigsby
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Howard
- Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca G. Deason
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | | | - Krista Howard
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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143
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Buhagiar K, Priebe S, Klingemann J, Lasalvia A, Nicaise P, Soltmann B, Giacco D. Social contacts, friends and satisfaction with friendships in patients with psychotic, mood and neurotic disorders 1 year after hospitalisation: data from five European countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:363-373. [PMID: 32627062 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe mental illness often struggle with social relationships, but differences among diagnostic groups are unclear. We assessed and compared objective and subjective social relationship indicators among patients with psychotic, mood and neurotic disorders one year after hospitalisation in five European countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and United Kingdom). METHODS The number of social contacts, including family members and friends during the previous week (Social Network Schedule), and satisfaction with the number and quality of friendships (Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life Quality) were assessed by face-to-face interview. Linear regression models were used to analyse associations with diagnostic groups. RESULTS Participants (n = 2155) reported on average 2.79 ± 2.37 social contacts overall in the previous week, among whom, a mean of 1.65 ± 1.83 (59.2 ± 38.7%) were friends. Satisfaction with friendships was moderate (mean 4.62, SD 1.77). In the univariable model, patients with psychotic disorders reported having less social contact with friends than those with either mood (p < 0.05) or neurotic disorders (p < 0.001), but this difference disappeared when adjusting for socioeconomic and clinical variables (β = - 0.106, 95% CI - 0.273 to 0.061, p = 0.215). Satisfaction with friendships was similar across diagnostic groups in both univariable (β = - 0.066, 95% CI - 0.222 to 0.090, p = 0.408) and multivariable models (β = 0.067, 95% CI - 0.096 to 0.229, p = 0.421). The two indicators showed a weak correlation in the total sample (total social contacts, rs = 0.266; p < 0.001; friends, rs = 0.326, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION While objective and subjective social relationship indicators appear to be weakly correlated concepts, there is no variation in either indicator across diagnostic groups when confounders are taken into account among patients with severe mental illness. Interventions specifically targeting social relationships are needed, but they do not necessitate diagnosis-specific adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Buhagiar
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. .,Department of Research, Innovation and Medical Education, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Justyna Klingemann
- Department of Studies on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pablo Nicaise
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bettina Soltmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Domenico Giacco
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Research, Innovation and Medical Education, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Warwick Medical School - Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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144
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Sato K, Sakata R, Murayama C, Yamaguchi M, Matsuoka Y, Kondo N. Changes in work and life patterns associated with depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study of health app ( CALO mama) users. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:632-637. [PMID: 33619124 PMCID: PMC7907629 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people refrained from going out, started working from home (WFH), and suspended work or lost their jobs. This study examines how such pandemic-related changes in work and life patterns were associated with depressive symptoms. Methods An online survey among participants who use a health app called CALO mama was conducted from 30 April to 8 May 2020 in Japan. Participants consisted of 2846 users (1150 men (mean age=50.3) and 1696 women (mean age=43.0)) who were working prior to the government declaration of a state of emergency (7 April 2020). Their daily steps from 1 January to 13 May 2020 recorded by an accelerometer in their mobile devices were linked to their responses. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Two-Question Screen. Results On average, participants took 1143.8 (95% CI −1557.3 to −730.2) fewer weekday steps during the declaration period (from 7 April to 13 May). Depressive symptoms were positively associated with female gender (OR=1.58, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.87), decreased weekday steps (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.45) and increased working hours (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.26). Conversely, starting WFH was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.99). Conclusions Decreased weekday steps during the declaration period were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms, but WFH may mitigate the risk in the short term. Further studies on the longitudinal effects of WFH on health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koryu Sato
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan .,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Mai Yamaguchi
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuoka
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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145
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Cognitive Patterns and Coping Mechanisms in the Context of Internet Use. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent research indicates there are different cognitive patterns and coping mechanisms related to increased levels of Internet use and emotional distress in adolescents. This study aims to investigate the relationship between coping mechanisms, dysfunctional negative emotions, and Internet use. A total of 54 participants aged between 14 and 19 years old completed a questionnaire containing several measures and demographics information. We measured participants’ coping strategies, emotional distress, social and emotional loneliness, and their online behavior and Internet addiction using self-report questionnaires. In order to identify the relation between the investigated variables, we used correlation analysis and regression, and we tested one mediation model. The results showed that maladaptive coping strategies and Internet use were significant predictors of dysfunctional negative emotions. Moreover, passive wishful thinking, as a pattern of thinking, was associated with anxious and depressed feelings. The relation between Internet use and dysfunctional negative emotions was mediated by participants’ coping mechanisms. Therefore, we can conclude that the level of negative feelings is associated with the coping strategies used while showing an increased level of Internet addiction. Future studies should also consider different and multiple types of measurement other than self-reports, especially related to Internet addiction.
