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Gao Y, Patil S, Jia J. The Development of Molecular Biology of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8182. [PMID: 34360948 PMCID: PMC8347149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disorders that affects both women and men, and causes bone deterioration and bone strength. Bone remodeling maintains bone mass and mineral homeostasis through the balanced action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and bone resorption, respectively. The imbalance in bone remodeling is known to be the main cause of osteoporosis. The imbalance can be the result of the action of various molecules produced by one bone cell that acts on other bone cells and influence cell activity. The understanding of the effect of these molecules on bone can help identify new targets and therapeutics to prevent and treat bone disorders. In this article, we have focused on molecules that are produced by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts and their mechanism of action on these cells. We have also summarized the different pharmacological osteoporosis treatments that target different molecular aspects of these bone cells to minimize osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Gao
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China;
| | - Suryaji Patil
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Jingxian Jia
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China;
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102
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Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. Biased and allosteric modulation of bone cell-expressing G protein-coupled receptors as a novel approach to osteoporosis therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105794. [PMID: 34329703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On the cellular level, osteoporosis (OP) is a result of imbalanced bone remodeling, in which osteoclastic bone resorption outcompetes osteoblastic bone formation. Currently available OP medications include both antiresorptive and bone-forming drugs. However, their long-term use in OP patients, mainly in postmenopausal women, is accompanied by severe side effects. Notably, the fundamental coupling between bone resorption and formation processes underlies the existence of an undesirable secondary outcome that bone anabolic or anti-resorptive drugs also reduce bone formation. This drawback requires the development of anti-OP drugs capable of selectively stimulating osteoblastogenesis and concomitantly reducing osteoclastogenesis. We propose that the application of small synthetic biased and allosteric modulators of bone cell receptors, which belong to the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family, could be the key to resolving the undesired anti-OP drug selectivity. This approach is based on the capacity of these GPCR modulators, unlike the natural ligands, to trigger signaling pathways that promote beneficial effects on bone remodeling while blocking potentially deleterious effects. Under the settings of OP, an optimal anti-OP drug should provide fine-tuned regulation of downstream effects, for example, intermittent cyclic AMP (cAMP) elevation, preservation of Ca2+ balance, stimulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and estrogen production, suppression of sclerostin secretion, and/or preserved/enhanced canonical β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway. As such, selective modulation of GPCRs involved in bone remodeling presents a promising approach in OP treatment. This review focuses on the evidence for the validity of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel.
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Mao H, Wang W, Shi L, Chen C, Han C, Zhao J, Zhuo Q, Shen S, Li Y, Huo J. Metabolomics and physiological analysis of the effect of calcium supplements on reducing bone loss in ovariectomized rats by increasing estradiol levels. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:76. [PMID: 34301294 PMCID: PMC8305954 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from the 2010-2012 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey showed that the vast majority of postmenopausal women in China had dual deficiencies in calcium and estrogen. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify whether calcium supplementation alleviated bone loss caused by calcium restriction combined with estrogen deficiency in rats. METHODS Forty-eight female rats aged 9 weeks were assigned to 4 groups and fed a low-calcium diet: sham-operated (SHAM-LC), ovariectomized (OVX-LC), and ovariectomized rats treated with 750 mg/kg (OVX-LC-M) or 2800 mg/kg CaCO3 (OVX-LC-H). CaCO3 or distilled water was administered orally for 13 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphometry of the femur, serum biochemical parameters, and serum metabolites were analyzed. RESULTS The OVX-LC rats showed a significant increase in body weight and serum levels of lipid markers, a significant decrease in serum estradiol, calcium, phosphorus, and 25(OH)D levels, and deterioration of the femur. At 750 mg/kg and 2800 mg/kg, CaCO3 reduced the deterioration of trabecular bone and increased the trabecular area percentage (Tb.Ar %) and BMD of the femur. Serum estradiol levels increased in a dose-dependent manner after CaCO3 supplementation (p < 0.01). The administration of 2800 mg/kg CaCO3 decreased serum triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein levels (p < 0.05) and decreased the levels of the bone turnover markers osteocalcin, N-telopeptide of type I collagen and β-crosslaps. The results of the metabolomics analysis showed that the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was closely related to calcium supplementation, and more DG (44:6 n3), LysoPC (22:2) and PE (P-34:3) and less Cer (d43:0) and PE-NMe2 (46:3) were produced. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicated that calcium supplementation was beneficial for decreasing bone loss in OVX-LC rats. The present study is the first to show that calcium supplementation increased the estradiol content in OVX-LC rats, and the effect of calcium on bone loss may be partially attributed to the increase in the estrogen level that subsequently induced the changes in metabolite levels, eventually increasing the bone mineral density to a relatively higher level to reduce bone deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Shi
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chao Han
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qin Zhuo
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shi Shen
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Junsheng Huo
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Park CW, Lim SJ, Moon YW, Choi SH, Shin MH, Min YK, Yoon BK, Park YS. Fracture recurrence in hip fracture with menopausal hormone therapy versus risedronate: a clinical trial. Climacteric 2021; 24:408-414. [PMID: 34240673 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1915271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An open-label, randomized trial was conducted to examine the effects of risedronate versus menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in postmenopausal women with recent hip fracture. METHODS Among 1165 eligible women, 281 were recruited and randomly assigned to receive oral risedronate (35 mg/week) or percutaneous estradiol gel (1.5 mg/day) plus oral micronized progesterone (100 mg/day) for 4 years. The primary end point was recurrent fracture and the secondary end points were mortality and bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS Kaplan-Meier analyses showed no significant differences in fracture recurrence and mortality between the two groups. The incidence of any new fracture per 100 person-years (PY) was 8.63 in the risedronate group and 12.86 in the MHT group (p = 0.180); that of clinical fracture was 4.75 and 6.99, respectively (p = 0.265); and that of asymptomatic vertebral fracture was 4.87 and 5.58, respectively (p = 0.764). The respective incidence of death per 100 PY was 3.58 and 4.40 (p = 0.503). BMD increased comparably at the lumbar spine in both groups. BMD at the total hip did not change in the risedronate group, but increased significantly by 2.8% in the MHT group. CONCLUSIONS MHT might not differ from risedronate in the prevention of secondary fractures and death among postmenopausal women with recent hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-J Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-W Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Choi
- Department of Radiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-H Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-K Min
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B-K Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-S Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zinnia MA, Khademul Islam ABMM. Fenugreek steroidal saponins hinder osteoclastogenic bone resorption by targeting CSF-1R which diminishes the RANKL/OPG ratio. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:351-364. [PMID: 34217743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is skeletal fragility caused by the excessive bone resorption due to osteoclastogenesis. But current drugs are less bioavailable and possess higher toxicity. Our study was conducted to identify safe oral bioavailable drugs from Fenugreek steroidal saponins and to delineate underlying mechanism of them to lower the osteoclastogenic bone resorption. We observed higher molecular docked binding affinities in finally selected eight hit compounds within the range of -11.0 to -10.1 kcal/mol which was greater than currently used drugs. Molecular Dynamics simulation with Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA) and Gyration trajectory projection reinforced the stability of the protein-ligand complexes. Pharmacokinetics analysis confirmed bioavailability of seven compounds out of eight, and drug likeliness and bioavailability profile evaluation indicated that they all are eligible to be developed as a potent oral inhibitor of CSF-1R. By literature mining knowledge-driven analysis, RNAseq data and Molecular Dynamics Simulation, we proposed that, the hit derivatives block the CSF-1/CSF-1R induced phosphorylation signaling pathway in both osteoclast and osteoblast resulting in hindrance of RANK expression and formation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in osteoclast and osteoblast respectively, thus declines the RANKL/OPG ratio, lowering the osteoclast survival, proliferation and differentiation.
