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Cognitive-Behavioural Correlates of Dysbiosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144834. [PMID: 32650553 PMCID: PMC7402132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests an association between an altered gut microbiota (dysbiosis), cognitive performance and behaviour. This paper provides an overview of the current literature regarding the cognitive-behavioural correlates of dysbiosis, with special attention on the clinical and biochemical mechanisms underlying the association between dysbiosis, cognition (mild cognitive impairment and dementia) and behaviour (depression, schizophrenia, addiction). After providing an overview of the evidence, the review discusses the molecular aspects that could account for the cognitive-behavioural correlates of dysbiosis. Shedding light on this topic could provide insights regarding the pathogenesis of these burdening neuropsychiatric disorders and even suggest future therapeutic strategies.
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Widbom L, Schneede J, Midttun Ø, Ueland PM, Karling P, Hultdin J. Elevated plasma cotinine is associated with an increased risk of developing IBD, especially among users of combusted tobacco. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235536. [PMID: 32614903 PMCID: PMC7332008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking has previously been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but no study has reported on cotinine, an objective, biochemical measure of tobacco use. We aimed at testing the hypothesis that cotinine levels among healthy subjects are associated with an increased risk of developing IBD in later life. DESIGN We analysed plasma cotinine and evaluated corresponding lifestyle questionnaires that included tobacco habits in subjects (n = 96) who later developed late-onset IBD (70 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 26 Crohn's disease (CD)) and in sex and age-matched controls (n = 191). RESULTS Patients who later developed IBD had significantly higher plasma cotinine levels compared to controls. In multivariable analysis, higher log-cotinine was associated with a higher risk of developing IBD (OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.01-1.63)). After stratifying for time to diagnosis, the association was only significant in subjects with shorter time (< 5.1 years) to diagnosis (OR 1.45 (1.09-1.92)). The findings were similar for UC- and CD-cases, but did not reach statistical significance in CD-cases. Although plasma cotinine concentrations were higher in snuff users compared to combusted tobacco users, no increase in the risk of IBD and lower risk of developing IBD among subjects with shorter time (< 5.1 years) to diagnosis was seen among snuff users. CONCLUSIONS Cotinine, a biomarker of tobacco use, is associated with increased risk of developing late-onset IBD in general, and UC in particular. No increased risk among snuff users indicates that other components in combusted tobacco than nicotine may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Widbom
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jörn Schneede
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Pharmacology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Per Magne Ueland
- Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pontus Karling
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Piggott DA, Tuddenham S. The gut microbiome and frailty. Transl Res 2020; 221:23-43. [PMID: 32360945 PMCID: PMC8487348 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is constituted by an extensive network of organisms that lie at the host/environment interface and transduce signals that play vital roles in human health and disease across the lifespan. Frailty is a critical aging-related syndrome marked by diminished physiological reserve and heightened vulnerability to stress, predictive of major adverse clinical outcomes including death. While recent studies suggest the microbiome may impact key pathways critical to frailty pathophysiology, direct evaluation of the microbiome-frailty relationship remains limited. In this article, we review the complex interplay of biological, behavioral, and environmental factors that may influence shifts in gut microbiome composition and function in aging populations and the putative implications of such shifts for progression to frailty. We discuss HIV infection as a key prototype for elucidating the complex pathways via which the microbiome may precipitate frailty. Finally, we review considerations for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damani A Piggott
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Susan Tuddenham
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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104
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Loman BR, Shrestha CL, Thompson R, Groner JA, Mejias A, Ruoff KL, O'Toole GA, Bailey MT, Kopp BT. Age and environmental exposures influence the fecal bacteriome of young children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:1661-1670. [PMID: 32275127 PMCID: PMC7593804 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms that facilitate early infection and inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) are unclear. We previously showed that young CF children with secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) have increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. We aimed to define the impact of SHSe and other external factors upon the fecal bacteriome in early CF. METHODS Twenty CF infants and children were enrolled, clinical data recorded, and hair nicotine measured as an objective surrogate of SHSe. Fecal samples were collected at clinic visits and bacteriome 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed. RESULTS SHSe was associated with increased alpha diversity and increased relative abundance of Acinetobacter and Akkermansia, along with decreased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Recent antibiotic exposure predicted bacterial population structure in children less than 2 years of age and was associated with decreased Bacteroides relative abundance. Age was the strongest predictor of overall fecal bacterial composition and positively associated with Blautia and Parabacteroides. Weight for length was negatively associated with Staphylococcus relative abundance. CONCLUSIONS SHSe and other external factors such as antibiotics appear to alter fecal bacterial composition in young CF children, but the strongest predictor of overall composition was age. These findings have implications for understanding the intestinal microbiome in young CF children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Loman
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chandra L Shrestha
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rohan Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Judith A Groner
- Division of Primary Care, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kathryn L Ruoff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - George A O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Michael T Bailey
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Benjamin T Kopp
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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105
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Shogan BD, Chen J, Duchalais E, Collins D, Chang M, Krull K, Krezalek MA, Larson DW, Walther-Antonio MR, Chia N, Nelson H. Alterations of the Rectal Microbiome Are Associated with the Development of Postoperative Ileus in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:1663-1672. [PMID: 32323252 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common complications after colorectal surgery, postoperative ileus, surgical site infections, and anastomotic leaks continue to occur despite advances in surgical technique and enhanced recovery pathways. Preclinical studies have documented that intestinal bacteria play a role in the development of these complication, yet human data is lacking. Here we hypothesized that patients that develop ileus, surgical site infection, and/or anastomotic leak following colorectal surgery harbor a specific preoperative gut microbiome. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study on 101 patients undergoing colon or rectal resection at the Mayo Clinic. Rectal samples were collected preoperatively and on the ward on postoperative day two. The bacterial community from each sample was characterized by 16S rRNA and associated with the development of complications. RESULTS The rectal microbiome collected from patients in the operating room (p = .003) and on postoperative day two (p = .001) was significantly difference in patients whom later developed postoperative ileus compared with patients that had a normal return of bowel function. Patients whom developed ileus showed increased abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp., and Ruminococcus spp., bacteria that are associated with promoting intestinal inflammation. There were no differences in the microbiome in patients that developed surgical site infections or anastomotic leaks. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, patients that develop postoperative ileus harbor a specific gut microbiome during the perioperative period. These findings demonstrate that the preoperative bacterial composition may predispose patients to the development of ileus and that perioperative manipulation of the gut bacteria may provide a novel method to promote normal return of bowel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Shogan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Chicago, Room J557F, MC 5095, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emilie Duchalais
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Melissa Chang
- Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kimberly Krull
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Monika A Krezalek
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David W Larson
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Chia
- Division of Biomedical Statistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heidi Nelson
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Abstract
Gut microbiota are known to impact multiple organs including the lung. The cross talk between gut microbes and lungs, termed as the "gut-lung axis," is vital for immune response and homeostasis in the airways. In this chapter, we summarized the coordinated development of microorganisms in the gut and lung, exogenous and endogenous factors related to the cross talk, the mechanisms of the gut-lung axis and their dysbiosis in lung diseases. Although the current understanding of the gut-lung axis is in its infancy, several gut microbiota-associated strategies have been designed to treat and prevent lung diseases.