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146
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Behere A, Barber Garcia BN. COVID-19 and Children's Mental Health: Identifying Challenges and the New Normal. Curr Pediatr Rev 2021; 17:185-190. [PMID: 33992062 DOI: 10.2174/1573396317666210514172829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has had a clear and direct impact on the physical health of human beings. However, the mental health toll associated with this global pandemic is only beginning to be understood. Although children and adolescents have been largely spared from the more severe symptoms associated with the disease, global health organizations such as the United Nations have suggested that COVID-19 may have the longest and most severe impact on children and adolescents due to the socioeconomic, physical, psychological impacts associated with the disease itself and the measures taken to stop transmission, such as physical distancing. This paper provides an overview of the evolutionary basis for community and the ways that social and physical distancing measures to contain COVID-19 threaten the important social learning and support that community provides. It then discusses how this pandemic is likely to impact the mental health of children and adolescents, based on research from prior pandemics, recommendations from global health authorities, and emerging data on the impacts of COVID-19. Finally, we offer evidence-based suggestions on how to mitigate the effects of physical and social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddh Behere
- Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Pediatric Behavioral Medicine, 35 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, MI, United States
| | - Brittany N Barber Garcia
- Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Pediatric Behavioral Medicine, 35 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, MI, United States
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147
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Karasmanaki E, Tsantopoulos G. Impacts of social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic on the daily life of forestry students. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2021; 120:105781. [PMID: 33318720 PMCID: PMC7720009 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
University life has changed profoundly due to social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. Over the longer term, the coronavirus crisis may affect the mental health of undergraduate students who are required to cope with remote options and forgo the usual campus life. The aim of this study is thus to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on undergraduate students' mental health and daily life in order to assist policymakers improve pandemic control plans and help educators and healthcare experts provide support to affected undergraduates. Results are based on quantitative data collected via online questionnaires which were completed by 181 Greek undergraduate forestry students. The analysis indicated that the students were highly affected by the closure of universities and the transition to distance learning. Moreover, they experienced negative emotions, mostly concern and anger, during the lockdown. T-test showed that female respondents experienced strong negative emotions like fear, panic and despair to a higher degree than male students who were more optimistic about the pandemic. Surprisingly, the students did not exercise outdoors every day even though it was allowed during the 42-day quarantine. In addition, they used mostly television and scientific articles to obtain information about COVID-19. The results presented in this study offer insights into university students' experience with the pandemic and reveal their reaction to remote education. It is recommended to monitor university students' mental health frequently and to provide them with psychological counselling and practical advice on how to manage anxiety and fear. Finally, education and training on remote learning could help reduce students' anxiety over online classes and exams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Karasmanaki
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Pantazidou 193, 682 00 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsantopoulos
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Pantazidou 193, 682 00 Orestiada, Greece
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148
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Lee SL, Pearce E, Ajnakina O, Johnson S, Lewis G, Mann F, Pitman A, Solmi F, Sommerlad A, Steptoe A, Tymoszuk U, Lewis G. The association between loneliness and depressive symptoms among adults aged 50 years and older: a 12-year population-based cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8:48-57. [PMID: 33181096 PMCID: PMC8009277 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is experienced by a third of older adults in the UK and is a modifiable potential risk factor for depressive symptoms. It is unclear how the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms persists over time, and whether it is independent of related social constructs and genetic confounders. We aimed to investigate the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms, assessed on multiple occasions during 12 years of follow-up, in a large, nationally representative cohort of adults aged 50 years and older in England. METHODS We did a longitudinal study using seven waves of data that were collected once every 2 years between 2004 and 2017, from adults aged 50 years and older in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). The exposure was loneliness at baseline (wave two), measured with the short 1980 revision of the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (R-UCLA). The primary outcome was a score indicating severity of depression measured at six subsequent timepoints (waves three to eight), using the eight-item version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Analyses were linear multilevel regressions, before and after adjusting for social isolation, social support, polygenic risk scores, and other sociodemographic and health-related confounders. The secondary outcome was depression diagnosis, measured using a binary version of the CES-D. FINDINGS 4211 (46%) of 9171 