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106
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Munhoz L, Morita L, Nagai AY, Moreira J, Arita ES. Mandibular cortical index in the screening of postmenopausal at low mineral density risk: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20200514. [PMID: 33591840 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic literature review addressed the use of mandibular cortical index (MCI), assessed by panoramic radiography, for the identification of postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis. METHODS Databases were searched for original research studies published from September 2010 to September 2020 using the following keywords: "postmenopausal osteoporosis" and synonyms combined with "panoramic radiography" and synonyms. Only English language manuscripts and studies pertaining to the MCI were selected. RESULTS A total of 24 studies were included. The publications were highly heterogeneous in terms of the subject of interest, i.e. the MCI, with some studies comparing the usefulness of the MCI using panoramic radiography and using cone beam computed tomography, and others comparing different radiomorphometric indexes developed for panoramic radiography. CONCLUSIONS Based on the literature included in this systematic review, we conclude that the MCI is useful as an auxiliary tool for identifying postmenopausal females at risk of low bone mineral density (BMD), as it correlates with skeletal BMD measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Nevertheless, other radiomorphometric indexes obtained from panoramic radiographs, such as panoramic mandibular index, mental index, and mandibular cortical width, are also valuable as auxiliary tools in the identification of postmenopausal females at risk, as they also correlate with BMD. Thus, it is not possible to affirm which index is the most reliable for the identification of postmenopausal females considering the literature screened. PROSPERO registration systematic review CRD42020208152.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Munhoz
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Morita
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Yukari Nagai
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Moreira
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emiko Saito Arita
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pedro JC, Nicolau RB, Offenbacher RW, Credidio MV, Reis FBD, Cocco LF. EVALUATION OF POST-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF FRAGILITY FRACTURES. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2021; 29:137-142. [PMID: 34290560 PMCID: PMC8266284 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220212903242944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the conduct of Brazilian orthopedists regarding preventive treatment after fragility fracture surgery. METHODS A questionnaire was applied to Brazilian orthopedists. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 16.0 program. RESULTS 257 participants were analyzed. Most participants, 90.7% (n = 233), reported that they cared for patients with fractures and 62.3% (n = 160) treated them. The most indicated treatments were vitamin D (22.6%; n = 134) and calcium supplementation (21.4%; n = 127). According to the experience of the physicians - experienced (n = 184) and residents (n = 73) - fragility fractures were more common in the routine of residents (98.6%; n = 72) than experienced physicians (87.5%; n = 161), p = 0.0115. While treatment conduction was more reported by experienced physicians (63.6%; n = 117) than residents (58.9%; n = 43), p = 0.004. More experienced orthopedists (21.4%; n = 97) indicated treatment with bisphosphates than residents (14.2%; n = 20), p = 0.0266. CONCLUSION Although most professionals prescribe treatment after fragility fracture surgery, about 40% of professionals still do not treat it, with differences in relation to experience. In this sense, we reinforce the importance of secondary prevention in the management of fragility fractures. Level of Evidence II, Prospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Pedro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Roberto Bezerra Nicolau
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Renato Watoniki Offenbacher
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Credidio
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernando Baldy Dos Reis
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Fernando Cocco
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Vacca V, Marinelli S, De Angelis F, Angelini DF, Piras E, Battistini L, Pavone F, Coccurello R. Sexually Dimorphic Immune and Neuroimmune Changes Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice: Novel Insights for Gender Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094397. [PMID: 33922372 PMCID: PMC8122838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NeP) in humans is often a life-long condition with no effective therapy available. The higher incidence of female gender in NeP onset is worldwide reported, and although the cause is generally attributed to sex hormones, the actual mechanisms and the players involved are still unclear. Glial and immune cells take part in NeP development, and orchestrate the neuroimmune and inflammatory response, releasing pro-inflammatory factors with chemoattractant properties that activate resident immune cells and recruit immune cells from circulation. The neuro-immune crosstalk is a key contributor to pain hypersensitivity following peripheral nervous system injury. Our previous works showed that in spite of the fact that female mice had an earlier analgesic response than males following nerve lesion, the recovery from NeP was never complete, suggesting that this difference could occur in the very early stages after injury. To further investigate gender differences in immune and neuroimmune responses to NeP, we studied the main immune cells and mediators elicited both in plasma and sciatic nerves by peripheral nerve lesion. After injury, we found a different pattern of distribution of immune cell populations showing either a higher infiltration of T cells in nerves from females or a higher infiltration of macrophages in nerves from males. Moreover, in comparison to male mice, the levels of cytokines and chemokines were differently up- and down-regulated in blood and nerve lysates from female mice. Our study provides some novel insights for the understanding of gender-associated differences in the generation and perseveration of NeP as well as for the isolation of specific neurodegenerative mechanisms underlying NeP. The identification of gender-associated inflammatory profiles in neuropathy is of key importance for the development of differential biomarkers and gender-specific personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vacca
- CNR-National Research Council, CNR, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (S.M.); (F.D.A.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (D.F.A.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Sara Marinelli
- CNR-National Research Council, CNR, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (S.M.); (F.D.A.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (D.F.A.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Federica De Angelis
- CNR-National Research Council, CNR, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (S.M.); (F.D.A.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (D.F.A.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | | | - Eleonora Piras
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (D.F.A.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Luca Battistini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (D.F.A.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Flaminia Pavone
- CNR-National Research Council, CNR, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (S.M.); (F.D.A.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (D.F.A.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (D.F.A.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
- CNR-National Research Council, CNR, Institute for Complex System (ISC), via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (R.C.)
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Guo W, Li H, Lou Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Qian M, Wei H, Xiao J, Xu Y. Tyloxapol inhibits RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized-induced bone loss by restraining NF-κB and MAPK activation. J Orthop Translat 2021; 28:148-158. [PMID: 33981577 PMCID: PMC8063697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tyloxapol is a non-ionic surfactant with diverse pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-malignant tumor and antioxidant activities. However, the effect of tyloxapol on osteoclastogenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we intended to clarify the effect of tyloxapol on RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and the molecular mechanism both ex vivo and in vivo. Methods In vitro osteoclastogenesis assay was performed in BMMs and Raw 264.7 cells. The mature osteoclasts were visualized by TRAP staining. The osteoblsats were visualized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Von Kossa staining. To assess whether tyloxapol inhibited the function of mature osteoclasts, F-actin belts and pit formation assays were carried out in BMMs. To evaluate the effect of tyloxapol on post-menopausal osteoporosis, the OVX mouse model were utilized. The bone tissue TRAP staining was used to evaluate the osteoclast activity in vivo. The von kossa staining and micro computed tomography were used to evaluate the histomorphometric parameters. The Goldner's staining was used to evaluate the osteoblast activity. The expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated markers were evaluated by Real-time PCR. The NF-κB and NFATc1 transcriptional activities were illustrated utilizing the assay of luciferase reporter. The effect of tyloxapol pretreatment on IκBa degradation and p65 phosphorylation was evaluated using Western bloting assay. The effect of tyloxapol pretreatment on p65 nuclear translocation was evaluated utilizing immunofluorescence. The effect of tyloxapol pretreatment on the phosphorylatio of ERK, p38 and JNK was examined utilizing Western bloting assay. Results In our research, we found that tyloxapol suppresses RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis in a dose dependent manner and in the initial stage of osteoclastogenesis. Through F-actin belts and pit formation assays, we found that tyloxapol had the ability to inhibit the function of mature osteoclasts in vitro. The results of animal experiments demonstrated that tyloxapol inhibits OVX-induced bone mass loss by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts but had a limited effect on osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization. Molecularly, we found that tyloxapol suppresses RANKL-stimulated NF-κB activation through suppressing degradation of IκBα, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65. At last, MAPK signaling pathway was also suppressed by tyloxapol in dose and time-dependent manners. Conclusion Our research illustrated that tyloxapol was able to suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro and ovariectomized-induced bone loss in vivo by restraining NF-κB and MAPK activation. This is pioneer research could pave the way for the development of tyloxapol as a potential therapeutic treatment for osteoporosis. The translational potential of this article This study explores that tyloxapol, also known as Triton WR-1339, may be a drug candidate for osteoclastogenic sicknesses like osteoporosis. Our study may also extend the clinical therapeutic spectrum of tyloxapol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Orthopaedic Oncology Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Orthopaedic Oncology Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Qian
- Orthopaedic Oncology Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Orthopaedic Oncology Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Orthopaedic Oncology Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Osteoporosis Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
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Wu GJ, Cherng YG, Chen JT, Chang CC, Liu SH, Chen RM. Genistein Triggers Translocation of Estrogen Receptor-Alpha in Mitochondria to Induce Expressions of ATP Synthesis-Associated Genes and Improves Energy Production and Osteoblast Maturation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:901-923. [PMID: 33853499 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that estrogen can induce mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis-associated gene expressions and osteoblast maturation. Genistein, a phytoestrogenic isoflavone that is widely found in various foods and traditional herb products, is beneficial for osteogenesis by selectively triggering estrogen receptor alpha (ER[Formula: see text] expression. In this study, we further investigated the mechanisms of genistein-induced energy production and osteoblast activation. Exposure of rat calvarial osteoblasts and human U-2 OS cells to genistein triggered osteoblast activation without affecting cell survival. Treatment with genistein time-dependently induced ER[Formula: see text] mRNA and protein expressions in rat calvarial osteoblasts. Analyses by confocal microscopy and immunoblotting showed that genistein stimulated translocation of ER[Formula: see text] from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. Subsequently, expressions of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) I and II mRNAs and proteins in primary rat osteoblasts were induced after exposure to genistein. Knocking-down ER[Formula: see text] concurrently inhibited genistein-induced COX I and II mRNA expressions. In addition, mitochondrial complex enzyme activities, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular ATP levels in rat calvarial osteoblasts were time-dependently augmented by genistein. Suppressing ER[Formula: see text] expression instantaneously lowered genistein-induced enhancements of mitochondrial energy production and osteoblast activation. Effects of genistein on ER[Formula: see text] translocation, COX I and II mRNA expressions, ATP synthesis, and osteoblast activation were further confirmed in human U-2 OS cells. This study showed that genistein can stimulate energy production and consequent osteoblast activation via inducing ER[Formula: see text]-mediated mitochondrial ATP synthesis-linked gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Jhe Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Chau Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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111
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Relationship between Oral Health Status and Bone Mineral Density in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9040432. [PMID: 33917239 PMCID: PMC8067960 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oral health status and bone mineral density has been poorly elucidated. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the relationship between oral health status and bone mineral density with data from healthy community-dwelling elderly individuals in Ohnan-cho, Shimane Japan who were recruited in 2019 for the Shimane Center for Community-Based Health Research and Education (CoHRE) study. The study included 702 participants (306 men and 396 women). The median age, bone mineral density, and number of remaining teeth were 69.0 years, 86.2%, and 26.0, respectively. The two groups (Low teeth group and High teeth group) showed significant differences in age, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, and masticatory function in men (p < 0.05). In women, age, number of untreated teeth, and masticatory function were significantly different (p < 0.05). The odds ratio of propensity score analysis for the association between the number of remaining teeth and bone mineral density was 27.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.86–414.9, p < 0.05). The number of remaining teeth could be associated with bone mineral density in the healthy elderly women, and no significant association was observed in men. Number of remaining teeth and bone mineral density may be interrelated, and oral care by dentists/dental hygienists may play an important role in maintaining bone mineral density in elderly women.