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107
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Nguyen Y, Mariette X, Salliot C, Gusto G, Boutron-Ruault MC, Seror R. Chronic diarrhoea and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the French E3N-EPIC Cohort Study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:3767-3775. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To assess the relationship between gastrointestinal disorders and the risk of further development of RA.
Methods
The Etude Epidémiologique auprès des femmes de la Mutuelle générale de l’Education Nationale-European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study is a French prospective cohort including 98 995 healthy women since 1990. Participants completed mailed questionnaires on their lifestyles and health-related information. Gastrointestinal disorders were assessed in the third questionnaire (sent in 1993). Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for incident RA were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with age as the time scale. Models were age adjusted, and then additionally adjusted for known risk factors of RA such as smoking, and for potential cofounders.
Results
Among 65 424 women, 530 validated incident RA cases were diagnosed after a mean (s.d.) of 11.7 (5.9) years after study baseline. In comparison with no gastrointestinal disorder, chronic diarrhoea was associated with an increased risk of developing RA during follow-up (hazard ratio = 1.70, 95% CI 1.13, 2.58), independently of dysthyroidism or dietary habits. The association was stronger among ever-smokers (hazard ratio = 2.21, 95% CI 1.32, 3.70). There was no association between RA risk and constipation or alternating diarrhoea/constipation.
Conclusion
Chronic diarrhoea was associated with an increased risk of subsequent RA development, particularly among ever-smokers. These data fit with the mucosal origin hypothesis of RA, where interaction between intestinal dysbiosis and smoking could occur at an early stage to promote emergence of autoimmunity, followed years later by clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Nguyen
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, VillejuifFrance
- Internal Medicine Department, AP-HP, Nord, Université de Paris, Hôpital Beaujon, ClichyFrance
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Rheumatology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud – Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
- Université Paris-Sud, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-immune Diseases (IMVA), INSERM U1184, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-BicêtreFrance
| | - Carine Salliot
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, VillejuifFrance
- Rheumatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Gaëlle Gusto
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, VillejuifFrance
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, VillejuifFrance
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Raphaèle Seror
- Rheumatology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud – Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
- Université Paris-Sud, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-immune Diseases (IMVA), INSERM U1184, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-BicêtreFrance
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Tam A, Filho FSL, Ra SW, Yang J, Leung JM, Churg A, Wright JL, Sin DD. Effects of sex and chronic cigarette smoke exposure on the mouse cecal microbiome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230932. [PMID: 32251484 PMCID: PMC7135149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic smoke exposure is associated with weight loss in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, the biological contribution of chronic smoking and sex on the cecal microbiome has not been previously investigated. METHODS Adult male, female and ovariectomized mice were exposed to air (control group) or smoke for six months using a standard nose-only smoke exposure system. DNA was extracted from the cecal content using the QIAGEN QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit. Droplet digital PCR was used to generate total 16S bacterial counts, followed by Illumina MiSeq® analysis to determine microbial community composition. The sequencing data were resolved into Amplicon Sequence Variants and analyzed with the use of QIIME2®. Alpha diversity measures (Richness, Shannon Index, Evenness and Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity) and beta diversity (based on Bray-Curtis distances) were assessed and compared according to smoke exposure and sex. RESULTS The microbial community was different between male and female mice, while ovariectomy made the cecal microbiome similar to that of male mice. Chronic smoke exposure led to significant changes in the cecal microbial community in both male and female mice. The organism, Alistipes, was the most consistent bacteria identified at the genus level in the cecal content that was reduced with chronic cigarette exposure and its expression was positively related to the whole-body weight of these mice. CONCLUSION Chronic smoke exposure is associated with changes in the cecal content microbiome; these changes may play a role in the weight changes that are observed in cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tam
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fernando Sergio Leitao Filho
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seung Won Ra
- Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Julia Yang
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janice M. Leung
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Churg
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne L. Wright
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Don D. Sin
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Villette R, Kc P, Beliard S, Salas Tapia MF, Rainteau D, Guerin M, Lesnik P. Unraveling Host-Gut Microbiota Dialogue and Its Impact on Cholesterol Levels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:278. [PMID: 32308619 PMCID: PMC7145900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption in cholesterol metabolism, particularly hypercholesterolemia, is a significant cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Large interindividual variations in plasma cholesterol levels are traditionally related to genetic factors, and the remaining portion of their variance is accredited to environmental factors. In recent years, the essential role played by intestinal microbiota in human health and diseases has emerged. The gut microbiota is currently viewed as a fundamental regulator of host metabolism and of innate and adaptive immunity. Its bacterial composition but also the synthesis of multiple molecules resulting from bacterial metabolism vary according to diet, antibiotics, drugs used, and exposure to pollutants and infectious agents. Microbiota modifications induced by recent changes in the human environment thus seem to be a major factor in the current epidemic of metabolic/inflammatory diseases (diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia). Epidemiological and preclinical studies report associations between bacterial communities and cholesterolemia. However, such an association remains poorly investigated and characterized. The objectives of this review are to present the current knowledge on and potential mechanisms underlying the host-microbiota dialogue for a better understanding of the contribution of microbial communities to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Villette
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pukar Kc
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Beliard
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1263, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,APHM, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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110
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The Link between Gut Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 432:160-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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111
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Nutrition, IBD and Gut Microbiota: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040944. [PMID: 32235316 PMCID: PMC7230231 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by an inflammatory process that requires lifelong treatment. The underlying causes of IBD are still unclear, as this heterogeneous disorder results from a complex interplay between genetic variability, the host immune system and environmental factors. The current knowledge recognizes diet as a risk factor for the development of IBD and attributes a substantial pathogenic role to the intestinal dysbiosis inducing an aberrant mucosal immune response in genetically predisposed individuals. This review focused on the clinical evidence available that considers the impact of some nutrients on IBD onset and the role of different diets in the management of IBD and their effects on the gut microbiota composition. The effects of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet, gluten free diet, anti-inflammatory diet and Mediterranean diet are investigated with regard to their impact on microbiota and on the evolution of the disease. At present, no clear indications toward a specific diet are available but the assessment of dysbiosis prior to the recommendation of a specific diet should become a standard clinical approach in order to achieve a personalized therapy.