eligible participants had complete data on exposure, outcome, and confounders, and were included in our complete case sample. After all adjustments, a 1-point increase in loneliness score was associated with a 0·16 (95% CI 0·13-0·19) increase in depressive symptom severity score (averaged across all follow-ups). We estimated a population attributable fraction for depression associated with loneliness of 18% (95% CI 12-24) at 1 year of follow-up and 11% (3-19) at the final follow-up (wave eight), suggesting that 11-18% of cases of depression could potentially be prevented if loneliness were eliminated. Associations between loneliness and depressive symptoms remained after 12 years of follow-up, although effect sizes were smaller with longer follow-up. INTERPRETATION Irrespective of other social experiences, higher loneliness scores at baseline were associated with higher depression symptom severity scores during 12 years of follow-up among adults aged 50 years and older. Interventions that reduce loneliness could prevent or reduce depression in older adults, which presents a growing public health problem worldwide. FUNDING National Institute on Aging and a consortium of UK Government departments coordinated by the National Institute for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Long Lee
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eiluned Pearce
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Farhana Mann
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Francesca Solmi
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Urszula Tymoszuk
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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149
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Faustino B, Branco Vasco A, Delgado J, Farinha-Fernandes A, Guerreiro JC. Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 related social distancing on loneliness, psychological needs and symptomatology. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2020; 23:492. [PMID: 33585299 PMCID: PMC7875069 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2020.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness may be a consequence of social distancing, a measure imposed by several governments to try to reduce the contagion of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite being necessary, this measure may have thus caused a rise in mental health issues, leading to higher psychological distress and symptomatology. Thus, it is also important to explore how loneliness relates to the regulation of psychological needs. This study aims to explore the relationships between loneliness, symptomatology, and the regulation of psychological needs. 142 individuals (M age=32.7, SD=10.9), answered self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional design. Results show that loneliness is positively correlated with symptomatology and difficulties in the regulation of psychological needs, with these relationships being mediated by psychological distress and psychological well-being. We discuss our results with a focus on loneliness and related psychopathological symptomatology, as they seem to be core factors in the regulation of psychological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of Lisbon
- Department of Cognitive, Behavioral and Integrative Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Branco Vasco
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of Lisbon
- Department of Cognitive, Behavioral and Integrative Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Delgado
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of Lisbon
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150
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Granieri A, Bonafede M, Marinaccio A, Iavarone I, Marsili D, Franzoi IG. SARS-CoV-2 and Asbestos Exposure: Can Our Experience With Mesothelioma Patients Help Us Understand the Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 and Develop Interventions? Front Psychol 2020; 11:584320. [PMID: 33414743 PMCID: PMC7782241 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence, the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has had enormous physical, social, and psychological impacts worldwide. The aim of this article was to identify elements of our knowledge on asbestos exposure and malignant mesothelioma (MM) that can provide insight into the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and be used to develop adequate interventions. Although the etiology of Covid-19 and MM differs, their psychological impacts have common characteristics: in both diseases, there is a feeling of being exposed through aerial contagion to an "invisible killer" without boundaries that can strike even the strongest individuals. In both cases, affected persons can experience personality dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms; helplessness, hopelessness, and projection of destructive thoughts onto external forces often emerge, while defense mechanisms such as denial, splitting, repression, and reduced emotional expression are used by individuals to contain their overwhelming anxieties. We believe that in both diseases, an integrated multidimensional intervention offered by hospitals and other public health services is the most effective approach to alleviating patients' and caregivers' psychological distress. In particular, we emphasize that in the context of both MM and COVID-19, Brief Psychoanalytic Group therapy can help patients and caregivers attribute meaning to the significant changes in their lives related to the experience of the disease and identify adaptive strategies and more realistic relational modalities to deal with what has happened to them. We also highlight the importance of developing a surveillance system that includes individual anamnestic evaluation of occupational risk factors for COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michela Bonafede
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Iavarone
- Environmental and Social Epidemiology Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health in Contaminated Sites, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marsili
- Environmental and Social Epidemiology Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health in Contaminated Sites, Rome, Italy
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