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112
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Fiani B, Newhouse A, Sarhadi KJ, Arshad M, Soula M, Cathel A. Special Considerations to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Osteoporosis Undergoing Spine Surgery. Int J Spine Surg 2021; 15:386-401. [PMID: 33900998 PMCID: PMC8059385 DOI: 10.14444/8050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a condition that is commonly encountered, with increasing diagnosis by the medical community with the aging population. Osteoporosis leaves patients susceptible to fragility fractures in the vertebrae and is also associated with degenerative changes, both of which may require intervention from a spine surgeon. The goal of this review is to concisely outline special nonoperative adjuncts, as well as preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations of osteoporotic patients undergoing spine intervention. METHODS A literature analysis was completed for this narrative review. A database search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted using "osteoporosis" combined with "spine," "spine surgery," and "spinal fusion" without exclusion based on publication date. Articles were screened to exclude duplicate articles and screened for their full text and English language availability. RESULTS The database search yielded recent publications from which the narrative review was completed. CONCLUSIONS Preoperatively, screening is traditionally completed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Pharmacological therapy modalities currently include teriparatide, raloxifene, denosumab, bisphosphonates, and calcitonin. In order to prevent operative complications associated with osteoporosis, surgeons have found success in increasing the diameter and the length of pedicle screws, limiting pedicle tapping, achieving bicortical or even tricortical purchase, augmenting with polymethyl methacrylate, using iliosacral stabilization, preventing positive sagittal balance, and using adequate fusion products when necessary. Postoperatively, it is important to implant a care plan that includes adequate pain control and necessary care, and to understand risks associated with falls may increase risk of postoperative fragility fractures as well as instrumentation displacement. At this time there are no recommendations in regard to bracing in the postoperative setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This review article outlines the most current evidence-based medicine with regard to considerations in spine surgery of the osteoporotic patient, and aims to bring about new questions to be investigated in that paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California
| | - Alexander Newhouse
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Mohammad Arshad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California
| | - Marisol Soula
- New York University School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Alessandra Cathel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California
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113
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Kong D, Chen T, Zheng X, Yang T, Zhang Y, Shao J. Comparative profile of exosomal microRNAs in postmenopausal women with various bone mineral densities by small RNA sequencing. Genomics 2021; 113:1514-1521. [PMID: 33785399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To explore the role of plasma miRNAs in exosomes in early postmenopausal women. Small RNA sequencing was implemented to clarify the expression of miRNA in plasma exosomes obtained from 15 postmenopausal women, divided into groups of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal bone mass based on bone mineral density. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified by comparing miRNA expression profiles. Five putative miRNAs, miR-224-3p, miR-25-5p, miR-302a-3p, miR-642a-3p, and miR-766-5p were confirmed by real-time PCR; miRNA target genes were obtained from 4 databases: miRWalk, miRDB, RNA22, and TargetScan. The miRNA-mRNA- Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) networks were analyzed, and the DEMs' potential role was investigated by gene ontology terms and KEGG pathway annotation. The results suggest that characterizing plasma exosomal miRNA profiles of early postmenopausal women by small RNA sequencing could identify novel exo-miRNAs involved in bone remodeling, and miR-642a-3p maybe contribute to the prediction and diagnosis of early postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dece Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Tianning Chen
- Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, China
| | - Xinhui Zheng
- Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, China
| | - Tieyi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200135, China.
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114
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Xu SY, Shi P, Zhou RM. Post-menopausal oestrogen deficiency induces osteoblast apoptosis via regulating HOTAIR/miRNA-138 signalling and suppressing TIMP1 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4572-4582. [PMID: 33733597 PMCID: PMC8107111 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of osteoporosis in post‐menopausal females. Real‐time PCR was conducted to measure the expression of potential lncRNAs involved in the osteoporosis of post‐menopausal females. In addition, Western blot and IHC assays were used to study the possible correlation among HOTAIR, miR‐138 and TIMP1, while a computational analysis was carried out to predict the ‘seed sequence’ responsible for the binding between miR‐138 and HOTAIR/TIMP1. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays were conducted to validate the negative regulatory relationship between miR‐138 and TIMP1/HOTAIR. To evaluate the effect of oestrogen on the function of HOATIR and its downstream effectors, luciferase activity was measured in cells cotransfected with different vectors or treated with different doses of oestrogen. The results of the luciferase assay were further validated by real‐time PCR, Western blot, MTT assay and flow cytometry. Among the candidate lncRNAs, HOTAIR was the only lncRNA down‐regulated in post‐menopausal females. HOTAIR bound to miR‐138 and negatively regulated its expression. Meanwhile, miR‐138 could also bind to TIMP1 mRNA and reduce its expression. Furthermore, a dose‐dependent up‐regulation of HOTAIR was observed in cells treated with oestrogen, and the elevated HOTAIR increased the level of TIMP1 by targeting miR‐138. In addition, oestrogen promoted cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis, and effects of oestrogen were blocked by the silencing of HOTAIR. Therefore, it can be concluded that oestrogen deficiency could induce the apoptosis of osteoblasts and lead to osteoporosis in post‐menopausal females via modulation of the HOTAIR/miR‐138/TIMP1 signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yong Xu
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Rui-Ming Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People Hospital of NanSha, Guangzhou, China
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Kleinbielen T, Palencia-Madrid L, Garcia-Ibarbia C, Ortiz F, Riancho JA, M de Pancorbo M. Association of LCT -13910C>T polymorphism and hip fracture in a cohort of older adult population from Northern Spain. Gene 2021; 783:145560. [PMID: 33705808 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hip fracture is a common health problem very frequent in the older adult population and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and societal costs. There are several factors that increase the risk of suffering a hip fracture, however, the effect of genetic lactase non-persistence is not clear-cut yet. For this reason, we investigated if the LCT -13910C>T polymorphism is a potential risk factor for osteoporotic hip fractures in older adult people from the Northern Spain population. A total of 740 individuals were included in this study. Of them, 364 belonged to the group of patients whit osteoporotic hip fracture while the control group consisted of 376 individuals without hip fracture. The genotypes for the LCT -13910C>T polymorphism were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction and high resolution melting. The prevalence of the CC genotype, which is related to lactase non-persistence, did not differ significantly in both groups. Likewise, no differences were observed between groups when they were compared with regard to the C or the T allele, or when they were analyzed considering gender. Additionally, our results were compared with those obtained in a control group of 207 nonagenarian individuals originally from Northern Spain and no differences were observed. In conclusion, no significant association was observed between the LCT -13910C>T polymorphism and the risk for suffering hip fracture in the older adult population of Northern Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kleinbielen
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ibarbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Fernando Ortiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
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Hajisadeghi H, Azarbayjani MA, Vafaeenasab M, Peeri M, Mosala MMM. Effect of regular resistance exercise, vitamin D, and calcium supplements on the bone mineral content and density in postmenopausal model of rats: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2021; 19:63-74. [PMID: 33554004 PMCID: PMC7851480 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i1.8181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis progressively occurs due to alteration in the estrogen level during the menopause period, and subsequently elevates the risk of fractures. Objective To evaluate the effect of regular resistance exercise, vitamin D, and calcium supplements on bone mineral content and density, postmenopausal rats used. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 72 female Sprague-Dawley rats (8-10 wk: 250 ± 15 gr) were ovariectomized and randomly divided into nine groups (n = 8/each): control, placebo, exercise (EX), exercise with vitamin D supplement (EX + D), exercise with calcium (EX + Ca), exercise with calcium and vitamin D (EX + Ca + D), vitamin D administration (D), calcium administration (Ca), and calcium and vitamin D (Ca + D) groups. Finally, the tail, hip, and lumbar bone mineral content, bone mineral density, bone thickness, and bone cells were evaluated in each group. Results The tail, hip, and lumbar bone mineral density was increased significantly in the EX + Vit D group compared to the control group (p = 0.004, p = 0.007, p = 0.003, respectively). However, there were no significant changes in the bone mineral content of the hips and lumbar among the groups. Besides, bone thickness in the Ex + Vit D group was more than the other groups (p = 0.02). The number of osteoclast cells were decreased in the Ca + Vit D, Ex + Ca, Ex + Vit D, and Ex + Vit D + Ca groups compared to the control group. Osteocyte numbers were increased only in the Ex + Vit D group. Conclusion Resistance exercise in combination with vitamin D and calcium have a positive effect on the bone mineral density and bone mineral content and might be able to prevent or delay the osteoporosis among elderly women. However, additional researches are needed to assess the molecular pathways of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Hajisadeghi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Maghsoud Peeri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang F, Huang X, Qi Y, Qian Z, Ni S, Zhong Z, Zhang X, Li D, Yu B. Juglanin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in Ovariectomized Mice via the Suppression of NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:596230. [PMID: 33708115 PMCID: PMC7941268 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.596230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a physiological process that involves both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Pathological changes of osteoclasts are commonly seen in osteoporosis diseases. Juglanin is a natural compound, reported to have an inhibitory effect on inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer progression. The purpose of this study is to explore the role that Juglanin plays on the osteoclast functions and underlying signaling pathways. In vitro study demonstrated that Juglanin had negative influence on osteoclastic differentiation by suppressing the transcription activity of osteoclastogenesis-related genes and proteins. To determine the underlying mechanism, Western blot was employed to show that Juglanin could significantly have negative effect on the phosphorylation of P50, P65, I-κB, ultimately suppressing the expression and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1). In vivo Juglanin treatment attenuate bone reducing in mice with removed ovary through suppressing osteoclast functioning. Taken together, our study demonstrated that in the molecular mechanism, JUG inhibited the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) induced NF - κ B signaling pathway, thus may play a vital part in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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118