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112
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Zhang F, Ma C, Zhang B, Bi L. Dynamic changes in gut microbiota under the influence of smoking and TNF-α-blocker in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:2653-2661. [PMID: 32219620 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the relationship among smoking, TNF-α-blocker therapy, and the dynamic changes in gut microbiota in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS Using a 16S rRNA sequence, 98 fecal samples of 20 AS patients collected after 0, 1, 3 and 6 months of anti-TNF-α treatment and from 20 matched health controls were examined. The variation in composition, abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota was analyzed. The dynamic effects of smoking and treatment on gut microbiota and therapeutic efficacy in AS patients were studied. RESULTS The increased relative abundance of microbiota in AS nonsmokers was g_Comamonas and g_Desulfovibrio, while that in AS smokers was g_Actinomyces, g_Collinsella, g_Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008, and g_Paraprevotella. The relative abundance of gut microbiota showed dynamic variation. The improvement rate of ASDAS in AS nonsmokers was higher than that in AS smokers (2.297 vs 1.736) after anti-TNF-α treatment. The β-diversity of gut microbiota in AS smokers was lower than that in AS nonsmokers and improved with treatment. CONCLUSIONS Both smoking and TNF-α-blocker had significant effects on the composition, relative abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota in AS patients. The AS smokers characteristically shared g_Collinsella and g_Dorea. The relative abundance of gut microbiota revealed high variability and was in dynamic fluctuation during treatment. The response of gut microbiota to anti-TNF-α treatment was found to be heterogeneous and selective. AS nonsmokers showed a greater improvement rate of ASDAS-CRP with treatment than AS smokers did. The AS smokers showed a lower β-diversity of gut microbiota, and improved after treatment. Key Points • Characterized the dynamic variation in gut microbiota in AS patients classified as smokers and nonsmokers during treatment with anti-TNF-α. • Confirmed the interaction between smoking, anti-TNF-α therapy, and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangze Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuili Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liqi Bi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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113
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Dubois-Deruy E, Rémy G, Alard J, Kervoaze G, Chwastyniak M, Baron M, Beury D, Siegwald L, Caboche S, Hot D, Gosset P, Grangette C, Pinet F, Wolowczuk I, Pichavant M. Modelling the Impact of Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Obese Mice: Metabolic, Pulmonary, Intestinal, and Cardiac Issues. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030827. [PMID: 32244932 PMCID: PMC7175208 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as bad eating behaviors and cigarette smoking, have major detrimental impacts on health. However, the inter-relations between obesity and smoking are still not fully understood. We thus developed an experimental model of high-fat diet-fed obese C57BL/6 male mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. Our study evaluated for the first time the resulting effects of the combined exposure to unhealthy diet and cigarette smoke on several metabolic, pulmonary, intestinal, and cardiac parameters. We showed that the chronic exposure to cigarette smoke modified the pattern of body fat distribution in favor of the visceral depots in obese mice, impaired the respiratory function, triggered pulmonary inflammation and emphysema, and was associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dubois-Deruy
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; (E.D.-D.); (M.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Gaëlle Rémy
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Jeanne Alard
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Gwenola Kervoaze
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Maggy Chwastyniak
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; (E.D.-D.); (M.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Morgane Baron
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Delphine Beury
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Léa Siegwald
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Ségolène Caboche
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - David Hot
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Philippe Gosset
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Corinne Grangette
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Florence Pinet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; (E.D.-D.); (M.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.R.); (J.A.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (D.H.); (P.G.); (C.G.); (I.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-320-877-965
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114
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Lo Sasso G, Phillips BW, Sewer A, Battey JND, Kondylis A, Talikka M, Titz B, Guedj E, Peric D, Bornand D, Dulize R, Merg C, Corciulo M, Ouadi S, Yanuar R, Tung CK, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. The reduction of DSS-induced colitis severity in mice exposed to cigarette smoke is linked to immune modulation and microbial shifts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3829. [PMID: 32123204 PMCID: PMC7052152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) causes detrimental health effects, increasing the risk of cardiovascular, pulmonary diseases and carcinogenesis in exposed individuals. The impact of CS on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has been established by a number of epidemiological and clinical studies. In fact, CS is associated with a higher risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) while inversely correlates with the development, disease risks, and relapse rate of ulcerative colitis (UC). To investigate the effect of CS exposure on experimental colitis, we performed a comprehensive and integrated comparative analysis of colon transcriptome and microbiome in mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and CS. Colon transcriptome analysis revealed that CS downregulated specific pathways in a concentration-dependent manner, affecting both the inflammatory state and composition of the gut microbiome. Metagenomics analysis demonstrated that CS can modulate DSS-induced dysbiosis of specific bacterial genera, contributing to resolve the inflammation or accelerate recovery. The risks of smoking far outweigh any possible benefit, thus smoking cessation must always be encouraged because of its significant health benefits. However, the inverse association between active smoking and the development of UC cannot be ignored and the present study lays the foundation for investigating potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the attenuation of colitis by certain compounds of tobacco when decoupled from combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine W Phillips
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - James N D Battey
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bornand
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maica Corciulo
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Ouadi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rendy Yanuar
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Ching Keong Tung
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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115
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Langan EA, Recke A, Bokor-Billmann T, Billmann F, Kahle BK, Zillikens D. The Role of the Cutaneous Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa-Light at the End of the Microbiological Tunnel. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1205. [PMID: 32054085 PMCID: PMC7072827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of next generation sequencing, coupled with advances in bio-informatics, has provided new insights into the role of the cutaneous microbiome in the pathophysiology of a range of inflammatory skin diseases. In fact, it has even been suggested that the identification of specific skin microbial signatures may not only be useful in terms of diagnosis of skin diseases but they may also ultimately help inform personalised treatment strategies. To date, research investigating the role of microbiota in the development of inflammatory skin diseases has largely focused on atopic eczema and psoriasis vulgaris. The role of the microbiome in Hidradenits suppurativa (HS)-also known as acne inversa-a chronic auto-inflammatory skin disease associated with significant morbidity, has received comparatively little attention. This is despite the fact that antimicrobial therapy plays a central role in the treatment of HS. After briefly outlining the clinical features of HS and current treatment strategies, we move on to review the evidence of microbial dysbiosis in HS pathophysiology. We conclude by outlining the potential for metagenomic studies to deepen our understanding of HS biology but more importantly to identify novel and much needed treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A. Langan
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.R.); (B.K.K.); (D.Z.)
- Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andreas Recke
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.R.); (B.K.K.); (D.Z.)
| | | | - Franck Billmann
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Birgit K. Kahle
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.R.); (B.K.K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.R.); (B.K.K.); (D.Z.)