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Li H, Xiao Z, Quarles LD, Li W. Osteoporosis: Mechanism, Molecular Target and Current Status on Drug Development. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1489-1507. [PMID: 32223730 PMCID: PMC7665836 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200330142432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CDATA[Osteoporosis is a pathological loss of bone mass due to an imbalance in bone remodeling where osteoclast-mediated bone resorption exceeds osteoblast-mediated bone formation resulting in skeletal fragility and fractures. Anti-resorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates and SERMs, and anabolic drugs that stimulate bone formation, including PTH analogues and sclerostin inhibitors, are current treatments for osteoporosis. Despite their efficacy, severe side effects and loss of potency may limit the long term usage of a single drug. Sequential and combinational use of current drugs, such as switching from an anabolic to an anti-resorptive agent, may provide an alternative approach. Moreover, there are novel drugs being developed against emerging new targets such as Cathepsin K and 17β-HSD2 that may have less side effects. This review will summarize the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis, current drugs for osteoporosis treatment, and new drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38165, USA
| | - L. Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38165, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Culibrk RA, Hahn MS. The Role of Chronic Inflammatory Bone and Joint Disorders in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:583884. [PMID: 33364931 PMCID: PMC7750365 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.583884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that causes significant cognitive debilitation in tens of millions of patients worldwide. Throughout disease progression, abnormal secretase activity results in the aberrant cleavage and subsequent aggregation of neurotoxic Aβ plaques in the cerebral extracellular space and hyperphosphorylation and destabilization of structural tau proteins surrounding neuronal microtubules. Both pathologies ultimately incite the propagation of a disease-associated subset of microglia-the principle immune cells of the brain-characterized by preferentially pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and inhibited AD substrate uptake capacity, which further contribute to neuronal degeneration. For decades, chronic neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the cardinal pathophysiological driving features of AD; however, despite a number of works postulating the underlying mechanisms of inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration, its pathogenesis and relation to the inception of cognitive impairment remain obscure. Moreover, the limited clinical success of treatments targeting specific pathological features in the central nervous system (CNS) illustrates the need to investigate alternative, more holistic approaches for ameliorating AD outcomes. Accumulating evidence suggests significant interplay between peripheral immune activity and blood-brain barrier permeability, microglial activation and proliferation, and AD-related cognitive decline. In this work, we review a narrow but significant subset of chronic peripheral inflammatory conditions, describe how these pathologies are associated with the preponderance of neuroinflammation, and posit that we may exploit peripheral immune processes to design interventional, preventative therapies for LOAD. We then provide a comprehensive overview of notable treatment paradigms that have demonstrated considerable merit toward treating these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariah S. Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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120
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Zeb A, Rana I, Choi HI, Lee CH, Baek SW, Lim CW, Khan N, Arif ST, Sahar NU, Alvi AM, Shah FA, Din FU, Bae ON, Park JS, Kim JK. Potential and Applications of Nanocarriers for Efficient Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1184. [PMID: 33291312 PMCID: PMC7762162 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, the clinical use of biopharmaceutical products has markedly increased because of their obvious advantages over conventional small-molecule drug products. These advantages include better specificity, potency, targeting abilities, and reduced side effects. Despite the substantial clinical and commercial success, the macromolecular structure and intrinsic instability of biopharmaceuticals make their formulation and administration challenging and render parenteral delivery as the only viable option in most cases. The use of nanocarriers for efficient delivery of biopharmaceuticals is essential due to their practical benefits such as protecting from degradation in a hostile physiological environment, enhancing plasma half-life and retention time, facilitating absorption through the epithelium, providing site-specific delivery, and improving access to intracellular targets. In the current review, we highlight the clinical and commercial success of biopharmaceuticals and the overall applications and potential of nanocarriers in biopharmaceuticals delivery. Effective applications of nanocarriers for biopharmaceuticals delivery via invasive and noninvasive routes (oral, pulmonary, nasal, and skin) are presented here. The presented data undoubtedly demonstrate the great potential of combining nanocarriers with biopharmaceuticals to improve healthcare products in the future clinical landscape. In conclusion, nanocarriers are promising delivery tool for the hormones, cytokines, nucleic acids, vaccines, antibodies, enzymes, and gene- and cell-based therapeutics for the treatment of multiple pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Isra Rana
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Ho-Ik Choi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Cheol-Ho Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Seong-Woong Baek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Chang-Wan Lim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Namrah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Sadia Tabassam Arif
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Najam us Sahar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
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Rozenberg S, Al-Daghri N, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Brandi ML, Cano A, Collins P, Cooper C, Genazzani AR, Hillard T, Kanis JA, Kaufman JM, Lambrinoudaki I, Laslop A, McCloskey E, Palacios S, Prieto-Alhambra D, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Rosano G, Trémollieres F, Harvey NC. Is there a role for menopausal hormone therapy in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis? Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:2271-2286. [PMID: 32642851 PMCID: PMC7661391 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We provide an evidence base and guidance for the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) for the maintenance of skeletal health and prevention of future fractures in recently menopausal women. Despite controversy over associated side effects, which has limited its use in recent decades, the potential role for MHT soon after menopause in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis is increasingly recognized. We present a narrative review of the benefits versus risks of using MHT in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Current literature suggests robust anti-fracture efficacy of MHT in patients unselected for low BMD, regardless of concomitant use with progestogens, but with limited evidence of persisting skeletal benefits following cessation of therapy. Side effects include cardiovascular events, thromboembolic disease, stroke and breast cancer, but the benefit-risk profile differs according to the use of opposed versus unopposed oestrogens, type of oestrogen/progestogen, dose and route of delivery and, for cardiovascular events, timing of MHT use. Overall, the benefit-risk profile supports MHT treatment in women who have recently (< 10 years) become menopausal, who have menopausal symptoms and who are less than 60 years old, with a low baseline risk for adverse events. MHT should be considered as an option for the maintenance of skeletal health in women, specifically as an additional benefit in the context of treatment of menopausal symptoms, when commenced at the menopause, or shortly thereafter, in the context of a personalized benefit-risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rozenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology CHU St Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aubertin-Leheudre
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, CRIUGM, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - M-L Brandi
- Department of Biochemical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Unit of Bone and Mineral Diseases, University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Cano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Collins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton Campus, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A R Genazzani
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Hillard
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, UK
| | - J A Kanis
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - J-M Kaufman
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Lambrinoudaki
- Menopause Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Laslop
- Scientific Office, Federal Office for Safety in Health Care, Vienna, Austria
| | - E McCloskey
- Centre for Integrated research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Palacios
- Director of Palacios Institute of Women's Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J-Y Reginster
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - F Trémollieres
- Menopause Center, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, University Hospital of Toulouse and INSERM U1048-I2MC-Equipe 9, Toulouse, France
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK.
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Moghazy H, Abdeen Mahmoud A, Elbadre H, Abdel Aziz HO. Protective Effect of Oxytocin Against Bone Loss in a Female Rat Model of Osteoporosis. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:147-155. [PMID: 33178863 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Introduction: Oxytocin (OT) has been proposed to assist in the regulation of bone remodeling and to exert an antiosteoporotic effect. We evaluated the possible protective effect of OT against bone degeneration in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods The study was performed on three groups of adult female rats; group I was subjected to sham operation, group II was subjected to ovariectomy, and group III was subjected to ovariectomy and intraperitoneal injection with OT for eight successive weeks. At the end of the study, bone mass density (BMD) was measured; then the rats were euthanized and their blood and bone tissues were examined. Results The group II rats had significantly less BMD and greater serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP), osteocalcin (OC), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels than the group I rats. Furthermore, group II rats had fewer osteocytes and osteoblasts, and less OPG/RANKL mRNA expression than group I rats. The groups I and III and rats showed no significant differences in BMD, bALP, OC, TRAP, OPG/RANKL mRNA expression, or osteocyte and osteoblast numbers. Conclusion Oxytocin may have an antiosteoporotic effect in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Moghazy
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - Aida Abdeen Mahmoud
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - Hala Elbadre
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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Liu J, Deng X, Liang X, Li L. The phytoestrogen glabrene prevents osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats through upregulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22653. [PMID: 33113278 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the effects of phytoestrogen glabrene on postmenopausal osteoporosis in an ovariectomy (OVX) rat model. Glabrene administration (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 13 weeks can significantly slow down the body weight gain and slightly increase the uterus weight of OVX rats. The increased levels of U-Ca, U-P levels, urine DPD/creatinine, serum ALP, OCN, triglycerides, and total cholesterol induced by OVX were dramatically inhibited in rats, whereas no difference occurred for S-Ca and S-P in all groups. Furthermore, glabrene can enhance bone mineral density of the right femur, fourth-lumbar vertebra and tibia and improve biomechanical parameters, such as femoral neck loading force, three-point bending of the tibia, and vertebral compression in OVX rats. Moreover, glabrene greatly suppressed the expression of TRAP protein but increased OPG and BGP protein expression in tibia tissue of OVX rats. In addition, OVX-induced reduction of Lrp-5, β-catenin, Runx2, and Osx protein expression was all restored by glabrene treatment. The present study indicated that glabrene might be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xinchang Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Longying Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
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Network pharmacology-based investigation on the mechanisms of action of Morinda officinalis How. in the treatment of osteoporosis. Comput Biol Med 2020; 127:104074. [PMID: 33126122 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that leads to a high risk for bone fractures. Morinda officinalis How. has been used as osteoporosis treatment in China. However, its mechanism of action as an anti-osteoporotic herb remains unknown. METHODS A network pharmacology approach was applied to explore the potential mechanisms of action of M. officinalis in osteoporosis treatment. The active compounds of M. officinalis and their potential osteoporosis-related targets were retrieved from TCMSP, TCMID, SwissTargetPrediction, DrugBank, DisGeNET, GeneCards, OMIM, and TTD databases. A protein-protein interaction network was built to analyze the target interactions. The Metascape database was used to carry out GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Moreover, interactions between active compounds and potential targets were investigated through molecular docking. RESULTS A total of 17 active compounds and 93 anti-osteoporosis targets of M. officinalis were selected for analysis. The GO enrichment analysis results indicated that the anti-osteoporosis targets of M. officinalis mainly play a role in the response to steroid hormone. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that M. officinalis prevents osteoporosis through the ovarian steroidogenesis signaling pathway. Moreover, the molecular docking results indicated that bioactive compounds (morindon, ohioensin A, and physcion) demonstrated a good binding ability with IGF1R, INSR, ESR1, and MMP9. CONCLUSION M. officinalis contains potential anti-osteoporotic active compounds. These compounds function by regulating the proteins implicated in ovarian steroidogenesis-related pathways that are crucial in estrogen biosynthesis. Our study provides new insights into the development of a natural therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Pape J, Herbison AE, Leeners B. Recovery of menses after functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea: if, when and why. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:130-153. [PMID: 33067637 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged amenorrhoea occurs as a consequence of functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) which is most often induced by weight loss, vigorous exercise or emotional stress. Unfortunately, removal of these triggers does not always result in the return of menses. The prevalence and conditions underlying the timing of return of menses vary strongly and some women report amenorrhoea several years after having achieved and maintained normal weight and/or energy balance. A better understanding of these factors would also allow improved counselling in the context of infertility. Although BMI, percentage body fat and hormonal parameters are known to be involved in the initiation of the menstrual cycle, their role in the physiology of return of menses is currently poorly understood. We summarise here the current knowledge on the epidemiology and physiology of return of menses. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this review was to provide an overview of (i) factors determining the recovery of menses and its timing, (ii) how such factors may exert their physiological effects and (iii) whether there are useful therapeutic options to induce recovery. SEARCH METHODS We searched articles published in English, French or German language containing keywords related to return of menses after FHA published in PubMed between 1966 and February 2020. Manuscripts reporting data on either the epidemiology or the physiology of recovery of menses were included and bibliographies were reviewed for further relevant literature. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria served to assess quality of observational studies. OUTCOMES Few studies investigate return of menses and most of them have serious qualitative and methodological limitations. These include (i) the lack of precise definitions for FHA or resumption of menses, (ii) the use of short observation periods with unsatisfactory descriptions and (iii) the inclusion of poorly characterised small study groups. The comparison of studies is further hampered by very inhomogeneous study designs. Consequently, the exact prevalence of resumption of menses after FHA is unknown. Also, the timepoint of return of menses varies strongly and reliable prediction models are lacking. While weight, body fat and energy availability are associated with the return of menses, psychological factors also have a strong impact on the menstrual cycle and on behaviour known to increase the risk of FHA. Drug therapies with metreleptin or naltrexone might represent further opportunities to increase the chances of return of menses, but these require further evaluation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Although knowledge on the physiology of return of menses is presently rudimentary, the available data indicate the importance of BMI/weight (gain), energy balance and mental health. The physiological processes and genetics underlying the impact of these factors on the return of menses require further research. Larger prospective studies are necessary to identify clinical parameters for accurate prediction of return of menses as well as reliable therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pape
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A E Herbison
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - B Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sansai K, Na Takuathung M, Khatsri R, Teekachunhatean S, Hanprasertpong N, Koonrungsesomboon N. Effects of isoflavone interventions on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1853-1864. [PMID: 32524173 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Isoflavones have a structure similar to 17β-estradiol, so they may be useful to postmenopausal women in preventing bone loss related to estrogen deficiency. The present study integrated the findings from 63 randomized controlled trials and found that isoflavone interventions may have benefits in the prevention and treatment of menopause-related osteoporosis. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the efficacy of isoflavone interventions on bone density outcomes and the safety of isoflavone interventions in postmenopausal women by means of systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search was performed on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library). Included studies were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of isoflavone intervention on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Mean difference (MD) in BMD or relative risk for adverse outcomes was used as a summary effect measure; pooled-effect estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 63 RCTs, involving 6427 postmenopausal women, were included in the meta-analysis. Statistically significant differences in BMD at the last follow-up visit between the two groups (isoflavones vs. control) were found at the lumbar spine (MD = 21.34 mg/cm2, 95% CI = 8.21 to 34.47 mg/cm2, p = 0.001), the femoral neck (MD = 28.88 mg/cm2, 95% CI = 15.05 to 42.71 mg/cm2, p < 0.0001), and the distal radius (MD = 19.27 mg/cm2, 95% CI = 5.65 to 32.89 mg/cm2, p = 0.006). The positive effects in improved BMD were primarily associated with two formulations, i.e., genistein 54 mg/day and ipriflavone 600 mg/day. Isoflavone interventions were generally safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION Isoflavone interventions, genistein (54 mg/day) and ipriflavone (600 mg/day) in particular, have beneficial effects on BMD outcomes and are safe in postmenopausal women. They may be considered as a complementary or alternative option in the prevention and treatment of menopause-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sansai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Master of Science Program in Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - M Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - R Khatsri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - S Teekachunhatean
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Thai Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - N Hanprasertpong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - N Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Kellen de Souza Cardoso C, Gondim Peixoto MDR, dos Santos Rodrigues AP, Rodrigues Mendonça C, de Oliveira C, Aparecida Silveira E. Bone Mineral Density in Severely Obese Women: Health Risk and Health Protective Risk Factors in Three Different Bone Sites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7017. [PMID: 32992832 PMCID: PMC7579229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Factors associated with bone mineral density (BMD) are poorly known in severely obese individuals i.e., a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2. The objectives of this study were to describe the bone health profile of severely obese Brazilian women, to identify the health risk and health protective factors for BMD in this group and to assess whether these factors vary according to three different bone sites. BMD was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study analyzed baseline data from 104 women who had an average BMI of 43.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and presented the following BMD status: 1.283 ± 0.094 g/cm2 for total body, 1.062 ± 0.159 g/cm2 for vertebral column and 1.195 ± 0.134 g/cm2 for hip. They took part in the "Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severe obesity" randomized clinical trial (DieTBra Trial). The risk factors negatively associated with lower BMD were age ≥50 years for the three bone sites i.e., total body, vertebral column and hip. Smoking for total body BMD (p = 0.045); BMI ≥ 50kg/m2 for vertebral column and hip; menopause for hip; high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p = 0.049), insufficient zinc (p = 0.010) and previous fracture for vertebral column (p = 0.007). The protective factors positively associated with BMD were physical activity (≥150 min/week (p = 0.001)) for hip; type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) (p < 0.0001) total body and adequate vitamin D levels from food consumption (p = 0.039) for vertebral column. A BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 was a risk factor for lower BMD. The findings showed that protective and risk factors varied by bone site. The original study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. (protocol number: NCT02463435).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria do Rosário Gondim Peixoto
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Goiás, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula dos Santos Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Goiás, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.R.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Carolina Rodrigues Mendonça
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Goiás, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.R.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Goiás, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.R.); (C.R.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