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116
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Abstract
Dysthyroid eye disease is a rare condition, mainly found in people with Graves' hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune responses to thyroid/orbit shared antigens drive extensive tissue remodelling. This includes excess adipogenesis and over-production of extra-cellular matrix, which both tend to occur in the earlier 'active' inflammatory stages of disease. With time these give way to fibrosis, which has a profound impact on eye motility and may be life-long. Progress has been made in identifying the shared autoantigen(s) and the role of specific T cells and autoantibodies in remodelling, which have facilitated development of novel therapies. However relatively little is known of the autoimmune processes under-pinning fibrosis and currently there are no adequate medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ludgate
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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117
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Does Smoking Cessation Reduce Surgical Recurrence After Primary Ileocolic Resection for Crohn's Disease? Dis Colon Rectum 2020; 63:200-206. [PMID: 31842162 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is a known risk factor for recurrence of Crohn's disease after surgical resection. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effect of smoking cessation on long-term surgical recurrence after primary ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease. DESIGN A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted. SETTINGS Patient demographic data and medical and surgical details were combined from 2 specialist centers. After ethical approval, patients were contacted in case of missing data regarding smoking habit. PATIENTS All patients undergoing ileocolic resection between 2000 and 2012 for histologically confirmed Crohn's disease were included. Those with previous intestinal resection, strictureplasty for Crohn's disease, leak after ileocolic resection, or who were never reversed were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was surgical recurrence measured by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and secondary medical therapy at time of follow-up. RESULTS Over a 12-year period, 290 patients underwent ileocolic resection. Full smoking data were available for 242 (83%) of 290 patients. There were 169 nonsmokers (70%; group 1), 42 active smokers at the time of ileocolic resection who continued smoking up to last follow-up (17%; group 2), and 31 (13%) who quit smoking after ileocolic resection (group 3). The median time of smoking exposure after ileocolic resection for group 3 was 3 years (interquartile range, 0-6 y), and median follow-up time for the whole group was 112 months (9 mo; interquartile range, 84-148 mo). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly higher surgical recurrence rate for group 2 compared with group 3 (16/42 (38%) vs 3/31 (10%); p = 0.02; risk ratio = 3.9 (95% CI, 1-12)). In addition, significantly more patients in group 2 without surgical recurrence received immunomodulatory maintenance therapy compared with group 3 (12/26 (46%) vs 4/28 (14%); p = 0.01; risk ratio = 3.2 (95% CI, 1-9)). LIMITATIONS The study was limited by its retrospective design and small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation after primary ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease may significantly reduce long-term risk of surgical recurrence and is associated with less use of maintenance therapy. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B86. ¿DEJAR DE FUMAR REDUCE LA RECURRENCIA QUIRÚRGICA DESPUÉS DE LA RESECCIÓN ILEOCÓLICA PRIMARIA PARA LA ENFERMEDAD DE CROHN?: Fumar tabaco es un factor de riesgo conocido para la recurrencia de la enfermedad de Crohn después de la resección quirúrgica.Evaluar el efecto de dejar de fumar en la recurrencia quirúrgica a largo plazo después de la resección ileocólica primaria para la enfermedad de Crohn.Revisión retrospectiva de una base de datos mantenida prospectivamente.Se combinaron datos demográficos del paciente, así como detalles médicos y quirúrgicos de dos centros especializados. Después de la aprobación ética, se contactó a los pacientes en caso de falta de datos sobre el hábito de fumar.Todos los pacientes sometidos a resección ileocólica entre 2000 y 2012 por enfermedad de Crohn confirmada histológicamente. Se excluyeron aquellos con resección intestinal previa, estenosis por enfermedad de Crohn, fuga después de resección ileocólica o que nunca se revirtieron.La principal variable fue la recurrencia quirúrgica medida por análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier, terapia médica secundaria en el momento del seguimiento.Durante un período de 12 años, 290 pacientes fueron sometidos a resección ileocólica. Se dispuso de datos completos sobre el tabaquismo para 242/290 (83%). Hubo 169 no fumadores (70%) (grupo 1), 42 (17%) fumadores activos en el momento de la resección ileocólica que continuaron fumando hasta el último seguimiento (grupo 2) y 31 (13%) que dejaron de fumar después de resección ileocólica (grupo 3). La mediana del tiempo de exposición al tabaquismo después de la resección ileocólica para el grupo 3 fue de 3 años (IQR 0-6) y la mediana del tiempo de seguimiento para todo el grupo fue de 112 meses (9 años) (IQR 84-148). El análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier mostró una tasa de recurrencia quirúrgica significativamente mayor para el grupo 2 en comparación con el grupo 3 (16/42 (38%) frente a 3/31 (10%), p = 0.02; razón de riesgo 3.9 (IC 95% 1-12)). Además, un número significativamente mayor de pacientes del grupo 2 sin recurrencia quirúrgica recibieron terapia de mantenimiento inmunomoduladora en comparación con el grupo 3 (12/26 (46%) frente a 4/28 (14%), p = 0.01; razón de riesgo 3.2 (IC 95% 1-9)).Diseño retrospectivo y pequeño número de pacientes.Dejar de fumar después de la resección ileocólica primaria para la enfermedad de Crohn puede reducir significativamente el riesgo a largo plazo de recurrencia quirúrgica y se asocia con un menor uso del tratamiento de mantenimiento. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B86. (Traducción-Dr. Gonzalo Federico Hagerman).
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118
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Bernicker EH, Quigley EMM. The Gut Microbiome Influences Responses to Programmed Death 1 Therapy in Chinese Lung Cancer Patients - the Benefits of Diversity. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 14:1319-1322. [PMID: 31345329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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119
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Khan MF, Wang H. Environmental Exposures and Autoimmune Diseases: Contribution of Gut Microbiome. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3094. [PMID: 31998327 PMCID: PMC6970196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental agents have been gaining more attention in recent years for their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (ADs). Increasing evidence has linked environmental exposures, including trichloroethene (TCE), silica, mercury, pristane, pesticides, and smoking to higher risk for ADs. However, potential mechanisms by which these environmental agents contribute to the disease pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is another important environmental factor that has been linked to the onset of different ADs. Altered microbiota composition is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of mucosal immune system, but it is unclear if gut dysbiosis is a causal factor or an outcome of ADs. In this review article, we first describe the recent epidemiological and mechanistic evidences linking environmental/occupational exposures with various ADs (especially SLE). Secondly, we discuss how changes in the gut microbiome composition (dysbiosis) could contribute to the disease pathogenesis, especially in response to exposure to environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Firoze Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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120
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Abstract
Stress is a nonspecific response of the body to any demand imposed upon it, disrupting the body homoeostasis and manifested with symptoms such as anxiety, depression or even headache. These responses are quite frequent in the present competitive world. The aim of this review is to explore the effect of stress on gut microbiota. First, we summarize evidence of where the microbiota composition has changed as a response to a stressful situation, and thereby the effect of the stress response. Likewise, we review different interventions that can modulate microbiota and could modulate the stress according to the underlying mechanisms whereby the gut-brain axis influences stress. Finally, we review both preclinical and clinical studies that provide evidence of the effect of gut modulation on stress. In conclusion, the influence of stress on gut microbiota and gut microbiota on stress modulation is clear for different stressors, but although the preclinical evidence is so extensive, the clinical evidence is more limited. A better understanding of the mechanism underlying stress modulation through the microbiota may open new avenues for the design of therapeutics that could boost the pursued clinical benefits. These new designs should not only focus on stress but also on stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression, in both healthy individuals and different populations.