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Wu H, Wu S, Zhu Y, Cheng J, Ye S, Xi Y, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Bu S. Aspirin restores endothelial function by mitigating 17β-estradiol-induced α-SMA accumulation and autophagy inhibition via Vps15 scaffold regulation of Beclin-1 phosphorylation. Life Sci 2020; 259:118383. [PMID: 32896555 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have shown that the widespread use of estrogen preparations can cause adverse outcomes such as thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. Autophagy is a biochemical process necessary to maintain cell homeostasis. The present study investigated whether E-2 mediates autophagy-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. The role of aspirin in this process was then studied. MAIN METHODS Western blot, fluorescence microscopy, electron transmission microscopy, plasma construction and transfection, vasoreactivity study in wire myograph are all used in this study. KEY FINDINGS We found that E-2 activated the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibited the formation of the Atg14L-Beclin1-Vps34-Vps15 complex, thereby inhibiting autophagy. Aspirin promoted Beclin1 phosphorylation in autophagy initiation complexes and enhanced autophagy. Furthermore, E-2 treatment of HAECs resulted in endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting autophagy and leading to accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). E-2 inhibited the activation of eNOS and reduced the expression of eNOS protein. In the mouse aortic vascular function test, E-2 disrupted endothelium-dependent vasodilation. An α-SMA-shRNA lentivirus eliminated the disruption to endothelium-dependent vasodilation by E-2. Aspirin inhibited α-SMA accumulation by enhancing autophagy, reversed endothelial functional impairment caused by E-2, and promoted endothelium-dependent vasodilation. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides new evidence that E-2 inhibits autophagy and induces abnormal accumulation of α-SMA, resulting in endothelial cell dysfunction and affecting vasodilation. Aspirin can effectively restore the endothelial cell function disrupted E-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siyang Wu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingchao Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayi Cheng
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shazhou Ye
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Nielsen CU, Pedersen M, Müller S, Kæstel T, Bjerg M, Ulaganathan N, Nielsen S, Carlsen KL, Nøhr MK, Holm R. Inhibitory Effects of 17-α-Ethinyl-Estradiol and 17-β-Estradiol on Transport Via the Intestinal Proton-Coupled Amino Acid Transporter (PAT1) Investigated In Vitro and In Vivo. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:354-364. [PMID: 32835702 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The proton-coupled amino acid transporter, PAT1, is known to be responsible for intestinal absorption drug substances such as gaboxadol and vigabatrin. The aim of the present study was to investigate, if 17-α-ethinyl-estradiol (E-E2) and 17-β-estradiol (E) inhibit PAT1-mediated intestinal absorption of proline and taurine in vitro in Caco-2 cells and in vivo using Sprague-Dawley rats to assess the potential for taurine-drug interactions. E and E-E2 inhibited the PAT1-mediated uptake of proline and taurine in Caco-2 cells with IC50 values of 10.0-50.0 μM without major effect on other solute carriers such as the taurine transporter (TauT), di/tri-peptide transporter (PEPT1), and serotonin transporter (SERT1). In PAT1-expressing oocytes E and E-E2 were non-translocated inhibitors. In Caco-2 cells, E and E-E2 lowered the maximal uptake capacity of PAT1 in a non-competitive manner. Likewise, the transepithelial permeability of proline and taurine was reduced in presence of E and E-E2. In male Sprague Dawley rats pre-dosed with E-E2 a decreased maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) of taurine and increased the time (tmax) to reach this was indicated, suggesting the possibility for an in vivo effect on the absorption of PAT1 substrates. In conclusion, 17-α-ethinyl-estradiol and 17-β-estradiol were identified as non-translocated and non-competitive inhibitors of PAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Maria Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thea Kæstel
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Bjerg
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nithiya Ulaganathan
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Salli Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Krestine Lundgaard Carlsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Martha Kampp Nøhr
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen R&D, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Gambari L, Grassi F, Roseti L, Grigolo B, Desando G. Learning from Monocyte-Macrophage Fusion and Multinucleation: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176001. [PMID: 32825443 PMCID: PMC7504439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) covers an essential role in developing bone diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Monocytes or macrophages fusion and multinucleation (M-FM) are key processes for generating multinucleated mature cells with essential roles in bone remodelling. Depending on the phenotypic heterogeneity of monocyte/macrophage precursors and the extracellular milieu, two distinct morphological and functional cell types can arise mature OCs and giant cells (GCs). Despite their biological relevance in several physiological and pathological responses, many gaps exist in our understanding of their formation and role in bone, including the molecular determinants of cell fusion and multinucleation. Here, we outline fusogenic molecules during M-FM involved in OCs and GCs formation in healthy conditions and during OP and RA. Moreover, we discuss the impact of the inflammatory milieu on modulating macrophages phenotype and their differentiation towards mature cells. Methodological approach envisaged searches on Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE databases to select relevant studies on M-FM, osteoclastogenesis, inflammation, OP, and RA. This review intends to give a state-of-the-art description of mechanisms beyond osteoclastogenesis and M-FM, with a focus on OP and RA, and to highlight potential biological therapeutic targets to prevent extreme bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Livia Roseti
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (B.G.); Tel.: +39-051-6366090 (B.G.)
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131
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Yang Y, Zhao L, Li N, Dai C, Yin N, Chu Z, Duan X, Niu X, Yan P, Lv P. Estrogen Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Vascular Dementia Rats by Suppressing Autophagy and Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2100-2112. [PMID: 32719979 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a clinical syndrome of acquired cognitive dysfunction caused by various cerebrovascular factors. Estrogen is a steroid hormone involved in promoting neuronal survival and in regulating many signaling pathways. However, the mechanism by which it confers neuroprotective effects in VD remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of estrogen on neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in VD rats. Adult female rats were randomly divided into four groups (sham, model, estrogen early and estrogen later treatment) and received sham surgery or bilateral ovariectomy and permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAO). The early treatment group received daily intraperitoneal injections of 17β-estradiol (100 µg/kg/day) for 8 weeks starting the day after BCCAO. The later treatment group was administered the same starting 1 week after BCCAO. Learning and memory functions were assessed using the Morris water maze. Morphological changes within the hippocampal CA1 region were observed by hematoxylin/eosin staining and electron microscopy. Expression of proteins associated with autophagy and signaling were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. We found that estrogen significantly alleviated cognitive damage and neuronal injury and reduced the expression of Beclin1 and LC3B, indicating a suppression of autophagy. Moreover, estrogen enhanced expression of β-catenin and Cyclin D1, while reducing glycogen synthase kinase 3β, suggesting activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results indicate that estrogen ameliorates learning and memory deficiencies in VD rats, and that this neuroprotective effect may be explained by the suppression of autophagy and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.,Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Congwei Dai
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Nan Yin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Zhaoping Chu
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xiaoyan Duan
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xiaoli Niu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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132
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Zuo HL, Xin H, Yan XN, Huang J, Zhang YP, Du H. 17β-Estradiol improves osteoblastic cell function through the Sirt1/NF-κB/MMP-8 pathway. Climacteric 2020; 23:404-409. [PMID: 32410477 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1758057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H.-L. Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - H. Xin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - X.-N. Yan
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Treatment in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J. Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y.-P. Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - H. Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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133
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Gennari L, Merlotti D, Falchetti A, Eller Vainicher C, Cosso R, Chiodini I. Emerging therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:115-130. [PMID: 32050822 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1726889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic, skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength and increased fracture risk; it affects 50% of women and 20% of men. In the past two decades, there have been substantial improvements in the pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis which have yielded potent inhibitors of bone resorption or stimulators of bone formation.Areas covered: This review discusses newly identified targets and pathways and conceptual approaches to the prevention of multiple age-related disorders. Furthermore, it summarizes existing therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.Expert opinion: Our enhanced understanding of bone biology and the reciprocal interactions between bone and other tissues have allowed the identification of new targets that may facilitate the development of novel drugs. These drugs will hopefully achieve the uncoupling of bone formation from resorption and possibly exert a dual anabolic and antiresorptive effect on bone. Alas, limitations regarding adherence, efficacy on nonvertebral fracture prevention and the long-term adverse events still exist for currently available therapeutics. Moreover, the efficacy of most agents is limited by the tight coupling of osteoblasts and osteoclasts; hence the reduction of bone resorption invariably reduces bone formation, and vice versa. This field is very much 'a work in progress.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Eller Vainicher
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Units, Department of Medical Sciences and Community, Fondazione Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Cosso
- EndOsMet Villa Donatello Private Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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134
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Windler E, Hadji P, Ortmann O. Hormonersatztherapie und Prävention gemäß S3-Leitlinie. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-019-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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135
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Ryu KJ, Park H, Park JS, Lee YW, Kim SY, Kim H, Jeong Y, Kim YJ, Yi KW, Shin JH, Hur JY, Kim T. Vasomotor Symptoms: More Than Temporary Menopausal Symptoms. J Menopausal Med 2020; 26:147-153. [PMID: 33423402 PMCID: PMC7797223 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), such as hot flashes and night sweating, are classic menopausal symptoms experienced by a majority of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. VMS have received a great deal of attention due to their relationship with cardiometabolic risk. Further, accumulating evidence indicates that VMS are associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, and osteoporosis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. These findings suggest VMS as biomarkers of impaired cardiometabolic conditions rather than just temporary symptoms in menopausal women, warranting further studies to confirm the casual relationship of VMS with these diseases and the exact underlying mechanism in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Jin Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | - Yeon Woo Lee
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hayun Kim
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmi Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Wook Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Young Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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136
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Abstract
Numerous safe and efficient drug therapies are currently available to decrease risk of low trauma fractures in patients with osteoporosis including postmenopausal, male, and secondary osteoporosis. In this chapter, we give first an overview of the most important outcomes regarding fracture risk reduction, change in bone mineral density (BMD by DXA) and/or bone markers of the phase III clinical studies of well-established therapies (such as Bisphosphonates, Denosumab or Teriparatide) and also novel therapies (such as Romosozumab or Abaloparatide) and highlight their mechanisms of action at bone tissue/material level. The latter understanding is not only essential for the choice of drug, duration and discontinuation of treatment but also for the interpretation of the clinical outcomes (in particular of eventual changes in BMD) after drug administration. In the second part of this chapter, we focus on the management of different forms of osteoporosis and give a review of the respective current guidelines for treatment. Adverse effects of treatment such as atypical femoral fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw or influence of fracture healing are considered also in this context.