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121
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Volkmann ER, Hoffmann-Vold AM. Gastrointestinal tract microbiota modifications in systemic sclerosis. Eur J Rheumatol 2019; 7:S228-S236. [PMID: 31922474 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2019.19103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Genetic factors are thought to collude with various environmental triggers to induce SSc and subsequently manifest various SSc disease phenotypes. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) may represent a key pathogenic participant in this disease state. Recent studies have demonstrated specific alterations in the GIT microbial composition in SSc patients, and this article reviews studies that have investigated the GIT microbiota in SSc patients. The focus of this article is to highlight the modifications in the GIT microbiota observed in SSc patients belonging to different cohorts and to demonstrate how these alterations may be associated with specific SSc features. This article presents the results of these SSc microbiota studies in the context of findings from microbiotic studies in other autoimmune states to explore similarities and differences across disease states affecting the immune system. Finally, this article provides insights into potential SSc therapies that target the GIT microbiota. Given the complexity and variability of the SSc disease state, any treatment aimed at modulating GIT microbiota will likely need to be coupled with additional interventions that target other SSc disease components.
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122
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Yuan S, Larsson SC. A causal relationship between cigarette smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19342. [PMID: 31852999 PMCID: PMC6920406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The causality between smoking and type 2 diabetes is unclear. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to explore the causal relationship between smoking initiation and type 2 diabetes. Summary-level data for type 2 diabetes were obtained from a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies (DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium), which included 898 130 individuals of European ancestry. Totally, 377 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with smoking initiation at genome wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10-8) were identified from the hitherto largest genome-wide association study on smoking. The inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO approaches were used to analyze the data. Genetically predicted smoking initiation was associated with type 2 diabetes with an odds ratio of 1.28 (95% confidence interval, 1.20, 1.37; p = 2.35 × 10-12). Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses and there was no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. This study provides genetic evidence supporting a causal association between the smoking initiation and type 2 diabetes. Reducing cigarette smoking initiation can now be even more strongly recommended for type 2 diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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123
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Graff-Iversen S, Hewitt S, Forsén L, Grøtvedt L, Ariansen I. Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1439. [PMID: 31675936 PMCID: PMC6825363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate an effect of smoking toward abdominal obesity, but few assess hip and waist circumferences (HC and WC) independently. The present study aimed to assess the associations of smoking status and volume smoked with HC and WC and their ratio in a population with low prevalence of obesity together with high prevalence of smoking. METHODS We used cross-sectional survey data from 11 of a total 19 Norwegian counties examined in 1997-99 including 65,875 men and women aged 39-44 years. Analysis of associations were adjusted for confounding by socioeconomic position, health indicators, and additionally for BMI. RESULTS Compared with never-smokers, when adjusting for confounders and in addition for BMI, mean HC remained lower while mean WC and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) were higher in current smokers. The finding of a lower HC and higher WHR level among smokers was consistent by sex and in strata by levels of education and physical activity, while the finding of higher WC by smoking was less consistent. Among current smokers, BMI-adjusted mean HC decreased whereas WC and WHR increased by volume smoked. Compared with current smokers, former smokers had higher BMI-adjusted HC, lower WHR and among women WC was lower. CONCLUSIONS The main finding in this study was the consistent negative associations of smoking with HC. In line with the hypothesis that lower percentage gluteofemoral fat is linked with higher cardiovascular risk, our results suggest that smoking impacts cardiovascular risk through mechanisms that reduce the capacity of fat storage in the lower body region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Graff-Iversen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Medical Clinic, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Forsén
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,National Resource Centre for Women's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Grøtvedt
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Vaughan A, Frazer ZA, Hansbro PM, Yang IA. COPD and the gut-lung axis: the therapeutic potential of fibre. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S2173-S2180. [PMID: 31737344 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current management strategies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incorporate a step-wise, multidisciplinary approach to effectively manage patient symptoms and prevent disease progression. However, there has been limited advancement in therapies to address the underlying cause of COPD pathogenesis. Recent research has established the link between the lungs and the gut-the gut-lung axis -and the gut microbiome is a major component. The gut microbiome is likely perturbed in COPD, contributing to chronic inflammation. Diet is a readily modifiable factor and the diet of COPD patients is often deficient in nutrients such as fibre. The metabolism of dietary fibre by gut microbiomes produces anti-inflammatory short chain fatty acid (SCFAs), which could protect against inflammation in the lungs. By addressing the 'fibre gap' in the diet of COPD patients, this targeted dietary intervention may reduce inflammation, both systemically and in the airways, and value-add to the paradigm shift in respiratory medicine, from reactive to personalised and participatory medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalicia Vaughan
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zoe A Frazer
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Camperdown, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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125
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Roman P, Cardona D, Sempere L, Carvajal F. Microbiota and organophosphates. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:200-208. [PMID: 31560873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are important toxic compounds commonly used for a variety of purposes in agriculture, industry and household settings. Consumption of these compounds affects several central nervous system functions. Some of the most recognised consequences of organophosphate pesticide exposure in humans include neonatal developmental abnormalities, endocrine disruption, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and cancer. In addition, neurobehavioral and emotional deficits following OP exposure have been reported. It would be of great value to discover a therapeutic strategy which produces a protective effect against these neurotoxic compounds. Moreover, a growing body of preclinical data suggests that the microbiota may affect metabolism and neurotoxic outcomes through exposure to OPs. The human gut is colonised by a broad variety of microorganisms. This huge number of bacteria and other microorganisms which survive by colonising the gastrointestinal tract is defined as "gut microbiota". The gut microbiome plays a profound role in metabolic processing, energy production, immune and cognitive development and homeostasis. The effects are not only localized in the gut, but also influence many other organs, such as the brain through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Therefore, given the gut microbiota's key role in host homeostasis, this microbiota may be altered or modified temporarily by factors such as antibiotics, diet and toxins such as pesticides. The aim of this review is to examine scientific articles concerning the impact of microbiota in OP toxicity. Studies focussed on the possible contribution the microbiota has on variable host pharmacokinetic responses such as absorption and biotransformation of xenobiotics will be evaluated. Microbiome manipulation by antibiotic or probiotic administration and faecal transplantation are experimental approaches recently proposed as treatments for several diseases. Finally, microbiota manipulation as a possible therapeutic strategy in order to reduce OP toxicity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Roman
- Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Medicina, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almería, Spain; Health Sciences Research Group (CTS-451), University of Almería, Spain
| | - Diana Cardona
- Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Medicina, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almería, Spain; Research Center for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology BITAL, Universidad de Almería, Spain.