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137
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Lewiecki EM, Bilezikian JP, Kagan R, Krakow D, McClung MR, Miller PD, Rush ET, Shuhart CR, Watts NB, Yu EW. Proceedings of the 2019 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: New Concepts in the Care of Osteoporosis and Rare Bone Diseases. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:1-20. [PMID: 31685420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The 20th annual Santa Fe Bone Symposium was held August 9-10, 2019, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. This is an annual meeting devoted to clinical applications of recent advances in skeletal research that impact the care of patients with osteoporosis, metabolic bone diseases, and inherited bone diseases. Participants included practicing and academic physicians, fellows, advanced practice providers, fracture liaison service (FLS) coordinators, clinical researchers, and bone density technologists. The symposium consisted of lectures, case presentations, and panel discussions, with an emphasis on learning through interaction of all attendees. Topics included new approaches in the use of anabolic agents for the treatment osteoporosis, a review of important events in skeletal health over the past year, new and emerging treatments for rare bone diseases, the use of genetic testing for bone diseases in clinical practice, medication-associated causes of osteoporosis, new concepts in the use of estrogen therapy for osteoporosis, new Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, skeletal consequences of bariatric surgery, and update on the progress and potential of Bone Health TeleECHO, a virtual community of practice using videoconferencing technology to link healthcare professionals for advancing the care of osteoporosis worldwide. Sessions on rare bone diseases were developed in collaboration with the Rare Bone Disease Alliance. Symposium premeetings included an FLS workshop by the National Osteoporosis Foundation and others devoted to the use of new therapeutic agents for the care of osteoporosis and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Michael Lewiecki
- New Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NYC, NY, USA
| | - Risa Kagan
- UCSF and Sutter East Bay Medical Foundation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R McClung
- Oregon Osteoporosis Center, Portland, OR, USA; Mary MacKillop Center for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul D Miller
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Eric T Rush
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Nelson B Watts
- Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elaine W Yu
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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138
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" Bridging the Gap" Everything that Could Have Been Avoided If We Had Applied Gender Medicine, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in the Gender-Omics and Sex-Omics Era. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010296. [PMID: 31906252 PMCID: PMC6982247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender medicine is the first step of personalized medicine and patient-centred care, an essential development to achieve the standard goal of a holistic approach to patients and diseases. By addressing the interrelation and integration of biological markers (i.e., sex) with indicators of psychological/cultural behaviour (i.e., gender), gender medicine represents the crucial assumption for achieving the personalized health-care required in the third millennium. However, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ are often misused as synonyms, leading to frequent misunderstandings in those who are not deeply involved in the field. Overall, we have to face the evidence that biological, genetic, epigenetic, psycho-social, cultural, and environmental factors mutually interact in defining sex/gender differences, and at the same time in establishing potential unwanted sex/gender disparities. Prioritizing the role of sex/gender in physiological and pathological processes is crucial in terms of efficient prevention, clinical signs’ identification, prognosis definition, and therapy optimization. In this regard, the omics-approach has become a powerful tool to identify sex/gender-specific disease markers, with potential benefits also in terms of socio-psychological wellbeing for each individual, and cost-effectiveness for National Healthcare systems. “Being a male or being a female” is indeed important from a health point of view and it is no longer possible to avoid “sex and gender lens” when approaching patients. Accordingly, personalized healthcare must be based on evidence from targeted research studies aimed at understanding how sex and gender influence health across the entire life span. The rapid development of genetic tools in the molecular medicine approaches and their impact in healthcare is an example of highly specialized applications that have moved from specialists to primary care providers (e.g., pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications in routine medical practice). Gender medicine needs to follow the same path and become an established medical approach. To face the genetic, molecular and pharmacological bases of the existing sex/gender gap by means of omics approaches will pave the way to the discovery and identification of novel drug-targets/therapeutic protocols, personalized laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures (sex/gender-omics). In this scenario, the aim of the present review is not to simply resume the state-of-the-art in the field, rather an opportunity to gain insights into gender medicine, spanning from molecular up to social and psychological stances. The description and critical discussion of some key selected multidisciplinary topics considered as paradigmatic of sex/gender differences and sex/gender inequalities will allow to draft and design strategies useful to fill the existing gap and move forward.
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139
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Reid RL. Menopause Medicine: Past, Present, and Future. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2019; 41 Suppl 2:S347-S349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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140
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Reid RL. Traitement de la ménopause : passé, présent et futur. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2019; 41 Suppl 2:S350-S353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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141
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Liu Z, Yang J. Uncarboxylated osteocalcin promotes osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by activating the Erk-Smad/β-catenin signalling pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:87-96. [PMID: 31674048 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Uncarboxylated osteocalcin (unOc) is an osteoblast-derived hormone with multiple regulatory functions. Osteocalcin knockdown delays the maturation of mineral species and downregulates the expression of osteogenic-specific genes in human mesenchymal stromal cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of unOc on the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and discovered that unOc promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which was characterized by increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type I collagen (COLI) production, calcified nodule formation, and expression of osteogenic-specific genes including the osterix, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, and COLI genes. Further experiments indicated that unOc promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via activation of the Erk-Smad/β-catenin signalling pathways. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Osteoporosis is associated with the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In recent years, the role of unOc function as an endocrine hormone has received much attention. In this study, we reported for the first time that unOc promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs through Erk-Smad/β-catenin signalling pathway. Our results highlight the importance of unOc as a hormone in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, indicating that this hormone may be beneficial in treatments for osteoporosis and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Liu
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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142
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Differential Modulation of Cancellous and Cortical Distal Femur by Fructose and Natural Mineral-Rich Water Consumption in Ovariectomized Female Sprague Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102316. [PMID: 31574967 PMCID: PMC6835992 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure depend on estrogens and diet. We assessed the impact of natural mineral-rich water ingestion on distal femur of fructose-fed estrogen-deficient female Sprague Dawley rats. Ovariectomized rats drank tap or mineral-rich waters, with or without 10%-fructose, for 10 weeks. A sham-operated group drinking tap water was included (n = 6/group). Cancellous and cortical bone compartments were analyzed by microcomputed tomography. Circulating bone metabolism markers were measured by enzyme immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or multiplex bead assay. Ovariectomy significantly worsened cancellous but not cortical bone, significantly increased circulating degradation products from C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and significantly decreased circulating osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio. In ovariectomized rats, in cancellous bone, significant water effect was observed for all microstructural properties, except for the degree of anisotropy, and BMD (neither a significant fructose effect nor a significant interaction between water and fructose ingestion effects were observed). In cortical bone, it was observed a significant (a) water effect for medullary volume and cortical endosteal perimeter; (b) fructose effect for cortical thickness, medullary volume, cross-sectional thickness and cortical endosteal and periosteal perimeters; and (c) interaction effect for mean eccentricity. In blood, significant fructose and interaction effects were found for osteoprotegerin (no significant water effect was seen). For the first time in ovariectomized rats, the positive modulation of cortical but not of cancellous bone by fructose ingestion and of both bone locations by natural mineral-rich water ingestion is described.