| | - Lluis Sempere
- NeuroCritical Care Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, IBIS/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Francisca Carvajal
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Almería, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almería, Spain
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126
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Matsuzawa Y, Nakahashi H, Konishi M, Sato R, Kawashima C, Kikuchi S, Akiyama E, Iwahashi N, Maejima N, Okada K, Ebina T, Hibi K, Kosuge M, Ishigami T, Tamura K, Kimura K. Microbiota-derived Trimethylamine N-oxide Predicts Cardiovascular Risk After STEMI. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11647. [PMID: 31406181 PMCID: PMC6690996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite derived from the gut microbiota, is proatherogenic and associated with cardiovascular events. However, the change in TMAO with secondary prevention therapies for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sequential change in TMAO levels in response to the current secondary prevention therapies in patients with STEMI and the clinical impact of TMAO levels on cardiovascular events We included 112 STEMI patients and measured plasma TMAO levels at the onset of STEMI and 10 months later (chronic phase). After the chronic-phase assessment, patients were followed up for cardiovascular events. Plasma TMAO levels significantly increased from the acute phase to the chronic phase of STEMI (median: 5.63 to 6.76 μM, P = 0.048). During a median period of 5.4 years, 17 patients experienced events. The chronic-phase TMAO level independently predicted future cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio for 0.1 increase in log chronic-phase TMAO level: 1.343, 95% confidence interval 1.122–1.636, P = 0.001), but the acute-phase TMAO level did not. This study demonstrated the clinical importance of the chronic-phase TMAO levels on future cardiovascular events in patients after STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Matsuzawa
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hidefumi Nakahashi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Konishi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chika Kawashima
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Kikuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eiichi Akiyama
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Iwahashi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Maejima
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kozo Okada
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ebina
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hibi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masami Kosuge
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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127
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McLean C, Jun S, Kozyrskyj A. Impact of maternal smoking on the infant gut microbiota and its association with child overweight: a scoping review. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:341-349. [PMID: 31290060 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern with evidence demonstrating that while infant exposure to maternal smoking is linked to low birth weight at birth, there is a rapid catch up in weight and increased risk of obesity in later life. This scoping review aims to synthesize up-to-date evidence on the impact of maternal smoking on the infant gut microbiota and its association with child overweight. METHODS We conducted a PRISMA-compliant scoping review. Primary population-based cohort studies published between 1900 and April 2018 were included. Relevant publications were retrieved from seven databases: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Biosis, Cochrane library, and Web of Science Core Collection. RESULTS A total of three prospective cohort studies were included which utilized high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the gut microbiota and included a total of 1277 infant/neonatal participants. Neonates exposed to environmental smoke had a higher relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Akkermansia. Infants exposed to environmental smoke during pregnancy or postnatally were found to have increased gut bacterial richness, particularly Firmicutes at 3 months of age, while 6-month-old infants born to smoking mothers had an increased abundance of Bacteroides and Staphylococcus. Elevated Firmicutes richness at 3 months of age was associated with elevated odds of child overweight and obesity at 1 and 3 years of age. CONCLUSION The limited evidence to date warrants further large scale, longitudinal studies to explore the impact of maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke on the infant gut microbiome and its relation to child overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara McLean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shelly Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Anita Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada. .,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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128
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Celik V, Beken B, Yazicioglu M, Ozdemir PG, Sut N. Do traditional fermented foods protect against infantile atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:540-546. [PMID: 30801810 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental and dietary factors during pregnancy may affect development of infantile atopic dermatitis (AD). This study analyzed whether maternal consumption of selected Turkish fermented foods (FF) and other factors during pregnancy affect the development of AD during the first 2 years of life. METHODS Eighty-four children with physician-diagnosed AD (aged between 2 and 24 months) and mothers, and 56 similarly aged, healthy children and mothers were studied. Physician-administered questionnaires retrospectively surveyed maternal consumption of FF during pregnancy. The intake frequency of 8 selected Turkish FF was classified as either (1) daily or (2) less than daily. Other possible demographic and environmental risk factors were also analyzed. RESULTS Daily maternal consumption of yogurt, fermented olive, and cheese in the control group was significantly higher than the AD group (P < 0.001, P = 0.017, and P = 0.011, respectively). Exposure to environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) was more common in the AD group than the control group (P = 0.025). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, maternal ETS exposure during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of infantile AD, and daily consumption of yogurt was associated with a reduced risk (odds ratio [OR]: 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-6.1, and OR: 0.22, CI: 0.09-0.54, respectively). The diversity of consumed FF during pregnancy was found to have a protective effect against infantile AD (OR: 0.27, CI: 0.14-0.53). CONCLUSIONS Daily maternal intake of yogurt and diversity of consumed Turkish FF during pregnancy may reduce the risk of AD. Maternal tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased risk of infantile AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velat Celik
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Burcin Beken
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Yazicioglu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Pinar Gokmirza Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Necdet Sut
- Department of Biostatistics, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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129
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Silva F, Gatica T, Pavez C. ETIOLOGÍA Y FISIOPATOLOGÍA DE LA ENFERMEDAD INFLAMATORIA INTESTINAL. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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130
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Stanislawski MA, Dabelea D, Lange LA, Wagner BD, Lozupone CA. Gut microbiota phenotypes of obesity. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:18. [PMID: 31285833 PMCID: PMC6603011 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease with a complex etiology and variable prevalence across different populations. While several studies have reported gut microbiota composition differences associated with obesity in humans, there has been a lack of consistency in the nature of the reported changes; it has been difficult to determine whether methodological differences between studies, underlying differences in the populations studied, or other factors are responsible for this discordance. Here we use 16 S rRNA data from previously published studies to explore how the gut microbiota-obesity relationship varies across heterogeneous Western populations, focusing mainly on the relationship between (1) alpha diversity and (2) Prevotella relative abundance with BMI. We provide evidence that the relationship between lower alpha diversity and higher BMI may be most consistent in non-Hispanic white (NHW) populations and/or those with high socioeconomic status, while the relationship between higher Prevotella relative abundance and BMI may be stronger among black and Hispanic populations. We further examine how diet may impact these relationships. This work suggests that gut microbiota phenotypes of obesity may differ with race/ethnicity or its correlates, such as dietary components or socioeconomic status. However, microbiome cohorts are often too small to study complex interaction effects and non-white individuals are greatly underrepresented, creating substantial challenges to understanding population-level patterns in the microbiome-obesity relationship. Further study of how population heterogeneity influences the relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie A. Stanislawski
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Brandie D. Wagner
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Catherine A. Lozupone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
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131
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Wang R, Li S, Jin L, Zhang W, Liu N, Wang H, Wang Z, Wei P, Li F, Yu J, Lu S, Chen Y, Li Z, Wu C. Four-week administration of nicotinemoderately impacts blood metabolic profile and gut microbiota in a diet-dependent manner. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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132
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Novik G, Savich V. Beneficial microbiota. Probiotics and pharmaceutical products in functional nutrition and medicine. Microbes Infect 2019; 22:8-18. [PMID: 31233819 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article is mainly devoted to such representatives of gut microbiota as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, with minor accent on less frequently used or new probiotic microorganisms. Positive effects in treatment and prevention of diseases by different microbial groups, their metabolites and mechanisms of action, management and market of probiotic products are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Novik
- Belarusian Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, the Republic of Belarus.