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143
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Krela-Kaźmierczak I, Skrzypczak-Zielińska M, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Michalak M, Szymczak-Tomczak A, Hryhorowicz ST, Szalata M, Łykowska-Szuber L, Eder P, Stawczyk-Eder K, Tomczak M, Słomski R, Dobrowolska A. ESR1 Gene Variants Are Predictive of Osteoporosis in Female Patients with Crohn's Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091306. [PMID: 31450614 PMCID: PMC6780775 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased bone mass in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a clinical problem with extremely severe consequences of osteoporotic fractures. Despite its increasing prevalence and the need for mandatory intervention and monitoring, it is often ignored in IBD patients’ care. Determining the biomarkers of susceptibility to bone mineral density disorder in IBD patients appears to be indispensable. We aim to investigate the impact of estrogen receptor gene (ESR1) gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), as they may contribute both, to osteoporosis and inflammatory processes. We characterised 197 patients with IBD (97 with UC, 100 with CD), and 41 controls carrying out vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus serum levels, and bone mineral density assessment at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), ESR1 genotyping and haplotype analysis. We observed that women with CD showed the lowest bone density parameters, which corresponded to the ESR1 c.454-397T and c.454-351A allele dose. The ESR1 gene PvuII and XbaI TA (px) haplotype correlated with decreased femoral neck T-score (OR = 2.75, CI = [1.21–6.27], P-value = 0.016) and may be predictive of osteoporosis in female patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Human Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Marta Kaczmarek-Ryś
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Sciences and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Human Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon T Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marlena Szalata
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Liliana Łykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Human Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Human Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamila Stawczyk-Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Human Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Tomczak
- Department of Psychology, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Human Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
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144
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Kim B, Lee SH, Song SJ, Kim WH, Song ES, Lee JC, Lee SJ, Han DW, Lee JH. Protective Effects of Melon Extracts on Bone Strength, Mineralization, and Metabolism in Rats with Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080306. [PMID: 31416178 PMCID: PMC6720457 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyphenolic extract from melon (Cucumis melo L.), as a potential source of natural antioxidants, has been reported to have a positive effect on osteoblast activity. In this study, the protective effects of heat-treated melon extract (ECO-A) on bone strength, mineralization, and metabolism were examined in osteoporotic rat models. Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in female rats and then maintained for 8 weeks, along with the ingestion of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, OVXP) or ECO-A (OVXE) for an additional 4 weeks. At a pre-determined timepoint, bone strengths, as well as bone mineral contents (BMC) and the density (BMD) of femurs and/or lumbar spines extracted from each animal, were measured by a mechanical test and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Moreover, several biochemical markers for bone turnover were analyzed by respective colorimetric assay kits in addition to clinical analyses. The maximum load and stiffness of femurs from the OVXE group were found to be significantly higher than the other groups. Furthermore, the OVXE group showed significantly higher BMC, BMD, and bone volume than the OVX and OVXP groups, which were comparable to the non-OVX (sham) group. The levels of bone formation and resorption markers in the OVXE group were similar to the sham group, but significantly different from other groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that ECO-A can play potentially positive roles in the protection of bone loss in rats with OVX-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Song
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Won Hyeon Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eun-Sung Song
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Chang Lee
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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145
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Lee Y, Kim I, Song J, Hwang KG, Choi B, Hwang SS. The relationship between hormone replacement therapy and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2012. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:151. [PMID: 31307452 PMCID: PMC6631997 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women using data from the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods The study included data from 5,482 postmenopausal women aged 45–74 years in the 2007–2012 KNHANES. The use of female HRT for at least one month was reclassified as HRT+/HRT-. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) was used to assess periodontal status. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control selection bias, and factors affecting education, family income, and age of menopause were used as covariates in PSM. A chi-square test was used to confirm the bivariate relationship between the variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders (age, education, family income, body mass index, age of menopause, alcohol, smoking, dental clinic visits in the past one year, use of oral care products and frequency of tooth brushing per day). Results After adjusting for all covariates, HRT was associated with periodontal disease (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66–0.94). In particular, the relationship between HRT and periodontal disease was more evident in those with menopause under 45 years of age disease (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.35–0.87). Conclusions The results of this study supported that it is important that hormone therapy be actively considered in the policy towards postmenopausal women. Especially, health programs such as hormone replacement therapy, non-smoking, and use of oral care products are needed for women who undergo premature menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Seoyeong University, 170, Seoyeong-ro, Wollong-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environment Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaechul Song
- Department of Occupational and Environment Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Gyun Hwang
- Department of Dentistry/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoul Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Hwang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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146
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Jiang XD. Hormone therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: will it soon become a lost art in medicine? Menopause 2019; 25:723-727. [PMID: 29738419 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Daniel Jiang
- Reading Hospital of Tower Health, Department of ObGyn, Reading, PA Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Department of ObGyn, Philadelphia, PA
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147
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Xia TS, Lin LY, Zhang QY, Jiang YP, Li CH, Liu XY, Qin LP, Xin HL. Humulus lupulus L. Extract Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Mice and Regulates Activities of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 27:31-38. [PMID: 30919241 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-2700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the protective effects of Humulus lupulus L. extract (HLE) on osteoporosis mice. METHODS In vivo experiment, a total of 35 12-week-old female ICR mice were equally divided into 5 groups: the sham control group (sham); the ovariectomy with vehicle group (OVX); the OVX with estradiol valerate [EV, 0.2 mg/(kg•d)] the OVX with low- or high-dose HLE groups [HLE, 1 g/(kg•d) and 3 g/(kg•d)], 7 in each group. Treatment began 1 week after the ovariectomized surgery and lasted for 12 weeks. Bone mass and trabecular bone mircoarchitecture were evaluated by micro computed tomography, and bone turnover markers in serum were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In vitro experiment, osteoblasts and osteoclasts were treated with HLE at doses of 0, 4, 20 and 100 µg/mL. Biomarkers for bone formation in osteoblasts and bone resorption in osteoclasts were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the OVX group, HLE exerted bone protective effects by the increase of estradiol (P<0.05), the improvement of cancellous bone structure, bone mineral density (P<0.01) and the reduction of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), bone gla-protein, c-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I) and deoxypyridinoline levels (P<0.01 for all). In vitro experiment, compared with the control group, HLE at 20 µg/mL promoted the cell proliferation (P<0.01), and increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteopontin levels in osteoblasts (both P<0.05). HLE at 100 µg/mL increased the osteoblastic ALP activities, and HLE at all dose enhanced the extracellular matrix mineralization (both P<0.01). Furthermore, compared with the control group, HLE at 20 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL inhibited osteoclastic TRAP activity (P<0.01), and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cathepsin K (both P<0.05). CONCLUSION HLE may protect against bone loss, and have potentials in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, (200433), China
| | - Liu-Yue Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, (350108), China
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, (200433), China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, (200433), China
| | - Chang-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, (200433), China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, (200433), China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, (310053), China
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, (200433), China.
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148
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Li L, Qiu X, Lash GE, Yuan L, Liang Z, Liu L. Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Chinese Adolescent and Young Adult Turner Syndrome Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 31244781 PMCID: PMC6582219 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal observational study was performed comparing BMD and body composition in Turner syndrome girls before and after 1 year of HRT treatment. Whole body BMD, femur neck BMD, total hip BMD, and lean mass were significantly increased, but there was no difference in fat mass, and lumbar spine BMD. Purpose: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the major health problems in Turner syndrome (TS) patients, and a certain percentage of TS girls are treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to improve their BMD, among other health benefits. While it is generally accepted that HRT improves BMD and body composition in adolescent and young adult TS patients, studies of HRT in Chinese TS patients are limited. Methods: To investigate the effects of HRT in Chinese TS girls, we performed a longitudinal observational study which compared measurement of BMD and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a Lunar DXA densitometer in 20 Chinese adolescent and young adult TS patients (average age = 18) before and after 1 year of HRT treatment. Results: Whole body BMD (0.85 vs. 0.87 g/cm2, P < 0.001), femur neck BMD (0.6 vs. 0.62 g/cm2, P = 0.02), total hip BMD (0.68 vs. 0.71 g/cm2, P = 0.003) and whole body lean mass (30.39 vs. 31.66 kg, P = 0.002) were significantly increased in these patients after 1 year HRT treatment, but there was no difference in whole body fat mass, android:gynoid ratio and lumbar spine BMD. Conclusions: In summary, our study found that HRT was an effective way to increase whole body BMD, femur neck BMD, total hip BMD and whole body lean mass in Chinese TS girls, with no effect on whole body fat mass, android:gynoid ratio or lumbar spine BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gendie E. Lash
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxiong Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zichao Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Li Liu
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Chin KY. The Relationship between Follicle-stimulating Hormone and Bone Health: Alternative Explanation for Bone Loss beyond Oestrogen? Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1373-1383. [PMID: 30275766 PMCID: PMC6158655 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss in women commences before the onset of menopause and oestrogen deficiency. The increase of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) precedes oestrogen decline and may be a cause for bone loss before menopause. This review summarizes the current evidence on the relationship between FSH and bone derived from cellular, animal and human studies. Cellular studies found that FSH receptor (FSHR) was present on osteoclasts, osteoclast precursors and mesenchymal stem cells but not osteoblasts. FSH promoted osteoclast differentiation, activity and survival but exerted negligible effects on osteoblasts. Transgenic FSHR or FSH knockout rodents showed heterogenous skeletal phenotypes. Supplementation of FSH enhanced bone deterioration and blocking of FSH action protected bone of rodents. Human epidemiological studies revealed a negative relationship between FSH and bone health in perimenopausal women and elderly men but the association was attenuated in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, FSH may have a direct action on bone health independent of oestrogen by enhancing bone resorption. Its effects may be attenuated in the presence of overt sex hormone deficiency. More longitudinal studies pertaining to the effects of FSH on bone health, especially on fracture risk, should be conducted to validate this speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Malaysia
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