| | - Victoria Savich
- Belarusian Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, the Republic of Belarus
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133
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Angelucci F, Cechova K, Amlerova J, Hort J. Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:108. [PMID: 31118068 PMCID: PMC6530014 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease whose various pathophysiological aspects are still being investigated. Recently, it has been hypothesized that AD may be associated with a dysbiosis of microbes in the intestine. In fact, the intestinal flora is able to influence the activity of the brain and cause its dysfunctions.Given the growing interest in this topic, the purpose of this review is to analyze the role of antibiotics in relation to the gut microbiota and AD. In the first part of the review, we briefly review the role of gut microbiota in the brain and the various theories supporting the hypothesis that dysbiosis can be associated with AD pathophysiology. In the second part, we analyze the possible role of antibiotics in these events. Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce its biodiversity, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. Thus, the action of antibiotics in AD could be wide and even opposite, depending on the type of antibiotic and on the specific role of the microbiome in AD pathogenesis.Alteration of the gut microbiota can induce changes in brain activity, which raise the possibility of therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome in AD and other neurological disorders. This field of research is currently undergoing great development, but therapeutic applications are still far away. Whether a therapeutic manipulation of gut microbiota in AD could be achieved using antibiotics is still not known. The future of antibiotics in AD depends on the research progresses in the role of gut bacteria. We must first understand how and when gut bacteria act to promote AD. Once the role of gut microbiota in AD is well established, one can think to induce modifications of the gut microbiota with the use of pre-, pro-, or antibiotics to produce therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cechova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Amlerova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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134
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Jaskiw GE, Obrenovich ME, Donskey CJ. The phenolic interactome and gut microbiota: opportunities and challenges in developing applications for schizophrenia and autism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1471-1489. [PMID: 31197432 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder have long been associated with elevated levels of various small phenolic molecules (SPMs). In turn, the gut microbiota (GMB) has been implicated in the kinetics of many of these analytes. Unfortunately, research into the possible relevance of GMB-mediated SPMs to neuropsychiatry continues to be limited by heterogeneous study design, numerous sources of variance and technical challenges. Some SPMs have multiple structural isomers and most have conjugates. Without specialized approaches, SPMs can be incorrectly assigned or inaccurately quantified. In addition, SPM levels can be affected by dietary polyphenol or protein consumption and by various medications and diseases. Nonetheless, heterotypical excretion of various SPMs in association with schizophrenia or autism continues to be reported in independent samples. Recent studies in human cerebrospinal fluid demonstrate the presence of many SPMs A large number of these are bioactive in experimental models. Whether such mechanisms are relevant to the human brain in health or disease is not known. Systematic metabolomic and microbiome studies of well-characterized populations, an appreciation of multiple confounds, and implementation of standardized approaches across platforms and sites are needed to delineate the potential utility of the phenolic interactome in neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Jaskiw
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Mark E Obrenovich
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Curtis J Donskey
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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135
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Jaruvongvanich V, Poonsombudlert K, Ungprasert P. Smoking and Risk of Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:672-678. [PMID: 30869794 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease has long been recognized, but its role in the development of microscopic colitis is less well defined. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with the aims to identify all available studies on the association between smoking and risk of microscopic colitis and to synthesize their results. METHODS The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to May 2018 for cohort studies and case-control studies that compared the risk of microscopic colitis among current/former smokers vs individuals who have never smoked. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from the included studies and pooled together using a random-effects model, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Between-study heterogeneity was quantified using the Q statistic and I2. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. RESULTS Seven studies (2 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies) with 262,312 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Relative to never-smokers, current smokers had significantly increased odds of microscopic colitis, with a pooled OR of 2.99 (95% CI, 2.15-4.15; I2, 64%). Former smokers also had significantly higher odds of microscopic colitis compared with never-smokers, with a pooled OR of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.37-1.94; I2, 0%). Funnel plots were symmetric and did not provide suggestive evidence of publication bias for both analyses. CONCLUSIONS The current systematic review and meta-analysis found a significantly higher risk of microscopic colitis among current smokers compared with never-smokers. The risk attenuated among former smokers but remained significantly higher among never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeravich Jaruvongvanich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Patompong Ungprasert
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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136
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Prescott SL, Logan AC. Planetary Health: From the Wellspring of Holistic Medicine to Personal and Public Health Imperative. Explore (NY) 2019; 15:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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137
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The Relationship between Platelet Count and Host Gut Microbiota: A Population-Based Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020230. [PMID: 30744195 PMCID: PMC6406547 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet count reflects the severity and prognosis of multiple diseases. Additionally, alterations in gut microbiota have been linked to several chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between gut microbiota and platelet count. We selected 1268 subjects with fecal 16S RNA gene sequencing data from a Healthcare Screening Center cohort. Based on the third quartile of platelets (277 × 109/L), we compared the gut microbiota between the upper quartile (n = 321) and lower three quartiles groups (n = 947). The upper quartile group had lower alpha diversity based on observed amplicon sequence variants (q = 0.004) and phylogenetic index (q < 0.001) than the lower three quartiles group. Significant differences were also found in the weighted UniFrac distance (q = 0.001) and Jaccard dissimilarity (q = 0.047) beta diversity measures between the two groups. Compared with the lower three quartiles group, the upper quartile group exhibited decreased relative abundances of the genus Faecalibacterium, which was also inversely correlated with the platelet count. Increased platelet count was associated with reduced diversity in gut microbiota and lower abundances of Faecalibacterium with beneficial gut bacteria spices F. prausnitzii, suggesting that an increased platelet count, even within normal range, may adversely affect gut microbial diversity and composition.
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138
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Ludgate M. Cambridge Ophthalmological Symposium 2018: introduction and reflections on the day. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:169-173. [PMID: 30568255 PMCID: PMC6367334 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
I was privileged to be one of the co-chairs, along with Professor Tim Sullivan (Brisbane, Australia), for the Cambridge Ophthalmological Society (COS) annual international symposium, which, this year, was dedicated to thyroid eye disease (TED). Together with the organisers, Miss Rachna Murthy and Professor Keith Martin from COS, we compiled an impressive programme covering all aspects of the condition from events happening in a single orbital cell to improved surgical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ludgate
- Professor Emerita, Institute of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
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An R, Wilms E, Masclee AAM, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG, Jonkers D. Age-dependent changes in GI physiology and microbiota: time to reconsider? Gut 2018; 67:2213-2222. [PMID: 30194220 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our life expectancy is increasing, leading to a rise in the ageing population. Ageing is associated with a decline in physiological function and adaptive capacity. Altered GI physiology can affect the amount and types of nutrients digested and absorbed as well as impact the intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota is considered a key player in our health, and a variety of studies have reported that microbiota composition is changing during ageing. Since ageing is associated with a decline in GI function and adaptive capacity, it is crucial to obtain insights into this decline and how this is related to the intestinal microbiota in the elderly. Hence, in this review we focus on age-related changes in GI physiology and function, changes of the intestinal microbiota with ageing and frailty, how these are associated and how intestinal microbiota-targeted interventions may counteract these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Wilms
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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140
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Causal Relationship between Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Changes and Diabetes: A Novel Strategy to Transplant Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Preventing Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123720. [PMID: 30467295 PMCID: PMC6320976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, has elevated exponentially during the last decades and enhanced the risk of a variety of complications, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, we have highlighted the new insights on the complex relationships between diet-induced modulation of gut microbiota and metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Literature from various library databases and electronic searches (ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were randomly collected. There exists a complex relationship between diet and gut microbiota, which alters the energy balance, health impacts, and autoimmunity, further causes inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, including diabetes. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a butyrate-producing bacterium, which plays a vital role in diabetes. Transplantation of F. prausnitzii has been used as an intervention strategy to treat dysbiosis of the gut’s microbial community that is linked to the inflammation, which precedes autoimmune disease and diabetes. The review focuses on literature that highlights the benefits of the microbiota especially, the abundant of F. prausnitzii in protecting the gut microbiota pattern and its therapeutic potential against inflammation and diabetes.
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141
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Liu ZY, Tan XY, Li QJ, Liao GC, Fang AP, Zhang DM, Chen PY, Wang XY, Luo Y, Long JA, Zhong RH, Zhu HL. Trimethylamine N-oxide, a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite of choline, is positively associated with the risk of primary liver cancer: a case-control study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:81. [PMID: 30479648 PMCID: PMC6245753 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has suggested a potential link exists between trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a choline-derived metabolite produced by gut microbiota, and some cancers, but little is known for primary liver cancer (PLC). METHODS A case-control study was designed including 671 newly diagnosed PLC patients and 671 control subjects frequency-matched by age (±5 years) and sex, in Guangdong province, China. High-performance liquid chromatography with online electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure serum TMAO and choline. The associations between these biomarkers and PLC risk were evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS Serum TMAO concentrations were greater in the PLC group than the control group (P = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis showed that the sex- and age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 3.43 (2.42-4.86) when comparing the top and bottom quartiles (Q4 vs Q1). After further adjusting for more selected confounders, the OR (95% CI) remained significant but was attenuated to 2.85 (1.59-5.11) (Q4 vs Q1). The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) across quartiles of choline were 0.35-0.15 (P -trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION Higher serum levels of TMAO were associated with increased PLC risk. The association was stronger in those with lower serum levels of choline. Additional large prospective studies are required to confirm these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 03297255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Ying Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jiong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gong-Cheng Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dao-Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-An Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Huan Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
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142
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Insights Into the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-018-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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143
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Harris KG, Chang EB. The intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases: new insights into complex disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2013-2028. [PMID: 30232239 PMCID: PMC6907688 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic diseases of increasing worldwide prevalence characterized by gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation leading to debilitating symptoms and complications. The contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the pathogenesis and etiology of these diseases is an area of active research interest. Here, we discuss key mechanisms underlying the chronic inflammation seen in IBD as well as evidence implicating the intestinal microbiota in the development and potentiation of that inflammation. We also discuss recently published work in areas of interest within the field of microbial involvement in IBD pathogenesis - the importance of proper microecology within the GI tract, the evidence that the intestinal microbiota transduces environmental and genetic risk factors for IBD, and the mechanisms by which microbial products contribute to communication between microbe and host. There is an extensive body of published research on the evidence for microbial involvement in IBD; the goal of this review is to highlight the growing edges of the field where exciting and innovative research is pushing the boundaries of the conceptual framework of the role of the intestinal microbiota in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW As the science of the microbiome advances, social epidemiologists can contribute to understanding how the broader social environment shapes the microbiome over the life course. This review summarizes current research and describes potential mechanisms of the social epidemiology of the microbiome. RECENT FINDINGS Most existing literature linking the social environment and the microbiome comes from animal models, focused on the impact of social interactions and psychosocial stress. Suggestive evidence of the importance of early life exposures, health behaviors, and the built environment also point to the importance of the social environment for the microbiome in humans. SUMMARY Social epidemiology as a field is well poised to contribute expertise in theory and measurement of the broader social environment to this new area, and to consider both the upstream and downstream mechanisms by which this environment gets "under the skin" and "into the gut." As population-level microbiome data becomes increasingly available, we encourage investigation of the multi-level determinants of the microbiome and how the microbiome may link the social environment and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Beam Dowd
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King’s College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th St, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Audrey Renson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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145
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Lee SH, Yun Y, Kim SJ, Lee EJ, Chang Y, Ryu S, Shin H, Kim HL, Kim HN, Lee JH. Association between Cigarette Smoking Status and Composition of Gut Microbiota: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090282. [PMID: 30223529 PMCID: PMC6162563 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been few large-scale studies on the relationship between smoking and gut microbiota. We investigated the relationship between smoking status and the composition of gut microbiota. This was a population-based cross-sectional study using Healthcare Screening Center cohort data. A total of 758 men were selected and divided into three groups: never (n = 288), former (n = 267), and current smokers (n = 203). Among the three groups, there was no difference in alpha diversity, however, Jaccard-based beta diversity showed significant difference (p = 0.015). Pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) tests between never and former smokers did not show a difference; however, there was significant difference between never and current smokers (p = 0.017) and between former and current smokers (p = 0.011). Weighted UniFrac-based beta diversity also showed significant difference among the three groups (p = 0.038), and pairwise PERMANOVA analysis of never and current smokers showed significant difference (p = 0.01). In the analysis of bacterial composition, current smokers had an increased proportion of the phylum Bacteroidetes with decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria compared with never smokers, whereas there were no differences between former and never smokers. In conclusion, gut microbiota composition of current smokers was significantly different from that of never smokers. Additionally, there was no difference in gut microbiota composition between never and former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hwan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Yeojun Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea.
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea.
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